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Muha J, Schumacher A, Campisi SC, Korczak DJ. Depression and emotional eating in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Appetite 2024; 200:107511. [PMID: 38788931 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder in youth is associated with obesity and adult cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Eating in response to emotions (emotional eating) is a potential contributing factor to this association. Although emotional eating is associated with Major Depressive Disorder in adults, findings in children and adolescents are mixed. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to determine the association between depression and emotional eating in children and adolescents. Systematic searches were conducted in seven databases. Studies were included if the study population had a mean age of ≤18 years and assessed both depression and emotional eating using validated measures. The search generated 12,241 unique studies, of which 37 met inclusion criteria. Random-effects meta-analyses of study outcomes were performed. Thirty-seven studies (26,026 participants; mean age = 12.4 years, SD = 3.1) were included. The mean effect size was significant for both cross-sectional and longitudinal data (Hedges' g = 0.48, p < 0.0001; g = 0.37, p = 0.002, respectively), revealing a positive moderately strong association between depressive symptoms and emotional eating in youth. Among longitudinal studies, the association was stronger when depressive symptoms and emotional eating were assessed using child and adolescent self-report versus parent-report. No studies examined youth with a clinical diagnosis of depression. Meta-analyses revealed that depressive symptoms and emotional eating are positively associated in children and adolescents. However, further research in clinical samples is needed. Results raise the possibility for the importance of emotional eating in the link between depression and early CVD risk, though further examination is required to determine whether emotional eating is a potential treatment target to decrease CVD risk among adolescents with increased depression symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Muha
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anett Schumacher
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Susan C Campisi
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Nutrition and Dietetics Program, Clinical Public Health Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Daphne J Korczak
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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2
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Di Sante J, Frayn M, Angelescu A, Knäuper B. Proof-of-concept testing of a brief virtual ACT workshop for emotional eating. Appetite 2024; 199:107386. [PMID: 38692511 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional eating, or eating in response to negative emotions, is a commonly reported short-term emotion regulation strategy but has been shown to be ineffective in the long term. Most emotional eating interventions based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) have been delivered in the context of weight loss trials, highlighting a need for ACT-based emotional eating interventions in weight-neutral contexts. AIMS This proof-of-concept study aimed to test the acceptability and efficacy potential of a brief virtual ACT workshop for emotional eating in a small sample of adults identifying as emotional eaters. METHODS Twenty-six adult emotional eaters completed an ACT workshop delivered in two 1.5-h sessions over two weeks. The workshop targeted awareness and acceptance of emotions and eating urges, and valued actions around eating. RESULTS The acceptability of the workshop was demonstrated by high participant satisfaction. Significant improvements on all outcome measures were found and maintained up to 3 months follow-up. CONCLUSIONS These proof-of-concept findings suggest that a brief virtual ACT workshop may improve emotional eating and associated ACT processes. Results from this study can inform a future randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy of the workshop and the role of theoretical processes of change. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04457804. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, evidence obtained from multiple time series with the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mallory Frayn
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Bärbel Knäuper
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
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3
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Christensen E, Albertella L, Chamberlain SR, Brydevall M, Suo C, Grant JE, Yücel M, Lee RSC. The neurocognitive correlates of non-substance addictive behaviors. Addict Behav 2024; 150:107904. [PMID: 37984220 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Neurocognitive deficits have been implicated as transdiagnostic risk markers of substance use disorders. However, these have yet to be comprehensively evaluated in other, non-substance addictions. In a large, general community sample (N = 475) the present study evaluated the neurocognitive correlates of problem alcohol use and three non-substance-related addictive behaviors: addictive eating (AE), problematic pornography use (PPU), and problematic use of the internet (PUI), to identify potential shared and distinct neurocognitive correlates. A sample of Australian residents (54.4 % female M[SD] age = 32.4[11.9] years) completed a comprehensive online assessment of neurocognitive tasks tapping into eight distinct expert-endorsed domains purportedly associated with addiction. Multiple linear regressions with bootstrapping were used to examine associations among each addictive behavior of interest and neurocognition, trait impulsivity, and compulsivity, as well as key covariates. Neurocognition was differentially associated with each addictive behavior. None of the neurocognitive domains were significantly associated with problematic alcohol use or AE (p >.05), poorer performance monitoring was significantly associated with higher levels of PPU and PUI (β = -0.10, p =.049; β = -0.09, p =.028), and a preference for delayed gratification was associated with more severe PUI (β = -0.10, p =.025). Our findings have theoretical implications for how we understand non-substance addiction and suggest the need for a more nuanced approach to studying addictive behaviors that take into account the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms associated with each type of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erynn Christensen
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Lucy Albertella
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Samuel R Chamberlain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Southampton, Southampton, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Maja Brydevall
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chao Suo
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jon E Grant
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Murat Yücel
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Rico Sze Chun Lee
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Liu H, Tao TJ, Chan SKY, Ma JCH, Lau AYT, Yeung ETF, Hobfoll SE, Hou WK. Daily routine disruptions and psychiatric symptoms amid COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data from 0.9 million individuals in 32 countries. BMC Med 2024; 22:49. [PMID: 38302921 PMCID: PMC10835995 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is currently a deficit of knowledge about how to define, quantify, and measure different aspects of daily routine disruptions amid large-scale disasters like COVID-19, and which psychiatric symptoms were more related to the disruptions. This study aims to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the probable positive associations between daily routine disruptions and mental disorders amid the COVID-19 pandemic and factors that moderated the associations. METHODS PsycINFO, Web of Science, PubMed, and MEDLINE were systematically searched up to April 2023 (PROSPERO: CRD42023356846). Independent variables included regularity, change in frequency, and change in capability of different daily routines (i.e., physical activity, diet, sleep, social activities, leisure activities, work and studies, home activities, smoking, alcohol, combined multiple routines, unspecified generic routines). Dependent variables included symptoms and/or diagnoses of mental disorders (i.e., depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and general psychological distress). RESULTS Fifty-three eligible studies (51 independent samples, 910,503 respondents) were conducted in five continents. Daily routine disruptions were positively associated with depressive symptoms (r = 0.13, 95% CI = [0.06; 0.20], p < 0.001), anxiety symptoms (r = 0.12, 95% CI = [0.06; 0.17], p < 0.001), and general psychological distress (r = 0.09, 95% CI = [0.02; 0.16], p = 0.02). The routine-symptom associations were significant for physical activity, eating, sleep, and smoking (i.e., type), routines that were defined and assessed on regularity and change in capability (i.e., definition and assessment), and routines that were not internet-based. While the positive associations remained consistent across different sociodemographics, they were stronger in geo-temporal contexts with greater pandemic severity, lower governmental economic support, and when the routine-symptom link was examined prospectively. CONCLUSIONS This is one of the first meta-analytic evidence to show the positive association between daily routine disruptions and symptoms of mental disorders among large populations as COVID-19 dynamically unfolded across different geo-temporal contexts. Our findings highlight the priority of behavioral adjustment for enhancing population mental health in future large-scale disasters like COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huinan Liu
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tiffany Junchen Tao
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Selina Kit Yi Chan
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jeremy Chi Him Ma
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Abby Yan Tung Lau
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ernest Tsun Fung Yeung
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stevan E Hobfoll
- STAR Consultants-STress, Anxiety and Resilience, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Wai Kai Hou
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po NT, 10 Lo Ping Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Wang D, Wang D, Ye X, Chen J, Fu J, Xu H. Food addiction and its impact on weight status in children and adolescents: The mediating role of responsive eating pattern. Pediatr Obes 2024; 19:e13090. [PMID: 38148618 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This research explores the relationships between food addiction (FA), eating behaviours, and weight status in school-aged children and adolescents, aiming to understand how FA influences weight. METHODS By using a cross-sectional design, 426 healthy children and their parents were enroled in Eastern China. FA was assessed using the Chinese version of the Dimensional Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children 2.0 (dYFAS-C 2.0), while eating patterns were identified using latent profile analysis (LPA) derived from the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ). Weight status was indicated by Body Mass Index Z Score (BMIZ) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). The associations among FA, eating patterns, and weight status were explored using structural equation modelling (SEM). RESULTS Two eating patterns, the Responsive and the Controlled Eating Patterns, were identified. The Responsive Eating Pattern was characterized by high food responsiveness, enjoyment of food, emotional eating, fast eating, low satiety responsiveness, and food fussiness and was associated with FA and weight status (p < 0.001). The SEM results showed the Responsive Eating Pattern partially mediated the relationship between FA and weight status, with a mediation effect of 1.183 (95% CI [0.784, 1.629]) for BMIZ and 0.043 (95% CI [0.025, 0.063]) for WHtR. CONCLUSION Increased FA is associated with a higher weight status through a specific eating behaviour pattern characterized by high responsiveness to food, emotional and rapid eating habits, and low satiety. The findings suggest that targeted interventions should take these eating behaviour patterns into account to reduce the impact of FA on weight status among children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xian Ye
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junqing Chen
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junfen Fu
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongzhen Xu
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Vasileiou V, Abbott S. Emotional eating among adults with healthy weight, overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hum Nutr Diet 2023; 36:1922-1930. [PMID: 37012653 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional eating (EE) is a disordered eating behaviour which may lead to overeating. It is not clear whether EE presents to an equal degree among adults, regardless of their body mass index (BMI) status. The aim of this study was to assess whether there is a difference in degree of EE between adults with healthy weight, overweight and obesity. METHODS MEDLINE and APA PsycINFO databases were searched from inception up to January 2022 for studies that reported EE scores from validated questionnaires. The quality of all included studies was assessed using the AXIS tool. Meta-analysis used random effects and standardised mean difference (SMD). Heterogeneity was investigated using I2 statistics and sensitivity analyses. RESULTS A total of 11 studies with 7207 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Degree of EE was greater in adults with a BMI above the healthy range, compared to adults with a healthy BMI (SMD 0.31, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.45; I2 = 85%). However, subgroup analysis found that degree of EE was greater only in adults with obesity (SMD 0.61, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.81; I2 = 62%), and there was no difference in degree of EE between adults with overweight and those with a healthy BMI. CONCLUSIONS Degree of EE is greater among adults living with obesity, compared to adults with a healthy BMI, indicating a need for behavioural support to support EE among people living with obesity seeking weight management. Future research should examine the long-term effectiveness of interventions for EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vasileiou
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - S Abbott
- Department of Dietetics, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
- Research Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
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7
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Skolmowska D, Głąbska D, Guzek D. Stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Emotional Eating Scale Adapted for Children and Adolescents (EES-C) Results in Girls: Polish Adolescents' COVID-19 Experience (PLACE-19) Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:4197. [PMID: 37836481 PMCID: PMC10574204 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress related to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic may have caused substantial changes in eating behaviors, and may have been associated with emotional eating, especially in female individuals. The aim of the present study was to analyze the association between stress perceived during the COVID-19 pandemic and emotional eating in girls, within the third phase of the Polish Adolescents' COVID-19 Experience (PLACE-19) Study. A nationwide sample of 818 Polish female adolescents, aged 15-20, was gathered. The adolescents were recruited to the study based on a random quota sampling procedure. Using a computer-assisted web interview (CAWI) survey, participants filled out the Emotional Eating Scale Adapted for Children and Adolescents (EES-C) to assess the urge to cope with negative emotions by eating, and the Adolescent Stress Questionnaire (ASQ) to assess perceived stress. Additionally, the data concerning body mass, height, as well as body mass change during the COVID-19 pandemic were verified. The groups most susceptible to emotional eating were excessive body mass female adolescents, those who gained weight during the COVID-19 pandemic and those experiencing high stress levels while facing negative emotions. In order to plan effective therapeutic interventions dealing with the issue of emotional eating, both psychological therapy and dietary strategy tailored to the individual should be considered for the indicated susceptible groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Skolmowska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Dominika Głąbska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Dominika Guzek
- Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
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Ramalho S, Martins-Mendes D, Macedo JM, Barros C, Luis C, Sá S, Gestoso Á, Pereira AC, Baylina P, Fernandes R. Unveiling the Path to Resilience: Prioritizing Mental Health, Sleep, and Nutrition in the Post-COVID Era. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2463. [PMID: 37685496 PMCID: PMC10487180 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11172463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted daily life, impacting relationships, work, and education. This has led to increased stress, anxiety, and depression, along with altered sleep patterns and eating behaviors. Quarantine and isolation have worsened mental health, especially in children and the elderly, due to the loss of activities and physical contact. Sleep disorders and negative dreams perpetuate poor sleep quality, increasing the risk of health issues. Sedentary lifestyles and emotional effects contribute to unhealthy eating patterns and obesity, exacerbated by disrupted routines and limited outdoor activities. Addressing these challenges requires prioritizing mental health, promoting healthy sleep habits, and addressing obesity factors. The pandemic has profoundly affected human well-being, but resilience, mental health, sleep, and nutrition can enhance overall well-being and adaptability in the post-COVID era. This comprehensive opinion aims to raise awareness of the wide-ranging impacts of this pandemic on various aspects of human well-being and to emphasize the importance of implementing strategies that prioritize mental health, improve sleep habits, address eating behaviors, and foster resilience to navigate and thrive in the face of future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ramalho
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; (S.R.); (D.M.-M.); (J.M.M.); (C.B.); (C.L.); (S.S.); (Á.G.); (A.C.P.)
- CECLIN, Centro de Estudos Clínicos, Hospital Fernando Pessoa, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Faculdade de Biologia, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Daniela Martins-Mendes
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; (S.R.); (D.M.-M.); (J.M.M.); (C.B.); (C.L.); (S.S.); (Á.G.); (A.C.P.)
- CECLIN, Centro de Estudos Clínicos, Hospital Fernando Pessoa, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Mário Macedo
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; (S.R.); (D.M.-M.); (J.M.M.); (C.B.); (C.L.); (S.S.); (Á.G.); (A.C.P.)
- CECLIN, Centro de Estudos Clínicos, Hospital Fernando Pessoa, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Faculdade de Biologia, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Carla Barros
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; (S.R.); (D.M.-M.); (J.M.M.); (C.B.); (C.L.); (S.S.); (Á.G.); (A.C.P.)
- Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Luis
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; (S.R.); (D.M.-M.); (J.M.M.); (C.B.); (C.L.); (S.S.); (Á.G.); (A.C.P.)
- CECLIN, Centro de Estudos Clínicos, Hospital Fernando Pessoa, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Sá
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; (S.R.); (D.M.-M.); (J.M.M.); (C.B.); (C.L.); (S.S.); (Á.G.); (A.C.P.)
- CECLIN, Centro de Estudos Clínicos, Hospital Fernando Pessoa, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Álvaro Gestoso
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; (S.R.); (D.M.-M.); (J.M.M.); (C.B.); (C.L.); (S.S.); (Á.G.); (A.C.P.)
- CECLIN, Centro de Estudos Clínicos, Hospital Fernando Pessoa, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Ana Cláudia Pereira
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; (S.R.); (D.M.-M.); (J.M.M.); (C.B.); (C.L.); (S.S.); (Á.G.); (A.C.P.)
- CECLIN, Centro de Estudos Clínicos, Hospital Fernando Pessoa, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Pilar Baylina
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Escola S. Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; (S.R.); (D.M.-M.); (J.M.M.); (C.B.); (C.L.); (S.S.); (Á.G.); (A.C.P.)
- CECLIN, Centro de Estudos Clínicos, Hospital Fernando Pessoa, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
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Głąbska D, Skolmowska D, Guzek D. Emotional Overeating during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Polish Adolescents' COVID-19 Experience (PLACE-19) Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:3818. [PMID: 37686850 PMCID: PMC10490068 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotional overeating is the most frequently noted type of emotional eating, being commonly associated with increased consumption of energy-dense products, as well as excessive body mass, and weight gain. Even though a number of studies assessed emotional overeating during the COVID-19 pandemic in adult populations, studies of children and adolescents are scarce. The aim of the present study was to assess emotional overeating background, including consumption in response to six emotions (anxiety, sadness, loneliness, tiredness, anger, and happiness), in the population of Polish adolescents within the PLACE-19 Study during the COVID-19 pandemic. The PLACE-19 Study is a national Polish population-based study of adolescents gathered upon recruitment based on a random quota sampling of secondary schools, conducted in a population of 1126 students (818 females and 308 males, a median of age 17.0 and 16.5 years, respectively). Emotional overeating was assessed while using the Emotional Overeating Questionnaire (EOQ), and as additional factors, the following were assessed: gender, body mass, body mass change during the COVID-19 pandemic, and declared tempting food products. Female participants declared a higher frequency of overeating in response to feelings of anxiety, sadness, loneliness, and happiness, and were characterized by a higher total score than male participants, while p ≤ 0.05 was interpreted as a statistical significance. Obese participants declared a higher frequency of overeating in response to feelings of sadness, and loneliness than normal weight participants. Participants gaining weight declared a higher frequency of overeating in response to feelings of anxiety, sadness, loneliness, tiredness, and anger, and were characterized by a higher total score than participants losing weight or maintaining a stable weight, while participants gaining weight declared a higher frequency of overeating in response to feelings of happiness than participants losing weight. Participants declaring both sweet and salty products as tempting declared a higher frequency of overeating in response to feelings of anxiety, and sadness than participants declaring no tempting products; participants declaring both sweet and salty products declared a higher frequency of overeating in response to feelings of tiredness than participants declaring only salty products and those declaring no tempting products, as well as declared a higher frequency of overeating in response to feelings of happiness than participants declaring only sweet products, and those declaring no tempting products; participants declaring sweet products declared a higher frequency of overeating in response to feelings of anger than participants declaring no tempting products, while participants declaring both sweet and salty products declared a higher frequency of overeating in response to feelings of loneliness, and were characterized by a higher total score than all other respondents. The sub-groups with the highest frequency of emotional overeating were the female respondents, obese participants, those gaining weight, and those declaring both sweet and salty products as tempting, while among the emotions most often causing emotional overeating, there were sadness and loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Głąbska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (D.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Dominika Skolmowska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (D.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Dominika Guzek
- Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Nicanor-Carreón JG, Seyedsadjadi N, Rowitz B, Pepino MY. Weight Regain and Ingestive Behavior in Women after Metabolic Surgery. Nutrients 2023; 15:3670. [PMID: 37686704 PMCID: PMC10490188 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated associations between maladaptive ingestive behaviors and weight regain in women who underwent metabolic surgery 2-10 years ago. Using a web-based survey, we assessed emotional, external, and restrained eating (Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire-DEBQ), food cravings (Food-Craving Inventory-FCI), and other behaviors (e.g., Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire-EDE-Q; Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Concise-AUDIT-C) in 36 women (42.9 ± 9.5 years old) post-surgery. We found that weight regain was specifically associated with increased frequency of cravings for sweets (r = 0.43), higher global scores in the EDE-Q (r = 0.38), and time elapsed since surgery (r = 0.35; all p's < 0.04). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the association between weight regain and sweet cravings interacted with time after surgery (p = 0.04), with the strongest association observed in women assessed closer to the surgery (i.e., 2.0-2.8 years). The combination of time after surgery and its interaction with sweet cravings accounted for 31% of the individual variations in weight regain (p = 0.005). Notably, among participants who reported alcohol consumption (31 of 36), 55% had an AUDIT-C score indicating hazardous drinking. These findings highlight the relevance of attending to patients' reports of frequent sweet cravings and screening for alcohol use to enhance strategies tailored to prevent weight regain and alcohol-related health problems post-surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica G. Nicanor-Carreón
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (J.G.N.-C.)
| | - Neda Seyedsadjadi
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Blair Rowitz
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (J.G.N.-C.)
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Surgery, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Marta Yanina Pepino
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (J.G.N.-C.)
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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11
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Olszanecka-Glinianowicz M, Mazur A, Chudek J, Kos-Kudła B, Markuszewski L, Dudek D, Major P, Małczak P, Tarnowski W, Jaworski P, Tomiak E. Obesity in Adults: Position Statement of Polish Association for the Study on Obesity, Polish Association of Endocrinology, Polish Association of Cardiodiabetology, Polish Psychiatric Association, Section of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery of the Association of Polish Surgeons, and the College of Family Physicians in Poland. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071641. [PMID: 37049479 PMCID: PMC10097178 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity in adults and its complications are among the most important problems of public health. The search was conducted by using PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, MEDLINE, and EBSCO databases from January 2010 to December 2022 for English language meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomized clinical trials, and observational studies from all over the world. Six main topics were defined in the joint consensus statement of the Polish Association for the Study on Obesity, the Polish Association of Endocrinology, the Polish Association of Cardio-diabetology, the Polish Psychiatric Association, the Section of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery of the Society of Polish Surgeons, and the College of Family Physicians in Poland: (1) the definition, causes and diagnosis of obesity; (2) treatment of obesity; (3) treatment of main complications of obesity; (4) bariatric surgery and its limitations; (5) the role of primary care in diagnostics and treatment of obesity and barriers; and (6) recommendations for general practitioners, regional authorities and the Ministry of Health. This statement outlines the role of an individual and the adequate approach to the treatment of obesity: overcoming obstacles in the treatment of obesity by primary health care. The approach to the treatment of obesity in patients with its most common complications is also discussed. Attention was drawn to the importance of interdisciplinary cooperation and considering the needs of patients in increasing the long-term effectiveness of obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Olszanecka-Glinianowicz
- Health Promotion and Obesity Management Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Artur Mazur
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, University of Rzeszów, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Chudek
- Department of Internal Diseases and Oncological Chemotherapy, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland
| | - Beata Kos-Kudła
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Leszek Markuszewski
- Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences, University of Humanities and Technology in Radom, 26-600 Radom, Poland
| | - Dominika Dudek
- Department of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Cracow, Poland
| | - Piotr Major
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Cracow, Poland
| | - Piotr Małczak
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Cracow, Poland
| | - Wiesław Tarnowski
- Department of General, Oncological and Bariatric Surgery, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Orłowski Hospital, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Jaworski
- Department of General, Oncological and Bariatric Surgery, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Orłowski Hospital, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Tomiak
- The College of Family Physicians in Poland, 00-209 Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Üstün D, Yilmaz S. Determining the Effect of Stress and Anxiety on Eating Attitudes in Healthcare Providers Working on COVID-19 Wards. Ecol Food Nutr 2023; 62:88-105. [PMID: 36882968 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2023.2187384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the stress, anxiety and eating conditions of health personnel working in COVID-19 clinics, to evaluate how they interact with each other with a holistic approach, and to examine the role of variables such as gender and BMI in these relationships. It was determined that 1-unit increase in the TFEQ-18 score decreased stress and anxiety levels 1.09 and 1.028 times, respectively. We were able to show that stress and anxiety levels of participants negatively affect their eating behavior and anxiety levels of health personnel negatively affect their eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Üstün
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sine Yilmaz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
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13
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Wattick RA, Olfert MD, Claydon E, Hagedorn-Hatfield RL, Barr ML, Brode C. Early life influences on the development of food addiction in college attending young adults. Eat Weight Disord 2023; 28:14. [PMID: 36807705 PMCID: PMC9940052 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01546-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There is little investigation into the causes of food addiction. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of early life influences on the development of food addiction in college-attending young adults aged 18-29. METHODS This study utilized a sequential explanatory mixed-methods research design. College-attending young adults were invited to complete an online survey measuring Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), food addiction, depression, anxiety, stress, and demographic information. Correlations between food addiction and the other variables were analyzed and significant variables were placed into a nominal logistic regression model to predict the development of food addiction. Participants who met the criteria for food addiction were invited to participate in interviews to examine their childhood eating environment and when their symptoms emerged. Interviews were transcribed and thematically analyzed. Quantitative analysis was conducted using JMP Pro Version 16.0 and qualitative analysis was conducted using NVIVO Software Version 12.0. RESULTS Survey respondents (n = 1645) had an overall 21.9% prevalence of food addiction. Significant correlations were observed between food addiction and ACEs, depression, anxiety, stress, and sex (p < .01 for all). Depression was the only significant predictor of the development of food addiction (OR = 3.33 95% CI 2.19, 5.05). The most common eating environment described by interview participants (n = 36) was an emphasis on diet culture, ideal body image, and restrictive environments. Symptoms frequently emerged after transitioning into college and having the ability to make their own food choices. CONCLUSION These results show the impact of early life eating environments and young adulthood mental health on the development of food addiction. These findings contribute to the understanding of underlying causes of food addiction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, Opinions of authorities, based on descriptive studies, narrative reviews, clinical experience, or reports of expert committees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Wattick
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, West Virginia University, G25 4100 Agricultural Sciences Building, 1194 Evansdale Dr., P.O. Box 6108, Morgantown, WV, 26505-6108, USA
| | - Melissa D Olfert
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, West Virginia University, G25 4100 Agricultural Sciences Building, 1194 Evansdale Dr., P.O. Box 6108, Morgantown, WV, 26505-6108, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Claydon
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV, 26505-9190, USA
| | - Rebecca L Hagedorn-Hatfield
- Department of Nutrition, Health and Human Performance, School of Education Health and Human Sciences, Meredith College, 3800 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC, 27607-5298, USA
| | - Makenzie L Barr
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, University of Kentucky, 212 Funkhouser Building, Lexington, KY, 40514, USA
| | - Cassie Brode
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
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14
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Lin P, Hillstrom K, Gottesman K, Jia Y, Kuo T, Robles B. Financial and Other Life Stressors, Psychological Distress, and Food and Beverage Consumption among Students Attending a Large California State University during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3668. [PMID: 36834363 PMCID: PMC9965632 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic abruptly disrupted the daily lives and health of college students across the United States. This study investigated several stressors (e.g., financial strain/uncertainty), psychological distress, and dietary behaviors among college students attending a large state university during the pandemic. A cross-sectional online survey was administered to students from the California State University, Los Angeles between April and May 2021 (final analytic sample n = 736). Differences in gender and race/ethnicity were examined using chi-square, t-test, and one-way ANOVA tests. Paired t-tests were performed to compare variables before and during the pandemic. Negative binomial regression models examined the associations between various stressors, psychological distress, and three key dietary outcomes. Descriptive results showed that the consumption of fruits and vegetables, fast food, and sugary beverages, along with psychological distress, all increased during the pandemic. Significant differences in fruit and vegetable and fast food consumption by gender and race/ethnicity were also observed. In the regression models, several stressors, including financial strain and psychological distress, were associated with unfavorable food and beverage consumption, thereby suggesting that college students may need more support in mitigating these stressors so they do not manifest as poor dietary behaviors. Poor diet quality is associated with poor physical health outcomes such as premature development of type 2 diabetes or hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, P.O. Box 951722, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kathryn Hillstrom
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Kimberly Gottesman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Yuane Jia
- School of Health Professions, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, 65 Bergen St., Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Tony Kuo
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, P.O. Box 951722, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10880 Wilshire Blvd, Suite 1800, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
- Population Health Program, UCLA Clinical and Translational Science Institute, 10833 Le Conte Ave., BE-144 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Brenda Robles
- Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics, and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, Carrer de la Universitat de Girona 10, Campus de Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Spain
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15
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Nikolić M, Mitić A, Petrović J, Dimitrijević D, Popović J, Stošić N, Stojanovska V. Determining the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Dental Care in the Serbian Adult Population: An Online Questionnaire-Based Study. Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e939238. [PMID: 36654487 PMCID: PMC9872440 DOI: 10.12659/msm.939238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 virus) could lead to an increase in dental anxiety, avoidance of dental visits, and general neglect of oral health. This online questionnaire-based study conducted in April and May of 2021 in Serbia aimed to determine the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on dental care. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 2060 adult citizens of the Republic of Serbia who participated in an anonymous online questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale. Data were collected on dental care routine prior to and during the pandemic, and the fear of negative consequences for oral health. The results were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, ANOVA, and the paired t test. RESULTS Approximately one-fifth of the respondents postponed dental visits during the pandemic. Concern about postponing dental treatment was expressed by more than one-half of the respondents (57.1%), while 21.4% thought that they were already experiencing the consequences. Avoidance of preventive examinations and improvement of oral hygiene are more common among the elderly compared to younger respondents (P=.000). CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic did not significantly affect the habit of avoiding dental interventions due to fear, but it did lead to part of the population completely avoiding even urgent dental interventions during the peak of the pandemic, and opting for tooth extraction rather than treatment. The strongest impact on dental care in the pandemic was among people over 64 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Nikolić
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Clinic of Dental Medicine Niš, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Mitić
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Clinic of Dental Medicine Niš, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Jelena Petrović
- Department of Pedagogy, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | | | - Jelena Popović
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Clinic of Dental Medicine Niš, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Nenad Stošić
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Clinic of Dental Medicine Niš, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Vera Stojanovska
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, European University Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
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Jawed A, Lim M, Harrison A, Esposito G, Adusumilli N, Dimitriou D. Exploring the Impact of COVID-19 on Individuals with Eating Disorders in Saudi Arabia: A Thematic Analysis. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13010069. [PMID: 36661641 PMCID: PMC9855056 DOI: 10.3390/bs13010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Food and sleep are critical for human survival. However, for individuals with eating disorders, they face two critical disruptions in terms of abnormal feeding patterns as well as poor sleep. These difficulties are exacerbated as a result of the recent coronavirus pandemic, which caused drastic changes in daily life schedules and living arrangements. The current study therefore aims to explore, through qualitative means, how individuals with eating disorders are affected during the subsequent lockdowns, with a particular emphasis on the pandemic's impact on their sleep in Saudi Arabia. Two groups of participants were recruited: participants with eating disorders and healthy controls. Based on thematic analysis of focus group discussion data, it was found that both types of participants experienced poorer sleep and poorer mental health. Participants with eating disorders too showed a deterioration of their symptoms. However, healthy participants tended to show greater levels of recovery and coping. Based on the study findings, recommendations for future studies are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Jawed
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, UCL Institute of Education, London WC1H 0AA, UK
| | - Mengyu Lim
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 48 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639818, Singapore
| | - Amy Harrison
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, University College London, 25 Woburn Square, London WC1H 0AA, UK
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Affiliative Behaviour and Physiology Lab, Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, 38122 Trento, Italy
| | - Nandini Adusumilli
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, UCL Institute of Education, London WC1H 0AA, UK
| | - Dagmara Dimitriou
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, UCL Institute of Education, London WC1H 0AA, UK
- Correspondence:
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Burnatowska E, Wikarek A, Oboza P, Ogarek N, Glinianowicz M, Kocelak P, Olszanecka-Glinianowicz M. Emotional Eating and Binge Eating Disorders and Night Eating Syndrome in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome-A Vicious Circle of Disease: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020295. [PMID: 36678165 PMCID: PMC9865055 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an established risk factor for the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), especially phenotype A. PCOS is an important cause of fertility disorders in a large group of women of reproductive age. For many years, effective methods of treating hormonal disorders associated with PCOS have been sought in order to restore ovulation with regular menstrual cycles. Numerous studies support obesity treatment as an effective therapeutic method for many women. A seemingly simple method of treatment may prove to be particularly difficult in this group of women. The reason for this may be the lack of recognition the primary cause of obesity development or the occurrence of a vicious circle of disease. Primary causes of developing obesity may be emotional eating (EE) and eating disorders (EDs), such as binge eating disorder (BED) and its extreme form, addictive eating, as well as night eating syndrome (NES). All of these are caused by impaired function of the reward system. Consequently, these disorders can develop or be exacerbated in women with obesity and PCOS as a result of depression and anxiety related to hirsutism and fertility disturbances. Therefore, for the effective treatment of obesity, it is very important to recognize and treat EE, BED, and NES, including the appropriate selection of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. Therefore, the aim of our manuscript is to analyze the available data on the relationships between EE, BED, NES, obesity, and PCOS and their impact on the treatment of obesity in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Burnatowska
- Students’ Scientific Society at the Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, The Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wikarek
- Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, The Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Paulina Oboza
- Students’ Scientific Society at the Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, The Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Natalia Ogarek
- Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, The Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Mateusz Glinianowicz
- Department of Psychology, Social Sciences, and Humanities, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, the Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Piotr Kocelak
- Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, The Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Magdalena Olszanecka-Glinianowicz
- Health Promotion and Obesity Management Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, The Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
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Vila-Marti A, Ramírez-Contreras C, Apolinar-Jiménez E, Rojas-Cárdenas P, Valera-Gran D, Almendra-Pegueros R, Navarrete-Muñoz EM. Factors Associated with Dietary Restriction and Emotional and Uncontrolled Eating in Adults from Spanish-Speaking Countries during the COVID-19 Confinement: Results of the CoV-Eat Project. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224866. [PMID: 36432551 PMCID: PMC9693495 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The first COVID-19 confinement has led to changes in the population’s behaviour. However, little has been analysed about the changes in eating behaviour beyond the decrease in adherence to healthy dietary patterns. The aim of the CoV-Eat project was to identify factors related to each of the following eating behaviours (EB): cognitive restraints (CR), uncontrolled eating (UE), and emotional eating (EE) in adults from Spanish-speaking countries. Participants completed an anonymous online survey. EB was assessed using the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire and the scores were classified into tertiles. Socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyle habits including physical activity, sleep quality, screen use, smoking consumption, and relationship with food were also collected. A total of 9849 participants from 21 countries were included in this study. The median of CR, UE, and EE behaviours was 15, 24, and 9, respectively. We observed that higher age, days of confinement, number of times leaving home in the last week, changes in sleep quality, and their relationship with food were negatively associated with CR, EE, and UE, while being a man was positively associated with an increased in all these EBs. A higher household income was negatively associated with a higher score of CR, and a higher education level (>primary) was positively associated with a medium score of EE. Lower physical activity was a factor negatively associated with a medium score of EE and UE. Higher screen use showed the same negative association for a medium score of EE and UE and a high score of CR. In addition, higher tobacco consumption was found to be a protective factor against having a medium or high score of CR and EE. In conclusion, some sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle changes may be important factors for EB and should be considered in emergency situations such as confinement to prevent risky eating behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vila-Marti
- Research Group M3O, Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut i el Benestar, Universitat de Vic—Universitat Central de Catalunya, 08500 Vic, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Catalina Ramírez-Contreras
- Departamento de Nutrición, Ciencias de la Alimentación y Gastronomía, Facultad de Farmacia y Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación en Nutrición y Seguridad Alimentaria (INSA-UB), Universidad de Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Evelia Apolinar-Jiménez
- Unidad de Metabolismo y Nutrición, Departamento de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Bajío, León 37660, Mexico
| | - Pía Rojas-Cárdenas
- Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Adventista de Chile, Chillán 3780000, Chile
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán 3800708, Chile
| | - Desirée Valera-Gran
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Ocupacional (InTeO), Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.V.-G.); (R.A.-P.); Tel.: +34-965-233-705 (D.V.-G.); +34-935-565-897 (ext. 5894) (R.A.-P.)
| | - Rafael Almendra-Pegueros
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Red de Nutrición Basada en la Evidencia, Academia Española de Nutrición y Dietética, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.V.-G.); (R.A.-P.); Tel.: +34-965-233-705 (D.V.-G.); +34-935-565-897 (ext. 5894) (R.A.-P.)
| | - Eva María Navarrete-Muñoz
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Ocupacional (InTeO), Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
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