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Abudigin WI, Bajaber A, Subash-Babu P. Impact of various dietary lipids on amelioration of biomarkers linked to metabolic syndrome in both healthy and diabetic Wistar rats. BMC Nutr 2024; 10:75. [PMID: 38755663 PMCID: PMC11097575 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-024-00881-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was designed to investigate the influence of different dietary lipids (sheep's fat, olive oil, coconut oil, and corn oil) on specific biomarkers associated with metabolic syndrome in both healthy and diabetic rats. METHODS The study designed for 45 days, utilized a male diabetic wistar rat (body weight, 180-220 g) model induced by streptozotocin (45 mg/kg bw). The rats were divided into two sections: five non-diabetic and five diabetic groups, each containing six rats. The first group in each section serving as the control, received a standard diet. Both non-diabetic or diabetic groups, were provided with a standard diet enriched with 15% sheep fat, 15% coconut oil, 15% olive oil, and 15% corn oil, respectively for a duration of 45 days. RESULTS Post-supplementation, both healthy and diabetic control rats exhibited a higher food intake compared to rats supplemented with lipid diet; notably food intake was higher in diabetic control than healthy control. However, rats fed with coconut oil, olive oil and sheep fat showed weight gain at the end of the experiment, in both healthy and diabetic groups. Coconut oil supplementation significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased HDL-C and total cholesterol level in diabetic groups compared to healthy group, it was confirmed by an increased PPAR-α and ABCA-1 protein level. Olive oil significantly decreased triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL-C levels in diabetic rats when compared to sheep fat or coconut oil. Corn oil significantly decreased fasting glucose, total cholesterol and LDL-C levels compared to all other groups. Corn and olive oil supplemented normal groups, found with significant increase in hepatic glucose-lipid oxidative metabolism associated protein, like FGF-21, MSH, ABCA-1, PPAR-γ and decreased lipogenesis proteins like, SREBP and PPAR-α levels. In contrast, sheep grease and coconut oil increased SREBP and PPAR-α expression in both normal and diabetic groups. Most notably, normal and diabetic groups pretreated with sheep grease resulted in increased inflammatory (MCP-1, IL-1β, TLR-4, TNF-α), and oxidative stress markers (LPO, GSH, GPx, SOD and CAT) linked with metabolic complications. CONCLUSION The combination or alternative use of olive oil and corn oil in daily diet may play a significant role in preventing proinflammatory condition associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weaam I Abudigin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11459, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Adnan Bajaber
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11459, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pandurangan Subash-Babu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11459, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Blaak EE, Goossens GH. Metabolic phenotyping in people living with obesity: Implications for dietary prevention. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:825-838. [PMID: 37581871 PMCID: PMC10492670 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09830-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Given the increasing number of people living with obesity and related chronic metabolic disease, precision nutrition approaches are required to increase the effectiveness of prevention strategies. This review addresses these approaches in different metabolic phenotypes (metabotypes) in obesity. Although obesity is typically associated with an increased cardiometabolic disease risk, some people with obesity are relatively protected against the detrimental effects of excess adiposity on cardiometabolic health, also referred to as 'metabolically healthy obesity' (MHO). Underlying mechanisms, the extent to which MHO is a transient state as well as lifestyle strategies to counteract the transition from MHO to metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) are discussed. Based on the limited resources that are available for dietary lifestyle interventions, it may be reasonable to prioritize interventions for people with MUO, since targeting high-risk patients for specific nutritional, lifestyle or weight-loss strategies may enhance the cost-effectiveness of these interventions. Additionally, the concept of tissue insulin resistant (IR) metabotypes is discussed, representing distinct etiologies towards type 2 diabetes (T2D) as well as cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent evidence indicates that these tissue IR metabotypes, already present in individuals with obesity with a normal glucose homeostasis, respond differentially to diet. Modulation of dietary macronutrient composition according to these metabotypes may considerably improve cardiometabolic health benefits. Thus, nutritional or lifestyle intervention may improve cardiometabolic health, even with only minor or no weight loss, which stresses the importance of focusing on a healthy lifestyle and not on weight loss only. Targeting different metabotypes towards T2D and cardiometabolic diseases may lead to more effective lifestyle prevention and treatment strategies. Age and sex-related differences in tissue metabotypes and related microbial composition and functionality (fermentation), as important drivers and/or mediators of dietary intervention response, have to be taken into account. For the implementation of these approaches, more prospective trials are required to provide the knowledge base for precision nutrition in the prevention of chronic metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Gijs H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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3
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Milhem F, Komarnytsky S. Progression to Obesity: Variations in Patterns of Metabolic Fluxes, Fat Accumulation, and Gastrointestinal Responses. Metabolites 2023; 13:1016. [PMID: 37755296 PMCID: PMC10535155 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13091016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disorder that is remarkably heterogeneous. It presents itself in a variety of phenotypes that can be metabolically unhealthy or healthy, associate with no or multiple metabolic risk factors, gain extreme body weight (super-responders), as well as resist obesity despite the obesogenic environment (non-responders). Progression to obesity is ultimately linked to the overall net energy balance and activity of different metabolic fluxes. This is particularly evident from variations in fatty acids oxidation, metabolic fluxes through the pyruvate-phosphoenolpyruvate-oxaloacetate node, and extracellular accumulation of Krebs cycle metabolites, such as citrate. Patterns of fat accumulation with a focus on visceral and ectopic adipose tissue, microbiome composition, and the immune status of the gastrointestinal tract have emerged as the most promising targets that allow personalization of obesity and warrant further investigations into the critical issue of a wider and long-term weight control. Advances in understanding the biochemistry mechanisms underlying the heterogenous obesity phenotypes are critical to the development of targeted strategies to maintain healthy weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadia Milhem
- Plants for Human Health Institute, NC State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA;
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of Petra, 317 Airport Road, Amman 11196, Jordan
| | - Slavko Komarnytsky
- Plants for Human Health Institute, NC State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA;
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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4
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Metabolic flux between organs measured by arteriovenous metabolite gradients. EXPERIMENTAL & MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2022; 54:1354-1366. [PMID: 36075951 PMCID: PMC9534916 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00803-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian organs convert dietary nutrients into circulating metabolites and share them to maintain whole-body metabolic homeostasis. While the concentrations of circulating metabolites have been frequently measured in a variety of pathophysiological conditions, the exchange flux of circulating metabolites between organs is not easily measurable due to technical difficulties. Isotope tracing is useful for measuring such fluxes for a metabolite of interest, but the shuffling of isotopic atoms between metabolites requires mathematical modeling. Arteriovenous metabolite gradient measurements can complement isotope tracing to infer organ-specific net fluxes of many metabolites simultaneously. Here, we review the historical development of arteriovenous measurements and discuss their advantages and limitations with key example studies that have revealed metabolite exchange flux between organs in diverse pathophysiological contexts.
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5
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Ye RZ, Montastier É, Noll C, Frisch F, Fortin M, Bouffard L, Phoenix S, Guérin B, Turcotte ÉE, Carpentier AC. Total Postprandial Hepatic Nonesterified and Dietary Fatty Acid Uptake Is Increased and Insufficiently Curbed by Adipose Tissue Fatty Acid Trapping in Prediabetes With Overweight. Diabetes 2022; 71:1891-1901. [PMID: 35748318 PMCID: PMC9862339 DOI: 10.2337/db21-1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Excessive lean tissue uptake of fatty acids (FAs) is important in the development of insulin resistance and may be caused by impaired dietary FA (DFA) storage and/or increased nonesterified FA (NEFA) flux from adipose tissue intracellular lipolysis. Cardiac and hepatic total postprandial FA uptake of NEFA+DFA has, however, never been reported in prediabetes with overweight. In this study, 20 individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 19 participants with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and normal fasting glucose underwent postprandial studies with whole-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with oral [18F]fluoro-thia-heptadecanoic acid and dynamic PET/CT with intravenous [11C]palmitate. Hepatic (97 [range 36-215] mmol/6 h vs. 68 [23-132] mmol/6 h, P = 0.03) but not cardiac (11 [range 4-24] mmol/6 h vs. 8 [3-20] mmol/6 h, P = 0.09) uptake of most sources of postprandial FA (NEFA + DFA uptake) integrated over 6 h was higher in IGT versus NGT. DFA accounted for lower fractions of total cardiac (21% [5-47] vs. 25% [9-39], P = 0.08) and hepatic (19% [6-52] vs. 28% [14-50], P = 0.04) uptake in IGT versus NGT. Increased adipose tissue DFA trapping predicted lower hepatic DFA uptake and was associated with higher total cardiac FA uptake. Hence, enhanced adipose tissue DFA trapping in the face of increased postprandial NEFA flux is insufficient to fully curb increased postprandial lean organ FA uptake in prediabetes with overweight (ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT02808182).
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Zhou Ye
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Émilie Montastier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christophe Noll
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédérique Frisch
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Fortin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lucie Bouffard
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Serge Phoenix
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brigitte Guérin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Éric E. Turcotte
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - André C. Carpentier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Corresponding author: André C. Carpentier,
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6
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Chuy V, Gentreau M, Artero S, Berticat C, Rigalleau V, Pérès K, Helmer C, Samieri C, Féart C. Simple carbohydrate intake and higher risk for physical frailty over 15 years in community-dwelling older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 77:10-18. [PMID: 34417799 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a major mechanism involved in the onset of physical frailty (PF). Although rich carbohydrate diets may promote insulin resistance, few studies have examined their association with PF risk. This study aimed to investigate the spectrum of carbohydrate exposure, including carbohydrate intake (simple, complex, and total), glycemic load (measure of the diet-related insulin-demand), and adherence to a low-carbohydrate diet with the incident risk of PF in community-dwelling older adults. Baseline carbohydrate exposure was assessed in non-frail participants of the Three-City-Bordeaux cohort using a 24H dietary recall. Over 15 years of follow-up, participants were screened for PF, defined by the FRAIL scale (≥3 criteria out of Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illnesses, and weight Loss). Associations were estimated using mixed-effects logistic models adjusted for sex, age, education, smoking status, alcohol consumption, depressive symptomatology, global cognitive performances, and protein and energy intakes. The sample included 1,210 participants (62% females, mean age 76 years). Over the follow-up, 295 (24%) incident cases of PF were documented (28% in females, 18% in males). Higher intake of simple carbohydrates was significantly associated with greater odds of incident PF (per 1-SD increased: OR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.02-1.62), specifically among males (OR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.04-2.22). No association was observed with complex or total carbohydrate intake, glycemic load, or low-carbohydrate diet. Among the whole carbohydrate exposure, only higher consumption of simple carbohydrates in older age was associated with a higher risk of developing PF. Further studies are required to explore underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Chuy
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, Bordeaux, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, CHU Bordeaux, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mélissa Gentreau
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvaine Artero
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Berticat
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Rigalleau
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, Bordeaux, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, CHU Bordeaux, Department of Endocrinology, Bordeaux, France
| | - Karine Pérès
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Catherine Helmer
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, Bordeaux, France.,Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, INSERM CIC1401, Bordeaux, France
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7
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Després JP, Carpentier AC, Tchernof A, Neeland IJ, Poirier P. Management of Obesity in Cardiovascular Practice: JACC Focus Seminar. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 78:513-531. [PMID: 34325840 PMCID: PMC8609918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity contributes to reduced life expectancy because of its link with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Yet, targeting this poorly diagnosed, ill-defined, and underaddressed modifiable risk factor remains a challenge. In this review, we emphasize that the tendency among health care professionals to amalgam all forms of obesity altogether as a single entity may contribute to such difficulties and discrepancies. Obesity is a heterogeneous condition both in terms of causes and health consequences. Attention should be given to 2 prevalent subgroups of individuals: 1) patients who are overweight or moderately obese with excess visceral adipose tissue; and 2) patients with severe obesity, the latter group having distinct additional health issues related to their large body fat mass. The challenge of tackling high-cardiovascular-risk forms of obesity through a combination of personalized clinical approaches and population-based solutions is compounded by the current obesogenic environment and economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Després
- VITAM-Centre de recherche en santé durable, CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale, Québec, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
| | - André C Carpentier
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada. https://twitter.com/CarpentierAndr3
| | - André Tchernof
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Ian J Neeland
- University Hospitals Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul Poirier
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
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8
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Gijbels A, Trouwborst I, Jardon KM, Hul GB, Siebelink E, Bowser SM, Yildiz D, Wanders L, Erdos B, Thijssen DHJ, Feskens EJM, Goossens GH, Afman LA, Blaak EE. The PERSonalized Glucose Optimization Through Nutritional Intervention (PERSON) Study: Rationale, Design and Preliminary Screening Results. Front Nutr 2021; 8:694568. [PMID: 34277687 PMCID: PMC8278004 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.694568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is well-established that the etiology of type 2 diabetes differs between individuals. Insulin resistance (IR) may develop in different tissues, but the severity of IR may differ in key metabolic organs such as the liver and skeletal muscle. Recent evidence suggests that these distinct tissue-specific IR phenotypes may also respond differentially to dietary macronutrient composition with respect to improvements in glucose metabolism. Objective: The main objective of the PERSON study is to investigate the effects of an optimal vs. suboptimal dietary macronutrient intervention according to tissue-specific IR phenotype on glucose metabolism and other health outcomes. Methods: In total, 240 overweight/obese (BMI 25 – 40 kg/m2) men and women (age 40 – 75 years) with either skeletal muscle insulin resistance (MIR) or liver insulin resistance (LIR) will participate in a two-center, randomized, double-blind, parallel, 12-week dietary intervention study. At screening, participants undergo a 7-point oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to determine the hepatic insulin resistance index (HIRI) and muscle insulin sensitivity index (MISI), classifying each participant as either “No MIR/LIR,” “MIR,” “LIR,” or “combined MIR/LIR.” Individuals with MIR or LIR are randomized to follow one of two isocaloric diets varying in macronutrient content and quality, that is hypothesized to be either an optimal or suboptimal diet, depending on their tissue-specific IR phenotype (MIR/LIR). Extensive measurements in a controlled laboratory setting as well as phenotyping in daily life are performed before and after the intervention. The primary study outcome is the difference in change in disposition index, which is the product of insulin sensitivity and first-phase insulin secretion, between participants who received their hypothesized optimal or suboptimal diet. Discussion: The PERSON study is one of the first randomized clinical trials in the field of precision nutrition to test effects of a more personalized dietary intervention based on IR phenotype. The results of the PERSON study will contribute knowledge on the effectiveness of targeted nutritional strategies to the emerging field of precision nutrition, and improve our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of whole body and tissue-specific IR. Clinical Trial Registration:https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03708419, clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03708419.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Gijbels
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Inez Trouwborst
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Kelly M Jardon
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Gabby B Hul
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Els Siebelink
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne M Bowser
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Dilemin Yildiz
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lisa Wanders
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Balázs Erdos
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Dick H J Thijssen
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Edith J M Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Gijs H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lydia A Afman
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
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9
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Montastier É, Ye RZ, Noll C, Bouffard L, Fortin M, Frisch F, Phoenix S, Guérin B, Turcotte ÉE, Lewis GF, Carpentier AC. Increased postprandial nonesterified fatty acid efflux from adipose tissue in prediabetes is offset by enhanced dietary fatty acid adipose trapping. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E1093-E1106. [PMID: 33870714 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00619.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of increased postprandial nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) appearance in the circulation in impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is due to increased adipose tissue lipolysis but could also be contributed to by reduced adipose tissue (AT) dietary fatty acid (DFA) trapping and increased "spillover" into the circulation. Thirty-one subjects with IGT (14 women, 17 men) and 29 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT, 15 women, 14 men) underwent a meal test with oral and intravenous palmitate tracers and the oral [18F]-fluoro-thia-heptadecanoic acid positron emission tomography method. Postprandial palmitate appearance (Rapalmitate) was higher in IGT versus NGT (P < 0.001), driven exclusively by Rapalmitate from obesity-associated increase in intracellular lipolysis (P = 0.01), as Rapalmitate from DFA spillover was not different between the groups (P = 0.19) and visceral AT DFA trapping was even higher in IGT versus NGT (P = 0.02). Plasma glycerol appearance was lower in IGT (P = 0.01), driven down by insulin resistance and increased insulin secretion. Thus, we found higher AT DFA trapping, limiting spillover to lean organs and in part offsetting the increase in Rapalmitate from intracellular lipolysis. Whether similar findings occur in frank diabetes, a condition also characterized by insulin resistance but relative insulin deficiency, requires further investigation (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04088344, NCT02808182).NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found higher adipose tissue dietary fatty acid trapping, limiting spillover to lean organs, that in part offsets the increase in appearance rate of palmitate from intracellular lipolysis in prediabetes. These results point to the adaptive nature of adipose tissue trapping and dietary fatty acid spillover as a protective mechanism against excess obesity-related palmitate appearance rate from intracellular adipose tissue lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Émilie Montastier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Run Zhou Ye
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christophe Noll
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lucie Bouffard
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Fortin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédérique Frisch
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Brigitte Guérin
- Department of Radiobiology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Éric E Turcotte
- Department of Radiobiology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gary F Lewis
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - André C Carpentier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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10
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Goedeke L, Perry RJ, Shulman GI. Emerging Pharmacological Targets for the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Insulin Resistance, and Type 2 Diabetes. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 59:65-87. [PMID: 30625285 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010716-104727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia despite hyperinsulinemia, affects more than 400 million people worldwide, and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Insulin resistance, of which ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver [nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)] and skeletal muscle is the root cause, plays a major role in the development of T2D. Although lifestyle interventions and weight loss are highly effective at reversing NAFLD and T2D, weight loss is difficult to sustain, and newer approaches aimed at treating the root cause of T2D are urgently needed. In this review, we highlight emerging pharmacological strategies aimed at improving insulin sensitivity and T2D by altering hepatic energy balance or inhibiting key enzymes involved in hepatic lipid synthesis. We also summarize recent research suggesting that liver-targeted mitochondrial uncoupling may be an attractive therapeutic approach to treat NAFLD, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Goedeke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA; , ,
| | - Rachel J Perry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA; , , .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA; , , .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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11
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Current metabolic perspective on malnutrition in obesity: towards more subgroup-based nutritional approaches? Proc Nutr Soc 2020; 79:331-337. [PMID: 32122428 PMCID: PMC7663313 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665120000117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle intervention may be effective in reducing type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence and cardiometabolic risk. A more personalised nutritional approach based on an individual or subgroup-based metabolic profile may optimise intervention outcome. Whole body insulin resistance (IR) reflects defective insulin action in tissues such as muscle, liver, adipose tissue, gut and brain, which may precede the development of cardiometabolic diseases. IR may develop in different organs but the severity may vary between organs. Individuals with more pronounced hepatic IR have a distinct plasma metabolome and lipidome profile as compared with individuals with more pronounced muscle IR. Additionally, genes related to extracellular modelling were upregulated in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue in individuals with more pronounced hepatic IR, whilst genes related to inflammation as well as systemic low-grade inflammation were upregulated in individuals with primarily muscle IR. There are indications that these distinct IR phenotypes may also respond differentially to dietary macronutrient composition. Besides metabolic phenotype, microbial phenotype may be of importance in personalising the response to diet. In particular fibres or fibre mixtures, leading to a high distal acetate and SCFA production may have more pronounced effects on metabolic health. Notably, individuals with prediabetes may have a reduced response to diet-induced microbiota modulation with respect to host insulin sensitivity and metabolic health outcomes. Overall, we need more research to relate metabolic subphenotypes to intervention outcomes to define more optimal diets for individuals with or predisposed to chronic metabolic diseases.
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12
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van der Kolk BW, Kalafati M, Adriaens M, van Greevenbroek MMJ, Vogelzangs N, Saris WHM, Astrup A, Valsesia A, Langin D, van der Kallen CJH, Eussen SJPM, Schalkwijk CG, Stehouwer CDA, Goossens GH, Arts ICW, Jocken JWE, Evelo CT, Blaak EE. Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue and Systemic Inflammation Are Associated With Peripheral but Not Hepatic Insulin Resistance in Humans. Diabetes 2019; 68:2247-2258. [PMID: 31492661 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-related insulin resistance (IR) may develop in multiple organs, representing various etiologies for cardiometabolic diseases. We identified abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ScAT) transcriptome profiles in liver or muscle IR by means of RNA sequencing in overweight or obese participants of the Diet, Obesity, and Genes (DiOGenes) (NCT00390637, ClinicalTrials.gov) cohort (n = 368). Tissue-specific IR phenotypes were derived from a 5-point oral glucose tolerance test. Hepatic and muscle IR were characterized by distinct abdominal ScAT transcriptome profiles. Genes related to extracellular remodeling were upregulated in individuals with primarily hepatic IR, while genes related to inflammation were upregulated in individuals with primarily muscle IR. In line with this, in two independent cohorts, the Cohort on Diabetes and Atherosclerosis Maastricht (CODAM) (n = 325) and the Maastricht Study (n = 685), an increased systemic low-grade inflammation profile was specifically related to muscle IR but not to liver IR. We propose that increased ScAT inflammatory gene expression may translate into an increased systemic inflammatory profile, linking ScAT inflammation to the muscle IR phenotype. These distinct IR phenotypes may provide leads for more personalized prevention of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta W van der Kolk
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marianthi Kalafati
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel Adriaens
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marleen M J van Greevenbroek
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole Vogelzangs
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Wim H M Saris
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Dominique Langin
- INSERM, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
- Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Toulouse University Hospitals, Toulouse, France
| | - Carla J H van der Kallen
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Simone J P M Eussen
- Department of Epidemiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Gijs H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ilja C W Arts
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Johan W E Jocken
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Chris T Evelo
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Jayasinghe SU, Tankeu AT, Amati F. Reassessing the Role of Diacylglycerols in Insulin Resistance. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:618-635. [PMID: 31375395 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle (SM) insulin resistance (IR) plays an important role in the burden of obesity, particularly because it leads to glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes. Among the mechanisms thought to link IR to obesity is the accumulation, in muscle cells, of different lipid metabolites. Diacylglycerols (DAGs) are subject of particular attention due to reported interactions with the insulin signaling cascade. Given that SM accounts for the majority of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, this review integrates recent observational and mechanistic works with the sole focus on questioning the role of DAGs in SM IR. Particular attention is given to the subcellular distributions and specific structures of DAGs, highlighting future research directions towards reaching a consensus on the mechanistic role played by DAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisitha U Jayasinghe
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurel T Tankeu
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Amati
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Improved quantification of muscle insulin sensitivity using oral glucose tolerance test data: the MISI Calculator. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9388. [PMID: 31253846 PMCID: PMC6598992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45858-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Muscle Insulin Sensitivity Index (MISI) has been developed to estimate muscle-specific insulin sensitivity based on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) data. To date, the score has been implemented with considerable variation in literature and initial positive evaluations were not reproduced in subsequent studies. In this study, we investigate the computation of MISI on oral OGTT data with differing sampling schedules and aim to standardise and improve its calculation. Seven time point OGTT data for 2631 individuals from the Maastricht Study and seven time point OGTT data combined with a hyperinsulinemic-euglycaemic clamp for 71 individuals from the PRESERVE Study were used to evaluate the performance of MISI. MISI was computed on subsets of OGTT data representing four and five time point sampling schedules to determine minimal requirements for accurate computation of the score. A modified MISI computed on cubic splines of the measured data, resulting in improved identification of glucose peak and nadir, was compared with the original method yielding an increased correlation (ρ = 0.576) with the clamp measurement of peripheral insulin sensitivity as compared to the original method (ρ = 0.513). Finally, a standalone MISI calculator was developed allowing for a standardised method of calculation using both the original and improved methods.
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15
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Plasma lipid profiling of tissue-specific insulin resistance in human obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:989-998. [PMID: 30242234 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0189-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Obesity-associated insulin resistance (IR) may develop in multiple organs, representing different aetiologies towards cardiometabolic diseases. This study aimed to identify distinct plasma lipid profiles in overweight/obese individuals who show muscle-IR and/or liver-IR. SUBJECTS/METHODS Baseline data of the European multicenter DiOGenes project were used (n = 640; 401 women, nondiabetic BMI: 27-45 kg/m2). Muscle insulin sensitivity index (MISI) and hepatic insulin resistance index (HIRI) were derived from a 5-point oral glucose tolerance test. The 140 plasma lipids were quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate associations between MISI, HIRI and plasma lipids. RESULTS MISI was comparable between sexes while HIRI and triacylglycerol (TAG) levels were lower in women than in men. MISI was associated with higher lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) levels (standardized (std)β = 0.126; FDR-p = 0.032). Sex interactions were observed for associations between HIRI, TAG and diacylglycerol (DAG) lipid classes. In women, but not in men, HIRI was associated with higher levels of TAG (44 out of 55 species) and both DAG species (stdβ: 0.139-0.313; FDR-p < 0.05), a lower odd-chain/even-chain TAG ratio (stdβ = -0.182; FDR-p = 0.005) and a lower very-long-chain/long-chain TAG ratio (stdβ = -0.156; FDR-p = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS In overweight/obese individuals, muscle insulin sensitivity is associated with higher plasma LPC concentrations. Women have less hepatic IR and lower TAG than men. Nevertheless, hepatic IR is associated with higher plasma TAG and DAG concentrations and a lower abundance of odd-chain and very-long-chain TAG in women, but not in men. This suggests a more pronounced worsening of plasma lipid profile in women with the progression of hepatic IR.
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16
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Trouwborst I, Bowser SM, Goossens GH, Blaak EE. Ectopic Fat Accumulation in Distinct Insulin Resistant Phenotypes; Targets for Personalized Nutritional Interventions. Front Nutr 2018; 5:77. [PMID: 30234122 PMCID: PMC6131567 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases are one of the leading causes for disability and mortality in the Western world. The prevalence of these chronic diseases is expected to rise even further in the next decades. Insulin resistance (IR) and related metabolic disturbances are linked to ectopic fat deposition, which is the storage of excess lipids in metabolic organs such as liver and muscle. Notably, a vicious circle exists between IR and ectopic fat, together increasing the risk for the development of cardiometabolic diseases. Nutrition is a key-determining factor for both IR and ectopic fat deposition. The macronutrient composition of the diet may impact metabolic processes related to ectopic fat accumulation and IR. Interestingly, however, the metabolic phenotype of an individual may determine the response to a certain diet. Therefore, population-based nutritional interventions may not always lead to the most optimal (cardiometabolic) outcomes at the individual level, and differences in the metabolic phenotype may underlie conflicting findings related to IR and ectopic fat in dietary intervention studies. Detailed metabolic phenotyping will help to better understand the complex relationship between diet and metabolic regulation, and to optimize intervention outcomes. A subgroup-based approach that integrates, among others, tissue-specific IR, cardiometabolic parameters, anthropometrics, gut microbiota, age, sex, ethnicity, and psychological factors may thereby increase the efficacy of dietary interventions. Nevertheless, the implementation of more personalized nutrition may be complex, costly, and time consuming. Future studies are urgently warranted to obtain insight into a more personalized approach to nutritional interventions, taking into account the metabolic phenotype to ultimately improve insulin sensitivity and reduce the risk for cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inez Trouwborst
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne M Bowser
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Gijs H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
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17
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Hansen D, Verboven K, van Dijk JW, Zorenc A, Minten L, Smeets K, Verdijk LB, van Loon LJC. Adipose tissue lipolytic inhibition enhances the glucoregulatory properties of exercise in type 2 diabetes patients. Eur J Sport Sci 2018; 18:1245-1254. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1483428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Hansen
- REVAL – Rehabilitation Research Center, BIOMED – Biomedical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Jessa Hospital, Heart Centre Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Kenneth Verboven
- REVAL – Rehabilitation Research Center, BIOMED – Biomedical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Human Biology and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jan-Willem van Dijk
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Studies, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Antoine Zorenc
- Department of Human Biology and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lennert Minten
- REVAL – Rehabilitation Research Center, BIOMED – Biomedical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Kevin Smeets
- REVAL – Rehabilitation Research Center, BIOMED – Biomedical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Lex B. Verdijk
- Department of Human Biology and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Luc J. C. van Loon
- Department of Human Biology and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
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van Ommen B, van den Broek T, de Hoogh I, van Erk M, van Someren E, Rouhani-Rankouhi T, Anthony JC, Hogenelst K, Pasman W, Boorsma A, Wopereis S. Systems biology of personalized nutrition. Nutr Rev 2017; 75:579-599. [PMID: 28969366 PMCID: PMC5914356 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalized nutrition is fast becoming a reality due to a number of technological, scientific, and societal developments that complement and extend current public health nutrition recommendations. Personalized nutrition tailors dietary recommendations to specific biological requirements on the basis of a person's health status and goals. The biology underpinning these recommendations is complex, and thus any recommendations must account for multiple biological processes and subprocesses occurring in various tissues and must be formed with an appreciation for how these processes interact with dietary nutrients and environmental factors. Therefore, a systems biology-based approach that considers the most relevant interacting biological mechanisms is necessary to formulate the best recommendations to help people meet their wellness goals. Here, the concept of "systems flexibility" is introduced to personalized nutrition biology. Systems flexibility allows the real-time evaluation of metabolism and other processes that maintain homeostasis following an environmental challenge, thereby enabling the formulation of personalized recommendations. Examples in the area of macro- and micronutrients are reviewed. Genetic variations and performance goals are integrated into this systems approach to provide a strategy for a balanced evaluation and an introduction to personalized nutrition. Finally, modeling approaches that combine personalized diagnosis and nutritional intervention into practice are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben van Ommen
- TNO (The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research), Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - Tim van den Broek
- TNO (The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research), Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - Iris de Hoogh
- TNO (The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research), Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - Marjan van Erk
- TNO (The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research), Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - Eugene van Someren
- TNO (The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research), Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - Tanja Rouhani-Rankouhi
- TNO (The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research), Zeist, the Netherlands
| | | | - Koen Hogenelst
- TNO (The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research), Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - Wilrike Pasman
- TNO (The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research), Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - André Boorsma
- TNO (The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research), Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - Suzan Wopereis
- TNO (The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research), Zeist, the Netherlands
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Geisler CE, Renquist BJ. Hepatic lipid accumulation: cause and consequence of dysregulated glucoregulatory hormones. J Endocrinol 2017; 234:R1-R21. [PMID: 28428362 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fatty liver can be diet, endocrine, drug, virus or genetically induced. Independent of cause, hepatic lipid accumulation promotes systemic metabolic dysfunction. By acting as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ligands, hepatic non-esterified fatty acids upregulate expression of gluconeogenic, beta-oxidative, lipogenic and ketogenic genes, promoting hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and ketosis. The typical hormonal environment in fatty liver disease consists of hyperinsulinemia, hyperglucagonemia, hypercortisolemia, growth hormone deficiency and elevated sympathetic tone. These endocrine and metabolic changes further encourage hepatic steatosis by regulating adipose tissue lipolysis, liver lipid uptake, de novo lipogenesis (DNL), beta-oxidation, ketogenesis and lipid export. Hepatic lipid accumulation may be induced by 4 separate mechanisms: (1) increased hepatic uptake of circulating fatty acids, (2) increased hepatic de novo fatty acid synthesis, (3) decreased hepatic beta-oxidation and (4) decreased hepatic lipid export. This review will discuss the hormonal regulation of each mechanism comparing multiple physiological models of hepatic lipid accumulation. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is typified by increased hepatic lipid uptake, synthesis, oxidation and export. Chronic hepatic lipid signaling through PPARgamma results in gene expression changes that allow concurrent activity of DNL and beta-oxidation. The importance of hepatic steatosis in driving systemic metabolic dysfunction is highlighted by the common endocrine and metabolic disturbances across many conditions that result in fatty liver. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the metabolic dysfunction that develops as a consequence of hepatic lipid accumulation is critical to identifying points of intervention in this increasingly prevalent disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Geisler
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Benjamin J Renquist
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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20
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Blaak EE. Characterisation of fatty acid metabolism in different insulin-resistant phenotypes by means of stable isotopes. Proc Nutr Soc 2017; 76:1-7. [PMID: 28100287 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665116003013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The obese insulin resistant and/or prediabetic state is characterised by systemic lipid overflow, mainly driven by an impaired lipid buffering capacity of adipose tissue, and an impaired capacity of skeletal muscle to increase fat oxidation upon increased supply. This leads to the accumulation of bioactive lipid metabolites in skeletal muscle interfering with insulin sensitivity via various mechanisms. In this review, the contribution of dietary v. endogenous fatty acids to lipid overflow, their extraction or uptake by skeletal muscle as well as the fractional synthetic rate, content and composition of the muscle lipid pools is discussed in relation to the development or presence of insulin resistance and/or an impaired glucose metabolism. These parameters are studied in vivo in man by combining a dual stable isotope methodology with [2H2]- and [U-13C]-palmitate tracers with the arterio-venous balance technique across forearm muscle and biochemical analyses in muscle biopsies. The insulin-resistant state is characterised by an elevated muscle TAG extraction, despite similar supply, and a reduced skeletal muscle lipid turnover, in particular after intake of a high fat, SFA fat meal, but not after a high fat, PUFA meal. Data are placed in the context of current literature, and underlying mechanisms and implications for long-term nutritional interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology,Maastricht University,Maastricht,The Netherlands
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21
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van der Kolk BW, Goossens GH, Jocken JW, Blaak EE. Altered skeletal muscle fatty acid handling is associated with the degree of insulin resistance in overweight and obese humans. Diabetologia 2016; 59:2686-2696. [PMID: 27627982 PMCID: PMC6518064 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/HYPOTHESIS Disturbances in skeletal muscle fatty acid (FA) handling may contribute to the development and progression of whole-body insulin resistance (IR). In this study, we compared fasting and postprandial skeletal muscle FA handling in individuals with varying degrees of IR. METHODS Seventy-four overweight/obese participants (62 men) were divided into two groups based on the HOMA-IR median (3.35). Fasting and postprandial skeletal muscle FA handling were determined by combining the forearm muscle balance technique with stable isotopes. [2H2]palmitate was infused i.v. to label VLDL-triacylglycerol (VLDL-TAG) and NEFA in the circulation, whereas [U-13C]palmitate was incorporated in a high-saturated FA mixed-meal labelling chylomicron-TAG. Skeletal muscle biopsies were taken to assess intramuscular lipid content, fractional synthetic rate (FSR) and the transcriptional regulation of FA metabolism. RESULTS Postprandial forearm muscle VLDL-TAG extraction was elevated in the high-IR vs the mild-IR group (AUC0-4h: 0.57 ± 0.32 vs -0.43 ± 0.38 nmol [100 ml tissue]-1 min-1, respectively, p = 0.045). Although no differences in skeletal muscle TAG, diacylglycerol, NEFA content and FSR were present between groups, the high-IR group showed increased saturation of the intramuscular NEFA pool (p = 0.039). This was accompanied by lower muscle GPAT1 (also known as GPAM) expression (p = 0.050). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Participants with high-IR demonstrated increased postprandial skeletal muscle VLDL-TAG extraction and higher saturation of the intramuscular NEFA pool vs individuals with mild-IR. These data support the involvement of disturbances in skeletal muscle FA handling in the progression of whole-body IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta W van der Kolk
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Gijs H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Johan W Jocken
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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