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Bhumitrakul J, Lam-Ubol A, Matangkasombut O. Oral Candida in post-radiotherapy patients with xerostomia/hyposalivation: A narrative review. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38946209 DOI: 10.1111/odi.15060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) patients receiving radiotherapy (RT) often suffer from xerostomia and/or hyposalivation. As saliva plays an important antimicrobial and cleansing roles, these patients are at higher risks of opportunistic infections. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of current evidence on oral Candida colonisation and infection in these patients. METHODS A literature review of clinical studies on oral Candida colonisation and candidiasis in HNC patients receiving radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy was conducted. RESULTS Many clinical studies found high levels of Candida colonisation and a substantial proportion of post-RT HNC patients suffering from oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC). Importantly, oral Candida could be a reservoir for life-threatening systemic infection in immunocompromised patients. The rising prevalence of non-albicans Candida species and drug-resistant infections has made identification of Candida species and antifungal susceptibility more important. Recent advances in oral microbiome and its interactions with Candida are discussed. This review also offers perspectives on limitations of current evidence and suggestions for future research. CONCLUSION Further research to better understand Candida carriage, microbiome, OPC, and xerostomia/hyposalivation post-RT would aid in devising a more comprehensive long-term management plan and novel therapeutic approaches for HNC patients to achieve the full benefits of RT while minimising side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jom Bhumitrakul
- King's College London GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Aroonwan Lam-Ubol
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Oranart Matangkasombut
- Department of Microbiology and Center of Excellence on Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
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2
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Sharma A, Jasrotia S, Kumar A. Effects of Chemotherapy on the Immune System: Implications for Cancer Treatment and Patient Outcomes. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2551-2566. [PMID: 37906273 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02781-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a cornerstone of cancer treatment, but it can also induce immune suppression, which can have significant implications for patient outcomes. This review paper aims to give a general overview of how chemotherapy affects the immune system and how it affects cancer treatment. Chemotherapy can directly affect immune cells, leading to cytotoxic effects, cell differentiation and function alterations, and cell communication and signaling pathways disruptions. Such immune suppression can weaken the anti-tumor immune response and increase the risk of immune-related toxicities. Understanding the mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced immune suppression is crucial for optimizing treatment strategies. Strategies to mitigate immune suppression include immunomodulatory agents as adjuvants to chemotherapy, combination therapies to enhance immune function, and supportive care measures of the immune system. Additionally, identifying potential biomarkers to predict immune suppression and guide treatment decisions holds promise for personalized cancer medicine. Future directions in this field involve further elucidating underlying mechanisms, exploring novel combination therapies, and developing targeted interventions to minimize immune suppression. By understanding and addressing chemotherapy-induced immune suppression, we can optimize cancer treatment strategies, enhance the anti-tumor immune response, and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Sharma
- Department of Biosciences (UIBT), Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Shivam Jasrotia
- Department of Biosciences (UIBT), Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India.
| | - Ajay Kumar
- University Center for Research & Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
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3
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Daniel IK, Njue OM, Sanad YM. Antimicrobial Effects of Plant-Based Supplements on Gut Microbial Diversity in Small Ruminants. Pathogens 2023; 13:31. [PMID: 38251338 PMCID: PMC10819137 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Every year in the United States, approximately 48 million people are affected by bacterial illnesses that are transmitted through food, leading to 3000 fatalities. These illnesses typically stem from food animals and their by-products, which may harbor dangerous pathogens like Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Campylobacter jejuni. Factors that contribute to contamination include manure used as a soil amendment, exposure to polluted irrigation water, and contact with animals. To improve food safety, researchers are studying pre-slaughter intervention methods to eliminate bacterial contamination in live animals. While small ruminants are vital to global agriculture and income generation for small farms, traditional feeding practices involve supplements and antibiotics to boost performance, which contributes to antibiotic resistance. Hence, researchers are looking for friendly bacterial strains that enhance both animal and human health without impacting livestock productivity. The global trend is to minimize the use of antibiotics as feed supplements, with many countries prohibiting or limiting their use. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive insight on the antioxidant capabilities, therapeutic attributes, and applications of bioactive compounds derived from sweet potato tops (SPTs), rice bran (RB) and radish tops (RTs). This overview provides an insight on plant parts that are abundant in antioxidant and prebiotic effects and could be used as value-added products in animal feed and pharmaceutical applications. This review was based on previous findings that supplementation of basal diets with natural supplements represents a multifaceted intervention that will become highly important over time. By remarkably reducing the burden of foodborne pathogens, they apply to multiple species, are cheap, do not require withdrawal periods, and can be applied at any time in food animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian K. Daniel
- Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Obadiah M. Njue
- Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA
| | - Yasser M. Sanad
- Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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4
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Jahanshahi A, Nami S, Hosein Pour Feizi AA, Alihosseini S, Jaberinezhad M, Abdollahi M, Rahimi F, Falahatian M. Muscular and hepatosplenic candidiasis in a patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia: A case report and literature review. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7700. [PMID: 37476594 PMCID: PMC10354359 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message Muscular and subcutaneous candidiasis is a rare entity in immunocompromised patients, but it should be kept in mind when we see multiple cystic soft tissue masses in addition to target-shaped hepatosplenic lesions in neutropenic patients. US and MRI are useful imaging modalities for the diagnosis and follow-up of these patients. Abstract Soft tissue candidiasis is an opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients and must always be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible. In this case report, the patient is a 14-year-old boy with acute myeloid leukemia M3-type who presented with numerous soft tissue and hepatosplenic candidal abscesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Jahanshahi
- Medical Radiation Sciences Research GroupTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of RadiologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Sanam Nami
- Department of Parasitology and MycologySchool of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | | | - Samin Alihosseini
- Medical Radiation Sciences Research GroupTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of RadiologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | | | - Mirsaeed Abdollahi
- Cardiovascular Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Faezeh Rahimi
- Department of RadiologyZanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjanIran
| | - Masih Falahatian
- Medical Radiation Sciences Research GroupTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of RadiologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
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5
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Diniz-Lima I, da Fonseca LM, Dos Reis JS, Decote-Ricardo D, Morrot A, Previato JO, Previato LM, Freire-de-Lima CG, Freire-de-Lima L. Non-self glycan structures as possible modulators of cancer progression: would polysaccharides from Cryptococcus spp. impact this phenomenon? Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:907-919. [PMID: 36840821 PMCID: PMC10235250 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00936-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are responsible for a large number of annual deaths. Most cases are closely related to patients in a state of immunosuppression, as is the case of patients undergoing chemotherapy. Cancer patients are severely affected by the worrisome proportions that an IFI can take during cancer progression, especially in an already immunologically and metabolically impaired patient. There is scarce knowledge about strategies to mitigate cancer progression in these cases, beyond conventional treatment with antifungal drugs with a narrow therapeutic range. However, in recent years, ample evidence has surfaced describing the possible interferences that IFI may have both on the progression of pre-existing cancers and in the induction of newly transformed cells. The leading gambit for modulation of tumor progression comes from the ability of fungal virulence factors to modulate the host's immune system, since they are found in considerable concentrations in the tumor microenvironment during infection. In this context, cryptococcosis is of particular concern, since the main virulence factor of the pathogenic yeast is its polysaccharide capsule, which carries constituents with high immunomodulatory properties and cytotoxic potential. Therefore, we open a discussion on what has already been described regarding the progression of cryptococcosis in the context of cancer progression, and the possible implications that fungal glycan structures may take in both cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Diniz-Lima
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Marques da Fonseca
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Jhenifer Santos Dos Reis
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Debora Decote-Ricardo
- Departamento de Microbiologia E Imunologia Veterinária, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Morrot
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Jose Osvaldo Previato
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Lucia Mendonça Previato
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Celio Geraldo Freire-de-Lima
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Freire-de-Lima
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.
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6
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Talapko J, Meštrović T, Dmitrović B, Juzbašić M, Matijević T, Bekić S, Erić S, Flam J, Belić D, Petek Erić A, Milostić Srb A, Škrlec I. A Putative Role of Candida albicans in Promoting Cancer Development: A Current State of Evidence and Proposed Mechanisms. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1476. [PMID: 37374978 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a commensal fungal species that commonly colonizes the human body, but it is also a pervasive opportunistic pathogen in patients with malignant diseases. A growing body of evidence suggests that this fungus is not only coincidental in oncology patients, but may also play an active role in the development of cancer. More specifically, several studies have investigated the potential association between C. albicans and various types of cancer, including oral, esophageal, and colorectal cancer, with a possible role of this species in skin cancer as well. The proposed mechanisms include the production of carcinogenic metabolites, modulation of the immune response, changes in cell morphology, microbiome alterations, biofilm production, the activation of oncogenic signaling pathways, and the induction of chronic inflammation. These mechanisms may act together or independently to promote cancer development. Although more research is needed to fully grasp the potential role of C. albicans in carcinogenesis, the available evidence suggests that this species may be an active contributor and underscores the importance of considering the impact of the human microbiome on cancer pathogenesis. In this narrative review, we aimed to summarize the current state of evidence and offer some insights into proposed mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasminka Talapko
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Meštrović
- University Centre Varaždin, University North, 42000 Varaždin, Croatia
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation and the Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Branko Dmitrović
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Martina Juzbašić
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Matijević
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Sanja Bekić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Family Medicine Practice, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Suzana Erić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Josipa Flam
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Dino Belić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anamarija Petek Erić
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Andrea Milostić Srb
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Škrlec
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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7
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Liu N, Tu J, Huang Y, Yang W, Wang Q, Li Z, Sheng C. Target- and prodrug-based design for fungal diseases and cancer-associated fungal infections. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 197:114819. [PMID: 37024014 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are emerging as a serious threat to public health and are associated with high incidence and mortality. IFIs also represent a frequent complication in patients with cancer who are undergoing chemotherapy. However, effective and safe antifungal agents remain limited, and the development of severe drug resistance further undermines the efficacy of antifungal therapy. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel antifungal agents to treat life-threatening fungal diseases, especially those with new mode of action, favorable pharmacokinetic profiles, and anti-resistance activity. In this review, we summarize new antifungal targets and target-based inhibitor design, with a focus on their antifungal activity, selectivity, and mechanism. We also illustrate the prodrug design strategy used to improve the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic profiles of antifungal agents. Dual-targeting antifungal agents offer a new strategy for the treatment of resistant infections and cancer-associated fungal infections.
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8
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Tsantes AG, Altsitzioglou P, Papadopoulos DV, Lorenzo D, Romanò CL, Benzakour T, Tsukamoto S, Errani C, Angelini A, Mavrogenis AF. Infections of Tumor Prostheses: An Updated Review on Risk Factors, Microbiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Strategies. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020314. [PMID: 36829589 PMCID: PMC9953401 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Several causes contribute to the high infection rate in tumor prostheses, including extensive tissue dissection and patients' immunosuppression due to the neoplastic disease. Most of these infections develop within the first 2 years following surgery with 70% of them occurring during the first year, while they are often associated with a low pathogen burden. The pathogenesis of infections in tumor prostheses is linked to bacteria developing in biofilms. Approximately half of them are caused by Staphylococcus spp., followed by Streptococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., and Enterobacteriaceae spp., while multiple pathogens may be isolated in up to 25% of the cases, with coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) and Enterococccus spp. being the most frequent pair. Although early detection and timely management are essential for complete resolution of these challenging infections, prompt diagnosis is problematic due to the highly varying clinical symptoms and the lack of specific preoperative and intraoperative diagnostic tests. Surgical management with one- or two-stage revision surgery is the mainstay for successful eradication of these infections. The recent advances in laboratory diagnostics and the development of biofilm-resistant prostheses over the past years have been areas of great interest, as research is now focused on prevention strategies. The aim of this study is to review and consolidate the current knowledge regarding the epidemiology, risk factors, microbiology, and diagnosis of infections of tumor prostheses, and to review the current concepts for their treatment and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas G. Tsantes
- Microbiology Department, “Saint Savvas” Oncology Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit, “Attiko” Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Pavlos Altsitzioglou
- First Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios V. Papadopoulos
- 2nd Academic Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 14233 Athens, Greece
| | - Drago Lorenzo
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Shinji Tsukamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Costantino Errani
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Angelini
- Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Oncology, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Andreas F. Mavrogenis
- First Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-6542800
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9
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Huang Y, Liu N, Pan Z, Li Z, Sheng C. BET-HDAC Dual Inhibitors for Combinational Treatment of Breast Cancer and Concurrent Candidiasis. J Med Chem 2023; 66:1239-1253. [PMID: 36622852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is susceptible to Candida infections, and candidiasis has an enhancing effect on the progression and metastasis of tumor. Breast cancer and concurrent candidiasis represent a significant challenge in clinical therapy. Herein, a series of novel small molecule inhibitors simultaneously targeting bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) were designed for combinational treatment of breast cancer and resistant Candida albicans infections. Among them, compounds 13c and 17b exhibited excellent and balanced inhibitory activity against both BET family proteins BRD4 and HDAC1. As compared with BRD4 or HDAC1 inhibitors, dual inhibitors 13c and 17b displayed improved in vivo antitumor efficacy in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer xenograft models. Notably, they synergized with fluconazole (FLC) to effectively reduce the kidney fungal burden in a murine model of disseminated candidiasis. Thus, the BET-HDAC dual inhibitors represented a novel therapeutic strategy for combinational treatment of breast cancer and concurrent candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhizhi Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Xueren Road 2, Dali 671000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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10
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Candida albicans Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Dependent Lethality and ROS-Independent Hyphal and Biofilm Inhibition by Eugenol and Citral. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0318322. [PMID: 36394350 PMCID: PMC9769929 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03183-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is part of the normal human flora but is most frequently isolated as the causative opportunistic pathogen of candidiasis. Plant-based essential oils and their components have been extensively studied as antimicrobials, but their antimicrobial impacts are poorly understood. Phenylpropenoids and monoterpenes, for example, eugenol from clove and citral from lemon grass, are potent antifungals against a wide range of pathogens. We report the cellular response of C. albicans to eugenol and citral, alone and combined, using biochemical and microscopic assays. The MICs of eugenol and citral were 1,000 and 256 μg/mL, respectively, with the two exhibiting additive effects based on a fractional inhibitory concentration index of 0.83 ± 0.14. High concentrations of eugenol caused membrane damage, oxidative stress, vacuole segregation, microtubule dysfunction and cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase, and while citral had similar impacts, they were reactive oxygen species (ROS) independent. At sublethal concentrations (1/2 to 1/4 MIC), both oils disrupted microtubules and hyphal and biofilm formation in an ROS-independent manner. While both compounds disrupt the cell membrane, eugenol had a greater impact on membrane dysfunction. This study shows that eugenol and citral can induce vacuole and microtubule dysfunction, along with the inhibition of hyphal and biofilm formation. IMPORTANCE Candida albicans is a normal resident on and in the human body that can cause relatively benign infections. However, when our immune system is severely compromised (e.g., cancer chemotherapy patients) or underdeveloped (e.g., newborns), this fungus can become a deadly pathogen, infecting the bloodstream and organs. Since there are only a few effective antifungal agents that can be used to combat fungal infections, these fungi have been exposed to them over and over again, allowing the fungi to develop resistance. Instead of developing antifungal agents that kill the fungi, some of which have undesirable side effects on the human host, researchers have proposed to target the fungal traits that make the fungus more virulent. Here, we show how two components of plant-based essential oils, eugenol and citral, are effective inhibitors of C. albicans virulence traits.
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11
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Shafahi A, Sharifpour A, Ghadirzadeh E, Taheri A, Fakhar M, Soleymani M. Molecular proof for
Lophomonas
infection in a patient with history of breast cancer. Respirol Case Rep 2022; 10:e01027. [PMID: 36051364 PMCID: PMC9420100 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a 52‐year‐old patient with a history of breast cancer (BC) referred to the clinic of Afzalipour Hospital, in Kerman, eastern Iran, with a 1‐week complaint of restless dyspnea. A chest computed tomography scan revealed consolidations in the upper lobes of both lungs. The patient had no history of smoking or underlying diseases that would predispose her to consolidation, including pneumonia. Then, bronchoscopy was performed for the patient, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was sent to the Iranian National Registry Center, where the Lophomonas parasite was detected in the sample and confirmed using a polymerase chain reaction test. Finally, her symptoms improved by receiving oral metronidazole three times a day for 3 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Shafahi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Ali Sharifpour
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis (INRCL) Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran
| | - Erfan Ghadirzadeh
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis (INRCL) Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran
| | - Amirmasoud Taheri
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis (INRCL) Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran
| | - Mahdi Fakhar
- Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis (INRCL), Imam Khomeini Hospital Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran
| | - Mostafa Soleymani
- Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis (INRCL), Imam Khomeini Hospital Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran
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12
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Debta P, Swain SK, Sahu MC, Abuderman AA, Alzahrani KJ, Banjer HJ, Qureshi AA, Bakri MMH, Sarode GS, Patro S, Siddhartha S, Patil S. Evaluation of Candidiasis in Upper-Aerodigestive Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients—A Clinico-Mycological Aspect. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148510. [PMID: 35886361 PMCID: PMC9318475 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Candida is a commensal yeast. It can be infective when the host’s defense mechanism is weakened, as in the case of squamous cell carcinoma patients. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and clinical mycological manifestation of candidiasis in 150 cancer cases comprised of preoperative and post-operative (with or without radiotherapy) upper aerodigestive squamous cell carcinoma. A total of 150 patients suffering from squamous cell carcinoma of the Upper Aero-Digestive Tract (UADT) were divided into preoperative (n = 48), post-operative without radiotherapy (n = 29) and post-operative with radiotherapy (n = 73). Samples were collected using cotton swabs and cultured. Candida species were identified according to color pigmentation on Candida Differential Agar (CDA) plate. The clinico-mycological association of patients was evaluated by the chi-square test, and 98 out of 150 patients showed the presence of various Candida species. The major species isolated was Candida albicans (53%), followed by Candida tropicalis (16%). There was a significant statistical difference between patients who showed mycological associations and patients who did not have any such association (p = 0.0008). The prevalence of oral candidiasis was found to be 65.33% among total cases of upper aero-digestive squamous cell carcinoma. Chronic erythematous cases of candidiasis were mainly seen in preoperative squamous cell carcinoma cases, whereas the acute erythematous type of candidiasis was mainly seen in post-operative cases who received radiotherapy. The clinicomycological assessment can help to correlate the signs and symptoms with the presence of candidiasis in upper aerodigestive squamous cell carcinoma patients. Meticulous testing and examination can help in the early detection of candidiasis. Future studies are needed to develop advance scientific preventive strategies for high-risk cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Debta
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to Be University, K8, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India; or
| | - Santosh Kumar Swain
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to Be University, K8, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India;
| | | | - Abdulwahab A. Abuderman
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Price Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 16278, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khalid J. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (K.J.A.); (H.J.B.)
| | - Hamsa Jameel Banjer
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (K.J.A.); (H.J.B.)
| | - Ahtesham Ahmad Qureshi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.Q.); (M.M.H.B.)
| | - Mohammed Mousa H. Bakri
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.Q.); (M.M.H.B.)
| | - Gargi S. Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India; or
| | - Sangram Patro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hi-Tech Dental College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar 751007, Odisha, India;
| | - Saswati Siddhartha
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Hi-Tech Dental College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar 751007, Odisha, India;
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence:
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Parslow BY, Thornton CR. Continuing Shifts in Epidemiology and Antifungal Susceptibility Highlight the Need for Improved Disease Management of Invasive Candidiasis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061208. [PMID: 35744725 PMCID: PMC9228503 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive candidiasis (IC) is a systemic life-threatening infection of immunocompromised humans, but remains a relatively neglected disease among public health authorities. Ongoing assessments of disease epidemiology are needed to identify and map trends of importance that may necessitate improvements in disease management and patient care. Well-established incidence increases, largely due to expanding populations of patients with pre-disposing risk factors, has led to increased clinical use and pressures on antifungal drugs. This has been exacerbated by a lack of fast, accurate diagnostics that have led treatment guidelines to often recommend preventative strategies in the absence of proven infection, resulting in unnecessary antifungal use in many instances. The consequences of this are multifactorial, but a contribution to emerging drug resistance is of primary concern, with high levels of antifungal use heavily implicated in global shifts to more resistant Candida strains. Preserving and expanding the utility and number of antifungals should therefore be of the highest priority. This may be achievable through the development and use of biomarker tests, bringing about a new era in improved antifungal stewardship, as well as novel antifungals that offer favorable profiles by targeting Candida pathogenesis mechanisms over cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Y. Parslow
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK;
| | - Christopher R. Thornton
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
- Correspondence:
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Gao A, Kouznetsova VL, Tsigelny IF. Machine-Learning-Based Virtual Screening to Repurpose Drugs for Treatment of Candida albicans Infection. Mycoses 2022; 65:794-805. [PMID: 35639510 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 30% of Candida genus isolates are resistant to all currently available antifungal drugs and it is highly important to develop new treatments. Additionally, many current drugs are toxic and cause unwanted side effects. 1,3-beta-glucan synthase is an essential enzyme that builds the cell walls of Candida. OBJECTIVES Targeting CaFKS1, a subunit of the synthase, could be used to fight Candida. METHODS In the present study, a machine-learning model based on chemical descriptors was trained to recognize drugs that inhibit CaFKS1. The model attained 96.72% accuracy for classifying between active and inactive drug compounds. Descriptors for FDA-approved and other drugs were calculated and the model was used to predict the potential activity of these drugs against CaFKS1. RESULTS Several drugs, including goserelin and icatibant, were detected as active with high confidence. Many of the drugs, interestingly, were gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists or agonists. A literature search found that five of the predicted drugs inhibit Candida experimentally. CONCLUSIONS This study yields promising drugs to be repurposed to combat Candida albicans infection. Future steps include testing the drugs on fungal cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Gao
- REHS Program, San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, Calif, USA.,MAP Program, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, Calif, USA
| | - Valentina L Kouznetsova
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, Calif, USA.,BiAna, La Jolla, Calif, USA
| | - Igor F Tsigelny
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, Calif, USA.,BiAna, La Jolla, Calif, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, Calif, USA
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Lai WC, Hsu HC, Cheng CW, Wang SH, Li WC, Hsieh PS, Tseng TL, Lin TH, Shieh JC. Filament Negative Regulator CDC4 Suppresses Glycogen Phosphorylase Encoded GPH1 that Impacts the Cell Wall-Associated Features in Candida albicans. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8030233. [PMID: 35330235 PMCID: PMC8949380 DOI: 10.3390/jof8030233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously identified Candida albicans GPH1 (orf19.7021) whose protein product was associated with C. albicans Cdc4. The GPH1 gene is a putative glycogen phosphorylase because its Saccharomyces cerevisiae homolog participates in glycogen catabolism, which involves the synthesis of β-glucan of the fungal cell wall. We made a strain whose CaCDC4 expression is repressed, and GPH1 is constitutively expressed. We established a GPH1 null mutant strain and used it to conduct the in vitro virulence assays that detect cell wall function. The in vitro virulence assay is centered on biofilm formation in which analytic procedures are implemented to evaluate cell surface hydrophobicity; competence, either in stress resistance, germ tube formation, or fibronection association; and the XTT-based adhesion and biofilm formation. We showed that the constitutively expressed GPH1 partially suppresses filamentation when the CaCDC4 expression is repressed. The C. albicans Gph1 protein is reduced in the presence of CaCdc4 in comparison with the absence of CaCdc4. Compared with the wild-type strain, the gph1Δ/gph1Δ mutant displayed a reduction in the capability to form germ tubes and the cell surface hydrophobicity but an increase in binding with fibronectin. Compared with the wild-type strain, the gph1Δ/gph1Δ mutant showed a rise in adhesion, the initial stage of biofilm formation, but displayed a similar capacity to form a mature biofilm. There was no major impact on the gph1Δ/gph1Δ mutant regarding the conditions of cell wall damaging and TOR pathway-associated nutrient depletion. We conclude that GPH1, adversely regulated by the filament suppressor CDC4, contributes to cell wall function in C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chung Lai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan; (W.-C.L.); (H.-C.H.); (W.C.L.); (P.-S.H.); (T.-L.T.); (T.-H.L.)
| | - Hsiao-Chi Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan; (W.-C.L.); (H.-C.H.); (W.C.L.); (P.-S.H.); (T.-L.T.); (T.-H.L.)
| | - Chun-Wen Cheng
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Shao-Hung Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan;
| | - Wan Chen Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan; (W.-C.L.); (H.-C.H.); (W.C.L.); (P.-S.H.); (T.-L.T.); (T.-H.L.)
| | - Po-Szu Hsieh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan; (W.-C.L.); (H.-C.H.); (W.C.L.); (P.-S.H.); (T.-L.T.); (T.-H.L.)
| | - Tzu-Ling Tseng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan; (W.-C.L.); (H.-C.H.); (W.C.L.); (P.-S.H.); (T.-L.T.); (T.-H.L.)
| | - Ting-Hui Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan; (W.-C.L.); (H.-C.H.); (W.C.L.); (P.-S.H.); (T.-L.T.); (T.-H.L.)
| | - Jia-Ching Shieh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan; (W.-C.L.); (H.-C.H.); (W.C.L.); (P.-S.H.); (T.-L.T.); (T.-H.L.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
- Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-424-730-022 (ext. 11806); Fax: +886-424-757-412
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16
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Delgado A, Guddati AK. Infections in Hospitalized Cancer Patients. World J Oncol 2022; 12:195-205. [PMID: 35059079 PMCID: PMC8734501 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer patients are at an increased risk of developing infections that are primarily treatment-driven but may also be malignancy-driven. While cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery have been known to improve malignancy morbidity and mortality, they also have the potential to weaken immune defenses and induce periods of severe cytopenia. These adverse effects pave the way for opportunistic infections to complicate a hospitalized cancer patient's clinical course. Understanding the risk each patient inherently has for developing a bacterial, fungal, or viral infection is critical to choosing the correct prophylactic treatment in conjunction with their scheduled cancer therapy. This review discusses the most common types of infections found in hospitalized cancer patients as well as the current guidelines for prophylactic and antimicrobial treatment in cancer patients. In addition, it describes the interaction between antibiotics and cancer therapies for consideration when treating infection in a cancer patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Delgado
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Achuta Kumar Guddati
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Alkhuwailidy HAM, Alrufae MM. DNA SEQUENCING OF NOVEL YEAST ISOLATED FROM BLOODSTREAM INFECTIONS IN AL-NAJAF PROVINCE. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2022; 75:774-780. [PMID: 35633346 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202204105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: To identify of fungal isolates using PCR techniques with universal primer (ITS1-ITS4 and ITS3-ITS4). A total of 533 blood samples from cancer patients, renal failure patients and patients who underwent cardiac catheterization have been included in this study. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: Devices and tools were used to preceding the study as shown in table (I), while biological and chemical materials are given in table (II). RESULTS Results: Three groups, 44 isolates of Candida spp were isolated: 35(79.6%) isolates from cancer patients, 6(13.6%) isolates from patients with renal failure, and 3 (6.8%) isolates from patients with cardiac catheterization. These yeasts were diagnosed by conventional methods and by CHROMagar Candida medium, as well as by molecular methods to detect the regions of ITS2, ITS1, and the isolates were diagnosed as belonging to the yeast Candida spp. These isolates were also diagnosed using DNA sequencing detection technology and 12 new strains were recorded for the first time In the name of the researcher by the Japan Gene Bank. CONCLUSION Conclusions: It was concluded that there was high susceptibility of the polymerase chain reaction technique based on ITS 1, ITS2 primers in diagnosing the types of yeasts isolated from the bloodstream with high accuracy and speed compared to other traditional methods. Therefore, the DNA sequencing method is considered one of the best rapid standard methods for the diagnosis of fungi.
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Interplay between Candida albicans and Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Gastrointestinal Tract: Impact on Colonization Resistance, Microbial Carriage, Opportunistic Infection, and Host Immunity. Clin Microbiol Rev 2021; 34:e0032320. [PMID: 34259567 PMCID: PMC8404691 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00323-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies have highlighted the disproportionate role of Candida albicans in influencing both early community assembly of the bacterial microbiome and dysbiosis during allergic diseases and intestinal inflammation. Nonpathogenic colonization of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract by C. albicans is common, and the role of this single fungal species in modulating bacterial community reassembly after broad-spectrum antibiotics can be readily recapitulated in mouse studies. One of the most notable features of C. albicans-associated dysbiotic states is a marked change in the levels of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). C. albicans and LAB share metabolic niches throughout the GI tract, and in vitro studies have identified various interactions between these microbes. The two predominant LAB affected are Lactobacillus species and Enterococcus species. Lactobacilli can antagonize enterococci and C. albicans, while Enterococcus faecalis and C. albicans have been reported to exhibit a mutualistic relationship. E. faecalis and C. albicans are also causative agents of a variety of life-threatening infections, are frequently isolated together from mixed-species infections, and share certain similarities in clinical presentation-most notably their emergence as opportunistic pathogens following disruption of the microbiota. In this review, we discuss and model the mechanisms used by Lactobacillus species, E. faecalis, and C. albicans to modulate each other's growth and virulence in the GI tract. With multidrug-resistant E. faecalis and C. albicans strains becoming increasingly common in hospital settings, examining the interplay between these three microbes may provide novel insights for enhancing the efficacy of existing antimicrobial therapies.
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de Oliveira Cardoso E, Santiago KB, Conti BJ, Conte FL, Tasca KI, Romagnoli GG, de Assis Golim M, Rainho CA, Bastos JK, Sforcin JM. Brazilian green propolis: A novel tool to improve the cytotoxic and immunomodulatory action of docetaxel on MCF-7 breast cancer cells and on women monocyte. Phytother Res 2021; 36:448-461. [PMID: 34862831 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Docetaxel (DTX) is used against breast cancer despite its side effects such as toxicity and immunosuppression. Here we investigated the cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects of the ethanol solution extract of propolis (EEP) in combination with DTX on MCF-7 breast cancer cells and on women's monocyte. The cytotoxic potential of EEP + DTX was assessed by MTT assay and the type of tumor cell death was evaluated by flow cytometry. The effects of EEP + DTX on the migration and invasion of MCF-7 cells were analyzed. Cytokine production by monocytes was assessed by ELISA and the expression of cell surface markers was evaluated by flow cytometry. We also assessed the fungicidal activity of monocytes against Candida albicans and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Finally, the impact of the supernatants of treated monocytes in the viability, migration, and invasiveness of tumor cells was assessed. EEP enhanced the cytotoxicity of DTX alone against MCF-7 cells by inducing necrosis and inhibiting their migratory ability. EEP + DTX exerted no cytotoxic effects on monocytes and stimulated HLA-DR expression, TNF-α, and IL-6 production, exerted an immunorestorative action in the fungicidal activity, and reduced the oxidative stress. Our findings have practical implications and reveal new insights for complementary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza de Oliveira Cardoso
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Basso Santiago
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno José Conti
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Lopes Conte
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karen Ingrid Tasca
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marjorie de Assis Golim
- Botucatu Blood Center, School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Aparecida Rainho
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jairo Kenupp Bastos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - José Maurício Sforcin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Thomas-Rüddel D, Schlattmann P, Pletz M, Kurzai O, Bloos F. Risk factors for invasive candida infection in critically ill patients - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chest 2021; 161:345-355. [PMID: 34673022 PMCID: PMC8941622 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current guidelines recommend empirical antifungal therapy in patients with sepsis with high risk of invasive Candida infection. However, many different risk factors have been derived from multiple studies. These risk factors lack specificity, and broad application would render most ICU patients eligible for empirical antifungal therapy. Research Question What risk factors for invasive Candida infection can be identified by a systematic review and meta-analysis? Study Design and Methods We searched PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Biomed Central, and Cochrane and extracted the raw and adjusted OR for each risk factor associated with invasive Candida infection. We calculated pooled ORs for risk factors present in more than one study. Results We included 34 studies in our meta-analysis resulting in the assessment of 29 possible risk factors. Risk factors for invasive Candida infection included demographic factors, comorbid conditions, and medical interventions. Although demographic factors do not play a role for the development of invasive Candida infection, comorbid conditions (eg, HIV, Candida colonization) and medical interventions have a significant impact. The risk factors associated with the highest risk for invasive Candida infection were broad-spectrum antibiotics (OR, 5.6; 95% CI, 3.6-8.8), blood transfusion (OR, 4.9; 95% CI, 1.5-16.3), Candida colonization (OR, 4.7; 95% CI, 1.6-14.3), central venous catheter (OR, 4.7; 95% CI, 2.7-8.1), and total parenteral nutrition (OR, 4.6; 95% CI, 3.3-6.3). However, dependence between the various risk factors is probably high. Interpretation Our systematic review and meta-analysis identified patient- and treatment-related factors that were associated with the risk for the development of invasive Candida infection in the ICU. Most of the factors identified were either related to medical interventions during intensive care or to comorbid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Thomas-Rüddel
- Center for Sepsis Control & Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany;; Dept. of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany;.
| | - Peter Schlattmann
- Institut für Medizinische Statistik, Informatik und Datenwissenschaften (IMSID), Jena University Hospital Jena
| | - Mathias Pletz
- Center for Sepsis Control & Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany;; Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital Jena
| | - Oliver Kurzai
- Center for Sepsis Control & Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany;; National Reference Center for Invasive Fungal Infections NRZMyk, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knoell-Institute, Jena; University of Wuerzburg, Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, Germany
| | - Frank Bloos
- Center for Sepsis Control & Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany;; Dept. of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Thrombin-Derived C-Terminal Peptide Reduces Candida-Induced Inflammation and Infection In Vitro and In Vivo. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:e0103221. [PMID: 34424043 PMCID: PMC8522777 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01032-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections due to the opportunistic fungus Candida have been on the rise in the last decades, especially in immunocompromised individuals and hospital settings. Unfortunately, the treatments available today are limited. Thrombin-derived C-terminal peptide (TCP-25) is an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) with antibacterial and immunomodulatory effects. In this work, we, for the first time, demonstrate the ability of TCP-25 ability to counteract Candidain vitro and in vivo. Using a combination of viable count assay (VCA), radial diffusion assay (RDA), and fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy analyses, TCP-25 was found to exert a direct fungicidal activity. An inhibitory activity of TCP-25 on NF-κB activation induced by both zymosan alone and heat-killed C. albicans was demonstrated in vitro using THP-1 cells, and in vivo using NF-κB reporter mice. Moreover, the immunomodulatory property of TCP-25 was further substantiated in vitro by analyzing cytokine responses in human blood stimulated with zymosan, and in vivo employing a zymosan-induced peritonitis model in C57BL/6 mice. The therapeutic potential of TCP-25 was demonstrated in mice infected with luminescent C. albicans. Finally, the binding between TCP-25 and zymosan was investigated using circular dichroism spectroscopy and intrinsic fluorescence analysis. Taken together, our results show that TCP-25 has a dual function by inhibiting Candida as well as the associated zymosan-induced inflammation. The latter function is accompanied by a change in secondary structure upon binding to zymosan. TCP-25, therefore, shows promise as a novel drug candidate against Candida infections.
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22
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Villar CC, Dongari-Bagtzoglou A. Fungal diseases: Oral dysbiosis in susceptible hosts. Periodontol 2000 2021; 87:166-180. [PMID: 34463992 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The oral cavity is colonized by a large number of microorganisms that are referred to collectively as the oral microbiota. These indigenous microorganisms have evolved in symbiotic relationships with the oral mucosal immune system and are involved in maintaining homeostasis in the oral cavity. Although Candida species are commonly found in the healthy oral cavity without causing infection, these fungi can become pathogenic. Recents advances indicate that the development of oral candidiasis is driven both by Candida albicans overgrowth in a dysbiotic microbiome and by disturbances in the host's immune system. Perturbation of the oral microbiota triggered by host-extrinsic (ie, medications), host-intrinsic (ie, host genetics), and microbiome-intrinsic (ie, microbial interactions) factors may increase the risk of oral candidiasis. In this review, we provide an overview of the oral mycobiome, with a particular focus on the interactions of Candida albicans with some of the most common oral bacteria and the oral mucosal immune system. Also, we present a summary of our current knowledge of the host-intrinsic and host-extrinsic factors that can predispose to oral candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cunha Villar
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Dongari-Bagtzoglou
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
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Sah SK, Hayes JJ, Rustchenko E. The role of aneuploidy in the emergence of echinocandin resistance in human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009564. [PMID: 34043737 PMCID: PMC8158998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sudisht Kumar Sah
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Joseph Hayes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Elena Rustchenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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24
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Radix Astragali polysaccharide RAP directly protects hematopoietic stem cells from chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression by increasing FOS expression. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:1715-1722. [PMID: 34044030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Radix Astragali polysaccharide RAP has been reported to play a crucial role in hematopoiesis without a clear mechanism. In this study, RAP's effects to enhance the recovery of cyclophosphamide (Cy)-suppressed bone marrow and blood cells is confirmed in vivo first. Confocal micrographs demonstrated the interesting direct binding of FITC-RAP to hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in bone marrow. RAP protects both mice and human HSC in terms of cell morphology, proliferation, and apoptosis. RNA-sequencing and shRNA approaches revealed FOS to be a key regulator in RAP's protection. These evidences provide an unreported mechanism that RAP directly protects hematopoietic stem cells from chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression by increasing FOS expression.
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25
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d'Enfert C, Kaune AK, Alaban LR, Chakraborty S, Cole N, Delavy M, Kosmala D, Marsaux B, Fróis-Martins R, Morelli M, Rosati D, Valentine M, Xie Z, Emritloll Y, Warn PA, Bequet F, Bougnoux ME, Bornes S, Gresnigt MS, Hube B, Jacobsen ID, Legrand M, Leibundgut-Landmann S, Manichanh C, Munro CA, Netea MG, Queiroz K, Roget K, Thomas V, Thoral C, Van den Abbeele P, Walker AW, Brown AJP. The impact of the Fungus-Host-Microbiota interplay upon Candida albicans infections: current knowledge and new perspectives. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:fuaa060. [PMID: 33232448 PMCID: PMC8100220 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a major fungal pathogen of humans. It exists as a commensal in the oral cavity, gut or genital tract of most individuals, constrained by the local microbiota, epithelial barriers and immune defences. Their perturbation can lead to fungal outgrowth and the development of mucosal infections such as oropharyngeal or vulvovaginal candidiasis, and patients with compromised immunity are susceptible to life-threatening systemic infections. The importance of the interplay between fungus, host and microbiota in driving the transition from C. albicans commensalism to pathogenicity is widely appreciated. However, the complexity of these interactions, and the significant impact of fungal, host and microbiota variability upon disease severity and outcome, are less well understood. Therefore, we summarise the features of the fungus that promote infection, and how genetic variation between clinical isolates influences pathogenicity. We discuss antifungal immunity, how this differs between mucosae, and how individual variation influences a person's susceptibility to infection. Also, we describe factors that influence the composition of gut, oral and vaginal microbiotas, and how these affect fungal colonisation and antifungal immunity. We argue that a detailed understanding of these variables, which underlie fungal-host-microbiota interactions, will present opportunities for directed antifungal therapies that benefit vulnerable patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe d'Enfert
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, USC 2019 INRA, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Ann-Kristin Kaune
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Road West, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Leovigildo-Rey Alaban
- BIOASTER Microbiology Technology Institute, 40 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sayoni Chakraborty
- Microbial Immunology Research Group, Emmy Noether Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, and the Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Nathaniel Cole
- Gut Microbiology Group, Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Road West, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Margot Delavy
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, USC 2019 INRA, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Daria Kosmala
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, USC 2019 INRA, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Benoît Marsaux
- ProDigest BV, Technologiepark 94, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ricardo Fróis-Martins
- Immunology Section, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Moran Morelli
- Mimetas, Biopartner Building 2, J.H. Oortweg 19, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Diletta Rosati
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marisa Valentine
- Microbial Immunology Research Group, Emmy Noether Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, and the Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Zixuan Xie
- Gut Microbiome Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yoan Emritloll
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, USC 2019 INRA, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Peter A Warn
- Magic Bullet Consulting, Biddlecombe House, Ugbrook, Chudleigh Devon, TQ130AD, UK
| | - Frédéric Bequet
- BIOASTER Microbiology Technology Institute, 40 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, USC 2019 INRA, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Stephanie Bornes
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMRF0545, 20 Côte de Reyne, 15000 Aurillac, France
| | - Mark S Gresnigt
- Microbial Immunology Research Group, Emmy Noether Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, and the Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Microbial Immunology Research Group, Emmy Noether Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, and the Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ilse D Jacobsen
- Microbial Immunology Research Group, Emmy Noether Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, and the Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Mélanie Legrand
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, USC 2019 INRA, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Salomé Leibundgut-Landmann
- Immunology Section, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Chaysavanh Manichanh
- Gut Microbiome Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carol A Munro
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Road West, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Karla Queiroz
- Mimetas, Biopartner Building 2, J.H. Oortweg 19, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Karine Roget
- NEXBIOME Therapeutics, 22 allée Alan Turing, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vincent Thomas
- BIOASTER Microbiology Technology Institute, 40 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Claudia Thoral
- NEXBIOME Therapeutics, 22 allée Alan Turing, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Alan W Walker
- Gut Microbiology Group, Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Road West, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Alistair J P Brown
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
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26
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Alterations in the gut microbiota and metabolic profiles coincide with intestinal damage in mice with a bloodborne Candida albicans infection. Microb Pathog 2021; 154:104826. [PMID: 33689815 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungus that can threaten life especially in patients with candidemia. The morbidity and mortality of candidemia originating from a central venous catheter (CVC) and illicit intravenous drug use (IVDU) are increasing. However, the mechanism underlying the bloodborne C. albicans infection remains unclear. Herein, we evaluated the gut microbiome, metabolites and intestinal mucosa by constructing the mouse models with candidemia. Model mice were injected with C. albicans via tail vein. Control mice underwent sham procedures. We observed basic life characteristics, intestinal damage-related alterations using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, intestinal tight junction protein levels, and intestinal permeability in these mice. Fecal samples were analyzed by performing 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the microbiota and LC-MS metabolomics to reveal the perturbations in intestinal flora and metabolism exacerbating intestinal damage. Weight loss, a decreased survival rate, C. albicans infection spread, and colonic epithelial damage occurred in the model group. Furthermore, the intestinal flora abundance was reduced. Several probiotics, such as Lactobacillus, and butyrate-producing bacteria, including Roseburia, Lachnospiraceae, and Clostridia, were depleted, and some pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia-Shigella and Proteus, belonging to the Proteobacteria phylum, and the inflammation mediators Ruminococcus and Parabacteroides were enriched in model mice. Multiple differentially altered metabolic pathways were observed and mainly related to bile acid, arachidonic acid, bile secretion, and arachidonic acid metabolism. This study illustrated the effects of a bloodborne C. albicans on the intestinal microbiota, metabolites, and intestinal barrier, which may provide new insights into tests or treatments for candidemia originating from CVC or IVDU.
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Rybalkin M, Strelnikov L, Strilets O, Kaliuzhnaia O, Kutsenko S. Chemical Analysis and the Study of Quality Indicators of the Immunobiological Drug for Preventing and Treating Candidal Infections. CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.23939/chcht14.04.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Quality indicators such as protein content, polysaccharide content, phenol content, and pH of the developed vaccine solution for injection (VSI) “Candidocyde” based on cells of C. albicans and C. tropicalis fungi have been found to meet the standard requirements. It was determined that by the indicator of transparency and degree of turbidity the test solution is transparent, by the coloration degree it is colorless, by the sterility indicator it is sterile. The sterility period, determined after the first opening, is 8 hours. It was found that no solid particles were present in the solution; the container with the solution is hermetic; the volume of the container with a solution is not less than 5.0 ml. The test solution is stable for 2 years of storage at 275-265 K.
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28
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Jenks JD, Cornely OA, Chen SCA, Thompson GR, Hoenigl M. Breakthrough invasive fungal infections: Who is at risk? Mycoses 2020; 63:1021-1032. [PMID: 32744334 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The epidemiology of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in immunocompromised individuals has changed over the last few decades, partially due to the increased use of antifungal agents to prevent IFIs. Although this strategy has resulted in an overall reduction in IFIs, a subset of patients develop breakthrough IFIs with substantial morbidity and mortality in this population. Here, we review the most significant risk factors for breakthrough IFIs in haematology patients, solid organ transplant recipients, and patients in the intensive care unit, focusing particularly on host factors, and highlight areas that require future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Jenks
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Clinical and Translational Fungal-Working Group, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Oliver A Cornely
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department I of Internal Medicine, ECMM Center of Excellence for Medical Mycology, German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne (DZIF), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Clinical Trials Centre Cologne (ZKS Köln), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sharon C-A Chen
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital, and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - George R Thompson
- Department of Internal Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, UC-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Martin Hoenigl
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Clinical and Translational Fungal-Working Group, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Division of Pulmonology and Section of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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29
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Squarzanti DF, Zavattaro E, Pizzimenti S, Amoruso A, Savoia P, Azzimonti B. Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: news from microbiota research. Crit Rev Microbiol 2020; 46:433-449. [PMID: 32692305 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1794792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, research has been deeply focusing on the role of the microbiota in numerous diseases, either affecting the skin or other organs. What it is well established is that its dysregulation promotes several cutaneous disorders (i.e. psoriasis and atopic dermatitis). To date, little is known about its composition, mediators and role in the genesis, progression and response to therapy of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer (NMSC). Starting from a bibliographic study, we classified the selected articles into four sections: i) normal skin microbiota; ii) in vitro study models; iii) microbiota and NMSC and iv) probiotics, antibiotics and NMSC. What has emerged is how skin microflora changes, mainly represented by increases of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, modifications in the mutual quantity of β-Human papillomavirus genotypes, of Epstein Barr Virus and Malassezia or candidiasis, may contribute to the induction of a state of chronic self-maintaining inflammation, leading to cancer. In this context, the role of S. aureus and that of specific antimicrobial peptides look to be prominent. Moreover, although antibiotics may contribute to carcinogenesis, due to their ability to influence the microbiota balance, specific probiotics, such as Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533 and Bifidobacteria spp., may be protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Francesca Squarzanti
- Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy.,Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), DiSS, UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Elisa Zavattaro
- Department of Translational Medicine (DiMeT), UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Stefania Pizzimenti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences (DSCB), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Paola Savoia
- Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Barbara Azzimonti
- Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy.,Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), DiSS, UPO, Novara, Italy
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30
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Dworecka-Kaszak B, Biegańska MJ, Dąbrowska I. Occurrence of various pathogenic and opportunistic fungi in skin diseases of domestic animals: a retrospective study. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:248. [PMID: 32680509 PMCID: PMC7367223 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fungal infection of animals or humans are common all over the world. Some of microorganisms like fungi, exist on the skin and can be transmitted onto other individuals, other animal species or even humans and cause skin infections. Moreover, they can be the causative agents of severe generalized infections especially in immunocompromised individuals. The study aimed to evaluate the most frequent etiological agents of skin diseases and to compare the prevalence of animal fungal infections in Poland, and to discuss the possibility of transmission to humans in Poland. Results The obtained results are culture based. The fungi most frequently isolated from group of animals with skin lesions were Malassezia pachydermatis (29.14%), and Candida yeasts (27.07%), and dermatophytes (23.5%), including Microsporum canis as majority of them (59.25%), and Trichophyton genus (40.7%), most of them T. mentagrophytes, while Malassezia pachydermatis represented (80%) of isolates in animals with otitis externa. In over 19% of positive fungal cultures obtained from external ear canals Candida yeasts, mainly C. albicans, were identified. Conclusions Dermatomycoses in companion animals are caused by both, mycelial fungi and yeasts. Most frequently isolated were Malassezia pachydermatis and Candida spp. Dermatophytes (Trichophyton, Microsporum), were also cultured, but the total number of these isolates seems to decrease. We have not found Cryptococcus neoformans in tested clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bożena Dworecka-Kaszak
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-784, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata J Biegańska
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-784, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Iwona Dąbrowska
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-784, Warsaw, Poland
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Şener Cemaloğlu Ö, Ogutcu H, Hayvalı Z. Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activities of novel double-armed benzo-15-crown-5 and their sodium and potassium complexes. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519820932264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
New aldehyde- and halogen- (Cl, Br, I) substituted double-armed benzo-15-crown-5 derivatives are synthesized by the reactions of 4′,5′-bis(bromomethyl)benzo-15-crown-5 with 5-chlorosalicylaldehyde, 5-bromosalicylaldehyde, or 5-iodosalicylaldehyde. The sodium and potassium complexes are obtained by reaction of crown ether with sodium perchlorate and potassium iodide, respectively. Novel Schiff base compounds containing three groups of benzo-15-crown-5 are obtained from the condensation of aldehydes with 4′-aminobenzo-15-crown-5. The structures of all compounds are elucidated by elemental analysis, 1H, 13C NMR, IR, and mass spectra. The antifungal and antibacterial effects of the synthesized ligands are evaluated against pathogenic microorganisms and show varying degrees of inhibitory effects against the growth of different pathogenic strains. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Öznur Şener Cemaloğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hatice Ogutcu
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Hayvalı
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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32
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Đurić SŽ, Mojicevic M, Vojnovic S, Wadepohl H, Andrejević TP, Stevanović NL, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Djuran MI, Glišić BĐ. Silver(I) complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline-based ligands: The influence of epoxide function on the complex structure and biological activity. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Yang F, Teoh F, Tan ASM, Cao Y, Pavelka N, Berman J. Aneuploidy Enables Cross-Adaptation to Unrelated Drugs. Mol Biol Evol 2020; 36:1768-1782. [PMID: 31028698 PMCID: PMC6657732 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msz104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy is common both in tumor cells responding to chemotherapeutic agents and in fungal cells adapting to antifungal drugs. Because aneuploidy simultaneously affects many genes, it has the potential to confer multiple phenotypes to the same cells. Here, we analyzed the mechanisms by which Candida albicans, the most prevalent human fungal pathogen, acquires the ability to survive both chemotherapeutic agents and antifungal drugs. Strikingly, adaptation to both types of drugs was accompanied by the acquisition of specific whole-chromosome aneuploidies, with some aneuploid karyotypes recovered independently and repeatedly from very different drug conditions. Specifically, strains selected for survival in hydroxyurea, an anticancer drug, acquired cross-adaptation to caspofungin, a first-line antifungal drug, and both acquired traits were attributable to trisomy of the same chromosome: loss of trisomy was accompanied by loss of adaptation to both drugs. Mechanistically, aneuploidy simultaneously altered the copy number of most genes on chromosome 2, yet survival in hydroxyurea or caspofungin required different genes and stress response pathways. Similarly, chromosome 5 monosomy conferred increased tolerance to both fluconazole and to caspofungin, antifungals with different mechanisms of action. Thus, the potential for cross-adaptation is not a feature of aneuploidy per se; rather, it is dependent on specific genes harbored on given aneuploid chromosomes. Furthermore, pre-exposure to hydroxyurea increased the frequency of appearance of caspofungin survivors, and hydroxyurea-adapted C. albicans cells were refractory to antifungal drug treatment in a mouse model of systemic candidiasis. This highlights the potential clinical consequences for the management of cancer chemotherapy patients at risk of fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Flora Teoh
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Alrina Shin Min Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Yongbing Cao
- Department of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai TCM-Integrated Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Norman Pavelka
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Judith Berman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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34
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Dhaliwal J, Murang Z, Ramasamy DR, Venkatasalu M. Oral microbiological evidence among palliative patients: An integrated systematic review. Indian J Palliat Care 2020; 26:110-115. [PMID: 32132794 PMCID: PMC7017706 DOI: 10.4103/ijpc.ijpc_178_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Life-limiting diseases such as cancers and its related treatments often compromise normal oral microbial flora and predispose a palliative patient to diverse oral infections. Knowledge on microbial flora in the oral cavity of patients with life-limiting diseases is essential to develop treatment options for clinical practitioners. This review aimed to systematically synthesize the published evidence on the oral microbiology of palliative patients. An integrative review was undertaken with defined search strategy from five databases with manual search through key journals and reference list. Studies included were published during the year 2000–2017 focusing on microbiological evidence associated with oral conditions among palliative patients. Candida presence was reported in the oral cavity of terminally ill patients in seven of nine articles, with Candida albicans being the predominant species. The majority of the included studies used oral swabs as a technique for isolation of the organism. This review is first to systematically synthesize the published evidence on the oral microbial flora of palliative patients, taking into account the techniques for identification of the microbiota. Larger multicenter studies may help in developing standardized clinical guidelines for the oral care of these patients.
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Szade A, Szade K, Nowak WN, Bukowska-Strakova K, Muchova L, Gońka M, Żukowska M, Cieśla M, Kachamakova-Trojanowska N, Rams-Baron M, Ratuszna A, Dulak J, Józkowicz A. Cobalt protoporphyrin IX increases endogenous G-CSF and mobilizes HSC and granulocytes to the blood. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:e09571. [PMID: 31709729 PMCID: PMC6895613 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) is used in clinical practice to mobilize cells from the bone marrow to the blood; however, it is not always effective. We show that cobalt protoporphyrin IX (CoPP) increases plasma concentrations of G‐CSF, IL‐6, and MCP‐1 in mice, triggering the mobilization of granulocytes and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). Compared with recombinant G‐CSF, CoPP mobilizes higher number of HSPC and mature granulocytes. In contrast to G‐CSF, CoPP does not increase the number of circulating T cells. Transplantation of CoPP‐mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) results in higher chimerism and faster hematopoietic reconstitution than transplantation of PBMC mobilized by G‐CSF. Although CoPP is used to activate Nrf2/HO‐1 axis, the observed effects are Nrf2/HO‐1 independent. Concluding, CoPP increases expression of mobilization‐related cytokines and has superior mobilizing efficiency compared with recombinant G‐CSF. This observation could lead to the development of new strategies for the treatment of neutropenia and HSPC transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Szade
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szade
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Witold N Nowak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Bukowska-Strakova
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lucie Muchova
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Gońka
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Żukowska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Cieśla
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Neli Kachamakova-Trojanowska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marzena Rams-Baron
- A. Chelkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Chorzow, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, Chorzow, Poland
| | - Alicja Ratuszna
- A. Chelkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Chorzow, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, Chorzow, Poland
| | - Józef Dulak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Józkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Sobue T, Bertolini M, Thompson A, Dongari-Bagtzoglou A. Model of Chemotherapy-associated Mucositis and Oral Opportunistic Infections. Bio Protoc 2019; 9:e3411. [PMID: 33654911 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral mucositis is a common complication of cancer chemotherapy treatment. Because of the lack of relevant oral mucositis experimental models, it is not clear how chemotherapeutic agents injure the oral mucosa and if commensal microorganisms accelerate tissue damage. We developed an organotypic oral mucosa model that mimics cellular responses commonly associated with cytotoxic chemotherapy. The organotypic model consists of multilayer oral epithelial cells growing over a collagen type I matrix, with embedded fibroblasts. Treatment of organotypic constructs with the chemotherapeutic agent, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), leads to major histopathologic changes resembling mucositis, such as DNA synthesis inhibition, increased apoptosis and cytoplasmic vacuolation. Candida albicans formed mucosal biofilms on these tissues and augmented the inflammatory responses to 5-FU. This model can be used in further mechanistic studies of oral mucositis and associated opportunistic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Sobue
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Martinna Bertolini
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Angela Thompson
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Anna Dongari-Bagtzoglou
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
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The Dysbiosis and Inter-Kingdom Synergy Model in Oropharyngeal Candidiasis, a New Perspective in Pathogenesis. J Fungi (Basel) 2019; 5:jof5040087. [PMID: 31546600 PMCID: PMC6958497 DOI: 10.3390/jof5040087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As more information emerges on oral microbiota using advanced sequencing methodologies, it is imperative to examine how organisms modulate the capacity of each other to colonize or trigger infection. Most mouse models of oral C. albicans infection have focused on interactions with single bacterial species. Thus, little is known about the microbiome-mediated interactions that control the switch of C. albicans from commensalism to infection. Evidence is accumulating that in immunosuppression where mucosal candidiasis is more prevalent, there is an altered oral bacterial microbiome with reduced diversity, but not an altered mycobiome. Oropharyngeal candidiasis in immunosuppressed humans and mice is associated with a further reduction in oral bacterial diversity and a dysbiotic shift with significant enrichment of streptococcal and enterococcal species. Our recent studies in a cancer chemotherapy mouse model supported the combined profound effect of immunosuppression and C. albicans in reducing oral bacterial diversity and provided the first direct evidence that these changes contribute to pathogenesis, representing dysbiosis. There is still a gap in understanding the relationship between Candida and the oral bacterial microbiome. We propose that certain oral commensal bacteria contribute to fungal pathogenesis and we identify gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms involved in this cooperative virulence.
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38
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Ambrosio JAR, Pinto BCDS, Godoy DDS, Carvalho JA, Abreu ADS, da Silva BGM, Leonel LDC, Costa MS, Beltrame Junior M, Simioni AR. Gelatin nanoparticles loaded methylene blue as a candidate for photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy applications in Candida albicans growth. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2019; 30:1356-1373. [PMID: 31215329 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2019.1632615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Gelatin nanoparticles (GN) with an intrinsic antimicrobial activity maybe a good choice to improve the effectiveness of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT). The aim of this study was to development gelatin nanoparticles loaded methylene blue (GN-MB) and investigate the effect of GN-MB in the Candida albicans growth by PACT protocols. The GN and GN-MB were prepared by two-step desolvation. The nanoparticulate systems were studied by scanning electron microscopy and steady-state techniques, the in vitro drug release was investigated, and we studied the effect of PACT on C. albicans growth. Satisfactory yields and encapsulation efficiency of GN-MB were obtained (yield = 76.0% ± 2.1 and EE = 84.0% ± 1.3). All the spectroscopic results presented here showed excellent photophysical parameters of the studied drug. Entrapment of MB in GN significantly prolongs it's in vitro release. The results of PACT experiments clearly demonstrated that the photosensitivity of C. albicans was higher when GN-MB was used. Gelatin nanoparticles loaded methylene blue-mediated photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy may be used against Candida albicans growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniele da Silva Godoy
- a Research and Development Institute - IPD , Vale do Paraíba University - UNIVAP , São José dos Campos , Brazil
| | - Janicy Arantes Carvalho
- a Research and Development Institute - IPD , Vale do Paraíba University - UNIVAP , São José dos Campos , Brazil
| | - Alexandro da Silva Abreu
- a Research and Development Institute - IPD , Vale do Paraíba University - UNIVAP , São José dos Campos , Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo de Carvalho Leonel
- a Research and Development Institute - IPD , Vale do Paraíba University - UNIVAP , São José dos Campos , Brazil
| | - Maricilia Silva Costa
- a Research and Development Institute - IPD , Vale do Paraíba University - UNIVAP , São José dos Campos , Brazil
| | - Milton Beltrame Junior
- a Research and Development Institute - IPD , Vale do Paraíba University - UNIVAP , São José dos Campos , Brazil
| | - Andreza Ribeiro Simioni
- a Research and Development Institute - IPD , Vale do Paraíba University - UNIVAP , São José dos Campos , Brazil
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Galgóczy L, Yap A, Marx F. Cysteine-Rich Antifungal Proteins from Filamentous Fungi are Promising Bioactive Natural Compounds in Anti- Candida Therapy. Isr J Chem 2019; 59:360-370. [PMID: 31680702 PMCID: PMC6813639 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201800168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The emerging number of life-threatening invasive fungal infections caused by drug-resistant Candida strains urges the need for the development and application of fundamentally new and safe antifungal strategies in the clinical treatment. Recent studies demonstrated that the extracellular cysteine-rich and cationic antifungal proteins (crAFPs) originating from filamentous fungi, and de novo designed synthetic peptide derivatives of these crAFPs provide a feasible basis for this approach. This mini-review focuses on the global challenges of the anti-Canidia therapy and on the crAFPs as potential drug candidates to overcome existing problems. The advantages and limitations in the use of crAFPs and peptide derivatives compared to those of conventional antifungal drugs will also be critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Galgóczy
- Institute of Plant BiologyBiological Research CentreHungarian Academy of SciencesTemesvári krt. 62H-6726SzegedHungary
- Department of MicrobiologyFaculty of Science and InformaticsUniversity of SzegedKözép fasor 52H-6726SzegedHungary
| | - Annie Yap
- Division of Molecular BiologyBiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnrain 80–82A-6020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Florentine Marx
- Division of Molecular BiologyBiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnrain 80–82A-6020InnsbruckAustria
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40
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Bertolini M, Ranjan A, Thompson A, Diaz PI, Sobue T, Maas K, Dongari-Bagtzoglou A. Candida albicans induces mucosal bacterial dysbiosis that promotes invasive infection. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007717. [PMID: 31009520 PMCID: PMC6497318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious complications are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy due to increased risk of oral and gastrointestinal candidiasis, candidemia and septicemia. Interactions between C. albicans and endogenous mucosal bacteria are important in understanding the mechanisms of invasive infection. We published a mouse intravenous chemotherapy model that recapitulates oral and intestinal mucositis, and myelosuppression in patients receiving 5-fluorouracil. We used this model to study the influence of C. albicans on the mucosal bacterial microbiome and compared global community changes in the oral and intestinal mucosa of the same mice. We validated 16S rRNA gene sequencing data by qPCR, in situ hybridization and culture approaches. Mice receiving both 5Fu and C. albicans had an endogenous bacterial overgrowth on the oral but not the small intestinal mucosa. C. albicans infection was associated with loss of mucosal bacterial diversity in both sites with indigenous Stenotrophomonas, Alphaproteobacteria and Enterococcus species dominating the small intestinal, and Enterococcus species dominating the oral mucosa. Both immunosuppression and Candida infection contributed to changes in the oral microbiota. Enterococci isolated from mice with oropharyngeal candidiasis were implicated in degrading the epithelial junction protein E-cadherin and increasing the permeability of the oral epithelial barrier in vitro. Importantly, depletion of these organisms with antibiotics in vivo attenuated oral mucosal E-cadherin degradation and C. albicans invasion without affecting fungal burdens, indicating that bacterial community changes represent overt dysbiosis. Our studies demonstrate a complex interaction between C. albicans, the resident mucosal bacterial microbiota and the host environment in pathogenesis. We shed significant new light on the role of C. albicans in shaping resident bacterial communities and driving mucosal dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martinna Bertolini
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Amit Ranjan
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Angela Thompson
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Patricia I. Diaz
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Takanori Sobue
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Kendra Maas
- Microbial Analysis, Resources, and Services Core, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Anna Dongari-Bagtzoglou
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
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41
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Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit leaf extracts, their characterization and cytotoxicity evaluation against PC-3 and MDA-MB 231 cells. Biologia (Bratisl) 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-019-00222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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42
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Bertolini M, Dongari-Bagtzoglou A. The Relationship of Candida albicans with the Oral Bacterial Microbiome in Health and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1197:69-78. [PMID: 31732935 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-28524-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen colonizing the oropharyngeal, esophageal, and gastrointestinal mucosa in most healthy humans. In immunocompromised hosts, this fungal organism can cause mucosal candidiasis in these sites. C. albicans also causes fungemia, a serious consequence of cancer cytotoxic chemotherapy, which is thought to develop from fungal translocation through compromised mucosal barriers. Changes in endogenous bacterial population size or composition as well as changes in the host environment can transform fungal commensals into opportunistic pathogens in the upper and lower GI tract. Pioneering studies from our group have shown that a ubiquitous oral commensal of the mitis streptococcal group (Streptococcus oralis) has a mutualistic relationship with C. albicans, with C. albicans enabling streptococcal biofilm growth at mucosal sites, and S. oralis facilitating invasion of the oral and esophageal mucosa by C. albicans. In these studies, we used a cortisone-induced immunosuppression mouse model. More recently, the development of a novel mouse chemotherapy model has allowed us to examine the interactions of C. albicans with the endogenous bacterial microbiota in the oral and small intestinal mucosa, two sites adversely affected by cytotoxic chemotherapy. In this model, oral inoculation with C. albicans causes severe dysbiosis in the mucosal bacterial composition in both sites. We also found that antibiotic treatment ameliorates invasion of the oral mucosa but aggravates dissemination through the intestinal mucosa. In this chapter, we discuss work from our laboratory and others examining the relationships of C. albicans with oral bacteria and their role in mucosal homeostasis or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martinna Bertolini
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Anna Dongari-Bagtzoglou
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
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Lee YT, Fang YY, Sun YW, Hsu HC, Weng SM, Tseng TL, Lin TH, Shieh JC. THR1 mediates GCN4 and CDC4 to link morphogenesis with nutrient sensing and the stress response in Candida albicans. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:3193-3208. [PMID: 30320368 PMCID: PMC6202100 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans (C. albicans) CDC4 (CaCDC4), encoding the F-box protein for the substrate specificity of the Skp1-cullin-F-box E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, suppresses the yeast-to-filament transition in C. albicans. In our previous study, Thr1 was identified as a CaCdc4-associated protein using affinity purification. THR1 encodes a homoserine kinase, which is involved in the threonine biosynthesis pathway. The present study generated a strain with repressible CaCDC4 expression and continuous THR1 expression. Colony and cell morphology analyses, as well as immunoblotting, revealed that the Thr1 protein was detectable under conditions in which the expression of CaCDC4 was repressed and that the filaments resulting from the repressed expression of CaCDC4 were suppressed by the constitutive expression of THR1 in C. albicans. Additionally, by using the CaSAT1-flipper method, the present study produced null mutants of THR1, GCN4, and CaCDC4. The phenotypic consequences were evaluated by growth curves, spotting assays, microscopic analysis, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and XTT-based biofilm formation ability. The results revealed that fewer cells lacking THR1 entered the stationary phase but had no apparent morphological alteration. It was observed that the expression of THR1 was upregulated concurrently with GCN4 during nutrient depletion and that cells lacking GCN4 rescued the lethality of cells in the absence of THR1 in conditions accumulating homoserine in the threonine biosynthesis pathway. Of note, it was found that cells with either CaCDC4 or THR1 loss were sensitive to oxidative stress and osmotic stress, with those with THR1 loss being more sensitive. In addition, it was observed that cells with loss of either CaCDC4 or THR1 exhibited the ability to increase biofilm formation, with those lacking CaCDC4 exhibiting a greater extent of enhancement. It was concluded that CaCDC4 is important in the coordination of morphogenesis, nutrient sensing, and the stress response through THR1 in C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ti Lee
- Institute of Medicine and School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ya Fang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu Wen Sun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsiao-Chi Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shan-Mei Weng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tzu-Ling Tseng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ting-Hui Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jia-Ching Shieh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Thomsen M, Clarke S, Vitetta L. The role of adjuvant probiotics to attenuate intestinal inflammatory responses due to cancer treatments. Benef Microbes 2018; 9:899-916. [PMID: 30232908 DOI: 10.3920/bm2017.0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment regimens for gastrointestinal, peritoneal and pelvic tumours can disrupt the intestinal microbiome and intestinal epithelia. Such disturbances can provoke symptoms such as diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy induced gastrointestinal toxicity aggravating intestinal microbiome dysbiosis is postulated to adversely alter the intestinal microbiome, with a consequent induced pro-inflammatory effect that disrupts the intestinal microbiome-epithelia-mucosal immunity axis. Although not widely recognised, the intestinal mucosa is the largest and most densely and dynamically populated immune-environment. Cancer treatment adverse effects that affect intestinal and mucosal cells inadvertently target and disrupt resident intestinal macrophages, the cells that marshal immune activity in the intestinal mucosa by shaping pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory activities to control and eradicate infectious insults and maintain local homeostasis. Pathobionts (bacteria capable of pathogenic pro-inflammatory activity) and noxious environmental and bacterial antigens use the intestinal epithelia and gap junctions as a point of entry into the systemic circulation. This translocation movement promotes toxic sequelae that obstruct intestinal macrophage functions resulting in uncontrolled local and systemic pro-inflammatory activity, loss of phagocytic function and loss of expression of tight junction proteins. Probiotic bacteria as an adjunctive treatment shows efficacy in ameliorating enteropathies such as mucositis/diarrhoea resulting from chemotherapy or radiotherapy regimens. As such we posit that an important benefit that warrants a further focused research effort is the administration of adjuvant probiotics to help reduce the incidence of febrile neutropenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Thomsen
- 1 The University of Sydney, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - S Clarke
- 1 The University of Sydney, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, NSW 2006, Australia.,2 Northern Clinical School, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Pacific Hwy, St Leonards NSW 2065, Australia
| | - L Vitetta
- 1 The University of Sydney, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, NSW 2006, Australia.,3 Medlab Clinical Ltd., 66 McCauley St., Sydney, 2006 NSW, Australia
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Jacob L, John M, Kalder M, Kostev K. Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis in gynecological practices in Germany: A retrospective study of 954,186 patients. Curr Med Mycol 2018; 4:6-11. [PMID: 30186987 PMCID: PMC6101156 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.4.1.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: To the best of our knowledge, no information is available regarding the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in gynecological practices. The goal of this study was to analyze the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and the drugs prescribed for the treatment of this condition in women followed in gynecological practices in Germany. Materials and Methods: All the women followed in 262 gynecological practices between November 2014 and October 2016 were included in this study. The first outcome was the prevalence of patients diagnosed with VVC during this period. The second outcome was the prevalence of women with VVC who received an appropriate vaginal or systemic antimycotic prescription within 30 days after their first VVC diagnosis. Covariables included the use of gynecological/systemic antibiotics, consumption of oral/vaginal contraceptives, cancer, pregnancy, diabetes, and psychiatric diseases including depression, anxiety, and adjustment and somatoform disorders. Results: Between 2014 and 2016, 954,186 women were followed in gynecological practices, and 50,279 (5.3%) women were diagnosed with VVC during the same period. The use of gynecological antibiotics (OR=2.88), systemic antibiotics (OR=1.45), oral contraceptives (OR=1.74), and vaginal contraceptives (OR=1.84) were associated with an increase in the risk of VVC diagnosis. Cancer (OR=1.20) and pregnancy (OR=1.59) were additional risk factors. Approximately 75% of women diagnosed with VVC received an antimycotic prescription. The three most frequently prescribed drugs were clotrimazole (72%), fluconazole (14%), and nystatin (6%). Conclusion: More than 5% of women were diagnosed with VVC and the majority of them received an appropriate prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Jacob
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris 5, Paris, France
| | - Mara John
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kalder
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Karel Kostev
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Epidemiology, IQVIA, Frankfurt, Germany
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46
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Dehghan P, Tolouie S, Baradaran B, Nami S, Morovati H. TLR-2, IL-10 and IL-17-mediated immunity in experimental chemotherapy murine model of systemic candidiasis; cyclophosphamides' impact and roles. Microb Pathog 2018; 119:183-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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47
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Tso GHW, Reales-Calderon JA, Pavelka N. The Elusive Anti- Candida Vaccine: Lessons From the Past and Opportunities for the Future. Front Immunol 2018; 9:897. [PMID: 29755472 PMCID: PMC5934487 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Candidemia is a bloodstream fungal infection caused by Candida species and is most commonly observed in hospitalized patients. Even with proper antifungal drug treatment, mortality rates remain high at 40–50%. Therefore, prophylactic or preemptive antifungal medications are currently recommended in order to prevent infections in high-risk patients. Moreover, the majority of women experience at least one episode of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) throughout their lifetime and many of them suffer from recurrent VVC (RVVC) with frequent relapses for the rest of their lives. While there currently exists no definitive cure, the only available treatment for RVVC is again represented by antifungal drug therapy. However, due to the limited number of existing antifungal drugs, their associated side effects and the increasing occurrence of drug resistance, other approaches are greatly needed. An obvious prevention measure for candidemia or RVVC relapse would be to immunize at-risk patients with a vaccine effective against Candida infections. In spite of the advanced and proven techniques successfully applied to the development of antibacterial or antiviral vaccines, however, no antifungal vaccine is still available on the market. In this review, we first summarize various efforts to date in the development of anti-Candida vaccines, highlighting advantages and disadvantages of each strategy. We next unfold and discuss general hurdles encountered along these efforts, such as the existence of large genomic variation and phenotypic plasticity across Candida strains and species, and the difficulty in mounting protective immune responses in immunocompromised or immunosuppressed patients. Lastly, we review the concept of “trained immunity” and discuss how induction of this rapid and nonspecific immune response may potentially open new and alternative preventive strategies against opportunistic infections by Candida species and potentially other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Hoi Wan Tso
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency of Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Norman Pavelka
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency of Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
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48
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Jayashree S, Nirekshana K, Guha G, Bhakta-Guha D. Cancer chemotherapeutics in rheumatoid arthritis: A convoluted connection. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:894-911. [PMID: 29710545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the most popular therapeutic strategies to treat cancer. However, cancer chemotherapeutics have often been associated with impairment of the immune system, which might consequently lead to an augmented risk of autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Though the accurate mechanistic facets of rheumatoid arthritis induction have not been interpreted yet, a conglomeration of genetic and environmental factors might promote its etiology. What makes the scenario more challenging is that patients with rheumatoid arthritis are at a significantly elevated risk of developing various types of cancer. It is intriguing to note that diverse cancer chemotherapy drugs are also commonly used to treat symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. However, a colossal multitude of such cancer therapeutics has demonstrated highly varied results in rheumatoid arthritis patients, including both beneficial and adverse effects. Herein, we attempt to present a holistic account of the variegated modalities of this complex tripartite cross-talk between cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and chemotherapy drugs in order to decode the sinuous correlation between these two appalling pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jayashree
- Cellular Dyshomeostasis Laboratory (CDHL), Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Nirekshana
- Cellular Dyshomeostasis Laboratory (CDHL), Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gunjan Guha
- Cellular Dyshomeostasis Laboratory (CDHL), Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Dipita Bhakta-Guha
- Cellular Dyshomeostasis Laboratory (CDHL), Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Burch JM, Mashayekh S, Wykoff DD, Grimes CL. Bacterial Derived Carbohydrates Bind Cyr1 and Trigger Hyphal Growth in Candida albicans. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:53-58. [PMID: 29040806 PMCID: PMC5800403 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The dimorphic yeast Candida albicans is the most common pathogenic fungus found in humans. While this species is normally commensal, a morphological switch from budding yeast to filamentous hyphae allows the fungi to invade epithelial cells and cause infections. The phenotypic change is controlled by the adenylyl cyclase, Cyr1. Interestingly, this protein contains a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain, which is commonly found in innate immune receptors from plants and animals. A functional and pure LRR domain was obtained in high yields from E. coli expression. Utilizing a surface plasmon resonance assay, the LRR was found to bind diverse bacterial derived carbohydrates with high affinity. This domain is capable of binding fragments of peptidoglycan, a carbohydrate polymer component of the bacterial cell wall, as well as anthracyclines produced by Streptomyces, leading to hyphae formation. These findings add another dimension to the human microbiome, taking into account yeast-bacteria interactions that occur in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Burch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Siavash Mashayekh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Dennis D. Wykoff
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | - Catherine L. Grimes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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50
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Wong CY, Al-Salami H, Dass CR. The role of chitosan on oral delivery of peptide-loaded nanoparticle formulation. J Drug Target 2017; 26:551-562. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2017.1400552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Y. Wong
- School of Pharmacy, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- School of Pharmacy, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Curtin Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Crispin R. Dass
- School of Pharmacy, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Curtin Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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