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Marlin S, Goepp M, Desiderio A, Rougé S, Aldekwer S, Le Guennec D, Goncalves-Mendes N, Talvas J, Farges MC, Rossary A. Long-Term High-Fat Diet Limits the Protective Effect of Spontaneous Physical Activity on Mammary Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6221. [PMID: 38892407 PMCID: PMC11172547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is influenced by factors such as diet, a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and postmenopausal status, which are all linked to prolonged hormonal and inflammatory exposure. Physical activity offers protection against breast cancer by modulating hormones, immune responses, and oxidative defenses. This study aimed to assess how a prolonged high-fat diet (HFD) affects the effectiveness of physical activity in preventing and managing mammary tumorigenesis. Ovariectomised C57BL/6 mice were provided with an enriched environment to induce spontaneous physical activity while being fed HFD. After 44 days (short-term, ST HFD) or 88 days (long-term, LT HFD), syngenic EO771 cells were implanted into mammary glands, and tumour growth was monitored until sacrifice. Despite similar physical activity and food intake, the LT HFD group exhibited higher visceral adipose tissue mass and reduced skeletal muscle mass. In the tumour microenvironment, the LT HFD group showed decreased NK cells and TCD8+ cells, with a trend toward increased T regulatory cells, leading to a collapse of the T8/Treg ratio. Additionally, the LT HFD group displayed decreased tumour triglyceride content and altered enzyme activities indicative of oxidative stress. Prolonged exposure to HFD was associated with tumour growth despite elevated physical activity, promoting a tolerogenic tumour microenvironment. Future studies should explore inter-organ exchanges between tumour and tissues.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Female
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Physical Conditioning, Animal
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Oxidative Stress
- Carcinogenesis
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/prevention & control
- Intra-Abdominal Fat/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Marlin
- UNH—Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAe, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.R.); (S.A.); (D.L.G.); (N.G.-M.); (J.T.)
| | - Marie Goepp
- Resolution Therapeutics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Adrien Desiderio
- UNH—Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAe, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.R.); (S.A.); (D.L.G.); (N.G.-M.); (J.T.)
| | - Stéphanie Rougé
- UNH—Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAe, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.R.); (S.A.); (D.L.G.); (N.G.-M.); (J.T.)
| | - Sahar Aldekwer
- UNH—Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAe, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.R.); (S.A.); (D.L.G.); (N.G.-M.); (J.T.)
| | - Delphine Le Guennec
- UNH—Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAe, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.R.); (S.A.); (D.L.G.); (N.G.-M.); (J.T.)
| | - Nicolas Goncalves-Mendes
- UNH—Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAe, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.R.); (S.A.); (D.L.G.); (N.G.-M.); (J.T.)
| | - Jérémie Talvas
- UNH—Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAe, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.R.); (S.A.); (D.L.G.); (N.G.-M.); (J.T.)
| | - Marie-Chantal Farges
- UNH—Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAe, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.R.); (S.A.); (D.L.G.); (N.G.-M.); (J.T.)
| | - Adrien Rossary
- UNH—Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAe, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.R.); (S.A.); (D.L.G.); (N.G.-M.); (J.T.)
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Chaunzwa TL, Qian JM, Li Q, Ricciuti B, Nuernberg L, Johnson JW, Weiss J, Zhang Z, MacKay J, Kagiampakis I, Bikiel D, Di Federico A, Alessi JV, Mak RH, Jacob E, Awad MM, Aerts HJWL. Body Composition in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Immunotherapy. JAMA Oncol 2024; 10:773-783. [PMID: 38780929 PMCID: PMC11117154 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2024.1120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Importance The association between body composition (BC) and cancer outcomes is complex and incompletely understood. Previous research in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been limited to small, single-institution studies and yielded promising, albeit heterogeneous, results. Objectives To evaluate the association of BC with oncologic outcomes in patients receiving immunotherapy for advanced or metastatic NSCLC. Design, Setting, and Participants This comprehensive multicohort analysis included clinical data from cohorts receiving treatment at the Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center (DFBCC) who received immunotherapy given alone or in combination with chemotherapy and prospectively collected data from the phase 1/2 Study 1108 and the chemotherapy arm of the phase 3 MYSTIC trial. Baseline and follow-up computed tomography (CT) scans were collected and analyzed using deep neural networks for automatic L3 slice selection and body compartment segmentation (skeletal muscle [SM], subcutaneous adipose tissue [SAT], and visceral adipose tissue). Outcomes were compared based on baseline BC measures or their change at the first follow-up scan. The data were analyzed between July 2022 and April 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures Hazard ratios (HRs) for the association of BC measurements with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results A total of 1791 patients (878 women [49%]) with NSCLC were analyzed, of whom 487 (27.2%) received chemoimmunotherapy at DFBCC (DFBCC-CIO), 825 (46.1%) received ICI monotherapy at DFBCC (DFBCC-IO), 222 (12.4%) were treated with durvalumab monotherapy on Study 1108, and 257 (14.3%) were treated with chemotherapy on MYSTIC; median (IQR) ages were 65 (58-74), 66 (57-71), 65 (26-87), and 63 (30-84) years, respectively. A loss in SM mass, as indicated by a change in the L3 SM area, was associated with worse oncologic outcome across patient groups (HR, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.43-0.81] and 0.61 [95% CI, 0.47-0.79] for OS and PFS, respectively, in DFBCC-CIO; HR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.60-0.91] for OS in DFBCC-IO; HR, 0.46 [95% CI, 0.33-0.64] and 0.47 [95% CI, 0.34-0.64] for OS and PFS, respectively, in Study 1108; HR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.61-0.96] for PFS in the MYSTIC trial). This association was most prominent among male patients, with a nonsignificant association among female patients in the MYSTIC trial and DFBCC-CIO cohorts on Kaplan-Meier analysis. An increase of more than 5% in SAT density, as quantified by the average CT attenuation in Hounsfield units of the SAT compartment, was associated with poorer OS in 3 patient cohorts (HR, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.43-0.86] for DFBCC-CIO; HR, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.49-0.79] for DFBCC-IO; and HR, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.40-0.77] for Study 1108). The change in SAT density was also associated with PFS for DFBCC-CIO (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.54-0.97). This was primarily observed in female patients on Kaplan-Meier analysis. Conclusions and Relevance The results of this multicohort study suggest that loss in SM mass during systemic therapy for NSCLC is a marker of poor outcomes, especially in male patients. SAT density changes are also associated with prognosis, particularly in female patients. Automated CT-derived BC measurements should be considered in determining NSCLC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tafadzwa L. Chaunzwa
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jack M. Qian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Qin Li
- AstraZeneca, Cambridge, England and Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Biagio Ricciuti
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leonard Nuernberg
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, CARIM & GROW, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Justin W. Johnson
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jakob Weiss
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jamie MacKay
- AstraZeneca, Cambridge, England and Waltham, Massachusetts
| | | | - Damian Bikiel
- AstraZeneca, Cambridge, England and Waltham, Massachusetts
| | | | - Joao V. Alessi
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raymond H. Mak
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Etai Jacob
- AstraZeneca, Cambridge, England and Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Mark M. Awad
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hugo J. W. L. Aerts
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, CARIM & GROW, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Piccinin E, Arconzo M, Pasculli E, Tricase AF, Cultrera S, Bertrand-Michel J, Loiseau N, Villani G, Guillou H, Moschetta A. Pivotal role of intestinal cholesterol and nuclear receptor LXR in metabolic liver steatohepatitis and hepatocarcinoma. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:69. [PMID: 38824560 PMCID: PMC11144344 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01248-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence is continuously increasing worldwide, due to the rise of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) cases. Cholesterol is an essential driver of the metabolic dysregulations that promote HCC progression. Liver X Receptor (LXR) is a nuclear receptor best known for the regulation of lipid and cholesterol homeostasis, with a prominent function in the liver and in the intestine. Here, we aimed to explore whether modifications in intestinal lipid metabolism may contribute to the onset of HCC, particularly taking into account cholesterol metabolism and LXRs. To study the progression of MASH to HCC, we induced metabolic HCC in wild-type male mice and mice carrying an intestinal chronic activation of LXRα. Also, we analysed human hepatic transcriptome datasets. The increased consumption of fat and carbohydrates drives the intestinal activation of LXRα and accelerates the onset of the hepatic tumours. Chronic intestinal-specific activation of LXRα enhances HCC progression only in the presence of a high cholesterol intake. In HCC, despite the increased hepatic cholesterol content, LXR is not active, thus driving liver cancer development. Intriguingly, in line with these results in the mouse model, LXR transcriptome is also downregulated in human hepatocarcinoma and its expression level in liver tumours directly correlates with a decreased survival rate in patients. Overall, our findings establish the relevance of the intestine in influencing the susceptibility to MASH-HCC and point to intestinal LXRα activation as a driver of metabolic liver cancer in the presence of dietary cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Piccinin
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, Bari, 70124, Italy
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Arconzo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, Bari, 70124, Italy
| | - Emanuela Pasculli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, Bari, 70124, Italy
| | - Angela Fulvia Tricase
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, Bari, 70124, Italy
| | - Silvia Cultrera
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, Bari, 70124, Italy
| | | | - Nicolas Loiseau
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Gaetano Villani
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, Bari, 70124, Italy.
- INBB, National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, Rome, Italy.
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Christensen JD, Basheer HT, Lado Abeal JJ. Thyroid Cancer Prevalence, Risk Exposure, and Clinical Features Among Transgender Female Veterans. J Endocr Soc 2024; 8:bvae060. [PMID: 38633896 PMCID: PMC11023629 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvae060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Transgender women experience higher-than-average rates of multiple medical conditions. Thyroid cancer occurs more frequently in those assigned female at birth than in those assigned male at birth. We sought to characterize thyroid cancer among transgender female veterans. Methods We reviewed charts of veterans who were (1) seen in Veterans Affairs clinics across the United States from July 2017 to December 2022, (2) had an International Classification of Diseases, revision 10, diagnosis code for thyroid cancer, and (3) had an International Classification of Diseases, revision 10, diagnosis code for gender dysphoria or were assigned male at birth and ever had a prescription for estrogens. Charts of cisgender veterans were also reviewed for comparison. Results Compared with calculated estimates of 0.641% (95% CI, 0.572-0.724) among cisgender females and 0.187% (95% CI, 0.156-0.219) among cisgender males, the measured prevalence among transgender female veterans was 0.341% (34/9988). Average age at thyroid cancer diagnosis in this population was 53.8 (± SEM 2.61) years. A total of 32.3% (11/34) of these patients had extrathyroidal disease at diagnosis. Discussion To our knowledge, this study represents the first report of thyroid cancer prevalence among transgender women in the United States. Risk exposure among all transgender veterans including further assessment of the possible contributions of obesity, smoking, and gender-affirming hormone therapy are important future analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John David Christensen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- VA Northern California Healthcare System, Section of Endocrinology, Mather, CA 95321, USA
| | - Hiba T Basheer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- VA Northern California Healthcare System, Section of Endocrinology, Mather, CA 95321, USA
| | - Jose Joaquin Lado Abeal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- VA Northern California Healthcare System, Section of Endocrinology, Mather, CA 95321, USA
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De Matteis C, Crudele L, Gadaleta RM, Di Buduo E, Novielli F, Petruzzelli S, Cariello M, Moschetta A. Low Adherence to Mediterranean Diet Characterizes Metabolic Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer. Nutrients 2024; 16:630. [PMID: 38474758 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background. Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are one of the most relevant causes of death globally, frequently associated with poor dietary patterns. The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) contributes to cancer prevention. To assess adherence to MedDiet, our research group validated a new score, the Chrono Med Diet Score (CMDS), that captures increased visceral adiposity. Methods. We enrolled 401 subjects who underwent an evaluation for metabolic diseases and specific screening procedures according to current guidelines and were asked to answer CMDS. A total of 71 new cancer cases were recorded, including 40 GI and 31 non-gastrointestinal (NON-GI) cancers. Results. We found that CMDS was reduced in subjects who were diagnosed with cancers. Patients who reported a CMDS score of 12 or less had an over three times increased risk of being diagnosed with GI cancers and presented increased waist circumference and triglycerides and reduced HDL cholesterol compared to adherent subjects. Conclusions. Low CMDS values capture the risk for cancer diagnosis, especially for GI cancers. Thus, CMDS, along with waist circumference, can be considered as a bona fide marker for increased risk of cancer, requiring anticipated screening procedures for the detection of premalignant and early stage GI cancers in patients with low adherence to MedDiet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo De Matteis
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Lucilla Crudele
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Ersilia Di Buduo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Novielli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Stefano Petruzzelli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Marica Cariello
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
- INBB National Institute for Biostructure and Biosystems, Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136 Rome, Italy
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Wang A, Li J, Li C, Zhang H, Fan Y, Ma K, Wang Q. Impact of body composition on the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with transarterial chemoembolization: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25237. [PMID: 38352764 PMCID: PMC10862505 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To summarize current evidence about the influence of body composition on the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) treatment. Methods Public databases were systematically searched to identify relevant studies published from the inception of the database up to May 2023. Studies that evaluated the association between body composition and clinical outcomes in HCC patients who underwent TACE were included. A pre-designed table was applied to summarize relevant information. Meta-analysis was performed to estimate the association of body composition with overall survival. Results Fourteen studies were included in this review, including 3631 patients (sample size range: 56-908, median 186). All body composition measurements (including skeletal muscle area, visceral and subcutaneous adipose area, and bone mineral density) were based on computer tomography. The commonly used parameter was skeletal muscle index at 3rd lumbar vertebra level (8/14). Three studies evaluated the correlations of body composition changes with the prognosis after TACE. Most studies (12/14) identified body composition parameters as an independent indicator for overall survival, progression-free survival, and treatment response rate. The hazard ratio of different body composition parameters ranged from 1.01 to 2.88, and hazard ratio of body composition changes ranged from 1.88 to 5.93. The pooled hazard ratio of sarcopenia for overall survival was 1.38 (95 %CI: 1.20-1.58). Conclusions Body composition seems to be an important prognostic factor for a poorer clinical outcome after TACE treatment in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Future prospective studies with a larger sample size are required to confirm these findings. Registration study This study has been prospectively registered at the PROSPERO platform (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/) with the registration No. CRD42022345602.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anrong Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Interventional Therapy, People's Hospital of Dianjiang County, Chongqing, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Dianjiang County, Chongqing, China
| | - Changfeng Li
- Institution of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institution of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingfang Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kuansheng Ma
- Institution of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Division of Medical Imaging and Technology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Hoffmann J, Thiele J, Kwast S, Borger MA, Schröter T, Schmidt J, Busse M. A new approach to quantify visceral fat via bioelectrical impedance analysis and ultrasound compared to MRI. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:209-217. [PMID: 37891402 PMCID: PMC10824659 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01400-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) has been linked to systemic proinflammatory characteristics, and measuring it accurately usually requires sophisticated instruments. This study aimed to estimate VAT applying a simpler method that uses total subcutaneous fat and total body fat (BF) measurements. METHOD As part of our experimental approach, the subcutaneous fat mass (SFT) was measured via US (SFTtotal), and VAT was quantified by assessing MRI data. Both parameters were added to obtain total body fat (BFcalc). Those results were then compared to values obtained from a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BFBIA). Multiple regression analyses were employed to develop a simplified sex-specific equation for SFT, which was subsequently used in conjunction with BFBIA to determine VAT (VATEq). RESULT We observed excellent reliability between BFBIA and BFcalc, with no significant difference in body fat values (20.98 ± 8.36 kg vs. 21.08 ± 8.81 kg, p = 0.798, ICC 0.948). VATEq_female/male revealed excellent reliability when compared to VATMRI, and no significant difference appeared (women: 0.03 ± 0.66 kg with a 95% CI ranging from -1.26 kg to 1.32 kg, p = 0.815, ICC: 0.955.; men: -0.01 ± 0.85 kg with a 95% CI ranging from -1.69 kg to 1.66 kg, p = 0.925, ICC: 0.952). CONCLUSION Taking an experimental approach, VAT can be determined without MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Hoffmann
- Outpatient Clinic of Sports Medicine, University of Leipzig, Rosa-Luxemburg-Str. 20-30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Jens Thiele
- Department of Radiology, Helios Klinik, 04435, Schkeuditz, Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas Schröter
- University Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jochen Schmidt
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Busse
- Outpatient Clinic of Sports Medicine, University of Leipzig, Rosa-Luxemburg-Str. 20-30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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8
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Monllor-Tormos A, García-Vigara A, Morgan O, García-Pérez MÁ, Mendoza N, Tarín JJ, Cano A. Mediterranean diet for cancer prevention and survivorship. Maturitas 2023; 178:107841. [PMID: 37660598 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2023.107841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main noncommunicable diseases in terms of health impact. Factors such as a progressively aging population point to future increases in the incidence of cancer on a global level. The elevated number of affected individuals, together with continuous improvements in cancer prevention and therapy, is creating a growing population of cancer survivors, with often inadequately met needs. Lifestyle is a key modulator of cancer risk and of associated morbidity and mortality, and is included in all approaches to the long-term management of cancer. Diet is a principal component of lifestyle, and most of the available evidence is centered on the Mediterranean diet. Our objective was to provide a narrative review of the evidence on the effect of the Mediterranean diet on cancer risk and health threats related to cancer survivorship. For this purpose, we searched the PubMed database for articles published between January 1, 2000, and June 12, 2023. Current data show that the Mediterranean diet is inversely associated with risk, or is risk neutral, for most types of cancer. Tumors of the digestive system have received preferential interest, but studies have also been published on tumors in other organs. The evidence, however, is meager due to the observational nature of most studies, although it is reassuring that benefit is reproduced in studies performed in different populations and environments. Evidence related to cancer survivors is limited by the paucity of studies, yet several findings regarding survival, recurrence, and short- and long-term morbidity suggest a potential role for the Mediterranean diet that warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitana Monllor-Tormos
- Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico Universitario - INCLIVA, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Alicia García-Vigara
- Women's Health Research group, INCLIVA, Menéndez Pelayo, 4, acc., 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Orly Morgan
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Medical Education, 1600 NW 10th Ave, FL 33101, United States.
| | - Miguel-Ángel García-Pérez
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Valencia, INCLIVA, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Nicolás Mendoza
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Juan J Tarín
- Department of Cellular Biology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Antonio Cano
- Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico Universitario - INCLIVA, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain; Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
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9
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Crudele L, Gadaleta RM, Cariello M, Moschetta A. Gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches of diabetes. EBioMedicine 2023; 97:104821. [PMID: 37804567 PMCID: PMC10570704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut-liver axis plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis and therapy of metabolic diseases such as diabetes. The intestinal specific origin of several hormones that guide both inter- and post-prandial metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids, drives the attention of scientists and clinicians on the gut as a major site to intervene with novel diagnostic or prognostic markers. The role of intestinal ecology in the metabolic syndrome was postulated when gut microbiota was directly connected with inflammation, hyperinsulinemia, and diabetes. There have been several discoveries with the role of gut microbiota and gut-liver axis in diabetes. Also, there are several trials ongoing on the therapeutic efficacy of probiotic administration in diabetes and its complications. Here we point to the metabolic action of microbiota and discuss the actual state of the art on gut microbiota as a novel prognostic biomarker with a putative therapeutic role in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucilla Crudele
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Raffaella Maria Gadaleta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Marica Cariello
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy; INBB National Institute for Biostructure and Biosystems, Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136, Rome, Italy.
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10
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García-Oropesa EM, Perales-Torres AL, Martínez-López YE, Munguía-Cisneros CX, Nava-González EJ, Pérez-Navarro M, Rosas-Díaz M, Baltazar N, Arroyo-Valerio A, Diaz-Badillo A, Castillo-Ruiz O, Hernández-Ruiz J, Mummidi S, Ramírez-Quintanilla LY, Bustamante A, Ramirez-Pfeiffer C, Vela L, Tapia B, Lopez-Alvarenga JC. Effect of Insulin Resistance on Abdominal Obesity, Liver Fat Infiltration, and Body Mass Index in Youngsters. Arch Med Res 2023; 54:102873. [PMID: 37660428 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2023.102873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Evaluate insulin resistance (IR) as a mediator of the effect of body fat distribution on liver fat infiltration and stiffness (LSt) in young adults using structural equation modeling (SEM). METHODS We invited 500 first year students from two universities and evaluated their family history to determine the risk for cardiometabolic disease. Of these, 174 students (age 19 ± 1 years) were assessed for total body fat percentage (BF%), LSt, fat infiltration (Coefficient attenuated parameter CAP), and serum biochemical analysis. We performed a mediation analysis using two different structural equation models to determine the relationship between BMI, BF%, abdominal obesity (AO), IR, LSt, and fat infiltration using standardized β coefficients. The symbol "->" means "explains/causes". RESULTS Model#1 supported that mediation analysis and had a better fit than the direct effect. AO->IR (b = 0.62, p = 0.005), AO->CAP (b = 0.63, p <0.001), and CAP->IR (b = 0.23, p = 0.007), with negligible effect of BMI on CAP and IR. Model#2 showed direct effect of BMI on LSt was a better fit than mediation. BMI->LSt (b = 0.17, p = 0.05) but no effect AO->LSt. Interestingly, LSt->IR (b = 0.18, p = 0.001), but bi-directional IR->LSt (b = 0.23, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS AO and BMI in young adults have differential phenotypic effects on liver CAP and LSt. Visceral fat had a direct effect on IR and CAP. Meanwhile, BMI was associated with LSt. Our findings shed light on the complex interplay of factors influencing liver stiffness, particularly in young individuals. Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying these associations and their implications for liver health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana L Perales-Torres
- Multidisciplinary Academic Unit Reynosa Aztlán, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Marisol Rosas-Díaz
- Multidisciplinary Academic Unit Reynosa Aztlán, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - Neyla Baltazar
- Clinical laboratory, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - América Arroyo-Valerio
- Public Health Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, Texas A and N University-San Antonio, USA
| | - Alvaro Diaz-Badillo
- School of Medicine, Universidad México Americana del Norte, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico; School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
| | - Octelina Castillo-Ruiz
- Multidisciplinary Academic Unit Reynosa Aztlán, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | | | - Srinivas Mummidi
- Public Health Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, Texas A and N University-San Antonio, USA
| | - Laura Y Ramírez-Quintanilla
- Multidisciplinary Academic Unit Reynosa Aztlán, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Bustamante
- Department of Graduate Studies, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Leonel Vela
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
| | - Beatriz Tapia
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
| | - Juan C Lopez-Alvarenga
- School of Medicine, Universidad México Americana del Norte, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico; School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA.
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11
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Crudele L, Novielli F, De Matteis C, Petruzzelli S, Suppressa P, Berardi E, Antonica G, Piazzolla G, Sabbà C, Graziano G, Moschetta A. Thyroid nodule malignancy is associated with increased non-invasive hepatic fibrosis scores in metabolic subjects. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1233083. [PMID: 37965446 PMCID: PMC10641401 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1233083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Thyroid cancer incidence is increasing, and adiposity-related conditions are gaining space in its pathogenesis. In this study, we aimed to detect any anthropometric, biohumoral, and clinical features that might be associated with thyroid nodule malignancy, potentially representing novel non-invasive markers of thyroid cancer. Materials and methods The study was conducted in a group of 142 consecutive outpatients (47 men and 95 women) who underwent fine-needle aspiration biopsy/cytology (FNAB/C) due to suspicion of malignancy from January 2018 to September 2022. We compared lipid and glycemic blood profiles as well as non-invasive liver fibrosis indexes such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio (AAR), AST to platelet ratio index (APRI), and fibrosis index based on four factors (FIB-4) between patients with benign and malignant newly diagnosed nodules. Then, we performed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to assess their best cutoff values for discrimination of malignant nodules and chi-squared test to evaluate the association of specific dysmetabolic conditions with malignancy. To understand whether and to what degree dysmetabolic conditions increased the risk of thyroid nodule malignancy, we also calculated the odds ratio (OR) of the main biomarkers. Results After FNAB/C, 121 (85%) patients were diagnosed with benign thyroid nodules, while 21 (15%) individuals were diagnosed with thyroid cancer. Comparing patients with benign and malignant nodules, we found that individuals with thyroid cancer exhibited increased body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.048) and fasting plasma glucose (p = 0.046). Intriguingly, considering non-invasive scores for liver fibrosis, subjects with thyroid cancer presented increased AAR (p < 0.001) and APRI (p = 0.007), and these scores were associated with malignancy (p < 0.005) with OR = 7.1 and OR = 5, respectively. Moreover, we showed that only in the cancer group, low levels of vitamin D correlated with stigmata of impaired metabolism. Discussion In our study, AAR and APRI scores were associated with thyroid nodule malignancy and could be used to predict it and to speed up the diagnostic process. From a pathogenic point of view, we speculated that metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) along with hyperglycemia and vitamin D deficiency may represent putative drivers of thyroid carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucilla Crudele
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Novielli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo De Matteis
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefano Petruzzelli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Suppressa
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Elsa Berardi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Antonica
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Piazzolla
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Sabbà
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Giusi Graziano
- Center for Outcomes Research and Clinical Epidemiology (CORESEARCH), Pescara, Italy
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
- IINBB National Institute for Biostructure and Biosystems, Roma, Italy
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12
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Crudele L, De Matteis C, Graziano G, Novielli F, Petruzzelli S, Piccinin E, Gadaleta RM, Cariello M, Moschetta A. AST/ALT-to-platelet ratio (AARPRI) predicts gynaecological cancers: a 8-years follow-up study in 653 women. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17793. [PMID: 37852989 PMCID: PMC10584967 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44243-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), specifically liver steatosis and fibrosis with steatohepatitis (NASH), is often associated with visceral adiposopathy, whose pathogenetic features have been proposed as tumorigenic triggers. We performed a prospective analysis in 653 metabolic women to reveal any conditions that may predict and concur to cancer development during a 8-years period of follow-up. Among clinical and biochemical variables, only AST and non-invasive liver fibrosis scores (AARPRI, APRI, FIB-4, mFIB4) significantly distinguished cancer-developer women (n = 62, 9.5%) from those who did not develop cancer (p < 0.001). In ROC analysis, these scores also showed good sensitivity and specificity in differentiating women who developed cancer (all p < 0.001). We then calculated OR for these indexes finding that increased AARPRI was associated with the highest risk (OR = 6, p < 0.001) of gynaecological cancers development. We further validated these cut-off values in women who had developed other types of cancer, confirming that AARPRI is able to identify the risk for cancer development (OR = 5, p < 0.001). Our findings support the hypothesis that NAFLD, more than obesity per se, is directly associated with the clinical and pathogenic metabolic scenario of gynaecological cancers and encourage the use of liver fibrosis indexes to detect risk of cancer onset in women. Preventing adiposopathy and NAFLD through lifestyle and therapies may represent an instrumental strategy for cancer prevention and/or co-treatment in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucilla Crudele
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo De Matteis
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Giusi Graziano
- Center for Outcomes Research and Clinical Epidemiology (CORESEARCH), 65124, Pescara, Italy
| | - Fabio Novielli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefano Petruzzelli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Elena Piccinin
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Raffaella Maria Gadaleta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Marica Cariello
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
- INBB, National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, 00136, Rome, Italy.
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13
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Georgiev A, Chervenkov L, Koleva D, Anastasova V. Obesity control and liver health in breast cancer: Normalized hepatic elasticity after ketogenic diet. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20449. [PMID: 37780747 PMCID: PMC10539953 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Most socially significant diseases, including breast cancer, are undeniably linked to obesity. Recently, a positive relationship between excessive weight and increased risk of breast cancer poor outcomes has been proved. Liver integrity is an essential point during chemotherapy. Consequently, a hepatic safe therapeutic approach for managing obesity in patients with breast cancer should be initiated. Our study aimed to assess the impact of the ketogenic diet on body mass index (BMI) and to evaluate its safety on liver function in female patients with breast cancer. The study comprised 520 women with ductal breast cancer who underwent a 60-day modified ketogenic diet. BMI, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin clotting time (aPTT), aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), and ultrasound liver elasticity was evaluated before and after the diet. The results showed a significant decrease in BMI and an improvement in ultrasound liver elasticity in all the participants after completing the diet. Before the KD, the participants' median BMI was 35.0 kg/m2, and after the 60-day diet, the median BMI was reduced to 30.0 kg/m2. No significant liver parameter changes were found after the diet. In conclusion, we can safely promote the keto diet amongst individuals with an increased chance of developing breast cancer for a better disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Georgiev
- Medical University of Plovdiv, Department of Diagnostic Imaging; 15A Vasil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
- Complex Oncology Center of Plovdiv, 62 Pere Toshev Str., Plovdiv, 4004, Bulgaria
| | - Lyubomir Chervenkov
- Medical University of Plovdiv, Department of Diagnostic Imaging; 15A Vasil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Daniela Koleva
- Medical University of Plovdiv, Department of Endocrinology; 15A Vasil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Vanya Anastasova
- Medical University of Plovdiv, Department of Plastic Surgery, 15A Vasil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
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14
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Crudele L, De Matteis C, Moschetta A. Reply to: "Reconsidering low HDL-cholesterol levels as a predictive factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma". JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100783. [PMID: 37554926 PMCID: PMC10405083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucilla Crudele
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo De Matteis
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
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15
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Caruso A, Gelsomino L, Panza S, Accattatis FM, Naimo GD, Barone I, Giordano C, Catalano S, Andò S. Leptin: A Heavyweight Player in Obesity-Related Cancers. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1084. [PMID: 37509120 PMCID: PMC10377641 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, defined as the abnormal or excessive expansion of white adipose tissue, has reached pandemic proportions and is recognized as an important health concern since it is a common root for several comorbidities, including malignancies. Indeed, the current knowledge of the white adipose tissue, which shifts its role from an energy storage tissue to an important endocrine and metabolic organ, has opened up new avenues for the discovery of obesity's effects on tumor biology. In this review, we will report the epidemiological studies concerning the strong impact of obesity in several types of cancer and describe the mechanisms underlying the heterotypic signals between cancer cell lines and adipocytes, with particular emphasis on inflammation, the insulin/IGF-1 axis, and adipokines. Among the adipokines, we will further describe the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical data concerning the role of leptin, recognized as one of the most important mediators of obesity-associated cancers. In fact, leptin physiologically regulates energy metabolism, appetite, and reproduction, and several studies have also described the role of leptin in affecting cancer development and progression. Finally, we will summarize the newest pharmacological strategies aimed at mitigating the protumorigenic effects of leptin, underlining their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Caruso
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Luca Gelsomino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panza
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Felice Maria Accattatis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Daniela Naimo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Ines Barone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Cinzia Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
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16
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Shah UA, Ballinger TJ, Bhandari R, Dieli-Conwright CM, Guertin KA, Hibler EA, Kalam F, Lohmann AE, Ippolito JE. Imaging modalities for measuring body composition in patients with cancer: opportunities and challenges. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2023; 2023:56-67. [PMID: 37139984 PMCID: PMC10157788 DOI: 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Body composition assessment (ie, the measurement of muscle and adiposity) impacts several cancer-related outcomes including treatment-related toxicities, treatment responses, complications, and prognosis. Traditional modalities for body composition measurement include body mass index, body circumference, skinfold thickness, and bioelectrical impedance analysis; advanced imaging modalities include dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography. Each modality has its advantages and disadvantages, thus requiring an individualized approach in identifying the most appropriate measure for specific clinical or research situations. Advancements in imaging approaches have led to an abundance of available data, however, the lack of standardized thresholds for classification of abnormal muscle mass or adiposity has been a barrier to adopting these measurements widely in research and clinical care. In this review, we discuss the different modalities in detail and provide guidance on their unique opportunities and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvi A Shah
- Department of Medicine, Myeloma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tarah J Ballinger
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rusha Bhandari
- Department of Pediatrics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Department of Population Science, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Christina M Dieli-Conwright
- Division of Population Sciences, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristin A Guertin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Hibler
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Faiza Kalam
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ana Elisa Lohmann
- Department of Medical Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph E Ippolito
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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17
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Kono M, Shatila M, Xu G, Lu Y, Mathew A, Mohajir W, Varatharajalu K, Qiao W, Thomas AS, Wang Y. Obesity Measured via Body Mass Index May Be Associated with Increased Incidence but Not Worse Outcomes of Immune-Mediated Diarrhea and Colitis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2329. [PMID: 37190257 PMCID: PMC10136922 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity defined by high body mass index (BMI) has traditionally been associated with gastrointestinal inflammatory processes but has recently been correlated with better survival in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). We sought to investigate the association between BMI and immune-mediated diarrhea and colitis (IMDC) outcomes and whether BMI reflects body fat content on abdominal imaging. This retrospective, single-center study included cancer patients with ICI exposure who developed IMDC and had BMI and abdominal computed tomography (CT) obtained within 30 days before initiating ICI from April 2011 to December 2019. BMI was categorized as <25, ≥25 but <30, and ≥30. Visceral fat area (VFA), subcutaneous fat area (SFA), total fat area (TFA: VFA+SFA), and visceral to subcutaneous fat (V/S) ratio were obtained from CT at the umbilical level. Our sample comprised 202 patients; 127 patients (62.9%) received CTLA-4 monotherapy or a combination, and 75 (37.1%) received PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy. Higher BMIs ≥ 30 were associated with a higher incidence of IMDC than BMIs ≤ 25 (11.4% vs. 7.9%, respectively; p = 0.029). Higher grades of colitis (grade 3-4) correlated with lower BMI (p = 0.03). BMI level was not associated with other IMDC characteristics or did not influence overall survival (p = 0.83). BMI is strongly correlated with VFA, SFA, and TFA (p < 0.0001). Higher BMI at ICI initiation was linked to a higher incidence of IMDC but did not appear to affect outcomes. BMI strongly correlated with body fat parameters measured by abdominal imaging, suggesting its reliability as an obesity index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Kono
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Malek Shatila
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guofan Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Antony Mathew
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wasay Mohajir
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Krishnavathana Varatharajalu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei Qiao
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anusha S. Thomas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yinghong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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De Matteis C, Crudele L, Battaglia S, Loconte T, Rotondo A, Ferrulli R, Gadaleta RM, Piazzolla G, Suppressa P, Sabbà C, Cariello M, Moschetta A. Identification of a Novel Score for Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet That Is Inversely Associated with Visceral Adiposity and Cardiovascular Risk: The Chrono Med Diet Score (CMDS). Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081910. [PMID: 37111129 PMCID: PMC10141687 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) leads to reduction of mortality from all causes, especially in subjects with cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes. Numerous scores have been proposed to evaluate the adherence to MedDiet, mainly focused on eating habits. In this study, we verified whether existing validated MedDiet scores, namely, MEDI-LITE and the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), could be associated with visceral adiposity. Failing to find a significant association with adiposity, we proposed the validation of a new, easy-to-use adherence questionnaire, the Chrono Med-Diet score (CMDS). CMDS contains eleven food categories, including chronobiology of dietary habits and physical activity. Compared to the MEDI-LITE score and MDS, low values of CMDS are linked to increased waist circumference (WC) and dysmetabolic conditions. CMDS was also inversely correlated with cardiovascular risk (CVR), as well as Fatty Liver Index (FLI). In conclusion, the CMDS is a novel questionnaire to study the adherence to the MedDiet that, focusing on type and timing of carbohydrates intake, has the peculiar capability of capturing subjects with abdominal obesity, thus being an easy-to-use instrument of personalized medicine.
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Grants
- EU-JPI HDL-INTIMIC -MIUR FATMAL Ministry of Education, Universities and Research
- MIUR-PON "R&I" 2014-2020 "BIOMIS" cod. ARS01_01220 Ministry of Education, Universities and Research
- POR Puglia FESR-FSE 2014- 2020, "INNOMA" cod. 4TCJLV4 Regione Puglia
- National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), Mission 4 Component 2 Investment 1.3 - Call for tender No. 341 of 15 March 2022 of Italian Ministry of University and Research funded by the European Union - NextGeneration EU. Ministry of Education, Universities and Research
- Project code PE00000003, Concession Decree No. 1550 of 11 October 2022 adopted by the Italian Ministry of University and Research, CUP D93C22000890001, Project title "ON Foods - Research and innovation network on food and nutri-tion Sustainability, Safety Ministry of Education, Universities and Research
- National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), Mission 4 Component 2 Investment 1.3 - Call for tender No. 341 of 15 March 2022 of Italian Ministry of University and Research funded by the European Union - NextGeneration EU; Award Number: Project code PE000 Ministry of Education, Universities and Research
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo De Matteis
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Lucilla Crudele
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Stefano Battaglia
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Loconte
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Arianna Rotondo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Ferrulli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppina Piazzolla
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Suppressa
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Sabbà
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Marica Cariello
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
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Verras GI, Tchabashvili L, Chlorogiannis DD, Mulita F, Argentou MI. Updated Clinical Evidence on the Role of Adipokines and Breast Cancer: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051572. [PMID: 36900364 PMCID: PMC10000674 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the recent leaps in medicine, the landscape of our knowledge regarding adipose tissue has changed dramatically: it is now widely regarded as a fully functional endocrine organ. In addition, evidence from observational studies has linked the pathogenesis of diseases like breast cancer with adipose tissue and mainly with the adipokines that are secreted in its microenvironment, with the catalog continuously expanding. Examples include leptin, visfatin, resistin, osteopontin, and more. This review aims to encapsulate the current clinical evidence concerning major adipokines and their link with breast cancer oncogenesis. Overall, there have been numerous meta-analyses that contribute to the current clinical evidence, however more targeted larger-scale clinical studies are still expected to solidify their clinical utility in BC prognosis and reliability as follow-up markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios-Ioannis Verras
- Breast Unit, Department of General Surgery, General University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
- Correspondence: (G.-I.V.); (F.M.)
| | - Levan Tchabashvili
- Breast Unit, Department of General Surgery, General University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
| | | | - Francesk Mulita
- Breast Unit, Department of General Surgery, General University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
- Correspondence: (G.-I.V.); (F.M.)
| | - Maria-Ioanna Argentou
- Breast Unit, Department of General Surgery, General University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
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20
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Paul D, Nedelcu AM. The underexplored links between cancer and the internal body climate: Implications for cancer prevention and treatment. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1040034. [PMID: 36620608 PMCID: PMC9815514 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1040034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to effectively manage and cure cancer we should move beyond the general view of cancer as a random process of genetic alterations leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation or simply a predictable evolutionary process involving selection for traits that increase cell fitness. In our view, cancer is a systemic disease that involves multiple interactions not only among cells within tumors or between tumors and surrounding tissues but also with the entire organism and its internal "milieu". We define the internal body climate as an emergent property resulting from spatial and temporal interactions among internal components themselves and with the external environment. The body climate itself can either prevent, promote or support cancer initiation and progression (top-down effect; i.e., body climate-induced effects on cancer), as well as be perturbed by cancer (bottom-up effect; i.e., cancer-induced body climate changes) to further favor cancer progression and spread. This positive feedback loop can move the system towards a "cancerized" organism and ultimately results in its demise. In our view, cancer not only affects the entire system; it is a reflection of an imbalance of the entire system. This model provides an integrated framework to study all aspects of cancer as a systemic disease, and also highlights unexplored links that can be altered to both prevent body climate changes that favor cancer initiation, progression and dissemination as well as manipulate or restore the body internal climate to hinder the success of cancer inception, progression and metastasis or improve therapy outcomes. To do so, we need to (i) identify cancer-relevant factors that affect specific climate components, (ii) develop 'body climate biomarkers', (iii) define 'body climate scores', and (iv) develop strategies to prevent climate changes, stop or slow the changes, or even revert the changes (climate restoration).
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Affiliation(s)
- Doru Paul
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Doru Paul,
| | - Aurora M. Nedelcu
- Biology Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
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21
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Loh NY, Wang W, Noordam R, Christodoulides C. Obesity, Fat Distribution and Risk of Cancer in Women and Men: A Mendelian Randomisation Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:5259. [PMID: 36558416 PMCID: PMC9784937 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and upper-body fat distribution are independent, cardiometabolic risk factors but whether they also display comparable associations with cancer risk is unknown. We investigated the causal relationships between body mass index (BMI) and BMI-adjusted waist-to-hip ratio (WHRadjBMI) and cancer risk and searched for potential drivers linking these traits to carcinogenesis using two-sample and multivariable Mendelian randomisation. In women, genetically instrumented higher BMI was associated with lower breast (OR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.81-0.93) and higher endometrial (OR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.55-1.96) cancer risk whilst WHRadjBMI was associated with higher colon cancer risk (OR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.07-1.42). In men, elevated BMI was associated with lower prostate cancer risk (OR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.85-0.98). Mechanistically, testosterone and insulin mediated 21% and 35%, respectively of the total, genetically determined association of BMI with endometrial cancer risk whilst HDL cholesterol and IGF-1 mediated 40% and 22%, respectively of the association between BMI and breast cancer risk. In men, testosterone mediated 21% of the association between BMI and prostate cancer risk. Colon cancer aside, the total amount of body fat might be more important than its location in modulating cancer susceptibility due to differential effects of obesity and fat distribution on adiposity-associated cancer drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nellie Y. Loh
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Wenyi Wang
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Constantinos Christodoulides
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, OUH Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
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18F-FDG uptake of visceral adipose tissue on preoperative PET/CT as a predictive marker for breast cancer recurrence. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21109. [PMID: 36473927 PMCID: PMC9727140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25540-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose utilization by visceral adipose tissue (VAT) reflects inflammatory activity, which also promotes tumor growth and carcinogenesis. The effect of metabolically active VAT on survival outcomes in breast cancer is unknown. We investigated survival outcomes in patients with breast cancer based on the standardized uptake value (SUV) of VAT (SUVmean-VAT) using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT). A total of 148 patients with breast cancer were divided into high- and low groups according to their SUVmean-VAT and SUVmax-tumor. Clinical characteristics and survival outcomes were compared between the groups. High SUVmean-VAT was associated with poor recurrence-free survival (RFS; hazard ratio [HR], 2.754; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.090-6.958, p = 0.032) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS; HR, 3.500; 95% CI, 1.224-10.01, p = 0.019). Multivariate analysis showed that high SUVmean-VAT was a significant factor for poor RFS and poor DMFS (p = 0.023 and 0.039, respectively). High SUVmax-tumor was significantly associated with short RFS (p = 0.0388). Tumors with a high SUV tended to have a short DMFS, although the difference was not significant (p = 0.0718). Our findings showed that upregulated glucose metabolism in the VAT measured using 18F-FDG PET/CT may be a prognostic biomarker for adverse outcomes in breast cancer.
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Bays HE, Gonsahn-Bollie S, Younglove C, Wharton S. Obesity Pillars Roundtable: Body mass index and body composition in Black and Female individuals. Race-relevant or racist? Sex-relevant or sexist? OBESITY PILLARS 2022; 4:100044. [PMID: 37990673 PMCID: PMC10662008 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2022.100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Body mass index (BMI or weight in kilograms/height in meters2) is the most common metric to diagnose overweight and obesity. However, a body composition analysis more thoroughly assesses adiposity, percent body fat, lean body mass (i.e., including skeletal muscle), and sometimes bone mineral density. BMI is not an accurate assessment of body fat in individuals with increased or decreased muscle mass; the diagnostic utility of BMI in individuals is also influenced by race and sex. Methods Previous Obesity Pillars Roundtables addressed the diagnostic limitations of BMI, the importance of android and visceral fat (especially among those with South and East Asian ancestry), and considerations of obesity among individuals who identify as Hispanic, diverse in sexual-orientation, Black, Native American, and having ancestry from the Mediterranean and Middle East regions. This roundtable examines considerations of BMI in Black and female individuals. Results The panelists agreed that body composition assessment was a more accurate measure of adiposity and muscle mass than BMI. When it came to matters of race and sex, one panelist felt: "race is a social construct and not a defining biology." Another felt that: "BMI should be a screening tool to prompt further evaluation of adiposity that utilizes better diagnostic tools for body composition." Regarding bias and misperceptions of resistance training in female individuals, another panelist stated: "I have spent my entire medical career taking care of women and have never seen a woman unintentionally gain 'too much' muscle mass and bulk up from moderate strength training." Conclusions Conveying the importance of race and sex regarding body composition has proven challenging, with the discussion sometimes devolving into misunderstandings or misinformation that may be perceived as racist or sexist. Body composition analysis is the ultimate diagnostic equalizer in addressing the inaccuracies and biases inherent in the exclusive use of BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Edward Bays
- American Board of Obesity Medicine, Medical Director / President Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center Clinical Associate Professor / University of Louisville Medical School, 3288 Illinois Avenue Louisville KY, 40213, USA
| | - Sylvia Gonsahn-Bollie
- American Board of Obesity Medicine, Embrace You Weight & Wellness Founder, Black Physicians Healthcare Network, Council of Black Obesity Physicians Founding Member, 8705 Colesville Rd Suite 103, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Courtney Younglove
- American Board of Obesity Medicine, Founder/Medical Director: Heartland Weight Loss, 14205 Metcalf Avenue Overland Park, KS, 66223, USA
| | - Sean Wharton
- McMaster University, York University, University of Toronto Wharton Medical Clinic 2951 Walker’s Line, Burlington,Ontario, Canada
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24
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Yan Y, Yang D, Wen P, Li Y, Ge Y, Ma P, Yuan J, Zhang P, Zhu Z, Luo X, Yu X, Wang H. Expression analysis of irisin during different development stages of skeletal muscle in mice. Gene Expr Patterns 2022; 46:119287. [PMID: 36341975 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2022.119287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a newly discovered muscle factor secreted by skeletal muscle cells, irisin is a polypeptide fragment formed from hydrolysis of fibronectin type Ⅲ domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). Irisin can promote beigeing of white adipose tissue (WAT) and regulate glucose and lipid metabolisms. However, the functions of irisin in skeletal muscle development remain largely unknown. In order to characterize the expression of irisin, this study investigated the expression of irisin precursor FNDC5 in myoblasts and skeletal muscles during different developmental stages of SPF mice. RESULTS The Western blot, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and immunofluorescence assay results showed that FNDC5 was expressed in all the developmental stages of myoblasts and gastrocnemius, but its expression differed at different stages. FNDC5 protein exhibited the highest expression in gastrocnemius of sexually mature mice, followed by elderly mice and adolescent mice, and it displayed the lowest expression in pups. Additionally, FNDC5 protein was mainly expressed in cytoplasm, and it had the highest expression in primary myoblasts, followed by the myotubes with the lowest expression in C2C12 myogenic cells. CONCLUSIONS Overall, FNDC5 was mainly expressed in cytoplasm and extracellular matrix with different expression levels at different developmental stages of skeletal muscle cells and tissues in mice. This study will provide new strategies for promoting skeletal muscle development and treating muscle- and metabolism-related disease by using irisin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Ding Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Pei Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Yilei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Yufang Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Pei Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Jiahui Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Pengxiang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Zhu
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Xiaomao Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Xiuju Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Haidong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030801, PR China.
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25
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Crudele L, De Matteis C, Piccinin E, Gadaleta RM, Cariello M, Di Buduo E, Piazzolla G, Suppressa P, Berardi E, Sabbà C, Moschetta A. Low HDL-cholesterol levels predict hepatocellular carcinoma development in individuals with liver fibrosis. JHEP Rep 2022; 5:100627. [PMID: 36561127 PMCID: PMC9763866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Dysmetabolic conditions could drive liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), increasing susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We therefore aimed to identify novel predictive biomarkers of HCC in patients with and without liver fibrosis. Methods A total of 1,234 patients with putative metabolic conditions and NAFLD were consecutively assessed in our outpatient clinic. Clinical and biochemical data were recorded, and then liver ultrasonography was performed annually for 5 years to detect HCC onset. For the analysis, the population was first divided according to HCC diagnosis; then a further subdivision of those who did not develop HCC was performed based on the presence or absence of liver fibrosis at time 0. Results Sixteen HCC cases were recorded in 5 years. None of our patients had been diagnosed with cirrhosis before HCC was detected. Compared to patients who did not develop HCC, those who did had higher liver transaminases and fibrosis scores at time 0 (p <0.001). In addition, they presented with increased glycated haemoglobin levels and lower 25-OH vitamin D levels (p <0.05). Intriguingly, patients with higher liver fibrosis scores who subsequently developed HCC had lower HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c) levels at time 0 (p <0.001). Furthermore, in the 484 patients presenting with lower HDL-c at baseline, we found that waist circumference, and then vitamin D and glycated haemoglobin levels, were significantly different in those who developed HCC, regardless of liver fibrosis (p <0.05). Conclusions This study identifies HDL-c as a bona fide novel marker to predict HCC in patients with NAFLD. Increased waist circumference and deranged metabolic pathways represent additional predisposing factors among patients with low HDL-c, highlighting the importance of studying cholesterol metabolism and integrating clinical approaches with dietary regimens and a healthy lifestyle to prevent HCC. Impact and implications Visceral adiposity and its associated conditions, such as chronic inflammation and insulin resistance, may play a pivotal role in hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We provide new insights on the underlying mechanisms of its pathogenesis, shedding light on the involvement of low levels of "good" HDL-cholesterol. We recommend integrating dietary regimens and advice on healthy lifestyles into the clinical management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, with the goal of reducing the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Key Words
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- APRI score
- APRI, AST-to-platelet ratio index
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- CVR, cardiovascular risk
- FA, fatty acid
- FIB-4, fibrosis-4
- GGT, gamma-glutamyltransferase
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HDL-c, HDL-cholesterol
- HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin
- LXRs, liver X receptors
- MetS, metabolic syndrome
- Metabolic syndrome
- NAFLD
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- RCT, reverse cholesterol transport
- TG, triglyceride
- Vitamin D
- WC, waist circumference
- Waist circumference
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucilla Crudele
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo De Matteis
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy,INBB National Institute for Biostructure and Biosystems, Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro 305 - 00136 Roma, Italy
| | - Elena Piccinin
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neurosciences and Sense organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Raffaella Maria Gadaleta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Marica Cariello
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Ersilia Di Buduo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Piazzolla
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Suppressa
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Elsa Berardi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Sabbà
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy,INBB National Institute for Biostructure and Biosystems, Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro 305 - 00136 Roma, Italy,Corresponding author. Address: Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy. Tel: +39 0805593262
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Gao B, Li X, Chen W, Wang S, He J, Liu Y, Ding C, Chen X. The associations between lipid profiles and visceral obesity among gastrointestinal cancer patients: a cross-sectional study. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:102. [PMID: 36242019 PMCID: PMC9563782 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01707-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Visceral obesity is associated with cancer incidence and prognosis. Altered lipid profiles are frequently seen in visceral obese patients. The blood test of lipid profiles is more convenient and has no radical side effects than computed tomography (CT), which is presently the most accurate way to measure visceral fat area. This article aims to investigate the associations between lipid profiles and visceral obesity in gastrointestinal cancer patients. Methods In total, 399 patients newly diagnosed with gastrointestinal cancer were enrolled in this observational study. Lipid profiles were obtained from blood samples, and visceral fat mass area (VFA) was measured by CT. VFA ≥ 100 cm2 was considered visceral obesity. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was utilized to evaluate the prognostic powers of lipid parameters for viscerally obese gastrointestinal cancer patients. Results Patients who had visceral obesity had higher triglyceride (TG) levels (1.20 ± 0.60 vs. 0.87 ± 0.57 mmo/L, P < 0.001), total cholesterol (TC) levels (3.57 ± 0.84 vs. 3.40 ± 0.82, P = 0.044), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) levels (2.08 ± 0.66 vs. 1.94 ± 0.66, P = 0.047) and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) levels (0.88 ± 0.24 vs. 1.00 ± 0.26, P < 0.001) than those in the normal group. TG was positively correlated with VFA (r = 0.299, P < 0.001), while HDL-C was inversely correlated with VFA (r = -0.237, P < 0.001). TG and HDL-C had predictive capacity for visceral obesity at cutoff levels of 0.92 mmol/L (AUROC 0.700, 95% CI, 0.653–0.745, P < 0.001) and 0.98 mmol/L (AUROC 0.700, 95% CI, 0.585–0.682, P < 0.001), respectively. TG > 0.92 mmol/L with HDL-C < 0.98 mmol/L was linked with an increased risk of visceral obesity (OR = 4.068, 95% CI, 2.338—7.079, P < 0.001). Conclusions Lipid profiles were significantly correlated with VFA. Gastrointestinal cancer patients with TG > 0.92 mmol/L and HDL-C < 0.98 mmol/L were at elevated risk of visceral obesity in the Chinese population. Identifying visceral obesity and taking proper actions in gastrointestinal cancers are helpful for overall tumor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangrui Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenqing Chen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu'an Wang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Gulou District, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, 1 Tianfei Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Gulou District, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaotian Chen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, China.
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Association of visceral and subcutaneous adiposity with tumor stage and Fuhrman grade in renal cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16718. [PMID: 36202890 PMCID: PMC9537539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher BMI has been associated with lower tumor stage and grade and improved survival in renal cell cancer (RCC). BMI cannot distinguish between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). We examined associations of BMI, VAT, SAT, total adipose tissue (TAT) and relative VAT (rVAT) with tumor stage and grade in RCC patients. In a Dutch multicenter population-based historical cohort study 1039 RCC patients diagnosed between 2008 and 2012 were assessed for VAT and SAT using Computed Tomography images at L3. Sex-stratified multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed (linearly per 10-unit increase) between BMI, VAT, SAT, TAT and relative VAT (rVAT) with tumor stage and Fuhrman grade. Higher VAT, TAT and rVAT were associated with a lower risk of stage IV versus stage I in males (OR 0.93; 95%CI 0.91–0.96, OR 0.95; 95%CI 0.93–0.98, OR 0.97; 95%CI 0.96–0.99, respectively). Females showed similar associations, but only higher VAT was statistically significantly associated with reduced risk of stage IV (OR 0.95 95%CI 0.89–1.00). No associations with grade, SAT or BMI were found. In conclusion, higher VAT and TAT was associated with lower risk of stage IV RCC. This might be due to weight loss or cancer cachexia in stage IV patients.
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Tarabrina AA, Ogorodova LM, Fedorova OS. Visceral Obesity: Terminology, Measurement, and Its Correlation with Inflammation. CURRENT PEDIATRICS 2022. [DOI: 10.15690/vsp.v21i4.2433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of childhood obesity in the world is significant and it is topical issue due to the high risk of chronic non-communicable diseases development. This article presents the analysis of pathogenetic role of visceral obesity, describes modern methods for measuring visceral adipose tissue, discusses major terminology on obesity. The current data on inflammation induced by excess of visceral adipose tissue and inflammasome’s role in this process are summed up. All the findings are crucial for the development of tools for prevention any obesity associated adverse effects in children.
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Liver Fibrosis Indices Predict the Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11185369. [PMID: 36143014 PMCID: PMC9500647 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovering novel risk and prognostic factors for COVID-19 may help not only in reducing severity and mortality but also in creating targeted therapies considering patients’ individual features. Liver fibrosis is considered a complication in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), it is a feature of steatohepatitis (NASH), and it has already been related to an increased risk for a wide range of diseases. Here, we aimed to define if any parameter assessing metabolic status has predictive power in identifying inpatients at risk for poorer prognosis and an increased mortality from COVID-19. This retrospective study was conducted at the Sub-Intensive Medicine Care Unit of the Presidio Maxi-Emergenze Fiera del Levante, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Bari, Italy. We evaluated 271 inpatients with moderate-to-severe SARS-CoV-2-related respiratory failure by comparing biochemical features and non-invasive liver fibrosis scores among discharged, transferred to Intensive Care Units (ICU) and non-survivor patients. Moreover, by performing ROC curves, we defined cut-off values to predict mortality and disease severity for each score. We found that non-invasive scores of liver fibrosis, obtained at day of admission, such as AAR (p < 0.001), FIB-4 and mFIB-4, FORNS, and AARPRI (p < 0.05) strongly predict not only in-hospital mortality but also the length of hospitalization and eventual admission to ICU. FIB-4 was the best score to identify non-survivor patients (sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 63%) and predict the need for ICU or mortality (71% of sensitivity and 65% of specificity), with a cut-off value of 1.94. Therefore, we present the predictive power and the cut-off values of several liver fibrosis scores here for disease severity and mortality in SARS-CoV-2 in-patients and we proposed the use of the present scores to identify ab initio the clinical therapeutic and diagnostic protocols for high-risk patients.
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Devericks EN, Carson MS, McCullough LE, Coleman MF, Hursting SD. The obesity-breast cancer link: a multidisciplinary perspective. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:607-625. [PMID: 35752704 PMCID: PMC9470704 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, exceptionally prevalent in the USA, promotes the incidence and progression of numerous cancer types including breast cancer. Complex, interacting metabolic and immune dysregulation marks the development of both breast cancer and obesity. Obesity promotes chronic low-grade inflammation, particularly in white adipose tissue, which drives immune dysfunction marked by increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production, alternative macrophage activation, and reduced T cell function. Breast tissue is predominantly composed of white adipose, and developing breast cancer readily and directly interacts with cells and signals from adipose remodeled by obesity. This review discusses the biological mechanisms through which obesity promotes breast cancer, the role of obesity in breast cancer health disparities, and dietary interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of obesity on breast cancer. We detail the intersection of obesity and breast cancer, with an emphasis on the shared and unique patterns of immune dysregulation in these disease processes. We have highlighted key areas of breast cancer biology exacerbated by obesity, including incidence, progression, and therapeutic response. We posit that interception of obesity-driven breast cancer will require interventions that limit protumor signaling from obese adipose tissue and that consider genetic, structural, and social determinants of the obesity–breast cancer link. Finally, we detail the evidence for various dietary interventions to offset obesity effects in clinical and preclinical studies of breast cancer. In light of the strong associations between obesity and breast cancer and the rising rates of obesity in many parts of the world, the development of effective, safe, well-tolerated, and equitable interventions to limit the burden of obesity on breast cancer are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N Devericks
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Meredith S Carson
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lauren E McCullough
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael F Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephen D Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA. .,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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31
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Mikłosz A, Nikitiuk BE, Chabowski A. Using adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells to fight the metabolic complications of obesity: Where do we stand? Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13413. [PMID: 34985174 PMCID: PMC9285813 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a critical risk factor for the development of metabolic diseases, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. Stem cell-based therapies have become a promising tool for therapeutic intervention. Among them are adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs), secreting numerous bioactive molecules, like growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines. Their unique features, including immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory properties, make them an ideal candidates for clinical applications. Numerous experimental studies have shown that ADMSCs can improve pancreatic islet cell viability and function, ameliorate hyperglycemia, improve insulin sensitivity, restore liver function, counteract dyslipidemia, lower pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reduce oxidative stress in the animal models. These results prompted scientists to use ADMSCs clinically. However, up to date, there have been few clinical studies or ongoing trails using ADMSCs to treat metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or liver cirrhosis. Most human studies have implemented autologous ADMSCs with minimal risk of cellular rejection. Because the functionality of ADMSCs is significantly reduced in subjects with obesity and/or metabolic syndrome, their efficacy is questioned. ADMSCs transplantation may offer a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of metabolic complications of obesity, but randomized controlled trials are required to establish their safety and efficacy in humans prior to routine clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Mikłosz
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Monocyte-to-HDL Ratio (MHR) Predicts Vitamin D Deficiency in Healthy and Metabolic Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in 1048 Subjects. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020347. [PMID: 35057532 PMCID: PMC8778051 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is often linked with Metabolic Syndrome, both being more frequent with ageing and associated with an increase inflammatory state. Recently, monocytes-to-high density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (MHR) has emerged as a powerful index to predict systemic inflammation. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the association between circulating vitamin D level (25-OH vitamin D) and inflammatory status in a population of 1048 adult individuals. Our study reveals an inverse association between 25-OH vitamin D levels and MHR in the overall population. When the population is stratified by gender, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI), we observed that while in men this relation is strongly significative only in condition of central obesity, in women a lifelong negative correlation exists between circulating 25-OH vitamin D and MHR and it is independent of the metabolic status. These observations underscore the relevance of circulating biomarkers such as MHR in the prediction of systemic inflammatory conditions sustained by vitamin D deficiency also in healthy and young women.
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Abukanna AMA, Alanazi ZMS, Alanazi AMH, Alenazi AHS, Alanazi AOA, Alenezi KA, Alsalmi GM. Obesity as a Risk Factor for Different Cancers: Systematic Review. CLINICAL CANCER INVESTIGATION JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.51847/k1awbiln5t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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