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Zhu X, Chen Y, Zhu M, Hu J. The Relationship Between Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Metabolic Syndrome. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:1523-1532. [PMID: 38576450 PMCID: PMC10992673 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s450783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Prior research has established an association between small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) and dyslipidemia, serving as a significant marker for predicting cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, the connection between sdLDL-C and metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains unclear. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed 23,187 individuals who underwent health checkups at Taizhou Hospital's health management center. Here, we investigated the relationship between sdLDL-C and MetS, along with its components, utilizing Spearman correlation analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, logistic regression, and mediation analysis. Results The MetS group exhibited significantly higher level of sdLDL-C compared to the non-MetS group (P<0.001). We observed a strong correlation between sdLDL-C and several key factors: TG (r = 0.711), TC (r = 0.672), LDL-C (r = 0.781), GGT (r = 0.420), and HDL-C (r = -0.417). After adjusting for age and gender, the odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) for MetS incidence in the second, third, and fourth quartiles versus the first quartile of sdLDL-C concentration were 2.264 (95% CI: 1.851, 2.770), 4.053 (95% CI: 3.350, 4.903), and 9.034 (95% CI: 7.531, 10.837). The optimal cut-off value for diagnosing MetS using sdLDL-C was determined to be 0.98 mmol/L, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.716 (95% CI: 0.705, 0.726). Additionally, mediation analysis revealed that sdLDL-C mediated a 12.8% correlation between GGT and TG concentration. Conclusion The sdLDL-C is correlated with MetS and it can successfully mediate the relationship between GGT and TG. Our data suggests that sdLDL-c and GGT are suitable parameters for preventing and monitoring MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yijun Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingan Zhu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinxi Hu
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Saccaro LF, Aimo A, Panichella G, Sentissi O. Shared and unique characteristics of metabolic syndrome in psychotic disorders: a review. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1343427. [PMID: 38501085 PMCID: PMC10944869 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1343427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction People with psychosis spectrum disorders (PSD) face an elevated risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which may reduce their life expectancy by nearly 20%. Pinpointing the shared and specific characteristics and clinical implications of MetS in PSD is crucial for designing interventions to reduce this risk, but an up-to-date review on MetS across the psychosis spectrum is lacking. Methods This narrative review fills this gap by examining the clinical literature on characteristics and implications of MetS in both distinct PSD and transdiagnostically, i.e., across traditional categorical diagnoses, with a focus on psychiatric and cardio-metabolic management. Results We discuss common and specific characteristics of MetS in PSD, as well as factors contributing to MetS development in PSD patients, including unhealthy lifestyle factors, genetic predisposition, pro-inflammatory state, drugs consumption, antipsychotic medication, and psychotic symptoms. We highlight the importance of early identification and management of cardio-metabolic risk in PSD patients, as well as the existing gaps in the literature, for instance in the screening for MetS in younger PSD patients. We compare hypotheses-generating clinical associations and characteristics of MetS in different PSD, concluding by reviewing the existing recommendations and challenges in screening, monitoring, and managing MetS in PSD. Conclusion Early identification and management of MetS are crucial to mitigate the long-term cardio-metabolic toll in PSD patients. Interventions should focus on healthy lifestyle and appropriate pharmacological and behavioral interventions. Further translational and clinical research is needed to develop targeted interventions and personalized treatment approaches for this vulnerable population, aiming at improving physical health and overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi F Saccaro
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Psychiatry Department, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Aimo
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giorgia Panichella
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Othman Sentissi
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Psychiatry Department, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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3
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Cardoso BEP, da Cunha Soares T, da Silva Dias TM, Fontenelle LC, Morais JBS, Cruz KJC, de Paiva Sousa M, de Sousa TGV, de Sousa Melo SR, Dos Santos LR, Henriques GS, Oliveira FE, do Nascimento Marreiro D. Selenium Biomarkers and Their Relationship to Cardiovascular Risk Parameters in Obese Women. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:866-877. [PMID: 37338800 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03726-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was carried out with 210 women divided into a case group (obese, n = 84) and a control group (eutrophic, n = 126). Body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and hip and neck circumference were measured and the waist-hip ratio and conicity index were calculated. Selenium in plasma, erythrocytes and urine, erythrocyte GPx activity, lipid profile, Castelli I and II indices, and systolic and diastolic blood (DBP) pressure were evaluated. Mean dietary selenium intake (µg/kg/day) and plasma and erythrocyte concentrations were lower in the obese group compared to the healthy group (p < 0.001). while urinary selenium concentrations were higher (p < 0.001). There was a statistical difference between groups regarding cardiovascular risk parameters: waist circumference, neck circumference, waist-hip ratio, conicity index, triacylglycerols (TGC), and lipoproteins rich in triacylglycerols (VLDL-c) (p > 0.05). There was a negative correlation between plasma selenium concentrations and total cholesterol (TC), non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Urinary selenium correlated negatively with waist circumference and hip circumference and positively with neck circumference, TC, TGC, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c), non-HDL, and VLDL-c. There was a negative correlation between dietary selenium and waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, neck circumference, conicity index, non-HDL cholesterol, LDL-c, and Castelli indices I and II, as well as a positive correlation with HDL-c and diastolic blood pressure. Women with obesity present changes in their nutritional status related to selenium, as well as increased cardiovascular risk parameters. Thus, the positive role of selenium in protecting the risk of cardiovascular disease is likely.
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Cole J, Zubirán R, Wolska A, Jialal I, Remaley AT. Use of Apolipoprotein B in the Era of Precision Medicine: Time for a Paradigm Change? J Clin Med 2023; 12:5737. [PMID: 37685804 PMCID: PMC10488498 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide and the risk of a major cardiovascular event is highest among those with established disease. Ongoing management of these patients relies on the accurate assessment of their response to any prescribed therapy, and their residual risk, in order to optimize treatment. Recent international guidelines and position statements concur that the plasma concentration of apolipoprotein B (apoB) is the most accurate measure of lipoprotein associated ASCVD risk. This is especially true for the growing number of individuals with diabetes, obesity, or the metabolic syndrome, and those on statin therapy. Most guidelines, however, continue to promote LDL-C as the primary risk marker due to uncertainty as to whether the greater accuracy of apoB is sufficient to warrant a paradigm shift. Recommendations regarding apoB measurement vary, and the information provided on how to interpret apoB results is sometimes insufficient, particularly for non-lipid specialists. Misinformation regarding the reliability of the assays is also frequently repeated despite its equivalent or better standardization than many other diagnostic assays. Thus, demand for apoB testing is relatively low, which means there is little incentive to increase its availability or reduce its cost. In this review, we examine the results of recent clinical outcomes studies and meta-analyses on the relative values of apoB, LDL-C, and non-HDL-C as markers of ASCVD risk. Although there is seemingly minimal difference among these markers when only population-based metrics are considered, it is evident from our analysis that, from a personalized or precision medicine standpoint, many individuals would benefit, at a negligible total cost, if apoB measurement were better integrated into the diagnosis and treatment of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Cole
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (R.Z.); (A.W.); (A.T.R.)
| | - Rafael Zubirán
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (R.Z.); (A.W.); (A.T.R.)
| | - Anna Wolska
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (R.Z.); (A.W.); (A.T.R.)
| | - Ishwarlal Jialal
- Department of Pathology and Internal Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA;
| | - Alan T. Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (R.Z.); (A.W.); (A.T.R.)
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5
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Piko P, Jenei T, Kosa Z, Sandor J, Kovacs N, Seres I, Paragh G, Adany R. Association of HDL Subfraction Profile with the Progression of Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13563. [PMID: 37686368 PMCID: PMC10488248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global public health problem, as it is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition characterized by disturbances in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism that precedes T2DM. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between HDL and its subfraction profile and the progression of IR, as assessed by the Homeostatic Model Assessment for IR (HOMA-IR) index, and to define cut-off values to identify an increased risk of IR. Individuals with a HOMA-IR greater than 3.63 were considered to have IR. The HDL subfractions were separated using the Lipoprint system, which identifies ten subfractions (HDL-1-10) in three subclasses as large (HDL-L), intermediate (HDL-I) and small (HDL-S). Analyses were performed on samples from 240 individuals without IR and 137 with IR from the Hungarian general and Roma populations. The HDL-1 to -6 subfractions and the HDL-L and -I classes showed a significant negative association with the progression and existence of IR. Among them, HDL-2 (B = -40.37, p = 2.08 × 10-11) and HDL-L (B = -14.85, p = 9.52 × 10-10) showed the strongest correlation. The optimal threshold was found to be 0.264 mmol/L for HDL-L and 0.102 mmol/L and above for HDL-2. Individuals with HDL-L levels below the reference value had a 5.1-fold higher risk of IR (p = 2.2 × 10-7), while those with HDL-2 levels had a 4.2-fold higher risk (p = 3.0 × 10-6). This study demonstrates that the HDL subfraction profile (especially the decrease in HDL-2 and -L) may be a useful marker for the early detection and intervention of atherogenic dyslipidemia in subjects with impaired glucose and insulin metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Piko
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.P.); (T.J.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
- National Laboratory for Health Security, Center for Epidemiology and Surveillance, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Jenei
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.P.); (T.J.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Zsigmond Kosa
- Department of Health Methodology and Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Debrecen, 4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary;
| | - Janos Sandor
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.P.); (T.J.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
- ELKH-DE Public Health Research Group, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nora Kovacs
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.P.); (T.J.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
- ELKH-DE Public Health Research Group, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildiko Seres
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Gyorgy Paragh
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Roza Adany
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.P.); (T.J.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
- National Laboratory for Health Security, Center for Epidemiology and Surveillance, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-DE Public Health Research Group, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
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6
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Sun D, Liu C, Zhu Y, Yu C, Guo Y, Sun D, Pang Y, Pei P, Du H, Yang L, Chen Y, Meng X, Liu Y, Zhang J, Schmidt D, Avery D, Chen J, Chen Z, Lv J, Kan H, Li L. Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Incidence of Esophageal Cancer: A Prospective Study of 0.5 Million Chinese Adults. Gastroenterology 2023; 165:61-70.e5. [PMID: 37059339 PMCID: PMC7615725 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.03.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Evidence is sparse and inconclusive on the association between long-term fine (≤2.5 μm) particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure and esophageal cancer. We aimed to assess the association of PM2.5 with esophageal cancer risk and compared the esophageal cancer risk attributable to PM2.5 exposure and other established risk factors. METHODS This study included 510,125 participants without esophageal cancer at baseline from China Kadoorie Biobank. A high-resolution (1 × 1 km) satellite-based model was used to estimate PM2.5 exposure during the study period. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CIs of PM2.5 with esophageal cancer incidence were estimated using Cox proportional hazard model. Population attributable fractions for PM2.5 and other established risk factors were estimated. RESULTS There was a linear concentration-response relationship between long-term PM2.5 exposure and esophageal cancer. For each 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, the HR was 1.16 (95% CI, 1.04-1.30) for esophageal cancer incidence. Compared with the first quarter of PM2.5 exposure, participants in the highest quarter had a 1.32-fold higher risk for esophageal cancer, with an HR of 1.32 (95% CI, 1.01-1.72). The population attributable risk because of annual average PM2.5 concentration ≥35 μg/m3 was 23.3% (95% CI, 6.6%-40.0%), higher than the risks attributable to lifestyle risk factors. CONCLUSIONS This large prospective cohort study of Chinese adults found that long-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with an elevated risk of esophageal cancer. With stringent air pollution mitigation measures in China, a large reduction in the esophageal cancer disease burden can be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Integrated Research on Disaster Risk, International Centers of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunqing Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanjie Pang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Pei
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Beijing, China
| | - Huaidong Du
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ling Yang
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yiping Chen
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Xia Meng
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Integrated Research on Disaster Risk, International Centers of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jun Zhang
- Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou, China
| | - Dan Schmidt
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Avery
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Junshi Chen
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Integrated Research on Disaster Risk, International Centers of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
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7
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Kokkinopoulou A, Katsiki N, Pagkalos I, Rodopaios NE, Koulouri AA, Vasara E, Papadopoulou SK, Skepastianos P, Dermitzakis E, Hassapidou M, Kafatos AG. Nutrient Intake and Risk Factors for Metabolic Syndrome in Christian Orthodox Church Religious Fasters. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112468. [PMID: 37299432 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies regarding health effects of religious fasting have been increased during the last decade. Our aim was to investigate the impact of adherence to the periodic Christian Orthodox Church (COC) fasting on nutrient intake, body composition, and risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS Four-hundred individuals aged 42.6 ± 17.0 years participated in this cross-sectional study. Two-hundred subjects followed the COC fasting since childhood or at least the last twelve consecutive years, and two-hundred subjects did not follow the COC fasting regimes or any other restrictive dietary pattern. Socioeconomic data, lifestyle habits, and physical activity data were collected. Nutritional assessment was performed via two 24 h recalls and a food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric data and biochemical parameters were also measured. RESULTS Fasters had a significantly lower daily intake of calories (1547 vs. 1662 kcals, p = 0.009), protein (52 vs. 59 g, p = 0.001), fat (82 vs. 89 g, p = 0.012), and cholesterol (147 vs. 178 g, p = 0.001) compared with non-fasters. Furthermore, fasters reported a healthier way of living, with lower rates of smoking and alcohol consumption (p < 0.001 and 0.002, respectively). Insulin and magnesium levels were significantly higher, whereas levels of urea, transaminases, glucose, and phosphorus were significantly lower, as was DBP in fasters versus non-fasters. Furthermore, MetS prevalence was non-significantly higher in non-faster compared with fasters. CONCLUSION During a non-fasting period, individuals following the COC fasting recommendations reported lower intake of calories, protein, fat, and cholesterol compared with non-fasters. Fasters tended to have a healthier lifestyle pattern and a lower risk for MetS versus non-fasters. Some biochemical parameters also significantly differed between the two study groups. Further research is warranted to establish the long-term clinical impact of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kokkinopoulou
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition Unit, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Crete, Greece
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Niki Katsiki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
| | - Ioannis Pagkalos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos E Rodopaios
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition Unit, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Crete, Greece
| | | | - Eleni Vasara
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sousana K Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Petros Skepastianos
- Department of Medical Laboratory Studies, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Dermitzakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Hassapidou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anthony G Kafatos
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition Unit, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Crete, Greece
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8
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Pan L, Shi K, Lv J, Pang Y, Guo Y, Pei P, Du H, Millwood I, Yang L, Chen Y, Gao R, Yang X, Avery D, Chen J, Yu C, Chen Z, Li L. Association of dietary patterns, circulating lipid profile, and risk of obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:1445-1454. [PMID: 37037666 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to simultaneously explore the associations of major dietary patterns (DP) with lipid profiles and the associations of these profiles with general and central obesity risks and to evaluate the extent to which the metabolites mediate such associations. METHODS Habitual food consumption of 4778 participants with an average age of 47.0 from the China Kadoorie Biobank was collected using a 12-item food frequency questionnaire. Plasma samples were analyzed via targeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to quantify 129 lipid-related metabolites. Anthropometric information was measured by trained staff. RESULTS Two DPs were derived by factor analysis. The newly affluent southern pattern was characterized by high intakes of rice, meat, poultry, and fish, whereas the balanced pattern was characterized by consuming meat, poultry, fish, fresh fruit, fresh vegetables, dairy, eggs, and soybean. The newly affluent southern pattern was positively associated with 45 metabolites, which were positively associated with risks of obesity at the same time. The global lipid profile potentially explained 30.9%, 34.7%, and 53.1% of the effects of this DP on general obesity, waist circumference-defined central obesity, and waist-hip ratio-defined central obesity, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The newly affluent southern pattern points to an altered lipid profile, which showed higher general and central obesity risks. These findings partly suggest the biological mechanism for the obesogenic effects of this DP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China
| | - Kexiang Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanjie Pang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Pei
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China
| | - Huaidong Du
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Iona Millwood
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ling Yang
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yiping Chen
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruqin Gao
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Daniel Avery
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Junshi Chen
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China
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9
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Katsiki N, Rizzo M, Mikhailidis DP. Epicardial, peripancreatic and other "orthotopic" excessive fat deposition in south Asians and Europeans: Are differences clinically relevant? J Diabetes Complications 2023; 37:108419. [PMID: 36871315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niki Katsiki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London, London, UK
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10
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Alouffi S. Serum bilirubin levels are negatively associated with atherogenic lipids in Saudi subjects with type 2 diabetes: A pilot study. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
<b>Background: </b>Recent research has demonstrated the possible relevance of bilirubin in metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Lipid abnormalities are a major problem that is related with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in diabetics. This study examined the relationship between serum bilirubin and direct bilirubin concentrations and atherogenic lipids in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).<br />
<b>Methods</b>: This cross-sectional included 67 patients with type 2 diabetes and 39 matched healthy control. The lipid profile, including total cholesterol, HDL-C, and TG levels, fasting blood glucose, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, ALT, AST, and ALP were measured using a dimension EXL clinical chemistry analyzer (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics). Cholesterol in VLDL, LDL, and sdLDL were calculated from standard lipid assay results by the equations of Sampson et al.<br />
<b>Results</b>: Serum bilirubin was lower in non T2DM subjects nearly significant (p=0.0.51) whereas direct bilirubin concentrations were lower in T2DM (p=0.008). ALT, AST, and ALP levels were higher in T2DM groups. The mean values of LDL-C, sdLDL-C, non HDL-C and VLDL-C were significantly increased in T2DM group and lower HDL-C. An inverse relationship could be observed with increase in serum total bilirubin and serum levels of LDL-C (r<sup>2</sup>=0.139, p<0.005), sdLDL-C (r<sup>2</sup>=0.137, p<0.005), VLDL-C (r<sup>2</sup>=0.074, p<0.044), and non HDL-C (r<sup>2</sup>=0.166, p<0.002) in T2DM group. The same inverse relationship was observed with serum direct bilirubin and serum levels of LDL-C (r<sup>2</sup>=0.133, p<0.006), sdLDL-C (r<sup>2</sup>=0.172, p<0.001), VLDL-C (r<sup>2</sup>=0.118, p<0.01), and non HDL-C (r<sup>2</sup>=0.182, p<0.001) in T2DM group.<br />
<b>Conclusions</b>: A significant negative association was found between serum bilirubin levels and direct serum bilirubin with atherogenic lipids, suggesting that serum bilirubin may protect T2DM patients from development of cardiovascular disease. These findings indicate the need for additional research in a large cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Alouffi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, SAUDI ARABIA
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11
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Analysis of the Genetic Relationship between Atherosclerosis and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through Biological Interaction Networks. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044124. [PMID: 36835545 PMCID: PMC9966194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) seems to have some molecular links with atherosclerosis (ATH); however, the molecular pathways which connect both pathologies remain unexplored to date. The identification of common factors is of great interest to explore some therapeutic strategies to improve the outcomes for those affected patients. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for NAFLD and ATH were extracted from the GSE89632 and GSE100927 datasets, and common up- and downregulated DEGs were identified. Subsequently, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network based on the common DEGs was performed. Functional modules were identified, and the hub genes were extracted. Then, a Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway analysis of common DEGs was performed. DEGs analysis in NAFLD and ATH showed 21 genes that were regulated similarly in both pathologies. The common DEGs with high centrality scores were ADAMTS1 and CEBPA which appeared to be down- and up-regulated in both disorders, respectively. For the analysis of functional modules, two modules were identified. The first one was oriented to post-translational protein modification, where ADAMTS1 and ADAMTS4 were identified, and the second one mainly related to the immune response, where CSF3 was identified. These factors could be key proteins with an important role in the NAFLD/ATH axis.
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12
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Dravid AA, Dhanabalan KM, Naskar S, Vashistha A, Agarwal S, Padhan B, Dewani M, Agarwal R. Sustained release resolvin D1 liposomes are effective in the treatment of osteoarthritis in obese mice. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:765-777. [PMID: 36773024 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder and currently affects >500 million patients worldwide, with ~60% of them also suffering from obesity. There is no drug approved for human use that changes the course of OA progression. OA is one of the most common comorbidities of obesity, and obesity-related OA (ObOA) is a serious health concern because it shows heightened severity of tissue damage and also predominantly affects the working population. Unresolved inflammation is a major driver of ObOA, thus, resolving disease-associated inflammation is a viable strategy to treat ObOA. Resolvins are highly potent molecules that play a role in the resolution of inflammation and promote tissue healing. However, small molecules (like Resolvin D1; RvD1) have to be administered frequently or prior to injury because they lose their in vivo activity rapidly either by lymphatic clearance, or oxidation-mediated deactivation. In this study, we have encapsulated RvD1 in liposomes and established its efficacy in the mouse model of ObOA at much lower dosages than freely administered RvD1. Liposomal RvD1 (lipo-RvD1) acted as a source of the RvD1 molecules for ~11 days in vitro in synovial fluid derived from patients. When administered prophylactically or therapeutically, lipo-RvD1 suppressed cartilage damage in male C57BL/6 mice compared to untreated and free RvD1 treatments. This efficacy was achieved by increasing the proportion of the proresolution M2 macrophages over proinflammatory M1 macrophages in the synovial membrane. These results show the potential of lipo-RvD1 as an anti-OA agent.
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13
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Qiao YN, Zou YL, Guo SD. Low-density lipoprotein particles in atherosclerosis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:931931. [PMID: 36111155 PMCID: PMC9468243 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.931931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the diseases causing human death, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains number one according to the World Health Organization report in 2021. It is known that atherosclerosis is the pathological basis of CVD. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD). LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) is the traditional biological marker of LDL. However, large numbers of patients who have achieved the recommended LDL-C goals still have ASCVD risk. In multiple prospective studies, LDL particle (LDL-P) is reported to be more accurate in predicting CVD risk than LDL-C. LDL-Ps differ in size, density and chemical composition. Numerous clinical studies have proved that the atherogenic mechanisms of LDL-Ps are determined not only by LDL number and size but also by LDL modifications. Of note, small dense LDL (sdLDL) particles possess stronger atherogenic ability compared with large and intermediate LDL subfractions. Besides, oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) is another risk factor in atherosclerosis. Among the traditional lipid-lowering drugs, statins induce dramatic reductions in LDL-C and LDL-P to a lesser extend. Recently, proprotein convertase subtilsin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) have been demonstrated to be effective in lowering the levels of LDL-C, LDL-P, as well as CVD events. In this article, we will make a short review of LDL metabolism, discuss the discordance between LDL-C and LDL-P, outline the atherogenic mechanisms of action of LDL by focusing on sdLDL and ox-LDL, summarize the methods used for measurement of LDL subclasses, and conclude the advances in LDL-lowering therapies using statins and PCSK9i.
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14
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Shi H, Guo J, Xu K, Zhang F, Zhou Y. Study on the value of small dense low-density lipoprotein in predicting cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in the high-risk stroke population. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24278. [PMID: 35233851 PMCID: PMC8993627 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipid management in people at high risk of stroke is an important measurement to prevent the occurrence of stroke. The study aims to investigate the association between sdLDL and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in high‐risk stroke populations. Methods This was a prospective study. Screened from 15,933 individuals aged >40 years in April 2013 and followed up at 3rd, 6th, 12th, and 24th months, 823 participants met the screening criteria and were investigated for clinical data and biochemical parameters. Results A total of 286 subjects had varying degrees of carotid stenosis, and 18 subjects experienced cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events during the two‐year follow‐up period. There was no positive correlation between sdLDL and carotid stenosis. Carotid stenosis and extent of carotid stenosis involvement did not predict cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in patients with high‐risk stroke, while sdLDL did. The sdLDL level in the events group was significantly higher than those in the no event group (p = 0.002). In the events group, the risk of events in the fourth quartile of sdLDL was 10.136 times higher than in the first quartile (HR = 10.136, 95% CI: 1.298–79.180, p = 0.027). Conclusions sdLDL was positively correlated with the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, which can predict the occurrence of an event and provide a scientific basis for early prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlu Shi
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People' s Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People' s Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fujie Zhang
- Qian Xi Nan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qian Xi Nan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, China
| | - Yonglie Zhou
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People' s Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Volanesorsen: A New Era in the Treatment of Severe Hypertriglyceridemia. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11040982. [PMID: 35207255 PMCID: PMC8880470 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11040982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) is a rare inherited disease, mainly due to lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene mutations, leading to lipid abnormalities. Volanesorsen, a second-generation 2′-O-methoxyethyl (2′-MOE) chimeric antisense therapeutic oligonucleotide, can decrease plasma apolipoprotein C3 and triglycerides (TG) levels through LPL-independent pathways. The European Medicines Agency has approved volanesorsen as an adjunct to diet in adult FCS patients with an inadequate response to TG-lowering therapy. Areas covered: Available clinical data on volanesorsen efficacy and safety are presented. Furthermore, we discuss the yearly treatment with volanesorsen of a 21-year-old female FCS patient with LPL mutation. Volanesorsen was well-tolerated and decreased patient’s TG levels (from >5000 mg/dL (56 mmol/L) to 350–500 mg/dL (4–5.6 mmol/L)) at 12 months. Lipoprotein apheresis (LA) was stopped and there were no episodes of pancreatitis or abdominal pain. Expert opinion: Severe hypertriglyceridemia can potentially be fatal. Until recently, there was no specific treatment for FCS, apart from hypotriglyceridemic diet, fibrates, omega-3 fatty acids, and LA sessions. Therefore, volanesorsen represents a promising therapeutic solution for these patients. The main side effect of volanesorsen therapy is thrombocytopenia, which should be monitored and treated accordingly. Increasing evidence will further elucidate the clinical implications of volanesorsen use in daily practice.
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16
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Schutte S, Esser D, Siebelink E, Michielsen CJR, Daanje M, Matualatupauw JC, Boshuizen HC, Mensink M, Afman LA, Esser D, Siebelink E, Fick H, Grootte Bromhaar MM, Wang Y, de Bruijn SEM, Mars M, Meijerink J, Mensink M, Afman LA, Feskens EJM, Müller M. Diverging metabolic effects of 2 energy-restricted diets differing in nutrient quality: a 12-week randomized controlled trial in subjects with abdominal obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:132-150. [PMID: 35102369 PMCID: PMC9257474 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the established relation between energy restriction (ER) and metabolic health, the most beneficial nutrient composition of a weight-loss diet is still a subject of debate. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to examine the additional effects of nutrient quality on top of ER. METHODS A parallel-designed, 12-week 25% ER dietary intervention study was conducted (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02194504). Participants aged 40-70 years with abdominal obesity were randomized over 3 groups: a 25% ER high-nutrient-quality diet (n = 40); a 25% ER low-nutrient-quality diet (n = 40); or a habitual diet (n = 30). Both ER diets were nutritionally adequate, and the high-nutrient-quality ER diet was enriched in MUFAs, n-3 PUFAs, fiber, and plant protein and reduced in fructose. Before and after the intervention, intrahepatic lipids, body fat distribution, fasting and postprandial responses to a mixed-meal shake challenge test of cardiometabolic risk factors, lipoproteins, vascular measurements, and adipose tissue transcriptome were assessed. RESULTS The high-nutrient-quality ER diet (-8.4 ± 3.2) induced 2.1 kg more weight loss (P = 0.007) than the low-nutrient-quality ER diet (-6.3 ± 3.9), reduced fasting serum total cholesterol (P = 0.014) and plasma triglycerides (P < 0.001), promoted an antiatherogenic lipoprotein profile, and induced a more pronounced decrease in adipose tissue gene expression of energy metabolism pathways than the low-quality ER diet. Explorative analyses showed that the difference in weight loss between the two ER diets was specifically present in insulin-sensitive subjects (HOMA-IR ≤ 2.5), in whom the high-nutrient-quality diet induced 3.9 kg more weight loss than the low-nutrient-quality diet. CONCLUSIONS A high-nutrient-quality 25% ER diet is more beneficial for cardiometabolic health than a low-nutrient-quality 25% ER diet. Overweight, insulin-sensitive subjects may benefit more from a high- than a low-nutrient-quality ER diet with respect to weight loss, due to potential attenuation of glucose-induced lipid synthesis in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Schutte
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik Esser
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Els Siebelink
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte J R Michielsen
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Monique Daanje
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Juri C Matualatupauw
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hendriek C Boshuizen
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Mensink
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - The Wageningen Belly Fat Study team
SchutteSophiePhDDivision of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The NetherlandsEsserDiederikPhDDivision of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The NetherlandsSiebelinkElsBScSenior Research DieticianDivision of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The NetherlandsFickHenriëtteBScCoordinator Human ResearchDivision of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The NetherlandsGrootte BromhaarMechteld MBScLaboratory Technician Human ResearchDivision of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The NetherlandsWangYaPhDDivision of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The Netherlandsde BruijnSuzanne E MPhDDivision of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The NetherlandsMarsMonicaPhDAssociate ProfessorDivision of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The NetherlandsMeijerinkJocelijnPhDAssistant ProfessorDivision of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The Netherlandshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9725-5709MensinkMarcoPhD, MDAssistant ProfessorDivision of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The Netherlandshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7939-6217AfmanLydia APhDAssociate ProfessorDivision of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The NetherlandsFeskensEdith J MPhDProfessorDivision of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The NetherlandsMüllerMichaelPhDDirector of the Food and Metabolic Health Alliance & Professor at the University of East Anglia, Former Professor at Wageningen UniversityDivision of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik Esser
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health , Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Els Siebelink
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health , Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henriëtte Fick
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health , Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mechteld M Grootte Bromhaar
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health , Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ya Wang
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health , Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne E M de Bruijn
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health , Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Monica Mars
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health , Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jocelijn Meijerink
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health , Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Mensink
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health , Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lydia A Afman
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health , Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edith J M Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health , Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Müller
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health , Wageningen, The Netherlands
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17
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Filippatos TD, Alexakis K, Mavrikaki V, Mikhailidis DP. Nonalcoholic Fatty Pancreas Disease: Role in Metabolic Syndrome, "Prediabetes," Diabetes and Atherosclerosis. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:26-41. [PMID: 33469809 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-06824-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fat accumulation in the pancreas associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been defined as "non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease" (NAFPD). The aim of this review is to describe the association of NAFPD with obesity, MetS, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and atherosclerosis and also increase awareness regarding NAFPD. Various methods are used for the detection and quantification of pancreatic fat accumulation that may play a significant role in the differences that have been observed in the prevalence of NAFPD. Endoscopic ultrasound provides detailed images of the pancreas and its use is expected to increase in the future. Obesity and MetS have been recognized as NAFPD risk factors. NAFPD is strongly associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and it seems that the presence of both may be related with aggravation of NAFLD. A role of NAFPD in the development of "prediabetes" and T2DM has also been suggested by most human studies. Accumulation of fat in pancreatic tissue possibly initiates a vicious cycle of beta-cell deterioration and further pancreatic fat accumulation. Additionally, some evidence indicates a correlation between NAFPD and atherosclerotic markers (e.g., carotid intima-media thickness). Weight loss and bariatric surgery decreases pancreatic triglyceride content but pharmacologic treatments for NAFPD have not been evaluated in specifically designed studies. Hence, NAFPD is a marker of local fat accumulation possibly associated with beta-cell function impairment, carbohydrate metabolism disorders and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Filippatos
- Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Internal Medicine Laboratory, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - K Alexakis
- Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Internal Medicine Laboratory, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - V Mavrikaki
- Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Internal Medicine Laboratory, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - D P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, NW3 2QG, UK.,Mohammed Bin Rashid University (MBRU) of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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18
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Association of Two Indices of Insulin Resistance Marker with Abnormal Liver Function Tests: A Cross-Sectional Population Study in Taiwanese Adults. Medicina (B Aires) 2021; 58:medicina58010004. [PMID: 35056312 PMCID: PMC8781419 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: Insulin resistance (IR) is frequently associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and has an important role as a mediator in the development of liver disease. Thus, this study aimed to explore the relationship between two indexes of IR and abnormal liver function parameters. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study obtained data of 41,510 men and 92,357 women aged ≥30 years from a private health screening institute in Taiwan. Two IR indexes namely triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio were used to examine their relationship to predict abnormal liver function parameters (aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)). Results: Positive trend was shown for the association of TyG index in the highest quintile (Q5) and risk of high AST (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.33–1.57), high ALT (OR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.73–1.97), high GGT (OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.93–2.15), and high ALP (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.07–1.19) compared with the median quintile (Q3) in the fully adjusted model. Similarly, participants in the Q5 of the TG/HDL-C ratio were associated with 1.38 (95% CI: 1.27–1.49), 1.71 (95% CI: 1.61–1.82), 1.75 (95% CI: 1.66–1.84), and 1.21 (1.16–1.27) odds for having high AST, ALT, GGT, and ALP respectively. The AUC (95% CI) value of the TyG index for predicting high AST, high ALT, and high GGT was 0.699 (0.692–0.705), 0.738 (0.734–0.742), and 0.752 (0.749–0.755), respectively. Meanwhile, the AUC (95% CI) of the TG/HDL-C ratio for predicting high AST, high ALT, and high GGT was 0.680 (0.673–0.686), 0.738 (0.734–0.742), 0.734 (0.731–0.738), respectively. Conclusions: Our study supported that the TyG index and TG/HDL-C ratio may be useful as non-invasive methods to predict the existence of impaired liver function in the early stage.
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Ashok T, Puttam H, Tarnate VCA, Jhaveri S, Avanthika C, Trejo Treviño AG, Sl S, Ahmed NT. Role of Vitamin B12 and Folate in Metabolic Syndrome. Cureus 2021; 13:e18521. [PMID: 34754676 PMCID: PMC8569690 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a collection of pathological metabolic conditions that includes insulin resistance, central or abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. It affects large populations worldwide, and its prevalence is rising exponentially. There is no specific mechanism that leads to the development of MS. Proposed hypotheses range from visceral adiposity being a key factor to an increase in very-low-density lipoprotein and fatty acid synthesis as the primary cause of MS. Numerous pharmaceutical therapies are widely available in the market for the treatment of the individual components of MS. The relationship between MS and vitamin B complex supplementation, specifically folic acid and vitamin B12, has been a subject of investigation worldwide, with several trials reporting a positive impact with vitamin supplementation on MS. In this study, an all-language literature search was conducted on Medline, Cochrane, Embase, and Google Scholar till September 2021. The following search strings and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms were used: “Vitamin B12,” “Folate,” “Metabolic Syndrome,” and “Insulin Resistance.” We explored the literature on MS for its epidemiology, pathophysiology, newer treatment options, with a special focus on the effectiveness of supplementation with vitamins B9 and B12. According to the literature, vitamin B12 and folate supplementation, along with a host of novel therapies, has a considerable positive impact on MS. These findings must be kept in mind while designing newer treatment protocols in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejaswini Ashok
- Internal Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara Medical College, Mysore, IND
| | - Harivarsha Puttam
- Internal Medicine, Employees' State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Hospital, Hyderabad, IND
| | | | - Sharan Jhaveri
- Internal Medicine, Smt. Nathiba Hargovandas Lakhmichand Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad, IND
| | - Chaithanya Avanthika
- Medicine and Surgery, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, IND.,Pediatrics, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, IND
| | | | - Sandeep Sl
- Internal Medicine, SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Kattankulathur, IND
| | - Nazia T Ahmed
- Medicine, Shahabuddin Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, BGD
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Selected 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors. A look into their use and potential in pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Endocr Regul 2021; 55:182-192. [PMID: 34523296 DOI: 10.2478/enr-2021-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. This review assesses the comparative safety and efficacy of selected 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid coenzyme A inhibitors (statins, cinnamic acids. 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaric acid) on the pre-onset type 2 diabetes (PT2D) and post-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D)-related cluster of seven features (central obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, pro-thrombosis, oxidation and inflammation). Methods. Google scholar and PubMed were searched for statin*, flaxseed lignan complex (FLC), cinnamic acid (CA)*, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid (HMGA) in conjunction with each of PT2D, T2D and the cluster of seven. An introduction was followed by findings or absence thereof on the impacts of each of statins, FLC, CAs and HMGA on each member of the cluster of seven. Results. Pravastatin manages three features in PT2D, while a number of the statins improve five in T2D. FLC is negative in PT2D but controls four in T2D; it is not clear if the CAs and HMGA in FLC play a role in this success. CAs have potential in six and HMGA has potential in three of the cluster of seven though yet CAs and HMGA are untested in PT2D and T2D in humans. There are safety concerns with some statins and HMGA but FLC and CAs appear safe in the doses and durations tested. Conclusions. Selected statins, FLC, CAs and HMGA can manage or have a potential to manage at least three features of the cluster of seven. Most of the literature-stated concerns are with select statins but there are concerns (one actual and two potential) with HMGA.
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21
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Fras Z, Mikhailidis DP. Have We Learnt all from IMPROVE-IT? Part I. Core Results and Subanalyses on the Effects of Ezetimibe Added to Statin Therapy Related to Age, Gender and Selected Chronic Diseases (Kidney Disease, Diabetes Mellitus and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease). Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2021; 19:451-468. [DOI: 10.2174/1570161118999200727224946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
IMPROVE-IT (IMProved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial) was
a randomized clinical trial (including 18,144 patients) that evaluated the efficacy of the combination of
ezetimibe with simvastatin vs. simvastatin monotherapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome
(ACS) and moderately increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (of up to 2.6-3.2
mmol/L; 100-120 mg/dL). After 7 years of follow-up, combination therapy resulted in an additional
LDL-C decrease [to 1.8 mmol/L, or 70 mg/dL, within the simvastatin (40 mg/day) monotherapy arm
and to 1.4 mmol/L, or 53 mg/dL for simvastatin (40 mg/day) + ezetimibe (10 mg/day)] and showed an
incremental clinical benefit [composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, unstable
angina requiring rehospitalization, coronary revascularization (≥30 days after randomization), or nonfatal
stroke; hazard ratio (HR) of 0.936, and 95% CI 0.887-0.996, p=0.016]. Therefore, for very high cardiovascular
risk patients “even lower is even better” regarding LDL-C, independently of the LDL-C
reducing strategy. These findings confirm ezetimibe as an option to treat very-high-risk patients who
cannot achieve LDL-C targets with statin monotherapy. Additional analyses of the IMPROVE-IT (both
prespecified and post-hoc) include specific very-high-risk subgroups of patients (those with previous
acute events and/or coronary revascularization, older than 75 years, as well as patients with diabetes
mellitus, chronic kidney disease or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease). The data from IMPROVE-IT also
provide reassurance regarding longer-term safety and efficacy of the intensification of lipid-lowering
therapy in very-high-risk patients resulting in very low LDL-C levels. We comment on the results of
several (sub) analyses of IMPROVE-IT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatko Fras
- Centre for Preventive Cardiology, Department of Vascular Medicine, Division of Medicine, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Močnik M, Marčun Varda N. Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children with Obesity, Preventive Diagnostics and Possible Interventions. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080551. [PMID: 34436493 PMCID: PMC8398426 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing burden of obesity plays an essential role in increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The effects of obesity on the cardiovascular system have also been demonstrated in childhood, where prevention is even more important. Obesity is associated with hormonal changes and vascular dysfunction, which eventually lead to hypertension, hyperinsulinemia, chronic kidney disease, dyslipidemia and cardiac dysfunction—all associated with increased cardiovascular risk, leading to potential cardiovascular events in early adulthood. Several preventive strategies are being implemented to reduce the cardiovascular burden in children. This paper presents a comprehensive review of obesity-associated cardiovascular morbidity with the preventive diagnostic workup at our hospital and possible interventions in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Močnik
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-40323726
| | - Nataša Marčun Varda
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
- Medical Faculty, University of Maribor, Taborska 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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23
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Pamplona-Cunha H, Rosini N, Caetano R, Machado MJ, Silva ELD. Lifestyle Intervention in Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Students with Dyslipidemia and Abdominal Obesity: A Randomized Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.36660/ijcs.20200286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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24
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Kanonidou C. Small dense low-density lipoprotein: Analytical review. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 520:172-178. [PMID: 34118239 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The causal relationship between low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been firmly substantiated. LDL consists of a heterogeneous group of particles with different physicochemical and metabolic properties. Among them, small dense LDL (sdLDL) particles are considered an emerging CVD risk factor and a promising CVD risk biomarker. This paper reviews published analytical and calculation-based methods for sdLDL determination in plasma, present their principles, strengths, and weaknesses, and examine the challenges arising from method comparison. METHODS A literature survey was conducted using the PubMed database. Subject headings and keywords facilitated the search strategy. Titles and abstracts were initially assessed, and the full-text article of the pre-selected ones was reviewed. RESULTS A range of methods is currently available for the analysis of LDL subfractions and the measurement of sdLDL particle size, number, and cholesterol concentration. Ultracentrifugation (UC), vertical auto profile, gradient gel electrophoresis (GGE), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, ion mobility analysis, and a homogeneous assay are the most prevalent. To date, there is no "gold standard". UC and GGE are the most established techniques, albeit significantly sophisticated. NMR and the homogeneous assay are options with potential clinical use as they yield results rapidly and can be high-throughput. None of the proposed equations for the calculated sdLDL determination has been sufficiently validated to serve as a clinical tool. CONCLUSIONS Many analytical procedures have been developed for the study of sdLDL particles. Their use remains largely restricted to research laboratories since their analytical and clinical performance, along with the clinical- and cost-effectiveness of sdLDL determination have not been fully established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kanonidou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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25
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Morris G, Berk M, Walder K, O'Neil A, Maes M, Puri BK. The lipid paradox in neuroprogressive disorders: Causes and consequences. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:35-57. [PMID: 34118292 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic systemic inflammation is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in an environment of low low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and low total cholesterol and with the pathophysiology of neuroprogressive disorders. The causes and consequences of this lipid paradox are explored. Circulating activated neutrophils can release inflammatory molecules such as myeloperoxidase and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Since activated neutrophils are associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease and with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, it seems reasonable to hypothesise that the inflammatory molecules released by them may act as mediators of the link between systemic inflammation and the development of atherosclerosis in neuroprogressive disorders. This hypothesis is tested by considering the association at a molecular level of systemic inflammation with increased LDL oxidation; increased small dense LDL levels; increased lipoprotein (a) concentration; secretory phospholipase A2 activation; cytosolic phospholipase A2 activation; increased platelet activation; decreased apolipoprotein A1 levels and function; decreased paroxonase-1 activity; hyperhomocysteinaemia; and metabolic endotoxaemia. These molecular mechanisms suggest potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, the Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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Drexel H, Larcher B, Mader A, Vonbank A, Heinzle CF, Moser B, Zanolin-Purin D, Saely CH. The LDL-C/ApoB ratio predicts major cardiovascular events in patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis 2021; 329:44-49. [PMID: 34183170 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The low density lipoprotein cholesterol to Apolipoprotein B (LDL-C/ApoB) ratio is a validated proxy for low density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size that can be easily calculated from a standard lipid/apolipoprotein profile. Whether it is predictive of cardiovascular events in patients with established atherosclerosis is not known and is addressed in the present investigation. METHODS We determined the LDL-C/ApoB ratio in a cohort of 1687 subjects with established atherosclerosis. Prospectively, major cardiovascular events (MACE) including cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction and non-fatal stroke were recorded over a period of 9.9 ± 4.6 years. The study covers >16,000 patient-years. RESULTS At baseline, the LDL-C/ApoB ratio was 1.36 ± 0.28 in our cohort. During follow up, a total of 558 first MACE were recorded. The LDL-C/ApoB ratio predicted MACE in univariate Cox proportional hazard analysis (HR 0.90 [0.82-0.98]; p = 0.014); this finding was confirmed after adjustment for age, gender, intensity of statin treatment, hypertension, history of smoking, type 2 diabetes, body mass index and ApoB (HR 0.87 [0.78-0.97]; p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS The LDL-C/ApoB ratio is independently predictive of MACE in subjects with established atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Drexel
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Carinagasse 47, 6800, Feldkirch, Austria; Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, Dorfstraße 24, 9495, Triesen, Liechtenstein; Department of Internal Medicine, Landeskrankenhaus Bregenz, Carl-Pedenz-Straße 2, 6900, Bregenz, Austria; Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900W Queen Lane, Philadelphia, 19129, USA.
| | - Barbara Larcher
- Department of Medicine I, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Carinagasse 47, 6800, Feldkirch, Austria; Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Carinagasse 47, 6800, Feldkirch, Austria; Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, Dorfstraße 24, 9495, Triesen, Liechtenstein
| | - Arthur Mader
- Department of Medicine I, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Carinagasse 47, 6800, Feldkirch, Austria; Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Carinagasse 47, 6800, Feldkirch, Austria; Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, Dorfstraße 24, 9495, Triesen, Liechtenstein
| | - Alexander Vonbank
- Department of Medicine I, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Carinagasse 47, 6800, Feldkirch, Austria; Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Carinagasse 47, 6800, Feldkirch, Austria; Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, Dorfstraße 24, 9495, Triesen, Liechtenstein
| | - Christine F Heinzle
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Carinagasse 47, 6800, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Berthold Moser
- Department of Anaesthesia, See-Spital Horgen, Asylstrasse 19, 8810, Horgen, Switzerland; Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Zanolin-Purin
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Carinagasse 47, 6800, Feldkirch, Austria; Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, Dorfstraße 24, 9495, Triesen, Liechtenstein
| | - Christoph H Saely
- Department of Medicine I, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Carinagasse 47, 6800, Feldkirch, Austria; Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Carinagasse 47, 6800, Feldkirch, Austria; Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, Dorfstraße 24, 9495, Triesen, Liechtenstein
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Han YY, Hsu SHJ, Su TC. Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and High Serum Levels of Small Dense LDL in Middle-Aged Adults. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050464. [PMID: 33923190 PMCID: PMC8145029 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggested a potential link between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular risk factors, including dyslipidemia. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and atherogenic lipid profiles, specifically, that of small dense low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (sdLDL-C). From 2009 to 2011, a total of 715 individuals aged 35–65 without evident cardiovascular disease (CVD) were enrolled. Their levels of serum 25(OH)D and lipid profiles were measured. Vitamin D deficiency was found to be more common in females, smokers, alcohol drinkers, individuals at a younger age, and those who do not exercise regularly. The analysis of lipid profiles revealed that high sdLDL-C levels were associated with low serum vitamin D levels and were more common among cigarette smokers; alcohol drinkers; individuals with hypertension; individuals with high BMI; and those with high levels of fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, LDL-C, and VLDL-C. The use of multivariate logistic regression verified a strong negative correlation between low vitamin D status (serum 25(OH)D < 15 ng/mL) and the three identified biomarkers of atherogenic dyslipidemia: high serum levels of sdLDL-C, triglycerides, and VLDL-C. This study provides strong evidence that vitamin D deficiency is associated with atherogenic dyslipidemia, and in particular, high sdLDL-C levels in middle-aged adults without CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Yi Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan;
- Department of Traumatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Sandy Huey-Jen Hsu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100225, Taiwan;
| | - Ta-Chen Su
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-972651062
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Sampson M, Wolska A, Warnick R, Lucero D, Remaley AT. A New Equation Based on the Standard Lipid Panel for Calculating Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol and Its Use as a Risk-Enhancer Test. Clin Chem 2021; 67:987-997. [PMID: 33876239 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased small dense low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (sdLDL-C) is a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) but typically requires advanced lipid testing. We describe two new equations, first one for calculating large buoyant LDL-C (lbLDL-C), based only upon results from the standard lipid panel, and the second one for sdLDL-C. METHODS Equations for sdLDL-C and lbLDL-C were generated with least-squares regression analysis using the direct Denka sdLDL-C assay as reference (n = 20 171). sdLDL-C was assessed as a risk-enhancer test in the National Heart and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), and for its association with ASCVD in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). RESULTS The newly derived equations depend on two terms, namely LDL-C as determined by the Sampson equation, and an interaction term between LDL-C and the natural log of triglycerides (TG). The lbLDL-C equation (lbLDLC=1.43 × LDLC-0.14 ×(ln(TG)× LDLC)- 8.99) was more accurate (R2 = 0.933, slope = 0.94) than the sdLDL-C equation (sdLDLC=LDLC- lbLDLC; R2 = 0.745, slope = 0.73). Using the 80th percentile (46 mg/dL) as a cut-point, sdLDL-C identified in NHANES additional high-risk patients not identified by other risk-enhancer tests based on TG, LDL-C, apolipoprotein B, and nonHDL-C. By univariate survival-curve analysis, estimated sdLDL-C was superior to other risk-enhancer tests in predicting ASCVD events in MESA. After multivariate adjustment for other known ASCVD risk factors, estimated sdLDL-C had the strongest association with ASCVD compared to other lipid parameters, including measured sdLDL-C. CONCLUSIONS Estimated sdLDL-C could potentially be calculated on all patients tested with a standard lipid panel to improve ASCVD risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Sampson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anna Wolska
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Diego Lucero
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass Liner (DJBL) Improves Cardiovascular Risk Biomarkers and Predicted 4-Year Risk of Major CV Events in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome. Obes Surg 2021; 30:1200-1210. [PMID: 31898040 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-019-04324-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The duodenal-jejunal bypass liner (DJBL) represents a novel endoscopic minimally invasive treatment option for obesity-associated type 2 diabetes (T2D), affecting body weight and metabolic control. Until now, the effects of DJBL on cardiovascular risk have never been investigated. METHODS Between 2012 and 2017, 71 patients with T2D and metabolic syndrome (MS) were recruited for implantation of DJBL for 9-12 months. Within DJBL treatment and a follow-up period of 6 months, patients were analysed for dynamics of cardiovascular biomarkers. Overall cardiovascular risk was estimated by the ADVANCE Risk Engine at time of implantation, explantation and 6 months after explantation of DJBL. RESULTS DJBL-induced weight loss and improvements in blood sugar control were accompanied by significant decreases of the cardiovascular biomarkers high-sensitive CRP, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and small dense lipoprotein fraction LDL-4 (p = 0.001, p < 0.001 and p = 0.04, respectively). Estimated overall cardiovascular risk decreased significantly after DJBL implantation and remained stable within 6 months after explantation. CONCLUSIONS In addition to beneficial effects of DJBL on weight loss, glycaemic control and lipid parameters in patients with MS, this is the first study that could further reveal significant impact on serological cardiovascular biomarkers and estimated CV risk, suggesting putative protective effects of DJBL on CV outcome.
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30
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The Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Lipid Metabolism. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11020087. [PMID: 33535652 PMCID: PMC7912792 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are effective antihyperglycemic agents by inhibiting glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule of the kidney. Besides improving glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes, they also have additional favorable effects, such as lowering body weight and body fat. Several clinical studies have demonstrated their positive effect in reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, the use of SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with fewer adverse renal outcomes comparing to other diabetic agents, substantiating their renoprotective effect in diabetic patients. SGLT2 inhibitors have also remarkable effect on lipid metabolism acting at different cellular levels. By decreasing the lipid accumulation, visceral and subcutaneous fat, they do not only decrease the body weight but also change body composition. They also regulate key molecules in lipid synthesis and transportation, and they affect the oxidation of fatty acids. Notably, they shift substrate utilization from carbohydrates to lipids and ketone bodies. In this review we intended to summarize the role of SGLT2 inhibitors in lipid metabolism especially on lipoprotein levels, lipid regulation, fat storage and substrate utilization.
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31
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Wang X, Wang L, Cao R, Yang X, Xiao W, Zhang Y, Ye P. Correlation between small and dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular events in Beijing community population. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2021; 23:345-351. [PMID: 33481346 PMCID: PMC8029841 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between small dense low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL‐C) and different cardiovascular events has been observed in several large community studies, and the results have been controversial. However, there is currently no cross‐sectional or longitudinal follow‐up study on sdLDL‐C in the Chinese hypertension population. We analyzed the association of plasma sdLDL‐C levels with major adverse cardiovascular events in 1325 subjects from a longitudinal follow‐up community‐based population in Beijing, China. During the follow‐up period, a total of 191 subjects had MACEs. Cox regression analysis showed that sdLDL‐C is a major risk factor for MACEs independent of sex, age, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, SBP, DBP, FBG, eGFR in the general community population (1.013 (1.001 −1.025, P < .05)), but the correlation disappeared after adjusting for TC and HDL‐C in Model 3. Cox analysis showed that hypertension combined with high level of sdLDL‐C was still the risk factor for MACEs ((2.079 (1.039‐4.148)). Our findings in the Chinese cohort support that sdLDL‐C is a risk factor for major adverse cardiovascular events in hypertension subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Wang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruihua Cao
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenkai Xiao
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Ye
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Sachinidis AG, Nikolic D, Stoian AP, Toth PP, Rizzo M. Nutraceuticals and Lipid Management. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-56514-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Targher G, Corey KE, Byrne CD. NAFLD, and cardiovascular and cardiac diseases: Factors influencing risk, prediction and treatment. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2020; 47:101215. [PMID: 33296704 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2020.101215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), affecting up to around 30% of the world's adult population, causes considerable liver-related and extrahepatic morbidity and mortality. Strong evidence indicates that NAFLD (especially its more severe forms) is associated with a greater risk of all-cause mortality, and the predominant cause of mortality in this patient population is cardiovascular disease (CVD). This narrative review aims to discuss the strong association between NAFLD and increased risk of cardiovascular, cardiac and arrhythmic complications. Also discussed are the putative mechanisms linking NAFLD to CVD and other cardiac/arrhythmic complications, with a brief summary of CVD risk prediction/stratification and management of the increased CVD risk observed in patients with NAFLD. RESULTS NAFLD is associated with an increased risk of CVD events and other cardiac complications (left ventricular hypertrophy, valvular calcification, certain arrhythmias) independently of traditional CVD risk factors. The magnitude of risk of CVD and other cardiac/arrhythmic complications parallels the severity of NAFLD (especially liver fibrosis severity). There are most likely multiple underlying mechanisms through which NAFLD may increase risk of CVD and cardiac/arrhythmic complications. Indeed, NAFLD exacerbates hepatic and systemic insulin resistance, promotes atherogenic dyslipidaemia, induces hypertension, and triggers synthesis of proatherogenic, procoagulant and proinflammatory mediators that may contribute to the development of CVD and other cardiac/arrhythmic complications. CONCLUSION Careful assessment of CVD risk is mandatory in patients with NAFLD for primary prevention of CVD, together with pharmacological treatment for coexisting CVD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Targher
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Kathleen E Corey
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK
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Giglio RV, Carruba G, Cicero AF, Banach M, Patti AM, Nikolic D, Cocciadiferro L, Zarcone M, Montalto G, Stoian AP, Banerjee Y, Rizvi AA, Toth PP, Rizzo M. Pasta Supplemented with Opuntia ficus-indica Extract Improves Metabolic Parameters and Reduces Atherogenic Small Dense Low-Density Lipoproteins in Patients with Risk Factors for the Metabolic Syndrome: A Four-Week Intervention Study. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10110428. [PMID: 33114614 PMCID: PMC7694062 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10110428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Food supplementation with Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) has been associated with a significant reduction in total cholesterol, body fat, hyperglycemia and blood pressure. Since OFI may also have antioxidant and anti-atherogenic properties, we hypothesized that its supplementation might reduce atherogenic lipoproteins, including small, dense low-density lipoproteins (sdLDL). Forty-nine patients (13 men and 36 women, mean age: 56 ± 5 years) with one or two criteria for the metabolic syndrome weekly consumed 500 g of pasta supplemented with 3% OFI extract (30% of insoluble polysaccharides with high antioxidant power) for 1 month. The full LDL subclass profile was assessed by gel electrophoresis (Lipoprint, Quantimetrix, Redondo Beach, CA, USA). After 1 month of pasta supplementation, waist circumference (p = 0.0297), plasma glucose (p < 0.0001), triglycerides (p = 0.0137), plasma creatinine (p = 0.0244), urea and aspartate transaminase (p < 0.0001 for each) significantly decreased. A percentage increase in larger, less atherogenic LDL-1 (p = 0.0002), with a concomitant reduction in smaller, denser LDL-2 (p < 0.0001) and LDL-3 (p = 0.0004), were found. LDL-4 and-5 decreased, although not significantly. This is the first intervention study suggesting that pasta enriched with an OFI extract may have beneficial effects on some metabolic parameters and the LDL particle sizes, reducing atherogenic sdLDL. Future studies will help to establish if these findings impact cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Vincenza Giglio
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.V.G.); (A.M.P.); (G.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Carruba
- Division of Research and Internationalization, ARNAS-Civico Di Cristina e Benfratelli, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.C.); (L.C.); (M.Z.)
| | - Arrigo F.G. Cicero
- Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland;
- Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI) in Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Angelo Maria Patti
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.V.G.); (A.M.P.); (G.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Dragana Nikolic
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.V.G.); (A.M.P.); (G.M.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-091-655-4703
| | - Letizia Cocciadiferro
- Division of Research and Internationalization, ARNAS-Civico Di Cristina e Benfratelli, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.C.); (L.C.); (M.Z.)
| | - Maurizio Zarcone
- Division of Research and Internationalization, ARNAS-Civico Di Cristina e Benfratelli, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.C.); (L.C.); (M.Z.)
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.V.G.); (A.M.P.); (G.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Anca Pantea Stoian
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Yajnavalka Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 505055 Dubai, UAE;
| | - Ali A. Rizvi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29203, USA;
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Peter P. Toth
- CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL 61081, USA;
- School of Medicine, University of Illinois, Peoria, IL 60612, USA
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.V.G.); (A.M.P.); (G.M.); (M.R.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29203, USA;
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Makkar R, Behl T, Kumar A, Uddin MS, Bungau S. Untying the correlation between apolipoproteins and rheumatoid arthritis. Inflamm Res 2020; 70:19-28. [PMID: 33057973 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE The concentration of lipoproteins and apolipoprotein are extremely low in the synovial fluid of any healthy person as compared to the concentrations in plasma. However, in the synovial fluid of any diseased patient the amount of cholesterol and lipids is sharply increased. The current review defines the role of various apolipoproteins and lipoproteins and their constituent subfractions in the synovial fluid embarking its principal role in rheumatoid arthritis. It also explains the need to define synovial fluid lipids, lipoprotein particle subfractions and their constituent apolipoproteins in synovial fluid. MATERIALS AND METHODS Various research and review articles highlighting the role of apolipoproteins and lipoproteins were procured from medical websites mainly Pubmed, Medline, Science Direct, etc., and studied for the writing of the review paper. CONCLUSION Mainly apolipoproteins A-1, B and E are prominently increased in chronic inflammatory joint disorders. Several theories have been proposed to understand the source of increase of lipids and apolipoproteins in synovial fluid of the diseased patients compared to healthy individuals, yet the precise mechanism is still not lucid. Lipoproteins are believed to play both functional role and pathological role in the synovial fluid. The activated T-lymphocytes in patients of RA lead to activation of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor and interleukins which embark to be the principal mechanism for induction of the disease. It can be thus concluded that the apolipoproteins prevent the activation of monocytes by blocking their contact of activation and thus play critical role in management of RA by inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashita Makkar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Arun Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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Severo JS, Morais JB, Beserra JB, Clímaco Cruz KJ, de Oliveira AR, dos Santos LR, de Matos Neto EM, de Macedo GF, de Jesus e Silva de Almendra Freitas B, Henriques GS, do Nascimento Marreiro D. Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Risk in Obese Women and their Relationship with Zinc Status. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401315666191125113128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Excessive adipose tissue, in the case of common obesity, has been associated
with an endocrine-metabolic alteration that contributes to a manifestation of dyslipidemia. To
identify mechanisms which are involved in disorders of lipid metabolism, several nutrients have been
studied, especially zinc, which act by regulating transcription factors that are important for synthesis
and oxidation of lipids and act as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant nutrient. Thus, the study
makes an assessment of the zinc status and biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in obese women.
Methods:
A case-control study enrolling obese (body mass index (BMI) ≥35 kg/m²) and eutrophic
(BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m²) Brazilian women was conducted. Dietary zinc intake was assessed by the
three-day food registry. Plasma, erythrocyte and urinary zinc concentrations were determined by inductively
coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Cardiovascular risk was assessed by plasma
concentrations of lipid fractions, and by anthropometric measures.
Results:
Both groups showed a dietary zinc intake above the recommendations, with no statistical
difference between them (p >0.05). Mean plasma and erythrocyte zinc concentrations were significantly
reduced in obese women, compared to the control group (p <0.05). Urinary zinc excretion was
significantly higher in obese women (p <0.05), who also had a significantly higher cardiovascular
risk when compared to the control group (p <0.05). An inverse correlation between dietary zinc intake
and waist-hip ratio was found in obese women.
Conclusion:
Obese women presented zinc redistribution characterized by reduced concentrations in
plasma and erythrocytes, dietary zinc intake above the recommended, and increased zinc excretion in
the urine. This study shows dyshomeostasis of zinc in obesity, a possible role in adiposity control
and, consequently, its protective role against cardiovascular risk, due to its influence on risk biomarkers,
such as waist-hip ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana S. Severo
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
| | - Jennifer B.S. Morais
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
| | - Jessica B. Beserra
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
| | - Kyria J. Clímaco Cruz
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
| | - Ana R.S. de Oliveira
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
| | - Loanne R. dos Santos
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
| | - Emídio M. de Matos Neto
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Minister Petronio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gilberto S. Henriques
- School of Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 6627 Pres, Antonio Carlos Ave. Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Dilina do Nascimento Marreiro
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
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Gomez-Delgado F, Katsiki N, Lopez-Miranda J, Perez-Martinez P. Dietary habits, lipoprotein metabolism and cardiovascular disease: From individual foods to dietary patterns. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1651-1669. [PMID: 32515660 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1764487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the first cause of mortality in Western countries. Among cardiometabolic risk factors, dyslipidemia, and especially high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations, have been extensively linked to the development and progression of atherosclerosis and to CVD events. Recent evidence has shown that the prevention of unhealthy dietary habits and sedentarism is crucial in the management of dyslipidemia. In this sense, a number of scientific societies recommend the adherence to certain healthy dietary patterns (DPs), such as the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), the Portfolio diet, the Vegetarian diet, the Nordic diet and low-carbohydrate diets, as well as increased physical activity between others. This nutritional and lifestyle advice could be adopted by government bodies and implemented in different health programs as a reliable way of providing health-care professionals with efficient tools to manage cardiometabolic risk factors and thus, prevent CVD. In this narrative review, we will discuss recent data about the effects of nutrition on dyslipidemia, mainly focusing on high LDL-C concentrations and other lipid particles related to atherogenic dyslipidemia such as triglycerides (TG) and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), that are related to CVD. On the other hand, we also comment on other cardiometabolic risk factors such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), high blood pressure (HBP), inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. This review includes food groups as well as different healthy DPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Gomez-Delgado
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Niki Katsiki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jose Lopez-Miranda
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Perez-Martinez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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38
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Mumusoglu S, Yildiz BO. Metabolic Syndrome During Menopause. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2020; 17:595-603. [PMID: 30179134 DOI: 10.2174/1570161116666180904094149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises individual components including central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and hypertension and it is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The menopause per se increases the incidence of MetS in aging women. The effect(s) of menopause on individual components of MetS include: i) increasing central obesity with changes in the fat tissue distribution, ii) potential increase in insulin resistance, iii) changes in serum lipid concentrations, which seem to be associated with increasing weight rather than menopause itself, and, iv) an association between menopause and hypertension, although available data are inconclusive. With regard to the consequences of MetS during menopause, there is no consistent data supporting a causal relationship between menopause and CVD. However, concomitant MetS during menopause appears to increase the risk of CVD. Furthermore, despite the data supporting the association between early menopause and increased risk of T2DM, the association between natural menopause itself and risk of T2DM is not evident. However, the presence and the severity of MetS appears to be associated with an increased risk of T2DM. Although the mechanism is not clear, surgical menopause is strongly linked with a higher incidence of MetS. Interestingly, women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an increased risk of MetS during their reproductive years; however, with menopausal transition, the risk of MetS becomes similar to that of non-PCOS women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezcan Mumusoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bulent Okan Yildiz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
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39
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Carresi C, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Scicchitano M, Scarano F, Bosco F, Nucera S, Maiuolo J, Macrì R, Ruga S, Oppedisano F, Zito MC, Guarnieri L, Mollace R, Tavernese A, Palma E, Bombardelli E, Fini M, Mollace V. The Effect of Natural Antioxidants in the Development of Metabolic Syndrome: Focus on Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1504. [PMID: 32455840 PMCID: PMC7284500 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a set of clinical findings that include visceral adiposity, insulin-resistance, high triglycerides (TG), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and hypertension, which is linked to an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The pathogenesis of MetS involves both genetic and acquired factors triggering oxidative stress, cellular dysfunction and systemic inflammation process mainly responsible for the pathophysiological mechanism. In recent years, MetS has gained importance due to the exponential increase in obesity worldwide. However, at present, it remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. The present review will summarize the pathogenesis of MetS and the existing pharmacological therapies currently used and focus attention on the beneficial effects of natural compounds to reduce the risk and progression of MetS. In this regard, emerging evidence suggests a potential protective role of bergamot extracts, in particular bergamot flavonoids, in the management of different features of MetS, due to their pleiotropic anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
- Department of Medicine, Chair of Cardiology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Annamaria Tavernese
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
- Department of Medicine, Chair of Cardiology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Ezio Bombardelli
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Massimo Fini
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy;
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Roma, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy;
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Lechner K, McKenzie AL, Kränkel N, Von Schacky C, Worm N, Nixdorff U, Lechner B, Scherr J, Weingärtner O, Krauss RM. High-Risk Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Phenotype: The Roles of Ectopic Adiposity, Atherogenic Dyslipidemia, and Inflammation. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2020; 18:176-185. [PMID: 32119801 PMCID: PMC7196362 DOI: 10.1089/met.2019.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current algorithms for assessing risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and, in particular, the reliance on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in conditions where this measurement is discordant with apoB and LDL-particle concentrations fail to identify a sizeable part of the population at high risk for adverse cardiovascular events. This results in missed opportunities for ASCVD prevention, most notably in those with metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, and diabetes. There is substantial evidence that accumulation of ectopic fat and associated metabolic traits are markers for and pathogenic components of high-risk atherosclerosis. Conceptually, the subset of advanced lesions in high-risk atherosclerosis that triggers vascular complications is closely related to a set of coordinated high-risk traits clustering around a distinct metabolic phenotype. A key feature of this phenotype is accumulation of ectopic fat, which, coupled with age-related muscle loss, creates a milieu conducive for the development of ASCVD: atherogenic dyslipidemia, nonresolving inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, hyperinsulinemia, and impaired fibrinolysis. Sustained vascular inflammation, a hallmark of high-risk atherosclerosis, impairs plaque stabilization in this phenotype. This review describes how metabolic and inflammatory processes that are promoted in large measure by ectopic adiposity, as opposed to subcutaneous adipose tissue, relate to the pathogenesis of high-risk atherosclerosis. Clinical biomarkers indicative of these processes provide incremental information to standard risk factor algorithms and advanced lipid testing identifies atherogenic lipoprotein patterns that are below the discrimination level of standard lipid testing. This has the potential to enable improved identification of high-risk patients who are candidates for therapeutic interventions aimed at prevention of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Lechner
- Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Nicolle Kränkel
- Klinik Für Kardiologie, Campus Benjamin Steglitz, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clemens Von Schacky
- Preventive Cardiology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
- Omegametrix, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Nicolai Worm
- German University for Prevention and Health Care Management, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Benjamin Lechner
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Scherr
- Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- University Center for Prevention and Sports Medicine, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ronald M. Krauss
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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41
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Sinn DH, Kang D, Chang Y, Ryu S, Cho SJ, Paik SW, Song YB, Pastor-Barriuso R, Guallar E, Cho J, Gwak GY. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the incidence of myocardial infarction: A cohort study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 35:833-839. [PMID: 31512278 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multisystem disease associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. Indeed, CVD is the most common cause of death in NAFLD patients. This study aimed to evaluate the association between NAFLD and the risk of incident myocardial infarction. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study involving 111 492 adults over 40 years old without history of CVD, liver disease, or cancer at baseline who participated in a regular health screening exam between 2003 and 2013. Fatty liver was diagnosed by ultrasonography. RESULTS During 725 706.9 person-years of follow-up, 183 participants developed myocardial infarction (incidence rate 0.3 cases per 1000 person-years). The age, sex, and year of visit-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for incident myocardial infarction comparing participants with NAFLD with those without it was 2.14 (95% confidence interval 1.59, 2.89). This association remained significant in fully adjusted models (HR 1.54; 95% confidence interval 1.11, 2.14). Compared with participants without NAFLD, in participants with low NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) (< -1.455) and with intermediate-to-high NFS (≥ -1.455), the fully adjusted HRs for incident myocardial infarction were 1.70 (1.22, 2.36) and 1.88 (1.24, 2.87), respectively. CONCLUSION In this large cohort study, NAFLD was associated with an increased incidence of myocardial infarction independently of established risk factors. In addition, this association was similar in participants with and without evidence of more advanced NAFLD as indicated by the NFS. NAFLD patients may need to be carefully monitored and managed early to prevent myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Sinn
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Danbee Kang
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoosoo Chang
- Center for Total Health Studies, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Total Health Studies, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Jin Cho
- Center for Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Woon Paik
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Bin Song
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Roberto Pastor-Barriuso
- National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eliseo Guallar
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Juhee Cho
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Geum-Youn Gwak
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Zaric B, Obradovic M, Trpkovic A, Banach M, Mikhailidis DP, Isenovic ER. Endothelial Dysfunction in Dyslipidaemia: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1021-1040. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190903112146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The endothelium consists of a monolayer of Endothelial Cells (ECs) which form
the inner cellular lining of veins, arteries, capillaries and lymphatic vessels. ECs interact with
the blood and lymph. The endothelium fulfils functions such as vasodilatation, regulation of
adhesion, infiltration of leukocytes, inhibition of platelet adhesion, vessel remodeling and
lipoprotein metabolism. ECs synthesize and release compounds such as Nitric Oxide (NO),
metabolites of arachidonic acid, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and enzymes that degrade
the extracellular matrix. Endothelial dysfunction represents a phenotype prone to atherogenesis
and may be used as a marker of atherosclerotic risk. Such dysfunction includes impaired
synthesis and availability of NO and an imbalance in the relative contribution of endothelialderived
relaxing factors and contracting factors such as endothelin-1 and angiotensin. This
dysfunction appears before the earliest anatomic evidence of atherosclerosis and could be an
important initial step in further development of atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction was
historically treated with vitamin C supplementation and L-arginine supplementation. Short
term improvement of the expression of adhesion molecule and endothelial function during
antioxidant therapy has been observed. Statins are used in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia, a
risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Future studies should focus on identifying the mechanisms
involved in the beneficial effects of statins on the endothelium. This may help develop
drugs specifically aimed at endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozidarka Zaric
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Obradovic
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andreja Trpkovic
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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A randomised controlled study shows supplementation of overweight and obese adults with lactobacilli and bifidobacteria reduces bodyweight and improves well-being. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4183. [PMID: 32144319 PMCID: PMC7060206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60991-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In an exploratory, block-randomised, parallel, double-blind, single-centre, placebo-controlled superiority study (ISRCTN12562026, funded by Cultech Ltd), 220 Bulgarian participants (30 to 65 years old) with BMI 25-34.9 kg/m2 received Lab4P probiotic (50 billion/day) or a matched placebo for 6 months. Participants maintained their normal diet and lifestyle. Primary outcomes were changes in body weight, BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), blood pressure and plasma lipids. Secondary outcomes were changes in plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), the diversity of the faecal microbiota, quality of life (QoL) assessments and the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). Significant between group decreases in body weight (1.3 kg, p < 0.0001), BMI (0.045 kg/m2, p < 0.0001), WC (0.94 cm, p < 0.0001) and WtHR (0.006, p < 0.0001) were in favour of the probiotic. Stratification identified greater body weight reductions in overweight subjects (1.88%, p < 0.0001) and in females (1.62%, p = 0.0005). Greatest weight losses were among probiotic hypercholesterolaemic participants (-2.5%, p < 0.0001) alongside a significant between group reduction in small dense LDL-cholesterol (0.2 mmol/L, p = 0.0241). Improvements in QoL and the incidence rate ratio of URTI (0.60, p < 0.0001) were recorded for the probiotic group. No adverse events were recorded. Six months supplementation with Lab4P probiotic resulted in significant weight reduction and improved small dense low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (sdLDL-C) profiles, QoL and URTI incidence outcomes in overweight/obese individuals.
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Cӑtoi AF, Vodnar DC, Corina A, Nikolic D, Citarrella R, Pérez-Martínez P, Rizzo M. Gut Microbiota, Obesity and Bariatric Surgery: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2038-2050. [PMID: 31298152 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190708190437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an urgent need for a better understanding and management of obesity and obesity- associated diseases. It is known that obesity is associated with structural and functional changes in the microbiome. METHODS The purpose of this review is to present current evidence from animal and human studies, demonstrating the effects and the potential efficacy of microbiota modulation in improving obesity and associated metabolic dysfunctions. RESULTS This review discusses possible mechanisms linking gut microbiota dysbiosis and obesity, since there is a dual interaction between the two of them. Furthermore, comments on bariatric surgery, as a favourable model to understand the underlying metabolic and inflammatory effects, as well as its association with changes in the composition of the gut microbiota, are included. Also, a possible impact of anti-obesity drugs and the novel antidiabetic drugs on the gut microbiota has been briefly discussed. CONCLUSION More research is needed to better understand here discussed the association between microbiota modulation and obesity. It is expected that research in this field, in the following years, will lead to a personalized therapeutic approach considering the patient's microbiome, and also give rise to the discovery of new drugs and/or the combination therapies for the management of obesity and obesity-related co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Florinela Cӑtoi
- Pathophysiology Department, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Corina
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Dragana Nikolic
- PROMISE Department, University of Palermo, Italy.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Pablo Pérez-Martínez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
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Severo JS, Morais JB, Beserra JB, de Farias LM, dos Santos LR, de Sousa Melo SR, do Nascimento Nogueira N, do Nascimento Marreiro D. Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Lipid Profile in Obese People: A Systematic Review. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401314666180420094522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Many studies have investigated the influence of minerals on the control of
changes in lipid metabolism in obese individuals. The objective of this study was to describe, in a systematic
review, the clinical trial outcomes of zinc supplementation and lipid profiles of obese participants.
Methods:
This review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic
Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. A survey was conducted for selecting clinical
trials related to the effects of zinc supplementation on lipid profiles in obese people, using the following
databases: PubMed, SciVerse ScienceDirect and Cochrane.
Results:
After the selection process, five articles were identified as eligible for this review and it was
observed that the clinical trials included adults and children of both sexes, in three different countries,
and with zinc supplementation doses ranging from 20 to 100 mg/day. None of the studies observed
changes in High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL-c) with zinc supplementation. On the other hand, three
studies observed a positive effect of zinc supplementation on triglycerides, and two found an effect on
Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL-c) and total cholesterol.
Conclusion:
The results of this systematic review provide evidence on the benefits of zinc supplementation
on lipid profiles in obese individuals. However, new intervention studies are needed to elucidate
the function of the nutrient in protection against disorders related to lipid metabolism, as well as the
standardization of the type, dose, and time of zinc supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana S. Severo
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
| | - Jennifer B.S. Morais
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
| | - Jessica B. Beserra
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
| | - Luciana M. de Farias
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
| | - Loanne R. dos Santos
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
| | - Stéfany R. de Sousa Melo
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
| | - Nadir do Nascimento Nogueira
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
| | - Dilina do Nascimento Marreiro
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
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Parvaresh Rizi E, Baig S, Loh TP, Toh SA, Khoo CM, Tai ES. Two-Hour Postprandial Lipoprotein Particle Concentration Differs Between Lean and Obese Individuals. Front Physiol 2019; 10:856. [PMID: 31379592 PMCID: PMC6649689 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The concentrations of lipoprotein particles [high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs), and chylomicrons] are associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Most studies have examined these associations in the fasting state. Previous studies have shown lipoprotein particle concentration change following meal, and these changes are different in individuals with obesity. In this study, we aimed to assess whether various meal compositions lead to adverse short-term (2-h) postprandial lipoproteinemia in obese insulin resistant (obese-IR) subjects as compared to lean insulin sensitive (lean-IS) subjects. In a randomized crossover trial, nine lean-IS and nine obese-IR Chinese men aged 22–35 years were challenged with isoenergetic and isovolumic meals rich in protein (HP), fat (HF), or carbohydrate (HC). Plasma samples were collected after a 10-h fast, as well as 1-h and 2-h post-meal and analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance. Plasma concentration of large VLDLs and chylomicron particles was higher and increased more after all meals in obese-IR compared to lean-IS subjects. The HP meal decreased small LDL particle concentration in obese-IR subjects, and increased small HDL particle concentration in all subjects. The HF meal led to a decrease in small HDL concentration in all subjects. In conclusion, obese-IR subjects revealed a detrimental response to meal challenges even as early as 2-h after meal intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Parvaresh Rizi
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sonia Baig
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tze Ping Loh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sue-Anne Toh
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Chin Meng Khoo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Zhao X, Zhang HW, Sun D, Xu RX, Guo YL, Sun J, Zhu CG, Wu NQ, Zhang Y, Li S, Li JJ. Relation of oxidized-low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein subfractions in non-treated patients with coronary artery disease. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 144:106345. [PMID: 31278984 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidized-low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), as well as high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and its subfractions play important role in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS A total of 1417 individuals who received selective coronary angiography (CAG) without lipids-lowering treatments were consecutively enrolled. Patients were divided into CAD (n = 942) and non-CAD group (n = 475). The severity of CAD was assessed by Gensini Scores (GS) system. The correlations of ox-LDL with HDL subfractions were analyzed. RESULTS Compared with non-CAD subjects, CAD patients had higher ox-LDL but lower concentrations of HDL cholesterol (p = 0.002) and large HDL subfractions (p = 0.004). And ox-LDL was negatively correlated with large HDL subfractions in patients with severe CAD (p < 0.05). Moreover, ox-LDL was elevated and large HDL subfractions decreased with the increase of the number of stenotic coronary arteries and GS (p < 0.05, respectivelly). CONCLUSIONS The correlations between ox-LDL and cholesterol level of large HDL particles varied among CAD and non-CAD, and CAD with different severities of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhao
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Hui-Wen Zhang
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Di Sun
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Rui-Xia Xu
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yuan-Lin Guo
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Cheng-Gang Zhu
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Na-Qiong Wu
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Sha Li
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China.
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Wang R, Liu R, Li L, Liu B, Bai L, Wang W, Zhao S, Liu E. Fasting is not required for measuring plasma lipid levels in rabbits. Lab Anim 2019; 54:272-280. [PMID: 31216952 DOI: 10.1177/0023677219855102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Plasma lipid and glucose levels are important parameters for evaluating the onset and development of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. In clinical and experimental studies of humans or mice, fasting is often required before testing plasma lipid and glucose levels. The rabbit is a valuable animal model for cardiovascular disease research. However, whether fasting is necessary for measuring plasma lipid and glucose levels in rabbits remains unclear. In the current study, 12 healthy Japanese white rabbits (males weighing 2.5-3.0 kg) were randomly divided into a chow diet group (n = 6) and a high cholesterol diet group (n = 6). They were fed either a standard chow diet or a chow diet supplemented with 0.5% cholesterol and 3% corn oil for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, the plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glucose were measured before and after various fasting durations (8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 h). The results showed that there were no significant differences in lipid levels between the fasting and non-fasting samples, whereas glucose levels were lower after 8 h of fasting than in the absence of fasting. Moreover, the glucose levels were restored to normal after 8 h of refeeding. These results indicate that fasting does not affect plasma lipid values in rabbits but that fasting is important for determining the glucose level in rabbits. These findings may be helpful for future rabbit experiments and beneficial for animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruihan Liu
- Zhengzhou Central Hospital affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lu Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baoning Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liang Bai
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weirong Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sihai Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Enqi Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Filippatos TD, Liontos A, Christopoulou EC, Elisaf MS. Novel Hypolipidaemic Drugs: Mechanisms of Action and Main Metabolic Effects. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2019; 17:332-340. [DOI: 10.2174/1570161116666180209112351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 3 decades, hypolipidaemic treatment has significantly reduced both Cardiovascular
(CV) risk and events, with statins being the cornerstone of this achievement. Nevertheless, residual
CV risk and unmet goals in hypolipidaemic treatment make novel options necessary. Recently marketed
monoclonal antibodies against proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) have shown
the way towards innovation, while other ways of PCSK9 inhibition like small interfering RNA (Inclisiran)
are already being tested. Other effective and well tolerated drugs affect known paths of lipid
synthesis and metabolism, such as bempedoic acid blocking acetyl-coenzyme A synthesis at a different
level than statins, pemafibrate selectively acting on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-
alpha receptors and oligonucleotides against apolipoprotein (a). Additionally, other novel hypolipidaemic
drugs are in early phase clinical trials, such as the inhibitors of apolipoprotein C-III, which is located
on triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins, or the inhibitors of angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3), which
plays a key role in lipid metabolism, aiming to beneficial effects on TG levels and glucose metabolism.
Among others, gene therapy substituting the loss of essential enzymes is already used for Lipoprotein
Lipase (LPL) deficiency in autosomal chylomicronaemia and is expected to eliminate the lack of Low-
Density Lipoprotein (LDL) receptors in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. Experimental
data of High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) mimetics infusion therapy have shown a beneficial
effect on atherosclerotic plaques. Thus, many novel hypolipidaemic drugs targeting different aspects of
lipid metabolism are being investigated, although they need to be assessed in large trials to prove their
CV benefit and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelos Liontos
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eliza C. Christopoulou
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Moses S. Elisaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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50
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Xepapadaki E, Zvintzou E, Kalogeropoulou C, Filou S, Kypreos KE. Τhe Antioxidant Function of HDL in Atherosclerosis. Angiology 2019; 71:112-121. [PMID: 31185723 DOI: 10.1177/0003319719854609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multistep process that progresses over a long period of time and displays a broad range of severity. In its final form, it manifests as a lesion of the intimal layer of the arterial wall. There is strong evidence supporting that oxidative stress contributes to coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality and antioxidant high-density lipoprotein (HDL) could have a beneficial role in the prevention and prognosis of the disease. Indeed, certain subspecies of HDL may act as natural antioxidants preventing oxidation of lipids on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and biological membranes. The antioxidant function may be attributed to inhibition of synthesis or neutralization of free radicals and reactive oxygen species by HDL lipids and associated enzymes or transfer of oxidation prone lipids from LDL and biological membranes to HDL for catabolism. A limited number of clinical trials suggest that the increased antioxidant potential of HDL correlates with decreased risk for atherosclerosis. Some nutritional interventions to increase HDL antioxidant activity have been proposed with limited success so far. The limitations in measuring and understanding HDL antioxidant function in vivo are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Xepapadaki
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio Achaias, TK, Greece
| | - Evangelia Zvintzou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio Achaias, TK, Greece
| | | | - Serafoula Filou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio Achaias, TK, Greece
| | - Kyriakos E Kypreos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio Achaias, TK, Greece
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