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Xu J, Bao G, Jia B, Wang M, Wen P, Kan T, Zhang S, Liu A, Tang H, Yang H, Yue B, Dai K, Zheng Y, Qu X. An adaptive biodegradable zinc alloy with bidirectional regulation of bone homeostasis for treating fractures and aged bone defects. Bioact Mater 2024; 38:207-224. [PMID: 38756201 PMCID: PMC11096722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Healing of fractures or bone defects is significantly hindered by overactivated osteoclasts and inhibited osteogenesis in patients with abnormal bone metabolism. Current clinical approaches using titanium alloys or stainless steel provide mechanical support but have no biological effects on bone regeneration. Therefore, designing and fabricating degradable metal materials with sufficient mechanical strength and bidirectional regulation of both osteoblasts and osteoclasts is a substantial challenge. Here, this study first reported an adaptive biodegradable Zn-0.8 Mg alloy with bidirectional regulation of bone homeostasis, which promotes osteogenic differentiation by activating the Pi3k/Akt pathway and inhibits osteoclast differentiation by inhibiting the GRB2/ERK pathway. The anti-osteolytic ability of the Zn-0.8 Mg alloy was verified in a mouse calvarial osteolysis model and its suitability for internal fracture fixation with high-strength screws was confirmed in the rabbit femoral condyle fracture model. Furthermore, in an aged postmenopausal rat femoral condyle defect model, 3D printed Zn-0.8 Mg scaffolds promoted excellent bone regeneration through adaptive structures with good mechanical properties and bidirectionally regulated bone metabolism, enabling personalized bone defect repair. These findings demonstrate the substantial potential of the Zn-0.8 Mg alloy for treating fractures or bone defects in patients with aberrant bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialian Xu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Guo Bao
- Laboratory Animal centre, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Minqi Wang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Peng Wen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tianyou Kan
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Shutao Zhang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Aobo Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Haozheng Tang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Hongtao Yang
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bing Yue
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Kerong Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xinhua Qu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China
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Hajhashemy Z, Shirani F, Askari G. Dietary Magnesium Intake in Relation to Depression in Adults: A GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Epidemiologic Studies. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae056. [PMID: 38812090 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The relation of magnesium (Mg) intake with depression was previously investigated by meta-analyses. However, due to limited data, a dose-response analysis was not performed. OBJECTIVE Considering the recently published articles, a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis was conducted to summarize the relation of dietary Mg intake with depression in adults. DATA SOURCES Medline (PubMed), ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were comprehensively searched up to August 2023. DATA EXTRACTION Observational studies that reported the relation of dietary Mg intake and depression in adults were included and their data were extracted. DATA ANALYSIS A total of 63 214 participants from 10 cross-sectional and 3 cohort studies were included in the current study. Pooling 15 effect sizes from 12 studies (including 50 275 participants) revealed that individuals with the highest Mg intake had a 34% lower risk of depression, compared with those with the lowest Mg intake (RR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.78). Moreover, the linear dose-response analysis revealed that each 100-mg/d increment in Mg intake was associated with a 7% reduced risk of depression (RR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.90, 0.96). Additionally, based on nonlinear dose-response analysis, increasing Mg intake from 170 to 370 mg/d was associated with a reduced risk of depression. Analyses were also conducted on 9 studies (49 558 participants) with representative populations, and similar results were found in the meta-analysis (RR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.83) and linear (RR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.90, 0.96) and nonlinear dose-response analysis. CONCLUSION The current study shows an inverse dose-dependent association between dietary Mg intakes and risk of depression in both a general and representative population of adults in a dose-response manner. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42024506570.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hajhashemy
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81746-73461 Isfahan, Iran
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81746-73461 Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shirani
- Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81746-73461 Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81746-73461 Isfahan, Iran
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Białowąs W, Blicharska E, Drabik K. Biofortification of Plant- and Animal-Based Foods in Limiting the Problem of Microelement Deficiencies-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1481. [PMID: 38794719 PMCID: PMC11124325 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
With a burgeoning global population, meeting the demand for increased food production presents challenges, particularly concerning mineral deficiencies in diets. Micronutrient shortages like iron, iodine, zinc, selenium, and magnesium carry severe health implications, especially in developing nations. Biofortification of plants and plant products emerges as a promising remedy to enhance micronutrient levels in food. Utilizing agronomic biofortification, conventional plant breeding, and genetic engineering yields raw materials with heightened micronutrient contents and improved bioavailability. A similar strategy extends to animal-derived foods by fortifying eggs, meat, and dairy products with micronutrients. Employing "dual" biofortification, utilizing previously enriched plant materials as a micronutrient source for livestock, proves an innovative solution. Amid biofortification research, conducting in vitro and in vivo experiments is essential to assess the bioactivity of micronutrients from enriched materials, emphasizing digestibility, bioavailability, and safety. Mineral deficiencies in human diets present a significant health challenge. Biofortification of plants and animal products emerges as a promising approach to alleviate micronutrient deficiencies, necessitating further research into the utilization of biofortified raw materials in the human diet, with a focus on bioavailability, digestibility, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Białowąs
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Eliza Blicharska
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Interdyscyplinary Applications of Ion Chromatography, Faculty of Biomedicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Kamil Drabik
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
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Stanojević M, Djuricic N, Parezanovic M, Biorac M, Pathak D, Spasic S, Lopicic S, Kovacevic S, Nesovic Ostojic J. The Impact of Chronic Magnesium Deficiency on Excitable Tissues-Translational Aspects. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04216-2. [PMID: 38709369 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Neuromuscular excitability is a vital body function, and Mg2+ is an essential regulatory cation for the function of excitable membranes. Loss of Mg2+ homeostasis disturbs fluxes of other cations across cell membranes, leading to pathophysiological electrogenesis, which can eventually cause vital threat to the patient. Chronic subclinical Mg2+ deficiency is an increasingly prevalent condition in the general population. It is associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular, respiratory and neurological conditions and an increased mortality. Magnesium favours bronchodilation (by antagonizing Ca2+ channels on airway smooth muscle and inhibiting the release of endogenous bronchoconstrictors). Magnesium exerts antihypertensive effects by reducing peripheral vascular resistance (increasing endothelial NO and PgI2 release and inhibiting Ca2+ influx into vascular smooth muscle). Magnesium deficiency disturbs heart impulse generation and propagation by prolonging cell depolarization (due to Na+/K+ pump and Kir channel dysfunction) and dysregulating cardiac gap junctions, causing arrhythmias, while prolonged diastolic Ca2+ release (through leaky RyRs) disturbs cardiac excitation-contraction coupling, compromising diastolic relaxation and systolic contraction. In the brain, Mg2+ regulates the function of ion channels and neurotransmitters (blocks voltage-gated Ca2+ channel-mediated transmitter release, antagonizes NMDARs, activates GABAARs, suppresses nAChR ion current and modulates gap junction channels) and blocks ACh release at neuromuscular junctions. Magnesium exerts multiple therapeutic neuroactive effects (antiepileptic, antimigraine, analgesic, neuroprotective, antidepressant, anxiolytic, etc.). This review focuses on the effects of Mg2+ on excitable tissues in health and disease. As a natural membrane stabilizer, Mg2+ opposes the development of many conditions of hyperexcitability. Its beneficial recompensation and supplementation help treat hyperexcitability and should therefore be considered wherever needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Stanojević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Pathological Physiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailović", 9, Dr Subotića Street, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Nadezda Djuricic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Pathological Physiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailović", 9, Dr Subotića Street, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miro Parezanovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Pathological Physiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailović", 9, Dr Subotića Street, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute for Mother and Child Healthcare of Serbia "Dr Vukan Čupić", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Biorac
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Pathological Physiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailović", 9, Dr Subotića Street, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dhruba Pathak
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Pathological Physiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailović", 9, Dr Subotića Street, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetolik Spasic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Pathological Physiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailović", 9, Dr Subotića Street, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srdjan Lopicic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Pathological Physiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailović", 9, Dr Subotića Street, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanjin Kovacevic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Pathological Physiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailović", 9, Dr Subotića Street, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Nesovic Ostojic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Pathological Physiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailović", 9, Dr Subotića Street, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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5
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Singh MP, Agrawal N, Agrawal A, Kushwah SS, Krishna E, Singh JM. The Role of Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitors in Patients With Hypomagnesemia: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e60919. [PMID: 38910615 PMCID: PMC11193389 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, initially developed for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes, have demonstrated benefits in reducing heart failure hospitalizations, slowing chronic kidney disease, and decreasing major cardiovascular events. Recent studies have shown that SGLT2 inhibitors can elevate serum magnesium levels in patients with type 2 diabetes, suggesting potential benefits in managing refractory hypomagnesemia. This systematic review analyzed relevant case reports, observational studies, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate the association between SGLT2 inhibitors and hypomagnesemia. The review adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and study quality was assessed using the CAse REport (CARE) guidelines. It encompassed four case reports, one retrospective observational study, one post-hoc analysis of 10 RCTs, and one meta-analysis of 18 RCTs, with a total study population of 19,767 patients. The meta-analysis revealed that SGLT2 inhibitors significantly increased serum magnesium levels in patients with type 2 diabetes, with a linear dose-dependent increase noted particularly for canagliflozin. Additionally, the case reports and other studies suggested that SGLT2 inhibitors could exert extraglycemic effects, potentially enhancing magnesium balance beyond their impact on urinary magnesium excretion. This systematic review underscores the effectiveness of SGLT2 inhibitors in addressing refractory hypomagnesemia linked with urinary magnesium wasting. It also suggests promising avenues for the application of these drugs in diverse patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusudan P Singh
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, IND
| | - Nikunj Agrawal
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, IND
| | | | | | - Ekta Krishna
- Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Patna, IND
| | - Juhi M Singh
- Pathology, Kanti Devi Medical College, Mathura, IND
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Jarmakiewicz-Czaja S, Ferenc K, Sokal-Dembowska A, Filip R. Nutritional Support: The Use of Antioxidants in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4390. [PMID: 38673974 PMCID: PMC11050446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The problem of treating inflammatory bowel disease continues to be a topic of great interest for researchers. Despite the complexity surrounding their treatment and strategies to prolong periods of remission, there is a promising exploration of various compounds that have potential in combating inflammation and alleviating symptoms. Selenium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, and iron are among these compounds, offering a glimpse of hope in the treatment of IBD. These essential minerals not only hold the promise of reducing inflammation in these diseases, but also show the potential to enhance immune function and possibly influence the balance of intestinal microflora. By potentially modulating the gut microbiota, they may help support overall immune health. Furthermore, these compounds could play a crucial role in mitigating inflammation and minimising complications in patients with IBD. Furthermore, the protective effect of these compounds against mucosal damage in IBD and the protective effect of calcium itself against osteoporosis in this group of patients are notable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jarmakiewicz-Czaja
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (S.J.-C.); (A.S.-D.)
| | - Katarzyna Ferenc
- Institute of Medicine, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Aneta Sokal-Dembowska
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (S.J.-C.); (A.S.-D.)
| | - Rafał Filip
- Institute of Medicine, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
- Department of Gastroenterology with IBD Unit, Clinical Hospital No. 2, 35-301 Rzeszow, Poland
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Zare MJ, Ahmadi A, Dehbozorgi S, Zare M, Hejazi N. The Association Between Children's Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DII) and Nutrient Adequacy with Gastrointestinal Symptoms, Sleep Habits, and Autistic Traits. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06328-z. [PMID: 38607471 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06328-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Zare
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Afsane Ahmadi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Sara Dehbozorgi
- Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavior Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Morteza Zare
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Hejazi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
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8
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Pethő ÁG, Fülöp T, Orosz P, Tapolyai M. Magnesium Is a Vital Ion in the Body-It Is Time to Consider Its Supplementation on a Routine Basis. Clin Pract 2024; 14:521-535. [PMID: 38525719 PMCID: PMC10961779 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract14020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The importance of maintaining proper magnesium intake and total body magnesium content in preserving human health remains underappreciated among medical professionals and laymen. This review aimed to show the importance of hypomagnesemia as a modifiable risk factor for developing disease processes. We searched the PubMed database and Google Scholar using the keywords 'magnesium', 'diabetes', 'cardiovascular disease', 'respiratory disease', 'immune system', 'inflammation', 'autoimmune disease', 'neurology', 'psychiatry', 'cognitive function', 'cancer', and 'vascular calcification'. In multiple contexts of the search terms, all reviews, animal experiments, and human observational data indicated that magnesium deficiency can lead to or contribute to developing many disease states. The conclusions of several in-depth reviews support our working hypothesis that magnesium and its supplementation are often undervalued and underutilized. Although much research has confirmed the importance of proper magnesium supply and tissue levels, simple and inexpensive magnesium supplementation has not yet been sufficiently recognized or promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ákos Géza Pethő
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Fülöp
- Medicine Service, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA; (T.F.); (M.T.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Petronella Orosz
- Bethesda Children’s Hospital, 1146 Budapest, Hungary;
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mihály Tapolyai
- Medicine Service, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA; (T.F.); (M.T.)
- Department of Nephrology, Szent Margit Kórhaz, 1032 Budapest, Hungary
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Kudryavtseva O, Lyngsø KS, Jensen BL, Dimke H. Nitric oxide, endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor, and smooth muscle-dependent mechanisms contribute to magnesium-dependent vascular relaxation in mouse arteries. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14096. [PMID: 38258597 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
AIM Magnesium (Mg2+ ) is a vasorelaxant. The underlying physiological mechanisms driving this vasorelaxation remain unclear. Studies were designed to test the hypothesis that multiple signaling pathways including nitric oxide (NO) and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) in endothelial cells as well as Ca2+ antagonization and TRPM7 channels in vascular smooth muscle cells mediate Mg2+ -dependent vessel relaxation. METHODS To uncover these mechanisms, force development was measured ex vivo in aorta rings from mice using isometric wire myography. Concentration responses to Mg2+ were studied in intact and endothelium-denuded aortas. Key findings were confirmed in second-order mesenteric resistance arteries perfused ex vivo using pressure myography. Effects of Mg2+ on NO formation were measured in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells, isolated mesenteric vessels, and mouse urine. RESULTS Mg2+ caused a significant concentration-dependent relaxation of aorta rings. This relaxation was attenuated significantly in endothelium-denuded aortas. The endothelium-dependent portion was inhibited by NO and cGMP blockade but not by cyclooxygenase inhibition. Mg2+ stimulated local NO formation in CHO cells and isolated mesenteric vessels without changing urinary NOx levels. High extracellular Mg2+ augmented acetylcholine-induced relaxation. SKCa and IKCa channel blockers apamin and TRAM34 inhibited Mg2+ -dependent relaxation. The endothelium-independent relaxation in aorta rings was inhibited by high extracellular Ca2+ . Combined blockade of NO, SKCa , and IKCa channels significantly reduced Mg2+ -dependent dilatation in mesenteric resistance vessels. CONCLUSIONS In mouse conductance and resistance arteries Mg2+ -induced relaxation is contributed by endothelial NO formation, EDHF pathways, antagonism of Ca2+ in smooth muscle cells, and additional unidentified mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kudryavtseva
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Kristina S Lyngsø
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Boye L Jensen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Dimke
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Nephrology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Zhong T, Zhang J, Chen S, Chen S, Deng K, Guan J, Yang J, Lv R, Liu Z, Liu Y, Chang P, Liu Z. MAGNESIUM SULFATE AMELIORATES HISTONE-INDUCED COAGULATION DYSFUNCTION AND LUNG DAMAGE IN MICE. Shock 2024; 61:132-141. [PMID: 37988072 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Extracellular histones have been determined as significant mediators of sepsis, which can induce endothelial cell injury and promote coagulation activation, and ultimately contribute to multiorgan failure. Evidence suggests that magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4 ) exerts a potential coagulation-modulating activity; however, whether MgSO 4 ameliorates histone-induced coagulation dysfunction and organ damage remains unclear. Methods: To measure circulating histone levels, blood specimens were collected from septic patients and mice, and the relationship between circulating histone levels, coagulation parameters, and Mg 2+ levels in sepsis was investigated. Furthermore, to explore the possible protective effects of MgSO 4 , we established a histone-induced coagulation model in mice by intravenous histone injection. The survival rate of mice was assessed, and the histopathological damage of the lungs (including endothelial cell injury and coagulation status) was evaluated using various methods, including hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: The circulating histone levels in septic patients and mice were significantly associated with several coagulation parameters. In septic patients, histone levels correlated negatively with platelet counts and positively with prothrombin time and D-dimer levels. Similarly, in cecal ligation and puncture mice, histones correlated negatively with platelet counts and positively with D-dimer levels. Interestingly, we also observed a positive link between histones and Mg 2+ levels, suggesting that Mg 2+ with anticoagulant activity is involved in histone-mediated coagulation alterations in sepsis. Further animal experiments confirmed that MgSO 4 administration significantly improved survival and attenuated histone-mediated endothelial cell injury, coagulation dysfunction, and lung damage in mice. Conclusion: These results suggest that therapeutic targeting of histone-mediated endothelial cell injury, coagulation dysfunction, and lung damage, for example, with MgSO 4 , may be protective in septic individuals with elevated circulating histone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanjia Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sainan Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianbin Guan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ronggui Lv
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- Department of Medicine Intensive Care Units, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Chang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhanguo Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Abdelmoneam AH, Khafagy GM, Elbeh KA, Hasan MDA. Impact of Magnesium and Ferritin Deficiency on Depression Among Adolescent Students. J Prim Care Community Health 2024; 15:21501319241252570. [PMID: 38725390 PMCID: PMC11084980 DOI: 10.1177/21501319241252570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is considered the fourth-leading cause of health problems. It is the fourth-leading cause of health problems and disability, which causes 16% of the worldwide burden of disease and injury among adolescents. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible association of magnesium (Mg) and ferritin deficiency with depression in adolescent students. PATIENTS AND METHODS This case control study in secondary schools at Al-Ghanayem discrete. The total number included was 358 students. All were screened for depression by the Arabic version of the Beck questionnaire. The students who had positive score was selected as cases 86 and a matched same number of students with negative score was selected as controls. Serum level of ferritin and magnesium was measured in the 2 groups. RESULTS There was statistically significant difference between the studied groups when comparing depression grade with each of ferritin and Mg Depressed group cases had lower mean values of ferritin and Mg. The ferritin cut-off level for the prediction of depression was (35.5 μg/dL, which had a sensitivity of 74.4% and a specificity of 75.6%. The magnesium cut-off levels for the prediction of depression were1.95 mg/dL and 104.5 ng/dL which had a sensitivity of 70% and 64%, respectively. CONCLUSION There was a statistically significant negative correlation between depression severity and each of socio-economic status ferritin and Mg. Each of ferritin and Mg were predictors for depression.
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Patel VK, Vaishnaw A, Shirbhate E, Kore R, Singh V, Veerasamy R, Rajak H. Cortisol as a Target for Treating Mental Disorders: A Promising Avenue for Therapy. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:588-600. [PMID: 37861053 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575262104230928042150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Cortisol, commonly known as the "stress hormone," plays a critical role in the body's response to stress. Elevated cortisol levels have been associated with various mental disorders, including anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Consequently, researchers have explored cortisol modulation as a promising avenue for treating these conditions. However, the availability of research on cortisol as a therapeutic option for mental disorders is limited, and existing studies employ diverse methodologies and outcome measures. This review article aimed to provide insights into different treatment approaches, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological, which can effectively modulate cortisol levels. Pharmacological interventions involve the use of substances, such as somatostatin analogs, dopamine agonists, corticotropin-releasing hormone antagonists, and cortisol synthesis inhibitors. Additionally, non-pharmacological techniques, including cognitivebehavioral therapy, herbs and supplements, transcranial magnetic stimulation, lifestyle changes, and surgery, have been investigated to reduce cortisol levels. The emerging evidence suggests that cortisol modulation could be a promising treatment option for mental disorders. However, more research is needed to fully understand the effectiveness and safety of these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Patel
- Pushpendra College of Pharmacy, Ambikapur, Surguja 497101, (C.G.), India
| | - Aayush Vaishnaw
- Dr. C.V. Raman Institute of Pharmacy, Dr. C.V. Raman University, Bilaspur, C.G. 495113, India
| | - Ekta Shirbhate
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur 495 009, (C.G.), India
| | - Rakesh Kore
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur 495 009, (C.G.), India
| | - Vaibhav Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur 495 009, (C.G.), India
| | - Ravichandran Veerasamy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, 08100 Bedong, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia
| | - Harish Rajak
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur 495 009, (C.G.), India
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Souza ACR, Vasconcelos AR, Dias DD, Komoni G, Name JJ. The Integral Role of Magnesium in Muscle Integrity and Aging: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:5127. [PMID: 38140385 PMCID: PMC10745813 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by significant physiological changes, with the degree of decline varying significantly among individuals. The preservation of intrinsic capacity over the course of an individual's lifespan is fundamental for healthy aging. Locomotion, which entails the capacity for independent movement, is intricately connected with various dimensions of human life, including cognition, vitality, sensory perception, and psychological well-being. Notably, skeletal muscle functions as a pivotal nexus within this intricate framework. Any perturbation in its functionality can manifest as compromised physical performance and an elevated susceptibility to frailty. Magnesium is an essential mineral that plays a central role in approximately 800 biochemical reactions within the human body. Its distinctive physical and chemical attributes render it an indispensable stabilizing factor in the orchestration of diverse cellular reactions and organelle functions, thereby rendering it irreplaceable in processes directly impacting muscle health. This narrative review offers a comprehensive exploration of the pivotal role played by magnesium in maintaining skeletal muscle integrity, emphasizing the critical importance of maintaining optimal magnesium levels for promoting healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - José João Name
- Kilyos Assessoria, Cursos e Palestras, São Paulo 01311-100, Brazil; (A.C.R.S.); (A.R.V.); (D.D.D.); (G.K.)
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Cherchir F, Oueslati I, Yazidi M, Chaker F, Chihaoui M. Assessment of quality of life in patients with permanent hypoparathyroidism receiving conventional treatment. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:1617-1623. [PMID: 37975128 PMCID: PMC10638176 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Patients with permanent hypoparathyroidism suffer from multiple complaints and are exposed to long-term complications that might compromise their well-being. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of life (QoL) in patients with permanent hypoparathyroidism receiving conventional therapy and to determine the associated factors. Methods This was a cross-sectional matched case-control study including 53 patients with permanent hypoparathyroidism and 53 matched controls. Biochemical blood parameters (calcium, phosphate, albumin, magnesium, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, creatinine, TSH, and PTH) and 24-hours calciuria were measured in patients with hypoparathyroidism. QoL was assessed in all participants using the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36). Results The study included 53 patients (41 women and 12 men) with hypoparathyroidism receiving conventional therapy.Their mean age was 52.8 ± 16.5 years. In comparison with controls, patients with hypoparathyroidism had significantly lower scores in all eight domains of SF-36 (p < 10- 3). Patients with poor socioeconomic conditions had lower SF-36 scores than those with good conditions.The etiology of hypoparathyroidism, the disease duration, the control of the disease, and the body mass index did not significantly interfere with SF-36 scores. SF-36 total score was negatively correlated with age (r=-0.619, p < 10- 3) and symptoms of hypocalcemia (r=-0.284, p = 0.039), and positively correlated with creatinine clearance (r = 0.559, p < 10- 3), magnesium level (r = 0.345, p = 0.011), and 25 hydroxy-vitamin D level (r = 320, p = 0.021). No significant correlations were found between SF-36 scores and other biological parameters such as calcemia, phosphatemia, phosphocalcic product, PTH, TSH, and calciuria. Conclusion Patients with permanent hypoparathyroidism had impairment in their QoL. Age, socioeconomic conditions, renal function, magnesium level, and 25 hydroxy-vitamin D level may interfere in the decline of the QoL of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten Cherchir
- Department of endocrinology, La Rabta University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ibtissem Oueslati
- Department of endocrinology, La Rabta University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Meriem Yazidi
- Department of endocrinology, La Rabta University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Chaker
- Department of endocrinology, La Rabta University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Melika Chihaoui
- Department of endocrinology, La Rabta University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Morais JBS, Cruz KJC, de Oliveira ARS, Cardoso BEP, da Silva Dias TM, de Sousa Melo SR, Dos Santos LR, Severo JS, de Freitas ST, Henriques GS, da Silva MTB, Oliveira FE, do Nascimento Marreiro D. Association Between Parameters of Cortisol Metabolism, Biomarkers of Minerals (Zinc, Selenium, and Magnesium), and Insulin Resistance and Oxidative Stress in Women with Obesity. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:5677-5691. [PMID: 37039941 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03639-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
This is a cross-sectional study with women divided into a group of those with obesity (n = 80) and a control group (n = 94). Statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS program. There were high values of GPx and TBARS and reduced values of SOD in women with obesity compared to the control group. Obese women showed increased concentrations of cortisol in serum and urine as well as hypozincemia, hyposelenemia, and hypomagnesemia and increased urinary excretion of these minerals. There was a negative correlation between the cortisol/cortisone ratio and erythrocyte zinc and selenium concentrations and a significant positive correlation between GPx and SOD activity and erythrocyte and plasma concentrations of zinc and selenium. The results of the study suggest the influence of adiposity on the increase in cortisol concentrations and the role of this hormone in the compartmentalization of the minerals zinc, selenium, and magnesium. However, the association study does not allow identifying the impact of such action on the antioxidant defense system and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Moisés Tolentino Bento da Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Immuno-Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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16
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Pickering G, Noah L, Pereira B, Goubayon J, Leray V, Touron A, Macian N, Bernard L, Dualé C, Roux V, Chassain C. Assessing brain function in stressed healthy individuals following the use of a combination of green tea, Rhodiola, magnesium, and B vitamins: an fMRI study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1211321. [PMID: 37662591 PMCID: PMC10469327 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1211321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This randomized, controlled, single-blinded trial assessed the effect of magnesium (Mg)-Teadiola (Mg, vitamins B6, B9, B12, Rhodiola, and green tea/L-theanine) versus placebo on the brain response to stressful thermal stimulus in chronically stressed, but otherwise healthy subjects. Impacts on stress-related quality-of-life parameters (depression, anxiety, sleep, and perception of pain) were also explored. Methods The study recruited a total of 40 adults (20 per group), suffering from stress for more than 1 month and scaling ≥14 points on the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS)-42 questionnaire at the time of inclusion. Individuals received oral Mg-Teadiola or placebo for 28 days (D). fMRI analysis was used to visualize the interplay between stress and pain cerebral matrices, using thermal stress model, at baseline (D0) and after D28. Results Based on blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal variations during the stress stimulation (before pain perception), a significantly increased activation between D0 and D28 was observed for left and right frontal area (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively), left and right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) (p = 0.035 and p = 0.04, respectively), and left and right insula (p = 0.034 and p = 0.0402, respectively) in Mg-Teadiola versus placebo group. During thermal pain stimulation, a significantly diminished activation of the pain matrix was observed between D0 and D28, for left and right prefrontal area (both p = 0.001), left and right insula (p = 0.008 and p = 0.019, respectively), and left and right ventral striatum (both p = 0.001) was observed in Mg-Teadiola versus placebo group. These results reinforce the clinical observations, showing a perceived benefit of Mg-Teadiola on several parameters. After 1 month of treatment, DASS-42 stress score significantly decreased in Mg-Teadiola group [effect size (ES) -0.46 (-0.91; -0.01), p = 0.048]. Similar reductions were observed on D14 (p = 0.011) and D56 (p = 0.008). Sensitivity to cold also improved from D0 to D28 for Mg-Teadiola versus placebo [ES 0.47 (0.02; 0.92) p = 0.042]. Conclusion Supplementation with Mg-Teadiola reduced stress on D28 in chronically stressed but otherwise healthy individuals and modulated the stress and pain cerebral matrices during stressful thermal stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisèle Pickering
- Platform of Clinical Investigation Department, University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, INSERM CIC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Department of Pharmacology, University Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Bruno Pereira
- Clinical Research and Innovation Department, University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jonathan Goubayon
- Platform of Clinical Investigation Department, University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, INSERM CIC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Sanofi, Gentilly, France
| | - Vincent Leray
- Platform of Clinical Investigation Department, University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, INSERM CIC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ambre Touron
- Platform of Clinical Investigation Department, University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, INSERM CIC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Macian
- Platform of Clinical Investigation Department, University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, INSERM CIC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lise Bernard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, CHU Clermont Ferrand, ICCF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christian Dualé
- Platform of Clinical Investigation Department, University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, INSERM CIC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Department of Pharmacology, University Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Veronique Roux
- Platform of Clinical Investigation Department, University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, INSERM CIC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Carine Chassain
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Malinowska J, Małecka-Giełdowska M, Pietrucha K, Górska G, Kogut D, Ciepiela O. Massive Transfusion Increases Serum Magnesium Concentration. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5157. [PMID: 37568557 PMCID: PMC10419839 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12155157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The massive transfusion of packed red blood cells (RBCs) is a lifesaving procedure, but it is associated with complications, e.g., dysmagnesemia. Since magnesium is an intracellular ion, the transfused RBCs can significantly influence the magnesium concentration in the recipient's blood. (2) Methods: A retrospective study was performed among 49 patients hospitalized in the Central Clinical Hospital of the Medical University of Warsaw who received a massive blood transfusion (≥4 units/h). Data on laboratory results and patient history were collected from the hospital database. The intracellular RBCs magnesium concentration was measured in 231 samples using the colorimetric method. (3) Results: There were statistically significant changes in the mean serum magnesium concentration preoperatively and 24 h postoperatively (0.87 ± 0.13 vs. 1.03 ± 0.14, p < 0.00001) and 48 h postoperatively (0.87 ± 0.13 vs. 1.06 ± 0.15, p < 0.00001). Patients who died had significantly higher serum magnesium concentrations (p < 0.05). The median intracellular magnesium concentration in RBCs was 0.91 (0.55-1.8) mmol/L, which is below the reference values of 1.65-2.65 mmol/L. (4) Conclusions: Transfused RBCs significantly increased the serum magnesium concentration 24 h and 48 h postoperatively. It could be a result of mild hemolysis, as the median intracellular magnesium concentration in RBCs was below the reference values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Malinowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Milena Małecka-Giełdowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Central Laboratory, Central Teaching Hospital of University Clinical Center, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pietrucha
- Students Scientific Group of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gabriela Górska
- Students Scientific Group of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dagmara Kogut
- Central Laboratory, Central Teaching Hospital of University Clinical Center, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Ciepiela
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Central Laboratory, Central Teaching Hospital of University Clinical Center, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Parisse S, Gianoncelli A, Isani G, Gambaro FL, Andreani G, Malucelli E, Aquilanti G, Carlomagno I, Carletti R, Mischitelli M, Ferri F, Paterna V, Lai Q, Mennini G, Melandro F, Di Gioia C, Rossi M, Iotti S, Fratini M, Ginanni Corradini S. Severity of Hepatocyte Damage and Prognosis in Cirrhotic Patients Correlate with Hepatocyte Magnesium Depletion. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112626. [PMID: 37299589 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the magnesium content in human cirrhotic liver and its correlation with serum AST levels, expression of hepatocellular injury, and MELDNa prognostic score. In liver biopsies obtained at liver transplantation, we measured the magnesium content in liver tissue in 27 cirrhotic patients (CIRs) and 16 deceased donors with healthy liver (CTRLs) by atomic absorption spectrometry and within hepatocytes of 15 CIRs using synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy. In 31 CIRs and 10 CTRLs, we evaluated the immunohistochemical expression in hepatocytes of the transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7), a magnesium influx chanzyme also involved in inflammation. CIRs showed a lower hepatic magnesium content (117.2 (IQR 110.5-132.9) vs. 162.8 (IQR 155.9-169.8) μg/g; p < 0.001) and a higher percentage of TRPM7 positive hepatocytes (53.0 (IQR 36.8-62.0) vs. 20.7 (10.7-32.8)%; p < 0.001) than CTRLs. In CIRs, MELDNa and serum AST at transplant correlated: (a) inversely with the magnesium content both in liver tissue and hepatocytes; and (b) directly with the percentage of hepatocytes stained intensely for TRPM7. The latter also directly correlated with the worsening of MELDNa at transplant compared to waitlisting. Magnesium depletion and overexpression of its influx chanzyme TRPM7 in hepatocytes are associated with severity of hepatocyte injury and prognosis in cirrhosis. These data represent the pathophysiological basis for a possible beneficial effect of magnesium supplementation in cirrhotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Parisse
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 37, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gianoncelli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Gloria Isani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 50055-Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Luigi Gambaro
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathological Anatomy, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Andreani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 50055-Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Emil Malucelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuliana Aquilanti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ilaria Carlomagno
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Raffaella Carletti
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathological Anatomy, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Mischitelli
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 37, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Flaminia Ferri
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 37, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Paterna
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 37, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Quirino Lai
- General Surgery and Organ Transplantation Unit, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Mennini
- General Surgery and Organ Transplantation Unit, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Melandro
- General Surgery and Organ Transplantation Unit, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Cira Di Gioia
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathological Anatomy, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Rossi
- General Surgery and Organ Transplantation Unit, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Iotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Via delle Medaglie d'oro, 305, 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Fratini
- CNR-Institute of Nanotechnology c/o Physics Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 7, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Neurophysics and Neuroimaging (NaN), IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Ginanni Corradini
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 37, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Chen Y, Xiang X, Wu Y, Han S, Huang Z, Wu M. Magnesium Depletion Score Predicts Diabetic Retinopathy Risk among Diabetes: Findings from NHANES 2005-2018. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2750-2756. [PMID: 35989402 PMCID: PMC10073168 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03384-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium is essential for material and energy metabolism. The magnesium depletion score (MDS) is recognized as a more valuable and reliable predictor of body magnesium status than any other clinical used markers such as serum and urine magnesium. However, research on the relationship between MDS and diabetic retinopathy (DR) is limited. As a result, the current study sought to assess this issue in diabetic samples from a large population-based database in the United States. Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2018. MDS was calculated, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate the presence of association between variables and DR risk. A total of 4308 participants was comprised in this study. Samples with DR consumed less magnesium (259.1 ± 113.6 vs 269.8 ± 113.2 mg, P < 0.001), and their MDS levels differed significantly from non-DR participants (P < 0.001). Increased dietary magnesium was linked to a lower incidence of DR (all P for trend < 0.05), and patients with a high level of MDS were more prone to DR (P = 0.001). Furthermore, subgroup analysis revealed that high (Q3) amount magnesium supplements was associated with lower DR risk when MDS was none to low or middle level (both P = 0.02). Our results indicated that MDS levels are associated with DR risk and that magnesium supplementation is benefit to DR prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Soochow University, 215031, Suzhou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changshu No. 2 People's Hospital, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - Xiaoli Xiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changshu No. 2 People's Hospital, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - Yangyang Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Shaojie Han
- Gushu College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Zhengru Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changshu No. 2 People's Hospital, Changshu, 215500, China.
| | - Miaoqin Wu
- Soochow University, 215031, Suzhou, China.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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Zielińska M, Łuszczki E, Dereń K. Dietary Nutrient Deficiencies and Risk of Depression (Review Article 2018-2023). Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112433. [PMID: 37299394 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is classified as one of the most common mental disorders. Its prevalence has recently increased, becoming a growing public health threat. This review focuses on clarifying the role and importance of individual nutrients in the diet and the impact of nutrient deficiencies on the risk of depression. Deficiencies in nutrients such as protein, B vitamins, vitamin D, magnesium, zinc, selenium, iron, calcium, and omega-3 fatty acids have a significant impact on brain and nervous system function, which can affect the appearance of depressive symptoms. However, it is important to remember that diet in itself is not the only factor influencing the risk of or helping to treat depression. There are many other aspects, such as physical activity, sleep, stress management, and social support, that also play an important role in maintaining mental health. The data review observed that most of the available analyses are based on cross-sectional studies. Further studies, including prospective cohort, case-control studies, are recommended to draw more reliable conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zielińska
- Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Edyta Łuszczki
- Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dereń
- Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
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21
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Kozin S, Kravtsov A, Ivashchenko L, Dotsenko V, Vasilyeva L, Vasilyev A, Tekutskaya E, Aksenov N, Baryshev M, Dorohova A, Fedulova L, Dzhimak S. Study of the Magnesium Comenate Structure, Its Neuroprotective and Stress-Protective Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098046. [PMID: 37175753 PMCID: PMC10178379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The crystal structure and the biological activity of a new coordination compound of magnesium ions with comenic acid, magnesium comenate, was characterized and studied. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the compound was investigated in detail using elemental X-ray fluorescent analysis, thermal analysis, IR-Fourier spectrometry, UV spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Based on experimental analytical data, the empirical formula of magnesium comenate [Mg(HCom)2(H2O)6]·2H2O was established. This complex compound crystallizes with eight water molecules, six of which are the hydration shell of the Mg2+ cation, and two more molecules bind the [Mg(H2O)6]2+ aquacation with ionized ligand molecules by intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The packing of molecules in the crystal lattice is stabilized by a branched system of hydrogen bonds with the participation of solvate water molecules and oxygen atoms of various functional groups of ionized ligand molecules. With regard to the biological activity of magnesium comenate, a neuroprotective, stress-protective, and antioxidant effect was established in in vitro and in vivo models. In in vitro experiments, magnesium comenate protected cerebellar neurons from the toxic effects of glutamate and contributed to the preservation of neurite growth parameters under oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide. In animal studies, magnesium comenate had a stress-protective and antioxidant effect in models of immobilization-cold stress. Oral administration of magnesium comenate at a dose of 2 mg/kg of animal body weight for 3 days before stress exposure and for 3 days during the stress period led to a decrease in oxidative damage and normalization of the antioxidant system of brain tissues against the background of induced stress. The obtained results indicate the advisability of further studies of magnesium comenate as a compound potentially applicable in medicine for the pharmacological correction of conditions associated with oxidative and excitotoxic damage to nerve cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kozin
- Physics and Technology Faculty, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
- Laboratory of Problems of Stable Isotope Spreading in Living Systems, Federal Research Center the Southern Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
- Laboratory of Technologies for the Production of Physiologically Active Substances, Kuban State Technological University, 350072 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Alexandr Kravtsov
- Physics and Technology Faculty, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
- Laboratory of Problems of Stable Isotope Spreading in Living Systems, Federal Research Center the Southern Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
- Laboratory of Technologies for the Production of Physiologically Active Substances, Kuban State Technological University, 350072 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Lev Ivashchenko
- Laboratory of Technologies for the Production of Physiologically Active Substances, Kuban State Technological University, 350072 Krasnodar, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry and High Technologies, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Victor Dotsenko
- Faculty of Chemistry and High Technologies, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Lada Vasilyeva
- Faculty of Chemistry and High Technologies, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Alexander Vasilyev
- Faculty of Chemistry and High Technologies, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Elena Tekutskaya
- Physics and Technology Faculty, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Nicolai Aksenov
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, North Caucasus Federal University, 355017 Stavropol, Russia
| | - Mikhail Baryshev
- Physics and Technology Faculty, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
- Laboratory of Problems of Stable Isotope Spreading in Living Systems, Federal Research Center the Southern Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Anna Dorohova
- Physics and Technology Faculty, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
- Laboratory of Problems of Stable Isotope Spreading in Living Systems, Federal Research Center the Southern Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Lilia Fedulova
- Experimental Clinic-Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances of Animal Origin, The V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 109316 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stepan Dzhimak
- Physics and Technology Faculty, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
- Laboratory of Problems of Stable Isotope Spreading in Living Systems, Federal Research Center the Southern Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
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22
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Macías Ruiz MDC, Cuenca Bermejo L, Veronese N, Fernández Villalba E, González Cuello AM, Kublickiene K, Raparelli V, Norris CM, Kautzky-Willer A, Pilote L, Barbagallo M, Dominguez L, Herrero MT. Magnesium in Kidney Function and Disease-Implications for Aging and Sex-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:1710. [PMID: 37049550 PMCID: PMC10097335 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) has a vital role in the human body, and the kidney is a key organ in the metabolism and excretion of this cation. The objective of this work is to compile the available evidence regarding the role that Mg plays in health and disease, with a special focus on the elderly population with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the eventual sex differences. A narrative review was carried out by executing an exhaustive search in the PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases. Ten studies were found in which the role of Mg and sex was evaluated in elderly patients with CKD in the last 10 years (2012-2022). The progression of CKD leads to alterations in mineral metabolism, which worsen as the disease progresses. Mg can be used as a coadjuvant in the treatment of CKD patients to improve glomerular filtration, but its use in clinical applications needs to be further characterized. In conclusion, there's a need for well-designed prospective clinical trials to advise and standardize Mg supplementation in daily clinical practice, taking age and sex into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- María del Carmen Macías Ruiz
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE), Institute for Aging Research, Biomedical Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), School of Medicine, Campus Mare Nostrum, UniWell, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Lorena Cuenca Bermejo
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE), Institute for Aging Research, Biomedical Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), School of Medicine, Campus Mare Nostrum, UniWell, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Emiliano Fernández Villalba
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE), Institute for Aging Research, Biomedical Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), School of Medicine, Campus Mare Nostrum, UniWell, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana María González Cuello
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE), Institute for Aging Research, Biomedical Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), School of Medicine, Campus Mare Nostrum, UniWell, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Karolina Kublickiene
- Department of Renal Medicine, Institution for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valeria Raparelli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Colleen M. Norris
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Cardiovascular and Stroke Strategic Clinical Network, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB T5J 3E4, Canada
| | - Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Louise Pilote
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Mario Barbagallo
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ligia Dominguez
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, 94100 Enna, Italy
| | - María Trinidad Herrero
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE), Institute for Aging Research, Biomedical Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), School of Medicine, Campus Mare Nostrum, UniWell, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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23
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Chou MH, Yang YK, Wang JD, Lin CY, Lin SH. Elevated C-Reactive Protein Levels Modify the Effect of Magnesium on Depressive Symptoms: A Population-Based Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071560. [PMID: 37049401 PMCID: PMC10097277 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a profound public health concern, yet its etiology remains unclear. A body's magnesium status and low-grade systemic inflammation are associated with depression. However, the interaction of magnesium status and inflammation on depression/depressive symptoms is unknown. We assessed the association between serum magnesium levels and depressive symptoms by analyzing data from the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan 2005-2008. In total, 2196 participants aged ≥20 years were included. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 5-item Brief-Symptom Rating Scale. We performed logistic regression and multiple linear regression analyses to examine the association. A dose-response analysis was performed using restricted cubic spline models, and stratification by chronic inflammation was also performed. We found that higher serum magnesium levels were associated with lower depression scores and a lower risk of depression. In the subgroup analysis, serum magnesium levels were inversely associated with depressive symptoms more prominently among people with higher CRP levels, with a threshold at 5 mg/L (≥5 vs. <5) showing a greater difference than at 3 mg/L (≥3 vs. <3). Conclusions: Serum magnesium levels were inversely associated with depressive symptoms. This inverse association was affected by inflammation level. A dose-response relationship was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hui Chou
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Yen Kuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan 700, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Der Wang
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
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24
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Dibasic Magnesium Hypochlorite as an Oxidant to Tune Pasting Properties of Potato Starch in One Step. CHEMENGINEERING 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering7020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Modified starches are used widely in the food industry but often have a low nutritional value, lacking minerals vital for the human body, such as magnesium. Magnesium addition to native starches has been shown to result in changes in pasting properties. However, little work has been done on the addition of magnesium and other divalent cations to highly oxidised starches. In this work, we used dibasic magnesium hypochlorite (DMH) to oxidise potato starch to an industrially relevant degree of oxidation while at the same time introducing magnesium into the starch structure. We found that magnesium incorporation changes the pasting properties of starch and increases the gelatinisation temperature significantly, possibly due to an ionic cross-linking effect. These properties resemble the properties found for heat-moisture-treated potato starches. This change in properties was found to be reversible by performing a straightforward exchange of metal cations, either from sodium to magnesium or from magnesium to sodium. We show in this work the potential of the addition of divalent cations to highly oxidised starches in modifying the rheological and pasting properties of these starches and at the same time adding possible health benefits to modified starches by introducing magnesium.
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25
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The Association of Serum and Dietary Magnesium with Depressive Symptoms. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030774. [PMID: 36771478 PMCID: PMC9920676 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a leading cause of the global burden of disease and has a multifactorial etiology that includes nutrients. Magnesium status has been associated with depression with inconclusive results. The impact of chronic latent magnesium deficiency (CLMD, 0.75 ≤ serum magnesium < 0.85 mmol/L) on depression has not yet been investigated. We assessed the association between serum magnesium levels/dietary magnesium intake and depressive symptoms by analyzing nationally representative data from Taiwan (Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan, NAHSIT). We used the 5-item Brief Symptom Rating Scale to measure depressive symptoms. Subgroup analysis by sex was also performed. Serum magnesium levels had a low correlation with dietary magnesium intake. Higher serum magnesium levels were associated with lower depressive scores and a lower risk of depressive symptoms, but dietary magnesium intake showed no association. Sex differences were found. Compared with subjects with serum magnesium <0.75 mmol/L, those with ≥0.85 mmol/L had lower depressive scores. In conclusion, serum magnesium was inversely associated with depressive symptoms, but dietary magnesium intake was not. Subjects with CLMD showed similar depressive scores and were at a similar risk of depressive symptoms to those with serum magnesium < 0.75 mmol/L. CLMD should be considered while assessing the association between magnesium status and depressive symptoms.
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26
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Mitochondrial Aging and Senolytic Natural Products with Protective Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416219. [PMID: 36555859 PMCID: PMC9784569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Living organisms do not disregard the laws of thermodynamics and must therefore consume energy for their survival. In this way, cellular energy exchanges, which aim above all at the production of ATP, a fundamental molecule used by the cell for its metabolisms, favor the formation of waste products that, if not properly disposed of, can contribute to cellular aging and damage. Numerous genes have been linked to aging, with some favoring it (gerontogenes) and others blocking it (longevity pathways). Animal model studies have shown that calorie restriction (CR) may promote longevity pathways, but given the difficult application of CR in humans, research is investigating the use of CR-mimetic substances capable of producing the same effect. These include some phytonutrients such as oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, epigallo-catechin-gallate, fisetin, quercetin, and curcumin and minerals such as magnesium and selenium. Some of them also have senolytic effects, which promote the apoptosis of defective cells that accumulate over the years (senescent cells) and disrupt normal metabolism. In this article, we review the properties of these natural elements that can promote a longer and healthier life.
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27
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Hernández-Flores TDJ, Pedraza-Brindis EJ, Cárdenas-Bedoya J, Ruíz-Carrillo JD, Méndez-Clemente AS, Martínez-Guzmán MA, Iñiguez-Gutiérrez L. Role of Micronutrients and Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in COVID-19 Recovery. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12324. [PMID: 36293182 PMCID: PMC9604189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A balanced and varied diet provides diverse beneficial effects on health, such as adequate micronutrient availability and a gut microbiome in homeostasis. Besides their participation in biochemical processes as cofactors and coenzymes, vitamins and minerals have an immunoregulatory function; meanwhile, gut microbiota and its metabolites coordinate directly and indirectly the cell response through the interaction with the host receptors. Malnourishment is a crucial risk factor for several pathologies, and its involvement during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic has been reported. This pandemic has caused a significant decline in the worldwide population, especially those with chronic diseases, reduced physical activity, and elder age. Diet and gut microbiota composition are probable causes for this susceptibility, and its supplementation can play a role in reestablishing microbial homeostasis and improving immunity response against Coronavirus Disease 2019 infection and recovery. This study reviews the role of micronutrients and microbiomes in the risk of infection, the severity of disease, and the Coronavirus Disease 2019 sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresita de Jesús Hernández-Flores
- Departamento de Disciplinas Filosófico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigación de Inmunodeficiencias y VIH, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Guadalajara 44280, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Eliza Julia Pedraza-Brindis
- Departamento de Aparatos y Sistemas I, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44670, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jhonathan Cárdenas-Bedoya
- Departamento de Disciplinas Filosófico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Inmunodeficiencias y Retrovirus Humanos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - José Daniel Ruíz-Carrillo
- Clínica Medicina Familiar 1 del ISSSTE “Dr. Arturo González Guzmán”, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Anibal Samael Méndez-Clemente
- Instituto de Investigación de Inmunodeficiencias y VIH, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Guadalajara 44280, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Marco Alonso Martínez-Guzmán
- Departamento de Aparatos y Sistemas I, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44670, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Liliana Iñiguez-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Investigación de Inmunodeficiencias y VIH, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Guadalajara 44280, Jalisco, Mexico
- Departamento de Aparatos y Sistemas I, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44670, Jalisco, Mexico
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Fotache PA, Mititelu-Tartau L, Bogdan M, Buca BR, Pavel LL, Pelin AM, Meca AD, Tartau CG, Popa GE. Magnesium Potentiates the Vortioxetine’s Effects on Physical Performances and Biological Changes in Exercise-Induced Stress in Rats. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58101363. [PMID: 36295524 PMCID: PMC9610293 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58101363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: Vortioxetine (VRT) is a relatively new selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant and serotonin receptor modulator, approved for the treatment of major depression and generalized anxiety disorder. Depression has been linked with psychomotor disengagement, oxidative stress burden and decreased blood levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In our study we performed the experimental investigation of VRT, magnesium and of their association on the rats’ endurance capacity, motor behavior and blood biological disturbances in rats subjected to forced exercise in treadmill test. Materials and Methods: The substances were administered orally for 14 consecutive days, as follows: group 1 (control): distilled water 0.3 mL/100 g body; group 2 (Mg): magnesium chloride 200 mg/kg body; group 3 (VRT): VRT 20 mg/kg body; group 4 (VRT+Mg): VRT 20 mg/kg body + magnesium chloride 200 mg/kg body. Magnesium was used as positive control substance with known effects in treadmill test. The consequences of VRT treatment on glucose, cortisol, BDNF and oxidative stress biomarkers (superoxide-dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione-peroxidase, lactate dehydrogenase) were also assessed. Results and conclusions: The use of VRT resulted in an improvement in motor capacity and an increase of the rats’ endurance to physical effort. The administration of VRT increased the serum BDNF levels and reduced the oxidative stress in rats subjected to physical effort. The association of magnesium potentiated the effects of VRT on physical performances, the antioxidant activity and the decreasing in serum stress markers in treadmill test in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Alina Fotache
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Liliana Mititelu-Tartau
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (L.M.-T.); (M.B.)
| | - Maria Bogdan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence: (L.M.-T.); (M.B.)
| | - Beatrice Rozalina Buca
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Liliana Lacramioara Pavel
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, 800010 Galați, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Pelin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, 800010 Galați, Romania
| | - Andreea-Daniela Meca
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Cosmin-Gabriel Tartau
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gratiela Eliza Popa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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29
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Aldakheel RK, Gondal MA, Alsayed HN, Almessiere MA, Nasr MM, Shemsi AM. Rapid Determination and Quantification of Nutritional and Poisonous Metals in Vastly Consumed Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine (Rejuvenator Shilajit) by Humans Using Three Advanced Analytical Techniques. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:4199-4216. [PMID: 34800280 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Shilajit is used commonly as Ayurvedic medicine worldwide which is Rasayana herbo-mineral substance and consumed to restore the energetic balance and to prevent diseases like cognitive disorders and Alzheimer. Locally, Shilajit is applied for patients diagnosed with bone fractures. For safety of the patients, the elemental analysis of Shilajit is imperative to evaluate its nutritional quality as well as contamination from heavy metals. The elemental composition of Shilajit was conducted using three advanced analytical techniques (LIBS, ICP, and EDX). For the comparative studies, the two Shilajit kinds mostly sold globally produced in India and Pakistan were collected. Our main focus is to highlight nutritional eminence and contamination of heavy metals to hinge on Shilajit therapeutic potential. In this work, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was applied for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the Shilajit. Our LIBS analysis revealed that Shilajit samples composed of several elements like Ca, S, K, Mg, Al, Na, Sr, Fe, P, Si, Mn, Ba, Zn, Ni, B, Cr, Co, Pb, Cu, As, Hg, Se, and Ti. Indian and Pakistani Shilajits were highly enriched with Ca, S, and K nutrients and contained Al, Sr, Mn, Ba, Zn, Ni, B, Cr, Pb, As, and Hg toxins in amounts that exceeded the standard permissible limit. Even though the content of most elements was comparable among both Shilajits, nutrients, and toxins, in general, were accentuated more in Indian Shilajit with the sole detection of Hg and Ti. The elemental quantification was done using self-developed calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) method, and LIBS results are in well agreement with the concentrations determined by standard ICP-OES/MS method. To verify our results by LIBS and ICP-OES/MS techniques, EDX spectroscopy was also conducted which confirmed the presence above mentioned elements. This work is highly significant for creating awareness among people suffering due to overdose of this product and save many human lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Aldakheel
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Gondal
- Laser Research Group, Physics Department, IRC-Hydrogen & Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
- K.A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hasan N Alsayed
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University and King Fahd Hospital of the University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Almessiere
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - M M Nasr
- Physics Department, Riyadh Elm University, P.O. Box 321815, Riyadh, 11343, Saudi Arabia
| | - A M Shemsi
- Center for Environment and Marine Study, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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Opanković A, Milovanović S, Radosavljević B, Čavić M, Besu Žižak I, Bukumirić Z, Latas M, Medić B, Vučković S, Srebro D, Savić Vujović K. Correlation of Ionized Magnesium with the Parameters of Oxidative Stress as Potential Biomarkers in Patients with Anxiety and Depression: A Pilot Study. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221116741. [PMID: 35898727 PMCID: PMC9310223 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221116741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Magnesium (Mg) is the second most abundant intracellular cation. Ionized Mg is the only active form of Mg. The concentration of ionized Mg could be a potentially novel biomarker for anxiety and depression. Aim The aim of this study was to assess the serum concentration of ionized Mg and its correlation with biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with anxiety and depression. Methods In this study included 93 respondents were divided into 3 groups: C (control group—18 respondents); A (patients with anxiety disorder, dissociative/conversion disorders and somatoform disorders—36 patients); D (patients with depression—39 patients). Clinical diagnosis was based on ICD-10 criteria. Blood samples were used for standard laboratory analysis, ionized Mg analysis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory parameters. Results Statistical significance was recorded between healthy volunteers and patients (anxiety/depression) in ionized Mg values. In anxious patients, malondialdehyde (MDA) had a positive correlation between the parameters of oxidative stress with ionized Mg. In depressive patients, MDA had a positive correlation, and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) a negative correlation with the concentration of ionized Mg. Conclusion Ionized Mg and its correlation with parameters of oxidative stress could be potential biomarkers in anxious and depressive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Opanković
- Clinical Centre of Serbia, Clinic for Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srđan Milovanović
- Clinical Centre of Serbia, Clinic for Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branimir Radosavljević
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Čavić
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irina Besu Žižak
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Bukumirić
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Latas
- Clinical Centre of Serbia, Clinic for Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branislava Medić
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Vučković
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Srebro
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Savić Vujović
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Kaneko S, Ookawara S, Morishita Y. Clinical Factors Associated with Serum Magnesium Concentration in Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis: A Single-Center Observational Study. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2022; 15:185-195. [PMID: 35637657 PMCID: PMC9148175 DOI: 10.2147/ijnrd.s357130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Magnesium (Mg) is an essential element that is associated with various physiological functions, such as maintenance of blood pressure, muscle contraction, and nerve function. In patients undergoing hemodialysis, hypomagnesemia is associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. However, in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD), clinical factors associated with Mg have not been fully investigated. Patients and Methods Clinical factors including anthropometric data, comorbidities, laboratory data, medications, and dialysis methods were collected from the medical records of patients undergoing PD. The associations of these factors with the serum Mg concentration were investigated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Sixty patients undergoing PD were investigated. The univariate analysis showed that the serum Mg concentration was significantly associated with treatment by hybrid PD (daily PD + once-weekly hemodialysis) (β = 0.264, P = 0.04), administration of phosphate binders (β = 0.294, P = 0.02), the serum C-reactive protein concentration (β = -0.318, P = 0.01), the serum potassium (K) concentration (β = 0.451, P < 0.01), and the serum intact parathormone concentration (β = -0.333, P = 0.01). The multivariate analysis using these factors showed an independent association between the serum Mg and K concentrations (β = 0.333, P = 0.01). Conclusion The serum Mg concentration was independently associated with the serum K concentration in patients undergoing PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Kaneko
- Department of Nephrology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Susumu Ookawara
- Department of Nephrology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Morishita
- Department of Nephrology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
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Macian N, Dualé C, Voute M, Leray V, Courrent M, Bodé P, Giron F, Sonneville S, Bernard L, Joanny F, Menard K, Ducheix G, Pereira B, Pickering G. Short-Term Magnesium Therapy Alleviates Moderate Stress in Patients with Fibromyalgia: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:2088. [PMID: 35631229 PMCID: PMC9145501 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients suffering from fibromyalgia often report stress and pain, with both often refractory to usual drug treatment. Magnesium supplementation seems to improve fibromyalgia symptoms, but the level of evidence is still poor. This study is a randomized, controlled, double-blind trial in fibromyalgia patients that compared once a day oral magnesium 100 mg (Chronomag®, magnesium chloride technology formula) to placebo, for 1 month. The primary endpoint was the level of stress on the DASS-42 scale, and secondary endpoints were pain, sleep, quality of life, fatigue, catastrophism, social vulnerability, and magnesium blood concentrations. After 1 month of treatment, the DASS-42 score decreased in the magnesium and placebo groups but not significantly (21.8 ± 9.6 vs. 21.6 ± 10.8, respectively, p = 0.930). Magnesium supplementation significantly reduced the mild/moderate stress subgroup (DASS-42 stress score: 22.1 ± 2.8 to 12.3 ± 7.0 in magnesium vs. 21.9 ± 11.9 to 22.9 ± 11.9 in placebo, p = 0.003). Pain severity diminished significantly (p = 0.029) with magnesium while the other parameters were not significantly different between both groups. These findings show, for the first time, that magnesium improves mild/moderate stress and reduces the pain experience in fibromyalgia patients. This suggests that daily magnesium could be a useful treatment to improve the burden of disease of fibromyalgia patients and calls for a larger clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Macian
- Platform of Clinical Investigation Department, INSERM CIC 1405, University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (C.D.); (M.V.); (V.L.); (M.C.); (P.B.); (F.G.); (S.S.); (K.M.); (G.D.); (G.P.)
| | - Christian Dualé
- Platform of Clinical Investigation Department, INSERM CIC 1405, University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (C.D.); (M.V.); (V.L.); (M.C.); (P.B.); (F.G.); (S.S.); (K.M.); (G.D.); (G.P.)
- INSERM 1107, University Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marion Voute
- Platform of Clinical Investigation Department, INSERM CIC 1405, University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (C.D.); (M.V.); (V.L.); (M.C.); (P.B.); (F.G.); (S.S.); (K.M.); (G.D.); (G.P.)
| | - Vincent Leray
- Platform of Clinical Investigation Department, INSERM CIC 1405, University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (C.D.); (M.V.); (V.L.); (M.C.); (P.B.); (F.G.); (S.S.); (K.M.); (G.D.); (G.P.)
| | - Marion Courrent
- Platform of Clinical Investigation Department, INSERM CIC 1405, University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (C.D.); (M.V.); (V.L.); (M.C.); (P.B.); (F.G.); (S.S.); (K.M.); (G.D.); (G.P.)
| | - Paula Bodé
- Platform of Clinical Investigation Department, INSERM CIC 1405, University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (C.D.); (M.V.); (V.L.); (M.C.); (P.B.); (F.G.); (S.S.); (K.M.); (G.D.); (G.P.)
| | - Fatiha Giron
- Platform of Clinical Investigation Department, INSERM CIC 1405, University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (C.D.); (M.V.); (V.L.); (M.C.); (P.B.); (F.G.); (S.S.); (K.M.); (G.D.); (G.P.)
| | - Sylvie Sonneville
- Platform of Clinical Investigation Department, INSERM CIC 1405, University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (C.D.); (M.V.); (V.L.); (M.C.); (P.B.); (F.G.); (S.S.); (K.M.); (G.D.); (G.P.)
| | - Lise Bernard
- Clinical Research/Temporary Authorization Department, University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Fabienne Joanny
- FJ Recherche et Developpement, Research Organization, 230 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré, F-75008 Paris, France;
| | - Katell Menard
- Platform of Clinical Investigation Department, INSERM CIC 1405, University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (C.D.); (M.V.); (V.L.); (M.C.); (P.B.); (F.G.); (S.S.); (K.M.); (G.D.); (G.P.)
| | - Gilles Ducheix
- Platform of Clinical Investigation Department, INSERM CIC 1405, University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (C.D.); (M.V.); (V.L.); (M.C.); (P.B.); (F.G.); (S.S.); (K.M.); (G.D.); (G.P.)
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Clinical Research and Innovation Department, University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Gisèle Pickering
- Platform of Clinical Investigation Department, INSERM CIC 1405, University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (C.D.); (M.V.); (V.L.); (M.C.); (P.B.); (F.G.); (S.S.); (K.M.); (G.D.); (G.P.)
- INSERM 1107, University Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Noah L, Morel V, Bertin C, Pouteau E, Macian N, Dualé C, Pereira B, Pickering G. Effect of a Combination of Magnesium, B Vitamins, Rhodiola, and Green Tea (L-Theanine) on Chronically Stressed Healthy Individuals-A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091863. [PMID: 35565828 PMCID: PMC9102162 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of a combination of magnesium, vitamins B6, B9, B12, rhodiola and green tea/L-theanine (Mg-Teadiola) on stress was evaluated in chronically stressed, otherwise healthy individuals. Effects on stress-related quality-of-life parameters (sleep and perception of pain) were also explored. Adults with stress for ≥1 month, scoring ≥14 points on the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS)-42 questionnaire, were randomized (1:1) to receive oral Mg-Teadiola (n = 49) or a placebo (n = 51), for 28 days, with a follow-up assessment on Day 56 (NCT04391452). The primary endpoint was the change in the DASS-42 stress score from baseline to Day 28 with Mg-Teadiola versus placebo. The DASS-42 stress scores significantly decreased from baseline to Day 28 with Mg-Teadiola versus placebo (effect size, 0.29; 95% CI [0.01, 0.57]; p = 0.04). Similar reductions were observed on Day 14 (p = 0.006) and Day 56 (p = 0.02). A significant reduction in sensitivity to cold pain (p = 0.01) and a trend for lower sensitivity to warm pain was observed (p = 0.06) on Day 28. Improvements in daytime dysfunction due to sleepiness (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index-7 component score) were reported on Day 28, and were significant on Day 56 (p < 0.001). Mg-Teadiola is effective in managing stress in otherwise healthy individuals. Its beneficial effects on sleep and pain perception need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Noah
- Sanofi, 82, Avenue Raspail, 94250 Gentilly, France; (C.B.); (E.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Veronique Morel
- CIC INSERM 1405/Plateforme d’Investigation Clinique CHU Gabriel Montpied, 58 Rue Montalembert, CEDEX 1, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (V.M.); (N.M.); (C.D.); (B.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Claire Bertin
- Sanofi, 82, Avenue Raspail, 94250 Gentilly, France; (C.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Etienne Pouteau
- Sanofi, 82, Avenue Raspail, 94250 Gentilly, France; (C.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Nicolas Macian
- CIC INSERM 1405/Plateforme d’Investigation Clinique CHU Gabriel Montpied, 58 Rue Montalembert, CEDEX 1, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (V.M.); (N.M.); (C.D.); (B.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Christian Dualé
- CIC INSERM 1405/Plateforme d’Investigation Clinique CHU Gabriel Montpied, 58 Rue Montalembert, CEDEX 1, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (V.M.); (N.M.); (C.D.); (B.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Bruno Pereira
- CIC INSERM 1405/Plateforme d’Investigation Clinique CHU Gabriel Montpied, 58 Rue Montalembert, CEDEX 1, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (V.M.); (N.M.); (C.D.); (B.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Gisèle Pickering
- CIC INSERM 1405/Plateforme d’Investigation Clinique CHU Gabriel Montpied, 58 Rue Montalembert, CEDEX 1, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (V.M.); (N.M.); (C.D.); (B.P.); (G.P.)
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Ajeigbe KO, Oladokun OO, Owonikoko MW, Adegoke GA. Effect of coconut water and milk on heat stress-induced gastrointestinal tract dysmotility in rats: Role of oxidative stress and inflammatory response. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14129. [PMID: 35298033 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The potential effects of coconut water (CCW) and milk (CCM) on gastrointestinal motility {intestinal transit (IT), intestinal fluid accumulation (IFA) and colonic motility}, tissue oxidative, and inflammatory responses in heat-stressed rats were investigated. There were four (4) temperature exposure groups; (i) Control at 30°C, (CON), (ii) heat-stressed (HS) group exposed to the ambiance of 40°C, (iii) heat-stressed pre-treated with coconut water (HS+ CCW), and (iv) coconut milk (HS + CCM). Skin temperatures (ST) and rectal temperatures (RT) were taken daily, before and after 2 hr heat exposure. GE, IT, and IFA were assessed using standard methods while colonic motility was assessed by colonic bead expulsion (CBE) time after the 14-day exposure. Serum cortisol and lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities, inflammatory cytokines in intestinal samples were assessed. Stomach and intestinal morphology were equally examined on histomorphometry. Increased GE, IT, IFA, and colonic motility were observed in HS. CCW and CCM reversed the increases in GE, IT, IFA, and colonic motility in the heat-stressed rats (p < .05). Elevated serum cortisol level and intestinal MDA were significantly reduced in the CCW and CCM treated. Tissue GPx, T-AOC, and T-SOD were all enhanced in HS + CCW and HS + CCM. While tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were suppressed in the HS group, interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were enhanced with CCW and CCM. Altered intestinal morphology in the HS was also significantly mitigated by CCW and CCM. We showed that coconut water and milk could ameliorate intestinal dysmotility associated with heat stress via oxidative stress reduction and suppression of inflammatory responses. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Heat stress impacts negatively on intestinal health and integrity in both humans and animals via oxidative stress and inflammation. Conversely, coconut has demonstrated anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties in health and medicinal applications. From the findings of this study, coconut water and milk display beneficial potentials against the untoward heat stress effect on gastrointestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olayemi Olutobi Oladokun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Igbinedion University, Okada, Nigeria
| | - Mathew Wasiu Owonikoko
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Igbinedion University, Okada, Nigeria
| | - Gbemisola Adeoti Adegoke
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Igbinedion University, Okada, Nigeria
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Exploring the Immune-Boosting Functions of Vitamins and Minerals as Nutritional Food Bioactive Compounds: A Comprehensive Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27020555. [PMID: 35056870 PMCID: PMC8779769 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Food components have long been recognized to play a fundamental role in the growth and development of the human body, conferring protective functionalities against foreign matter that can be severe public health problems. Micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals are essential to the human body, and individuals must meet their daily requirements through dietary sources. Micronutrients act as immunomodulators and protect the host immune response, thus preventing immune evasion by pathogenic organisms. Several experimental investigations have been undertaken to appraise the immunomodulatory functions of vitamins and minerals. Based on these experimental findings, this review describes the immune-boosting functionalities of micronutrients and the mechanisms of action through which these functions are mediated. Deficiencies of vitamins and minerals in plasma concentrations can lead to a reduction in the performance of the immune system functioning, representing a key contributor to unfavorable immunological states. This review provides a descriptive overview of the characteristics of the immune system and the utilization of micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) in preventative strategies designed to reduce morbidity and mortality among patients suffering from immune invasions or autoimmune disorders.
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Wang J, Lin S, Li HY, Tang W, Liu Y, Zhou T. Influencing factors of serum magnesium in CKD5 patients: A multicenter study in southern China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1047602. [PMID: 36589976 PMCID: PMC9794747 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1047602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Magnesium (Mg) disturbances are related to cardiac, bone, and renal patient mortality. In this study, we compared biochemical markers in hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and explored the influencing factors of serum Mg in stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD5) patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS All 598 patients with CKD5 from three medical centers in South China were recruited into this prospective cohort study from March 1, 2018, to January 31, 2021. Our study recorded the clinical characteristics and laboratory data of the patients. RESULTS Hemodialysis patients (0.99 ± 0.19 mmol/L) had a higher mean serum Mg level than PD patients (0.86 ± 0.20 mmol/L; p < 0.01). Regression analysis showed that only corrected calcium (Ca), phosphate (P), Ca/Mg, Ca × P, albumin (Alb), total protein and creatine (Cr) predicted Mg levels in CKD5 patients (p < 0.01). Ca/Mg predicts hypomagnesemia with 78% sensitivity and 85% specificity in CKD5 patients. The AUC value corresponding to Ca/Mg was 0.88. CONCLUSIONS This multicenter study in southern China showed that for all CKD5 patients, corrected Ca and Alb had a significant positive effect on serum Mg, while Ca/Mg had a significant negative effect on serum Mg. In 123 HD patients, Ca × P was positively associated with Mg while Ca/Mg and P were negatively associated with Mg. In 398 PD patients, Ca × P, Alb, and total protein were positively associated with Mg while Ca/Mg and P were negatively associated with Mg. In 77 non-dialysis patients, corrected Ca, Cr, and total protein were positively associated with Mg while Ca/Mg was negatively associated with Mg. Furthermore, Ca/Mg might be another useful technique to monitor blood Mg levels in CKD5 patients. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR1800014557.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Shujun Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hong-Yan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenzhuang Tang
- Department of Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yiping Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Tianbiao Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- *Correspondence: Tianbiao Zhou
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Storz MA. Lifestyle Adjustments in Long-COVID Management: Potential Benefits of Plant-Based Diets. Curr Nutr Rep 2021; 10:352-363. [PMID: 34506003 PMCID: PMC8429479 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-021-00369-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The SARS-CoV-2-pandemic has caused mortality and morbidity at an unprecedented global scale. Many patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 continue to experience symptoms after the acute phase of infection and report fatigue, sleep difficulties, anxiety, and depression as well as arthralgia and muscle weakness. Summarized under the umbrella term “long-COVID,” these symptoms may last weeks to months and impose a substantial burden on affected individuals. Dietary approaches to tackle these complications have received comparably little attention. Although plant-based diets in particular were shown to exert benefits on underlying conditions linked to poor COVID-19 outcomes, their role with regard to COVID-19 sequelae is yet largely unknown. Thus, this review sought to investigate whether a plant-based diet could reduce the burden of long-COVID. Recent Findings The number of clinical trials investigating the role of plant-based nutrition in COVID-19 prevention and management is currently limited. Yet, there is evidence from pre-pandemic observational and clinical studies that a plant-based diet may be of general benefit with regard to several clinical conditions that can also be found in individuals with COVID-19. These include anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, and musculoskeletal pain. Adoption of a plant-based diet leads to a reduced intake in pro-inflammatory mediators and could be one accessible strategy to tackle long-COVID associated prolonged systemic inflammation. Summary Plant-based diets may be of general benefit with regard to some of the most commonly found COVID-19 sequelae. Additional trials investigating which plant-based eating patterns confer the greatest benefit in the battle against long-COVID are urgently warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Andreas Storz
- Centre for Complementary Medicine, Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
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Pickering ME. Cross-Talks between the Cardiovascular Disease-Sarcopenia-Osteoporosis Triad and Magnesium in Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169102. [PMID: 34445808 PMCID: PMC8396464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is a pivotal and very complex component of healthy aging in the cardiovascular-muscle-bone triad. Low Mg levels and low Mg intake are common in the general aging population and are associated with poorer outcomes than higher levels, including vascular calcification, endothelial dysfunction, osteoporosis, or muscle dysfunction/sarcopenia. While Mg supplementation appears to reverse these processes and benefit the triad, more randomized clinical trials are needed. These will allow improvement of preventive and curative strategies and propose guidelines regarding the pharmaceutical forms and the dosages and durations of treatment in order to optimize and adapt Mg prescription for healthy aging and for older vulnerable persons with comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Eva Pickering
- Rheumatology Department, CHU Gabriel Montpied, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Has Menstruation Disappeared? Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea-What Is This Story about? Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082827. [PMID: 34444987 PMCID: PMC8401547 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) is a very common condition affecting women of procreative age. There are many reasons for this disorder, including a low availability of energy in the diet, low micro- and macronutrient intake, overly intensive physical activity, disturbed regeneration processes, sleep disorders, stress, and psychological disorders. The main determinant is long-term stress and an inability to handle the effects of that stress. FHA is a very complex disorder and often goes undiagnosed. Moreover, therapeutic interventions do not address all the causes of the disorder, which could have implications for women’s health. As shown by scientific reports, this condition can be reversed by modifying its causes. This review of the literature aims to update the current knowledge of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea and underscores the complexity of the disorder, with particular emphasis on the nutritional aspects and potential interventions for restoring balance.
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Editorial of Special Issue "Magnesium in Human Health and Disease". Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082490. [PMID: 34444647 PMCID: PMC8399013 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The fundamental role of magnesium in human health is extensively discussed in the review by Fiorentini and colleagues [...].
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Magnesium for Pain Treatment in 2021? State of the Art. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051397. [PMID: 33919346 PMCID: PMC8143286 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Magnesium (Mg) is commonly used in clinical practice for acute and chronic pain and has been reported to reduce pain intensity and analgesics consumption in a number of studies. Results are, however, contested. Objectives: This review aims to investigate randomised clinical trials (RCTs) on the effectiveness of Mg treatment on pain and analgesics consumption in situations including post-operative pain, migraine, renal pain, chronic pain, neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia. Results: The literature search identified 81 RCTs (n = 5447 patients) on Mg treatment in pain (50 RCTs in post-operative pain, 18 RCTs in migraine, 5 RCTs in renal pain, 6 RCTs in chronic/neuropathic pain, 2 RCTs in fibromyalgia). Conclusion: The level of evidence for the efficacy of Mg in reducing pain and analgesics consumption is globally modest and studies are not very numerous in chronic pain. A number of gaps have been identified in the literature that need to be addressed especially in methodology, rheumatic disease, and cancer. Additional clinical trials are needed to achieve a sufficient level of evidence and to better optimize the use of Mg for pain and pain comorbidities in order to improve the quality of life of patients who are in pain.
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Fiorentini D, Cappadone C, Farruggia G, Prata C. Magnesium: Biochemistry, Nutrition, Detection, and Social Impact of Diseases Linked to Its Deficiency. Nutrients 2021; 13:1136. [PMID: 33808247 PMCID: PMC8065437 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium plays an important role in many physiological functions. Habitually low intakes of magnesium and in general the deficiency of this micronutrient induce changes in biochemical pathways that can increase the risk of illness and, in particular, chronic degenerative diseases. The assessment of magnesium status is consequently of great importance, however, its evaluation is difficult. The measurement of serum magnesium concentration is the most commonly used and readily available method for assessing magnesium status, even if serum levels have no reliable correlation with total body magnesium levels or concentrations in specific tissues. Therefore, this review offers an overview of recent insights into magnesium from multiple perspectives. Starting from a biochemical point of view, it aims at highlighting the risk due to insufficient uptake (frequently due to the low content of magnesium in the modern western diet), at suggesting strategies to reach the recommended dietary reference values, and at focusing on the importance of detecting physiological or pathological levels of magnesium in various body districts, in order to counteract the social impact of diseases linked to magnesium deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giovanna Farruggia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.F.); (C.C.); (C.P.)
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Magnesium in Aging, Health and Diseases. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020463. [PMID: 33573164 PMCID: PMC7912123 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several changes of magnesium (Mg) metabolism have been reported with aging, including diminished Mg intake, impaired intestinal Mg absorption and renal Mg wasting. Mild Mg deficits are generally asymptomatic and clinical signs are usually non-specific or absent. Asthenia, sleep disorders, hyperemotionality, and cognitive disorders are common in the elderly with mild Mg deficit, and may be often confused with age-related symptoms. Chronic Mg deficits increase the production of free radicals which have been implicated in the development of several chronic age-related disorders. Numerous human diseases have been associated with Mg deficits, including cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and stroke, cardio-metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus, airways constrictive syndromes and asthma, depression, stress-related conditions and psychiatric disorders, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementia syndromes, muscular diseases (muscle pain, chronic fatigue, and fibromyalgia), bone fragility, and cancer. Dietary Mg and/or Mg consumed in drinking water (generally more bioavailable than Mg contained in food) or in alternative Mg supplements should be taken into consideration in the correction of Mg deficits. Maintaining an optimal Mg balance all through life may help in the prevention of oxidative stress and chronic conditions associated with aging. This needs to be demonstrated by future studies.
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