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Zhu M, Yu C, Xu Z, Zhang H, Huang H. Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord with cerebellar lesions: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37605. [PMID: 38788012 PMCID: PMC11124697 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord is a degenerative disease of the central and peripheral nervous systems caused by vitamin B12 deficiency, mainly involving the spinal cord posterior, lateral, and peripheral nerves, but rarely involving the cerebellum. PATIENT CONCERNS A 41-year-old woman presented with a 2-year history of walking unsteadily. Her hematologic examination revealed megaloblastic anemia and vitamin B12 deficiency. Electromyography showed multiple peripheral nerve damage (sensory fibers and motor fibers were involved). Imaging examination showed long T2 signal in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal cord and cerebellum. Gastroscopy revealed autoimmune gastritis. DIAGNOSES Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord. INTERVENTIONS By supplementing with vitamin B12. OUTCOMES The patient's symptoms of limb weakness, diet, and consciousness were improved, and the muscle strength of both lower limbs recovered to grade IV. LESSONS The symptomatic people should seek medical treatment in time to avoid further deterioration of the disease. When esophagogastroduodenoscopy is performed as part of routine physical examination in asymptomatic people, it should be checked for the presence of autoimmune gastritis. Early diagnosis can prevent irreversible neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manmin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Changyin Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zucai Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Haiqing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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2
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Cohen Vig L, Straussberg R, Ziv N, Hirschfeld-Dicker L, Konen O, Aharoni S. Neurologic complications of thiamine (B1) deficiency following bariatric surgery in adolescents. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2024; 50:74-80. [PMID: 38705013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents is rising and poses a major health concern. Bariatric surgery is well established in adults and has become an option for adolescents. Thiamine (B1) deficiency is common following bariatric surgery in adults. It may present as Beri-Beri, Wernicke encephalopathy, or Korsakoff psychosis. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to describe the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of adolescents who presented with B1 deficiency after bariatric surgery at one center, and to summarize the data from the literature. PATIENTS Three adolescents with morbid obesity (two boys and one girl, aged 15.5 to- 17-years-old), presented at Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel with progressive lower limb pain and weakness 2-3 month following a bariatric procedure (sleeve gastrectomy or narrowing of a bariatric band). The girl also had upper limb involvement and cerebellar signs. All three were non-compliant with micronutrient supplementation. After admission, they received intravenous B1 and oral multivitamin supplementation, and their symptoms improved considerably. CONCLUSIONS Micronutrient supplementation following bariatric surgery is crucial to prevent deficiencies. In adolescents, compliance with micronutrient supplementation should be assessed before and after such surgery. Thiamine deficiency may cause polyneuropathy, among other symptoms. Treatment reduces the severity of neurological complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lital Cohen Vig
- Institute of Pediatric Neurology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel; Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Rachel Straussberg
- Institute of Pediatric Neurology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel; Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noa Ziv
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Pediatric Department C, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Lior Hirschfeld-Dicker
- Pediatric Department C, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Osnat Konen
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Institute of Pediatric Radiology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Sharon Aharoni
- Institute of Pediatric Neurology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel; Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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3
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Al Zoubi MS, Al-Oun MA, Abusahyoun FY, Abualarja MI, Al Smadi A, Al-Trad B, Awadin SA, Al-Batayneh K, Elaarag M, Al-Zoubi RM. Exploring the Impact of Cigarette Smoke Extracts on Vitamin B 12: Insights into the Transformation of Methylcobalamin and Hydroxycobalamin to Cyanocobalamin through In Vitro Evaluation. Biochem Res Int 2024; 2024:8827402. [PMID: 38665151 PMCID: PMC11045288 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8827402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is a water-soluble molecule required for the proper functioning of metabolism, blood and DNA synthesis, and neurological development. Vitamin B12 exists in several forms: methylcobalamin (MeCbl), adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl), hydroxycobalamin (OHCbl), and cyanocobalamin (CNCbl). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cigarette smoke on the chemical structure of methylcobalamin and hydroxycobalamin forms of vitamin B12. MeCbl and OHCbl were markedly affected by exposure to cigarette smoke. The resemblance of the Rt between MeCbl and OHCbl and CNCbl indicates that exposure to cigarette smoke extracts chemically alters MeCbl and OHCbl to CNCbl, warranting in vivo research investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazhar Salim Al Zoubi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 211-63, Jordan
| | - Mus'aab A. Al-Oun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid 211-63, Jordan
| | - Fatima Yacoub Abusahyoun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid 211-63, Jordan
| | - Manal Issam Abualarja
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 211-63, Jordan
| | - Asmaa Al Smadi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid 211-63, Jordan
| | - Bahaa Al-Trad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid 211-63, Jordan
| | - Sura A. Awadin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid 211-63, Jordan
| | - Khalid Al-Batayneh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid 211-63, Jordan
| | - Mai Elaarag
- Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Raed M. Al-Zoubi
- Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Chemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
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4
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de Carvalho JF, Coles SJ, Bueno AA. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) supplementation for the management of autoimmune rheumatic diseases: potential indications and opportunity for future research. Rheumatol Int 2024; 44:743-744. [PMID: 37848675 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-023-05490-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jozélio Freire de Carvalho
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Crônicas não Transmissíveis (NUPEN), School of Nutrition, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Steven John Coles
- College of Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Worcester, Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK
| | - Allain Amador Bueno
- College of Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Worcester, Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK.
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5
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Fituri S, Akbar Z, Ganji V. Impact of metformin treatment on cobalamin status in persons with type 2 diabetes. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:553-560. [PMID: 37167532 PMCID: PMC10925902 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, low vitamin B12 status has been reported in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Metformin, the first-line therapy for lowering blood glucose, is the main driving factor behind this association. Although the relationship between vitamin B12 deficiency and metformin is well established, results of studies on the exact effect of the dose and duration of the therapy remain inconsistent. Additionally, a lack of consensus on the definition of vitamin B12 deficiency adds to the conflicting literature. The objectives of this review were to analyze and synthesize the findings on the effects of metformin dose and duration on vitamin B12 status in patients with T2DM and to outline the potential mechanisms underlying metformin's effect on vitamin B12. Metformin therapy has adversely affected serum vitamin B12 concentrations, a marker of vitamin B12 status. The metformin usage index (a composite score of metformin dose and duration) might serve as a potential risk assessment tool for vitamin B12 screening in patients with T2DM. Considering the health implications of suboptimal vitamin B12 status, vitamin B12 concentrations should be monitored periodically in high-risk patients, such as vegans who are receiving metformin therapy for T2DM. Additionally, it is prudent to implement lifestyle strategies concurrent with metformin therapy in individuals with T2DM, promoting an overall synergistic effect on their glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundus Fituri
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zoha Akbar
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Vijay Ganji
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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6
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Mathew AR, Di Matteo G, La Rosa P, Barbati SA, Mannina L, Moreno S, Tata AM, Cavallucci V, Fidaleo M. Vitamin B12 Deficiency and the Nervous System: Beyond Metabolic Decompensation-Comparing Biological Models and Gaining New Insights into Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:590. [PMID: 38203763 PMCID: PMC10778862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B12 (VitB12) is a micronutrient and acts as a cofactor for fundamental biochemical reactions: the synthesis of succinyl-CoA from methylmalonyl-CoA and biotin, and the synthesis of methionine from folic acid and homocysteine. VitB12 deficiency can determine a wide range of diseases, including nervous system impairments. Although clinical evidence shows a direct role of VitB12 in neuronal homeostasis, the molecular mechanisms are yet to be characterized in depth. Earlier investigations focused on exploring the biochemical shifts resulting from a deficiency in the function of VitB12 as a coenzyme, while more recent studies propose a broader mechanism, encompassing changes at the molecular/cellular levels. Here, we explore existing study models employed to investigate the role of VitB12 in the nervous system, including the challenges inherent in replicating deficiency/supplementation in experimental settings. Moreover, we discuss the potential biochemical alterations and ensuing mechanisms that might be modified at the molecular/cellular level (such as epigenetic modifications or changes in lysosomal activity). We also address the role of VitB12 deficiency in initiating processes that contribute to nervous system deterioration, including ROS accumulation, inflammation, and demyelination. Consequently, a complex biological landscape emerges, requiring further investigative efforts to grasp the intricacies involved and identify potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Rachel Mathew
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.M.); (A.M.T.)
| | - Giacomo Di Matteo
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.D.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Piergiorgio La Rosa
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Saviana Antonella Barbati
- Departmental Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luisa Mannina
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.D.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Sandra Moreno
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy;
- Laboratory of Neurodevelopment, Neurogenetics and Neuromolecular Biology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Ada Maria Tata
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.M.); (A.M.T.)
- Research Centre of Neurobiology “Daniel Bovet”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Virve Cavallucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fidaleo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.M.); (A.M.T.)
- Research Center for Nanotechnology Applied to Engineering (CNIS), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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7
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Dahiri B, Hinojosa MG, Carbonero-Aguilar P, Cerrillos L, Ostos R, Bautista J, Moreno I. Assessment of the oxidative status in mother-child couples from Seville (Spain): A prospective cohort study. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 207:308-319. [PMID: 37597786 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy requires a high demand of energy, which leads to an increase of oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to assess the oxidative status in 200 couples of pregnant women-newborns at the time of delivery, for the first time, who gave birth in two University Hospitals from the province of Seville. Recruited women filled an epidemiological questionnaire with their demographic characteristics and dietary habits during pregnancy. At the time of delivery, both maternal and cord blood samples were collected. Protein oxidation, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels were measured to assess the oxidative status of these women, together with the levels of vitamins D, B12, Zn, Se, and Cu. Our results showed a tendency for all biomarkers measured to be higher in cord blood than in maternal blood. For the correlations established between the OS markers and sociodemographic characteristics, only significant differences for carbonyl groups values were found on both maternal and cord blood, relating these higher values to the use of insecticides in the women's homes. For newborns, only a significant correlation was detected between antioxidant enzymes and the newborn's weight, specifically for superoxide dismutase activity. Additionally, the higher values obtained in cord blood might suggest metabolization, while a higher production of ROS and antioxidant enzymes might be required to maintain the balance. Measured levels for Se were similar in both maternal and cord blood, unlike Cu and Zn, where higher levels were found for maternal blood than cord blood, indicating a correlation between maternal Se values and SOD as OS biomarker. Furthermore, vitamin D levels were around the optimum values established, finding a relationship between vitamin D and new-born's height, unlike for vitamin B12 values, where a correlation with maternal food consumption characteristics was established. Overall values were inside normal ranges and consistent for our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouchra Dahiri
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - María G Hinojosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Institutionen för biokemi och biofysik, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Pilar Carbonero-Aguilar
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Lucas Cerrillos
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstretrics, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme, Ctra. de Cádiz, 41014, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rosa Ostos
- Department of Genetics, Reproduction and Fetal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Bautista
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Isabel Moreno
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
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8
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Oula JO, Mose JM, Waiganjo NN, Chepukosi KW, Mitalo NS, Isaac AO, Nyariki JN. Vitamin B12 blocked Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense-driven disruption of the blood brain barrier, and normalized nitric oxide and malondialdehyde levels in a mouse model. Parasitol Int 2023; 96:102775. [PMID: 37390918 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Infection with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (T.b.r) causes acute Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) in Africa. This study determined the effect of vitamin B12 on T.b.r -driven pathological events in a mouse model. Mice were randomly assigned into four groups; group one was the control. Group two was infected with T.b.r; group three was supplemented with 8 mg/kg vitamin B12 for two weeks; before infection with T.b.r. For group four, administration of vitamin B12 was started from the 4th days post-infection with T.b.r. At 40 days post-infection, the mice were sacrificed to obtain blood, tissues, and organs for various analyses. The results showed that vitamin B12 administration enhanced the survival rate of T.b.r infected mice, and prevented T.b.r-induced disruption of the blood-brain barrier and decline in neurological performance. Notably, T.b.r-induced hematological alteration leading to anaemia, leukocytosis and dyslipidemia was alleviated by vitamin B12. T.b.r-induced elevation of the liver alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin as well as the kidney damage markers urea, uric acid and creatinine were attenuated by vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 blocked T.b.r-driven rise in TNF-α and IFN-γ, nitric oxide and malondialdehyde. T.b.r-induced depletion of GSH levels were attenuated in the presence of vitamin B12 in the brain, spleen and liver tissues; a clear indication of the antioxidant activity of vitamin B12. In conclusion, treatment with vitamin B12 potentially protects against various pathological events associated with severe late-stage HAT and presents a great opportunity for further scrutiny to develop an adjunct therapy for severe late-stage HAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- James O Oula
- Department of Biomedical Science & Technology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John Mokua Mose
- Department of Biomedical Science & Technology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Naomi N Waiganjo
- Department of Biomedical Science & Technology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kennedy W Chepukosi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nancy S Mitalo
- Department of Biomedical Science & Technology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Alfred Orina Isaac
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James Nyabuga Nyariki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya.
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9
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Halczuk K, Kaźmierczak-Barańska J, Karwowski BT, Karmańska A, Cieślak M. Vitamin B12-Multifaceted In Vivo Functions and In Vitro Applications. Nutrients 2023; 15:2734. [PMID: 37375638 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B12 plays a key role in DNA stability. Research indicates that vitamin B12 deficiency leads to indirect DNA damage, and vitamin B12 supplementation may reverse this effect. Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor for enzymes such as methionine synthase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, which are involved in DNA methylation and nucleotide synthesis. These processes are essential for DNA replication and transcription, and any impairment can result in genetic instability. In addition, vitamin B12 has antioxidant properties that help protect DNA from damage caused by reactive oxygen species. This protection is achieved by scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress. In addition to their protective functions, cobalamins can also generate DNA-damaging radicals in vitro that can be useful in scientific research. Research is also being conducted on the use of vitamin B12 in medicine as vectors for xenobiotics. In summary, vitamin B12 is an essential micronutrient that plays a vital role in DNA stability. It acts as a cofactor for enzymes involved in the synthesis of nucleotides, has antioxidant properties and has potential value as a generator of DNA-damaging radicals and drug transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Halczuk
- Food Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Julia Kaźmierczak-Barańska
- Food Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bolesław T Karwowski
- Food Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Karmańska
- Food Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Cieślak
- Food Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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10
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Reiss AB, Muhieddine D, Jacob B, Mesbah M, Pinkhasov A, Gomolin IH, Stecker MM, Wisniewski T, De Leon J. Alzheimer's Disease Treatment: The Search for a Breakthrough. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1084. [PMID: 37374288 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59061084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
As the search for modalities to cure Alzheimer's disease (AD) has made slow progress, research has now turned to innovative pathways involving neural and peripheral inflammation and neuro-regeneration. Widely used AD treatments provide only symptomatic relief without changing the disease course. The recently FDA-approved anti-amyloid drugs, aducanumab and lecanemab, have demonstrated unclear real-world efficacy with a substantial side effect profile. Interest is growing in targeting the early stages of AD before irreversible pathologic changes so that cognitive function and neuronal viability can be preserved. Neuroinflammation is a fundamental feature of AD that involves complex relationships among cerebral immune cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which could be altered pharmacologically by AD therapy. Here, we provide an overview of the manipulations attempted in pre-clinical experiments. These include inhibition of microglial receptors, attenuation of inflammation and enhancement of toxin-clearing autophagy. In addition, modulation of the microbiome-brain-gut axis, dietary changes, and increased mental and physical exercise are under evaluation as ways to optimize brain health. As the scientific and medical communities work together, new solutions may be on the horizon to slow or halt AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison B Reiss
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Dalia Muhieddine
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Berlin Jacob
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Michael Mesbah
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Aaron Pinkhasov
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Irving H Gomolin
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | | | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Joshua De Leon
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
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11
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Marques HM. The inorganic chemistry of the cobalt corrinoids - an update. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 242:112154. [PMID: 36871417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The inorganic chemistry of the cobalt corrinoids, derivatives of vitamin B12, is reviewed, with particular emphasis on equilibrium constants for, and kinetics of, their axial ligand substitution reactions. The role the corrin ligand plays in controlling and modifying the properties of the metal ion is emphasised. Other aspects of the chemistry of these compounds, including their structure, corrinoid complexes with metals other than cobalt, the redox chemistry of the cobalt corrinoids and their chemical redox reactions, and their photochemistry are discussed. Their role as catalysts in non-biological reactions and aspects of their organometallic chemistry are briefly mentioned. Particular mention is made of the role that computational methods - and especially DFT calculations - have played in developing our understanding of the inorganic chemistry of these compounds. A brief overview of the biological chemistry of the B12-dependent enzymes is also given for the reader's convenience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helder M Marques
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
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12
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Pradhan SS, Rao KR, Manjunath M, Saiswaroop R, Patnana DP, Phalguna KS, Choudhary B, Sivaramakrishnan V. Vitamin B 6, B 12 and folate modulate deregulated pathways and protein aggregation in yeast model of Huntington disease. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:96. [PMID: 36852176 PMCID: PMC9958225 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03525-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an incurable and progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting the basal ganglia of the brain. HD is caused due to expansion of the polyglutamine tract in the protein Huntingtin resulting in aggregates. The increased PolyQ length results in aggregation of protein Huntingtin leading to neuronal cell death. Vitamin B6, B12 and folate are deficient in many neurodegenerative diseases. We performed an integrated analysis of transcriptomic, metabolomic and cofactor-protein network of vitamin B6, B12 and folate was performed. Our results show considerable overlap of pathways modulated by Vitamin B6, B12 and folate with those obtained from transcriptomic and metabolomic data of HD patients and model systems. Further, in yeast model of HD we showed treatment of B6, B12 or folate either alone or in combination showed impaired aggregate formation. Transcriptomic analysis of yeast model treated with B6, B12 and folate showed upregulation of pathways like ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, autophagy, peroxisome, fatty acid, lipid and nitrogen metabolism. Metabolomic analysis of yeast model shows deregulation of pathways like aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, metabolism of various amino acids, nitrogen metabolism and glutathione metabolism. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of yeast model showed concordance in the pathways obtained. Knockout of Peroxisomal (PXP1 and PEX7) and Autophagy (ATG5) genes in yeast increased aggregates which is mitigated by vitamin B6, B12 and folate treatment. Taken together our results show a role for Vitamin B6, B12 and folate mediated modulation of pathways important for preventing protein aggregation with potential implications for HD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03525-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Sanwid Pradhan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515134 India
| | - K. Raksha Rao
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, Karnataka 560100 India
| | - Meghana Manjunath
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, Karnataka 560100 India
| | - R. Saiswaroop
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515134 India
| | - Durga Prasad Patnana
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515134 India
| | - Kanikaram Sai Phalguna
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515134 India
| | - Bibha Choudhary
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, Karnataka 560100 India
| | - Venketesh Sivaramakrishnan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515134 India
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13
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Akbari E, Hossaini D, Amiry GY, Ansari M, Haidary M, Beheshti F, Ahmadi-Soleimani SM. Vitamin B12 administration prevents ethanol-induced learning and memory impairment through re-establishment of the brain oxidant/antioxidant balance, enhancement of BDNF and suppression of GFAP. Behav Brain Res 2023; 438:114156. [PMID: 36243244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
There are growing evidence indicating that the adolescent brain is persistently affected by the use of psychostimulant agents. In this regard, alcohol drinking has become rather common among the adolescents in many societies during the last decade. It is currently well known that long-term ethanol exposure deteriorates various cognitive functions such as learning and memory. Mechanistically, these adverse effects have been shown to be mediated by oxidative damage to central nervous system. On the other hand, Vit-B12 is known to improve cognitive performance by suppression of oxidative parameters. Thus, in the present study we aimed to test whether treatment by Vit-B12 could prevent ethanol-induced complications in mice using behavioral and biochemical methods. Different groups of male Syrian mice received ethanol, ethanol+Vit-B12, Vit-B12 alone, or saline during adolescence and then learning and memory functions were assessed by Morris water maze (MWM) and Passive Avoidance (PA) tests. Finally, mice were sacrificed for measurement of biochemical factors. Results indicated that, adolescent ethanol intake impairs learning and memory function through exacerbation of oxidative stress and Vit-B12 treatment improves these complications by re-establishment of oxidant/anti-oxidant balance in CNS. Moreover, we found that Vit-B12 prevents ethanol-induced reduction of BDNF and enhancement of GFAP and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. In conclusion, it seems that Vit-B12 supplementation could be used as an effective therapeutic strategy to prevent learning and memory defects induced by chronic alcohol intake during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Akbari
- Student Research Committee, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat, Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Dawood Hossaini
- Student Research Committee, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat, Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Ghulam Yahya Amiry
- Student Research Committee, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat, Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mustafa Ansari
- Student Research Committee, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat, Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Murtaza Haidary
- Student Research Committee, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat, Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Farimah Beheshti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat, Heydariyeh, Iran; Departments of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat, Heydariyeh, Iran.
| | - S Mohammad Ahmadi-Soleimani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat, Heydariyeh, Iran; Departments of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat, Heydariyeh, Iran.
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14
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Bekdash RA. Methyl Donors, Epigenetic Alterations, and Brain Health: Understanding the Connection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032346. [PMID: 36768667 PMCID: PMC9917111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Methyl donors such as choline, betaine, folic acid, methionine, and vitamins B6 and B12 are critical players in the one-carbon metabolism and have neuroprotective functions. The one-carbon metabolism comprises a series of interconnected chemical pathways that are important for normal cellular functions. Among these pathways are those of the methionine and folate cycles, which contribute to the formation of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). SAM is the universal methyl donor of methylation reactions such as histone and DNA methylation, two epigenetic mechanisms that regulate gene expression and play roles in human health and disease. Epigenetic mechanisms have been considered a bridge between the effects of environmental factors, such as nutrition, and phenotype. Studies in human and animal models have indicated the importance of the optimal levels of methyl donors on brain health and behavior across the lifespan. Imbalances in the levels of these micronutrients during critical periods of brain development have been linked to epigenetic alterations in the expression of genes that regulate normal brain function. We present studies that support the link between imbalances in the levels of methyl donors, epigenetic alterations, and stress-related disorders. Appropriate levels of these micronutrients should then be monitored at all stages of development for a healthier brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola A Bekdash
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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15
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Abstract
Previous studies have reported that serum klotho and vitamin B12 levels are valuable aging-related markers. However, studies supporting the association between serum klotho and vitamin B12 levels are lacking. We investigated the association between serum klotho and vitamin B12 concentrations in adults in the United States. The analytic study sample was 2065 aged 40 to 79 who participated in the 2011 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Serum klotho and vitamin B12 collected from adults who consented to the use of their samples in the future. The participants were divided into 2 groups based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels (high: ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2 or low: <90 mL/min/1.73 m2). Of the 2065 participants, the log-transformed klotho concentration was significantly correlated with log-transformed vitamin B12 in the high eGFR group, but not in the low eGFR group. After adjusting for all potential covariates, there was a significant association between klotho and vitamin B12 concentrations in the high eGFR groups (beta = 0.100, SE = 0.040). In contrast, there was no significant relationship between klotho and vitamin B12 concentrations in the low eGFR group (beta = 0.012, SE = 0.019). Serum klotho concentration was significantly associated with vitamin B12 increases in US adults with high kidney function. Vitamin B12 concentration may be an important marker of klotho concentration in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Young Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Min
- Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Bok Min
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Kyoung-Bok Min, Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea (e-mail: )
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16
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Linazi G, Abudureyimu S, Zhang J, Wulamu A, Maimaitiaili M, Wang B, Bakeer B, Xi Y. Clinical features of different stage subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30420. [PMID: 36123908 PMCID: PMC9478259 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Subacute combined degeneration (SCD), caused by vitamin B12 disorders, leads to severe degeneration of the spinal cord. Thus, it is significant to make timely diagnosis and treatment options of SCD. The objectives were to summarize clinical features of different sate SCD. Clinical data of 42 SCD patients of spinal cord were retrospectively analyzed, which were classified into early stage, middle stage and late stage SCD. Among the patients, 9 were classified into early stage, 22 into middle stage, and 11 into late stage SCD. Total cholesterol and hemoglobin levels were relatively higher in late stage SCD. In contrast, mean corpusular volume (MCV) level was higher in early stage SCD. There were typical abnormalities only in 8 patients on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and a dynamia was a common neurological abnormality in all patients. Importantly, the differences in abnormal findings in anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) testing, visual acuity and fundus testing were statistically significant in different stage SCD (P < .05). There were correlation between most variances with SCD stage. Strikingly, there existed close relationship between enhanced levels of blood glucose (r = -0.289, P = .066), glycated hemoglobin (GHB) (r = -0.288, P = .068) and homocysteine (r = -0.563, P = .000), abnormal visual findings (r = 0.309, P = .049) and megaloblastic anemia (r = -0.295, P = .061) with different SCD stage, among which abnormal visual findings were closely associated with middle stage SCD. Moreover, levels of total cholesterol, blood glucose, homocysteine and abnormal finding of visual acuity were significant in diagnosis and clinical staging of SCD (P < .05). Although MRI scanning and serum vitamin B12 level were widely used for SCD diagnosis, neurological examination and homocysteine level may be more potentially valuable indexes for SCD diagnosis and staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gu Linazi
- Rehabilitation Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shajidan Abudureyimu
- Comprehensive Internal Medicine Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Rehabilitation Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Abudukadier Wulamu
- Rehabilitation Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Miyesier Maimaitiaili
- Rehabilitation Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Baolan Wang
- Rehabilitation Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Banu Bakeer
- Rehabilitation Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Yanling Xi and Banu Bakeer, Rehabilitation Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang, China (e-mail: ; )
| | - Yanling Xi
- Rehabilitation Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Yanling Xi and Banu Bakeer, Rehabilitation Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang, China (e-mail: ; )
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17
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Zibold J, von Livonius B, Kolarova H, Rudolph G, Priglinger CS, Klopstock T, Catarino CB. Vitamin B12 in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy mutation carriers: a prospective cohort study. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:310. [PMID: 35945620 PMCID: PMC9361590 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02453-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is the most common mitochondrial disorder, frequently resulting in acute or subacute severe bilateral central vision loss. Vitamin B12 deficiency is also a known cause of optic neuropathy through mitochondrial dysfunction. Here we evaluated the prevalence and clinical significance of vitamin B12 deficiency in a large cohort of LHON patients and asymptomatic mutation carriers from a tertiary referral center. Methods From the Munich LHON prospective cohort study, participants included all LHON patients and asymptomatic LHON mutation carriers, who were recruited between February 2014 and March 2020 and consented to participate. Neurological, general, and ophthalmological examinations were regularly performed, as were laboratory tests. Vitamin B12 deficiency was diagnosed if serum vitamin B12 was below 201 pg/mL, or if 201–339 pg/mL plus low serum holotranscobalamin or elevated serum methylmalonic acid or elevated total plasma homocysteine. Results We analyzed 244 subjects, including 147 symptomatic LHON patients (74% males) and 97 asymptomatic mutation carriers (31% males). Median age at study baseline was 34 years (range 5–82 years). The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency was higher for LHON mutation carriers than for the general population in all age categories. This was statistically significant for the LHON mutation carriers under 65 years (21% vs. 5–7%, p = 0.002). While vitamin B12 deficiency prevalence was not statistically different between LHON patients and asymptomatic mutation carriers, its clinical correlates, e.g., macrocytosis and polyneuropathy, were more frequent in the subgroup of LHON patients. Excessive alcohol consumption was a significant predictor of vitamin B12 deficiency (p < 0.05). Conclusions The high prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in LHON mutation carriers, both asymptomatic mutation carriers and LHON patients, highlights the need for regular vitamin B12 screening in this population, in order to ensure early treatment, aiming for better outcomes. Our study is not conclusive regarding vitamin B12 deficiency as determinant for disease conversion in LHON, and further research is warranted to disentangle the role of vitamin B12 in the pathophysiology and prognosis of LHON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Zibold
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur Institute, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Ziemssenstr. 1a, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina von Livonius
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hana Kolarova
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur Institute, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Ziemssenstr. 1a, 80336, Munich, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Günter Rudolph
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia S Priglinger
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur Institute, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Ziemssenstr. 1a, 80336, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia B Catarino
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur Institute, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Ziemssenstr. 1a, 80336, Munich, Germany.
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18
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Fakkar NFH, Marzouk D, Allam MF, Fouad MM, Aboromia MM, Gadallah M. Association between vitamin B12 level and clinical peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetic patients on metformin therapy. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-022-00483-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Vitamin B12 malabsorption is one of the side effects of long-term metformin intake. Prolonged vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to irreversible nervous system damage. So, the current study aimed to determine the association between serum vitamin B12 level and clinical peripheral neuropathy among type 2 DM patients who are on metformin in comparison to those not taking it. It is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in Egypt and recruited 100 type 2 diabetic patients who were divided into 2 groups: metformin treated, and non-metformin treated (50 subjects per group). The collected data included personal history, medical history, dietetic history that included frequency of eating food rich in vitamin B12 and clinical peripheral neuropathy assessment by Toronto Clinical Scoring System (TCSS). Blood samples were collected for assessment of HbA1c and vitamin B12 level.
Results
Vitamin B12 deficiency was present in 4% of metformin group and 2% of non-metformin group. The mean value of vitamin B12 between metformin users (624.3 ± 364.1 pg/ml) and non-metformin users (991.0 ± 489.9 pg/ml) showed a high significant difference, p value < 0.001. There was a significant difference between study groups regarding HbA1c level (p value = 0.03). Peripheral neuropathy was significantly associated with HbA1c (p value = 0.04) and female gender (p value = 0.001).
Conclusions
Vitamin B12 level was lower in type 2 diabetic patients on metformin compared to those on other oral anti-diabetic drugs, but without significant deficiency. Peripheral neuropathy was significantly associated with poor glycemic control and female gender, but was not associated with vitamin B12 deficiency.
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19
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Kushak RI, Sengupta A, Winter HS. Interactions between the intestinal microbiota and epigenome in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Dev Med Child Neurol 2022; 64:296-304. [PMID: 34523735 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by variable impairment of cognitive function and interpersonal relationships. Furthermore, some individuals with ASD have gastrointestinal disorders that have been correlated with impairments in intestinal microbiota. Gut microbiota are important not only for intestinal health, but also for many other functions including food digestion, energy production, immune system regulation, and, according to current data, behavior. Disruption of the indigenous microbiota, microbial dysbiosis (imbalance between microorganisms present in the gut), overgrowth of potentially pathogenic microorganisms, a less diverse microbiome, or lower levels of beneficial bacteria in children with ASD can affect behavior. Metabolome analysis in children with ASD has identified perturbations in multiple metabolic pathways that might be associated with cognitive functions. Recent studies have shown that the intestinal microbiome provides environmental signals that can modify host response to stimuli by modifying the host epigenome, which affects DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs. The most studied microbiota-produced epigenetic modifiers are short-chain fatty acids, although other products of intestinal microbiota might also cause epigenetic modifications in the host's DNA. Here we review evidence suggesting that epigenetic alterations caused by modification of gene expression play an important role in understanding ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafail I Kushak
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ashok Sengupta
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Harland S Winter
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Ekusheva EV, Shikh EV, Ametov AS, Ostroumova OD, Zaharov VV, Zhivolupov SA, Djukic M. [The problem of vitamin B12 deficiency: relevance, diagnosis and targeted therapy (based on materials of an interdisciplinary expert council with international participation)]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2021; 121:17-25. [PMID: 34932281 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202112111117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency of vitamin B12 occurs much more often than it is commonly believed and leads to a wide range of various disorders, the emergence of primarily neurological manifestations, while there is a lack of awareness among clinicians in the field of its causes, nonspecific manifestations, diagnostic methods and effective therapy. The conference «The problem of vitamin B12 deficiency and the experience of use in Germany» was devoted to this urgent clinical problem, within the framework of which an interdisciplinary council of experts, at which the most pressing issues were considered, associated with B12 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Ekusheva
- Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia.,Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia
| | - E V Shikh
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - A S Ametov
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - O D Ostroumova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.,Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Zaharov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | | | - M Djukic
- Geriatric Center of the Evangelical Hospital, Wende Göttingen, Germany
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21
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Khajebishak Y, Alivand M, Faghfouri AH, Moludi J, Payahoo L. The effects of vitamins and dietary pattern on epigenetic modification of non-communicable diseases. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2021. [PMID: 34643416 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have received more attention because of high prevalence and mortality rate. Besides genetic and environmental factors, the epigenetic abnormality is also involved in the pathogenesis of NCDs. Methylation of DNA, chromatin remodeling, modification of histone, and long non-coding RNAs are the main components of epigenetic phenomena. Methodology: In this review paper, the mechanistic role of vitamins and dietary patterns on epigenetic modification was discussed. All papers indexed in scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar, and Elsevier were searched during 2000 - 2021 using, vitamins, diet, epigenetic repression, histones, methylation, acetylation, and NCDs as keywords. Results: The components of healthy dietary patterns like Mediterranean and dietary approaches to stop hypertension diets have a beneficial effect on epigenetic hemostasis. Both quality and quantity of dietary components influence epigenetic phenomena. A diet with calorie deficiency in protein content and methyl-donor agents in a long time, with a high level of fat, disrupts epigenetic hemostasis and finally, causes genome instability. Also, soluble and insoluble vitamins have an obvious role in epigenetic modifications. Most vitamins interact directly with methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation pathways of histone and DNA. However, numerous indirect functions related to the cell cycle stability and genome integrity have been recognized. Conclusion: Considering the crucial role of a healthy diet in epigenetic homeostasis, adherence to a healthy dietary pattern containing enough levels of vitamin and avoiding the western diet seems to be necessary. Having a healthy diet and consuming the recommended dietary level of vitamins can also contribute to epigenetic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Khajebishak
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Alivand
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Jalal Moludi
- School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Laleh Payahoo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
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22
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Bekdash RA. Early Life Nutrition and Mental Health: The Role of DNA Methylation. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093111. [PMID: 34578987 PMCID: PMC8469584 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Does the quality of our diet during early life impact our long-term mental health? Accumulating evidence suggests that nutrition interacts with our genes and that there is a strong association between the quality of diet and mental health throughout life. Environmental influences such as maternal diet during pregnancy or offspring diet have been shown to cause epigenetic changes during critical periods of development, such as chemical modifications of DNA or histones by methylation for the regulation of gene expression. One-carbon metabolism, which consists of the folate and methionine cycles, is influenced by the diet and generates S-Adenosylmethinoine (SAM), the main methyl donor for methylation reactions such as DNA and histone methylation. This review provides current knowledge on how the levels of one-carbon metabolism associated micronutrients such as choline, betaine, folate, methionine and B vitamins that play a role in brain function can impact our well-being and mental health across the lifespan. Micronutrients that act as methyl donors for SAM formation could affect global or gene methylation, altering gene expression and phenotype. Strategies should then be adopted to better understand how these nutrients work and their impact at different stages of development to provide individualized dietary recommendations for better mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola A Bekdash
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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23
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Chong RQ, Gelissen I, Chaar B, Penm J, Cheung JMY, Harnett JE. Do medicines commonly used by older adults impact their nutrient status? EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN CLINICAL AND SOCIAL PHARMACY 2021; 3:100067. [PMID: 35480616 PMCID: PMC9031754 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2021.100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic health conditions and polypharmacy are common among the older population and associated with increased risks of adverse events, medicine-interactions, geriatric syndromes, falls and mortality. Poor nutrition is also common in older people. Causal associations between medication use and older people's nutrient status is seldom discussed. Objectives The objectives of this review were to summarise the literature reporting associations between medicines commonly prescribed to older adults and nutrient deficiencies, and to discuss the clinical implications and management. Methods Medicine information resources (n = 5) were searched for information about nutrient deficiencies associated with common medicines used by older people and listed within the top 50 medicines prescribed by volume on the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. This was followed by a search for clinical studies published on PubMed from inception to April 2020. Data was extracted, tabulated and summarised with clinical information relevant to pharmacists and clinicians involved in the care of older people taking medicines. Results A total of 23 clinical studies were identified reporting medicine-induced nutrient deficiencies in older adults. Vitamin B12, sodium, magnesium were identified as the 3 main nutrients susceptible to deficiency by medicines used to treat cardiovascular disease, neurological conditions, gastrointestinal conditions, and diabetes. The coenzyme CoQ10 was depleted by statins. Conclusion: Certain medicines commonly prescribed to older adults are associated with nutrient deficiencies that may be clinically significant. Given the high prevalence of comorbidities and polypharmacy it is possible that some of these individual drug-induced nutrient deficiencies are compounded, warranting both clinical and research attention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Joanna E. Harnett
- Corresponding author at: The University of Sydney, School of Pharmacy, Building A15, Camperdown Campus, Sydney 2006, Australia.
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Pang X, Hao Y, Ma L, Zhuo L, Liu L, Feng J. Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord concurrent with acute pulmonary embolism: a case report. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211016815. [PMID: 34057834 PMCID: PMC8753791 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211016815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A 58-year-old male vegetarian presented with progressive numbness and weakness in the lower extremities. Laboratory examinations showed reduced vitamin B12 level with megaloblastic anaemia. Spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed hyperintensity within the posterior and lateral columns on T2-weighted imaging. The diagnosis of subacute combined degeneration (SCD) of the spinal cord was established. Unexpectedly, the patient developed transitory syncope on the second day after hospitalization. The diagnostic computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) confirmed multiple small pulmonary emboli. An isolated significantly elevated level of homocysteine (117.1 µmol/l) was documented when screening for hypercoagulable markers. Except for a long-term vegetarian diet, no other risk factors for hyperhomocysteinaemia (such as a family history of homocysteinuria) was found. The severity of the hyperhomocysteinaemia found in this current patient was unusual for patients with an insufficient intake of vitamin B12. In SCD patients, elevated homocysteine may increase the risk of thrombosis, which may exacerbate existing problems. Knowing the risk factors should help physicians choose appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Pang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yulei Hao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lushun Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - La Zhuo
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jiachun Feng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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Modulation of vigabatrin induced cerebellar injury: the role of caspase-3 and RIPK1/RIPK3-regulated cell death pathways. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:781-798. [PMID: 34046766 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-09984-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Vigabatrin is the drug of choice in resistant epilepsy and infantile spasms. Ataxia, tremors, and abnormal gait have been frequently reported following its use indicating cerebellar involvement. This study aimed, for the first time, to investigate the involvement of necroptosis and apoptosis in the VG-induced cerebellar cell loss and the possible protective role of combined omega-3 and vitamin B12 supplementation. Fifty Sprague-Dawley adult male rats (160-200 g) were divided into equal five groups: the control group received normal saline, VG200 and VG400 groups received VG (200 mg or 400 mg/kg, respectively), VG200 + OB and VG400 + OB groups received combined VG (200 mg or 400 mg/kg, respectively), vitamin B12 (1 mg/kg), and omega-3 (1 g/kg). All medications were given daily by gavage for four weeks. Histopathological changes were examined in H&E and luxol fast blue (LFB) stained sections. Immunohistochemical staining for caspase-3 and receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase-1 (RIPK1) as well as quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for myelin basic protein (MBP), caspase-3, and receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase-3 (RIPK3) genes were performed. VG caused a decrease in the granular layer thickness and Purkinje cell number, vacuolations, demyelination, suppression of MBP gene expression, and induction of caspases-3, RIPK1, and RIPK3 in a dose-related manner. Combined supplementation with B12 and omega-3 improved the cerebellar histology, increased MBP, and decreased apoptotic and necroptotic markers. In conclusion, VG-induced neuronal cell loss is dose-dependent and related to both apoptosis and necroptosis. This could either be ameliorated (in low-dose VG) or reduced (in high-dose VG) by combined supplementation with B12 and omega-3.
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Reversible dementia due to vitamin B12 deficiency in a lung cancer patient: Relevance of preoperative evaluation. Palliat Support Care 2021; 19:377-379. [PMID: 33947505 DOI: 10.1017/s1478951521000481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive dysfunction has a negative effect on cancer treatment; however, in a cancer setting, specific treatments can restore cognitive function. Such conditions are known as reversible dementia, with one of these being vitamin B12 (VB12) deficiency. However, there have been no reports of VB12 deficiency identified by preoperative evaluation in cancer patients. METHOD We studied a patient who was referred to the Department of Psycho-oncology on suspicion of cognitive decline prior to lung cancer surgery. Preoperative evaluation revealed VB12 deficiency. RESULTS The patient was an 82-year-old woman diagnosed with lung cancer. She also presented with cognitive decline and, therefore, was referred to the Department of Psycho-oncology for preoperative evaluation. The patient scored 19 points on a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), which is indicative of cognitive decline. As the onset of symptoms occurred several months previously and they were subacute, the possibility of reversible dementia was considered. Extensive examination revealed VB12 deficiency, and VB12 replacement therapy normalized the MMSE score to 25 points before surgery. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESULTS When cognitive decline is observed in cancer patients, it is necessary to actively evaluate the serum levels of some B vitamins, including VB12.
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Schieffler DA, Matta SE. Evidence to Support the Use of S-Adenosylmethionine for Treatment of Post-Concussive Sequelae in the Military. Mil Med 2021; 187:e1182-e1192. [PMID: 33900393 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usab130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the year 2000, over 413,000 service members have sustained traumatic brain injury (TBI) and may present with post-concussive sequelae including headaches, fatigue, irritability, cognitive problems, depression, insomnia, and chronic pain. Although the focus of the article is on military TBI, the usefulness of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) would extend to both civilian and military populations. This narrative review examines the preclinical and clinical literature of SAMe's metabolism and alterations seen in disease states such as depressive disorders, pain disorders, fatigue, cognition, dementia, use in pregnancy and peripartum, children, adolescents, and adults, to the elderly with and without dementia, stroke, and neurodegeneration, in order to highlight its potential benefit in post-concussive sequelae after TBI. MATERIALS AND METHODS A MEDLINE/PubMed and Cochrane Database search was conducted between May 3, 2018 and July 30, 2019 by combining search terms for SAMe with terms for relevant disease states including depression, brain injury, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cognition, fatigue, and pain. This search retrieved a total of 676 references. 439 were excluded for being over a 10-year publication date, except where clinically relevant. After additional removal of repeated articles, the number of articles were totaled 197. An additional 59 articles were excluded: 10 not in English, 4 duplicates, 4 not original investigations, and 41 outside the scope of this article. The remaining 138 articles were used in this review and included 25 clinical studies, 46 preclinical studies, 63 reviews, and 4 case reports. RESULTS This narrative review examined the preclinical and clinical literature of SAMe's metabolism and alterations seen in MDD, pain disorders, fatigue, cognition and memory, dementia, and other disorders to highlight the potential benefit of SAMe in post-concussive sequelae in mTBI. The literature showed potential for improvement, safety, and tolerability in these symptom clusters commonly seen in military mild TBI (mTBI). CONCLUSION There is evidence of a potential benefit of SAMe as an intervention to help with symptoms across the range of post-concussive sequelae and syndromes commonly seen in military mTBI. Since the discovery of SAMe in 1952, this pleiotropic molecule has shown the significance of its involvement in several metabolic cascades in such disparate systems as epigenetics, bioenergetics, DNA methylation, neurotransmitter systems, and potential usefulness in military TBI. Significant limitations include disparate presentations seen in patients with mild TBI, those with post-concussive syndrome, as well as those with comorbid depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. Also, over-the-counter medications are not regulated and SAMe products may vary widely in price and quality. Given the potential for mania in patients with bipolar disorder, evaluation and recommendations should be made by a physician able to evaluate the underlying bipolar diathesis. Furthermore, this narrative review serves as the rationale for future open-label and double-blind placebo-controlled trials in military mTBI and SAMe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofia E Matta
- Naval Hospital Camp Pendleton, Oceanside, CA 92055, USA
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Electrochemical sensors as a versatile tool for the quantitative analysis of Vitamin B12. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01574-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Current Nanocarrier Strategies Improve Vitamin B12 Pharmacokinetics, Ameliorate Patients' Lives, and Reduce Costs. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11030743. [PMID: 33809596 PMCID: PMC8001893 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin B12 (VitB12) is a naturally occurring compound produced by microorganisms and an essential nutrient for humans. Several papers highlight the role of VitB12 deficiency in bone and heart health, depression, memory performance, fertility, embryo development, and cancer, while VitB12 treatment is crucial for survival in inborn errors of VitB12 metabolism. VitB12 is administrated through intramuscular injection, thus impacting the patients’ lifestyle, although it is known that oral administration may meet the specific requirement even in the case of malabsorption. Furthermore, the high-dose injection of VitB12 does not ensure a constant dosage, while the oral route allows only 1.2% of the vitamin to be absorbed in human beings. Nanocarriers are promising nanotechnology that can enable therapies to be improved, reducing side effects. Today, nanocarrier strategies applied at VitB12 delivery are at the initial phase and aim to simplify administration, reduce costs, improve pharmacokinetics, and ameliorate the quality of patients’ lives. The safety of nanotechnologies is still under investigation and few treatments involving nanocarriers have been approved, so far. Here, we highlight the role of VitB12 in human metabolism and diseases, and the issues linked to its molecule properties, and discuss how nanocarriers can improve the therapy and supplementation of the vitamin and reduce possible side effects and limits.
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Sharif S, Guirguis A, Fergus S, Schifano F. The Use and Impact of Cognitive Enhancers among University Students: A Systematic Review. Brain Sci 2021; 11:355. [PMID: 33802176 PMCID: PMC8000838 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11030355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive enhancers (CEs), also known as "smart drugs", "study aids" or "nootropics" are a cause of concern. Recent research studies investigated the use of CEs being taken as study aids by university students. This manuscript provides an overview of popular CEs, focusing on a range of drugs/substances (e.g., prescription CEs including amphetamine salt mixtures, methylphenidate, modafinil and piracetam; and non-prescription CEs including caffeine, cobalamin (vitamin B12), guarana, pyridoxine (vitamin B6) and vinpocetine) that have emerged as being misused. The diverted non-prescription use of these molecules and the related potential for dependence and/or addiction is being reported. It has been demonstrated that healthy students (i.e., those without any diagnosed mental disorders) are increasingly using drugs such as methylphenidate, a mixture of dextroamphetamine/amphetamine, and modafinil, for the purpose of increasing their alertness, concentration or memory. AIM To investigate the level of knowledge, perception and impact of the use of a range of CEs within Higher Education Institutions. METHODOLOGY A systematic review was conducted in adherence with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Whilst 1400 studies were identified within this study through a variety of electronic databases (e.g., 520 through PubMed, 490 through Science Direct and 390 through Scopus), 48 papers were deemed relevant and were included in this review. RESULTS The most popular molecules identified here included the stimulant CEs, e.g., methylphenidate, modafinil, amphetamine salt mixtures and caffeine-related compounds; stimulant CEs' intake was more prevalent among males than females; drugs were largely obtained from friends and family, as well as via the Internet. It is therefore suggested that CEs are increasingly being used among healthy individuals, mainly students without any diagnosed cognitive disorders, to increase their alertness, concentration, or memory, in the belief that these CEs will improve their performance during examinations or when studying. The impact of stimulant CEs may include tolerance, dependence and/or somatic (e.g., cardiovascular; neurological) complications. DISCUSSION The availability of CEs for non-medical indications in different countries is influenced by a range of factors including legal, social and ethical factors. Considering the risk factors and motivations that encourage university students to use CE drugs, it is essential to raise awareness about CE-related harms, counteract myths regarding "safe" CE use and address cognitive enhancement in an early stage during education as a preventative public health measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safia Sharif
- Psychopharmacology, Substance Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK; (S.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Amira Guirguis
- Psychopharmacology, Substance Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK; (S.S.); (F.S.)
- Institute of Life Sciences 2, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Suzanne Fergus
- Psychopharmacology, Substance Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK; (S.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Fabrizio Schifano
- Psychopharmacology, Substance Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK; (S.S.); (F.S.)
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Tyler N, Giles S, Daker-White G, McManus BC, Panagioti M. A patient and public involvement workshop using visual art and priority setting to provide patients with a voice to describe quality and safety concerns: Vitamin B12 deficiency and pernicious anaemia. Health Expect 2020; 24:87-94. [PMID: 33180344 PMCID: PMC7879548 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) is recognized as important for improved quality in health service provision and research. Vitamin B12 deficiency is one area where PPIE has potential to benefit patients, as patients often report sub‐optimal care due to diagnostic delay, insufficient treatment and poor relationships with health professionals. Objective In an effort to engage an understudied patient population in health‐care quality and safety discussions, and provide patients with an opportunity to have a voice, contribute to research priorities and express their current quality and safety concerns, we hosted a PPIE workshop. Methods One researcher (with lived experience) facilitated a one day workshop with 12 patients with varied demographics. The workshop had four components (a) one‐to‐one sessions with an artist, (b) quality and safety research/education priority setting, (c) comments on research proposals, and (d) development of a PPIE group for future research. Results All elements of the workshop elicited a number of quality and safety priorities for the group. Priority setting highlighted issues with interpretation of test results, symptom‐based treatment, self‐medication and relationship with primary care health‐care professionals. One of the major safety issues highlighted in the visual art element was feeling ignored, silenced or not listened too by health‐care professionals. Discussion Visual art methods to express experiences of health, and research priority setting tasks achieved the aim of providing patients with an opportunity to have a voice and express concerns about health‐care quality and safety issues. The addition of visual art allowed patients to articulate emotions and impacts on everyday life associated with quality and safety. Patient or public contribution A public contributor was involved in preparation of this manuscript. The event aimed to enable PPIE contribution in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Tyler
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sally Giles
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gavin Daker-White
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Maria Panagioti
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Jampilek J, Kralova K. Potential of Nanonutraceuticals in Increasing Immunity. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2224. [PMID: 33182343 PMCID: PMC7695278 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nutraceuticals are defined as foods or their extracts that have a demonstrably positive effect on human health. According to the decision of the European Food Safety Authority, this positive effect, the so-called health claim, must be clearly demonstrated best by performed tests. Nutraceuticals include dietary supplements and functional foods. These special foods thus affect human health and can positively affect the immune system and strengthen it even in these turbulent times, when the human population is exposed to the COVID-19 pandemic. Many of these special foods are supplemented with nanoparticles of active substances or processed into nanoformulations. The benefits of nanoparticles in this case include enhanced bioavailability, controlled release, and increased stability. Lipid-based delivery systems and the encapsulation of nutraceuticals are mainly used for the enrichment of food products with these health-promoting compounds. This contribution summarizes the current state of the research and development of effective nanonutraceuticals influencing the body's immune responses, such as vitamins (C, D, E, B12, folic acid), minerals (Zn, Fe, Se), antioxidants (carotenoids, coenzyme Q10, polyphenols, curcumin), omega-3 fatty acids, and probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Jampilek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Kralova
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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Rzepka Z, Maszczyk M, Wrześniok D. Biological function of cobalamin: causes and effects of
hypocobalaminemia at the molecular, cellular, tissue
and organism level. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2020. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.4741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cobalamin (vitamin B12) is a complex compound, which is classified as a water-soluble
vitamin. Absorption of cobalamin in the gut and its transport to cells is a unique process,
in which many proteins are involved. The loss of function of these proteins causes serious
cell homeostasis disturbance, which may result in the dysfunction of many tissues and
organs. Vitamin B12, a cofactor of methionine synthase, provides methylation process and
nucleic acid synthesis. Cobalamin is also necessary for methylmalonyl-CoA mutase activity.
The enzyme synthesizes succinyl-CoA, an intermediate in tricarboxylic acid cycle.
Vitamin B12 deficiency is an important and current health problem. It may be caused by
insufficient dietary intake, age, or disease-related malabsorption and genetic defects of
mechanisms involved in the absorption, transport and metabolism of cobalamin. Hypocobalaminemia can also result from long-term pharmacotherapy with medicines:
metformin, proton pump inhibitors (e.g. omeprazole) and H2-receptor antagonists
(e.g. ranitidine).
Significant clinical symptoms of cobalamin deficiency include hematological abnormalities,
mainly megaloblastic anemia, as well as neurological disorders resulting from degeneration
within the nervous system. Early diagnosis and starting treatment with vitamin B12 increase
chances for a complete cure. Therefore, the diagnostically important symptom of hypocobalaminemia
may be skin manifestations, mainly hyperpigmentations, but also premature
graying of hair.
The aim of this review article was to summarize the current state of knowledge on the
biological function of cobalamin, as well as the causes and consequences of its deficiency
at the molecular, cellular, tissue and organism level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Rzepka
- Katedra i Zakład Chemii i Analizy Leków, Wydział Nauk Farmaceutycznych w Sosnowcu, Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach
| | - Mateusz Maszczyk
- Katedra i Zakład Chemii i Analizy Leków, Wydział Nauk Farmaceutycznych w Sosnowcu, Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach
| | - Dorota Wrześniok
- Katedra i Zakład Chemii i Analizy Leków, Wydział Nauk Farmaceutycznych w Sosnowcu, Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach
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Supporting patients with long-term problems after Lyme disease. BJGP Open 2020; 4:bjgpopen20X101102. [PMID: 32546581 PMCID: PMC7465565 DOI: 10.3399/bjgpopen20x101102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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Lysosomal activity regulates Caenorhabditis elegans mitochondrial dynamics through vitamin B12 metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:19970-19981. [PMID: 32737159 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008021117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission and fusion are highly regulated by energy demand and physiological conditions to control the production, activity, and movement of these organelles. Mitochondria are arrayed in a periodic pattern in Caenorhabditis elegans muscle, but this pattern is disrupted by mutations in the mitochondrial fission component dynamin DRP-1. Here we show that the dramatically disorganized mitochondria caused by a mitochondrial fission-defective dynamin mutation is strongly suppressed to a more periodic pattern by a second mutation in lysosomal biogenesis or acidification. Vitamin B12 is normally imported from the bacterial diet via lysosomal degradation of B12-binding proteins and transport of vitamin B12 to the mitochondrion and cytoplasm. We show that the lysosomal dysfunction induced by gene inactivations of lysosomal biogenesis or acidification factors causes vitamin B12 deficiency. Growth of the C. elegans dynamin mutant on an Escherichia coli strain with low vitamin B12 also strongly suppressed the mitochondrial fission defect. Of the two C. elegans enzymes that require B12, gene inactivation of methionine synthase suppressed the mitochondrial fission defect of a dynamin mutation. We show that lysosomal dysfunction induced mitochondrial biogenesis, which is mediated by vitamin B12 deficiency and methionine restriction. S-adenosylmethionine, the methyl donor of many methylation reactions, including histones, is synthesized from methionine by S-adenosylmethionine synthase; inactivation of the sams-1 S-adenosylmethionine synthase also suppresses the drp-1 fission defect, suggesting that vitamin B12 regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and then affects mitochondrial fission via chromatin pathways.
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Bento JA, Bassinello PZ, Colombo AO, Vital RJ, Carvalho RN. Nutritional and Bioactive Components of Carioca Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Tempeh and Yellow Soybean (Glycine max L.) Tempeh. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401316666200121111854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Tempeh, a product of Indonesian origin based on fermented soybeans, is
present in naturalistic diets and has been gaining popularity in other cultures and diets due to the
convenience for food preparation and use, aside from the nutritional and functional quality.
Methods:
In this work, tempehs were produced from common bean, carioca grain type (CBT) aged
and peeled, and in combination with yellow soybean (CBST: 50:50). Products were characterized
based on nutritional quality (proximate composition, fiber, mineral, vitamin B12, energetic value),
physical-chemical properties (pH, acidity, moisture, water activity), functional characteristics (antioxidant
capacity), sensorial aspects (texture and color) and antinutrient content. Data from beanbased
tempehs and the commercially purchased traditional soybean tempeh (ST) were statistically
evaluated and the means compared by Tukey test.
Results:
Although CBT was found nutritionally inferior to ST, its contribution on protein intake was
noteworthy and, unlike ST, it presented high fiber content and low caloric value. P, K, Mg, Cu and
Mo levels meet daily requirements for adults. CBT showed higher antioxidant capacity by DPPH
method and was significantly more soft and elastic and less sticky and gummy when compared to
ST, and L, a* and b* CBT color parameters were more pronounced than ST.
Conclusion:
It can thus be concluded that tempeh based on carioca common beans can be an interesting
alternative for stored grains, with good sensorial and functional properties and making an important
nutritional contribution to the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana A.C. Bento
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agronomy, Federal University of Goias (UFG), Goiania, Brazil
| | - Priscila Z. Bassinello
- Department of Food Science, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) Rice and Beans, Santo Antonio de Goias, Brazil
| | - Aline O. Colombo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agronomy, Federal University of Goias (UFG), Goiania, Brazil
| | - Rayane J. Vital
- Department of Nutrition, Paulista University (UNIP), Goiania, Brazil
| | - Rosângela N. Carvalho
- Department of Food Science, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) Rice and Beans, Santo Antonio de Goias, Brazil
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Shi C, Wang P, Airen S, Brown C, Liu Z, Townsend JH, Wang J, Jiang H. Nutritional and medical food therapies for diabetic retinopathy. EYE AND VISION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 7:33. [PMID: 32582807 PMCID: PMC7310218 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-020-00199-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a form of microangiopathy. Reducing oxidative stress in the mitochondria and cell membranes decreases ischemic injury and end-organ damage to the retina. New approaches are needed, which reduce the risk and improve the outcomes of DR while complementing current therapeutic approaches. Homocysteine (Hcy) elevation and oxidative stress are potential therapeutic targets in DR. Common genetic polymorphisms such as those of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), increase Hcy and DR risk and severity. Patients with DR have high incidences of deficiencies of crucial vitamins, minerals, and related compounds, which also lead to elevation of Hcy and oxidative stress. Addressing the effects of the MTHFR polymorphism and addressing comorbid deficiencies and insufficiencies reduce the impact and severity of the disease. This approach provides safe and simple strategies that support conventional care and improve outcomes. Suboptimal vitamin co-factor availability also impairs the release of neurotrophic and neuroprotective growth factors. Collectively, this accounts for variability in presentation and response of DR to conventional therapy. Fortunately, there are straightforward recommendations for addressing these issues and supporting traditional treatment plans. We have reviewed the literature for nutritional interventions that support conventional therapies to reduce disease risk and severity. Optimal combinations of vitamins B1, B2, B6, L-methylfolate, methylcobalamin (B12), C, D, natural vitamin E complex, lutein, zeaxanthin, alpha-lipoic acid, and n-acetylcysteine are identified for protecting the retina and choroid. Certain medical foods have been successfully used as therapy for retinopathy. Recommendations based on this review and our clinical experience are developed for clinicians to use to support conventional therapy for DR. DR from both type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have similar retinal findings and responses to nutritional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, McKnight Building - Room 202A, Miami, FL 33136 USA
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, McKnight Building - Room 202A, Miami, FL 33136 USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shriya Airen
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Craig Brown
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Fayetteville, AR USA
| | - Zhiping Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, McKnight Building - Room 202A, Miami, FL 33136 USA
- Ophthalmic Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Justin H. Townsend
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, McKnight Building - Room 202A, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, McKnight Building - Room 202A, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, McKnight Building - Room 202A, Miami, FL 33136 USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
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Honarpisheh P, Reynolds CR, Blasco Conesa MP, Moruno Manchon JF, Putluri N, Bhattacharjee MB, Urayama A, McCullough LD, Ganesh BP. Dysregulated Gut Homeostasis Observed Prior to the Accumulation of the Brain Amyloid-β in Tg2576 Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1711. [PMID: 32138161 PMCID: PMC7084806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are associated with inflammation. Recent studies demonstrated the involvement of the gut in cerebral amyloid-beta (Aβ) pathogenesis; however, the mechanisms are still not well understood. We hypothesize that the gut bears the Aβ burden prior to brain, highlighting gut-brain axis (GBA) interaction in neurodegenerative disorders. We used pre-symptomatic (6-months) and symptomatic (15-months) Tg2576 mouse model of AD compared to their age-matched littermate WT control. We identified that dysfunction of intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB), dysregulation of absorption, and vascular Aβ deposition in the IEB occur before cerebral Aβ aggregation is detectible. These changes in the GBA were associated with elevated inflammatory plasma cytokines including IL-9, VEGF and IP-10. In association with reduced cerebral myelin tight junction proteins, we identified reduced levels of systemic vitamin B12 and decrease cubilin, an intestinal B12 transporter, after the development of cerebral Aβ pathology. Lastly, we report Aβ deposition in the intestinal autopsy from AD patients with confirmed cerebral Aβ pathology that is not present in intestine from non-AD controls. Our data provide evidence that gut dysfunction occurs in AD and may contribute to its etiology. Future therapeutic strategies to reverse AD pathology may involve the early manipulation of gut physiology and its microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Honarpisheh
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.H.); (C.R.R.); (M.P.B.C.); (J.F.M.M.); (A.U.); (L.D.M.)
| | - Caroline R. Reynolds
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.H.); (C.R.R.); (M.P.B.C.); (J.F.M.M.); (A.U.); (L.D.M.)
| | - Maria P. Blasco Conesa
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.H.); (C.R.R.); (M.P.B.C.); (J.F.M.M.); (A.U.); (L.D.M.)
| | - Jose F. Moruno Manchon
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.H.); (C.R.R.); (M.P.B.C.); (J.F.M.M.); (A.U.); (L.D.M.)
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | | | - Akihiko Urayama
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.H.); (C.R.R.); (M.P.B.C.); (J.F.M.M.); (A.U.); (L.D.M.)
| | - Louise D. McCullough
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.H.); (C.R.R.); (M.P.B.C.); (J.F.M.M.); (A.U.); (L.D.M.)
| | - Bhanu P. Ganesh
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.H.); (C.R.R.); (M.P.B.C.); (J.F.M.M.); (A.U.); (L.D.M.)
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Hara D, Akamatsu M, Mizukami H, Kato B, Suzuki T, Oshima J, Hasegawa Y. A Case of Subacute Combined Degeneration of Spinal Cord Diagnosed by Vitamin B 12 Administration Lowering Methylmalonic Acid. Case Rep Neurol 2020; 12:27-34. [PMID: 32095129 PMCID: PMC7011716 DOI: 10.1159/000505321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord (SCDS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by subacute progression in the central and peripheral nervous systems mainly caused by vitamin B<sub>12</sub> deficiency. It is known that typical SCDS is frequently accompanied by megaloblastic anemia and increased serum methylmalonic acid (MMA) or homocysteine (Hcy) levels on laboratory findings, and marked abnormalities on spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A 45-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with a 2-year history of worsening mild weakness, numbness in bilateral lower limbs, and gait disturbance. On admission, as laboratory findings, blood count showed macrocytosis without anemia, and biochemical tests showed mild reduction in total serum vitamin B<sub>12</sub> level and no increase of MMA and Hcy levels; there were no abnormal findings on spinal cord MRI. After administration of vitamin B<sub>12</sub>, her sensorimotor symptoms were improved and laboratory examination showed that macrocytosis was improved, serum vitamin B<sub>12</sub> was increased, and serum MMA levels were decreased. This improved clinical course and the laboratory findings following vitamin B<sub>12</sub> administration confirmed the diagnosis of SCDS due to vitamin B<sub>12</sub> deficiency. SCDS presents with highly variable symptoms and laboratory findings, and observation of MMA levels and neurologic symptoms before and after vitamin B<sub>12</sub> administration may be useful for diagnosing SCDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hara
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama City Seibu Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masashi Akamatsu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama City Seibu Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Heisuke Mizukami
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama City Seibu Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Bunta Kato
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama City Seibu Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takaaki Suzuki
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama City Seibu Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jun Oshima
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama City Seibu Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hasegawa
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
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Teixeira JP, de Castro AA, Soares FV, da Cunha EFF, Ramalho TC. Future Therapeutic Perspectives into the Alzheimer's Disease Targeting the Oxidative Stress Hypothesis. Molecules 2019; 24:E4410. [PMID: 31816853 PMCID: PMC6930470 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is usually accompanied by aging, increasingly being the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. This disorder is characterized by the accumulation of beta amyloid plaques (Aβ) resulting from impaired amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism, together with the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and tau protein hyperphosphorylation. The exacerbated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggers the process called oxidative stress, which increases neuronal cell abnormalities, most often followed by apoptosis, leading to cognitive dysfunction and dementia. In this context, the development of new therapies for the AD treatment is necessary. Antioxidants, for instance, are promising species for prevention and treatment because they are capable of disrupting the radical chain reaction, reducing the production of ROS. These species have also proven to be adjunctive to conventional treatments making them more effective. In this sense, several recently published works have focused their attention on oxidative stress and antioxidant species. Therefore, this review seeks to show the most relevant findings of these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssika P. Teixeira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (J.P.T.); (A.A.d.C.); (F.V.S.); (E.F.F.d.C.)
| | - Alexandre A. de Castro
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (J.P.T.); (A.A.d.C.); (F.V.S.); (E.F.F.d.C.)
| | - Flávia V. Soares
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (J.P.T.); (A.A.d.C.); (F.V.S.); (E.F.F.d.C.)
| | - Elaine F. F. da Cunha
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (J.P.T.); (A.A.d.C.); (F.V.S.); (E.F.F.d.C.)
| | - Teodorico C. Ramalho
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (J.P.T.); (A.A.d.C.); (F.V.S.); (E.F.F.d.C.)
- Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Cobalamin Deficiency: Effect on Homeostasis of Cultured Human Astrocytes. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121505. [PMID: 31771278 PMCID: PMC6952958 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cobalamin deficiency is an important health problem. The major non-hematological symptoms of hypocobalaminemia are nervous system disorders, but the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have not yet been fully explained. Increasing scientific evidence is stressing the pivotal role of astrocyte dysfunction in the pathogenesis of a wide range of neurological disorders. In light of the above, the aim of this study was to develop an in vitro model of cobalamin deficiency by optimizing the conditions of astrocyte culture in the presence of vitamin B12 antagonist, and then the model was used for multidirectional analysis of astrocyte homeostasis using image cytometry, immunoenzymatic and colorimetric assays, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Our results indicated that long-term incubation of normal human astrocytes with hydroxycobalamin(c-lactam) causes an increase of extracellular homocysteine level, a reduction of cell proliferation, and an accumulation of cells in the G2/M cell cycle phase. Moreover, we observed dramatic activation of caspases and an increase of catalase activity. Interestingly, we excluded extensive apoptosis and oxidative stress. The study provided significant evidence for astrocyte homeostasis disturbance under hypocobalaminemia, thus indicating an important element of the molecular mechanism of nervous system diseases related to vitamin B12 deficiency.
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Vasefi M, Hudson M, Ghaboolian-Zare E. Diet Associated with Inflammation and Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2019; 3:299-309. [PMID: 31867568 PMCID: PMC6918878 DOI: 10.3233/adr-190152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurocognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), affect millions of people worldwide and are characterized by cognitive decline. Human and animal studies have shown that chronic immune response and inflammation are important factors in the pathogenesis of AD. Chronic inflammation can accelerate the aggregation of amyloid-β peptides and later hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins. The exact etiology of AD is not clear, but genetics and environmental factors, such as age, family history, and lifestyle are linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Lifestyle habits, such as poor diet, are associated with inflammation and could accelerate or slow down the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Here we provide a review of the potential conditions and factors that stimulate the inflammatory processes in AD. An understanding of inflammatory mechanisms influencing the development of AD may help to protect against dementia and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Vasefi
- Department of Biology, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX, USA
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Lundholm MD, Loganathan L, Dayal A, Schmitt B. A Case of 'Pernicious Angina'. Am J Med 2019; 132:e793-e794. [PMID: 31152715 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amit Dayal
- Department of Medicine, Edward Hines, Jr. Veterans Administration Hospital, Maywood, Ill
| | - Brian Schmitt
- Department of Medicine, Edward Hines, Jr. Veterans Administration Hospital, Maywood, Ill
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Calderón-Ospina CA, Nava-Mesa MO. B Vitamins in the nervous system: Current knowledge of the biochemical modes of action and synergies of thiamine, pyridoxine, and cobalamin. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 26:5-13. [PMID: 31490017 PMCID: PMC6930825 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neurotropic B vitamins play crucial roles as coenzymes and beyond in the nervous system. Particularly vitamin B1 (thiamine), B6 (pyridoxine), and B12 (cobalamin) contribute essentially to the maintenance of a healthy nervous system. Their importance is highlighted by many neurological diseases related to deficiencies in one or more of these vitamins, but they can improve certain neurological conditions even without a (proven) deficiency. Aim This review focuses on the most important biochemical mechanisms, how they are linked with neurological functions and what deficits arise from malfunctioning of these pathways. Discussion We discussed the main role of B Vitamins on several functions in the peripheral and central nervous system (PNS and CNS) including cellular energetic processes, antioxidative and neuroprotective effects, and both myelin and neurotransmitter synthesis. We also provide an overview of possible biochemical synergies between thiamine, pyridoxine, and cobalamin and discuss by which major roles each of them may contribute to the synergy and how these functions are inter‐related and complement each other. Conclusion Taking into account the current knowledge on the neurotropic vitamins B1, B6, and B12, we conclude that a biochemical synergy becomes apparent in many different pathways in the nervous system, particularly in the PNS as exemplified by their combined use in the treatment of peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alberto Calderón-Ospina
- Center for Research in Genetics and Genomics (CIGGUR), GENIUROS Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mauricio Orlando Nava-Mesa
- Neuroscience Research Group (NEUROS), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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Grande G, Triolo F, Nuara A, Welmer AK, Fratiglioni L, Vetrano DL. Measuring gait speed to better identify prodromal dementia. Exp Gerontol 2019; 124:110625. [PMID: 31173841 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Slow gait speed has been shown to predict incident dementia and cognitive decline in older individuals. We aimed to summarize the evidence concerning the association of slow gait speed with cognitive decline and dementia, and discuss the possible shared pathways leading to cognitive and motor impairments, under the unifying hypothesis that body and mind are intimately connected. This is a scoping review supported by a systematic search of the literature, performed on PubMed and Web of Science. Longitudinal studies providing information on the role of gait speed in the prediction of cognitive decline and dementia in cognitively intact people and in those with initial cognitive impairment were eligible. Of 39 studies selected, including overall 57,456 participants, 33 reported a significant association between gait speed and cognitive outcomes, including dementia. Neurodegenerative pathology and cerebrovascular burden may damage cerebral areas involved in both cognitive functions and motor control. At the same time, systemic conditions, characterized by higher cardiorespiratory, and metabolic and inflammatory burden, can affect a number of organs and systems involved in motor functions, including the brain, having ultimately an impact on cognition. The interplay of body and mind seems relevant during the development of cognitive decline and dementia. The measurement of gait speed may improve the detection of prodromal dementia and cognitive impairment in individuals with and without initial cognitive deficits. The potential applicability of such a measure in both clinical and research settings points at the importance of expanding our knowledge about the common underlying mechanisms of cognitive and motor decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Grande
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Federico Triolo
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Metaboliche e Neuroscienze, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Arturo Nuara
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Metaboliche e Neuroscienze, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Neuroscienze, Parma, Italy
| | - Anna-Karin Welmer
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Allied Health Professionals, Function Area Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Fratiglioni
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Davide L Vetrano
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Medicina dell'Invecchiamento, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, and Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
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Kimball SM, Mirhosseini N, Rankin BD, Fyie K, Guarneri M. Retrospective Analysis of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Parameters in Participants of a Preventive Health and Wellness Program. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2019; 18:78-95. [PMID: 32549820 PMCID: PMC7217396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle, dietary, and nutritional choices are important influencing parameters of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, the number one cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Our aims were to i) characterize CVD risk parameters using data from 7939 participants enrolled in a preventive health and wellness program between March 2010 and January 2017; and ii) evaluate intervention effects in 3,020 participants who returned for follow-up. Blood measurements (nutrient markers), CVD risk parameters (abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL), insulin resistance, and inflammation), glycemic status (HbA1c), and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were assessed. Framingham and Reynold's risk scores were also calculated. After approximately one year of treatment (n = 3 020), mean arachidonic acid:eicosapentaenoic acid (AA:EPA) ratio, homocysteine, and HbAlc concentrations were significantly reduced; other risk parameters did not improve but mean values remained within reference ranges. Excluding participants taking related medications, 38.8%, 37.2%, 38.0%, 42.5%, and 59.7% of those with hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL, insulin resistance, or prediabetes, respectively, at baseline no longer had the condition at follow-up. In contrast, of individuals within the reference range at baseline, new cases at follow-up were found for 10.1%, 12.2%, 6.3%, 8.2%, and 7.6% (as above, respectively). Regression models revealed a significant association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations ≥100 nmol/L and reductions in many CVD risk parameters after adjustment for confounding variables. These findings suggest that a preventive approach to health and wellness focused on nutrients, optimal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and lifestyle changes has the potential to reduce the risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brian D. Rankin
- Pure North S’Energy Foundation, located in Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ken Fyie
- Pure North S’Energy Foundation, located in Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mimi Guarneri
- Scripps Green Hospital, University of California San Diego, located in La Jolla, Calfornia
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Kang S, Hayashi Y, Bruyns-Haylett M, Baker DH, Boura M, Wang X, Karatzas KA, Serra I, Bithell A, Williams C, Field DT, Zheng Y. Supplemental Vitamin B-12 Enhances the Neural Response to Sensory Stimulation in the Barrel Cortex of Healthy Rats but Does Not Affect Spontaneous Neural Activity. J Nutr 2019; 149:730-737. [PMID: 31006816 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although vitamin B-12 (B-12) is known to contribute to the structural and functional development of the brain, it is unclear if B-12 supplementation has any beneficial effect in healthy populations in terms of enhanced neurologic status of the brain or improved cognitive function. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effect of dietary supplementation of B-12 on the cortical neural activity of well-nourished young adult rats and tested the hypothesis that B-12 supplementation in healthy rats may reduce sensory-evoked neural activity due to enhanced inhibition. METHODS Female Lister Hooded rats weighing 190-265 g (2-4 mo old) were included in the study. The experimental group was fed with B-12 (cyanocobalamin)-enriched water at a concentration of 1 mg/L, and the control (CON) group with tap water for 3 wk. Animals were then anesthetized and cortical neural responses to whisker stimulation were recorded in vivo through the use of a multichannel microelectrode, from which local field potentials (LFPs) were extracted. RESULTS Somatosensory-evoked LFP was 25% larger in the B-12 group (4.13 ± 0.24 mV) than in the CON group (3.30 ± 0.21 mV) (P = 0.02). Spontaneous neural activity did not differ between groups; frequency spectra at each frequency bin of interest did not pass the cluster-forming threshold at the 5% significance level. CONCLUSIONS These findings do not provide evidence supporting the hypothesis of decreased neural activity due to B-12 supplementation. As the spontaneous neural activity was unaffected, the increase in somatosensory-evoked LFP may be due to enhanced afferent signal reaching the barrel cortex from the whisker pad, indicating that B-12-supplemented rats may have enhanced sensitivity to sensory stimulation compared with the CON group. We suggest that this enhancement might be the result of lowered sensory threshold, although the underlying mechanism has yet to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungmin Kang
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Sciences.,Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics (CINN), University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Yurie Hayashi
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Sciences
| | | | - Daniel H Baker
- Department of Psychology and York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Kimon-Andreas Karatzas
- Food and Nutritional Sciences.,Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics (CINN), University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Ines Serra
- Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy
| | | | - Claire Williams
- Psychology, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences
| | - David T Field
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics (CINN), University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Ying Zheng
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Sciences.,Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics (CINN), University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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Wu F, Xu K, Liu L, Zhang K, Xia L, Zhang M, Teng C, Tong H, He Y, Xue Y, Zhang H, Chen D, Hu A. Vitamin B 12 Enhances Nerve Repair and Improves Functional Recovery After Traumatic Brain Injury by Inhibiting ER Stress-Induced Neuron Injury. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:406. [PMID: 31105562 PMCID: PMC6491933 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of neurological damage in young human populations. Vitamin B12 has been reported to promote axon growth of neuronal cells after peripheral nerve injury, which is currently used for the treatment of peripheral nerve damage in the clinical trial. Thus, we hypothesized that TBI can be attenuated by vitaminB12 treatment through its beneficial role on axon regeneration after nerve injury. To confirm it, the biological function of vitaminB12 was characterized using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Luxol fast blue (LFB) staining, western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry staining. The results showed that the neurological functional recovery was improved in the VitaminB12-treated group after TBI, which may be due to downregulation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress-related apoptosis signaling pathway. Moreover, the microtubule stabilization, remyelination and myelin reparation were rescued by vitamin B12, which was consistent with the treatment of 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), an endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor. The study suggests that vitamin B12 may be useful as a novel neuroprotective drug for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kairui Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Leilei Xia
- Department of Emergency, Wenzhou People's Hospital, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenhuai Teng
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Heyan Tong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yifang He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yujie Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Daqing Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Aiping Hu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Gröber U, Schmidt J, Kisters K. Important drug-micronutrient interactions: A selection for clinical practice. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 60:257-275. [PMID: 30580552 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1522613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between drugs and micronutrients have received only little or no attention in the medical and pharmaceutical world in the past. Since more and more pharmaceutics are used for the treatment of patients, this topic is increasingly relevant. As such interactions - depending on the duration of treatment and the status of micronutrients - impact the health of the patient and the action of the drugs, physicians and pharmacists should pay more attention to such interactions in the future. This review aims to sensitize physicians and pharmacists on drug micronutrient interactions with selected examples of widely pescribed drugs that can precipitate micronutrient deficiencies. In this context, the pharmacist, as a drug expert, assumes a particular role. Like no other professional in the health care sector, he is particularly predestined and called up to respond to this task. The following article intends to point out the relevance of mutual interactions between micronutrients and various examples of widely used drugs, without claiming to be exhaustive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Gröber
- Academy of Micronutrient Medicine, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Kisters
- Academy of Micronutrient Medicine, Essen, Germany.,Medizinische Klinik I, St. Anna Hospital, Herne, Germany
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The Effect of a High-Dose Vitamin B Multivitamin Supplement on the Relationship between Brain Metabolism and Blood Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress: A Randomized Control Trial. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121860. [PMID: 30513795 PMCID: PMC6316433 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A diet rich in B-group vitamins is essential for optimal body and brain function, and insufficient amounts of such vitamins have been associated with higher levels of neural inflammation and oxidative stress, as marked by increased blood plasma homocysteine. Neural biomarkers of oxidative stress quantified through proton magnetic spectroscopy (1H-MRS) are not well understood, and the relationship between such neural and blood biomarkers is seldom studied. The current study addresses this gap by investigating the direct effect of 6-month high-dose B-group vitamin supplementation on neural and blood biomarkers of metabolism. Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design, 32 healthy adults (20 female, 12 male) aged 30–65 years underwent blood tests (vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folate, and homocysteine levels) and 1H-MRS of the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) before and after supplementation. Results confirmed the supplement was effective in increasing vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 levels and reducing homocysteine, whereas there was no change in folate levels. There were significant relationships between vitamin B6 and N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline, and creatine, as well as between vitamin B12 and creatine (ps < 0.05), whereas NAA in the PCC increased, albeit not significantly (p > 0.05). Together these data provide preliminary evidence for the efficacy of high-dose B-group supplementation in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation through increasing oxidative metabolism. It may also promote myelination, cellular metabolism, and energy storage.
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