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Artymiak P, Żegleń M, Kryst Ł. The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on the distribution of fat tissue and skinfold thickness in adolescents from Kraków (Poland). Pediatr Obes 2024:e13160. [PMID: 39128856 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly changed the lifestyle and dietary habits of societies worldwide. The aim of the study was to assess changes in the distribution of fat tissue and skinfold thickness in adolescents (aged 11-15) from Kraków during the COVID-19 pandemic period. METHODS Two cross-sectional studies conducted in 2020 and 2022 (before and after the pandemic) involved 1662 adolescents from the Kraków population. Skinfold thickness measurements were taken. The trunk adiposity index, limbs-to-trunk fat ratio and limbs-to-total skinfold ratio were calculated. Statistical analysis employed a two-way ANOVA, Tukey's HSD test and the Kruskal-Wallis test, depending on the normality of the distribution. RESULTS Higher skinfold thicknesses were observed in the majority of age groups in both sexes from the 2022 cohort in comparison with the 2020 cohort. Additionally, higher values of the trunk adiposity index and the limbs-to-total skinfold ratio in most age groups were observed. However, an inverse trend was observed in the limbs-to-trunk fat radio. CONCLUSIONS The introduced restrictions such as lockdown, remote learning, reduced physical activity and changes in dietary habits could have influenced the distribution of fat tissue and skinfold thickness amongst adolescents from Kraków.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Artymiak
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Żegleń
- Pain Research Group, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kryst
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland
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Lonati E, Cazzaniga E, Adorni R, Zanatta F, Belingheri M, Colleoni M, Riva MA, Steca P, Palestini P. Health-Related Lifestyles among University Students: Focusing on Eating Habits and Physical Activity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:626. [PMID: 38791840 PMCID: PMC11120768 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The transition to higher education at University is a critical moment for young adults to acquire unhealthy habits regarding physical activity (PA) and adherence to a healthy diet. Negative behaviors might be maintained in the years to come with a major risk of suffering from a Non-Communicable Disease. This study aims to determine the relationship between diet and PA in the student community of University of Milano-Bicocca. Students between 18 and 30 years old completed an online survey (6949 students). Two analyses of covariance (ANCOVA), chi-square tests of independence, and a binomial logistic regression were performed to examine the relationship between adequacy of food consumption and PA, in association also with sociodemographic characteristics. Data show a strong correlation between behaviors analyzed, with a proportional positive association between PA and healthy diet. Nevertheless, a third of the sample students incur in incorrect habits for both diet and PA. Further, students performing intensive PA have the healthiest food consumption in general but the worst red meat and pork intake. Accordingly, men practice more PA but have a less adequate diet, exactly contrary to women. In conclusion, policies promoting consciousness of well-being would transform Universities into healthy hubs for virtuous habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lonati
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore, 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.C.); (M.B.); (M.A.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Emanuela Cazzaniga
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore, 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.C.); (M.B.); (M.A.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Roberta Adorni
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo, 20126 Milan, Italy; (F.Z.); (P.S.)
| | - Francesco Zanatta
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo, 20126 Milan, Italy; (F.Z.); (P.S.)
| | - Michael Belingheri
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore, 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.C.); (M.B.); (M.A.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Matteo Colleoni
- Department of Sociology and Social Research, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo, 20126 Milan, Italy;
- BASE Bicocca Sustainability Committee, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Augusto Riva
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore, 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.C.); (M.B.); (M.A.R.); (P.P.)
- BASE Bicocca Sustainability Committee, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Steca
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo, 20126 Milan, Italy; (F.Z.); (P.S.)
- BASE Bicocca Sustainability Committee, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Palestini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore, 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.C.); (M.B.); (M.A.R.); (P.P.)
- BASE Bicocca Sustainability Committee, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo, 20126 Milan, Italy
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Feraco A, Armani A, Amoah I, Guseva E, Camajani E, Gorini S, Strollo R, Padua E, Caprio M, Lombardo M. Assessing gender differences in food preferences and physical activity: a population-based survey. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1348456. [PMID: 38445208 PMCID: PMC10912473 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1348456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Food preferences are influenced by various factors, such as culture, age, and gender. The relationship between food tastes, meal preferences, and eating habits has been studied extensively in recent years; however, research on gender differences in these fields still needs to be addressed. The aim of this study was to investigate gender differences in food preferences and eating habits through self-administered questionnaires in a large Italian population sample. Methods The online survey included questions on food tastes, meal preferences, eating habits, and sport involvement. Results The results of the study underline significant gender-specific dietary tendencies among the 2198 participants (1314 females and 884 males, average age 41.1 ± 12.7 yrs). The majority of subjects were in the annual income range between €20,000 and €40,000. Our analysis reveals significant gender differences in dietary preferences and eating habits. Men prefer red and processed meat, with significantly higher consumption rates than women. Women, on the other hand, show a greater inclination towards vegetables, whole grains, tofu, and high-cocoa-content dark chocolate, aligning with healthier food choices. The study also found differences in eating behaviors, including the frequency of meals, snacking habits, and hunger patterns: women tend to eat more frequently and report higher levels of hunger in the morning, while men tend to skip snacks. Furthermore, differences extend to eating contexts, such as the speed of eating, eating out, and eating alone, with men more likely to eat quickly and dine out. Episodes of uncontrolled eating without hunger also differ, with women reporting these behaviors more frequently than men. In addition, the analysis of sports preferences showed distinct patterns, with a lower percentage of women playing sports and those who do play sports preferring endurance and strength training, while men prefer strength training and endurance sports. Discussion These findings elucidate the complex interplay of biological, cultural, and gender-based factors in shaping dietary preferences and eating behaviors. In particular, our study reveals that gender dynamics significantly influence food choice and eating habits: women tend to choose healthier foods and eat regular meals, while men show preferences for specific tastes and meal-related behaviors. This analysis underscores the nuanced differences between male and female dietary patterns, influenced not only by inherent biological factors such as genetics and hormonal responses but also by societal norms and cultural contexts. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of integrating different perspectives, thus providing valuable insights into the development of public health strategies and tailored nutrition interventions aimed at chronic disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Feraco
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, San Raffaele Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Armani
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, San Raffaele Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Isaac Amoah
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Elena Guseva
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Camajani
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, San Raffaele Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Gorini
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, San Raffaele Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Rocky Strollo
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Elvira Padua
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, San Raffaele Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Lombardo
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Rome, Italy
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Saldanha MF, Ribeiro Dos Santos R, Jansen AK. Energy and nutrient intake in older adults with healthy aging during the Corona Virus Disease 19 pandemic- a cohort study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 59:181-187. [PMID: 38220374 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Lockdown measures implemented amid the COVID-19 pandemic promoted changes in lifestyle, particularly engagement in physical activity/exercise and dietary intake. However, few studies are available investigating the healthy older population, particularly in developing countries. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on energy and nutrient intake among older adults with successful aging and to evaluate changes in muscle mass, strength and physical performance. METHODS A cohort study of 38 healthy older adults from a Brazilian geriatrics referral center were assessed at two time points: baseline - up to 1 year prior to the pandemic; and follow-up - an average of 17 months after the pandemic outbreak. Energy and nutrient intake was determined using food recalls and diary records, while muscle mass was calculated based on anthropometric parameters. Maximum hand-grip strength and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score were also evaluated. RESULTS Median age of participants was 87 years. During the pandemic, intake of protein increased from 52.6 g to 63.9 g (p = 0.013) and micronutrients also increased: vitamin C from 35.4 mg to 76.1 mg (p = 0.027), vitamin B12 from 2.2 mg to 3.1 mg (p = 0.045), calcium from 435.1 mg to 631.5 mg (p < 0.001), magnesium from 186.5 mg to 198.9 mg (p = 0.043), zinc from 5.8 mg to 7.6 mg (p = 0.009), iron from 6.9 mg to 7.2 mg (p = 0.035) and potassium from 1941.6 mg to 2115.5 mg (p = 0.048). No changes in energy intake or other nutrients were evident. No difference in mass, strength or physical performance was observed during the study period. Overall, 84% of participants remained physically active, although engagement in physical exercise decreased by 50% (p < 0.002). CONCLUSION The increase in intake of proteins and micronutrients suggests improved diet quality during the pandemic. Engagement in physical exercise decreased significantly, but level of physical activity was maintained. No change in anthropometric parameters, strength or physical performance was evident in the population investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelle Ferreira Saldanha
- Nursing School, Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenue Professor Alfredo Balena, 190, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Ribeiro Dos Santos
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Clinic Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenue Professor Alfredo Balena, 190, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Ann Kristine Jansen
- Nursing School, Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenue Professor Alfredo Balena, 190, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Cava E, Padua E, Campaci D, Bernardi M, Muthanna FMS, Caprio M, Lombardo M. Investigating the Health Implications of Whey Protein Consumption: A Narrative Review of Risks, Adverse Effects, and Associated Health Issues. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:246. [PMID: 38255133 PMCID: PMC10815430 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This narrative review critically examines the current research on the health implications of whey protein (WP) supplementation, with a focus on potential risks and adverse effects. WP, commonly consumed for muscle building and weight loss, has been associated with various health concerns. Our comprehensive analysis involved a thorough search of multiple databases, resulting in the inclusion of 21 preclinical and human studies that collectively offer a detailed overview of WP's health impacts. The review reveals significant findings, such as WP's potential link to liver and kidney damage, alterations in gut microbiota, increased acne incidence, impacts on bone mass, and emotional and behavioural changes. These findings underscore the complexity of WP's effects on human health, indicating both beneficial and detrimental outcomes in relation to different posologies in a variety of settings. Our study suggests caution for the protein intake in situations of hepatic and renal compromised functions, as well as in acne susceptibility, while possible beneficial effects can be achieved for the intestinal microbiota, humoral and behavioural level, and finally bone and muscle mass in elderly. We emphasizes the importance of balanced WP consumption and call for more in-depth research to understand its long-term health effects. Health professionals and individuals considering WP supplementation should be aware of these potential risks and approach its use with informed caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edda Cava
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome, cir.ne Gianicolense 87, 00152 Rome, Italy;
| | - Elvira Padua
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (D.C.); (M.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Diego Campaci
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (D.C.); (M.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Marco Bernardi
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (D.C.); (M.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Fares M. S. Muthanna
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Science and Technology-Aden, Alshaab Street, Enmaa City 22003, Yemen;
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (D.C.); (M.B.); (M.C.)
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, San Raffaele Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Lombardo
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (D.C.); (M.B.); (M.C.)
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Padua E, Caprio M, Feraco A, Camajani E, Gorini S, Armani A, Ruscello B, Bellia A, Strollo R, Lombardo M. The Impact of Diet and Physical Activity on Fat-to-Lean Mass Ratio. Nutrients 2023; 16:19. [PMID: 38201847 PMCID: PMC10780510 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this retrospective study, we evaluated the efficacy of a personalised low-calorie Mediterranean Diet (MD) in promoting fat mass (FM) reduction while preserving fat-free mass (FFM). This study involved 100 Caucasian adults aged 18-65 years who followed a tailored low-calorie MD for two months. The total energy expenditure was assessed using a multi-sensor armband. The change in body composition (BC) was evaluated using the Δ% FM-to-FFM ratio, calculated as the difference in the FM to FFM ratio before and after the diet, divided by the ratio before the diet, and multiplied by 100. A negative value indicates a greater decrease in FM than FFM, while a positive value suggests a greater increase in FM than FFM. This study demonstrated a significant FM reduction, with an average decrease of 5% (p < 0.001). However, the relationship between caloric reduction and the Δ% FM-to-FFM ratio showed a weak negative correlation (r = -0.03, p > 0.05). This suggests that the calorie deficit had a minimal direct impact on the BC changes. Subjects over the age of 30 showed an increase in muscle mass, while younger subjects showed no significant changes. Moreover, a direct correlation was observed between the changes in MET (Metabolic Equivalent of Task) values and the Δ% FM-to-FFM ratio, indicating that improved average physical activity intensity positively influences BC. In the female subgroup, high protein intake, exercise intensity, and the duration of physical activity were positively correlated with an improvement in the Δ% FM-to-FFM ratio. However, for individuals with BMI 20-25 kg/m2, high fibre intake was surprisingly negatively correlated with the Δ% FM-to-FFM ratio. This study underscores the intricate interplay between calorie restriction, physical activity intensity, and BC changes. It also suggests that individual factors, including age, gender, and BMI, may influence the response to a low-calorie MD. However, further prospective studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to confirm and expand upon these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Padua
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (E.C.); (S.G.); (A.A.); (B.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (E.C.); (S.G.); (A.A.); (B.R.); (R.S.)
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, San Raffaele Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Feraco
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (E.C.); (S.G.); (A.A.); (B.R.); (R.S.)
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, San Raffaele Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Camajani
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (E.C.); (S.G.); (A.A.); (B.R.); (R.S.)
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, San Raffaele Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Gorini
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (E.C.); (S.G.); (A.A.); (B.R.); (R.S.)
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, San Raffaele Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Armani
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (E.C.); (S.G.); (A.A.); (B.R.); (R.S.)
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, San Raffaele Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Ruscello
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (E.C.); (S.G.); (A.A.); (B.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Alfonso Bellia
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Rocky Strollo
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (E.C.); (S.G.); (A.A.); (B.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Mauro Lombardo
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (E.C.); (S.G.); (A.A.); (B.R.); (R.S.)
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Donizzetti AR. The Relationship between Physical Activity and Psychosocial Well-Being during and after COVID-19 Lockdown. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:986. [PMID: 38131842 PMCID: PMC10740429 DOI: 10.3390/bs13120986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic was an extremely critical event that had a major impact on the physical and mental health of the world's population. The aim of the present work is to investigate whether physical activity plays a protective role in well-being both during the lockdown and afterwards, also assessing the role played by self-efficacy and perception of the risk of contracting COVID-19, as well as past behavior. To this end, two studies were conducted, the first close to lockdown (N = 1061; 76.3% females; mean age = 37.3-range: 18-80) and the second 2 years later (N = 562; 71.0% females; mean age = 33.2-range: 18-76). Descriptive and correlational analyses were performed, along with structural equation modelling. The results confirm the hypothesis of a positive impact of physical activity on emotional well-being alone during lockdown and on more general psychosocial well-being 2 years later. This result showed that physical activity during the pandemic represented an avoidance strategy from the psychological distress that COVID-19 was generating, whereas 2 years later, it represents a proactive strategy aimed at generating a positive mental health condition. These results provide a better understanding of the role physical activity plays in well-being by representing a resource for protecting as well as promoting the mental health of individuals.
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Solomon A, Negrea MO, Cipăian CR, Boicean A, Mihaila R, Rezi C, Cristinescu BA, Berghea-Neamtu CS, Popa ML, Teodoru M, Stoia O, Neamtu B. Interactions between Metabolic Syndrome, MASLD, and Arterial Stiffening: A Single-Center Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2696. [PMID: 37830733 PMCID: PMC10572783 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11192696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously termed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), has emerged as a prominent global cause of chronic liver disease and is increasingly recognized as associated with atherosclerotic vascular illness, consolidating its position along traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Individuals with MASLD exhibit a combination of metabolic syndrome risk factors, carotid atherosclerosis, and increased arterial stiffness, hinting at shared pathogenesis. In this study, we aim to explore liver involvement and arterial stiffness within metabolic syndrome. We enrolled 75 patients (30 male and 45 female) with either liver steatosis on conventional ultrasound, altered liver function tests, or the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors after excluding liver pathology other than MASLD. Clinical evaluation, laboratory measurements, abdominal and carotid ultrasounds, vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE, Fibroscan), and assessment with the Arteriograph (Tensiomed) were performed. The 26 patients diagnosed with MetS had significantly higher liver involvement as quantified via the hepatic steatosis index (HSI), Fibrosis-4 (FIB4), aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) category, and VCTE measurements, as well as Agile 3+ and Agile 4 scores which use a combination of clinical and laboratory parameters together with results obtained from VCTE to reflect the probability of advanced liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. Patients with MetS also exhibited more pronounced vascular involvement as quantified via arterial stiffness measurements and CIMT (carotid intima-media thickness). We applied a two-step clustering algorithm to enhance our analysis, which gave us pertinent insight into the interplay between metabolic syndrome elements and typologies of hepatic steatosis and arterial stiffness degrees. Notably, of the three obtained clusters, the cluster showing increased levels of hepatic steatosis and arterial stiffness also exhibited the highest prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its constituting components. The results have significant clinical implications, advocating for a comprehensive diagnostic approach when MetS or MASLD is suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaida Solomon
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (A.S.); (C.R.C.); (A.B.); (R.M.); (C.R.); (M.L.P.); (M.T.); (O.S.); (B.N.)
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Mihai Octavian Negrea
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (A.S.); (C.R.C.); (A.B.); (R.M.); (C.R.); (M.L.P.); (M.T.); (O.S.); (B.N.)
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Călin Remus Cipăian
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (A.S.); (C.R.C.); (A.B.); (R.M.); (C.R.); (M.L.P.); (M.T.); (O.S.); (B.N.)
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Adrian Boicean
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (A.S.); (C.R.C.); (A.B.); (R.M.); (C.R.); (M.L.P.); (M.T.); (O.S.); (B.N.)
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Romeo Mihaila
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (A.S.); (C.R.C.); (A.B.); (R.M.); (C.R.); (M.L.P.); (M.T.); (O.S.); (B.N.)
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Cristina Rezi
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (A.S.); (C.R.C.); (A.B.); (R.M.); (C.R.); (M.L.P.); (M.T.); (O.S.); (B.N.)
| | | | | | - Mirela Livia Popa
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (A.S.); (C.R.C.); (A.B.); (R.M.); (C.R.); (M.L.P.); (M.T.); (O.S.); (B.N.)
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Minodora Teodoru
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (A.S.); (C.R.C.); (A.B.); (R.M.); (C.R.); (M.L.P.); (M.T.); (O.S.); (B.N.)
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Oana Stoia
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (A.S.); (C.R.C.); (A.B.); (R.M.); (C.R.); (M.L.P.); (M.T.); (O.S.); (B.N.)
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Bogdan Neamtu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (A.S.); (C.R.C.); (A.B.); (R.M.); (C.R.); (M.L.P.); (M.T.); (O.S.); (B.N.)
- Department of Clinical Research, Pediatric Clinical Hospital Sibiu, 550166 Sibiu, Romania
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9
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Lombardo M, Feraco A, Rizzo G. Editorial: The role of soy in human health and disease. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1278094. [PMID: 37781109 PMCID: PMC10541209 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1278094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Lombardo
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Feraco
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, San Raffaele Research Institute, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
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10
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Maté-Muñoz JL, Hernández-Lougedo J, Ruiz-Tovar J, Olivares-Llorente R, García-Fernández P, Zapata I. Physical Activity Levels, Eating Habits, and Well-Being Measures in Students of Healthcare Degrees in the Second Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11111570. [PMID: 37297711 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11111570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When the first cases of COVID-19 (caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus infection) were discovered, exceptional norms to fight the spread of the virus were established by applying movement restrictions (lockdown) in many countries. These unprecedented norms led to sedentary behaviours and less healthy diets which could persist for much longer after lockdown. The aim of this study was to analyse the physical activity, eating habits, self-perceived well-being, and toxic habits, as well as the perceived changes of these habits with respect to the pre-pandemic period, in a population of university students in the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A single-centre, cross-sectional study was conducted in a population of university students of healthcare degrees. A total of 961 students (639 (66.5%) women and 322 (33.5%) men) signed the informed consent and completed the questionnaire. The study was conducted through an anonymous survey, which was voluntarily self-completed by the students on an online platform. The questionnaire was based on the Spanish Health Survey and it was divided into six main parts: demographic and anthropometric characteristics, physical activity, eating habits, well-being measures (sleeping habits, health state, and stress), toxic habits, and perception of the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the variables described. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The results showed that, during the second year of the pandemic, statistically significant dependence was identified for those students that showed higher levels of physical activity with greater perceived physical activity (p < 0.05), healthier eating habits (p < 0.05), and a better self-perceived health state (p < 0.05), with respect to the 12 months before the COVID-19 pandemic. On the other hand, there was a negative correlation between the sedentary students and greater perceived physical activity (p < 0.05). With regard to toxic habits and physical activity, a significant correlation was only detected between sedentary behaviour and cocaine consumption (p < 0.05). Analysing eating habits, it was observed that the students who smoked, consumed alcohol, and binge drank had low adherence to the Mediterranean diet (p < 0.05). In addition, those students with high stress levels slept less than 7 h (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Maté-Muñoz
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Hernández-Lougedo
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Camilo José Cela University, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Ruiz-Tovar
- Department of Medicine, Alfonso X El Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Olivares-Llorente
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports Science, Alfonso X El Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Fernández
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Zapata
- Department of Medicine, Alfonso X El Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Bolesławska I, Jagielski P, Błaszczyk-Bębenek E, Jagielska A, Przysławski J. Lifestyle Changes during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic as Predictors of BMI Changes among Men and Women in Poland. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112427. [PMID: 37299391 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social isolation during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic affected people's body weight, therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the association between lifestyle elements and the change in BMI during lockdown. METHODS This retrospective observational study involved 290 questionnaires completed by adult participants divided into three groups according to BMI change during isolation. The structured questionnaire included a general description of the study objective and collected data regarding sociodemographics, anthropometrics, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep duration, and food intake pre- and during COVID-19 lockdown. RESULTS A decrease or increase in BMI was found in 23.6% and 47.8% of women and 18.5% and 42.6% of men, respectively. Among those who lost weight, 46.5% of women and 40% of men followed a diet of their own choice, 30.2% of women and 25% of men changed their product mix and reduced their intake, 40% of men stopped eating outside the home. An increase in BMI was associated with increased food intake (32.2% of women and 28.3% of men), increased sleep duration on weekdays (49.2% of women and 43.5% of men) and, in more than 50% of subjects, decreased physical activity. In women, increased BMI was associated with the highest frequency of snacking (p = 0.0003), the highest intake of sweets (p = 0.0021), and in men with the highest intake of alcohol (p = 0.0017). CONCLUSIONS The observed changes in BMI during social isolation were the result of lifestyle modifications including dietary behaviour and differed by gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Bolesławska
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Jagielski
- Department of Nutrition and Drug Research, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 8 Skawińska Street, 31-066 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Błaszczyk-Bębenek
- Department of Nutrition and Drug Research, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 8 Skawińska Street, 31-066 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Jagielska
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, 3 Oczki Street, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Juliusz Przysławski
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
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Lombardo M, Feraco A, Camajani E, Caprio M, Armani A. Health Effects of Red Wine Consumption: A Narrative Review of an Issue That Still Deserves Debate. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081921. [PMID: 37111141 PMCID: PMC10146095 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A strong controversy persists regarding the effect of red wine (RW) consumption and health. Guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancers discourage alcohol consumption in any form, but several studies have demonstrated that low RW intake may have positive effects on CVD risk. This review evaluated randomised controlled trials (RCTs), examining the recent literature on the correlations between acute and chronic RW consumption and health. All RCTs published in English on PubMed from 1 January 2000 to 28 February 2023 were evaluated. Ninety-one RCTs were included in this review, seven of which had a duration of more than six months. We assessed the effect of RW on: (1) antioxidant status, (2) cardiovascular function, (3) coagulation pathway and platelet function, (4) endothelial function and arterial stiffness, (5) hypertension, (6) immune function and inflammation status, (7) lipid profile and homocysteine levels, (8) body composition, type 2 diabetes and glucose metabolism, and (9) gut microbiota and the gastrointestinal tract. RW consumption mostly results in improvements in antioxidant status, thrombosis and inflammation markers, lipid profile, and gut microbiota, with conflicting results on hypertension and cardiac function. Notably, beneficial effects were observed on oxidative stress, inflammation, and nephropathy markers, with a modest decrease in CVD risk in five out of seven studies that evaluated the effect of RW consumption. These studies were conducted mainly in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and had a duration between six months and two years. Additional long-term RCTs are needed to confirm these benefits, and assess the potential risks associated with RW consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Lombardo
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Feraco
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, San Raffaele Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Camajani
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, San Raffaele Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, San Raffaele Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Armani
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, San Raffaele Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
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Mansour A, Motamed S, Hekmatdoost A, Karimi S, Mohajeri-Tehrani MR, Abdollahi M, Jelodar R, Sajjadi-Jazi SM. Factors related to hypermetabolism in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3669. [PMID: 36871124 PMCID: PMC9985614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30945-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the progressive prevalence and co-occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as well as the current evidence suggesting the elevated levels of basal metabolic rate (BMR) among these individuals, the present study aimed to identify factors determining hypermetabolism in such subjects. This cross sectional study was conducted in 30 to 53-year-old individuals with concurrent T2DM and NAFLD (controlled attenuation parameter score ≥ 260 dB/m). Resting energy expenditure (REE) was determined by an indirect calorimetry device. Hypermetabolism was defined as an elevated measured REE > 110% of the predicted REE. The multivariate logistic regression test was used for detecting factors associated with hypermetabolism. Between September, 2017, and March, 2018, a total of 95 eligible participants (64.40% male) with both T2DM and NAFLD were included, while 32.63% of them were classified as hypermetabolic. Overall, the mean recruitment age ± standard deviation and median (interquartile range) body mass index were 44.69 ± 5.47 years and 30.20 (27.80-33.30) kg/m2, respectively. Demographic, anthropometric and biochemical variables did not vary significantly across two groups except for total body water, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (p < 0.05). According to the results of multivariable logistic regression analyses, hypermetabolism had a positive association with adiponectin (odds ratio [OR] 1.167, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.015-1.342, p = 0.030), physical activity (OR 1.134, 95% CI 1.002-1.284, p = 0.046), alanine transaminase (OR 1.062, 95% CI 1.006-1.122, p = 0.031) and diastolic blood pressure (OR 1.067, 95% CI 1.010-1.127, p = 0.021). However, fat free mass was inversely related to hypermetabolism (OR 0.935, 95% CI 0.883-0.991, p = 0.023). Adiponectin, alanine transaminase, physical activity, diastolic blood pressure and fat free mass were independently associated with hypermetabolism in subjects with NAFLD and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asieh Mansour
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Karimi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mohajeri-Tehrani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reihane Jelodar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Mahmoud Sajjadi-Jazi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Low Dietary Variety Is Associated with Incident Frailty in Older Adults during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Prospective Cohort Study in Japan. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051145. [PMID: 36904144 PMCID: PMC10005648 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stagnation of social activity due to the COVID-19 pandemic probably reduces motivation to maintain a healthy diet. It is important to report on the dietary changes observed in older adults during a period of restriction on outings and to clarify the relationship between dietary variety and frailty. This one-year follow-up study examined the association between frailty and dietary variety during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Baseline and follow-up surveys were conducted in August 2020 and August 2021, respectively. The follow-up survey was distributed by mail to 1635 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years. Of the 1235 respondents, 1008 respondents who were non-frail at baseline are included in this study. Dietary variety was examined using a dietary variety score developed for older adults. Frailty was assessed using a five-item frailty screening tool. The outcome was frailty incidence. RESULTS In our sample, 108 subjects developed frailty. A linear regression analysis revealed a significant association between dietary variety score and frailty score (β, -0.032; 95% CI, -0.064 to -0.001; p = 0.046). This association was also significant in Model 1, adjusted for sex and age, (β, -0.051; 95% CI, -0.083 to -0.019; p = 0.002) and in a multivariate analysis that added adjustments for living alone, smoking, alcohol use, BMI, and existing conditions to Model 1 (β, -0.045; 95% CI, -0.078 to -0.012; p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS A low dietary variety score was associated with an increased frailty score during the COVID-19 pandemic. The restricted daily routine caused by the COVID-19 pandemic will probably continue to have a long-term effect in terms of reduced dietary variety. Thus, vulnerable populations, such as older adults, might require dietary support.
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Storz MA, Beckschulte K, Brommer M, Lombardo M. Current Sex Distribution of Cooking and Food Shopping Responsibilities in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Study. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182840. [PMID: 36140974 PMCID: PMC9498121 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Home cooking is an important obesity prevention strategy and associated with benefits for diet and health. Although cooking may be a joyful act of mindfulness, it also requires planning, preparation and time. Historically, women have been more likely to fulfill the role of food shopping and cooking. More recent studies suggested a transition in traditional household role assignments towards a larger involvement of males. This study examined the current sex distribution of cooking and food shopping responsibilities in the United States of America based on a nationally representative sample of 9078 citizens from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2017–2020). More than 80% of women aged 25 years or older indicated that they were the person who did most of the planning/preparing of meals in their families, whereas the percentage of males responding affirmatively was substantially lower, ranging from 38.73% to 43.20% depending on age. Analyses on food shopping duties revealed a comparable distribution. In multivariate regression, female sex was associated with significantly higher odds of being the main food shopper/meal preparer in the family (OR: 4.82 (4.14–5.60) and 5.54 (4.60–6.67), respectively). Our data suggest that the majority of food shopping and cooking duties are still performed by women, which has important implications for public health nutrition initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Andreas Storz
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Freiburg University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Kai Beckschulte
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Freiburg University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maria Brommer
- Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care (IMIT), Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mauro Lombardo
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
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16
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Montemayor S, Mascaró CM, Ugarriza L, Casares M, Gómez C, Martínez JA, Tur JA, Bouzas C. Intrahepatic Fat Content and COVID-19 Lockdown in Adults with NAFLD and Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173462. [PMID: 36079720 PMCID: PMC9457922 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 lockdowns had a significant impact on people’s health, triggering levels of anxiety, perceived stress, and changes in food and nutritional status. Objectives: To assess the changes in dietary habits, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and liver parameters before and after the COVID-19 lockdown according to changes in intrahepatic fat content in adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and MetS. Design: Pre- and post-lockdown observation of the COVID-19 lockdown on fifty-nine 40–60-year-old participants with MetS and NAFLD, in a parallel group, randomised experiment intended to treat NAFLD. Methods: Anthropometrics, liver and MetS biochemical parameters, intrahepatic fat content by abdominal magnetic resonance imaging, and dietary assessment using a validated 148-item Food Frequency Questionnaire were collected pre-COVID-19 lockdown and post-lockdown. Results: COVID-19 lockdown led to negative changes in the liver of patients with NAFLD and MetS, with weight gain and increases in glycemia, ALT and intrahepatic fat content post lockdown. Participants with worsened liver status had low consumption of fibre, cheese, nuts and coffee, and high consumption of sweets and pastries. Participants who improved liver status ameliorated ALT values, waist circumference, and intrahepatic fat content, assessed by magnetic resonance imaging post-lockdown. Conclusions: The maintenance of healthy lifestyle habits is vital, especially for populations with NAFLD and MetS, to reduce unhealthy lifestyle patterns displayed during lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Montemayor
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Catalina M. Mascaró
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Lucía Ugarriza
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Camp Redó Primary Health Care Center, 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miguel Casares
- Radiodiagnosis Service, Red Asistencial Juaneda, 07011 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Cristina Gómez
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Clinical Analysis Service, Universitary Hospital Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - J. Alfredo Martínez
- Center for Nutrition Research, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Cardiometabolics Precision Nutrition Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Cristina Bouzas
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Effect of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy on HbA1C Level in Children with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58070959. [PMID: 35888681 PMCID: PMC9318732 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58070959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: A third of the American adult population is currently pre-diabetic/morbidly obese and is, therefore, at an elevated risk for developing type 2 diabetes. Unfortunately, such a condition does not spare children from also developing morbid obesity, where incidence rates of childhood obesity—coupled with type 2 diabetes—are markedly elevated. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is gradually becoming the novel benchmark in bariatric surgery for the treatment of morbid obesity and associated co-morbidities, also within pediatric cases. However, no comprehensive study has been conducted in children that emphasizes the effect of LSG on HbA1C levels within such a patient population suffering from type 2 diabetes. Aim: Since HbA1C is a major biomarker for type 2 diabetes progression, this study aimed to identify any dysregulated serum levels for this key molecular player (together with other parameters), for post-surgical monitoring of the beneficial metabolic effects of LSG surgery on type 2 diabetes amelioration/remission within pediatric patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 64 pediatric patients, ranging in age from 5 to 14 years old, were enrolled in this retrospective study. Multiple laboratory-based analyses datasets were also collected from individual study participants, including HbA1C and random blood sugar (RBS). All participating patients were designated for undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, as per standardized surgical protocols and each participant was followed-up for two years post-surgery. Laboratory investigations were re-performed in order to identify any major variations in clinical parameters. Results: HbA1c was significantly reduced among children, from 6.0 ± 0.8 (pre-LSG) to 5.4 ± 0.4 post-surgery, with a reduction rate of 10.9% (p = 0.001). Furthermore, RBS significantly decreased from 102.9 ± 34.0 (pre-LSG) to 87.1 ± 17.3 post- surgery, with a reduction rate of 15.4% (p = 0.036). Conclusions: This study provides further concrete evidence for the beneficial metabolic influence provided by LSG surgery on morbidly obese, childhood-aged patient populations, with effectiveness in reducing co-morbidity progress, in the form of type 2 diabetes, through the reduction in HbA1c levels within such patients post-surgery.
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Begdache L, Danesharasteh A, Ertem Z. The Impact of the Different Stages of COVID-19, Time of the Week and Exercise Frequency on Mental Distress in Men and Women. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132572. [PMID: 35807753 PMCID: PMC9268137 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic produced life disturbances and loss of routine which affected diet and sleep quality as well as physical exercise frequency. Interestingly, mental distress was higher even in those who exercised. The purpose of this study was to assess exercise frequency in relation to different levels of mental distress severity in men and women while accounting for working days and weekends. A de-identified secondary data set was analyzed. Regression analyses produced models of the different stages of COVID-19 in relation to physical exercise frequency and mental distress levels. Margin analysis generated predictive models that could be used prophylactically to customize physical exercise frequencies in men and women to reduce their risk of mental distress during future pandemics. Mental distress during the lockdown and after ease of restrictions was associated with different physical exercise frequencies, with a noticeable difference between men and women. During a pandemic, sedentary men are more likely to be mentally distressed during working days. Nevertheless, moderately active, but not very active women, may be less distressed during pandemic weekends. These findings may provide a framework to optimize mental health during different stages of a pandemic by customizing physical exercise frequencies based on gender and time of the week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Begdache
- Health and Wellness Studies, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Anseh Danesharasteh
- Systems Science and Industrial Engineering, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (A.D.); (Z.E.)
| | - Zeynep Ertem
- Systems Science and Industrial Engineering, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (A.D.); (Z.E.)
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Impact of Using Facemasks on Literacy Learning: The Perception of Early Childhood Education Teachers. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2022; 12:639-654. [PMID: 35735469 PMCID: PMC9222086 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe12060048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, quantitative research is carried out on the importance that educators give to literacy work in early childhood education classrooms and the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic and the use of facemasks have had on it. To this end, a survey designed for this purpose has been used, which has been passed on to a set of 112 Spanish early childhood educators. The teachers surveyed occupy different positions in the classroom (tutors, support technicians, specialists in bilingualism, therapeutic pedagogy and speech and hearing), and, in addition, they themselves learned to read from different methods of literacy learning (synthetic or analytical). The results found in this study indicate that educators express intermediate evaluations of the importance of literacy work in the classroom, higher if it is done through digital resources, and higher for the synthetic method than for the analytical method. In addition, the impact of the use of masks on literacy learning was rated as very negative. On the other hand, gaps have been identified in the above perceptions by the position occupied in the classroom and by the method used to learn to read. Finally, some actions are suggested to homogenize the perceptions of the different professionals, and some lines of research are proposed.
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Ferrara M, Langiano E, Falese L, Diotaiuti P, Cortis C, De Vito E. Changes in Physical Activity Levels and Eating Behaviours during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Sociodemographic Analysis in University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095550. [PMID: 35564943 PMCID: PMC9105810 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has forced schools and universities to shift their activities online, influencing the adoption of health-related behaviours such as physical activity and healthy dietary habits. The present study investigates the changes in adherence to a healthy diet and regular physical activity in university students in Italy before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and understands the role of sociodemographic variables in creating the changes above. We conducted a repeated cross-sectional survey performing the same sampling strategy at the first data collection (T0) and second data collection (T1) with a combination of convenience and snowball sampling approaches. The sample is composed of a total of 2001 students, 60.2% women and 39.8% men, with an average age of 22.7 (±5.5 SD). At T1, 39.9% of the students reported regular physical activity. During the pandemic, however, many, especially male students, abandoned or reduced physical activity practice (T1 40%), with an increase in social media use (T0 52.1%; T1 90%). A direct association between very low frequency of physical activity and increased sedentary time (r = 0.2, p = 0.001) and between change in dietary style and increased Body Mass Index (BMI) value (r = 0.3, p = 0.002) was found. The multivariate analysis for the total sample showed that some sociodemographic variables such as gender, age, parents’ level of education, area of study, household type, and perception of one’s body influence eating behaviours and physical activity. Our findings suggest that universities should invest in the protection and promotion of the health of their students with specific awareness programmes, and further research should repeat the survey in the post-lockdown period to investigate the long-term effects on health-related behaviours.
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A Study of United States Registered Dietitian Nutritionists during COVID-19: From Impact to Adaptation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040907. [PMID: 35215557 PMCID: PMC8876548 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic introduced an unprecedented health crisis, requiring many Registered Dietitian Nutritionists (RDNs) to expand their duties and services, while other RDNs faced unemployment, reduced hours, and changes to their work environment. This study evaluated whether the pandemic impacted RDNs’ weight, eating behaviors, and psychological factors, and whether professional training as an RDN was perceived as a protective factor in maintaining healthy habits. A 57-item, cross-sectional, online questionnaire including open-ended questions was distributed to RDNs residing in the United States. Over two months (January 2021 to February 2021), 477 RDNs completed the questionnaire. Among RDNs, 68.5% reported no weight change, 21.4% reported weight gain greater than 5 pounds, and 10.3% reported weight loss greater than 5 pounds. Approximately 75% (n = 360) reported their RDN professional training equipped them with the skills needed to maintain healthy eating behaviors. Reduced physical activity and mental health were the top qualitative themes that emerged regarding reasons for weight change. These findings suggest that RDN professional practice skills may have conferred some personal health benefits, as evidenced by smaller weight gains, the maintenance of healthy habits, and fewer reporting psychological effects relative to the general population and other health professionals, thereby limiting the impact of pandemic-induced work and life disruptions.
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22
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Understanding Dietary Habit Changes during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040850. [PMID: 35215503 PMCID: PMC8880110 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
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