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Ebrahimi B, Mokhtari T, Ghaffari N, Adabi M, Hassanzadeh G. Acellular spinal cord scaffold containing quercetin-encapsulated nanoparticles plays an anti-inflammatory role in functional recovery from spinal cord injury in rats. Inflammopharmacology 2024:10.1007/s10787-024-01478-z. [PMID: 38702577 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01478-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory responses play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI) and developing new approaches to establish an anti-inflammatory environment for the promotion of neuroregeneration holds promise as a potential approach. In this study, our aim was to investigate the potential of combining an acellular spinal cord scaffold (ASCS) with quercetin-loaded bovine serum albumin (Qu/BSA) nanoparticles (NPs) for the treatment of SCI. The ASCS was prepared using physical and chemical methods, while the Qu/BSA NPs were prepared through a desolvation technique. The NPs exhibited favorable characteristics, including a mean size of 203 nm, a zeta potential of -38, and an encapsulation efficiency of 96%. Microscopic evaluation confirmed the successful distribution of NPs on the walls of ASCS. Animal studies revealed that Qu/BSA NPs group exhibited a significant decrease in NLRP3, ASC, and Casp1 gene expression compared to the SCI group (p < 0.0001). The findings indicated a significant decrease in the NLRP3, ASC, and Casp1 protein level between the Qu/BSA/ASCS group and the SCI group (p < 0.0001). Moreover, treatment with ASCS containing either blank BSA (B/BSA) NPs or Qu/BSA NPs effectively promoted functional recovery via increasing the amount of nestin- and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cells in the site of injury. Notably, Qu/BSA/ASCS exhibited superior outcomes compared to B/BSA/ASCS. Overall, the combination of ASCS with the Qu delivery system presents a promising therapeutic approach for SCI by inhibiting inflammatory responses and promoting neuroregeneration, leading to the restoration of motor function in animals. This study demonstrates the potential of utilizing biomaterials and NPs to enhance the effectiveness of SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Ebrahimi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Mokhtari
- Department of Pharmacology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.
| | - Neda Ghaffari
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Adabi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hassanzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Neurosciences and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Osorio-Londoño D, Heras-Romero Y, Tovar-y-Romo LB, Olayo-González R, Morales-Guadarrama A. Improved Recovery of Complete Spinal Cord Transection by a Plasma-Modified Fibrillar Scaffold. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1133. [PMID: 38675052 PMCID: PMC11054293 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Complete spinal cord injury causes an irreversible disruption in the central nervous system, leading to motor, sensory, and autonomic function loss, and a secondary injury that constitutes a physical barrier preventing tissue repair. Tissue engineering scaffolds are presented as a permissive platform for cell migration and the reconnection of spared tissue. Iodine-doped plasma pyrrole polymer (pPPy-I), a neuroprotective material, was applied to polylactic acid (PLA) fibers and implanted in a rat complete spinal cord transection injury model to evaluate whether the resulting composite implants provided structural and functional recovery, using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, diffusion tensor imaging and tractography, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, locomotion analysis, histology, and immunofluorescence. In vivo, MR studies evidenced a tissue response to the implant, demonstrating that the fibrillar composite scaffold moderated the structural effects of secondary damage by providing mechanical stability to the lesion core, tissue reconstruction, and significant motor recovery. Histologic analyses demonstrated that the composite scaffold provided a permissive environment for cell attachment and neural tissue guidance over the fibers, reducing cyst formation. These results supply evidence that pPPy-I enhanced the properties of PLA fibrillar scaffolds as a promising treatment for spinal cord injury recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Osorio-Londoño
- Electrical Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 09340, Mexico;
| | - Yessica Heras-Romero
- Experimental Analysis of Behavior Department, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Luis B. Tovar-y-Romo
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | | | - Axayácatl Morales-Guadarrama
- Medical Imaging and Instrumentation Research National Center, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 09340, Mexico
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Han X, Zhang M, Yan L, Fu Y, Kou H, Shang C, Wang J, Liu H, Jiang C, Wang J, Cheng T. Role of dendritic cells in spinal cord injury. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14593. [PMID: 38528832 PMCID: PMC10964036 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation can worsen spinal cord injury (SCI), with dendritic cells (DCs) playing a crucial role in the inflammatory response. They mediate T lymphocyte differentiation, activate microglia, and release cytokines like NT-3. Moreover, DCs can promote neural stem cell survival and guide them toward neuron differentiation, positively impacting SCI outcomes. OBJECTIVE This review aims to summarize the role of DCs in SCI-related inflammation and identify potential therapeutic targets for treating SCI. METHODS Literature in PubMed and Web of Science was reviewed using critical terms related to DCs and SCI. RESULTS The study indicates that DCs can activate microglia and astrocytes, promote T-cell differentiation, increase neurotrophin release at the injury site, and subsequently reduce secondary brain injury and enhance functional recovery in the spinal cord. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights the repair mechanisms of DCs and their potential therapeutic potential for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Han
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Mingkang Zhang
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Liyan Yan
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Yikun Fu
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Hongwei Kou
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Chunfeng Shang
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Junmin Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Hongjian Liu
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of NeurologyThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Tian Cheng
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
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Varlamova EG, Plotnikov EY, Baimler IV, Gudkov SV, Turovsky EA. Pilot Study of Cytoprotective Mechanisms of Selenium Nanorods (SeNrs) under Ischemia-like Conditions on Cortical Astrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12217. [PMID: 37569591 PMCID: PMC10419292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytoprotective properties of the trace element selenium, its nanoparticles, and selenium nanocomplexes with active compounds are shown using a number of models. To date, some molecular mechanisms of the protective effect of spherical selenium nanoparticles under the action of ischemia/reoxygenation on brain cells have been studied. Among other things, the dependence of the effectiveness of the neuroprotective properties of nanoselenium on its diameter, pathways, and efficiency of penetration into astrocytes was established. In general, most research in the field of nanomedicine is focused on the preparation and study of spherical nanoparticles of various origins due to the ease of their preparation; in addition, spherical nanoparticles have a large specific surface area. However, obtaining and studying the mechanisms of action of nanoparticles of a new form are of great interest since nanorods, having all the positive properties of spherical nanoparticles, will also have a number of advantages. Using the laser ablation method, we managed to obtain and characterize selenium nanorods (SeNrs) with a length of 1 μm and a diameter of 100 nm. Using fluorescence microscopy and inhibitory analysis, we were able to show that selenium nanorods cause the generation of Ca2+ signals in cortical astrocytes in an acute experiment through the mobilization of Ca2+ ions from the thapsigargin-sensitive pool of the endoplasmic reticulum. Chronic use of SeNrs leads to a change in the expression pattern of genes encoding proteins that regulate cell fate and protect astrocytes from ischemia-like conditions and reoxygenation through the inhibition of a global increase in the concentration of cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]i). An important component of the cytoprotective effect of SeNrs during ischemia/reoxygenation is the induction of reactive A2-type astrogliosis in astrocytes, leading to an increase in both baseline and ischemia/reoxygenation-induced phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity and suppression of necrosis and apoptosis. The key components of this cytoprotective action of SeNrs are the actin-dependent process of endocytosis of nanoparticles into cells and activation of the Ca2+ signaling system of astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena G. Varlamova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Egor Y. Plotnikov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya V. Baimler
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilovest., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.B.); (S.V.G.)
| | - Sergey V. Gudkov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilovest., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.B.); (S.V.G.)
| | - Egor A. Turovsky
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
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Rahimi B, Behroozi Z, Motamednezhad A, Jafarpour M, Hamblin MR, Moshiri A, Janzadeh A, Ramezani F. Study of nerve cell regeneration on nanofibers containing cerium oxide nanoparticles in a spinal cord injury model in rats. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2023; 34:9. [PMID: 36809518 PMCID: PMC9944598 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-023-06711-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the CNS is unable to repair itself via neuronal regeneration in adult mammals, alternative therapies need to be found. The use of cerium oxide nanoparticles to repair nerve damage could be a promising approach for spinal cord reconstruction. In this study, we constructed a scaffold containing cerium oxide nanoparticles (Scaffold-CeO2) and investigated the rate of nerve cell regeneration in a rat model of spinal cord injury. The scaffold of gelatin and polycaprolactone was synthesized, and a gelatin solution containing cerium oxide nanoparticles was attached to the scaffold. For the animal study, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 10): (a) Control; (b) Spinal cord injury (SCI); (c) Scaffold (SCI + scaffold without CeO2 nanoparticles); (d) Scaffold-CeO2 (SCI + scaffold containing CeO2 nanoparticles). After creation of a hemisection SCI, scaffolds were placed at the site of injury in groups c and d, and after 7 weeks the rats were subjected to behavioral tests and then sacrificed for preparation of the spinal cord tissue to measure the expression of G-CSF, Tau and Mag proteins by Western blotting and Iba-1 protein by immunohistochemistry. The result of behavioral tests confirmed motor improvement and pain reduction in the Scaffold-CeO2 group compared to the SCI group. Decreased expression of Iba-1 and higher expression of Tau and Mag in the Scaffold-CeO2 group compared to the SCI group could be the result of nerve regeneration caused by the scaffold containing CeONPs as well as relief of pain symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Rahimi
- Department of basic sciences, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Zahra Behroozi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Motamednezhad
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maral Jafarpour
- International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | | | - Atousa Janzadeh
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Ramezani
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Vigani B, Valentino C, Sandri G, Caramella CM, Ferrari F, Rossi S. Spermidine Crosslinked Gellan Gum-Based “Hydrogel Nanofibers” as Potential Tool for the Treatment of Nervous Tissue Injuries: A Formulation Study. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:3421-3439. [PMID: 35942070 PMCID: PMC9356740 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s368960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Aim of the work was to develop a potential neural scaffold, endowed with neuroprotective and neuroregenerative potential, to be applied at the site of nervous tissue injuries: nanofibers, consisting of gellan gum (GG), spermidine (SP) and gelatin (GL), were prepared via electrospinning. SP was selected for its neuroprotective activity and cationic nature that makes it an ideal GG cross-linking agent. GL was added to improve the scaffold bioactivity. Methods Mixtures, containing 1.5% w/w GG and increasing SP concentrations (0–0.125% w/w), were prepared to investigate GG/SP interaction and, thus, to find the best mixture to be electrospun. Mixture rheological and mechanical properties were assessed. The addition of 0.1% w/w GL was also investigated. The most promising GG/SP/GL mixtures were added with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poloxamer (P407) and, then, electrospun. The resulting fibers were characterized in terms of size and mechanical properties and fiber morphology was observed after soaking in water for 24 hours. Nanofiber biocompatibility was assessed on Schwann cells. Results More and more structured GG/SP mixtures were obtained by increasing SP concentration, proving its cross-linking potential. After blending with PEO and P407, the mixture consisting of 1.5% w/w GG, 0.05% w/w SP and 0.1% w/w GL was electrospun. The resulting nanofibers appeared homogenous and characterized by a plastic behavior, suggesting a good mechanical resistance when applied at the injury site. Nanofibers were insoluble in aqueous media and able to form a thin gel layer after hydration. GG/SP/GL nanofibers showed a higher compatibility with Schwann cells than GG/SP ones. Conclusion SP and GL allowed the production of homogenous GG-based nanofibers, which preserved their structure after contact with aqueous media and showed a good compatibility with a neural cell line. After local application at the injury site, nanofibers should support and guide axonal outgrowth, releasing SP in a controlled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Vigani
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Franca Ferrari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: Silvia Rossi, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, 27100, Italy, Tel +39 0382987357, Fax +39 0382422975, Email
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Zarepour A, Bal Öztürk A, Koyuncu Irmak D, Yaşayan G, Gökmen A, Karaöz E, Zarepour A, Zarrabi A, Mostafavi E. Combination Therapy Using Nanomaterials and Stem Cells to Treat Spinal Cord Injuries. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 177:224-240. [PMID: 35850168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As a part of the central nervous system, the spinal cord (SC) provides most of the communications between the brain and other parts of the body. Any damage to SC interrupts this communication, leading to serious problems, which may remain for the rest of their life. Due to its significant impact on patients' quality of life and its exorbitant medical costs, SC injury (SCI) is known as one of the most challengeable diseases in the world. Thus, it is critical to introduce highly translatable therapeutic platforms for SCI treatment. So far, different strategies have been introduced, among which utilizing various types of stem cells is one of the most interesting ones. The capability of stem cells to differentiate into several types of cell lines makes them promising candidates for the regeneration of injured tissues. One of the other interesting and novel strategies for SCI treatment is the application of nanomaterials, which could appear as a carrier for therapeutic agents or as a platform for culturing the cells. Combining these two approaches, stem cells and nanomaterials, could provide promising therapeutic strategies for SCI management. Accordingly, in this review we have summarized some of the recent advancements in which the applications of different types of stem cells and nanomaterials, alone and in combination forms, were evaluated for SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezou Zarepour
- Radiology Department, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ayça Bal Öztürk
- Department of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Health Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istinye University, Zeytinburnu, Turkey
| | | | - Gökçen Yaşayan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aylin Gökmen
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdal Karaöz
- Liv Hospital, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Manufacturing (LivMedCell), İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Atefeh Zarepour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34396, Turkey
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34396, Turkey.
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Mirzaei S, Kulkarni K, Zhou K, Crack PJ, Aguilar MI, Finkelstein DI, Forsythe JS. Biomaterial Strategies for Restorative Therapies in Parkinson's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:4224-4235. [PMID: 34634903 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder, in which dopaminergic midbrain neurons degenerate, leading to dopamine depletion that is associated with neuronal death. In this Review, we initially describe the pathogenesis of PD and established therapies that unfortunately only delay progression of the disease. With a rapidly escalating incidence in PD, there is an urgent need to develop new therapies that not only halt progression but even reverse degeneration. Biomaterials are playing critical roles in these new therapies which include controlled and site-specific delivery of neurotrophins, increased engraftment of implanted neural stem cells, and redirection of endogenous stem cell populations away from their niche to encourage reparative mechanisms. This Review will therefore cover important design features of biomaterials used in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering strategies targeted at PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Mirzaei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ketav Kulkarni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Kun Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Peter J. Crack
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Marie-Isabel Aguilar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - David I. Finkelstein
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - John S. Forsythe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Palumbo FS, Federico S, Pitarresi G, Fiorica C, Giammona G. Synthesis and characterization of redox-sensitive polyurethanes based on l-glutathione oxidized and poly(ether ester) triblock copolymers. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.104986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Qian T. Inflammatory Response to Spinal Cord Injury and Its Treatment. World Neurosurg 2021; 155:19-31. [PMID: 34375779 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.07.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI), as one of the intractable diseases in clinical medicine, affects thousands of human beings, and the pathologic changes after injury have been a hot spot for exploration in clinical medicine. With the development of new treatments, the survival of patients has shown an increasing trend; however, the inflammatory response after injury has not yet been effectively controlled. SCI is divided into primary injury and secondary injury according to the time of injury and pathophysiologic changes. Primary injury occurs immediately and the damage to the injury site is irreversible; however, secondary injury occurs after primary injury and involves pathologic changes at the cellular and molecular levels, which are reversible. Thus, the inflammatory response from secondary injuries has become the main direction of research. In recent years, a complex pathophysiologic mechanism has gradually been unveiled, which has been followed by an upgrade of treatment methods. This article describes the mechanisms of the inflammatory response after SCI and the mainstream treatment modalities. Also, neuroprotective agents and nerve regeneration agent agents are commonly used in the treatment of SCI; the therapeutic mechanism and classification of these agents are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
| | - Yitong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
| | - Taibao Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China.
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Halim A, Qu KY, Zhang XF, Huang NP. Recent Advances in the Application of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Neural Tissue Engineering and Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:3503-3529. [PMID: 34291638 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The complexity of the nervous system structure and function, and its slow regeneration rate, makes it more difficult to treat compared to other tissues in the human body when an injury occurs. Moreover, the current therapeutic approaches including the use of autografts, allografts, and pharmacological agents have several drawbacks and can not fully restore nervous system injuries. Recently, nanotechnology and tissue engineering approaches have attracted many researchers to guide tissue regeneration in an effective manner. Owing to their remarkable physicochemical and biological properties, two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have been extensively studied in the tissue engineering and regenerative medicine field. The great conductivity of these materials makes them a promising candidate for the development of novel scaffolds for neural tissue engineering application. Moreover, the high loading capacity of 2D nanomaterials also has attracted many researchers to utilize them as a drug/gene delivery method to treat various devastating nervous system disorders. This review will first introduce the fundamental physicochemical properties of 2D nanomaterials used in biomedicine and the supporting biological properties of 2D nanomaterials for inducing neuroregeneration, including their biocompatibility on neural cells, the ability to promote the neural differentiation of stem cells, and their immunomodulatory properties which are beneficial for alleviating chronic inflammation at the site of the nervous system injury. It also discusses various types of 2D nanomaterials-based scaffolds for neural tissue engineering applications. Then, the latest progress on the use of 2D nanomaterials for nervous system disorder treatment is summarized. Finally, a discussion of the challenges and prospects of 2D nanomaterials-based applications in neural tissue engineering is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Halim
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P.R. China
| | - Kai-Yun Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China
| | - Ning-Ping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P.R. China
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12
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Collagen-based scaffolds: An auspicious tool to support repair, recovery, and regeneration post spinal cord injury. Int J Pharm 2021; 601:120559. [PMID: 33831486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a perplexing traumatic disease that habitually gives ride to permanent disability, motor, and sensory impairment. Despite the existence of several therapeutic approaches for the injured motor or sensory neurons, they can't promote axonal regeneration. Whether prepared by conventional or rapid prototyping techniques, scaffolds can be applied to refurbish the continuity of the injured site, by creating a suitable environment for tissue repair, axonal regeneration, and vascularization. Collagen is a multi-sourced protein, found in animals skin, tendons, cartilage, bones, and human placenta, in addition to marine biomass. Collagen is highly abundant in the extracellular matrix and is known for its biocompatibility, biodegradability, porous structure, good permeability, low immunogenicity and thus is extensively applied in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries as well as the tissue engineering field. Collagen in scaffolds is usually functionalized with different ligands and factors such as, stem cells, embryonic or human cells to augment its binding specificity and activity. The review summarizes the significance of collagen-based scaffolds and their influence on regeneration, repair and recovery of spinal cord injuries.
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Vigani B, Valentino C, Cavalloro V, Catenacci L, Sorrenti M, Sandri G, Bonferoni MC, Bozzi C, Collina S, Rossi S, Ferrari F. Gellan-Based Composite System as a Potential Tool for the Treatment of Nervous Tissue Injuries: Cross-Linked Electrospun Nanofibers Embedded in a RC-33-Loaded Freeze-Dried Matrix. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020164. [PMID: 33530643 PMCID: PMC7912322 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Injuries to the nervous system affect more than one billion people worldwide, and dramatically impact on the patient’s quality of life. The present work aimed to design and develop a gellan gum (GG)-based composite system for the local delivery of the neuroprotective sigma-1 receptor agonist, 1-[3-(1,1′-biphen)-4-yl] butylpiperidine (RC-33), as a potential tool for the treatment of tissue nervous injuries. The system, consisting of cross-linked electrospun nanofibers embedded in a RC-33-loaded freeze-dried matrix, was designed to bridge the lesion gap, control drug delivery and enhance axonal regrowth. The gradual matrix degradation should ensure the progressive interaction between the inner fibrous mat and the surrounding cellular environment. Nanofibers, prepared by electrospinning polymeric solutions containing GG, two different grades of poly (ethylene oxide) and poloxamer, were cross-linked with calcium ions. GG-based matrices, loaded with different amounts of RC-33, were prepared by freeze-drying. Dialysis studies and solid-state characterization pointed out the formation of an interaction product between GG and RC-33. RC-33-loaded freeze-dried matrices were characterized by the capability to absorb a high buffer content, forming a gel with marked viscoelastic properties, and by RC-33 controlled release properties. The presence of cross-linked nanofibers increased matrix mechanical resistance.
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14
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Kamath SM, Sridhar K, Jaison D, Gopinath V, Ibrahim BKM, Gupta N, Sundaram A, Sivaperumal P, Padmapriya S, Patil SS. Fabrication of tri-layered electrospun polycaprolactone mats with improved sustained drug release profile. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18179. [PMID: 33097770 PMCID: PMC7584580 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74885-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of initial burst and long term release from electrospun fibrous mats can be achieved by sandwiching the drug loaded mats between hydrophobic layers of fibrous polycaprolactone (PCL). Ibuprofen (IBU) loaded PCL fibrous mats (12% PCL-IBU) were sandwiched between fibrous polycaprolactone layers during the process of electrospinning, by varying the polymer concentrations (10% (w/v), 12% (w/v)) and volume of coat (1 ml, 2 ml) in flanking layers. Consequently, 12% PCL-IBU (without sandwich layer) showed burst release of 66.43% on day 1 and cumulative release (%) of 86.08% at the end of 62 days. Whereas, sandwich groups, especially 12% PCLSW-1 & 2 (sandwich layers-1 ml and 2 ml of 12% PCL) showed controlled initial burst and cumulative (%) release compared to 12% PCL-IBU. Moreover, crystallinity (%) and hydrophobicity of the sandwich models imparted control on ibuprofen release from fibrous mats. Further, assay for cytotoxicity and scanning electron microscopic images of cell seeded mats after 5 days showed the mats were not cytotoxic. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopic analysis revealed weak interaction between ibuprofen and PCL in nanofibers which favors the release of ibuprofen. These data imply that concentration and volume of coat in flanking layer imparts tighter control on initial burst and long term release of ibuprofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Manjunath Kamath
- Department of Translational Medicine and Research, SRM Medical College, SRMIST, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
| | - K Sridhar
- Institute of Craniofacial, Aesthetic & Plastic Surgery (ICAPS), SRM Institute for Medical Sciences (SIMS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600026, India
| | - D Jaison
- Nanotechnology Research Center (NRC), SRMIST, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - V Gopinath
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - B K Mohamed Ibrahim
- Institute of Craniofacial, Aesthetic & Plastic Surgery (ICAPS), SRM Institute for Medical Sciences (SIMS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600026, India
| | - Nilkantha Gupta
- Department of Translational Medicine and Research, SRM Medical College, SRMIST, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - A Sundaram
- Department of Pathology, SRM Medical College, SRMIST, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - P Sivaperumal
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College (SDC), Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Padmapriya
- Electrochemical Systems Laboratory, SRM Research Institute, SRMIST, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - S Shantanu Patil
- Department of Translational Medicine and Research, SRM Medical College, SRMIST, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
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15
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Liu ZH, Huang YC, Kuo CY, Kuo CY, Chin CY, Yip PK, Chen JP. Docosahexaenoic Acid-Loaded Polylactic Acid Core-Shell Nanofiber Membranes for Regenerative Medicine after Spinal Cord Injury: In Vitro and In Vivo Study. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197031. [PMID: 32987768 PMCID: PMC7583922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with disability and a drastic decrease in quality of life for affected individuals. Previous studies support the idea that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-based pharmacological approach is a promising therapeutic strategy for the management of acute SCI. We postulated that a nanostructured material for controlled delivery of DHA at the lesion site may be well suited for this purpose. Toward this end, we prepare drug-loaded fibrous mats made of core-shell nanofibers by electrospinning, which contained a polylactic acid (PLA) shell for encapsulation of DHA within the core, for delivery of DHA in situ. In vitro study confirmed sustained DHA release from PLA/DHA core-shell nanofiber membrane (CSNM) for up to 36 days, which could significantly increase neurite outgrowth from primary cortical neurons in 3 days. This is supported by the upregulation of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) neural marker genes from qRT-PCR analysis. Most importantly, the sustained release of DHA could significantly increase the neurite outgrowth length from cortical neuron cells in 7 days when co-cultured with PLA/DHA CSNM, compared with cells cultured with 3 μM DHA. From in vivo study with a SCI model created in rats, implantation of PLA/DHA CSNM could significantly improve neurological functions revealed by behavior assessment in comparison with the control (no treatment) and the PLA CSNM groups. According to histological analysis, PLA/DHA CSNM also effectively reduced neuron loss and increased serotonergic nerve sprouting. Taken together, the PLA/DHA CSNM may provide a nanostructured drug delivery system for DHA and contribute to neuroprotection and promoting neuroplasticity change following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Hao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (Z.-H.L.); (Y.-C.H.); (C.-Y.K.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Yin-Cheng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (Z.-H.L.); (Y.-C.H.); (C.-Y.K.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Chang-Yi Kuo
- Department of Chemical and Materials and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Chao-Ying Kuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (Z.-H.L.); (Y.-C.H.); (C.-Y.K.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Chieh-Yu Chin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (Z.-H.L.); (Y.-C.H.); (C.-Y.K.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Ping K. Yip
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery & Trauma, London E1 2AT, UK;
| | - Jyh-Ping Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Tai-Shan, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3211-8800 (ext. 5298)
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16
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Reis KP, Sperling LE, Teixeira C, Sommer L, Colombo M, Koester LS, Pranke P. VPA/PLGA microfibers produced by coaxial electrospinning for the treatment of central nervous system injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 53:e8993. [PMID: 32294700 PMCID: PMC7162582 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20208993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system shows limited regenerative capacity after injury. Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating traumatic injury resulting in loss of sensory, motor, and autonomic function distal from the level of injury. An appropriate combination of biomaterials and bioactive substances is currently thought to be a promising approach to treat this condition. Systemic administration of valproic acid (VPA) has been previously shown to promote functional recovery in animal models of SCI. In this study, VPA was encapsulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microfibers by the coaxial electrospinning technique. Fibers showed continuous and cylindrical morphology, randomly oriented fibers, and compatible morphological and mechanical characteristics for application in SCI. Drug-release analysis indicated a rapid release of VPA during the first day of the in vitro test. The coaxial fibers containing VPA supported adhesion, viability, and proliferation of PC12 cells. In addition, the VPA/PLGA microfibers induced the reduction of PC12 cell viability, as has already been described in the literature. The biomaterials were implanted in rats after SCI. The groups that received the implants did not show increased functional recovery or tissue regeneration compared to the control. These results indicated the cytocompatibility of the VPA/PLGA core-shell microfibers and that it may be a promising approach to treat SCI when combined with other strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Reis
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Células-tronco, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.,Laboratório de Células-tronco, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - L E Sperling
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Células-tronco, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.,Laboratório de Células-tronco, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.,Curso de Medicina, Escola da Saúde, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, RS, Brasil
| | - C Teixeira
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Células-tronco, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.,Laboratório de Células-tronco, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - L Sommer
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Células-tronco, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.,Laboratório de Células-tronco, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - M Colombo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - L S Koester
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - P Pranke
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Células-tronco, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.,Laboratório de Células-tronco, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.,Instituto de Pesquisa com Células-tronco, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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17
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Khan TI, Hemalatha S, Waseem M. Promising Role of Nano-Encapsulated Drugs for Spinal Cord Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:1978-1985. [PMID: 31900861 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01862-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials have been utilized for the drug delivery in the central nervous system (CNS), and many research investigators are currently focussing on this specified area. There has been a lot of advancement in the nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery to the brain. Neuronal injuries including spinal cord injury (SCI) and their targeted therapies are still in its infancy on this planet. SCI has been known to cause axonal damage followed by the loss of communication between CNS and other non-neuronal systems. SCI has been critically associated with prolonged inflammation, sensory dysfunction, and motor impairment in SCI patients. There has been a critical crosstalk in SCI and blood brain barriers (BBBs) for drug absorption and distribution in patients. There is a paucity of possible therapies for proper intervention of SCI due to selective permeability of the drugs across BBB. Nanomaterials are contemplated in the drug delivery system for SCI. In addition, self-assembled nanomicelles, lipid nanoparticles, and other co-polymers have now been explored for neuronal injuries. This review focuses on the promising approach and/or role of nanodrug delivery to target SCI in both in vitro and in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasneem Ismail Khan
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600048, India
| | - S Hemalatha
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600048, India
| | - Mohammad Waseem
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600048, India.
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18
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Vigani B, Rossi S, Sandri G, Bonferoni MC, Rui M, Collina S, Fagiani F, Lanni C, Ferrari F. Dual-Functioning Scaffolds for the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury: Alginate Nanofibers Loaded with the Sigma 1 Receptor (S1R) Agonist RC-33 in Chitosan Films. Mar Drugs 2019; 18:E21. [PMID: 31887983 PMCID: PMC7024184 DOI: 10.3390/md18010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work proposed a novel therapeutic platform with both neuroprotective and neuroregenerative potential to be used in the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI). A dual-functioning scaffold for the delivery of the neuroprotective S1R agonist, RC-33, to be locally implanted at the site of SCI, was developed. RC-33-loaded fibers, containing alginate (ALG) and a mixture of two different grades of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), were prepared by electrospinning. After ionotropic cross-linking, fibers were incorporated in chitosan (CS) films to obtain a drug delivery system more flexible, easier to handle, and characterized by a controlled degradation rate. Dialysis equilibrium studies demonstrated that ALG was able to form an interaction product with the cationic RC-33 and to control RC-33 release in the physiological medium. Fibers loaded with RC-33 at the concentration corresponding to 10% of ALG maximum binding capacity were incorporated in films based on CS at two different molecular weights-low (CSL) and medium (CSM)-solubilized in acetic (AA) or glutamic (GA) acid. CSL- based scaffolds were subjected to a degradation test in order to investigate if the different CSL salification could affect the film behavior when in contact with media that mimic SCI environment. CSL AA exhibited a slower biodegradation and a good compatibility towards human neuroblastoma cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Vigani
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (B.V.); (G.S.); (M.C.B.); (M.R.); (S.C.); (F.F.); (C.L.)
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (B.V.); (G.S.); (M.C.B.); (M.R.); (S.C.); (F.F.); (C.L.)
| | - Giuseppina Sandri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (B.V.); (G.S.); (M.C.B.); (M.R.); (S.C.); (F.F.); (C.L.)
| | - Maria Cristina Bonferoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (B.V.); (G.S.); (M.C.B.); (M.R.); (S.C.); (F.F.); (C.L.)
| | - Marta Rui
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (B.V.); (G.S.); (M.C.B.); (M.R.); (S.C.); (F.F.); (C.L.)
| | - Simona Collina
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (B.V.); (G.S.); (M.C.B.); (M.R.); (S.C.); (F.F.); (C.L.)
| | - Francesca Fagiani
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (B.V.); (G.S.); (M.C.B.); (M.R.); (S.C.); (F.F.); (C.L.)
- Scuola Universitaria IUSS, Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Lanni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (B.V.); (G.S.); (M.C.B.); (M.R.); (S.C.); (F.F.); (C.L.)
| | - Franca Ferrari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (B.V.); (G.S.); (M.C.B.); (M.R.); (S.C.); (F.F.); (C.L.)
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19
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Doostmohammadi M, Forootanfar H, Ramakrishna S. Regenerative medicine and drug delivery: Progress via electrospun biomaterials. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 109:110521. [PMID: 32228899 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide research on electrospinning enabled it as a versatile technique for producing nanofibers with specified physio-chemical characteristics suitable for diverse biomedical applications. In the case of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, the nanofiber scaffolds' characteristics are custom designed based on the cells and tissues specific needs. This fabrication technique is also innovated for the production of nanofibers with special micro-structure and secondary structure characteristics such as porous fibers, hollow structure, and core- sheath structure. This review attempts to critically and succinctly capture the vast number of developments reported in the literature over the past two decades. We then discuss their applications as scaffolds for induction of cells growth and differentiation or as architecture for being used as graft for tissue engineering. The special nanofibers designed for improving regeneration of several tissues including heart, bone, central nerve system, spinal cord, skin and ocular tissue are introduced. We also discuss the potential of the electrospinning in drug delivery applications, which is a critical factor for cell culture, tissue formation and wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Doostmohammadi
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Forootanfar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
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20
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Song YH, Agrawal NK, Griffin JM, Schmidt CE. Recent advances in nanotherapeutic strategies for spinal cord injury repair. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 148:38-59. [PMID: 30582938 PMCID: PMC6959132 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating and complicated condition with no cure available. The initial mechanical trauma is followed by a secondary injury characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration and inhibitory glial scar formation. Due to the limitations posed by the blood-spinal cord barrier, systemic delivery of therapeutics is challenging. Recent development of various nanoscale strategies provides exciting and promising new means of treating SCI by crossing the blood-spinal cord barrier and delivering therapeutics. As such, we discuss different nanomaterial fabrication methods and provide an overview of recent studies where nanomaterials were developed to modulate inflammatory signals, target inhibitory factors in the lesion, and promote axonal regeneration after SCI. We also review emerging areas of research such as optogenetics, immunotherapy and CRISPR-mediated genome editing where nanomaterials can provide synergistic effects in developing novel SCI therapy regimens, as well as current efforts and barriers to clinical translation of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hye Song
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nikunj K Agrawal
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan M Griffin
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christine E Schmidt
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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21
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Polonio-Alcalá E, Rabionet M, Ruiz-Martínez S, Ciurana J, Puig T. Three-Dimensional Manufactured Supports for Breast Cancer Stem Cell Population Characterization. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 20:839-851. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666181122113300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Breast Cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women and the second cause of female death for cancer. When the tumor is not correctly eradicated, there is a high relapse risk and incidence of metastasis. Breast Cancer Stem Cells (BCSCs) are responsible for initiating tumors and are resistant to current anticancer therapies being in part responsible for tumor relapse and metastasis. The study of BCSCs is limited due to their low percentage within both tumors and established cell models. Hence, three-dimensional (3D) supports are presented as an interesting tool to keep the stem-like features in 3D cell culture. In this review, several 3D culture systems are discussed. Moreover, scaffolds are presented as a tool to enrich in BCSCs in order to find new specific therapeutic strategies against this malignant subpopulation. Anticancer treatments focused on BCSCs could be useful for BC patients, with particular interest in those that progress to current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Polonio-Alcalá
- New Therapeutic Targets Laboratory (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Marc Rabionet
- New Therapeutic Targets Laboratory (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Santiago Ruiz-Martínez
- New Therapeutic Targets Laboratory (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Ciurana
- Product, Process and Production Engineering Research Group (GREP), Department of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Construction, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Teresa Puig
- New Therapeutic Targets Laboratory (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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22
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Bruggeman KF, Moriarty N, Dowd E, Nisbet DR, Parish CL. Harnessing stem cells and biomaterials to promote neural repair. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:355-368. [PMID: 30444942 PMCID: PMC6329623 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the limited capacity for self-repair in the adult CNS, efforts to stimulate quiescent stem cell populations within discrete brain regions, as well as harness the potential of stem cell transplants, offer significant hope for neural repair. These new cells are capable of providing trophic cues to support residual host populations and/or replace those cells lost to the primary insult. However, issues with low-level adult neurogenesis, cell survival, directed differentiation and inadequate reinnervation of host tissue have impeded the full potential of these therapeutic approaches and their clinical advancement. Biomaterials offer novel approaches to stimulate endogenous neurogenesis, as well as for the delivery and support of neural progenitor transplants, providing a tissue-appropriate physical and trophic milieu for the newly integrating cells. In this review, we will discuss the various approaches by which bioengineered scaffolds may improve stem cell-based therapies for repair of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Bruggeman
- Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Research School of EngineeringThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
| | - N Moriarty
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics and Galway Neuroscience CentreNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - E Dowd
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics and Galway Neuroscience CentreNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - D R Nisbet
- Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Research School of EngineeringThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
| | - C L Parish
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
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23
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Nanodelivery of cerebrolysin reduces pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2019; 245:201-246. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Vigani B, Rossi S, Milanesi G, Bonferoni MC, Sandri G, Bruni G, Ferrari F. Electrospun Alginate Fibers: Mixing of Two Different Poly(ethylene oxide) Grades to Improve Fiber Functional Properties. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E971. [PMID: 30477265 PMCID: PMC6315736 DOI: 10.3390/nano8120971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to investigate how the molecular weight (MW) of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), a synthetic polymer able to improve alginate (ALG) electrospinnability, could affect ALG-based fiber morphology and mechanical properties. Two PEO grades, having different MWs (high, h-PEO, and low, l-PEO) were blended with ALG: the concentrations of both PEOs in each mixture were defined so that each h-PEO/l-PEO combination would show the same viscosity at high shear rate. Seven ALG/h-PEO/l-PEO mixtures were prepared and characterized in terms of viscoelasticity and conductivity and, for each mixture, a complex parameter rH/rL was calculated to better identify which of the two PEO grades prevails over the other in terms of exceeding the critical entanglement concentration. Thereafter, each mixture was electrospun by varying the process parameters; the fiber morphology and mechanical properties were evaluated. Finally, viscoelastic measurements were performed to verify the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the two PEO grades and ALG. rH/rL has been proved to be the parameter that better explains the effect of the electrospinning conditions on fiber dimension. The addition of a small amount of h-PEO to l-PEO was responsible for a significant increase in fiber mechanical resistance, without affecting the nano-scale fiber size. Moreover, the mixing of h-PEO and l-PEO improved the interaction with ALG, resulting in an increase in chain entanglement degree that is functional in the electrospinning process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Vigani
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Giulia Milanesi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | | | - Giuseppina Sandri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Bruni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Franca Ferrari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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25
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Baker Z, Therrien K, LaFosse PK, Noor A, Peixoto N. Long-Term Depression Learning in Spinal Cord Networks. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2018; 2018:2667-2670. [PMID: 30440955 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2018.8512871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Investigating learning in networks of spinal cord neurons can provide insight into the dynamics of connectivity in human spinal cords. It may also hold implications for developing neural prosthetics and neurocomputers. Culturing neural networks on microelectrode arrays (MEAs) allows for the repeated observation and stimulation of electrophysiological activity in vitro. Here we used MEAs to demonstrate learning in networks of spinal cord neurons. This was done by exposing E17 mouse spinal cord cultures to high frequency artificial spike trains, or tetanization. Unexpectedly, when comparing the networks' responses to low-frequency probing stimulations before and after tetanization, the cultures were found to demonstrate long-term depression (LTD). LTD was most significantly observed between 500-1000 ms after low-frequency probing. These results indicate that periodic high-frequency excitation of spinal cord networks can result in decreased synaptic efficacy.
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26
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Reis KP, Sperling LE, Teixeira C, Paim Á, Alcântara B, Vizcay-Barrena G, Fleck RA, Pranke P. Application of PLGA/FGF-2 coaxial microfibers in spinal cord tissue engineering: an in vitro and in vivo investigation. Regen Med 2018; 13:785-801. [DOI: 10.2217/rme-2018-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Scaffolds are a promising approach for spinal cord injury (SCI) treatment. FGF-2 is involved in tissue repair but is easily degradable and presents collateral effects in systemic administration. In order to address the stability issue and avoid the systemic effects, FGF-2 was encapsulated into core–shell microfibers by coaxial electrospinning and its in vitro and in vivo potential were studied. Materials & methods: The fibers were characterized by physicochemical and biological parameters. The scaffolds were implanted in a hemisection SCI rat model. Locomotor test was performed weekly for 6 weeks. After this time, histological analyses were performed and expression of nestin and GFAP was quantified by flow cytometry. Results: Electrospinning resulted in uniform microfibers with a core–shell structure, with a sustained liberation of FGF-2 from the fibers. The fibers supported PC12 cells adhesion and proliferation. Implanted scaffolds into SCI promoted locomotor recovery at 28 days after injury and reduced GFAP expression. Conclusion: These results indicate the potential of these microfibers in SCI tissue engineering. [Formula: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina P Reis
- Hematology & Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Fundamental Health Science Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Laura E Sperling
- Hematology & Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Fundamental Health Science Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Cristian Teixeira
- Hematology & Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Fundamental Health Science Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Ágata Paim
- Hematology & Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Fundamental Health Science Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Bruno Alcântara
- Hematology & Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Fundamental Health Science Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Gema Vizcay-Barrena
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, King’s College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Roland A Fleck
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, King’s College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Patricia Pranke
- Hematology & Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Fundamental Health Science Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
- Stem Cell Research Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, 90020-10, Brazil
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27
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Dalamagkas K, Tsintou M, Seifalian A, Seifalian AM. Translational Regenerative Therapies for Chronic Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1776. [PMID: 29914060 PMCID: PMC6032191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is a chronic and debilitating neurological condition that is currently being managed symptomatically with no real therapeutic strategies available. Even though there is no consensus on the best time to start interventions, the chronic phase is definitely the most stable target in order to determine whether a therapy can effectively restore neurological function. The advancements of nanoscience and stem cell technology, combined with the powerful, novel neuroimaging modalities that have arisen can now accelerate the path of promising novel therapeutic strategies from bench to bedside. Several types of stem cells have reached up to clinical trials phase II, including adult neural stem cells, human spinal cord stem cells, olfactory ensheathing cells, autologous Schwann cells, umbilical cord blood-derived mononuclear cells, adult mesenchymal cells, and autologous bone-marrow-derived stem cells. There also have been combinations of different molecular therapies; these have been either alone or combined with supportive scaffolds with nanostructures to facilitate favorable cell⁻material interactions. The results already show promise but it will take some coordinated actions in order to develop a proper step-by-step approach to solve impactful problems with neural repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriakos Dalamagkas
- The Institute for Rehabilitation and Research, Memorial Hermann Texas Medical Centre, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College of London (UCL), London NW3 2QG, UK.
| | - Magdalini Tsintou
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College of London (UCL), London NW3 2QG, UK.
- Center for Neural Systems Investigations, Massachusetts General Hospital/HST Athinoula A., Martinos Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Amelia Seifalian
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, UCL Medical School, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Alexander M Seifalian
- NanoRegMed Ltd. (Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine Commercialization Centre), The London BioScience Innovation Centre, London NW1 0NH, UK.
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Burcham PC. Carbonyl scavengers as pharmacotherapies in degenerative disease: Hydralazine repurposing and challenges in clinical translation. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 154:397-406. [PMID: 29883705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
During cellular metabolism, spontaneous oxidative damage to unsaturated lipids generates many electrophilic carbonyl compounds that readily attack cell macromolecules, forming adducts that are potential drivers of tissue dysfunction. Since such damage is heightened in many degenerative conditions, researchers have assessed the efficacy of nucleophilic carbonyl-trapping drugs in animal models of such disorders, anticipating that they will protect tissues by intercepting toxic lipid-derived electrophiles (LDEs) within cells. This Commentary explores recent animal evidence for carbonyl scavenger efficacy in two disparate yet significant conditions known to involve LDE production, namely spinal cord injury (SCI) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Primary emphasis is placed on studies that utilised hydralazine, a clinically-approved "broad-spectrum" scavenger known to trap multiple LDEs. In addition to reviewing recent studies of hydralazine efficacy in animal SCI and ALD models, the Commentary reviews new insights concerning novel lifespan- and healthspan-extending properties of hydralazine obtained during studies in model invertebrate organisms, since the mechanisms involved seem of likely benefit during the treatment of degenerative disease. Finally, noting that human translation of the histoprotective properties of hydralazine have been limited, the final section of the Commentary will address two obstacles that hamper clinical translation of LDE-trapping therapies while also suggesting potential strategies for overcoming these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Burcham
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6007, Australia.
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29
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Yao ZA, Chen FJ, Cui HL, Lin T, Guo N, Wu HG. Efficacy of chitosan and sodium alginate scaffolds for repair of spinal cord injury in rats. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:502-509. [PMID: 29623937 PMCID: PMC5900515 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.228756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury results in the loss of motor and sensory pathways and spontaneous regeneration of adult mammalian spinal cord neurons is limited. Chitosan and sodium alginate have good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and are suitable to assist the recovery of damaged tissues, such as skin, bone and nerve. Chitosan scaffolds, sodium alginate scaffolds and chitosan-sodium alginate scaffolds were separately transplanted into rats with spinal cord hemisection. Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan locomotor rating scale scores and electrophysiological results showed that chitosan scaffolds promoted recovery of locomotor capacity and nerve transduction of the experimental rats. Sixty days after surgery, chitosan scaffolds retained the original shape of the spinal cord. Compared with sodium alginate scaffolds- and chitosan-sodium alginate scaffolds-transplanted rats, more neurofilament-H-immunoreactive cells (regenerating nerve fibers) and less glial fibrillary acidic protein-immunoreactive cells (astrocytic scar tissue) were observed at the injury site of experimental rats in chitosan scaffold-transplanted rats. Due to the fast degradation rate of sodium alginate, sodium alginate scaffolds and composite material scaffolds did not have a supporting and bridging effect on the damaged tissue. Above all, compared with sodium alginate and composite material scaffolds, chitosan had better biocompatibility, could promote the regeneration of nerve fibers and prevent the formation of scar tissue, and as such, is more suitable to help the repair of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ang Yao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Feng-Jia Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hong-Li Cui
- School of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Tong Lin
- School of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Na Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hai-Ge Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
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30
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Vigani B, Rossi S, Sandri G, Bonferoni MC, Ferrari F. Design and criteria of electrospun fibrous scaffolds for the treatment of spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1786-1790. [PMID: 29239316 PMCID: PMC5745824 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.219029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex pathophysiology of spinal cord injury may explain the current lack of an effective therapeutic approach for the regeneration of damaged neuronal cells and the recovery of motor functions. Many efforts have been performed to design and develop suitable scaffolds for spinal cord regeneration, keeping in mind that the reconstruction of a pro-regenerative environment is the key challenge for an effective neurogenesis. The aim of this review is to outline the main features of an ideal scaffold, based on biomaterials, produced by the electrospinning technique and intended for the spinal cord regeneration. An overview of the polymers more investigated in the production of neural fibrous scaffolds is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Vigani
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Sandri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Franca Ferrari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, Pavia, Italy
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