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Jobet Bustos E, Loyola Alegría MI, Ortiz Castro C, Rigotti A, Echeverría G, Mallea C, Barja S. [Improvement in adherence to Mediterranean diet in children attending preschool centers]. NUTR HOSP 2024; 41:58-68. [PMID: 38095069 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Background: the Mediterranean diet has been associated with a lower prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome, and with healthier lifestyles in adults and children, but data is scarce in younger ages. The Mediterranean-type ecosystem of the central region of Chile as well as its traditional gastronomy would facilitate the adoption of this dietary pattern. Objectives: to assess the adherence to Mediterranean diet in preschoolers and their parents, and to evaluate the impact of a nutrition education intervention and diet implementation. Methods: prospective cohort study. The KidMed index was applied to children older than 18 months, and the Mediterranean Dietary Index in Chile (Chilean-MDI) to their parents, before and after a remote educational intervention. Results: one hundred and thirty-nine families participated, with 95 preschoolers; 56 % were girls, aged 26.2 ± 8.7 months. The basal mean KidMed score was 7.4 ± 1.9 and increased to 7.9 ± 1.9 after the intervention (p = 0.1). The Chilean-MDI score was 6.9 ± 1.8 and 7.1 ± 1.7, respectively (p = 0.09). When separated by categories, there was improvement from low and moderate adherence to optimal adherence in both children and their parents (Chi2, p = 0.009 y p = 0.04). In 58 dyads, there was a positive correlation between the KidMed and the Chilean-MDI index, pre- and post-intervention (Pearson R = 0.3 y 0.34; p = 0.004 y 0.003, respectively). Conclusions: most of these sample of preschoolers and their parents had a moderate adherence to Mediterranean diet, with an improvement after an educational intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Jobet Bustos
- Programa de Pediatría. Escuela de Medicina. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | | | | | - Attilio Rigotti
- Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo. Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas. Facultad de Medicina. Pontificia Universidad Católica
| | - Guadalupe Echeverría
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, y Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo. Escuela de Medicina. Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Claudia Mallea
- .Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas. Facultad de Medicina. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Salesa Barja
- Departamento de Gastroenterología Pediátrica y Nutrición. Facultad de Medicina. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.Hospital Josefina Martínez
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Pavlidou E, Papadopoulou SK, Alexatou O, Voulgaridou G, Mentzelou M, Biskanaki F, Psara E, Tsourouflis G, Lefantzis N, Dimoliani S, Apostolou T, Sampani A, Chatziprodromidou IP, Angelakou EP, Giaginis C. Childhood Mediterranean Diet Adherence Is Associated with Lower Prevalence of Childhood Obesity, Specific Sociodemographic, and Lifestyle Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Pre-School Children. EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2023; 5:11-28. [PMID: 38247997 PMCID: PMC10801514 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia5010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been related with a decreased probability of overweight/obesity as well as central obesity at all stages of the human life, decreasing the risk of diverse disease states and improving quality of life. Over the last few years, the prevalence of childhood overweight/obesity and especially abdominal obesity has highly increased worldwide, being associated with a higher likelihood of overweight/obesity as well as central obesity at the next stages of the life during adulthood. The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship of MD compliance with sociodemographic, anthropometry and lifestyle features in pre-school children aged 2-5 years old. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study, which includes 5188 pre-school children from diverse regions of Greece. Relevant questionnaires were applied to evaluate the sociodemographic features of the enrolled children. Anthropometric parameters were measured by relevant techniques. Qualified questionnaires were utilized for assessing several lifestyle factors such as physical activity, quality of life, breastfeeding practices, MD adherence, as well as the prevalence of childhood asthma and diabetes mellitus type I. RESULTS Of the enrolled children, 41.7% showed low MD compliance and 36.4% of them indicated moderated compliance, while only 21.9% of them showed a high MD adherence. Overweight/obesity was noted in 24.2% of the assigned children, while abdominal obesity was noticed in 18.2% of them. Higher MD compliance was related with an elevated prevalence of sex (boys, p = 0.0005), Greek nationality (p = 0.0088), rural type of residence (p = 0.0099), childhood overweight/obesity (p < 0.0001) and abdominal obesity (p < 0.0001), lower childbirth weight (p < 0.0001), increased physical activity (p = 0.0041), improved quality of life (p = 0.0008), exclusive breastfeeding (p < 0.0001), childhood asthma (p = 0.0001) and diabetes mellitus type 1 (p = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS A higher MD adherence is associated with specific sociodemographic, better anthropometric, and beneficial lifestyle factors in pre-school children. However, MD compliance remains low or moderate in the vast majority of children aged 2-5 years old. Thus, future public strategies and policies should be performed to inform parents of the potential beneficial effects of MD against obesity and related chronic diseases at the next stage of their children's lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Pavlidou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece; (E.P.); (O.A.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (S.D.); (E.-P.A.)
| | - Sousana K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.K.P.); (G.V.)
| | - Olga Alexatou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece; (E.P.); (O.A.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (S.D.); (E.-P.A.)
| | - Gavriela Voulgaridou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.K.P.); (G.V.)
| | - Maria Mentzelou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece; (E.P.); (O.A.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (S.D.); (E.-P.A.)
| | | | - Evmorfia Psara
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece; (E.P.); (O.A.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (S.D.); (E.-P.A.)
| | - Gerasimos Tsourouflis
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Medical School, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nikos Lefantzis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical School, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Sophia Dimoliani
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece; (E.P.); (O.A.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (S.D.); (E.-P.A.)
| | - Thomas Apostolou
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Anastasia Sampani
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | | | - Exakousti-Petroula Angelakou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece; (E.P.); (O.A.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (S.D.); (E.-P.A.)
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece; (E.P.); (O.A.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (S.D.); (E.-P.A.)
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Androja L, Bavčević T, Jurčev Savičević A, Bavčević D, Ninčević J, Buljan A, Nonković D, Rodrigues V, Karin Ž. Body Mass Index Trends before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Primary School Students in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia: A Retrospective Study. Nutrients 2023; 16:50. [PMID: 38201879 PMCID: PMC10780733 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Within the last decade, childhood obesity has become a serious problem, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research paper aimed to examine whether body mass index (BMI) was higher during the pandemic (2020-2022) than in the pre-pandemic period (2012/2013-2019) using trends related to sex, urban-rural area, and physical activity (PA). This study included data from physical examinations of an entire population of primary school children from Split-Dalmatia County (Croatia) over a period of 10 years. There were 103,804 students from the first, fifth, and eighth grades who participated in the analysis. During the pandemic, the BMI of all the students increased, except for eighth-grade girls. Generations of eighth graders have had significantly different BMIs throughout the past decade. We found that first graders were overweight and obese in urban areas, while in rural areas, this problem was experienced by upper grades. Girls were more overweight and obese in the first and eighth grades, but boys experienced this more in the fifth grade. Reduced PA influenced an increase in BMI in both sexes, especially in girls. During the pandemic, this situation became worse. This study could be useful to experts for the creation of new policies for Split-Dalmatia County and surrounding regions that are similar economically and culturally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Androja
- School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (L.A.)
- Department of Sports Management, Aspira University of Applied Sciences, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Tonči Bavčević
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Anamarija Jurčev Savičević
- School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (L.A.)
- Teaching Institute for Public Health of Split-Dalmatia County, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Health Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Damir Bavčević
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Jasna Ninčević
- Teaching Institute for Public Health of Split-Dalmatia County, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Anita Buljan
- Teaching Institute for Public Health of Split-Dalmatia County, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Diana Nonković
- Teaching Institute for Public Health of Split-Dalmatia County, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Vitor Rodrigues
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3030-222 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Željka Karin
- School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (L.A.)
- Teaching Institute for Public Health of Split-Dalmatia County, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Health Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
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Depboylu GY, Kaner G. Younger age, higher father education level, and healthy lifestyle behaviors are associated with higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet in school-aged children. Nutrition 2023; 114:112166. [PMID: 37597470 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MDiet) in school-aged children in Turkey and explore the associated factors with high adherence to the MDiet. METHOD This cross-sectional was conducted with 2693 school-aged children. Sociodemographic, dietary, and lifestyle data were collected using a questionnaire. Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) was used to evaluate adherence to the MDiet. Body weight, height, neck, waist, and hip circumference were measured. Dietary intake was assessed with a 24-h food consumption record. RESULTS Of the 2693 children, 29.5% had high, 53.9% had moderate, and 16.6% had low adherence to the MDiet. Primary school children had significantly higher adherence to the diet than secondary school children. Adherence to the MDiet was higher in children whose fathers were university graduates. There were no significant differences in sex, body mass index (BMI), or anthropometric measurements according to MDiet adherence. The high adherence group had a significantly higher intake of protein, fiber, vitamins C, B1, B6, B2, folate, polyunsaturated fatty acids, zinc, potassium, and calcium, but lower carbohydrate intake compared with the low/moderate adherence group. Higher adherence to the MDiet was associated with adequate sleep duration (≥9 to <12 h) (odds ratio [OR], 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24-2.78), whereas poor/moderate adherence was associated with age (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.73-0.87) and screen time (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.40-0.63). Children who reported engaging in regular physical activity were more likely to have higher MDiet adherence (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.16-1.85). CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that >50% of the children presented moderate MDiet adherence. Younger age, adequate sleep duration, engaging in regular physical activity, less screen time, and higher education level of fathers were associated with higher adherence to the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Yurtdaş Depboylu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetic, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, Turkey.
| | - Gülşah Kaner
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetic, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, Turkey
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Helvacı G, Uçar A, Çelebi MM, Çetinkaya H, Gündüz AZ. Effect of a Mediterranean-style diet on the exercise performance and lactate elimination on adolescent athletes. Nutr Res Pract 2023; 17:762-779. [PMID: 37529265 PMCID: PMC10375324 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.4.762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Mediterranean diet is an environmentally friendly and healthy diet model. The diet offers many vegetables, fruits, nuts, and olive oil to consumers. In addition, it provides moderate amounts of fish and chicken, smaller quantities of dairy products, red meat, and processed meat. The Mediterranean diet has a high anti-inflammatory and antioxidant content, and it causes many physiological changes that can provide a physical performance advantage. This study examined the effects of a 15-day menu, which was planned using foods with a low acid load within the Mediterranean diet rules, on the exercise performance, lactate elimination, anthropometric measurements, and body composition. SUBJECTS/METHODS Fifteen professional male athletes between the ages of 13 and 18, who were engaged in ski running, were included in the experimental study. Dietary intervention was applied for 15 days. The athlete performances were evaluated by applying the vertical jump test, hand grip strength, 20 meters shuttle run test, and Borg fatigue scale. After the shuttle run test (every 3 min for 30 min), blood was drawn from the finger, and the lactate elimination time was calculated. Performance and lactate measurements, body analysis, and anthropometric measurements were taken before and after dietary intervention. RESULTS The vertical jump height and hand grip strength increased after the intervention (P < 0.05). The test duration, total distance, the number of shuttles, and maximum oxygen consumption parameters of the shuttle run test increased (P < 0.05). After the intervention, the athletes' perceived fatigue scores decreased in several stages of the shuttle run test (P < 0.05). The lactate elimination time and athlete's body composition were similar in repeated measurements (P > 0.05). In the last measurements, the upper middle arm circumference decreased while the height of the athletes increased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results show that the Mediterranean diet is a safe and feasible dietary approach for aerobic performance and strength increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Helvacı
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara 06290, Turkey
| | - Aslı Uçar
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara 06290, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Mesut Çelebi
- Department of Sport Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara 06000, Turkey
| | - Haydar Çetinkaya
- Bolu Youth and Sports Provincial Directorate, Bolu 14000, Turkey
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Weker H, Friedrich M, Zabłocka-Słowińska K, Sadowska J, Długosz A, Hamułka J, Charzewska J, Socha P, Wądołowska L. Position Statement of the Polish Academy of Sciences' Committee of Human Nutrition Science on the Principles for the Nutrition of Preschool Children (4-6 Years of Age) and Early School-Age Children (7-9 Years of Age). JOURNAL OF MOTHER AND CHILD 2023; 27:222-245. [PMID: 38369720 PMCID: PMC10875211 DOI: 10.34763/jmotherandchild.20232701.d-23-00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Halina Weker
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariola Friedrich
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Human Nutrition Physiology, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranianu University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Sadowska
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Human Nutrition Physiology, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranianu University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Długosz
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Hamułka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Charzewska
- National Institute of Public Health NIH – National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Socha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Eating Disorders and Paediatrics, Institute ‘Monument - Children’s Health Center’, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Wądołowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
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A Mediterranean-Diet-Based Nutritional Intervention for Children with Prediabetes in a Rural Town: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173614. [PMID: 36079871 PMCID: PMC9460785 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Prediabetes is a pathological condition in which the blood glucose concentration is higher than normal concentrations but lower than those considered necessary for a type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis. Various authors have indicated that the Mediterranean Diet is one of the dietary patterns with the most healthy outcomes, reducing high levels of HbA1c, triglycerides, BMI, and other anthropometric parameters. The main objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of the nutritional intervention for children with prediabetes, including the effectiveness of this nutritional education regarding anthropometric parameters. A randomized pilot trial with two groups, an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG), using intervention in dietary habits with nutritional reinforcement was carried out on 29 children with prediabetes from a rural area. The nutritional intervention was analyzed through astrophotometric and glycemic measurements and validated surveys. Results: The results indicated improvement in eating habits, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, anthropometric measurements, mainly body mass index and perimeters, and analytical parameters, with a significant decrease in glycated hemoglobin in the EG compared to the CG (p < 0.001). Although the results showed that both groups’ anthropometric parameters improved, a more significant decrease was observed in the experimental group compared to the control.
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Parental Traits Associated with Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Children and Adolescents in Croatia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132598. [PMID: 35807779 PMCID: PMC9268300 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD) is known to be one of the healthiest dietary patterns. Despite the significance of a healthful diet during the early stage of life, data for young individuals indicate that nutrition problems are common. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine parental factors associated with MD adherence in children and adolescents living in the Mediterranean region in Croatia. In total, 2623 children aged 2 to 18 years and their parents participated in this study. Data were collected during the period from September 2021 to February 2022 by using an anonymous questionnaire. We used KIDMED and MEDAS questionnaires for assessing MD adherence in young individuals and their parents, respectively. To assess the association of children’s MD adherence categories with the parental predictors, we performed multivariate multinomial logistic regression. Results showed that the children of parents with a low MD adherence are much more likely to have poor MD adherence than good (OR = 47.54 (95% C.I 18.24, 123.87), p < 0.001) or average (OR = 5.64 (95% C.I 3.70, 8.6), p < 0.001) MD adherence. Further, children of fathers with higher BMI (OR = 1.035 (95% C.I 1.0, 1.071)) and those who do not live with both parents (OR = 1.703 (95% C.I 0.994, 2.916), p = 0.053) are more likely to have poor MD adherence than good MD adherence. These results indicate that interventions focusing on enhancing the quality of both parents’ diets could effectively improve their children’s eating habits.
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Bibiloni MDM, Gallardo-Alfaro L, Gómez SF, Wärnberg J, Osés-Recalde M, González-Gross M, Gusi N, Aznar S, Marín-Cascales E, González-Valeiro MA, Serra-Majem L, Terrados N, Segu M, Lassale C, Homs C, Benavente-Marín JC, Labayen I, Zapico AG, Sánchez-Gómez J, Jiménez-Zazo F, Alcaraz PE, Sevilla-Sánchez M, Herrera-Ramos E, Pulgar S, Sistac C, Schröder H, Bouzas C, Tur JA. Determinants of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Spanish Children and Adolescents: The PASOS Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040738. [PMID: 35215388 PMCID: PMC8874357 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A progressive shift away from traditional healthy dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), has been observed in recent decades. The aim of this study was to assess determinants of optimal adherence to the MedDiet in Spanish children and adolescents. A cross-sectional analysis was included in the PASOS nationwide representative study in Spain. Participants were 3607 children and adolescents; 8-16 years old. Primary and secondary outcome measures of weight and height were measured. Adherence to the MedDiet, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in children and adolescents, as well as parental physical activity and dietary habits, were assessed. Optimal adherence to the MedDiet was observed in 45.5% of primary school students and 34.8% of secondary school students (OR: 0.65; 95%CI: 0.56-0.75). Optimal adherence to the MedDiet was higher in children/adolescents meeting daily recommended moderate and vigorous physical activity (OR: 2.39, 95%CI: 1.97-2.89) and in those meeting daily recommended screen time on weekdays (OR: 2.05, 95%CI: 1.77-2.38) and weekends (OR: 1.76, 95%CI: 1.48-2.10). Participants with optimal adherence to the MedDiet were more likely to have mothers with a high-level education and high-tercile of SDQS, mothers who never smoked or were former smokers, and mothers who met the recommended physical activity and screen time. It can be concluded that a low prevalence of optimal adherence to the MedDiet was found among current Spanish children and adolescents. Optimal adherence to the MedDiet was associated with reaching the recommendations on physical activity and screen time, with the highest maternal educational level, and healthier maternal lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria del Mar Bibiloni
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS & Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.d.M.B.); (L.G.-A.); (C.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.W.); (M.G.-G.); (L.S.-M.)
| | - Laura Gallardo-Alfaro
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS & Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.d.M.B.); (L.G.-A.); (C.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.W.); (M.G.-G.); (L.S.-M.)
| | - Santiago F. Gómez
- Gasol Foundation, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.G.); (C.H.)
- GREpS, Health Education Research Group, Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, University of Lleida, 25008 Lleida, Spain
| | - Julia Wärnberg
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.W.); (M.G.-G.); (L.S.-M.)
- Epi-Phaan Research Group, Institute of Biomedical research of Malaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29016 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Maddi Osés-Recalde
- ELIKOS Group, Department of Health Sciences, Institute for Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.O.-R.); (I.L.)
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.W.); (M.G.-G.); (L.S.-M.)
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Narcís Gusi
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (N.G.); (J.S.-G.)
| | - Susana Aznar
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, La Mancha-Toledo Campus, University of Castilla, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (S.A.); (F.J.-Z.)
| | - Elena Marín-Cascales
- Research Center for High Performance Sport, San Antonio Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (E.M.-C.); (P.E.A.)
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, San Antonio Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel A. González-Valeiro
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Universidade da Coruña, 15001 A Coruña, Spain; (M.A.G.-V.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.W.); (M.G.-G.); (L.S.-M.)
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain;
- Preventive Medicine Service, Centro Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Canarian Health Service, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Nicolás Terrados
- Regional Unit of Sports Medicine of Principado de Asturias, Municipal Sports Foundation of Avilés, 33401 Avilés, Spain; (N.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Marta Segu
- Probitas Foundation, 08022 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Camille Lassale
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (C.L.); (H.S.)
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Institute for Medical Research, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Homs
- Gasol Foundation, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.G.); (C.H.)
- Global Research on Wellbeing (GRoW), Blanquerna Faculty of Health Sciences, Ramon Llull University, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Benavente-Marín
- Epi-Phaan Research Group, Institute of Biomedical research of Malaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29016 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Idoia Labayen
- ELIKOS Group, Department of Health Sciences, Institute for Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.O.-R.); (I.L.)
| | - Augusto G. Zapico
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Didactics of Language, Arts and Physical Education, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Sánchez-Gómez
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (N.G.); (J.S.-G.)
| | - Fabio Jiménez-Zazo
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, La Mancha-Toledo Campus, University of Castilla, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (S.A.); (F.J.-Z.)
| | - Pedro E. Alcaraz
- Research Center for High Performance Sport, San Antonio Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (E.M.-C.); (P.E.A.)
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, San Antonio Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Sevilla-Sánchez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Universidade da Coruña, 15001 A Coruña, Spain; (M.A.G.-V.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Estefanía Herrera-Ramos
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain;
| | - Susana Pulgar
- Regional Unit of Sports Medicine of Principado de Asturias, Municipal Sports Foundation of Avilés, 33401 Avilés, Spain; (N.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Clara Sistac
- Probitas Foundation, 08022 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Helmut Schröder
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (C.L.); (H.S.)
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Institute for Medical Research, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Bouzas
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS & Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.d.M.B.); (L.G.-A.); (C.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.W.); (M.G.-G.); (L.S.-M.)
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS & Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.d.M.B.); (L.G.-A.); (C.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.W.); (M.G.-G.); (L.S.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-97-1173-146l; Fax: +34-971-173-184
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10
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Matana A, Franić I, Radić Hozo E, Burger A, Boljat P. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet among Children and Youth in the Mediterranean Region in Croatia: A Comparative Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020302. [PMID: 35057484 PMCID: PMC8780278 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD) is considered one of the healthiest dietary patterns. The aim of this study was to assess MD adherence in children and youth living in the Mediterranean region in Croatia and evaluate the differences in adherence to the MD among different educational stages. In total, 2722 individuals aged 2 to 24 years were enrolled in this study. Subjects were divided into different groups according to the Croatian educational system. Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) was used to assess adherence to the MD. In the total sample, the adherence to the MD was poor in 19.2%, average in 60.8%, and good in 20.1% of the study participants. The prevalence rate of poor adherence to the MD increased with higher educational stage, i.e., the highest prevalence rate of poor MD adherence was observed for college students (39.3%). Children having a higher number of snacks on days-off, those with lower physical activity, and not having breakfast together with a family are more likely to have poor MD adherence, while children having a higher number of snacks on working days are less likely to have a poor MD. The results of this study showed low adherence to the principles of the MD, confirming the need for improvement of adherence to the MD pattern in the studied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonela Matana
- The University Department of Health Studies, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.F.); (E.R.H.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ivana Franić
- The University Department of Health Studies, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.F.); (E.R.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Endica Radić Hozo
- The University Department of Health Studies, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.F.); (E.R.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Ante Burger
- The University Department of Health Studies, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.F.); (E.R.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Petra Boljat
- Elementary School Žnjan-Pazdigrad, Pazdigradska 1, 21000 Split, Croatia;
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