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Pérez-Prieto I, Plaza-Florido A, Ubago-Guisado E, Ortega FB, Altmäe S. Physical activity, sedentary behavior and microbiome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sci Med Sport 2024:S1440-2440(24)00227-5. [PMID: 39048485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of physical activity and sedentary behavior on human health are well known, however, the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Growing evidence points to physical activity as an important modulator of the composition and function of microbial communities, while evidence of sedentary behavior is scarce. We aimed to synthesize and meta-analyze the current evidence about the effects of physical activity and sedentary behavior on microbiome across different body sites and in different populations. METHODS A systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane databases was conducted until September 2022. Random-effects meta-analyses including cross-sectional studies (active vs. inactive/athletes vs. non-athletes) or trials reporting the chronic effect of physical activity interventions on gut microbiome alpha-diversity in healthy individuals were performed. RESULTS Ninety-one studies were included in this systematic review. Our meta-analyses of 2632 participants indicated no consistent effect of physical activity on microbial alpha-diversity, although there seems to be a trend toward a higher microbial richness in athletes compared to non-athletes. Most of studies reported an increase in short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria such as Akkermansia, Faecalibacterium, Veillonella or Roseburia in active individuals and after physical activity interventions. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity levels were positively associated with the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria. Athletes seem to have a richer microbiome compared to non-athletes. However, high heterogeneity between studies avoids obtaining conclusive information on the role of physical activity in microbial composition. Future multi-omics studies would enhance our understanding of the molecular effects of physical activity and sedentary behavior on the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Pérez-Prieto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Spain.
| | - Abel Plaza-Florido
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Spain; Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, UC Irvine School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Esther Ubago-Guisado
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain; Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Signe Altmäe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Spain; Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Lavilla-Lerma ML, Aibar-Almazán A, Martínez-Amat A, Jiménez-García JD, Hita-Contreras F. Moderate-intensity continuous training and high-intensity interval training modulate the composition of the oral microbiota of elderly adults: Randomized controlled trial. Maturitas 2024; 185:107973. [PMID: 38579579 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2024.107973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigates the effects of 16-week high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on the composition of the oral microbiota. To the best of our knowledge, at the time of writing this paper no other scholars had described the oral metagenomic changes associated with prescribed exercise in older adults. METHODS Forty-three participants aged 60-74 years were randomized 1:1:1 to a control group, high-intensity interval training or moderate-intensity continuous training twice weekly for 16 weeks. Saliva samples were sequenced at baseline, week 8 and week 16 of intervention. RESULTS High-intensity interval training produced significant differences over time in Richness and a clear trend to decreased Simpson and Shannon diversity indices. In contrast, Simpson and Shannon indices showed an upward trend over time with moderate-intensity continuous training, which also decreased Firmicutes and increased Bacteroidetes levels. Significant differences in the abundance of pathogenic species were also observed after the participants completed the exercise interventions of either type. CONCLUSIONS Both types of exercise promoted subtle changes in the oral microbiota, confirming the modulatory effect of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on the oral microbiome. Clinical trial registration NCT05220670.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agustín Aibar-Almazán
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Heath Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Antonio Martínez-Amat
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Heath Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | | | - Fidel Hita-Contreras
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Heath Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
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Hu X, Feng J, Lu J, Pang R, Zhang A, Liu J, Gou X, Bai X, Wang J, Chang C, Yin J, Wang Y, Xiao H, Wang Q, Cheng H, Chang Y, Wang W. Effects of exoskeleton-assisted walking on bowel function in motor-complete spinal cord injury patients: involvement of the brain-gut axis, a pilot study. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1395671. [PMID: 38952922 PMCID: PMC11215087 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1395671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence has demonstrated that exoskeleton robots can improve intestinal function in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unelucidated. This study investigated the effects of exoskeleton-assisted walking (EAW) on intestinal function and intestinal flora structure in T2-L1 motor complete paraplegia patients. The results showed that five participants in the EAW group and three in the conventional group reported improvements in at least one bowel management index, including an increased frequency of bowel evacuations, less time spent on bowel management per day, and less external assistance (manual digital stimulation, medication, and enema usage). After 8 weeks of training, the amount of glycerol used in the EAW group decreased significantly (p <0.05). The EAW group showed an increasing trend in the neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD) score after 8 weeks of training, while the conventional group showed a worsening trend. Patients who received the EAW intervention exhibited a decreased abundance of Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia, while Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were upregulated. In addition, there were decreases in the abundances of Bacteroides, Prevotella, Parabacteroides, Akkermansia, Blautia, Ruminococcus 2, and Megamonas. In contrast, Ruminococcus 1, Ruminococcaceae UCG002, Faecalibacterium, Dialister, Ralstonia, Escherichia-Shigella, and Bifidobacterium showed upregulation among the top 15 genera. The abundance of Ralstonia was significantly higher in the EAW group than in the conventional group, and Dialister increased significantly in EAW individuals at 8 weeks. This study suggests that EAW can improve intestinal function of SCI patients in a limited way, and may be associated with changes in the abundance of intestinal flora, especially an increase in beneficial bacteria. In the future, we need to further understand the changes in microbial groups caused by EAW training and all related impact mechanisms, especially intestinal flora metabolites. Clinical trial registration: https://www.chictr.org.cn/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiachun Lu
- Chengdu Eighth People’s Hospital (Geriatric Hospital of Chengdu Medical College), Chengdu, China
| | - Rizhao Pang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Anren Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiancheng Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Gou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingang Bai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Junyu Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Chang
- Chengdu Eighth People’s Hospital (Geriatric Hospital of Chengdu Medical College), Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunyun Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Care Alliance Jinchen Rehabilitation Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Youjun Chang
- Sichuan Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital, Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Chengdu University of T.C.M., Chengdu, China
| | - Wenchun Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
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Gao X, Zhang P. Exercise perspective: Benefits and mechanisms of gut microbiota on the body. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 49:508-515. [PMID: 39019779 PMCID: PMC11255194 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2024.230550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Gut microbiota refers to the vast and diverse community of microorganisms residing in the intestines. Factors such as genetics, environmental influences (e.g., exercise, diet), and early life experiences (e.g., infant feeding methods) can all affect the ecological balance of gut microbiota within the body. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is associated with extra-intestinal diseases such as Parkinson's syndrome, osteoporosis, and autoimmune diseases, suggesting that disturbances in gut microbiota may be one of the causes of these diseases. Exercise benefits various diseases, with gut microbiota playing a role in regulating the nervous, musculoskeletal, and immune systems. Gut microbiota can impact the body's health status through the gut-brain axis, gut-muscle axis, and immune pathways. Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise can increase the quantity of gut microbiota and change microbial abundance, although short-term exercise does not significantly affect the alpha diversity of the microbiota. Resistance exercise also does not have a significant regulatory effect on gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Peizhen Zhang
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Min L, Ablitip A, Wang R, Luciana T, Wei M, Ma X. Effects of Exercise on Gut Microbiota of Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2024; 16:1070. [PMID: 38613103 PMCID: PMC11013040 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The equilibrium between gut microbiota (GM) and the host plays a pivotal role in maintaining overall health, influencing various physiological and metabolic functions. Emerging research suggests that exercise modulates the abundance and functionality of gut bacteria, yet the comprehensive effects on GM diversity remain to be synthesized. OBJECTIVES AND DESIGN The study aims to quantitatively examine the effect of exercise on the diversity of gut microbiota of adults using a systemic review and meta-analysis approach. METHODS PubMed, Ebsco, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data were searched from their inception to September 2023. Exercise intervention studies with a control group that describe and compare the composition of GM in adults, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, were included in this meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 25 studies were included in this meta-analysis with a total of 1044 participants. Based on a fixed-effects model [Chi2 = 29.40, df = 20 (p = 0.08); I2 = 32%], the pooled analysis showed that compared with the control group, exercise intervention can significantly increase the alpha diversity of adult GM, using the Shannon index as an example [WMD = 0.05, 95% CI (0.00, 0.09); Z = 1.99 (p = 0.05)]. In addition, exercise interventions were found to significantly alter GM, notably decreasing Bacteroidetes and increasing Firmicutes, indicating a shift in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. The subgroup analysis indicates that females and older adults appear to exhibit more significant changes in the Shannon Index and observed OTUs. CONCLUSIONS Exercise may be a promising way to improve GM in adults. In particular, the Shannon index was significantly increased after exercise. Distinct responses in GM diversity to exercise interventions based on gender and age implicated that more research was needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leizi Min
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (L.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Alimjan Ablitip
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (L.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Rui Wang
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (L.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Torquati Luciana
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2HZ, UK;
| | - Mengxian Wei
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (L.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Xindong Ma
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (L.M.); (A.A.)
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Fernandez-Sanjurjo M, Fernandez J, Martinez-Camblor P, Rodriguez-Alonso M, Ortolano-Rios R, Pinto-Hernandez P, Castilla-Silgado J, Coto-Vilcapoma A, Ruiz L, Villar CJ, Tomas-Zapico C, Margolles A, Fernandez-Garcia B, Iglesias-Gutierrez E, Lombó F. Dynamics of Gut Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids during a Cycling Grand Tour Are Related to Exercise Performance and Modulated by Dietary Intake. Nutrients 2024; 16:661. [PMID: 38474789 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular exercise has been described to modify both the diversity and the relative abundance of certain bacterial taxa. To our knowledge, the effect of a cycling stage race, which entails extreme physiological and metabolic demands, on the gut microbiota composition and its metabolic activity has not been analysed. OBJECTIVE The aim of this cohort study was to analyse the dynamics of faecal microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) content of professional cyclists over a Grand Tour and their relationship with performance and dietary intake. METHODS 16 professional cyclists competing in La Vuelta 2019 were recruited. Faecal samples were collected at four time points: the day before the first stage (A); after 9 stages (B); after 15 stages (C); and on the last stage (D). Faecal microbiota populations and SCFA content were analysed using 16S rRNA sequencing and gas chromatography, respectively. A principal component analysis (PCA) followed by Generalised Estimating Equation (GEE) models were carried out to explore the dynamics of microbiota and SCFAs and their relationship with performance. RESULTS Bifidobacteriaceae, Coriobacteriaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Sutterellaceae dynamics showed a strong final performance predictive value (r = 0.83, ranking, and r = 0.81, accumulated time). Positive correlations were observed between Coriobacteriaceae with acetate (r = 0.530) and isovalerate (r = 0.664) and between Bifidobacteriaceae with isobutyrate (r = 0.682). No relationship was observed between SCFAs and performance. The abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae at the beginning of La Vuelta was directly related to the previous intake of complex-carbohydrate-rich foods (r = 0.956), while during the competition, the abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae was negatively affected by the intake of simple carbohydrates from supplements (r = -0.650). CONCLUSIONS An ecological perspective represents more realistically the relationship between gut microbiota composition and performance compared to single-taxon approaches. The composition and periodisation of diet and supplementation during a Grand Tour, particularly carbohydrates, could be designed to modulate gut microbiota composition to allow better performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Fernandez-Sanjurjo
- Department of Functional Biology (Physiology), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Translational Interventions for Health (ITS) Group, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Javier Fernandez
- University Institute of Oncology (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Functional Biology (Microbiology), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds (BIONUC) Group, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Martinez-Camblor
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia 7500912, Chile
| | | | - Raquel Ortolano-Rios
- Research Centre for High Performance Sport, Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Paola Pinto-Hernandez
- Department of Functional Biology (Physiology), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Translational Interventions for Health (ITS) Group, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Castilla-Silgado
- Department of Functional Biology (Physiology), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Basic-Clinical Research in Neurology Group, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Almudena Coto-Vilcapoma
- Department of Functional Biology (Physiology), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Basic-Clinical Research in Neurology Group, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Lorena Ruiz
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Dairy Research Institute of Asturias-Spanish Research Council (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain
- Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes (MicroHealth) Group, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Claudio J Villar
- University Institute of Oncology (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Functional Biology (Microbiology), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds (BIONUC) Group, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cristina Tomas-Zapico
- Department of Functional Biology (Physiology), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Translational Interventions for Health (ITS) Group, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Abelardo Margolles
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Dairy Research Institute of Asturias-Spanish Research Council (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain
- Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes (MicroHealth) Group, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Benjamin Fernandez-Garcia
- Department of Functional Biology (Physiology), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology (Anatomy), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eduardo Iglesias-Gutierrez
- Department of Functional Biology (Physiology), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Translational Interventions for Health (ITS) Group, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Felipe Lombó
- University Institute of Oncology (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Functional Biology (Microbiology), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds (BIONUC) Group, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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Komodromou I, Andreou E, Vlahoyiannis A, Christofidou M, Felekkis K, Pieri M, Giannaki CD. Exploring the Dynamic Relationship between the Gut Microbiome and Body Composition across the Human Lifespan: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:660. [PMID: 38474787 PMCID: PMC10934951 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to identify different gut microbiome profiles across the human lifespan and to correlate such profiles with the body composition. PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane were searched from inception to March 2022. Sixty studies were included in this systematic review. Overall, the gut microbiome composition in overweight participants exhibited decreased α-diversity, decreased levels of the phylum Bacteroidetes and its taxa, and increased levels of the phylum Firmicutes, its taxa, and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, in comparison to normal-weight participants. Other body composition parameters showed similar correlations. Fat mass and waist circumference were found to correlate positively with the Firmicutes taxa and negatively with the Bacteroidetes taxa. In contrast, lean body mass and muscle mass demonstrated a positive correlation with the Bacteroidetes taxa. Notably, these correlations were more pronounced in athletes than in obese and normal-weight individuals. The composition of the gut microbiome is evidently different in overweight individuals or athletes of all age groups, with the former tending towards decreased Bacteroidetes taxa and increased Firmicutes taxa, while a reversed relationship is observed concerning athletes. Further studies are needed to explore the dynamic relationship between energy intake, body composition, and the gut microbiome across the human lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifigeneia Komodromou
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus; (I.K.); (E.A.); (A.V.); (M.C.); (K.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Eleni Andreou
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus; (I.K.); (E.A.); (A.V.); (M.C.); (K.F.); (M.P.)
- Research Centre for Exercise and Nutrition (RECEN), 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Angelos Vlahoyiannis
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus; (I.K.); (E.A.); (A.V.); (M.C.); (K.F.); (M.P.)
- Research Centre for Exercise and Nutrition (RECEN), 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Christofidou
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus; (I.K.); (E.A.); (A.V.); (M.C.); (K.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Kyriacos Felekkis
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus; (I.K.); (E.A.); (A.V.); (M.C.); (K.F.); (M.P.)
- Research Centre for Exercise and Nutrition (RECEN), 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Myrtani Pieri
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus; (I.K.); (E.A.); (A.V.); (M.C.); (K.F.); (M.P.)
- Research Centre for Exercise and Nutrition (RECEN), 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christoforos D. Giannaki
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus; (I.K.); (E.A.); (A.V.); (M.C.); (K.F.); (M.P.)
- Research Centre for Exercise and Nutrition (RECEN), 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
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Gao C, Wei J, Lu C, Wang L, Dong D, Sun M. A new perspective in intestinal microecology: lifting the veil of exercise regulation of cardiometabolic diseases. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2404141. [PMID: 39305272 PMCID: PMC11418258 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2404141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), encompassing cardiovascular and metabolic dysfunctions, characterized by insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation, have been identified with boosting morbidity and mortality due to the dearth of efficacious therapeutic interventions. In recent years, studies have shown that variations in gut microbiota and its own metabolites can influence the occurrence of CMDs. Intriguingly, the composition and function of the gut microbiota are susceptible to exercise patterns, thus affecting inflammatory, immune, and metabolic responses within the host. In this review, we introduce the key mechanisms of intestinal microecology involved in the onset and development of CMDs, discuss the relationship between exercise and intestinal microecology, and then analyze the role of intestinal microecology in the beneficial effects of exercise on CMDs, aiming at elucidating the gut-heart axis mechanisms of exercise mediated protective effect on CMDs, building avenues for the application of exercise in the management of CMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Gao
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Jinwen Wei
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Changxu Lu
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Lijie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Dan Dong
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Mingli Sun
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
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Cullen JMA, Shahzad S, Dhillon J. A systematic review on the effects of exercise on gut microbial diversity, taxonomic composition, and microbial metabolites: identifying research gaps and future directions. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1292673. [PMID: 38187136 PMCID: PMC10770260 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1292673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome, hosting a diverse microbial community, plays a pivotal role in metabolism, immunity, and digestion. While the potential of exercise to influence this microbiome has been increasingly recognized, findings remain incongruous. This systematic review examined the effects of exercise on the gut microbiome of human and animal models. Databases (i.e., PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched up to June 2022. Thirty-two exercise studies, i.e., 19 human studies, and 13 animal studies with a minimum of two groups that discussed microbiome outcomes, such as diversity, taxonomic composition, or microbial metabolites, over the intervention period, were included in the systematic review (PROSPERO registration numbers for human review: CRD42023394223). Results indicated that over 50% of studies found no significant exercise effect on human microbial diversity. When evident, exercise often augmented the Shannon index, reflecting enhanced microbial richness and evenness, irrespective of disease status. Changes in beta-diversity metrics were also documented with exercise but without clear directionality. A larger percentage of animal studies demonstrated shifts in diversity compared to human studies, but without any distinct patterns, mainly due to the varied effects of predominantly aerobic exercise on diversity metrics. In terms of taxonomic composition, in humans, exercise usually led to a decrease in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and consistent increases with Bacteroides and Roseburia genera. In animal models, Coprococcus, another short chain fatty acid (SCFA) producer, consistently rose with exercise. Generally, SCFA producers were found to increase with exercise in animal models. With regard to metabolites, SCFAs emerged as the most frequently measured metabolite. However, due to limited human and animal studies examining exercise effects on microbial-produced metabolites, including SCFAs, clear patterns did not emerge. The overall risk of bias was deemed neutral. In conclusion, this comprehensive systematic review underscores that exercise can potentially impact the gut microbiome with indications of changes in taxonomic composition. The significant variability in study designs and intervention protocols demands more standardized methodologies and robust statistical models. A nuanced understanding of the exercise-microbiome relationship could guide individualized exercise programs to optimize health. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=394223, identifier CRD42023394223.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M A Cullen
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Shahim Shahzad
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jaapna Dhillon
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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10
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Pedroza Matute S, Iyavoo S. Exploring the gut microbiota: lifestyle choices, disease associations, and personal genomics. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1225120. [PMID: 37867494 PMCID: PMC10585655 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1225120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a rich and dynamic ecosystem that actively interacts with the human body, playing a significant role in the state of health and disease of the host. Diet, exercise, mental health, and other factors have exhibited the ability to influence the gut bacterial composition, leading to changes that can prevent and improve, or favor and worsen, both intestinal and extra-intestinal conditions. Altered gut microbial states, or 'dysbiosis', associated with conditions and diseases are often characterized by shifts in bacterial abundance and diversity, including an impaired Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio. By understanding the effect of lifestyle on the gut microbiota, personalized advice can be generated to suit each individual profile and foster the adoption of lifestyle changes that can both prevent and ameliorate dysbiosis. The delivery of effective and reliable advice, however, depends not only on the available research and current understanding of the topic, but also on the methods used to assess individuals and to discover the associations, which can introduce bias at multiple stages. The aim of this review is to summarize how human gut microbial variability is defined and what lifestyle choices and diseases have shown association with gut bacterial composition. Furthermore, popular methods to investigate the human gut microbiota are outlined, with a focus on the possible bias caused by the lack of use of standardized methods. Finally, an overview of the current state of personalized advice based on gut microbiota testing is presented, underlining its power and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sasitaran Iyavoo
- Nkaarco Diagnostics Limited, Norwich, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, College of Health and Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
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11
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Deng R, Wang M, Song Y, Shi Y. A Bibliometric Analysis on the Research Trend of Exercise and the Gut Microbiome. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040903. [PMID: 37110325 PMCID: PMC10141121 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This article aims to provide an overview of research hotspots and trends in exercise and the gut microbiome, a field which has recently gained increasing attention. The relevant publications on exercise and the gut microbiome were identified from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The publication types were limited to articles and reviews. VOSviewer 1.6.18 (Centre for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands) and the R package "bibliometrix" (R Foundation: Vienna, Austria) were used to conduct a bibliometric analysis. A total of 327 eligible publications were eventually identified, including 245 original articles and 82 reviews. A time trend analysis showed that the number of publications rapidly increased after 2014. The leading countries/regions in this field were the USA, China, and Europe. Most of the active institutions were from Europe and the USA. Keyword analysis showed that the relationship between disease, the gut microbiome, and exercise occurs throughout the development of this field of research. The interactions between the gut microbiota, exercise, status of the host's internal environment, and probiotics, are important facets as well. The research topic evolution presents a trend of multidisciplinary and multi-perspective comprehensive analysis. Exercise might become an effective intervention for disease treatment by regulating the gut microbiome. The innovation of exercise-centered lifestyle intervention therapy may become a significant trend in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyi Deng
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mopei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiation Sickness, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yahan Song
- Library, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanyan Shi
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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12
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Boytar AN, Skinner TL, Wallen RE, Jenkins DG, Dekker Nitert M. The Effect of Exercise Prescription on the Human Gut Microbiota and Comparison between Clinical and Apparently Healthy Populations: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061534. [PMID: 36986264 PMCID: PMC10054511 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study systematically reviewed all human longitudinal exercise interventions that reported changes in the gut microbiota; frequency, intensity, duration and type of exercise were assessed to determine the influence of these variables on changes to the gut microbiota in both healthy individuals and clinical populations (PROPERO registration: CRD42022309854). Using PRISMA guidelines, trials analysing gut microbiota change with exercise interventions were included independent of trial randomisation, population, trial duration or analysis technique. Studies were excluded when microbiota abundance was not reported or when exercise was combined with other interventions. Twenty-eight trials were included, of which twelve involved healthy populations only and sixteen involved mixed or clinical-only populations. The findings show that participation in exercise of moderate to high-intensity for 30-90 min ≥3 times per week (or between 150-270 min per week) for ≥8 weeks is likely to produce changes in the gut microbiota. Exercise appears to be effective in modifying the gut microbiota in both clinical and healthy populations. A more robust methodology is needed in future studies to improve the certainty of the evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Boytar
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Tina L Skinner
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ruby E Wallen
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - David G Jenkins
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia
- Applied Sports Science Technology and Medicine Research Centre, Swansea University, Wales SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Marloes Dekker Nitert
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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13
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Memili A, Lulla A, Liu H, Shikany JM, Jacobs DR, Langsetmo L, North KE, Jones C, Launer LJ, Meyer KA. Physical activity and diet associations with the gut microbiota in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. J Nutr 2023; 153:552-561. [PMID: 36775672 PMCID: PMC10127529 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota may influence metabolic pathways related to chronic health conditions. Evidence for physical activity and diet influences on gut microbial composition exists, but data from diverse population-based cohort studies are limited. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that gut microbial diversity and genera are associated with physical activity and diet quality. METHODS Data were from 537 participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study, a prospective cohort, who attended the year 30 follow-up examination (2015-2016; aged 47-61 y; 45% Black race/55% White race; 45% men/55% women). The 16S ribosomal RNA marker gene was sequenced from stool DNA, and genus-level taxonomy was assigned. Within-person microbial diversity (α-diversity) was assessed with Shannon diversity index and richness scores; between-person diversity (β-diversity) measures were generated with principal coordinates analysis (PCoA). Current and long-term physical activity and diet quality measures were derived from data collected over 30 y of follow-up. Multivariable-adjusted regression analysis controlled for: sociodemographic variables (age, race, sex, education, and field center), other health behaviors (smoking, alcohol consumption, and medication use), and adjusted for multiple comparisons with the false discovery rate (<0.20). RESULTS Based on PCoA β-diversity, participants' microbial community compositions differed significantly (P < 0.001), with respect to both current and long-term physical activity and diet quality. α-Diversity was associated only with current physical activity (positively) in multivariable-adjusted analysis. Multiple genera (n = 45) were associated with physical activity and fewer with diet (n = 5), including positive associations with Lachnospiraceae UCG-001 and Ruminococcaceae IncertaeSedis with both behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity and diet quality were associated with gut microbial composition among 537 participants in the CARDIA study. Multiple genera were associated with physical activity. Physical activity and diet quality were associated with genera consistent with pathways related to inflammation and short-chain fatty acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Memili
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anju Lulla
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Departments of Biology, iBGS, and Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James M Shikany
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lisa Langsetmo
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Corbin Jones
- Departments of Biology, iBGS, and Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Katie A Meyer
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA.
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14
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The intestinal microbiome modulates the risk of several age-related chronic diseases and syndromes, including frailty and neurodegenerative diseases. Herein we provided an update on the influence of gut microbiota on physical and cognitive performance in older age and suggest microbiota-targeted interventions for healthy ageing. RECENT FINDINGS Low uniqueness index of the gut microbiome and high representation of Bacteroides are independently associated with mortality in older individuals, while the centenarian microbiome is characterized by high abundance of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria . Frailty syndrome, sarcopenia and cognitive decline are associated with reduced faecal microbiota biodiversity, reduced abundance of bacteria able to synthetize short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii , and reduced faecal butyrate levels. Dietary intervention, especially involving Mediterranean diet, and exercise training seem to be associated with improved biodiversity of the microbiota, increased capacity of SCFA synthesis and, probably, protection against the onset of frailty and cognitive decline. SUMMARY The gut microbiota biodiversity and composition may reflect the different ageing trajectory, but further research is needed to understand potential independent and combined effects of environmental and lifestyle factors in older adults, especially from a clinical point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Strasser
- Medical Faculty, Sigmund Freud Private University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Ticinesi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma
- Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
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15
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Bielik V, Hric I, Ugrayová S, Kubáňová L, Putala M, Grznár Ľ, Penesová A, Havranová A, Šardzíková S, Grendar M, Baranovičová E, Šoltys K, Kolisek M. Effect of High-intensity Training and Probiotics on Gut Microbiota Diversity in Competitive Swimmers: Randomized Controlled Trial. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:64. [PMID: 35536489 PMCID: PMC9091066 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00453-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical exercise has favorable effects on the structure of gut microbiota and metabolite production in sedentary subjects. However, little is known whether adjustments in an athletic program impact overall changes of gut microbiome in high-level athletes. We therefore characterized fecal microbiota and serum metabolites in response to a 7-week, high-intensity training program and consumption of probiotic Bryndza cheese. METHODS Fecal and blood samples and training logs were collected from young competitive male (n = 17) and female (n = 7) swimmers. Fecal microbiota were categorized using specific primers targeting the V1-V3 region of 16S rDNA, and serum metabolites were characterized by NMR-spectroscopic analysis and by multivariate statistical analysis, Spearman rank correlations, and Random Forest models. RESULTS We found higher α-diversity, represented by the Shannon index value (HITB-pre 5.9 [± 0.4]; HITB-post 6.4 [± 0.4], p = 0.007), (HIT-pre 5.5 [± 0.6]; HIT-post 5.9 [± 0.6], p = 0.015), after the end of the training program in both groups independently of Bryndza cheese consumption. However, Lactococcus spp. increased in both groups, with a higher effect in the Bryndza cheese consumers (HITB-pre 0.0021 [± 0.0055]; HITB-post 0.0268 [± 0.0542], p = 0.008), (HIT-pre 0.0014 [± 0.0036]; HIT-post 0.0068 [± 0.0095], p = 0.046). Concomitant with the increase of high-intensity exercise and the resulting increase of anaerobic metabolism proportion, pyruvate (p[HITB] = 0.003; p[HIT] = 0.000) and lactate (p[HITB] = 0.000; p[HIT] = 0.030) increased, whereas acetate (p[HITB] = 0.000; p[HIT] = 0.002) and butyrate (p[HITB] = 0.091; p[HIT] = 0.019) significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data demonstrate a significant effect of high-intensity training (HIT) on both gut microbiota composition and serum energy metabolites. Thus, the combination of intensive athletic training with the use of natural probiotics is beneficial because of the increase in the relative abundance of lactic acid bacteria.
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Grants
- 1/0554/19 The Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic
- 1/0129/20 The Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic
- 1/0260/21 The Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic
- APVV-17-0099 Agentúra Ministerstva Školstva, Vedy, Výskumu a Športu SR
- APVV-19-0222 Agentúra Ministerstva Školstva, Vedy, Výskumu a Športu SR
- The Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Bielik
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University in Bratislava, 814 69, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Ivan Hric
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University in Bratislava, 814 69, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Simona Ugrayová
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University in Bratislava, 814 69, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Libuša Kubáňová
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University in Bratislava, 814 69, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Biomedical Center, Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matúš Putala
- Department of Outdoor Sports and Swimming, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University in Bratislava, 814 69, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľuboš Grznár
- Department of Outdoor Sports and Swimming, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University in Bratislava, 814 69, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Adela Penesová
- Biomedical Center, Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Havranová
- Biomedical Center, Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sára Šardzíková
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marián Grendar
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Eva Baranovičová
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Šoltys
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Comenius University Science Park, Comenius University in Bratislava, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Kolisek
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia
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The Relationship between Physical Activity, Physical Exercise, and Human Gut Microbiota in Healthy and Unhealthy Subjects: A Systematic Review. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030479. [PMID: 35336852 PMCID: PMC8945171 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary To date, the influence that physical activity (PA)/physical exercise (PE) can exert on the human gut microbiota (GM) is still poorly understood. Several issues arise in structuring research in this area, starting from the association between PA/PE and diet. Indeed, the diet of an individual is a key factor for the composition of the GM and those who regularly practice PA/PE, generally, have dietary patterns favorable to the creation of an ideal environment for the proliferation of a GM capable of contributing to the host’s health. It is therefore difficult to establish with certainty whether the effects generated on the GM are due to a PA protocol, the type of diet followed, or to both. In addition, most of the available studies use animal models to investigate a possible correlation between PA/PE and changes in the GM, which may be not necessarily applied to humans. Evidence suggests that aerobic PA/PE seems capable of producing significant changes in GM; training parameters, likewise, can differentially influence the GM in young or elderly people and these changes appear to be transient and reversible. Abstract Several studies have been conducted to find at least an association between physical activity (PA)/ physical exercise (PE) and the possibility to modulate the gut microbiome (GM). However, the specific effects produced on the human GM by different types of PA/PE, different training modalities, and their age-related effects are not yet fully understood. Therefore, this systematic review aims to evaluate and summarize the current scientific evidence investigating the bi-directional relationship between PA/PE and the human GM, with a specific focus on the different types/variables of PA/PE and age-related effects, in healthy and unhealthy people. A systematic search was conducted across four databases (Web of Science, Medline (PubMed), Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library). Information was extracted using the populations, exposure, intervention, comparison, outcomes (PICOS) format. The Oxford Quality Scoring System Scale, the Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool, and the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies were used as a qualitative measure of the review. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (code: CRD42022302725). The following data items were extracted: author, year of publication, study design, number and age of participants, type of PA/PE carried out, protocol/workload and diet assessment, duration of intervention, measurement tools used, and main outcomes. Two team authors reviewed 694 abstracts for inclusion and at the end of the screening process, only 76 full texts were analyzed. Lastly, only 25 research articles met the eligibility criteria. The synthesis of these findings suggests that GM diversity is associated with aerobic exercise contrary to resistance training; abundance of Prevotella genus seems to be correlated with training duration; no significant change in GM richness and diversity are detected when exercising according to the minimum dose recommended by the World Health Organizations; intense and prolonged PE can induce a higher abundance of pro-inflammatory bacteria; PA does not lead to significant GM α/β-diversity in elderly people (60+ years). The heterogeneity of the training parameters used in the studies, diet control, and different sequencing methods are the main confounders. Thus, this systematic review can provide an in-depth overview of the relationship between PA/PE and the human intestinal microbiota and, at the same time, provide indications from the athletic and health perspective.
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Logan AC, Berman BM, Prescott SL. Earth Dreams: Reimagining ARPA for Health of People, Places and Planet. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12788. [PMID: 34886514 PMCID: PMC8657388 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bold new approaches are urgently needed to overcome global health challenges. The proposed Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health (ARPA-H) is intended to provide rapid health breakthroughs. While new technologies for earlier disease detection and more effective treatment are critical, we urge equal attention be given to the wider (physical, emotional, social, political, and economic) environmental ecosystems driving the non-communicable disease (NCD) crisis in the first place. This requires an integrated, cross-sectoral vision that spans the interwoven connections affecting health across the scales of people, places, and planet. This wider "exposome" perspective considers biopsychosocial factors that promote resilience and reduce vulnerabilities of individuals and communities over time-the many variables driving health disparities. Since life course health is strongly determined by early life environments, early interventions should be prioritized as a matter of effectiveness and social justice. Here, we explore the origins of the Advanced Research Project Agency and point to its potential to build integrated solutions, with wisdom and ethical value systems as a compass. Since the planned ARPA-H is anticipated to spawn international collaborations, the imagined concept is of relevance to a broad audience of researchers. With appropriate input, the quest for health equity through personalized, precision medicine while deconstructing unacceptable structural inequities may be accelerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan C. Logan
- Nova Institute for Health of People, Places and Planet, 1407 Fleet Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (A.C.L.); (B.M.B.)
| | - Brian M. Berman
- Nova Institute for Health of People, Places and Planet, 1407 Fleet Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (A.C.L.); (B.M.B.)
- Center for Integrative Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Susan L. Prescott
- Nova Institute for Health of People, Places and Planet, 1407 Fleet Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (A.C.L.); (B.M.B.)
- Center for Integrative Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- inVIVO Planetary Health, Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- ORIGINS Project, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children’s Hospital, University of Western Australia, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WE 6009, Australia
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