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Mwachaka PM, Gichangi P, Abdelmalek A, Odula P, Ogeng'o J. Impact of varying maternal dietary folate intake on cerebellar cortex histomorphology and cell density in offspring rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2024; 84:406-422. [PMID: 38773676 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum has a long, protracted developmental period that spans from the embryonic to postnatal periods; as a result, it is more sensitive to intrauterine and postnatal insults like nutritional deficiencies. Folate is crucial for foetal and early postnatal brain development; however, its effects on cerebellar growth and development are unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of maternal folate intake on the histomorphology and cell density of the developing cerebellum. Twelve adult female rats (rattus norvegicus) were randomly assigned to one of four premixed diet groups: standard (2 mg/kg), folate-deficient (0 mg/kg), folate-supplemented (8 mg/kg) or folate supra-supplemented (40 mg/kg). The rats started their diets 14 days before mating and consumed them throughout pregnancy and lactation. On postnatal days 1, 7, 21 and 35, five pups from each group were sacrificed, and their brains were processed for light microscopic analysis. Histomorphology and cell density of the external granule, molecular, Purkinje and internal granule layers were obtained. The folate-deficient diet group had smaller, dysmorphic cells and significantly lower densities of external granule, molecular, Purkinje and internal granule cells. Although the folate-enriched groups had greater cell densities than the controls, the folate-supplemented group had considerably higher cell densities than the supra-supplemented group. The folate supra-supplemented group had ectopic Purkinje cells in the internal granule cell layer. These findings imply that a folate-deficient diet impairs cellular growth and reduces cell density in the cerebellar cortex. On the other hand, folate supplementation increases cell densities, but there appears to be an optimal dose of supplementation since excessive folate levels may be detrimental.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Gichangi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Adel Abdelmalek
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Paul Odula
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Julius Ogeng'o
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
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Xu X, Zhang Z, Lin Y, Xie H. Risk of Excess Maternal Folic Acid Supplementation in Offspring. Nutrients 2024; 16:755. [PMID: 38474883 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Folate, also known as vitamin B9, facilitates the transfer of methyl groups among molecules, which is crucial for amino acid metabolism and nucleotide synthesis. Adequate maternal folate supplementation has been widely acknowledged for its pivotal role in promoting cell proliferation and preventing neural tube defects. However, in the post-fortification era, there has been a rising concern regarding an excess maternal intake of folic acid (FA), the synthetic form of folate. In this review, we focused on recent advancements in understanding the influence of excess maternal FA intake on offspring. For human studies, we summarized findings from clinical trials investigating the effects of periconceptional FA intake on neurodevelopment and molecular-level changes in offspring. For studies using mouse models, we compiled the impact of high maternal FA supplementation on gene expression and behavioral changes in offspring. In summary, excessive maternal folate intake could potentially have adverse effects on offspring. Overall, we highlighted concerns regarding elevated maternal folate status in the population, providing a comprehensive perspective on the potential adverse effects of excessive maternal FA supplementation on offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiguang Xu
- Epigenomics and Computational Biology Lab, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- Epigenomics and Computational Biology Lab, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, College of Liberal Arts and Human Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Yu Lin
- Epigenomics and Computational Biology Lab, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Genetics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Hehuang Xie
- Epigenomics and Computational Biology Lab, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Genetics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Mwachaka PM, Gichangi P, Abdelmalek A, Odula P, Ogeng'o J. Maternal usage of varying levels of dietary folate affects the postnatal development of cerebellar folia and cortical layer volumes. Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38367228 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2312304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The cerebellum has a long, protracted developmental period; therefore, it is more sensitive to intrauterine and postnatal insults like nutritional deficiencies. Folate is an essential nutrient in fetal and postnatal brain development, and its supplementation during pregnancy is widely recommended. This study aimed to describe the effects of maternal folate intake on postnatal cerebellum development. METHODS Twelve adult female Rattus norwegicus (6-8 weeks old) rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups and given one of four premixed diets: a standard diet (2 mg/kg), a folate-deficient (folate 0 mg/kg), folate-supplemented (8 mg/kg), or folate supra-supplemented (40 mg/kg). The rats began consuming their specific diets 14 days before mating and were maintained on them throughout pregnancy and lactation. Five pups from each group were sacrificed, and their brains processed for light microscopic examination on postnatal days 1, 7, 21, and 35. The data gathered included the morphology of the cerebellar folia and an estimate of the volume of the cerebellar cortical layer using the Cavalieri method. RESULTS Folia of the folate-supplemented and supra-supplemented groups were thicker and showed extensive branching with sub-lobule formation. The folate-deficient diet group's folia were smaller, had more inter-folial spaces, or fused. When compared to the folate-deficient group, the volumes of the cerebellum and individual cerebellar cortical layers were significantly larger in the folate-supplemented and supra-supplemented groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Folate supplementation during pregnancy and lactation improves the degree and complexity of the cerebellar folia and the volumes of individual cerebellar cortical layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Maseghe Mwachaka
- Department of Human Anatomy and Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Peter Gichangi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Adel Abdelmalek
- Department of Human Anatomy and Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Paul Odula
- Department of Human Anatomy and Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Julius Ogeng'o
- Department of Human Anatomy and Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
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Pull K, Folk R, Kang J, Jackson S, Gusek B, Esfandiarei M, Jadavji NM. Impact of maternal dietary folic acid or choline dietary deficiencies on vascular function in young and middle-aged female mouse offspring after ischemic stroke. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H1354-H1359. [PMID: 37801048 PMCID: PMC10908400 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00502.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Adequate maternal dietary levels of one-carbon metabolites, such as folic acid and choline, play an important role in the closure of the neural tube in utero; however, the impact of deficiencies in one-carbon (1C) metabolism on offspring neurological function after birth remain undefined. Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability globally. The aim of our study was to determine the impact of maternal 1C nutritional deficiencies on cerebral and peripheral blood flow after ischemic stroke in adult female offspring. In this study, female mice were placed on either control (CD)-, folic acid (FADD)-, or choline (ChDD)-deficient diets before pregnancy. Female offspring were weaned onto a CD for the duration of the study. Ischemic stroke was induced in offspring and after 6 wk cerebral and peripheral blood flow velocity was measured using ultrasound imaging. Our data showed that 11.5-mo-old female offspring from ChDD mothers had reduced blood flow in the posterior cerebral artery compared with controls. In peripheral blood flow velocity measurements, we report an aging effect. These results emphasize the importance of maternal 1C diet in early life neuro-programming on long-term vasculature health.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that a maternal dietary deficiency in one-carbon (1C) metabolites result in reduced cerebral blood flow in adult female offspring after ischemic stroke, but the long-term effects are not present. This result points to the key role of the maternal diet in early life neuroprogramming, while emphasizing its effects on both fetal development and long-term cerebrovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey Pull
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, United States
| | - Robert Folk
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, United States
| | - Jeemin Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, United States
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, United States
| | - Shaley Jackson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, United States
| | - Brikena Gusek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, United States
| | - Mitra Esfandiarei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, United States
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
- Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nafisa M Jadavji
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, United States
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, United States
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, United States
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Dietary Vitamin B Complex: Orchestration in Human Nutrition throughout Life with Sex Differences. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193940. [PMID: 36235591 PMCID: PMC9573099 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of B complex vitamins starts early in the human life cycle and continues across its different stages. At the same time, numerous reports have emphasized the critical role of adequate B complex intake. Most studies examined such issues concerning a specific vitamin B or life stage, with the majority reporting the effect of either excess or deficiency. Deep insight into the orchestration of the eight different B vitamins requirements is reviewed across the human life cycle, beginning from fertility and pregnancy and reaching adulthood and senility, emphasizing interactions among them and underlying action mechanisms. The effect of sex is also reviewed for each vitamin at each life stage to highlight the different daily requirements and/or outcomes. Thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, and folic acid are crucial for maternal and fetal health. During infancy and childhood, B vitamins are integrated with physical and psychological development that have a pivotal impact on one’s overall health in adolescence and adulthood. A higher intake of B vitamins in the elderly is also associated with preventing some aging problems, especially those related to inflammation. All supplementation should be carefully monitored to avoid toxicity and hypervitaminosis. More research should be invested in studying each vitamin individually concerning nutritional disparities in each life stage, with extensive attention paid to cultural differences and lifestyles.
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The Impact of Maternal Folates on Brain Development and Function after Birth. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090876. [PMID: 36144280 PMCID: PMC9503684 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Folate is vital for biological processes within the body, including DNA synthesis, DNA repair, and methylation reactions that metabolize homocysteine. The role of folate is particularly important in pregnancy, where there is rapid cellular and tissue growth. Maternal folate deficiencies secondary to inadequate dietary supplementation are known to produce defects in the neural tube and spinal cord, yet the exact mechanism of folate in neurodevelopment is unknown. The consequences of maternal folate deficiency on offspring brain development and function beyond gestation are not well defined. The objective of this review is to investigate the role of folate deficiency in offspring neurodevelopment, and the complications that arise post-gestation. This was accomplished through a comprehensive review of the data presented in both clinical and preclinical studies. Evidence supports that folate deficiency is associated with altered offspring neurodevelopment, including smaller total brain volume, altered cortical thickness and cerebral white matter, altered neurogenesis, and neuronal apoptosis. Some of these changes have been associated with altered brain function in offspring with memory, motor function, language skills, and psychological issues. This review of literature also presents potential mechanisms of folate deficiency in neurodevelopment with altered metabolism, neuroinflammation, epigenetic modification through DNA methylation, and a genetic deficiency in one-carbon metabolism.
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Yao F, Wen L, Chen R, Du C, Su S, Yan M, Yang Z. Enrichment characteristics and dietary evaluation of selenium in navel orange fruit from the largest navel orange-producing area in China (southern Jiangxi). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:881098. [PMID: 36003806 PMCID: PMC9393740 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.881098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Diet is the main intake source of selenium (Se) in the body. Southern Jiangxi is the largest navel orange-producing area in China, and 25.98% of its arable land is Se-rich. However, studies on the Se-rich characteristics and Se dietary evaluation of navel orange fruits in the natural environment of southern Jiangxi have not been reported. This study was large-scale and in situ samplings (n = 492) of navel oranges in southern Jiangxi with the goal of investigating the coupling relationships among Se, nutritional elements, and quality indicators in fruits and systematically evaluating Se dietary nutrition to the body. The results indicated that the average content of total Se in the flesh was 4.92 μg⋅kg-1, and the percentage of Se-rich navel oranges (total Se ≥ 10 μg⋅kg-1 in the flesh) was 7.93%, of which 66.74% of the total Se was distributed in the pericarp and 33.26% in the flesh. The average content of total Se in the flesh of Yudu County was the highest at 5.71 μg⋅kg-1. There was a significant negative correlation (p < 0.05) between Se, Cu, and Zn in the Se-rich flesh. According to the Se content in the flesh, the Se dietary nutrition evaluation was carried out, and it was found that the Se-enriched navel orange provided a stronger Se nutritional potential for the human body. These findings will help to identify Se enrichment in navel orange fruit in China's largest navel orange-producing area and guide the selection of Se-rich soils for navel orange production in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxian Yao
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Li Wen
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Rong Chen
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Chao Du
- School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Low-Carbon Recycling Technology of Municipal Solid Waste, Ganzhou, China
| | - Shiming Su
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Yan
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonglan Yang
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
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Schirmbeck GH, Sizonenko S, Sanches EF. Neuroprotective Role of Lactoferrin during Early Brain Development and Injury through Lifespan. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142923. [PMID: 35889882 PMCID: PMC9322498 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Early adverse fetal environments can significantly disturb central nervous system (CNS) development and subsequently alter brain maturation. Nutritional status is a major variable to be considered during development and increasing evidence links neonate and preterm infant impaired brain growth with neurological and psychiatric diseases in adulthood. Breastfeeding is one of the main components required for healthy newborn development due to the many "constitutive" elements breastmilk contains. Maternal intake of specific nutrients during lactation may alter milk composition, thus affecting newborn nutrition and, potentially, brain development. Lactoferrin (Lf) is a major protein present in colostrum and the main protein in human milk, which plays an important role in the benefits of breastfeeding during postnatal development. It has been demonstrated that Lf has antimicrobial, as well as anti-inflammatory properties, and is potentially able to reduce the incidence of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), which are particularly frequent in premature births. The anti-inflammatory effects of Lf can reduce birth-related pathologies by decreasing the release of pro-inflammatory factors and inhibiting premature cervix maturation (also related to commensal microbiome abnormalities) that could contribute to disrupting brain development. Pre-clinical evidence shows that Lf protects the developing brain from neuronal injury, enhances brain connectivity and neurotrophin production, and decreases inflammation in models of perinatal inflammatory challenge, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI). In this context, Lf can provide nutritional support for brain development and cognition and prevent the origin of neuropsychiatric diseases later in life. In this narrative review, we consider the role of certain nutrients during neurodevelopment linking to the latest research on lactoferrin with respect to neonatology. We also discuss new evidence indicating that early neuroprotective pathways modulated by Lf could prevent neurodegeneration through anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Henrique Schirmbeck
- Biochemistry Post-Graduate Program, Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil;
| | - Stéphane Sizonenko
- Division of Child Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Eduardo Farias Sanches
- Division of Child Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
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Gila-Díaz A, Díaz-Rullo Alcántara N, Herranz Carrillo G, Singh P, Arribas SM, Ramiro-Cortijo D. Multidimensional Approach to Assess Nutrition and Lifestyle in Breastfeeding Women during the First Month of Lactation. Nutrients 2021; 13:1766. [PMID: 34067287 PMCID: PMC8224582 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The first month of lactation is a vulnerable nutritional period for the mother. Our aims were (1) to evaluate the nutritional status of breastfeeding women in the first month of lactation, and (2) to explore different aspects of nutrition and lifestyle through a multidimensional approach. A total of 30 healthy breastfeeding women were enrolled in this study. Dietary pattern was assessed through a 72-hour dietary recall questionnaire (days 7 and 28 postpartum) and data were compared with Dietary Recommendation Values (DRV), and through the Adherence to Healthy Food Pyramid (HFP) questionnaire (day 28). Anthropometric parameters were evaluated by bioimpedance. Using factor analysis, nutritional dimensions were extracted, and linear regression models were used to analyze the association between anthropometric parameters and dimensions. Compared to the DRV, women showed insufficient energy, water, vitamin D, and potassium intake and excessive proteins, vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, and iron intake. We observed a moderate adherence to the HFP, with women being high in the fruits, vegetables, and oil categories, and low adherence to the physical activity, dairy products, and hydration categories. The nutritional dimension, including the HFP categories of physical activity, hydration, and animal protein intake together, was negatively associated with body weight (β = -3.7 ± 1.7; p-value = 0.047). In conclusion, during the first month postpartum, breastfeeding women exhibited several nutritional imbalances and poor physical activity negatively influencing anthropometric parameters. We propose a multidimensional approach to assess the nutritional status of breastfeeding women as a tool to detect specific deficiencies, allowing for personalized counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gila-Díaz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo 2, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-D.); (N.D.-R.A.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Nuria Díaz-Rullo Alcántara
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo 2, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-D.); (N.D.-R.A.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Gloria Herranz Carrillo
- Division of Neonatology Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), C/Profesor Martin Lagos s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Pratibha Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Silvia M. Arribas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo 2, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-D.); (N.D.-R.A.); (S.M.A.)
| | - David Ramiro-Cortijo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
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Ford SM, Pedersen CJ, Ford MR, Kim JW, Karunamuni GH, McPheeters MT, Jawaid S, Jenkins MW, Rollins AM, Watanabe M. Folic acid prevents functional and structural heart defects induced by prenatal ethanol exposure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00817.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
State-of-the-art biophotonic tools captured blood flow and endocardial cushion volumes in tiny beating quail embryo hearts, an accessible model for studying four-chambered heart development. Both hemodynamic flow and endocardial cushion volumes were altered with ethanol exposure but normalized when folic acid was introduced with ethanol. Folic acid supplementation preserved hemodynamic function that is intimately involved in sculpting the heart from the earliest stages of heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Ford
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Congenital Heart Collaborative, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Cameron J. Pedersen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Matthew R. Ford
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Ohio
| | - Jun W. Kim
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Congenital Heart Collaborative, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ganga H. Karunamuni
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Congenital Heart Collaborative, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Matthew T. McPheeters
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Safdar Jawaid
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Congenital Heart Collaborative, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Michael W. Jenkins
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Congenital Heart Collaborative, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Andrew M. Rollins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Michiko Watanabe
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Congenital Heart Collaborative, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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Bordeleau M, Fernández de Cossío L, Chakravarty MM, Tremblay MÈ. From Maternal Diet to Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Story of Neuroinflammation. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 14:612705. [PMID: 33536875 PMCID: PMC7849357 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.612705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Providing the appropriate quantity and quality of food needed for both the mother's well-being and the healthy development of the offspring is crucial during pregnancy. However, the macro- and micronutrient intake also impacts the body's regulatory supersystems of the mother, such as the immune, endocrine, and nervous systems, which ultimately influence the overall development of the offspring. Of particular importance is the association between unhealthy maternal diet and neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring. Epidemiological studies have linked neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia, to maternal immune activation (MIA) during gestation. While the deleterious consequences of diet-induced MIA on offspring neurodevelopment are increasingly revealed, neuroinflammation is emerging as a key underlying mechanism. In this review, we compile the evidence available on how the mother and offspring are both impacted by maternal dietary imbalance. We specifically explore the various inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects of dietary components and discuss how changes in inflammatory status can prime the offspring brain development toward neurodevelopmental disorders. Lastly, we discuss research evidence on the mechanisms that sustain the relationship between maternal dietary imbalance and offspring brain development, involving altered neuroinflammatory status in the offspring, as well as genetic to cellular programming notably of microglia, and the evidence that the gut microbiome may act as a key mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Bordeleau
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - M. Mallar Chakravarty
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Variation of Gut Microbiome in Free-Ranging Female Tibetan Macaques ( Macaca thibetana) across Different Reproductive States. Animals (Basel) 2020; 11:ani11010039. [PMID: 33375491 PMCID: PMC7823274 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is expected to adapt to the varying energetic and nutritional pressures in females of different reproductive states. Changes in the gut microbiome may lead to varying nutrient utilizing efficiency in pregnant and lactating female primates. In this study, we examined variation in the gut bacterial community composition of wild female Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) across different reproductive states (cycling, pregnancy and lactation). Fecal samples (n = 25) were collected from ten adult females harvested across different reproductive states. Gut microbial community composition and potential functions were assessed using 16 S rRNA gene sequences. We found significant changes in gut bacterial taxonomic composition, structure and their potential functions in different reproductive states of our study species. In particular, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria increased significantly during pregnancy and lactation. In addition, the relative abundance of Succinivibrionaceae and Succinivibrio (Succinivibrionaceae) were overrepresented in pregnant females, whereas Bifidobacteriaceae and Bifidobacterium (Bifidobacteriaceae) were overrepresented in lactating females. Furthermore, the relative abundance of predicted functional genes of several metabolic pathways related to host's energy and nutrition, such as metabolism of carbohydrates, cofactors and vitamins, glycans and other amino acids, were enriched in pregnancy and lactation. Our findings suggest that changes in the gut microbiome may play an important role in meeting the energetic needs of pregnant and lactating Tibetan macaques. Future studies of the "microbial reproductive ecology" of primates that incorporate food availability, reproductive seasonality, female reproductive physiology and gut inflammation are warranted.
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Successful Planned Pregnancy through Vitrified-Warmed Embryo Transfer in a Woman with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Case Report and Literature Review. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2020; 12:e2020005. [PMID: 31934315 PMCID: PMC6951348 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2020.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A 35-year-old female patient with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) wanted to have a child. She had been treated with imatinib and had achieved major molecular remission, after which imatinib was intentionally discontinued, and interferon-α treatment was initiated. After three failed cycles of artificial insemination with her husband’s semen, the patient underwent treatment with assisted reproductive technology. After two cycles of in vitro fertilization, two embryos (8-cell stage and blastocyst) were cryopreserved. The patient again had elevated major BCR-ABL mRNA levels; thus, infertility treatment was discontinued. After 18 months of dasatinib treatment, major molecular remission was again observed, and the patient underwent vitrified–warmed embryo transfer with a single blastocyst. After that, she became pregnant. Discontinuation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors combined with the timely initiation of infertility treatments, including assisted reproductive technology, might thus be useful for treating women with CML who wish to become pregnant.
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Preconception and Prenatal Nutrition and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071628. [PMID: 31319515 PMCID: PMC6682900 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Preconception and prenatal nutrition is critical for fetal brain development. However, its associations with offspring neurodevelopmental disorders are not well understood. This study aims to systematically review the associations of preconception and prenatal nutrition with offspring risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. We searched the PubMed and Embase for articles published through March 2019. Nutritional exposures included nutrient intake or status, food intake, or dietary patterns. Neurodevelopmental outcomes included autism spectrum disorders (ASD), attention deficit disorder-hyperactivity (ADHD) and intellectual disabilities. A total of 2169 articles were screened, and 20 articles on ASD and 17 on ADHD were eventually reviewed. We found an overall inverse association between maternal folic acid or multivitamin supplementation and children’s risk of ASD; a meta-analysis including six prospective cohort studies estimated an RR of ASD of 0.64 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.90). Data on associations of other dietary factors and ASD, ADHD and related outcomes were inconclusive and warrant future investigation. Future studies should integrate comprehensive and more objective methods to quantify the nutritional exposures and explore alternative study design such as Mendelian randomization to evaluate potential causal effects.
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15
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Lao YX, Yu YY, Li GK, Chen SY, Li W, Xing XP, Wang XM, Hu JG, Guo XB. Effect of Sweet Corn Residue on Micronutrient Fortification in Baked Cakes. Foods 2019; 8:foods8070260. [PMID: 31315256 PMCID: PMC6678234 DOI: 10.3390/foods8070260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to the concept of modern life and health, traditional baked foods are seeking transition. In this study, sweet corn residue (SCR) was used to replace wheat flour in cakes. We conducted sensory evaluation and texture analysis to assess sample quality. Also, we simulated digestion in vitro, and determined the content of total sugar and dietary fiber. The content of vitamin E and carotenoids were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and the content of folate was determined by a microbiological method. With the increase of SCR, the content of dietary fiber, folate, vitamin E, and carotenoids significantly increased, and the digestive characteristics improved simultaneously. Based on the above evaluations, SCRC2 (sweet corn residue cake with 60% substitution) had similar sensory quality to the control (pure wheat flour cake) and had the characteristics of slow digestibility and high micronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xia Lao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yu-Ying Yu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gao-Ke Li
- Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics Improvement of Guangdong Province, Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shao-Yun Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wu Li
- Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics Improvement of Guangdong Province, Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xu-Pu Xing
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xue-Min Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jian-Guang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics Improvement of Guangdong Province, Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Xin-Bo Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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16
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O'Malley EG, Cawley S, Kennedy RAK, Reynolds CME, Molloy A, Turner MJ. Maternal anaemia and folate intake in early pregnancy. J Public Health (Oxf) 2018; 40:e296-e302. [PMID: 29394368 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdy013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The World Health Organization recommends that women take 400 µg of folate supplementation daily throughout pregnancy. We examined the relationship between total folate intake from the diet and supplements at the first prenatal visit and haematological indices at this visit and subsequently. Methods Women were recruited at their convenience and in addition to clinical and sociodemographic details, detailed questionnaires on dietary intakes and supplementation consumption were completed under supervision. A full blood count and serum and red blood cell (RBC) folate levels were taken. Results Of the 502 women studied, 97.5% had inadequate total dietary folate intake at the first visit, but, 98.2% were taking folic acid (FA) supplementation. Only 1.8% (n = 9) had anaemia at their first visit (with no case of macrocytosis). Subsequently, 212 women had a further Hb sample in the third trimester and 8.5% (n = 18) were anaemic and 43.4% (89/205) were anaemic postnatally. There was a relationship between the development of anaemia postnatally and lower RBC folate levels at the first visit (P = 0.02). Conclusions In a country where FA food fortification remains voluntary, these findings support the recommendation that women should start FA supplementation before pregnancy and continue FA after the first trimester.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G O'Malley
- University College Dublin (UCD) Centre for Human Reproduction, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Cawley
- University College Dublin (UCD) Centre for Human Reproduction, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin St., Dublin, Ireland
| | - R A K Kennedy
- University College Dublin (UCD) Centre for Human Reproduction, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin St., Dublin, Ireland
| | - C M E Reynolds
- University College Dublin (UCD) Centre for Human Reproduction, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Molloy
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M J Turner
- University College Dublin (UCD) Centre for Human Reproduction, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Motta C, Delgado I, Matos AS, Gonzales GB, Torres D, Santos M, Chandra-Hioe MV, Arcot J, Castanheira I. Folates in quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa ), amaranth ( Amaranthus sp.) and buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum ): Influence of cooking and malting. J Food Compost Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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van Wegberg AMJ, MacDonald A, Ahring K, Bélanger-Quintana A, Blau N, Bosch AM, Burlina A, Campistol J, Feillet F, Giżewska M, Huijbregts SC, Kearney S, Leuzzi V, Maillot F, Muntau AC, van Rijn M, Trefz F, Walter JH, van Spronsen FJ. The complete European guidelines on phenylketonuria: diagnosis and treatment. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2017; 12:162. [PMID: 29025426 PMCID: PMC5639803 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-017-0685-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of phenylalanine metabolism caused by deficiency in the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. If left untreated, PKU results in increased phenylalanine concentrations in blood and brain, which cause severe intellectual disability, epilepsy and behavioural problems. PKU management differs widely across Europe and therefore these guidelines have been developed aiming to optimize and standardize PKU care. Professionals from 10 different European countries developed the guidelines according to the AGREE (Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation) method. Literature search, critical appraisal and evidence grading were conducted according to the SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network) method. The Delphi-method was used when there was no or little evidence available. External consultants reviewed the guidelines. Using these methods 70 statements were formulated based on the highest quality evidence available. The level of evidence of most recommendations is C or D. Although study designs and patient numbers are sub-optimal, many statements are convincing, important and relevant. In addition, knowledge gaps are identified which require further research in order to direct better care for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. J. van Wegberg
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, PO BOX 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A. MacDonald
- Dietetic Department, Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - K. Ahring
- Department of PKU, Kennedy Centre, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - A. Bélanger-Quintana
- Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Ramon y Cajal Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - N. Blau
- University Children’s Hospital, Dietmar-Hoppe Metabolic Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
- University Children’s Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A. M. Bosch
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Metabolic Disorders, Academic Medical Centre, University Hospital of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Burlina
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - J. Campistol
- Neuropaediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F. Feillet
- Department of Paediatrics, Hôpital d’Enfants Brabois, CHU Nancy, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - M. Giżewska
- Department of Paediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Cardiology of the Developmental Age, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - S. C. Huijbregts
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Studies-Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Faculty of Social Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S. Kearney
- Clinical Psychology Department, Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - V. Leuzzi
- Department of Paediatrics, Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Sabelli 108, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - F. Maillot
- CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais, INSERM U1069, Tours, France
| | - A. C. Muntau
- University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. van Rijn
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, PO BOX 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - F. Trefz
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J. H. Walter
- Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - F. J. van Spronsen
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, PO BOX 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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Low and high dietary folic acid levels perturb postnatal cerebellar morphology in growing rats. Br J Nutr 2017; 115:1967-77. [PMID: 27153204 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516001008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The brain is particularly sensitive to folate metabolic disturbances, because methyl groups are critical for brain functions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different dietary levels of folic acid (FA) on postnatal cerebellar morphology, including the architecture and organisation of the various layers. A total of forty male OFA rats (a Sprague-Dawley strain), 5 weeks old, were classified into the following four dietary groups: FA deficient (0 mg/kg FA); FA supplemented (8 mg/kg FA); FA supra-supplemented (40 mg/kg FA); and control (2 mg/kg FA) (all n 10 per group). Rats were fed ad libitum for 30 d. The cerebellum was quickly removed and processed for histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Slides were immunostained for glial fibrillary acidic protein (to label Bergmann glia), calbindin (to label Purkinje cells) and NeuN (to label post-mitotic neurons). Microscopic analysis revealed two types of defect: partial disappearance of fissures and/or neuronal ectopia, primarily in supra-supplemented animals (incidence of 80 %, P≤0·01), but also in deficient and supplemented groups (incidence of 40 %, P≤0·05), compared with control animals. The primary fissure was predominantly affected, sometimes accompanied by defects in the secondary fissure. Our findings show that growing rats fed an FA-modified diet, including both deficient and supplemented diets, have an increased risk of disturbances in cerebellar corticogenesis. Defects caused by these diets may have functional consequences in later life. The present study is the first to demonstrate that cerebellar morphological defects can arise from deficient, as well as high, FA levels in the diet.
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Majumder A, Behera J, Jeremic N, Tyagi SC. Hypermethylation: Causes and Consequences in Skeletal Muscle Myopathy. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2108-2117. [PMID: 27982479 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A detrimental consequence of hypermethylation is hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), that causes oxidative stress, inflammation, and matrix degradation, which leads to multi-pathology in different organs. Although, it is well known that hypermethylation leads to overall gene silencing and hypomethylation leads to overall gene activation, the role of such process in skeletal muscle dysfunction during HHcy condition is unclear. In this study, we emphasized the multiple mechanisms including epigenetic alteration by which HHcy causes skeletal muscle myopathy. This review also highlights possible role of methylation, histone modification, and RNA interference in skeletal muscle dysfunction during HHcy condition and potential therapeutic molecules, putative challenges, and methodologies to deal with HHcy mediated skeletal muscle dysfunction. We also highlighted that B vitamins (mainly B12 and B6), with folic acid supplementation, could be useful as an adjuvant therapy to reverse these consequences associated with this HHcy conditions in skeletal muscle. However, we would recommend to further study involving long-term trials could help to assess efficacy of the use of these therapeutic agents. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 2108-2117, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avisek Majumder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202
| | - Jyotirmaya Behera
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202
| | - Nevena Jeremic
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202
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21
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Canever L, Alves CSV, Mastella G, Damázio L, Polla JV, Citadin S, De Luca LA, Barcellos AS, Garcez ML, Quevedo J, Budni J, Zugno AI. The Evaluation of Folic Acid-Deficient or Folic Acid-Supplemented Diet in the Gestational Phase of Female Rats and in Their Adult Offspring Subjected to an Animal Model of Schizophrenia. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:2301-2319. [PMID: 28342013 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0493-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although folic acid (FA) supplementation is known to influence numerous physiological functions, especially during pregnancy, little is known about its direct effects on the mothers' health. However, this vitamin is essential for the health of the mother and for the normal growth and development of the fetus. Thus, the aim of this study was (1) to evaluate the cognitive effects and biochemical markers produced by the AIN-93 diet (control), the AIN-93 diet supplemented with different doses of FA (5, 10, and 50 mg/kg), and a FA-deficient diet during pregnancy and lactation in female mother rats (dams) and (2) to evaluate the effect of maternal diets on inflammatory parameters in the adult offspring which were subjected to an animal model of schizophrenia (SZ) induced by ketamine (Ket). Our study demonstrated through the Y-maze test that rats subjected to the FA-deficient diet showed significant deficits in spatial memory, while animals supplemented with FA (5 and 10 mg/kg) showed no deficit in spatial memory. Our results also suggest that the rats subjected to the FA-deficient diet had increased levels of carbonylated proteins in the frontal cortex and hippocampus and also increased plasma levels of homocysteine (Hcy). Folate was able to prevent cognitive impairments in the rats supplemented with FA (5 and 10 mg/kg), data which may be attributed to the antioxidant effect of the vitamin. Moreover, FA prevented protein damage and elevations in Hcy levels in the rats subjected to different doses of this vitamin (5, 10, and 50 mg/kg). We verified a significant increase of the anti-inflammatory cytokine (interleukin-4 (IL-4)) and a reduction in the plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 (IL-6)) and TNF-α) in the dams that were subjected to the diets supplemented with FA (5, 10, and 50 mg/kg), showing the possible anti-inflammatory effects of FA during pregnancy and lactation. In general, we also found that in the adult offspring that were subjected to an animal model of SZ, FA had a protective effect in relation to the levels of IL-4, IL-6, and TNF-α, which indicates that the action of FA persisted in the adult offspring, since FA showed a lasting effect on the inflammatory response, which was similar in both the dams and their offspring. In conclusion, the importance of supplementation with FA during pregnancy and lactation should be emphasized, not only for the benefit of the offspring but also for the health of the mother. All this is due to the considerable protective effect of this vitamin against oxidative damage, cognitive impairment, hyperhomocysteinemia, immune function, and also its ability in preventing common processes in post-pregnancy stages, as well as in reducing the risks of neurodevelopmental disorders and enhancing fetal immune development.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Canever
- Laboratório de Neurociências and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - C S V Alves
- Laboratório de Neurociências and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - G Mastella
- Laboratório de Neurociências and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - L Damázio
- Laboratório de Neurociências and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - J V Polla
- Laboratório de Neurociências and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - S Citadin
- Laboratório de Neurociências and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - L A De Luca
- Laboratório de Neurociências and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - A S Barcellos
- Laboratório de Neurociências and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - M L Garcez
- Laboratório de Neurociências and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - J Quevedo
- Laboratório de Neurociências and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
- Center for Experimental Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - J Budni
- Laboratório de Neurociências and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - A I Zugno
- Laboratório de Neurociências and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil.
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Primary Prevention of Congenital Anomalies: Special Focus on Environmental Chemicals and other Toxicants, Maternal Health and Health Services and Infectious Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1031:301-322. [PMID: 29214580 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-67144-4_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Congenital anomalies (CA) represent an important fraction of rare diseases, due to the critical role of non-genetic factors in their pathogenesis. CA are the main group of rare diseases in which primary prevention measures will have a beneficial impact. Indeed, since 2013 the European Union has endorsed a body of evidence-based recommendations for CA primary prevention; the recommendations aim at facilitating the inclusion of primary prevention actions the National Rare Disease Plans of EU Member States and encompass different public health fields, from environment through to maternal diseases and lifestyles.The chapter overviews and discusses the assessment of main risk factors for CA, such as environmental toxicants, maternal health and lifestyles and infections, with a special attention to issues that are emerging or need more knowledge.Overall, the availability of CA registries is important for estimating the health burden of CA, identifying possible hotspots, assessing the impact of interventions and addressing further, fit-to-purpose research.The integration of relevant public health actions that are already in place (e.g., control of noxious chemicals, vaccination programmes, public health services addressing chronic maternal conditions) can increase the affordability and sustainability of CA primary prevention. In developing countries with less primary prevention in place and limited overall resources, a first recognition phase may be pivotal in order to identify priority targets. In the meanwhile, policy makers should be made aware that primary prevention of RD supports publicly endorsed societal values like the knowledge-based promotion of health, empowerment, equity and social inclusiveness.
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23
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Cawley S, Mullaney L, McKeating A, Farren M, McCartney D, Turner MJ. Knowledge about folic acid supplementation in women presenting for antenatal care. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 70:1285-1290. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gernand AD, Schulze KJ, Stewart CP, West KP, Christian P. Micronutrient deficiencies in pregnancy worldwide: health effects and prevention. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2016; 12:274-89. [PMID: 27032981 PMCID: PMC4927329 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Micronutrients, vitamins and minerals accessible from the diet, are essential for biologic activity. Micronutrient status varies widely throughout pregnancy and across populations. Women in low-income countries often enter pregnancy malnourished, and the demands of gestation can exacerbate micronutrient deficiencies with health consequences for the fetus. Examples of efficacious single micronutrient interventions include folic acid to prevent neural tube defects, iodine to prevent cretinism, zinc to reduce risk of preterm birth, and iron to reduce the risk of low birth weight. Folic acid and vitamin D might also increase birth weight. While extensive mechanistic and association research links multiple antenatal micronutrients with plausible materno-fetal health advantages, hypothesized benefits have often been absent, minimal or unexpected in trials. These findings suggest a role for population context in determining health responses and filling extensive gaps in knowledge. Multiple micronutrient supplements reduce the risks of being born with low birth weight, small for gestational age or stillborn in undernourished settings, and justify micronutrient interventions with antenatal care. Measurable health effects of gestational micronutrient exposure might persist into childhood but few data exists on potential long-term benefits. In this Review, we discuss micronutrient intake recommendations, risks and consequences of deficiencies, and the effects of interventions with a particular emphasis on offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison D Gernand
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 110 Chandlee Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Kerry J Schulze
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Christine P Stewart
- Department of Nutrition, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Keith P West
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Parul Christian
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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The impact of MTHFR 677 C/T genotypes on folate status markers: a meta-analysis of folic acid intervention studies. Eur J Nutr 2015; 56:247-260. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Cawley S, Mullaney L, McKeating A, Farren M, McCartney D, Turner MJ. A review of European guidelines on periconceptional folic acid supplementation. Eur J Clin Nutr 2015; 70:143-54. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ren X, Yang Z, Shao B, Yin SA, Yang X. B-Vitamin Levels in Human Milk among Different Lactation Stages and Areas in China. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133285. [PMID: 26186707 PMCID: PMC4505892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the contents of B-vitamins in human milk in China, we analyzed 1778 human milk samples from the sample bank of the National High Technique R & D Program (863 Projects) which was a cross-sectional survey and covered 6419 human milk samples from healthy lactating mothers who were at different stages of lactation (0-330 days postpartum) in 11 provinces of China. The contents of free forms of six B-vitamins in these human milk samples were analyzed by using UPLC-MS/MS. The median concentrations of free form of 6 B-vitamins in colostrums, transitional milk, 15-180 d mature milk and 181-330 d mature milk were respectively as follows: thiamin 5.0 µg/L, 6.7 µg/L, 21.1 µg/L and 40.7 µg/L; riboflavin 29.3 µg/L, 40.6 µg/L, 33.6 µg/L and 29.6 µg/L; niacin 470.7 µg/L, 661.3 µg/L, 687.0 µg/L and 571.3 µg/L; vitamin B-6 4.6 µg/L, 16.1 µg/L, 62.7 µg/L and 80.7 µg/L; flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) 808.7 µg/L, 1162.8 µg/L, 1023.9 µg/L and 1057.2 µg/L; pantothenic acid 1770.9 µg/L, 2626.8 µg/L, 2213.0 µg/L and 1895.5 µg/L. The contents of 6 B-vitamins varied significantly among the different lactation stages and different areas (coastal area vs inland area, rural area vs urban area). The present study indicated that the concentrations of B-vitamins in colostrum were generally much lower than those in transitional milk and mature milk. Further studies are warranted for their roles and significance on B-vitamins in colostrum in nutrition and metabolism of neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangnan Ren
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nan Wei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nan Wei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Bing Shao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, 16 Hepingli Zhongjie, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Shi-an Yin
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nan Wei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
- * E-mail: (SAY); (XGY)
| | - Xiaoguang Yang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nan Wei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
- * E-mail: (SAY); (XGY)
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Taruscio D, Mantovani A, Carbone P, Barisic I, Bianchi F, Garne E, Nelen V, Neville AJ, Wellesley D, Dolk H. Primary prevention of congenital anomalies: recommendable, feasible and achievable. Public Health Genomics 2015; 18:184-91. [PMID: 25791968 DOI: 10.1159/000379739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary prevention of congenital anomalies was identified as an important action in the field of rare diseases by the European Commission in 2008, but it was not included in the Council Recommendation on an action in the field of rare diseases in 2009. However, primary prevention of congenital anomalies is feasible because scientific evidence points to several risk factors (e.g., obesity, infectious and toxic agents) and protective factors (e.g., folic acid supplementation and glycemic control in diabetic women). Evidence-based community actions targeting fertile women can be envisaged, such as risk-benefit evaluation protocols on therapies for chronic diseases, vaccination policies, regulations on workplace and environmental exposures as well as the empowerment of women in their lifestyle choices. A primary prevention plan can identify priority targets, exploit and integrate ongoing actions and optimize the use of resources, thus reducing the health burden for the new generation. The EUROCAT-EUROPLAN recommendations for the primary prevention of congenital anomalies endorsed in 2013 by the European Union Committee of Experts on Rare Diseases present an array of feasible and evidence-based measures from which national plans can adopt and implement actions based on country priorities. Primary prevention of congenital anomalies can be achieved here and now and should be an integral part of national plans on rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Taruscio
- National Center for Rare Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Darnton-Hill I, Mkparu UC. Micronutrients in pregnancy in low- and middle-income countries. Nutrients 2015; 7:1744-68. [PMID: 25763532 PMCID: PMC4377879 DOI: 10.3390/nu7031744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is one of the more important periods in life when increased micronutrients, and macronutrients are most needed by the body; both for the health and well-being of the mother and for the growing foetus and newborn child. This brief review aims to identify the micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) likely to be deficient in women of reproductive age in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC), especially during pregnancy, and the impact of such deficiencies. A global prevalence of some two billion people at risk of micronutrient deficiencies, and multiple micronutrient deficiencies of many pregnant women in LMIC underline the urgency to establishing the optimal recommendations, including for delivery. It has long been recognized that adequate iron is important for best reproductive outcomes, including gestational cognitive development. Similarly, iodine and calcium have been recognized for their roles in development of the foetus/neonate. Less clear effects of deficiencies of zinc, copper, magnesium and selenium have been reported. Folate sufficiency periconceptionally is recognized both by the practice of providing folic acid in antenatal iron/folic acid supplementation and by increasing numbers of countries fortifying flours with folic acid. Other vitamins likely to be important include vitamins B12, D and A with the water-soluble vitamins generally less likely to be a problem. Epigenetic influences and the likely influence of micronutrient deficiencies on foetal origins of adult chronic diseases are currently being clarified. Micronutrients may have other more subtle, unrecognized effects. The necessity for improved diets and health and sanitation are consistently recommended, although these are not always available to many of the world's pregnant women. Consequently, supplementation programmes, fortification of staples and condiments, and nutrition and health support need to be scaled-up, supported by social and cultural measures. Because of the life-long influences on reproductive outcomes, including inter-generational ones, both clinical and public health measures need to ensure adequate micronutrient intakes during pregnancy, but also during adolescence, the first few years of life, and during lactation. Many antenatal programmes are not currently achieving this. We aim to address the need for micronutrients during pregnancy, the importance of micronutrient deficiencies during gestation and before, and propose the scaling-up of clinical and public health approaches that achieve healthier pregnancies and improved pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Darnton-Hill
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- The Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Medford, MA 021111, USA.
| | - Uzonna C Mkparu
- Columbia University Medical Center, Institute of Human Nutrition, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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López-Nicolás R, Frontela-Saseta C, González-Abellán R, Barado-Piqueras A, Perez-Conesa D, Ros-Berruezo G. Folate fortification of white and whole-grain bread by adding Swiss chard and spinach. Acceptability by consumers. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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