1
|
Rocío Hernández A, Bogdanova E, Campos Pacheco JE, Kocherbitov V, Ekström M, Pilkington G, Valetti S. Disordered mesoporous silica particles: an emerging platform to deliver proteins to the lungs. Drug Deliv 2024; 31:2381340. [PMID: 39041383 PMCID: PMC11268259 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2024.2381340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary delivery and formulation of biologics are among the more complex and growing scientific topics in drug delivery. We herein developed a dry powder formulation using disordered mesoporous silica particles (MSP) as the sole excipient and lysozyme, the most abundant antimicrobial proteins in the airways, as model protein. The MSP had the optimal size for lung deposition (2.43 ± 0.13 µm). A maximum lysozyme loading capacity (0.35 mg/mg) was achieved in 150 mM PBS, which was seven times greater than that in water. After washing and freeze-drying, we obtained a dry powder consisting of spherical, non-aggregated particles, free from residual buffer, or unabsorbed lysozyme. The presence of lysozyme was confirmed by TGA and FT-IR, while N2 adsorption/desorption and SAXS analysis indicate that the protein is confined within the internal mesoporous structure. The dry powder exhibited excellent aerodynamic performance (fine particle fraction <5 µm of 70.32%). Lysozyme was released in simulated lung fluid in a sustained kinetics and maintaining high enzymatic activity (71-91%), whereas LYS-MSP were shown to degrade into aggregated nanoparticulate microstructures, reaching almost complete dissolution (93%) within 24 h. MSPs were nontoxic to in vitro lung epithelium. The study demonstrates disordered MSP as viable carriers to successfully deliver protein to the lungs, with high deposition and retained activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aura Rocío Hernández
- Biofilms – Research Center for Biointerfaces (BRCB), Malmö, Sweden
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ekaterina Bogdanova
- Biofilms – Research Center for Biointerfaces (BRCB), Malmö, Sweden
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jesus E. Campos Pacheco
- Biofilms – Research Center for Biointerfaces (BRCB), Malmö, Sweden
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Vitaly Kocherbitov
- Biofilms – Research Center for Biointerfaces (BRCB), Malmö, Sweden
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | | | - Sabrina Valetti
- Biofilms – Research Center for Biointerfaces (BRCB), Malmö, Sweden
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bianchera A, Donofrio G, Sonvico F, Bettini R. Dry powder formulations of hyperimmune serum. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01678-8. [PMID: 39085576 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01678-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Effective strategies against the spread of respiratory viruses are needed, as tragically demonstrated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Apart from vaccines, other preventive or protective measures are necessary: one promising strategy involves the nasal delivery of preventive or protective agents, targeting the site of initial infection. Harnessing the immune system's ability to produce specific antibodies, a hyperimmune serum, collected from an individual vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, was formulated as a dry powder for nasal administration. The selection of adequate excipients and process are key to maintaining protein stability and modulating the aerodynamic properties of the powders for reaching the desired respiratory regions. To this end, a hyperimmune serum was formulated with trehalose and mannitol as bulking agents during spray drying, then the ability of the redissolved immunoglobulins to bind Spike protein was verified by ELISA; foetal bovine serum was formulated in the same conditions as a reference. Moreover, a seroneutralization assay against SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses generated from different variants of concern was performed. The neutralizing ability of the serum was slightly reduced with respect to the starting serum when trehalose was used as a bulking agent. The powders were loaded in hypromellose capsules and aerosolized employing a nasal insufflator in an in vitro model of the nasal cavity connected to a Next Generation Impactor. The analysis of the powder distribution confirmed that all powders were inhalable and could target, at the same time, the upper and the lower airways. This is a preliminary proof-of-concept that this approach can constitute an effective strategy to provide broad coverage and protection against SARS-CoV-2, and in general against viruses affecting the airway. According to blood availability from donors, pools of hyperimmune sera could be rapidly formulated and administered, providing a simultaneous and timely neutralization of emerging viral variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Bianchera
- Department of Food and Drug Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 27/a, 43124, Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for the Innovation of Health Products, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze, Biopharmanet-TecPadiglione 33, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Gaetano Donofrio
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for the Innovation of Health Products, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze, Biopharmanet-TecPadiglione 33, 43124, Parma, Italy
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio Sonvico
- Department of Food and Drug Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 27/a, 43124, Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for the Innovation of Health Products, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze, Biopharmanet-TecPadiglione 33, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Department of Food and Drug Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 27/a, 43124, Parma, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for the Innovation of Health Products, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze, Biopharmanet-TecPadiglione 33, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang Y, Tang H, Meng X, Liu D, Liu Y, Chen B, Zou Z. Highly Drug-Loaded Nanoaggregate Microparticles for Pulmonary Delivery of Cyclosporin A. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:7529-7546. [PMID: 39071501 PMCID: PMC11283786 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s470134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nanoparticles have the advantages of improving the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs, facilitating the drug across biological barriers, and reducing macrophage phagocytosis in pulmonary drug delivery. However, nanoparticles have a small aerodynamic particle size, which makes it difficult to achieve optimal deposition when delivered directly to the lungs. Therefore, delivering nanoparticles to the lungs effectively has become a popular research topic. Methods Nanoaggregate microparticles were used as a pulmonary drug delivery strategy for the improvement of the bioavailability of cyclosporine A (CsA). The nanoaggregate microparticles were prepared with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as the excipient by combining the anti-solvent method and spray drying process. The physicochemical properties, aerodynamic properties, in vivo pharmacokinetics and inhalation toxicity of nanoaggregate microparticles were systematically evaluated. Results The optimal nanoparticles exhibited mainly spherical shapes with the particle size and zeta potential of 180.52 nm and -19.8 mV. The nanoaggregate microparticles exhibited irregular shapes with the particle sizes of less than 1.6 µm and drug loading (DL) values higher than 70%. Formulation NM-2 as the optimal nanoaggregate microparticles was suitable for pulmonary drug delivery and probably deposited in the bronchiole and alveolar region, with FPF and MMAD values of 89.62% and 1.74 μm. In addition, inhaled NM-2 had C max and AUC0-∞ values approximately 1.7-fold and 1.8-fold higher than oral cyclosporine soft capsules (Neoral®). The inhalation toxicity study suggested that pulmonary delivery of NM-2 did not result in lung function damage, inflammatory responses, or tissue lesions. Conclusion The novel nanoaggregate microparticles for pulmonary drug delivery could effectively enhance the relative bioavailability of CsA and had great potential for clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongpeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangyan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tai W, Yau GTY, Arnold JC, Chan HK, Kwok PCL. High-loading cannabidiol powders for inhalation. Int J Pharm 2024; 660:124370. [PMID: 38906498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Limited attempts have been made previously to develop high-loading CBD inhalable powders, which are essential for high dose delivery. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and characterise inhalable powders with ≥ 95 % w/w CBD by wet ball milling. The effects of magnesium stearate (2 % and 5 %) and inhaler resistance (low-resistance and high-resistance RS01 inhalers) on aerosol performance were also compared. Wet ball milling produced CBD powders with > 50 % production yield. The milled particles showed irregular shapes. The powders were crystalline with minimal amorphous content, low residual solvent level (<1%), and low moisture sorption (<4%). Magnesium stearate improved both the emitted and fine particle fractions. The aerodynamic particle size distribution of the formulations differed between the low-resistance and high-resistance RS01 inhalers. The latter decreased throat deposition but increased inhaler retention. The dissolution profiles showed that all three formulations released CBD steadily and plateaued at 30 min. The best scenario was CBD with 5 % magnesium stearate dispersed from the high resistance RS01 inhaler, showing the highest FPF with the lowest throat deposition. This combination may be tested in vivo in the future to investigate its pharmacokinetic profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waiting Tai
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Grace Tsz Yan Yau
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jonathon Carl Arnold
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Philip Chi Lip Kwok
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yagi H, Tomono T, Abe K, Tsutsumi Y, Makabe M, Mitsuhashi H, Kimura T, Kobayashi H, Miyata K, Shigeno K, Sakuma S. Validation of the Absorption-Enhancing Ability of Oligoarginines Grafted onto a Backbone of Hyaluronic Acid through Animal Studies from Rodents to Primates. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:3485-3501. [PMID: 38804275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of our research is to develop functional additives that enhance mucosal absorption of biologics, such as peptide/protein and antibody drugs, to provide their non-to-poor invasive dosage forms self-managed by patients. Our previous in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrated that the intranasal absorption of biologics in mice was significantly improved when coadministered with oligoarginines anchored chemically to hyaluronic acid via a glycine spacer, presumably through syndecan-4-mediated macropinocytosis under activation by oligoarginines. The present mouse experiments first revealed that diglycine-L-tetraarginine-linked hyaluronic acid significantly enhanced the intranasal absorption of sulpiride, which is a poor-absorptive organic compound with a low molecular weight. However, similar enhancement was not observed for levofloxacin, which has a similarly low molecular weight but is a well-absorptive organic compound, probably because its absorption was mostly dominated by passive diffusion. The subsequent monkey experiments revealed that there was no species difference in the absorption-enhancing ability of diglycine-L-tetraarginine-linked hyaluronic acid for not only organic compounds but also biologics. This was presumably because the expression levels of endocytosis-associated membrane proteins on the nasal mucosa in monkeys were almost equivalent to those in mice, and poorly membrane-permeable/membrane-impermeable drugs were mainly absorbed via syndecan-4-mediated macropinocytosis, regardless of animal species. Drug concentrations in the brain assessed in mice and monkeys and those in the cerebral spinal fluids (CSFs) assessed in monkeys indicated that drugs would be delivered from the systemic circulation to the central nervous system by crossing the blood-brain and the blood-CSF barriers under coadministration with the hyaluronic acid derivative. In line with our original hypothesis, this new set of data supported that our oligoarginine-linked hyaluronic acid would locally perform on the mucosal surface and enhance the membrane permeation of drugs under its colocalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruya Yagi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1, Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Takumi Tomono
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1, Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Koji Abe
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tsutsumi
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Muneyoshi Makabe
- Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., 1-16-13, Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
| | - Hiromi Mitsuhashi
- Translational Research Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., 1-16-13, Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kimura
- Translational Research Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., 1-16-13, Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
| | - Hideo Kobayashi
- Research Management Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., 1-16-13, Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
| | - Kohei Miyata
- Life Science Materials Laboratory, ADEKA Co., 7-2-34, Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-8553, Japan
| | - Koichi Shigeno
- Life Science Materials Laboratory, ADEKA Co., 7-2-34, Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-8553, Japan
| | - Shinji Sakuma
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1, Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wolters RM, Ferguson JA, Nuñez IA, Chen EE, Sornberger T, Myers L, Oeverdieck S, Raghavan SSR, Kona C, Handal LS, Esilu TE, Davidson E, Doranz BJ, Engdahl TB, Kose N, Williamson LE, Creech CB, Gibson-Corley KN, Ward AB, Crowe JE. Isolation of human antibodies against influenza B neuraminidase and mechanisms of protection at the airway interface. Immunity 2024; 57:1413-1427.e9. [PMID: 38823390 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Influenza B viruses (IBVs) comprise a substantial portion of the circulating seasonal human influenza viruses. Here, we describe the isolation of human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that recognized the IBV neuraminidase (NA) glycoprotein from an individual following seasonal vaccination. Competition-binding experiments suggested the antibodies recognized two major antigenic sites. One group, which included mAb FluB-393, broadly inhibited IBV NA sialidase activity, protected prophylactically in vivo, and bound to the lateral corner of NA. The second group contained an active site mAb, FluB-400, that broadly inhibited IBV NA sialidase activity and virus replication in vitro in primary human respiratory epithelial cell cultures and protected against IBV in vivo when administered systemically or intranasally. Overall, the findings described here shape our mechanistic understanding of the human immune response to the IBV NA glycoprotein through the demonstration of two mAb delivery routes for protection against IBV and the identification of potential IBV therapeutic candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M Wolters
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James A Ferguson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ivette A Nuñez
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Elaine E Chen
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ty Sornberger
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Luke Myers
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Svearike Oeverdieck
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sai Sundar Rajan Raghavan
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Chandrahaas Kona
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Laura S Handal
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | | | | | - Taylor B Engdahl
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nurgun Kose
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Lauren E Williamson
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - C Buddy Creech
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Katherine N Gibson-Corley
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - James E Crowe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Barlang LA, Deimel I, Mohl BP, Blaurock C, Balkema-Buschmann A, Weinbender K, Hess B, Obernolte H, Merkel OM, Popp A. Distribution and suitability of pulmonary surfactants as a vehicle for topically applied antibodies in healthy and SARS-CoV-2 infected rodent lungs. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 196:106744. [PMID: 38471595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The use of natural pulmonary surfactants (PS) as a drug delivery vehicle for biologics is a more recent therapeutic modality. Herein, we tested different contents of PS regarding their physicochemical properties under stress conditions. The PS content of 12.25 mg/ml (Formulation B) showed desired properties such as an isotonic osmolality ∼300 mOsm/kg and an acceptable viscosity of 8.61 cSt, being lower than in commercially available PS solutions. Formulation B passed the specifications of surface lowering capacities of >80 % total lung capacity and physiologically desired formulation properties were independent of the antibody used in the composition. The identified formulation showed the capability of significantly increasing the oxygen saturation in ex vivo isolated perfused rat lungs, compared to a control and up to 30 min post lavage. In the in vivo setting, we showed that intratracheal administration of a human mAB with and without pulmonary surfactant led to higher amounts of delivered antibody within the alveolar tissue compared to intravenous administration. The antibody with the PS formulation remained longer in the alveolar tissues than the antibody without the PS formulation. Further, SARS-CoV-2 infected Golden Syrian hamsters showed that the intranasally applied antibody reached the site of infection in the alveoli and could be detected in the alveolar region 24 h after the last administration. With this work, we demonstrated that pulmonary surfactants can be used as a pulmonary drug delivery mechanism for antibodies and may subsequently improve the antibody efficacy by increasing the residence time at the desired site of action in the alveolar tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lea-Adriana Barlang
- Preclinical Safety, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Butenandtstraße 5‑13, 8133 Munich, Germany; Quantitative, Translational & ADME Sciences, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany.
| | - Isabelle Deimel
- Biologics Drug Product Development Department, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co.KG, Knollstraße, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Björn-Patrick Mohl
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald- Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Claudia Blaurock
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald- Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Anne Balkema-Buschmann
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald- Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Kristina Weinbender
- Preclinical Safety, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Brian Hess
- Quality Control Laboratories, AbbVie Inc. Illinois, USA
| | - Helena Obernolte
- Department of Preclinical Pharmacology and In Vitro Toxicology, Fraunhofer ITEM, Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Olivia M Merkel
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Butenandtstraße 5‑13, 8133 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Popp
- Preclinical Safety, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang B, Wang L, Yang Q, Zhang Y, Qinglai T, Yang X, Xiao Z, Lei L, Li S. Pulmonary inhalation for disease treatment: Basic research and clinical translations. Mater Today Bio 2024; 25:100966. [PMID: 38318475 PMCID: PMC10840005 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.100966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary drug delivery has the advantages of being rapid, efficient, and well-targeted, with few systemic side effects. In addition, it is non-invasive and has good patient compliance, making it a highly promising drug delivery mode. However, there have been limited studies on drug delivery via pulmonary inhalation compared with oral and intravenous modes. This paper summarizes the basic research and clinical translation of pulmonary inhalation drug delivery for the treatment of diseases and provides insights into the latest advances in pulmonary drug delivery. The paper discusses the processing methods for pulmonary drug delivery, drug carriers (with a focus on various types of nanoparticles), delivery devices, and applications in pulmonary diseases and treatment of systemic diseases (e.g., COVID-19, inhaled vaccines, diagnosis of the diseases, and diabetes mellitus) with an updated summary of recent research advances. Furthermore, this paper describes the applications and recent progress in pulmonary drug delivery for lung diseases and expands the use of pulmonary drugs for other systemic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, 256610, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yuming Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Tang Qinglai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Xinming Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Zian Xiao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Lanjie Lei
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shisheng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zheng Y, Li Y, Li M, Wang R, Jiang Y, Zhao M, Lu J, Li R, Li X, Shi S. COVID-19 cooling: Nanostrategies targeting cytokine storm for controlling severe and critical symptoms. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:738-811. [PMID: 37990647 DOI: 10.1002/med.21997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants continue to wreak havoc worldwide, the "Cytokine Storm" (CS, also known as the inflammatory storm) or Cytokine Release Syndrome has reemerged in the public consciousness. CS is a significant contributor to the deterioration of infected individuals. Therefore, CS control is of great significance for the treatment of critically ill patients and the reduction of mortality rates. With the occurrence of variants, concerns regarding the efficacy of vaccines and antiviral drugs with a broad spectrum have grown. We should make an effort to modernize treatment strategies to address the challenges posed by mutations. Thus, in addition to the requirement for additional clinical data to monitor the long-term effects of vaccines and broad-spectrum antiviral drugs, we can use CS as an entry point and therapeutic target to alleviate the severity of the disease in patients. To effectively combat the mutation, new technologies for neutralizing or controlling CS must be developed. In recent years, nanotechnology has been widely applied in the biomedical field, opening up a plethora of opportunities for CS. Here, we put forward the view of cytokine storm as a therapeutic target can be used to treat critically ill patients by expounding the relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and CS and the mechanisms associated with CS. We pay special attention to the representative strategies of nanomaterials in current neutral and CS research, as well as their potential chemical design and principles. We hope that the nanostrategies described in this review provide attractive treatment options for severe and critical COVID-19 caused by CS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mao Li
- Health Management Centre, Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rujing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhong Jiang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengnan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Sanjun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Schlosser CS, Williams GR, Dziemidowicz K. Advanced Formulation Approaches for Proteins. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024; 284:69-91. [PMID: 37059912 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Proteins and peptides are highly desirable as therapeutic agents, being highly potent and specific. However, there are myriad challenges with processing them into patient-friendly formulations: they are often unstable and have a tendency to aggregate or degrade upon storage. As a result, the vast majority of protein actives are delivered parenterally as solutions, which has a number of disadvantages in terms of cost, accessibility, and patient experience. Much work has been undertaken to develop new delivery systems for biologics, but to date this has led to relatively few products on the market. In this chapter, we review the challenges faced when developing biologic formulations, discuss the technologies that have been explored to try to overcome these, and consider the different delivery routes that can be applied. We further present an overview of the currently marketed products and assess the likely direction of travel in the next decade.
Collapse
|
11
|
Khobarkar P, Nakanekar A. Acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma with infective focus treated with holistic Ayurveda approach: A case report. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2024; 15:100824. [PMID: 38262328 PMCID: PMC10945435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
While there are numerous published clinical trials investigating the efficacy of Ayurveda in managing bronchial asthma, a paucity of published case reports, case series, or randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concerning Basti (medicated enema) therapy in conjunction with Dhumapana (fumigation therapy) exists on PubMed.This scarcity of data hinders the comprehensive evaluation of this specific Ayurvedic approach for asthma management. A 69-year-old female patient with a known case of bronchial asthma and hypertension presented with complaints of breathlessness on and off for 3 years, cough, urgency of micturition, constipation for 7 days, and fever for 3 days. The patient was treated according to the treatment principles of Tamakshwas (bronchial asthma) and Jwara (fever). Basti, Dhumapana, and oral Ayurvedic formulations were administered. Significant improvements in symptoms, the mMRC dyspnea scale, and the pulmonary function test were observed. This case provides new insight into clinical diagnosis and management through gut modulation in respiratory diseases and vice versa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Punam Khobarkar
- Kayachikitsa All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi, India; Kayachikitsa Government Ayurved College, Nagpur, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sharma D, Pooja, Nirban S, Ojha S, Kumar T, Jain N, Mohamad N, Kumar P, Pandey M. Nano vs Resistant Tuberculosis: Taking the Lung Route. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:252. [PMID: 38049695 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02708-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is among the top 10 infectious diseases worldwide. It is categorized among the leading killer diseases that are the reason for the death of millions of people globally. Although a standardized treatment regimen is available, non-adherence to treatment has increased multi-drug resistance (MDR) and extensive drug-resistant (XDR) TB development. Another challenge is targeting the death of TB reservoirs in the alveoli via conventional treatment. TB Drug resistance may emerge as a futuristic restraint of TB with the scarcity of effective Anti-tubercular drugs. The paradigm change towards nano-targeted drug delivery systems is mostly due to the absence of effective therapy and increased TB infection recurrent episodes with MDR. The emerging field of nanotechnology gave an admirable opportunity to combat MDR and XDR via accurate diagnosis with effective treatment. The new strategies targeting the lung via the pulmonary route may overcome the new incidence of MDR and enhance patient compliance. Therefore, this review highlights the importance and recent research on pulmonary drug delivery with nanotechnology along with prevalence, the need for the development of nanotechnology, beneficial aspects of nanomedicine, safety concerns of nanocarriers, and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Pooja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Sunita Nirban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Smriti Ojha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Tarun Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Neha Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Najwa Mohamad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Cyberjaya, Persiaran Bestari, 63000, Cyberjaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, Haryana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Salehi T, Raeisi Estabragh MA, Salarpour S, Ohadi M, Dehghannoudeh G. Absorption enhancer approach for protein delivery by various routes of administration: a rapid review. J Drug Target 2023; 31:950-961. [PMID: 37842966 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2271680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
As bioactive molecules, peptides and proteins are essential in living organisms, including animals and humans. Defects in their function lead to various diseases in humans. Therefore, the use of proteins in treating multiple diseases, such as cancers and hepatitis, is increasing. There are different routes to administer proteins, which have limitations due to their large and hydrophilic structure. Another limitation is the presence of biological and lipophilic membranes that do not allow proteins to pass quickly. There are different strategies to increase the absorption of proteins from these biological membranes. One of these strategies is to use compounds as absorption enhancers. Absorption enhancers are compounds such as surfactants, phospholipids and cyclodextrins that increase protein passage through the biological membrane and their absorption by different mechanisms. This review focuses on using other absorption enhancers and their mechanism in protein administration routes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toktam Salehi
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Raeisi Estabragh
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Soodeh Salarpour
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mandana Ohadi
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Dehghannoudeh
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Guo H, Cho B, Hinton PR, He S, Yu Y, Ramesh AK, Sivaccumar JP, Ku Z, Campo K, Holland S, Sachdeva S, Mensch C, Dawod M, Whitaker A, Eisenhauer P, Falcone A, Honce R, Botten JW, Carroll SF, Keyt BA, Womack AW, Strohl WR, Xu K, Zhang N, An Z, Ha S, Shiver JW, Fu TM. An ACE2 decamer viral trap as a durable intervention solution for current and future SARS-CoV. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2275598. [PMID: 38078382 PMCID: PMC10768737 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2275598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of SARS-CoV-2 to evolve poses challenges to conventional prevention and treatment options such as vaccination and monoclonal antibodies, as they rely on viral receptor binding domain (RBD) sequences from previous strains. Additionally, animal CoVs, especially those of the SARS family, are now appreciated as a constant pandemic threat. We present here a new antiviral approach featuring inhalation delivery of a recombinant viral trap composed of ten copies of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) fused to the IgM Fc. This ACE2 decamer viral trap is designed to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 entry function, regardless of viral RBD sequence variations as shown by its high neutralization potency against all known SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron BQ.1, BQ.1.1, XBB.1 and XBB.1.5. In addition, it demonstrates potency against SARS-CoV-1, human NL63, as well as bat and pangolin CoVs. The multivalent trap is effective in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings since a single intranasal dosing confers protection in human ACE2 transgenic mice against viral challenges. Lastly, this molecule is stable at ambient temperature for more than twelve weeks and can sustain physical stress from aerosolization. These results demonstrate the potential of a decameric ACE2 viral trap as an inhalation solution for ACE2-dependent coronaviruses of current and future pandemic concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sijia He
- IGM Biosciences, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - Ashwin Kumar Ramesh
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jwala Priyadarsini Sivaccumar
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Ku
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Annalis Whitaker
- Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Philip Eisenhauer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Allison Falcone
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Rebekah Honce
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jason W. Botten
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kai Xu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sha Ha
- IGM Biosciences, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ledo AM, Dimke T, Tschantz WR, Rowlands D, Growcott E. The role of airway mucus and diseased pulmonary epithelium on the absorption of inhaled antibodies. Int J Pharm 2023; 647:123519. [PMID: 37852310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Inhaled antibody therapy for the treatment of respiratory diseases is a promising strategy to maximize pulmonary exposure and reduce side effects associated with parenteral administration. However, the development of inhaled antibodies is often challenging due to a poor understanding of key mechanisms governing antibody absorption and clearance in healthy and diseased pulmonary epithelium. Here, we utilize well established Human Bronchial Epithelial Cell (HBEC) models grown at air-liquid interface to study the absorption process of antibodies and antibody fragments. With these cellular models, we recapitulate the morphology and function of healthy and diseased pulmonary epithelium, and incorporate the mucosal barrier to enable the investigation of both cellular permeability as well as mucodiffusion. We studied the saturation of antibody transport across the HBEC barriers and estimated the impact of disease-like epithelial barriers on antibody paracellular transport. Additionally, we identified a potential role of neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn)-independent and target-mediated transcytosis in the transport of Fragment antigen-binding (Fab) and F(ab)2 antibody fragments. Lastly, our models were able to pinpoint an impaired antibody diffusion across mucus gels. These mechanistic cellular models are promising in vitro tools to inform Physiologically-based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) computational models for dose prediction toward de-risking the development of inhaled biologics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Martinez Ledo
- Disease Area X, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
| | - Thomas Dimke
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - William R Tschantz
- NIBR Biologics Center, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
| | - David Rowlands
- Disease Area X, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
| | - Ellena Growcott
- Disease Area X, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sharma S, Leonard A, Phoenix K, Chang HY, Wang J, Hansel S. Systemically Administered Anti-uPAR Antibody Plasma and Lung ELF Pharmacokinetics Characterized by Minimal Lung PBPK Model. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:236. [PMID: 37989972 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02689-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-based therapeutics have recently gained keen attention for the treatment of pulmonary indications. However, systemically administered antibody exposure in the lungs needs to be better understood and remains a topic of interest. In this study, we evaluated the exposure of two different uPAR (urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor) targeting full-length monoclonal IgGs in plasma and lung epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of mice after IP and IV administration. Antibody AK17 exhibited linear pharmacokinetics (PK) in plasma and ELF at 3 and 30 mg/kg single IV dose. The average plasma and ELF half-lives for AK17 and AK21 ranged between ~321-411 h and ~230-345 h, respectively, indicating sustained systemic and lung exposure of antibodies. The average ELF to the plasma concentration ratio of antibodies was ~0.01 and ~0.03 with IP and IV dosing, respectively, over 2 weeks post single dose. We simultaneously characterized plasma and ELF PK of antibody in mice by developing a minimal lung PBPK model for antibody. This model reasonably captured the plasma and ELF PK data while estimating three parameters. The model accounts for the convective transport of antibody into the tissues via blood and lymph flow. FcRn-mediated transcytosis was incorporated into the model for antibody distribution across the lung epithelial barrier. This model serves as a platform to predict the pulmonary PK of systemically administered antibodies and to support optimal dose selection for desired exposure in the lungs as the site of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharad Sharma
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Research & Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Rd./P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut, 06877-0368, USA.
| | - Antony Leonard
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Research & Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Rd./P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut, 06877-0368, USA
| | - Kathryn Phoenix
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Research & Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Rd./P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut, 06877-0368, USA
| | - Hsueh Yuan Chang
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Research & Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Rd./P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut, 06877-0368, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Research & Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Rd./P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut, 06877-0368, USA
| | - Steven Hansel
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Research & Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Rd./P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut, 06877-0368, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rostamnezhad M, Mireskandari K, Rouini MR, Ansari S, Darabi M, Vatanara A. Screening of Cyclodextrins in the Processing of Buserelin Dry Powders for Inhalation Prepared by Spray Freeze-Drying. Adv Pharm Bull 2023; 13:772-783. [PMID: 38022810 PMCID: PMC10676555 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose In this study, we prepared inhalable buserelin microparticles using the spray freeze-drying (SFD) method for pulmonary drug delivery. Raffinose as a cryoprotectant carrier was combined with two levels of five different cyclodextrins (CDs) and then processed by SFD. Methods Dry powder diameters were evaluated by laser light scattering and morphology was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were utilized for the determination of crystalline structures. The aerodynamic properties of the spray freeze-dried powders were evaluated by twin stage impinger (TSI) and the stability of prepared samples was assessed under normal and accelerated conditions. Results The prepared powders were mostly porous spheres and the size of microparticles ranged from 9.08 to 13.53 μm, which are suitable as spray-freeze dried particles. All formulations showed amorphous structure confirmed by DSC and XRD. The aerosolization performance of the formulation containing buserelin, raffinose and 5% beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD), was the highest and its fine particle fraction (FPF) was 69.38%. The more circular and separated structures were observed in higher concentrations of CDs, which were compatible with FPFs. The highest stability was obtained in the formulation containing hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin (HP-β-16. CD) 5%. On the contrary, sulfobutylether beta-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) 5% bearing particles showed the least stability. Conclusion By adjusting the type and ratio of CDs in the presence of raffinose, the prepared formulations could effectively enhance the aerosolization and stability of buserelin. Therefore, they can be proposed as a suitable career for lung drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Rostamnezhad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katayoon Mireskandari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Rouini
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Ansari
- CinnaGen Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- CinnaGen Research and Production Co., Alborz, Iran
| | - Majid Darabi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Vatanara
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Malta R, Marques AC, da Costa PC, Amaral MH. Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels for Protein Delivery. Gels 2023; 9:802. [PMID: 37888375 PMCID: PMC10606693 DOI: 10.3390/gels9100802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins and peptides are potential therapeutic agents, but their physiochemical properties make their use as drug substances challenging. Hydrogels are hydrophilic polymeric networks that can swell and retain high amounts of water or biological fluids without being dissolved. Due to their biocompatibility, their porous structure, which enables the transport of various peptides and proteins, and their protective effect against degradation, hydrogels have gained prominence as ideal carriers for these molecules' delivery. Particularly, stimuli-responsive hydrogels exhibit physicochemical transitions in response to subtle modifications in the surrounding environment, leading to the controlled release of entrapped proteins or peptides. This review is focused on the application of these hydrogels in protein and peptide delivery, including a brief overview of therapeutic proteins and types of stimuli-responsive polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Malta
- CeNTI—Centre for Nanotechnology and Smart Materials, Rua Fernando Mesquita, 2785, 4760-034 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal;
| | - Ana Camila Marques
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Cardoso da Costa
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Amaral
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ding X, He R, Zhang T, Mei L, Zhu S, Wang C, Liao Y, Wang D, Wang H, Guo J, Chen L, Gu Z, Hu H. Lung Toxicity and Molecular Mechanisms of Lead-Based Perovskite Nanoparticles in the Respiratory System. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:42139-42152. [PMID: 37650305 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Lead-based perovskite nanoparticles (Pb-PNPs) have found extensive applications across diverse fields. However, because of poor stability and relatively strong water solubility, the potential toxicity of Pb-PNPs released into the environment during their manufacture, usage, and disposal has attracted significant attention. Inhalation is a primary route through which human exposure to Pb-PNPs occurs. Herein, the toxic effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of Pb-PNPs in the respiratory system are investigated. The in vitro cytotoxicity of CsPbBr3 nanoparticles in BEAS-2B cells is studied using multiple bioassays and electron microscopy. CsPbBr3 nanoparticles of different concentrations induce excessive oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, CsPbBr3 nanoparticles specifically recruit the TGF-β1, which subsequently induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In addition, the biodistribution and lung toxicity of representative CsPbBr3 nanoparticles in ICR mice are investigated following intranasal administration. These findings indicate that CsPbBr3 nanoparticles significantly induce pulmonary inflammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition and can even lead to pulmonary fibrosis in mouse models. Above findings expose the adverse effects and molecular mechanisms of Pb-PNPs in the lung, which broadens the safety data of Pb-PNPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Ding
- Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, P. R. China
| | - Rendong He
- Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, P. R. China
| | - Tingjun Zhang
- Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, P. R. China
| | - Linqiang Mei
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chengyan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - You Liao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, P. R. China
| | - Junsong Guo
- Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, P. R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, P. R. China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Houxiang Hu
- Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, P. R. China
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Focosi D, Maggi F. Respiratory delivery of passive immunotherapies for SARS-CoV-2 prophylaxis and therapy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2260040. [PMID: 37799070 PMCID: PMC10561570 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2260040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Convalescent plasma has been extensively tested during the COVID-19 pandemic as a transfusion product. Similarly, monoclonal antibodies have been largely administered either intravenously or intramuscularly. Nevertheless, when used against a respiratory pathogen, respiratory delivery is preferable to maximize the amount of antibody that reaches the entry door in order to prevent sustained viral multiplication. In this narrative review, we review the different types of inhalation device and summarize evidence from animal models and early clinical trials supporting the respiratory delivery (for either prophylactic or therapeutic purposes) of convalescent plasma or monoclonal antibodies (either full antibodies, single-chain variable fragments, or camelid-derived monoclonal heavy-chain only antibodies). Preliminary evidences from animal models suggest similar safety and noninferior efficacy, but efficacy evaluation from clinical trials is still limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Focosi
- North-Western Tuscany Blood Bank, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS”, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sudduth ER, Trautmann-Rodriguez M, Gill N, Bomb K, Fromen CA. Aerosol pulmonary immune engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114831. [PMID: 37100206 PMCID: PMC10527166 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Aerosolization of immunotherapies poses incredible potential for manipulating the local mucosal-specific microenvironment, engaging specialized pulmonary cellular defenders, and accessing mucosal associated lymphoid tissue to redirect systemic adaptive and memory responses. In this review, we breakdown key inhalable immunoengineering strategies for chronic, genetic, and infection-based inflammatory pulmonary disorders, encompassing the historic use of immunomodulatory agents, the transition to biological inspired or derived treatments, and novel approaches of complexing these materials into drug delivery vehicles for enhanced release outcomes. Alongside a brief description of key immune targets, fundamentals of aerosol drug delivery, and preclinical pulmonary models for immune response, we survey recent advances of inhaled immunotherapy platforms, ranging from small molecules and biologics to particulates and cell therapies, as well as prophylactic vaccines. In each section, we address the formulation design constraints for aerosol delivery as well as advantages for each platform in driving desirable immune modifications. Finally, prospects of clinical translation and outlook for inhaled immune engineering are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Sudduth
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | | | - Nicole Gill
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Kartik Bomb
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Catherine A Fromen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ponkshe P, Wang Y, Tan C. Systemic Protein Delivery via Inhalable Liposomes: Formulation and Pharmacokinetics. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1951. [PMID: 37514138 PMCID: PMC10383297 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The enormous and thin alveolar epithelium is an attractive site for systemic protein delivery. Considering the excellent biocompatibility of phospholipids with endogenous pulmonary surfactant, we engineered dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC)-based liposomes for pulmonary administration, using Cy5.5-labeled bovine serum albumin (BSA-Cy5.5) as a model protein payload. The level of cholesterol (Chol) and surface modification with PEG in inhalable liposomes were optimized iteratively based on the encapsulation efficiency, the release kinetics in the simulated lung fluid, and the uptake in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. The plasma pharmacokinetics of BSA-Cy5.5-encapsulated liposomes with the composition of DMPC/Chol/PEG at 85:10:5 (molar ratio) was studied in mice following intratracheal aerosolization, in comparison with that of free BSA-Cy5.5 solution. The biodisposition of BSA-Cy5.5 was continuously monitored using whole-body near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging for 10 days. We found that the systemic bioavailability of BSA-Cy5.5 from inhaled liposomes was 22%, which was notably higher than that of inhaled free BSA-Cy5.5. The mean residence time of BSA-Cy5.5 was markedly prolonged in mice administered intratracheally with liposomal BSA-Cy5.5, which is in agreement with the NIR imaging results. Our work demonstrates the great promise of inhalable DMPC-based liposomes to achieve non-invasive systemic protein delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Ponkshe
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Yingzhe Wang
- Preclinical Pharmacokinetic Shared Resource, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Chalet Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sécher T, Heuzé-Vourc'h N. Barriers for orally inhaled therapeutic antibodies. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1071-1084. [PMID: 37609943 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2249821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Respiratory diseases represent a worldwide health issue. The recent Sars-CoV-2 pandemic, the burden of lung cancer, and inflammatory respiratory diseases urged the development of innovative therapeutic solutions. In this context, therapeutic antibodies (Abs) offer a tremendous opportunity to benefit patients with respiratory diseases. Delivering Ab through the airways has been demonstrated to be relevant to improve their therapeutic index. However, few inhaled Abs are on the market. AREAS COVERED This review describes the different barriers that may alter the fate of inhaled therapeutic Abs in the lungs at steady state. It addresses both physical and biological barriers and discusses the importance of taking into consideration the pathological changes occurring during respiratory disease, which may reinforce these barriers. EXPERT OPINION The pulmonary route remains rare for delivering therapeutic Abs, with few approved inhaled molecules, despite promising evidence. Efforts must focus on the intertwined barriers associated with lung diseases to develop appropriate Ab-formulation-device combo, ensuring optimal Ab deposition in the respiratory tract. Finally, randomized controlled clinical trials should be carried out to establish inhaled Ab therapy as prominent against respiratory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sécher
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Tours, France
- Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Nathalie Heuzé-Vourc'h
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Tours, France
- Université de Tours, Tours, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Boboltz A, Kumar S, Duncan GA. Inhaled drug delivery for the targeted treatment of asthma. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 198:114858. [PMID: 37178928 PMCID: PMC10330872 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic lung disease affecting millions worldwide. While classically acknowledged to result from allergen-driven type 2 inflammatory responses leading to IgE and cytokine production and the influx of immune cells such as mast cells and eosinophils, the wide range in asthmatic pathobiological subtypes lead to highly variable responses to anti-inflammatory therapies. Thus, there is a need to develop patient-specific therapies capable of addressing the full spectrum of asthmatic lung disease. Moreover, delivery of targeted treatments for asthma directly to the lung may help to maximize therapeutic benefit, but challenges remain in design of effective formulations for the inhaled route. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of asthmatic disease progression as well as genetic and epigenetic disease modifiers associated with asthma severity and exacerbation of disease. We also overview the limitations of clinically available treatments for asthma and discuss pre-clinical models of asthma used to evaluate new therapies. Based on the shortcomings of existing treatments, we highlight recent advances and new approaches to treat asthma via inhalation for monoclonal antibody delivery, mucolytic therapy to target airway mucus hypersecretion and gene therapies to address underlying drivers of disease. Finally, we conclude with discussion on the prospects for an inhaled vaccine to prevent asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison Boboltz
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Sahana Kumar
- Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Gregg A Duncan
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States; Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Matera MG, Calzetta L, Rinaldi B, Cazzola M, Rogliani P. Strategies for overcoming the biological barriers associated with the administration of inhaled monoclonal antibodies for lung diseases. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1085-1095. [PMID: 37715502 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2260310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) should be administered by inhalation rather than parenterally to improve their efficiency in lung diseases. However, the pulmonary administration of mAbs in terms of aerosol technology and the formulation for inhalation is difficult. AREAS COVERED The feasible or suitable strategies for overcoming the barriers associated with administering mAbs are described. EXPERT OPINION Providing mAbs via inhalation to individuals with lung disorders is still difficult. However, inhalation is a desirable method for mAb delivery. Inhaled mAb production needs to be well thought out. The illness, the patient group(s), the therapeutic molecule selected, its interaction with the biological barriers in the lungs, the formulation, excipients, and administration systems must all be thoroughly investigated. Therefore, to create inhaled mAbs that are stable and efficacious, it will be essential to thoroughly examine the problems linked to instability and protein aggregation. More excipients will also need to be manufactured, expanding the range of formulation design choices. Another crucial requirement is for novel carriers for topical delivery to the lungs since carriers might significantly enhance proteins' stability and pharmacokinetic profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriella Matera
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Luigino Calzetta
- Unit of Respiratory Diseases and Lung Function, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Barbara Rinaldi
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Komalla V, Wong CYJ, Sibum I, Muellinger B, Nijdam W, Chaugule V, Soria J, Ong HX, Buchmann NA, Traini D. Advances in soft mist inhalers. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1055-1070. [PMID: 37385962 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2231850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Soft mist inhalers (SMIs) are propellant-free inhalers that utilize mechanical power to deliver single or multiple doses of inhalable drug aerosols in the form of a slow mist to patients. Compared to traditional inhalers, SMIs allow for a longer and slower release of aerosol with a smaller ballistic effect, leading to a limited loss in the oropharyngeal area, whilst requiring little coordination of actuation and inhalation by patients. Currently, the Respimat® is the only commercially available SMI, with several others in different stages of preclinical and clinical development. AREAS COVERED The primary purpose of this review is to critically assess recent advances in SMIs for the delivery of inhaled therapeutics. EXPERT OPINION Advanced particle formulations, such as nanoparticles which target specific areas of the lung, Biologics, such as vaccines, proteins, and antibodies (which are sensitive to aerosolization), are expected to be generally delivered by SMIs. Furthermore, repurposed drugs are expected to constitute a large share of future formulations to be delivered by SMIs. SMIs can also be employed for the delivery of formulations that target systemic diseases. Finally, digitalizing SMIs would improve patient adherence and provide clinicians with fundamental insights into patients' treatment progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Komalla
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chun Yuen Jerry Wong
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- Macquarie Medical School, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Vishal Chaugule
- Laboratory for Turbulence Research in Aerospace and Combustion (LTRAC), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julio Soria
- Laboratory for Turbulence Research in Aerospace and Combustion (LTRAC), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hui Xin Ong
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- Macquarie Medical School, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - D Traini
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- Macquarie Medical School, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bauer A, Klassa S, Herbst A, Maccioni C, Abhamon W, Segueni N, Kaluzhny Y, Hunter MC, Halin C. Optimization and Characterization of Novel ALCAM-Targeting Antibody Fragments for Transepithelial Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1841. [PMID: 37514028 PMCID: PMC10385607 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) is a cell adhesion molecule that supports T cell activation, leukocyte migration, and (lymph)angiogenesis and has been shown to contribute to the pathology of various immune-mediated disorders, including asthma and corneal graft rejection. In contrast to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting ALCAM's T cell expressed binding partner CD6, no ALCAM-targeting mAbs have thus far entered clinical development. This is likely linked with the broad expression of ALCAM on many different cell types, which increases the risk of eliciting unwanted treatment-induced side effects upon systemic mAb application. Targeting ALCAM in surface-exposed tissues, such as the lungs or the cornea, by a topical application could circumvent this issue. Here, we report the development of various stability- and affinity-improved anti-ALCAM mAb fragments with cross-species reactivity towards mouse, rat, monkey, and human ALCAM. Fragments generated in either mono- or bivalent formats potently blocked ALCAM-CD6 interactions in a competition ELISA, but only bivalent fragments efficiently inhibited ALCAM-ALCAM interactions in a leukocyte transmigration assay. The different fragments displayed a clear size-dependence in their ability to penetrate the human corneal epithelium. Furthermore, intranasal delivery of anti-ALCAM fragments reduced leukocyte infiltration in a mouse model of asthma, confirming ALCAM as a target for topical application in the lungs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, 1-5/10 Vladimir-Prelog-Weg, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sven Klassa
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, 1-5/10 Vladimir-Prelog-Weg, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anja Herbst
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, 1-5/10 Vladimir-Prelog-Weg, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Maccioni
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, 1-5/10 Vladimir-Prelog-Weg, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - William Abhamon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, 1-5/10 Vladimir-Prelog-Weg, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Noria Segueni
- Artimmune SAS, 13 Avenue Buffon, 45100 Orleans, France
| | - Yulia Kaluzhny
- MatTek Corporation, 200 Homer Avenue, Ashland, MA 01721, USA
| | - Morgan Campbell Hunter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, 1-5/10 Vladimir-Prelog-Weg, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Halin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, 1-5/10 Vladimir-Prelog-Weg, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hameedat F, Pinto S, Marques J, Dias S, Sarmento B. Functionalized zein nanoparticles targeting neonatal Fc receptor to enhance lung absorption of peptides. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:1699-1715. [PMID: 36587110 PMCID: PMC10126044 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01286-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Peptides have a distinguished therapeutic potential for several chronic conditions, and more than 80 peptides exist in the global market. However, most of these marketed peptide drugs are currently delivered intravenously or subcutaneously due to their fast degradation and limited absorption through non-invasive routes. The pulmonary route is favored as a non-invasive route. Neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is expressed in adult human lungs and has a role in enhancing the pulmonary absorption of monoclonal antibodies. In this work, we developed and characterized candidate protein delivery systems for the pulmonary administration of peptides. The prepared bare and loaded zein nanoparticles (ZNPs), targeted, physically, and covalently PEGylated ZNPs showed hydrodynamic diameters between 137 and 155 nm and a narrow distribution index. Insulin, which was used as a protein model, showed an association efficiency of 72%, while the FcRn-targeted peptide conjugation efficiency was approximately 68%. The physically adsorbed poloxamer 407 on insulin-loaded ZNPs showed slower and controlled insulin release. The in vitro cell culture model consists of the NCI-H441 epithelial cell line, which confirmed its expression of the targeted receptor, FcRn. The safety of ZNPs was verified after incubation with both cell lines of the in vitro pulmonary model, namely NCI-H441 and HPMEC-ST1.6R, for 24 h. It was observed that targeted ZNPs enhanced insulin permeability by showing a higher apparent permeation coefficient than non-targeted ZNPs. Overall, both targeted PEGylated ZNPs showed to be suitable peptide carriers and adequately fit the demands of delivery systems designed for pulmonary administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Hameedat
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- NANOMED EMJMD, Pharmacy School, Faculty of Health, University of Angers, Angers, France
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Soraia Pinto
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Marques
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- FFUP - Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Dias
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
- IUCS - CESPU, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fletcher EP, Sahre M, Hon YY, Balakrishnan A, Zhou L, Sun Q, Wang J, Maxfield K, Naik R, Huang SM, Wang YMC. Impact of Organ Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics of Therapeutic Peptides and Proteins. AAPS J 2023; 25:54. [PMID: 37231199 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-023-00819-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidneys and liver are major organs involved in eliminating small-molecule drugs from the body. Characterization of the effects of renal impairment (RI) and hepatic impairment (HI) on pharmacokinetics (PK) have informed dosing in patients with these organ impairments. However, the knowledge about the impact of organ impairment on therapeutic peptides and proteins is still evolving. In this study, we reviewed how often therapeutic peptides and proteins were assessed for the effect of RI and HI on PK, the findings, and the resulting labeling recommendations. RI effects were reported in labeling for 30 (57%) peptides and 98 (39%) proteins and HI effects for 20 (38%) peptides and 55 (22%) proteins. Dose adjustments were recommended for RI in 11 of the 30 (37%) peptides and 10 of the 98 (10%) proteins and for HI in 7 of the 20 (35%) peptides and 3 of the 55 (5%) proteins. Additional actionable labeling includes risk mitigation strategies; for example, some product labels have recommended avoid use or monitor toxicities in patients with HI. Over time, there is an increasing structural diversity of therapeutic peptides and proteins, including the use of non-natural amino acids and conjugation technologies, which suggests a potential need for reassessing the need to evaluate the effect of RI and HI. Herein, we discuss scientific considerations for weighing the risk of PK alteration due to RI or HI for peptide and protein products. We briefly discuss other organs that may affect the PK of peptides and proteins administered via other delivery routes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elimika Pfuma Fletcher
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Martina Sahre
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Yuen Yi Hon
- Office of Rare Diseases, Pediatrics, Urologic and Reproductive Medicine, Office of New Drug, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Anand Balakrishnan
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Lin Zhou
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Qin Sun
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Jie Wang
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Kimberly Maxfield
- Office of Therapeutic Biologics and Biosimilars, Office of New Drug, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Raajan Naik
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Shiew Mei Huang
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Yow-Ming C Wang
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Masloh S, Culot M, Gosselet F, Chevrel A, Scapozza L, Zeisser Labouebe M. Challenges and Opportunities in the Oral Delivery of Recombinant Biologics. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051415. [PMID: 37242657 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant biological molecules are at the cutting-edge of biomedical research thanks to the significant progress made in biotechnology and a better understanding of subcellular processes implicated in several diseases. Given their ability to induce a potent response, these molecules are becoming the drugs of choice for multiple pathologies. However, unlike conventional drugs which are mostly ingested, the majority of biologics are currently administered parenterally. Therefore, to improve their limited bioavailability when delivered orally, the scientific community has devoted tremendous efforts to develop accurate cell- and tissue-based models that allow for the determination of their capacity to cross the intestinal mucosa. Furthermore, several promising approaches have been imagined to enhance the intestinal permeability and stability of recombinant biological molecules. This review summarizes the main physiological barriers to the oral delivery of biologics. Several preclinical in vitro and ex vivo models currently used to assess permeability are also presented. Finally, the multiple strategies explored to address the challenges of administering biotherapeutics orally are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solene Masloh
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), Faculté des sciences Jean Perrin, University of Artois, UR 2465, Rue Jean Souvraz, 62300 Lens, France
- Affilogic, 24 Rue de la Rainière, 44300 Nantes, France
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maxime Culot
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), Faculté des sciences Jean Perrin, University of Artois, UR 2465, Rue Jean Souvraz, 62300 Lens, France
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), Faculté des sciences Jean Perrin, University of Artois, UR 2465, Rue Jean Souvraz, 62300 Lens, France
| | - Anne Chevrel
- Affilogic, 24 Rue de la Rainière, 44300 Nantes, France
| | - Leonardo Scapozza
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Magali Zeisser Labouebe
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chan HW, Chow S, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Tong HHY, Chow SF. Inhalable Nanoparticle-based Dry Powder Formulations for Respiratory Diseases: Challenges and Strategies for Translational Research. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:98. [PMID: 37016029 PMCID: PMC10072922 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of novel respiratory infections (e.g., COVID-19) and expeditious development of nanoparticle-based COVID-19 vaccines have recently reignited considerable interest in designing inhalable nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems as next-generation respiratory therapeutics. Among various available devices in aerosol delivery, dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are preferable for delivery of nanoparticles due to their simplicity of use, high portability, and superior long-term stability. Despite research efforts devoted to developing inhaled nanoparticle-based DPI formulations, no such formulations have been approved to date, implying a research gap between bench and bedside. This review aims to address this gap by highlighting important yet often overlooked issues during pre-clinical development. We start with an overview and update on formulation and particle engineering strategies for fabricating inhalable nanoparticle-based dry powder formulations. An important but neglected aspect in in vitro characterization methodologies for linking the powder performance with their bio-fate is then discussed. Finally, the major challenges and strategies in their clinical translation are highlighted. We anticipate that focused research onto the existing knowledge gaps presented in this review would accelerate clinical applications of inhalable nanoparticle-based dry powders from a far-fetched fantasy to a reality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Wan Chan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F, Laboratory Block 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong S.A.R., L2-08B, Pokfulam, China
| | - Stephanie Chow
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F, Laboratory Block 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong S.A.R., L2-08B, Pokfulam, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F, Laboratory Block 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong S.A.R., L2-08B, Pokfulam, China
| | - Yayi Zhao
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong S.A.R, Shatin, China
| | - Henry Hoi Yee Tong
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao S.A.R., China
| | - Shing Fung Chow
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F, Laboratory Block 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong S.A.R., L2-08B, Pokfulam, China.
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong S.A.R, Shatin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bohländer F. A new hope? Possibilities of therapeutic IgA antibodies in the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1127339. [PMID: 37051237 PMCID: PMC10083398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory lung diseases represent a persistent burden for patients and the global healthcare system. The combination of high morbidity, (partially) high mortality and limited innovations in the last decades, have resulted in a great demand for new therapeutics. Are therapeutic IgA antibodies possibly a new hope in the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases? Current research increasingly unravels the elementary functions of IgA as protector against infections and as modulator of overwhelming inflammation. With a focus on IgA, this review describes the pathological alterations in mucosal immunity and how they contribute to chronic inflammation in the most common inflammatory lung diseases. The current knowledge of IgA functions in the circulation, and particularly in the respiratory mucosa, are summarized. The interplay between neutrophils and IgA seems to be key in control of inflammation. In addition, the hurdles and benefits of therapeutic IgA antibodies, as well as the currently known clinically used IgA preparations are described. The data highlighted here, together with upcoming research strategies aiming at circumventing the current pitfalls in IgA research may pave the way for this promising antibody class in the application of inflammatory lung diseases.
Collapse
|
33
|
Supramaniam A, Tayyar Y, Clarke DTW, Kelly G, Acharya D, Morris KV, McMillan NAJ, Idris A. Prophylactic intranasal administration of lipid nanoparticle formulated siRNAs reduce SARS-CoV-2 and RSV lung infection. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2023:S1684-1182(23)00068-3. [PMID: 36934064 PMCID: PMC9991324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is an emerging and promising therapy for a wide range of respiratory viral infections. This highly specific suppression can be achieved by the introduction of short-interfering RNA (siRNA) into mammalian systems, resulting in the effective reduction of viral load. Unfortunately, this has been hindered by the lack of a good delivery system, especially via the intranasal (IN) route. Here, we have developed an IN siRNA encapsulated lipid nanoparticle (LNP) in vivo delivery system that is highly efficient at targeting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lung infection in vivo. Importantly, IN siRNA delivery without the aid of LNPs abolishes anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in vivo. Our approach using LNPs as the delivery vehicle overcomes the significant barriers seen with IN delivery of siRNA therapeutics and is a significant advancement in our ability to delivery siRNAs. The study presented here demonstrates an attractive alternate delivery strategy for the prophylactic treatment of both future and emerging respiratory viral diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aroon Supramaniam
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yaman Tayyar
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia; Prorenata Biotech, Molendinar, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel T W Clarke
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gabrielle Kelly
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dhruba Acharya
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kevin V Morris
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nigel A J McMillan
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adi Idris
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point, Queensland, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Silva S, Bicker J, Falcão A, Fortuna A. Air-liquid interface (ALI) impact on different respiratory cell cultures. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 184:62-82. [PMID: 36696943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The intranasal route has been receiving greater attention from the scientific community not only for systemic drug delivery but also for the treatment of pulmonary and neurological diseases. Along with it, drug transport and permeability studies across the nasal mucosa have exponentially increased. Nevertheless, the translation of data from in vitro cell lines to in vivo studies is not always reliable, due to the difficulty in generating an in vitro model that resembles respiratory human physiology. Among all currently available methodologies, the air-liquid interface (ALI) method is advantageous to promote cell differentiation and optimize the morphological and histological characteristics of airway epithelium cells. Cells grown under ALI conditions, in alternative to submerged conditions, appear to provide relevant input for inhalation and pulmonary toxicology and complement in vivo experiments. Different methodologies and a variety of materials have been used to induce ALI conditions in primary cells and numerous cell lines. Until this day, with only exploratory results, no consensus has been reached regarding the validation of the ALI method, hampering data comparison. The present review describes the most adequate cell models of airway epithelium and how these models are differently affected by ALI conditions. It includes the evaluation of cellular features before and after ALI, and the application of the method in primary cell cultures, commercial 3D primary cells, cell lines and stem-cell derived models. A variety of these models have been recently applied for pharmacological studies against severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus(-2) SARS-CoV(-2), namely primary cultures with alveolar type II epithelium cells and organotypic 3D models. The herein compiled data suggest that ALI conditions must be optimized bearing in mind the type of cells (nasal, bronchial, alveolar), their origin and the objective of the study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soraia Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Bicker
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Fortuna
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Brun EHC, Hong ZY, Hsu YM, Wang CT, Chung DJ, Ng SK, Lee YH, Wei TT. Stability and Activity of Interferon Beta to Treat Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis with Different Nebulizer Technologies. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2023; 36:55-64. [PMID: 36827329 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2022.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a serious lung disease characterized by lung scarring, which results in breathing difficulty. Currently, patients with IPF exhibit a poor survival rate and have access to very limited therapeutic options. Interferon beta (IFN-β) has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis, and it has also been shown to exhibit therapeutic potential in IPF. However, clinical use of IFN-β did not lead to improved overall survival in IPF patients in existing studies. One possibility is the limited efficiency of IFN-β delivery through intravenous or subcutaneous injection. Materials and Methods: The aerosol particle size distribution was determined with a laser diffraction particle size analyzer to characterize the droplet size and fine particle fraction generated by three types of nebulizers: jet, ultrasonic, and mesh. A breathing simulator was used to assess the delivery efficiency of IFN-β, and the temperature in the medication reservoirs was monitored with a thermocouple during nebulization. To further evaluate the antifibrotic activity of IFN-β pre- and postnebulization, bleomycin (BLM)- or transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)-treated human lung fibroblast (HLF) cells were used. Cell viability was measured by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Transwell migration assay and Q-PCR analysis were used to evaluate cell migration and the myofibroblast differentiation ability, respectively. IFN-β protein samples were prepared using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) sample loading buffer, and the expression of IFN-β was assessed by western blotting. Results: Among the current drug delivery systems, aerosolized medication has shown increased efficacy of drug delivery for treating respiratory diseases when compared with parenteral drugs. It was found that neither the structural integrity nor the biological function of nebulized IFN-β was compromised by the nebulization process of the mesh nebulizer. In addition, in BLM dose-response or TGF-β-induced lung fibroblast proliferation assays, these effects could be reversed by both parenteral and inhaled IFN-β nebulized with the mesh nebulizer. Nebulized IFN-β with the mesh nebulizer also significantly inhibited the migration and myofibroblast differentiation ability of TGF-β-treated HLF cells. Conclusions: The investigations revealed the potential efficacy of IFN-β in the treatment of IPF with the mesh nebulizer, demonstrating the higher efficiency of IFN-β delivered through the mesh nebulizer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zuo-Yi Hong
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Dai-Jung Chung
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Kok Ng
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Hsuan Lee
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Tang Wei
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program in Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics (TIGP-CBMB), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ibrahim M, Wallace I, Ghazvini S, Manetz S, Cordoba-Rodriguez R, Patel SM. Protein Aggregates in Inhaled Biologics: Challenges and Considerations. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:1341-1344. [PMID: 36796636 PMCID: PMC9927828 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary delivery is the main route of administration for treatment of local lung diseases. Recently, the interest in delivery of proteins through the pulmonary route for treatment of lung diseases has significantly increased, especially after Covid-19 pandemic. The development of an inhalable protein combines the challenges of inhaled as well as biologic products since protein stability may be compromised during manufacture or delivery. For instance, spray drying is the most common technology for manufacture of inhalable biological particles, however, it imposes shear and thermal stresses which may cause protein unfolding and aggregation post drying. Therefore, protein aggregation should be evaluated for inhaled biologics as it could impact the safety and/or efficacy of the product. While there is extensive knowledge and regulatory guidance on acceptable limits of particles, which inherently include insoluble protein aggregates, in injectable proteins, there is no comparable knowledge for inhaled ones. Moreover, the poor correlation between in vitro setup for analytical testing and the in vivo lung environment limits the predictability of protein aggregation post inhalation. Thus, the purpose of this article is to highlight the major challenges facing the development of inhaled proteins compared to parenteral ones, and to share future thoughts to resolve them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Ibrahim
- Dosage Form Design & Development, Early-Stage Formulation Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA
| | - Ian Wallace
- Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, Respiratory & Immunology, Neuroscience, Vaccines & Immune Therapies Safety, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Saba Ghazvini
- Dosage Form Design & Development, Early-Stage Formulation Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA
| | - Scott Manetz
- Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, Respiratory & Immunology, Neuroscience, Vaccines & Immune Therapies Safety, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA
| | - Ruth Cordoba-Rodriguez
- Regulatory Affairs, Chemistry, Manufacturing and Controls Regulatory Affairs, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA
| | - Sajal M. Patel
- Dosage Form Design & Development, Early-Stage Formulation Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA,Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wesche F, De Maria L, Leek T, Narjes F, Bird J, Su W, Czechtizky W. Analyzing proteolytic stability and metabolic hotspots of therapeutic peptides in two rodent pulmonary fluids. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 224:115156. [PMID: 36463768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Peptides and peptide drug conjugates are emerging modalities to treat pulmonary diseases. Peptides are susceptible to proteolytic cleavage. Expression levels of specific proteases in the lung can be significantly increased in disease state and may lead to exaggerated peptide proteolysis. To support optimization of peptides for inhaled administration, we have recently reported a streamlined high-throughput LC-HRMS protocol to determine enzymatic protease stability of peptides. This method has now been complemented with profiling of peptide metabolic stability in two respiratory fluids, a lung supernatant (lung S9) and a bronchioalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) taken from rats. We have tested a set of 28 peptides with high structural diversity, analyzed the whole data set for formed metabolites, and identified the differences of cleavage pattern in the two test fluids. Comparison of our experimental results and literature-derived cleavage site estimates based on e.g. MEROPS show significant differences for a number of peptides. This indicates the need for an experimental workflow using both protease panels and testing of metabolic stability in lung fluid (BALF) to guide peptide optimization and selection of peptides for inhaled in vivo PK/PD studies in our drug discovery projects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Wesche
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Drug Discovery Sciences, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riss, Germany; Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Leonardo De Maria
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tomas Leek
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frank Narjes
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - James Bird
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Wu Su
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Werngard Czechtizky
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chow MYT, Pan HW, Seow HC, Lam JKW. Inhalable neutralizing antibodies - promising approach to combating respiratory viral infections. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2023; 44:85-97. [PMID: 36566131 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies represent an exciting class of therapeutics against respiratory viral infections. Notwithstanding their specificity and affinity, the conventional parenteral administration is suboptimal in delivering antibodies for neutralizing activity in the airways due to the poor distribution of macromolecules to the respiratory tract. Inhaled therapy is a promising approach to overcome this hurdle in a noninvasive manner, while advances in antibody engineering have led to the development of unique antibody formats which exhibit properties desirable for inhalation. In this Opinion, we examine the major challenges surrounding the development of inhaled antibodies, identify knowledge gaps that need to be addressed and provide strategies from a drug delivery perspective to enhance the efficacy and safety of neutralizing antibodies against respiratory viral infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Y T Chow
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Harry W Pan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Han Cong Seow
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jenny K W Lam
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Al-Jipouri A, Almurisi SH, Al-Japairai K, Bakar LM, Doolaanea AA. Liposomes or Extracellular Vesicles: A Comprehensive Comparison of Both Lipid Bilayer Vesicles for Pulmonary Drug Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020318. [PMID: 36679199 PMCID: PMC9866119 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid and non-invasive pulmonary drug delivery (PDD) has attracted great attention compared to the other routes. However, nanoparticle platforms, like liposomes (LPs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs), require extensive reformulation to suit the requirements of PDD. LPs are artificial vesicles composed of lipid bilayers capable of encapsulating hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances, whereas EVs are natural vesicles secreted by cells. Additionally, novel LPs-EVs hybrid vesicles may confer the best of both. The preparation methods of EVs are distinguished from LPs since they rely mainly on extraction and purification, whereas the LPs are synthesized from their basic ingredients. Similarly, drug loading methods into/onto EVs are distinguished whereby they are cell- or non-cell-based, whereas LPs are loaded via passive or active approaches. This review discusses the progress in LPs and EVs as well as hybrid vesicles with a special focus on PDD. It also provides a perspective comparison between LPs and EVs from various aspects (composition, preparation/extraction, drug loading, and large-scale manufacturing) as well as the future prospects for inhaled therapeutics. In addition, it discusses the challenges that may be encountered in scaling up the production and presents our view regarding the clinical translation of the laboratory findings into commercial products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al-Jipouri
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.A.-J.); (A.A.D.)
| | - Samah Hamed Almurisi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia
| | - Khater Al-Japairai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang 26300, Malaysia
| | - Latifah Munirah Bakar
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia
| | - Abd Almonem Doolaanea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University College MAIWP International (UCMI), Kuala Lumpur 68100, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (A.A.-J.); (A.A.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Noverraz F, Robin B, Passemard S, Fauvel B, Presumey J, Rigal E, Cookson A, Chopineau J, Martineau P, Villalba M, Jorgensen C, Aubert-Pouëssel A, Morille M, Gerber-Lemaire S. Novel trehalose-based excipients for stabilizing nebulized anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody. Int J Pharm 2023; 630:122463. [PMID: 36462738 PMCID: PMC9710110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is caused by the infection of the lungs by SARS-CoV-2. Monoclonal antibodies, such as sotrovimab, showed great efficiency in neutralizing the virus before its internalization by lung epithelial cells. However, parenteral routes are still the preferred route of administration, even for local infections, which requires injection of high doses of antibody to reach efficacious concentrations in the lungs. Lung administration of antibodies would be more relevant requiring lower doses, thus reducing the costs and the side effects. But aerosolization of therapeutic proteins is very challenging, as the different processes available are harsh and trigger protein aggregation and conformational changes. This decreases the efficiency of the treatment, and can increase its immunogenicity. To address those issues, we developed a series of new excipients composed of a trehalose core, a succinyl side chain and a hydrophobic carbon chain (from 8 to 16 carbons). Succinylation increased the solubility of the excipients, allowing their use at relevant concentrations for protein stabilization. In particular, the excipient with 16 carbons (C16TreSuc) used at 5.6 mM was able to preserve colloidal stability and antigen-binding ability of sotrovimab during the nebulization process. It could also be used as a cryoprotectant, allowing storage of sotrovimab in a lyophilized form during weeks. Finally, we demonstrated that C16TreSuc could be used as an excipient to stabilize antibodies for the treatment against COVID-19, by in vitro and in vivo assays. The presence of C16TreSuc during nebulization preserved the neutralization capacity of sotrovimab against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro; an increase of its efficacy was even observed, compared to the non-nebulized control. The in vivo study also showed the wide distribution of sotrovimab in mice lungs, after nebulization with 5.6 mM of excipient. This work brings a solution to stabilize therapeutic proteins during storage and nebulization, making pulmonary immunotherapy possible in the treatment of COVID-19 and other lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François Noverraz
- Group for Functionalized Biomaterials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC SCI-SB-SG, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Baptiste Robin
- MedXCell Science, Bâtiment Cyborg 1 (IRMB), Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Solène Passemard
- Montpellier Life Science Bâtiment Cyborg 1 (IRMB), Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Bénédicte Fauvel
- CYTEA BIO, Bâtiment Cyborg 1 (IRMB), Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Jessy Presumey
- CYTEA BIO, Bâtiment Cyborg 1 (IRMB), Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Emilie Rigal
- CYTEA BIO, Bâtiment Cyborg 1 (IRMB), Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Alan Cookson
- MedXCell SA, Av. des Planches 20C, 1820 Montreux, Suisse
| | - Joël Chopineau
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Martin Villalba
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Marie Morille
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Sandrine Gerber-Lemaire
- Group for Functionalized Biomaterials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC SCI-SB-SG, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Recent progress in drying technologies for improving the stability and delivery efficiency of biopharmaceuticals. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2023; 53:35-57. [PMID: 36568503 PMCID: PMC9768793 DOI: 10.1007/s40005-022-00610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Most biopharmaceuticals are developed in liquid dosage forms that are less stable than solid forms. To ensure the stability of biopharmaceuticals, it is critical to use an effective drying technique in the presence of an appropriate stabilizing excipient. Various drying techniques are available for this purpose, such as freeze drying or lyophilization, spray drying, spray freeze-drying, supercritical fluid drying, particle replication in nonwetting templates, and fluidized bed drying. Area covered In this review, we discuss drying technologies and their applications in the production of stable solid-state biopharmaceuticals, providing examples of commercially available products or clinical trial formulations. Alongside this, we also review how different analytical methods may be utilized in the evaluation of aerosol performance and powder characteristics of dried protein powders. Finally, we assess the protein integrity in terms of conformational and physicochemical stability and biological activity. Expert opinion With the aim of treating either infectious respiratory diseases or systemic disorders, inhaled biopharmaceuticals reduce both therapeutic dose and cost of therapy. Drying methods in the presence of optimized protein/stabilizer combinations, produce solid dosage forms of proteins with greater stability. A suitable drying method was chosen, and the process parameters were optimized based on the route of protein administration. With the ongoing trend of addressing deficiencies in biopharmaceutical production, developing new methods to replace conventional drying methods, and investigating novel excipients for more efficient stabilizing effects, these products have the potential to dominate the pharmaceutical industry in the future.
Collapse
|
42
|
Puccetti M, Pariano M, Stincardini C, Wojtylo P, Schoubben A, Nunzi E, Ricci M, Romani L, Giovagnoli S. Pulmonary drug delivery technology enables anakinra repurposing in cystic fibrosis. J Control Release 2023; 353:1023-1036. [PMID: 36442616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a key pathological driver in cystic fibrosis (CF). Current therapies are ineffective in treating and preventing the escalation of inflammatory events often exacerbated by superimposed infection. In this work, we propose a novel treatment based on the pulmonary administration of anakinra, a non-glycosylated recombinant form of IL-1Ra. An inhalable dry powder of anakinra was successfully developed to meet the specific needs of lung drug delivery. The new formulation was investigated in vitro for aerodynamic performances and activity and in vivo for its pharmacological profile, including the pharmacokinetics, treatment schedule, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity and systemic toxicity. The protein was structurally preserved inside the formulation and retained its pharmacological activity in vitro immediately after preparation and over time when stored at ambient conditions. Anakinra when delivered to the lungs showed an improved and extended therapeutic efficacy in CF models in vivo as well as higher potency compared to systemic delivery. Peripheral side effects were significantly reduced and correlated with lower serum levels compared to systemic treatment. These findings provide proof-of-concept demonstration for anakinra repurposing in CF through the pulmonary route.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Puccetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Marilena Pariano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, piazzale Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Stincardini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, piazzale Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paulina Wojtylo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Aurelie Schoubben
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Emilia Nunzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, piazzale Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ricci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigina Romani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, piazzale Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Giovagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Qin L, Cui Z, Wu Y, Wang H, Zhang X, Guan J, Mao S. Challenges and Strategies to Enhance the Systemic Absorption of Inhaled Peptides and Proteins. Pharm Res 2022; 40:1037-1055. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03435-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
44
|
A Candidate Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibody Inhibits Both HRSV and HMPV Replication in Mice. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102516. [PMID: 36289776 PMCID: PMC9599547 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and human respiratory virus (HRSV) are two leading causes of acute respiratory tract infection in young children. While there is no licensed drug against HMPV, the monoclonal antibody (mAb) Palivizumab is approved against HRSV for prophylaxis use only. Novel therapeutics against both viruses are therefore needed. Here, we describe the identification of human mAbs targeting these viruses by using flow cytometry-based cell sorting. One hundred and two antibodies were initially identified from flow cytometry-based cell sorting as binding to the fusion protein from HRSV, HMPV or both. Of those, 95 were successfully produced in plants, purified and characterized for binding activity by ELISA and neutralization assays as well as by inhibition of virus replication in mice. Twenty-two highly reactive mAbs targeting either HRSV or HMPV were isolated. Of these, three mAbs inhibited replication in vivo of a single virus while one mAb could reduce both HRSV and HMPV titers in the lung. Overall, this study identifies several human mAbs with virus-specific therapeutic potential and a unique mAb with inhibitory activities against both HRSV and HMPV.
Collapse
|
45
|
Mahar R, Chakraborty A, Nainwal N. The influence of carrier type, physical characteristics, and blending techniques on the performance of dry powder inhalers. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
46
|
Alternative Routes of Administration for Therapeutic Antibodies—State of the Art. Antibodies (Basel) 2022; 11:antib11030056. [PMID: 36134952 PMCID: PMC9495858 DOI: 10.3390/antib11030056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: For the past two decades, there has been a huge expansion in the development of therapeutic antibodies, with 6 to 10 novel entities approved each year. Around 70% of these Abs are delivered through IV injection, a mode of administration allowing rapid and systemic delivery of the drug. However, according to the evidence presented in the literature, beyond the reduction of invasiveness, a better efficacy can be achieved with local delivery. Consequently, efforts have been made toward the development of innovative methods of administration, and in the formulation and engineering of novel Abs to improve their therapeutic index. Objective: This review presents an overview of the routes of administration used to deliver Abs, different from the IV route, whether approved or in the clinical evaluation stage. We provide a description of the physical and biological fundamentals for each route of administration, highlighting their relevance with examples of clinically-relevant Abs, and discussing their strengths and limitations. Methods: We reviewed and analyzed the current literature, published as of the 1 April 2022 using MEDLINE and EMBASE databases, as well as the FDA and EMA websites. Ongoing trials were identified using clinicaltrials.gov. Publications and data were identified using a list of general keywords. Conclusions: Apart from the most commonly used IV route, topical delivery of Abs has shown clinical successes, improving drug bioavailability and efficacy while reducing side-effects. However, additional research is necessary to understand the consequences of biological barriers associated with local delivery for Ab partitioning, in order to optimize delivery methods and devices, and to adapt Ab formulation to local delivery. Novel modes of administration for Abs might in fine allow a better support to patients, especially in the context of chronic diseases, as well as a reduction of the treatment cost.
Collapse
|
47
|
Owen MJ, Celik U, Chaudhary SK, Yik JHN, Patton JS, Kuo MC, Haudenschild DR, Liu GY. Production of Inhalable Ultra-Small Particles for Delivery of Anti-Inflammation Medicine via a Table-Top Microdevice. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1382. [PMID: 36144005 PMCID: PMC9501338 DOI: 10.3390/mi13091382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A table-top microdevice was introduced in this work to produce ultrasmall particles for drug delivery via inhalation. The design and operation are similar to that of spray-drying equipment used in industry, but the device itself is much smaller and more portable in size, simpler to operate and more economical. More importantly, the device enables more accurate control over particle size. Using Flavopiridol, an anti-inflammation medication, formulations have been developed to produce inhalable particles for pulmonary delivery. A solution containing the desired components forms droplets by passing through an array of micro-apertures that vibrate via a piezo-electrical driver. High-purity nitrogen gas was introduced and flew through the designed path, which included the funnel collection and cyclone chamber, and finally was pumped away. The gas carried and dried the micronized liquid droplets along the pathway, leading to the precipitation of dry solid microparticles. The formation of the cyclone was essential to assure the sufficient travel path length of the liquid droplets to allow drying. Synthesis parameters were optimized to produce microparticles, whose morphology, size, physio-chemical properties, and release profiles met the criteria for inhalation. Bioactivity assays have revealed a high degree of anti-inflammation. The above-mentioned approach enabled the production of inhalable particles in research laboratories in general, using the simple table-top microdevice. The microparticles enable the inhalable delivery of anti-inflammation medicine to the lungs, thus providing treatment for diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis and COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Owen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Umit Celik
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Jasper H. N. Yik
- Tesio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | | | | | - Dominik R. Haudenschild
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Gang-yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Designing antibodies as therapeutics. Cell 2022; 185:2789-2805. [PMID: 35868279 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Antibody therapeutics are a large and rapidly expanding drug class providing major health benefits. We provide a snapshot of current antibody therapeutics including their formats, common targets, therapeutic areas, and routes of administration. Our focus is on selected emerging directions in antibody design where progress may provide a broad benefit. These topics include enhancing antibodies for cancer, antibody delivery to organs such as the brain, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs, plus antibody developability challenges including immunogenicity risk assessment and mitigation and subcutaneous delivery. Machine learning has the potential, albeit as yet largely unrealized, for a transformative future impact on antibody discovery and engineering.
Collapse
|
49
|
Weißenborn L, Richel E, Hüseman H, Welzer J, Beck S, Schäfer S, Sticht H, Überla K, Eichler J. Smaller, Stronger, More Stable: Peptide Variants of a SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Miniprotein. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116309. [PMID: 35682988 PMCID: PMC9181698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on the structure of a de novo designed miniprotein (LCB1) in complex with the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, we have generated and characterized truncated peptide variants of LCB1, which present only two of the three LCB1 helices, and which fully retained the virus neutralizing potency against different SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC). This antiviral activity was even 10-fold stronger for a cyclic variant of the two-helix peptides, as compared to the full-length peptide. Furthermore, the proteolytic stability of the cyclic peptide was substantially improved, rendering it a better potential candidate for SARS-CoV-2 therapy. In a more mechanistic approach, the peptides also served as tools to dissect the role of individual mutations in the RBD for the susceptibility of the resulting virus variants to neutralization by the peptides. As the peptides reported here were generated through chemical synthesis, rather than recombinant protein expression, they are amenable to further chemical modification, including the incorporation of a wide range of non-proteinogenic amino acids, with the aim to further stabilize the peptides against proteolytic degradation, as well as to improve the strength, as well the breadth, of their virus neutralizing capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Weißenborn
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (L.W.); (H.H.); (J.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Elie Richel
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (E.R.); (K.Ü.)
| | - Helena Hüseman
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (L.W.); (H.H.); (J.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Julia Welzer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (L.W.); (H.H.); (J.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Silvan Beck
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (L.W.); (H.H.); (J.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Simon Schäfer
- Department of Biology, Genetics Division, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Klaus Überla
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (E.R.); (K.Ü.)
| | - Jutta Eichler
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (L.W.); (H.H.); (J.W.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Czechtizky W, Su W, Ripa L, Schiesser S, Höijer A, Cox RJ. Advances in the design of new types of inhaled medicines. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2022; 61:93-162. [PMID: 35753716 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmch.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation of small molecule drugs has proven very efficacious for the treatment of respiratory diseases due to enhanced efficacy and a favourable therapeutic index compared with other dosing routes. It enables targeted delivery to the lung with rapid onset of therapeutic action, low systemic drug exposure, and thereby reduced systemic side effects. An increasing number of pharmaceutical companies and biotechs are investing in new modalities-for this review defined as therapeutic molecules with a molecular weight >800Da and therefore beyond usual inhaled small molecule drug-like space. However, our experience with inhaled administration of PROTACs, peptides, oligonucleotides (antisense oligonucleotides, siRNAs, miRs and antagomirs), diverse protein scaffolds, antibodies and antibody fragments is still limited. Investigating the retention and metabolism of these types of molecules in lung tissue and fluid will contribute to understanding which are best suited for inhalation. Nonetheless, the first such therapeutic molecules have already reached the clinic. This review will provide information on the physiology of healthy and diseased lungs and their capacity for drug metabolism. It will outline the stability, aggregation and immunogenicity aspects of new modalities, as well as recap on formulation and delivery aspects. It concludes by summarising clinical trial outcomes with inhaled new modalities based on information available at the end of 2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Werngard Czechtizky
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Wu Su
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Lena Ripa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Stefan Schiesser
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Andreas Höijer
- Cardiovascular, Renal & Metabolism CMC Projects, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rhona J Cox
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal & Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|