1
|
Holzinger T, Frei J, Jarzebska NT, Beer HD, Kündig TM, Pascolo S, Läuchli S, Mellett M. Differential functionality of fluoropyrimidine nucleosides for safe cancer therapy. Anticancer Drugs 2024:00001813-990000000-00306. [PMID: 39012759 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapies are standard care for most cancer types. Pyrimidine analogs including 5-fluorouracil, cytosine arabinoside, 5-azacytidine, and gemcitabine are effective drugs that are utilized as part of a number of anticancer regimens. However, their lack of cell-specificity results in severe side effects. Therefore, there is a capacity to improve the efficacy of such therapies, while decreasing unwanted side effects. Here, we report that while 5-fluorocytosine is not chemotherapeutic in itself, incorporated into a ribonucleoside and more importantly into an RNA oligonucleotide, it induces cytotoxic effects on cancer cells in vitro . Interestingly, these effects are rescued by both uridine and thymidine. Similarly, in-vitro 2'-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine inhibits the growth of tumor cells but has the advantage of being less toxic to human primary cells compared with 5-fluorocytidine, suggesting that the deoxyribonucleoside could exhibit less side-effects in vivo . Thus, this work indicates that the potency of 5-fluorocytidine and 2'-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine should be further explored. In particular, oligonucleotides incorporating 5-fluorocytosine could be novel chemotherapeutic drugs that could be formulated in cancer-specific particles for safe and efficacious cancer treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Holzinger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich (USZ), University of Zürich (UZH)
- Faculty of Medicine
| | - Julia Frei
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich (USZ), University of Zürich (UZH)
- Faculty of Medicine
| | - Natalia Teresa Jarzebska
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich (USZ), University of Zürich (UZH)
- Faculty of Science, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Dietmar Beer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich (USZ), University of Zürich (UZH)
- Faculty of Medicine
| | - Thomas M Kündig
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich (USZ), University of Zürich (UZH)
- Faculty of Medicine
| | - Steve Pascolo
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich (USZ), University of Zürich (UZH)
- Faculty of Medicine
| | - Severin Läuchli
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich (USZ), University of Zürich (UZH)
- Faculty of Medicine
| | - Mark Mellett
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich (USZ), University of Zürich (UZH)
- Faculty of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Z, Fu Y, Ju X, Zhang F, Zhang P, He M. Advances in Engineering Circular RNA Vaccines. Pathogens 2024; 13:692. [PMID: 39204292 PMCID: PMC11356823 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13080692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Engineered circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of single-stranded RNAs with head-to-tail covalently linked structures that integrate open reading frames (ORFs) and internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) with the function of coding and expressing proteins. Compared to mRNA vaccines, circRNA vaccines offer a more improved method that is safe, stable, and simple to manufacture. With the rapid revelation of the biological functions of circRNA and the success of Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus Type II (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccines, biopharmaceutical companies and researchers around the globe are attempting to develop more stable circRNA vaccines for illness prevention and treatment. Nevertheless, research on circRNA vaccines is still in its infancy, and more work and assessment are needed for their synthesis, delivery, and use. In this review, based on the current understanding of the molecular biological properties and immunotherapeutic mechanisms of circRNA, we summarize the current preparation methods of circRNA vaccines, including design, synthesis, purification, and identification. We discuss their delivery strategies and summarize the challenges facing the clinical application of circRNAs to provide references for circRNA vaccine-related research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China;
| | - Yuanlei Fu
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.F.); (X.J.); (F.Z.)
| | - Xiaoli Ju
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.F.); (X.J.); (F.Z.)
| | - Furong Zhang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.F.); (X.J.); (F.Z.)
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China;
| | - Meilin He
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.F.); (X.J.); (F.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lin Y, Chen X, Wang K, Liang L, Zhang H. An Overview of Nanoparticle-Based Delivery Platforms for mRNA Vaccines for Treating Cancer. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:727. [PMID: 39066365 PMCID: PMC11281455 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12070727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
With its unique properties and potential applications, nanoparticle-based delivery platforms for messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have gained significant attention in recent years. Nanoparticles have the advantages of enhancing immunogenicity, targeting delivery, and improving stability, providing a new solution for drug and vaccine delivery. In some clinical studies, a variety of nanoparticle delivery platforms have been gradually applied to a wide range of vaccine applications. Current research priorities are exploring various types of nanoparticles as vaccine delivery systems to enhance vaccine stability and immunogenicity. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have shown promising potential in preclinical and clinical studies on the efficient delivery of antigens to immune cells. Moreover, lipid nanoparticles and other nanoparticles for nucleic acids, especially for mRNA delivery systems, have shown vast potential for vaccine development. In this review, we present various vaccine platforms with an emphasis on nanoparticles as mRNA vaccine delivery vehicles. We describe several novel nanoparticle delivery platforms for mRNA vaccines, such as lipid-, polymer-, and protein-based nanoparticles. In addition, we provide an overview of the anti-tumor immunity of nanovaccines against different tumors in cancer immunotherapy. Finally, we outline future perspectives and remaining challenges for this promising technology of nanoparticle-based delivery platforms for vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lin
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.L.); (X.C.); (K.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xuehua Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.L.); (X.C.); (K.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.L.); (X.C.); (K.W.)
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.L.); (X.C.); (K.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing Science and Technology Innovation Center, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.L.); (X.C.); (K.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
González-García D, Tapia O, Évora C, García-García P, Delgado A. Conventional and microfluidic methods: Design and optimization of lipid-polymeric hybrid nanoparticles for gene therapy. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01644-4. [PMID: 38872047 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01644-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Gene therapy holds significant promise as a therapeutic approach for addressing a diverse range of diseases through the suppression of overexpressed proteins and the restoration of impaired cell functions. Developing a nanocarrier that can efficiently load and release genetic material into cells remains a challenge. The primary goal of this study is to develop formulations aimed to enhance the therapeutic potential of GapmeRs through technological approaches. To this end, lipid-polymeric hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNPs) with PLGA, DC-cholesterol, and DOPE-mPEG2000 were produced by conventional single-step nanoprecipitation (SSN) and microfluidic (MF) methods. The optimized nanoparticles by SSN have a size of 149.9 ± 18.07 nm, a polydispersity index (PdI) of 0.23 ± 0.02, and a zeta potential of (ZP) of 29.34 ± 2.44 mV, while by MF the size was 179.8 ± 6.3, a PdI of 0.24 ± 0.01, and a ZP of 32.25 ± 1.36 mV. Furthermore, LPHNPs prepared with GapmeR-protamine by both methods exhibit a high encapsulation efficiency of approximately 90%. The encapsulated GapmeR is completely released in 24 h. The LPHNP suspensions are stable for up to 6 h in 10% FBS at pH 5.4 and 7.4. By contrast, LPHNPs remain stable in suspension in 4.5% albumin at pH 7.4 for 24 h. Additionally, LPHNPs were successfully freeze-dried using trehalose in the range of 2.5-5% as cryoprotectant The LPHNPs produced by MF and SSN increase, 6 and 12 fold respectively, GapmeR cell uptake, and both of them reduce by 60-70% expression of Tob1 in 48 h.Our study demonstrates the efficacy of the developed LPHNPs as carriers for oligonucleotide delivery, offering valuable insights for their scale up production from a conventional bulk methodology to a high-throughput microfluidic technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel González-García
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, 38200, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, 38200, Spain
| | - Olga Tapia
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, 38200, Spain
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, 38200, Spain
| | - Carmen Évora
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, 38200, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, 38200, Spain
| | - Patricia García-García
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, 38200, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, 38200, Spain.
| | - Araceli Delgado
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, 38200, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, 38200, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Eskandari A, Leow TC, Rahman MBA, Oslan SN. Advances in Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Their Obstacles, and Prospects Toward Tumor Immunotherapy. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01144-3. [PMID: 38625508 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, cancer immunotherapy has experienced a significant revolution due to the advancements in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and adoptive cell therapies (ACTs), along with their regulatory approvals. In recent times, there has been hope in the effectiveness of cancer vaccines for therapy as they have been able to stimulate de novo T-cell reactions against tumor antigens. These tumor antigens include both tumor-associated antigen (TAA) and tumor-specific antigen (TSA). Nevertheless, the constant quest to fully achieve these abilities persists. Therefore, this review offers a broad perspective on the existing status of cancer immunizations. Cancer vaccine design has been revolutionized due to the advancements made in antigen selection, the development of antigen delivery systems, and a deeper understanding of the strategic intricacies involved in effective antigen presentation. In addition, this review addresses the present condition of clinical tests and deliberates on their approaches, with a particular emphasis on the immunogenicity specific to tumors and the evaluation of effectiveness against tumors. Nevertheless, the ongoing clinical endeavors to create cancer vaccines have failed to produce remarkable clinical results as a result of substantial obstacles, such as the suppression of the tumor immune microenvironment, the identification of suitable candidates, the assessment of immune responses, and the acceleration of vaccine production. Hence, there are possibilities for the industry to overcome challenges and enhance patient results in the coming years. This can be achieved by recognizing the intricate nature of clinical issues and continuously working toward surpassing existing limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Eskandari
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Thean Chor Leow
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Enzyme Technology and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, VacBio 5, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Siti Nurbaya Oslan
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Enzyme Technology and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, VacBio 5, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xie S, Yue C, Ye S, Li Z. Probing the hierarchical dynamics of DNA-sperm nuclear transition protein complexes through fuzzy interaction and mesoscale condensation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:10408-10418. [PMID: 38502252 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05957j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear transition protein TNP1 is a crucial player mediating histone-protamine exchange in condensing spermatids. A unique combination of intrinsic disorder and multivalent properties turns TNP1 into an ideal agent for orchestrating the formation of versatile TNP-DNA assemblies. Despite its significance, the physicochemical property and the molecular mechanism followed by TNP1 for histone replacement and DNA condensation are still poorly understood. This study reports the first-time in vitro expression and purification of human TNP1 and investigates the hierarchical dynamics of TNP1-DNA interaction using a combination of computational simulations, biochemical assays, fluorescence imaging, and atomic force microscopy. We explored three crucial facets of TNP1-DNA interactions. Initially, we delve into the molecular binding process that entails fuzzy interactions between TNP1 and DNA at the atomistic scale. Subsequently, we analyze how TNP1 binding affects the electrostatic and mechanical characteristics of DNA and influences its morphology. Finally, we study the biomolecular condensation of TNP1-DNA when subjected to high concentrations. The findings of our study set the foundation for comprehending the potential involvement of TNP1 in histone replacement and DNA condensation in spermatogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shangqiang Xie
- School of Life Science, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Congran Yue
- School of Life Science, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Sheng Ye
- School of Life Science, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhenlu Li
- School of Life Science, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ansari AS, K C R, Morales LC, Nasrullah M, Meenakshi Sundaram DN, Kucharski C, Jiang X, Brandwein J, Uludağ H. Lipopolymer mediated siRNA delivery targeting aberrant oncogenes for effective therapy of myeloid leukemia in preclinical animal models. J Control Release 2024; 367:821-836. [PMID: 38360178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The clinical development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) has led to great strides in improving the survival of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. But even the new generation TKIs are rendered futile in the face of evolving landscape of acquired mutations leading to drug resistance, necessitating the pursuit of alternative therapeutic approaches. In contrast to exploiting proteins as targets like most conventional drugs and TKIs, RNA Interference (RNAi) exerts its therapeutic action towards disease-driving aberrant genes. To realize the potential of RNAi, the major challenge is to efficiently deliver the therapeutic mediator of RNAi, small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules. In this study, we explored the feasibility of using aliphatic lipid (linoleic acid and lauric acid)-grafted polymers (lipopolymers) for the delivery of siRNAs against the FLT3 oncogene in AML and BCR-ABL oncogene in CML. The lipopolymer delivered siRNA potently suppressed the proliferation AML and CML cells via silencing of the targeted oncogenes. In both AML and CML subcutaneous xenografts generated in NCG mice, intravenously administered lipopolymer/siRNA complexes displayed significant inhibitory effect on tumor growth. Combining siFLT3 complexes with gilteritinib allowed for reduction of effective drug dosage, longer duration of remission, and enhanced survival after relapse, compared to gilteritinib monotherapy. Anti-leukemic activity of siBCR-ABL complexes was similar in wild-type and TKI-resistant cells, and therapeutic efficacy was confirmed in vivo through prolonged survival of the NCG hosts systemically implanted with TKI-resistant cells. These results demonstrate the preclinical efficacy of lipopolymer facilitated siRNA delivery, providing a novel therapeutic platform for myeloid leukemias.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Humans
- Animals
- Mice
- RNA, Small Interfering
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Oncogenes
- Models, Animal
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Aniline Compounds
- Pyrazines
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aysha S Ansari
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Alberta, Canada
| | - Remant K C
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Alberta, Canada
| | - Luis C Morales
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mohammad Nasrullah
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2H1, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Cezary Kucharski
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Terry Fox Labs, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V5Z 1L3, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joseph Brandwein
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hasan Uludağ
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Alberta, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2H1, Alberta, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu L, Cao Y, Xu Y, Li R, Xu X. Redox-Responsive Polymeric Nanoparticle for Nucleic Acid Delivery and Cancer Therapy: Progress, Opportunities, and Challenges. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300238. [PMID: 37573033 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer development and progression of cancer are closely associated with the activation of oncogenes and loss of tumor suppressor genes. Nucleic acid drugs (e.g., siRNA, mRNA, and DNA) are widely used for cancer therapy due to their specific ability to regulate the expression of any cancer-associated genes. However, nucleic acid drugs are negatively charged biomacromolecules that are susceptible to serum nucleases and cannot cross cell membrane. Therefore, specific delivery tools are required to facilitate the intracellular delivery of nucleic acid drugs. In the past few decades, a variety of nanoparticles (NPs) are designed and developed for nucleic acid delivery and cancer therapy. In particular, the polymeric NPs in response to the abnormal redox status in cancer cells have garnered much more attention as their potential in redox-triggered nanostructure dissociation and rapid intracellular release of nucleic acid drugs. In this review, the important genes or signaling pathways regulating the abnormal redox status in cancer cells are briefly introduced and the recent development of redox-responsive NPs for nucleic acid delivery and cancer therapy is systemically summarized. The future development of NPs-mediated nucleic acid delivery and their challenges in clinical translation are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, P. R. China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Nanomaterials, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, P. R. China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, P. R. China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Nanomaterials, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, P. R. China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, P. R. China
| | - Ya Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, P. R. China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Nanomaterials, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, P. R. China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, P. R. China
| | - Rong Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoding Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, P. R. China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Nanomaterials, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, P. R. China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, P. R. China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gu J, Xu Z, Liu Q, Tang S, Zhang W, Xie S, Chen X, Chen J, Yong KT, Yang C, Xu G. Building a Better Silver Bullet: Current Status and Perspectives of Non-Viral Vectors for mRNA Vaccines. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302409. [PMID: 37964681 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have exhibited great potential to replace conventional vaccines owing to their low risk of insertional mutagenesis, safety and efficacy, rapid and scalable production, and low-cost manufacturing. With the great achievements of chemical modification and sequence optimization methods of mRNA, the key to the success of mRNA vaccines is strictly dependent on safe and efficient gene vectors. Among various delivery platforms, non-viral mRNA vectors could represent perfect choices for future clinical translation regarding their safety, sufficient packaging capability, low immunogenicity, and versatility. In this review, the recent progress in the development of non-viral mRNA vectors is focused on. Various organic vectors including lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), polymers, peptides, and exosomes for efficient mRNA delivery are presented and summarized. Furthermore, the latest advances in clinical trials of mRNA vaccines are described. Finally, the current challenges and future possibilities for the clinical translation of these promising mRNA vectors are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan, University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zhourui Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Qiqi Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518102, China
| | - Shiqi Tang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Wenguang Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Shouxia Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan, University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518102, China
| | - Jiajie Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Ken-Tye Yong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Chengbin Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Gaixia Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mohanty P, Panda P, Acharya RK, Pande B, Bhaskar LVKS, Verma HK. Emerging perspectives on RNA virus-mediated infections: from pathogenesis to therapeutic interventions. World J Virol 2023; 12:242-255. [PMID: 38187500 PMCID: PMC10768389 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v12.i5.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA viruses continue to pose significant threats to global public health, necessitating a profound understanding of their pathogenic mechanisms and the development of effective therapeutic interventions. This manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of emerging perspectives on RNA virus-mediated infections, spanning from the intricate intricacies of viral pathogenesis to the forefront of innovative therapeutic strategies. A critical exploration of antiviral drugs sets the stage, highlighting the diverse classes of compounds that target various stages of the viral life cycle, underscoring the ongoing efforts to combat viral infections. Central to this discussion is the exploration of RNA-based therapeutics, with a spotlight on messenger RNA (mRNA)-based approaches that have revolutionized the landscape of antiviral interventions. Furthermore, the manuscript delves into the intricate world of delivery systems, exploring inno-vative technologies designed to enhance the efficiency and safety of mRNA vaccines. By analyzing the challenges and advancements in delivery mechanisms, this review offers a roadmap for future research and development in this critical area. Beyond conventional infectious diseases, the document explores the expanding applications of mRNA vaccines, including their promising roles in cancer immunotherapy and personalized medicine approaches. This manuscript serves as a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers alike, offering a nuanced perspective on RNA virus pathogenesis and the cutting-edge therapeutic interventions. By synthesizing the latest advancements and challenges, this review contributes significantly to the ongoing discourse in the field, driving the development of novel strategies to combat RNA virus-mediated infections effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Mohanty
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Poojarani Panda
- Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Acharya
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Bilaspur 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Babita Pande
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Science, Raipur 492001, chhattisgarh, India
| | - LVKS Bhaskar
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Bilaspur 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Henu Kumar Verma
- Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich 85764, Bayren, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fan T, Zhang M, Yang J, Zhu Z, Cao W, Dong C. Therapeutic cancer vaccines: advancements, challenges, and prospects. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:450. [PMID: 38086815 PMCID: PMC10716479 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01674-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development and regulatory approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies, cancer immunotherapy has undergone a profound transformation over the past decades. Recently, therapeutic cancer vaccines have shown promise by eliciting de novo T cell responses targeting tumor antigens, including tumor-associated antigens and tumor-specific antigens. The objective was to amplify and diversify the intrinsic repertoire of tumor-specific T cells. However, the complete realization of these capabilities remains an ongoing pursuit. Therefore, we provide an overview of the current landscape of cancer vaccines in this review. The range of antigen selection, antigen delivery systems development the strategic nuances underlying effective antigen presentation have pioneered cancer vaccine design. Furthermore, this review addresses the current status of clinical trials and discusses their strategies, focusing on tumor-specific immunogenicity and anti-tumor efficacy assessment. However, current clinical attempts toward developing cancer vaccines have not yielded breakthrough clinical outcomes due to significant challenges, including tumor immune microenvironment suppression, optimal candidate identification, immune response evaluation, and vaccine manufacturing acceleration. Therefore, the field is poised to overcome hurdles and improve patient outcomes in the future by acknowledging these clinical complexities and persistently striving to surmount inherent constraints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Fan
- Department of Oncology, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingna Zhang
- Postgraduate Training Base, Shanghai East Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jingxian Yang
- Department of Oncology, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhounan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanlu Cao
- Department of Oncology, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chunyan Dong
- Department of Oncology, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Watanabe T, Ochi Y, Kajihara R, Ichikawa K, Ezaki R, Matsuzaki M, Horiuchi H. Lipofection with Lipofectamine™ 2000 in a heparin-free growth medium results in high transfection efficiency in chicken primordial germ cells. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300328. [PMID: 37559489 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) that can differentiate into gametes are used to produce genome-edited chickens. However, the transfection efficiency into PGCs is low in chickens; therefore, the yield efficiency of PGCs modified via genome editing is problematic. In this study, we improved transfection efficiency and achieved highly efficient genome editing in chicken PGCs. For transfection, we used lipofection, which is convenient for gene transfer. Chicken PGC cultures require adding heparin to support growth; however, heparin significantly reduces lipofection efficiency (p < 0.01). Heparin-induced lipofection efficiency was restored by adding protamine. Based on these results, we optimized gene transfer into chicken PGCs. Lipofectamine 2000 and our PGC medium were the most efficient transfection reagent and medium, respectively. Finally, based on established conditions, we compared the gene knock-out efficiencies of ovomucoid, a major egg allergen, and gene knock-in efficiencies at the ACTB locus. These results indicate that optimized lipofection is useful for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-out and knock-in. Our findings may contribute to the generation of genome-edited chickens and stimulate research in various applications involving them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tenkai Watanabe
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuta Ochi
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryota Kajihara
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kennosuke Ichikawa
- Genome Editing Innovation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ryo Ezaki
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mei Matsuzaki
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Horiuchi
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
- Genome Editing Innovation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Geng K, Rice-Boucher PJ, Kashentseva EA, Dmitriev IP, Lu ZH, Goedegebuure SP, Gillanders WE, Curiel DT. Engineering a Novel Modular Adenoviral mRNA Delivery Platform Based on Tag/Catcher Bioconjugation. Viruses 2023; 15:2277. [PMID: 38005953 PMCID: PMC10674448 DOI: 10.3390/v15112277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
mRNA vaccines have attracted widespread research attention with clear advantages in terms of molecular flexibility, rapid development, and potential for personalization. However, current mRNA vaccine platforms have not been optimized for induction of CD4/CD8 T cell responses. In addition, the mucosal administration of mRNA based on lipid nanoparticle technology faces challenges in clinical translation. In contrast, adenovirus-based vaccines induce strong T cell responses and have been approved for intranasal delivery. To leverage the inherent strengths of both the mRNA and adenovirus platforms, we developed a novel modular adenoviral mRNA delivery platform based on Tag/Catcher bioconjugation. Specifically, we engineered adenoviral vectors integrating Tag/Catcher proteins at specific locales on the Ad capsid proteins, allowing us to anchor mRNA to the surface of engineered Ad viruses. In proof-of-concept studies, the Ad-mRNA platform successfully mediated mRNA delivery and could be optimized via the highly flexible modular design of both the Ad-mRNA and protein bioconjugation systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Geng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Biologic Therapeutics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (K.G.); (P.J.R.-B.); (E.A.K.); (I.P.D.); (Z.H.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA
| | - Paul J. Rice-Boucher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Biologic Therapeutics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (K.G.); (P.J.R.-B.); (E.A.K.); (I.P.D.); (Z.H.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA
| | - Elena A. Kashentseva
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Biologic Therapeutics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (K.G.); (P.J.R.-B.); (E.A.K.); (I.P.D.); (Z.H.L.)
| | - Igor P. Dmitriev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Biologic Therapeutics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (K.G.); (P.J.R.-B.); (E.A.K.); (I.P.D.); (Z.H.L.)
| | - Zhi Hong Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Biologic Therapeutics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (K.G.); (P.J.R.-B.); (E.A.K.); (I.P.D.); (Z.H.L.)
| | - S. Peter Goedegebuure
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (S.P.G.); (W.E.G.)
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - William E. Gillanders
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (S.P.G.); (W.E.G.)
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David T. Curiel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Biologic Therapeutics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (K.G.); (P.J.R.-B.); (E.A.K.); (I.P.D.); (Z.H.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
McLoughlin NM, Albers MA, Collado Camps E, Paulus J, Ran YA, Neubacher S, Hennig S, Brock R, Grossmann TN. Environment-Responsive Peptide Dimers Bind and Stabilize Double-Stranded RNA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308028. [PMID: 37603459 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Double-stranded RNAs (dsRNA) possess immense potential for biomedical applications. However, their therapeutic utility is limited by low stability and poor cellular uptake. Different strategies have been explored to enhance the stability of dsRNA, including the incorporation of modified nucleotides, and the use of diverse carrier systems. Nevertheless, these have not resulted in a broadly applicable approach thereby preventing the wide-spread application of dsRNA for therapeutic purposes. Herein, we report the design of dimeric stapled peptides based on the RNA-binding protein TAV2b. These dimers are obtained via disulfide formation and mimic the natural TAV2b assembly. They bind and stabilize dsRNA in the presence of serum, protecting it from degradation. In addition, peptide binding also promotes cellular uptake of dsRNA. Importantly, peptide dimers monomerize under reducing conditions which results in a loss of RNA binding. These findings highlight the potential of peptide-based RNA binders for the stabilization and protection of dsRNA, representing an appealing strategy towards the environment-triggered release of RNA. This can broaden the applicability of dsRNA, such as short interfering RNAs (siRNA), for therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niall M McLoughlin
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marvin A Albers
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Estel Collado Camps
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Center, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jannik Paulus
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Youri A Ran
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Neubacher
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Incircular B.V., De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Hennig
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Brock
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Center, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, 293, Bahrain
| | - Tom N Grossmann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ruseska I, Zimmer A. Cellular uptake and trafficking of peptide-based drug delivery systems for miRNA. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 191:189-204. [PMID: 37666365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Today, macromolecular compounds such as microRNAs (miRNAs) are becoming more and more widespread as leading therapeutics. However, their application is limited mostly due to their poor stability, limited cellular uptake, and poor target specificity. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), a group of positively charged peptides, represent a breakthrough as delivery systems for macromolecules. In the present study, we used two types of nanoparticles which differ in the type of CPP used for their manufacturing. The first type is composed of protamine, an arginine rich CPP, which is highly positively charged. The arginine residues are able to form electrostatic interactions with miRNAs, stabilize them, and deliver them to cells. The second type is composed of the N-Ter peptide (also known as MPG), an amphipathic peptide rich in lysine. The positively charged parts of the N-Ter peptide electrostatically stabilize miRNAs, whereas its amphipathic character allows it to successfully traverse cell membranes. We used miRNA-27a, a negative regulator of adipogenesis, to form nanoparticles with the peptides and traced their uptake in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Motivated by the lengthy discourse regarding the uptake mechanism of CPPs, the focus of our study was to analyse and understand the internalization of proticles (protamine nanoparticles) and N-Ter complexes. The nanoparticles were characterized regarding size, size distribution, and zeta potential, and their cytotoxicity was tested in 3T3-L1 cells. The uptake studies were performed by varying the experimental conditions such as time, concentration, and temperature, as well as by applying different inhibitors of endocytosis. Furthermore, we assessed the biological effect of miRNA-27a on the pro-adipogenic machinery. The obtained data have shown that protamine and the N-Ter peptide form positively charged nanoparticles through non-covalent complexation. The uptake of proticles and N-Ter complexes was found to be dependent on time, concentration, and temperature, and different uptake pathways were discovered to be involved in the internalization of the different nanoparticles. Furthermore, both types of nanoparticles induced the anti-adipogenic effect of miRNA-27a, demonstrating that this approach can be used as a novel miRNA replacement therapy in the treatment of obesity and obesity-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Ruseska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jang YH, Raspaud E, Lansac Y. DNA-protamine condensates under low salt conditions: molecular dynamics simulation with a simple coarse-grained model focusing on electrostatic interactions. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:4798-4808. [PMID: 37705794 PMCID: PMC10496769 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00847e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Protamine, a small, strongly positively-charged protein, plays a key role in achieving chromatin condensation inside sperm cells and is also involved in the formulation of nanoparticles for gene therapy and packaging of mRNA-based vaccines against viral infection and cancer. The detailed mechanisms of such condensations are still poorly understood especially under low salt conditions where electrostatic interaction predominates. Our previous study, with a refined coarse-grained model in full consideration of the long-range electrostatic interactions, has demonstrated the crucial role of electrostatic interaction in protamine-controlled reversible DNA condensation. Therefore, we herein pay our attention only to the electrostatic interaction and devise a coarser-grained bead-spring model representing the right linear charge density on protamine and DNA chains but treating other short-range interactions as simply as possible, which would be suitable for real-scale simulations. Effective pair potential calculations and large-scale molecular dynamics simulations using this extremely simple model reproduce the phase behaviour of DNA in a wide range of protamine concentrations under low salt conditions, again revealing the importance of the electrostatic interaction in this process and providing a detailed nanoscale picture of bundle formation mediated by a charge disproportionation mechanism. Our simulations also show that protamine length alters DNA overcharging and in turn redissolution thresholds of DNA condensates, revealing the important role played by entropies and correlated fluctuations of condensing agents and thus offering an additional opportunity to design tailored nanoparticles for gene therapy. The control mechanism of DNA-protamine condensates will also provide a better microscopic picture of biomolecular condensates, i.e., membraneless organelles arising from liquid-liquid phase separation, that are emerging as key principles of intracellular organization. Such condensates controlled by post-translational modification of protamine, in particular phosphorylation, or by variations in protamine length from species to species may also be responsible for the chromatin-nucleoplasm patterning observed during spermatogenesis in several vertebrate and invertebrate species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hee Jang
- GREMAN UMR 7347, Université de Tours, CNRS, INSA CVL 37200 Tours France
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, DGIST Daegu 42988 Korea
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS UMR 8502, Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Eric Raspaud
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS UMR 8502, Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Yves Lansac
- GREMAN UMR 7347, Université de Tours, CNRS, INSA CVL 37200 Tours France
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, DGIST Daegu 42988 Korea
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS UMR 8502, Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhou W, Jiang L, Liao S, Wu F, Yang G, Hou L, Liu L, Pan X, Jia W, Zhang Y. Vaccines' New Era-RNA Vaccine. Viruses 2023; 15:1760. [PMID: 37632102 PMCID: PMC10458896 DOI: 10.3390/v15081760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA vaccines, including conventional messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, circular RNA (circRNA) vaccines, and self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) vaccines, have ushered in a promising future and revolutionized vaccine development. The success of mRNA vaccines in combating the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus that emerged in 2019 has highlighted the potential of RNA vaccines. These vaccines possess several advantages, such as high efficacy, adaptability, simplicity in antigen design, and the ability to induce both humoral and cellular immunity. They also offer rapid and cost-effective manufacturing, flexibility to target emerging or mutant pathogens and a potential approach for clearing immunotolerant microbes by targeting bacterial or parasitic survival mechanisms. The self-adjuvant effect of mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations or circular RNA further enhances the potential of RNA vaccines. However, some challenges need to be addressed. These include the technology's immaturity, high research expenses, limited duration of antibody response, mRNA instability, low efficiency of circRNA cyclization, and the production of double-stranded RNA as a side product. These factors hinder the widespread adoption and utilization of RNA vaccines, particularly in developing countries. This review provides a comprehensive overview of mRNA, circRNA, and saRNA vaccines for infectious diseases while also discussing their development, current applications, and challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuo Zhou
- CNBG-Virogin Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201800, China; (W.Z.); (L.J.); (S.L.); (F.W.); (G.Y.); (L.H.); (L.L.); (X.P.); (W.J.)
| | - Linglei Jiang
- CNBG-Virogin Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201800, China; (W.Z.); (L.J.); (S.L.); (F.W.); (G.Y.); (L.H.); (L.L.); (X.P.); (W.J.)
| | - Shimiao Liao
- CNBG-Virogin Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201800, China; (W.Z.); (L.J.); (S.L.); (F.W.); (G.Y.); (L.H.); (L.L.); (X.P.); (W.J.)
| | - Feifei Wu
- CNBG-Virogin Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201800, China; (W.Z.); (L.J.); (S.L.); (F.W.); (G.Y.); (L.H.); (L.L.); (X.P.); (W.J.)
| | - Guohuan Yang
- CNBG-Virogin Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201800, China; (W.Z.); (L.J.); (S.L.); (F.W.); (G.Y.); (L.H.); (L.L.); (X.P.); (W.J.)
| | - Li Hou
- CNBG-Virogin Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201800, China; (W.Z.); (L.J.); (S.L.); (F.W.); (G.Y.); (L.H.); (L.L.); (X.P.); (W.J.)
| | - Lan Liu
- CNBG-Virogin Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201800, China; (W.Z.); (L.J.); (S.L.); (F.W.); (G.Y.); (L.H.); (L.L.); (X.P.); (W.J.)
| | - Xinping Pan
- CNBG-Virogin Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201800, China; (W.Z.); (L.J.); (S.L.); (F.W.); (G.Y.); (L.H.); (L.L.); (X.P.); (W.J.)
| | - William Jia
- CNBG-Virogin Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201800, China; (W.Z.); (L.J.); (S.L.); (F.W.); (G.Y.); (L.H.); (L.L.); (X.P.); (W.J.)
- Shanghai-Virogin Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yuntao Zhang
- CNBG-Virogin Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201800, China; (W.Z.); (L.J.); (S.L.); (F.W.); (G.Y.); (L.H.); (L.L.); (X.P.); (W.J.)
- Sinopharm Group China National Biotech Group (CNBG) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100124, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Al Fayez N, Nassar MS, Alshehri AA, Alnefaie MK, Almughem FA, Alshehri BY, Alawad AO, Tawfik EA. Recent Advancement in mRNA Vaccine Development and Applications. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1972. [PMID: 37514158 PMCID: PMC10384963 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine development for preventive and therapeutic applications has evolved rapidly over the last decade. The mRVNA vaccine has proven therapeutic efficacy in various applications, including infectious disease, immunotherapy, genetic disorders, regenerative medicine, and cancer. Many mRNA vaccines have made it to clinical trials, and a couple have obtained FDA approval. This emerging therapeutic approach has several advantages over conventional methods: safety; efficacy; adaptability; bulk production; and cost-effectiveness. However, it is worth mentioning that the delivery to the target site and in vivo degradation and thermal stability are boundaries that can alter their efficacy and outcomes. In this review, we shed light on different types of mRNA vaccines, their mode of action, and the process to optimize their development and overcome their limitations. We also have explored various delivery systems focusing on the nanoparticle-mediated delivery of the mRNA vaccine. Generally, the delivery system plays a vital role in enhancing mRNA vaccine stability, biocompatibility, and homing to the desired cells and tissues. In addition to their function as a delivery vehicle, they serve as a compartment that shields and protects the mRNA molecules against physical, chemical, and biological activities that can alter their efficiency. Finally, we focused on the future considerations that should be attained for safer and more efficient mRNA application underlining the advantages and disadvantages of the current mRNA vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nojoud Al Fayez
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed S Nassar
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Alshehri
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshal K Alnefaie
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Almughem
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bayan Y Alshehri
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah O Alawad
- Healthy Aging Research Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam A Tawfik
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pascolo S. Nonreplicating synthetic mRNA vaccines: A journey through the European (Journal of Immunology) history. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2249941. [PMID: 37029096 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202249941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
The first worldwide article reporting that injections of synthetic nonreplicating mRNA could be used as a vaccine, which originated from a French team located in Paris, was published in the European Journal of Immunology (EJI) in 1993. It relied on work conducted by several research groups in a handful of countries since the 1960s, which put forward the precise description of eukaryotic mRNA and the method to reproduce this molecule in vitro as well as how to transfect it into mammalian cells. Thereafter, the first industrial development of this technology began in Germany in 2000, with the founding of CureVac, which stemmed from another description of a synthetic mRNA vaccine published in EJI in 2000. The first clinical studies investigating mRNA vaccines in humans were performed as collaboration between CureVac and the University of Tübingen in Germany as early as 2003. Finally, the first worldwide approved mRNA vaccine (an anti-COVID-19 vaccine) is based on the mRNA technologies developed by BioNTech since its 2008 foundation in Mainz, Germany, and earlier by the pioneering academic work of its founders. In addition to the past, present, and future of mRNA-based vaccines, the article aims to present the geographical distribution of the early work, how the development of the technology was implemented by several independent and internationally distributed research teams, as well as the controversies on the optimal way to design or formulate and administer mRNA vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Pascolo
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich (USZ), University of Zürich (UZH), Zürich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cai X, Dou R, Guo C, Tang J, Li X, Chen J, Zhang J. Cationic Polymers as Transfection Reagents for Nucleic Acid Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051502. [PMID: 37242744 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid therapy can achieve lasting and even curative effects through gene augmentation, gene suppression, and genome editing. However, it is difficult for naked nucleic acid molecules to enter cells. As a result, the key to nucleic acid therapy is the introduction of nucleic acid molecules into cells. Cationic polymers are non-viral nucleic acid delivery systems with positively charged groups on their molecules that concentrate nucleic acid molecules to form nanoparticles, which help nucleic acids cross barriers to express proteins in cells or inhibit target gene expression. Cationic polymers are easy to synthesize, modify, and structurally control, making them a promising class of nucleic acid delivery systems. In this manuscript, we describe several representative cationic polymers, especially biodegradable cationic polymers, and provide an outlook on cationic polymers as nucleic acid delivery vehicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-Disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Dou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-Disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chen Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-Disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiaruo Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-Disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiajuan Li
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-Disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-Disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Utilizing chemotherapy-induced tumor RNA nanoparticles to improve cancer chemoimmunotherapy. Acta Biomater 2023; 158:698-707. [PMID: 36563773 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy has become a popular combination strategy to improve the response rate of immunotherapy since certain chemotherapeutic drugs kill tumor cells by an immunogenic cell death (ICD) pathway, which activates antitumor immune responses. Unfortunately, the synergistic effect of chemoimmunotherapy can be impaired due to the toxicities of chemotherapeutic agent-induced lymphatic depletion and immunosuppression. In this study, we present an approach to improve immunotherapy by using tumor RNA nanoparticles (RNA-NPs) where RNA is directly extracted from chemotherapy-treated cancer cells and then condensed by protamine via electrostatic interactions to form complexes. Such RNA-NPs can be effectively taken up by dendritic cells (DCs) in the draining lymph nodes after subcutaneous injection. Compared with noninduced tumor RNA nanoparticles (N-RNA-NPs), chemotherapy-induced tumor RNA nanoparticles (C-RNA-NPs) can significantly promote DC maturation and stimulate a stronger immune response against established CT-26 colon carcinoma. Besides, C-RNA-NPs can improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy by facilitating the infiltration of intratumoral T cells and increasing the ratio of CD8+ T cells to regulatory T cells (Tregs). More importantly, the synergistic effect of chemoimmunotherapy is also enhanced by treatment with C-RNA-NPs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Although immune checkpoint blockade therapy has been demonstrated to be effective in some advanced cancers, the low response rate has significantly limited its clinical application. To address this issue, a new strategy for improving cancer immunotherapy using chemotherapy-induced tumor RNA nanoparticles (C-RNA-NPs) is developed in this work. The proposed C-RNA-NPs could be captured by dendritic cells, which were then stimulated to the maturation status to initiate an anticancer immune response. Furthermore, the response rate to immunotherapy was significantly increased by promoting intratumoral T-cell infiltration and elevating the intratumoral ratio of CD8+ T cells to regulatory T cells after treatment with C-RNA-NPs. Therefore, C-RNA-NPs have the potential to improve cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
22
|
Yang W, Mixich L, Boonstra E, Cabral H. Polymer-Based mRNA Delivery Strategies for Advanced Therapies. Adv Healthc Mater 2023:e2202688. [PMID: 36785927 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based therapies offer great promise for the treatment of a variety of diseases. In 2020, two FDA approvals of mRNA-based vaccines have elevated mRNA vaccines to global recognition. However, the therapeutic capabilities of mRNA extend far beyond vaccines against infectious diseases. They hold potential for cancer vaccines, protein replacement therapies, gene editing therapies, and immunotherapies. For realizing such advanced therapies, it is crucial to develop effective carrier systems. Recent advances in materials science have led to the development of promising nonviral mRNA delivery systems. In comparison to other carriers like lipid nanoparticles, polymer-based delivery systems often receive less attention, despite their unique ability to carefully tune their chemical features to promote mRNA protection, their favorable pharmacokinetics, and their potential for targeting delivery. In this review, the central features of polymer-based systems for mRNA delivery highlighting the molecular design criteria, stability, and biodistribution are discussed. Finally, the role of targeting ligands for the future of RNA therapies is analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Lucas Mixich
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Eger Boonstra
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Curreri A, Sankholkar D, Mitragotri S, Zhao Z. RNA therapeutics in the clinic. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10374. [PMID: 36684099 PMCID: PMC9842029 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) therapeutics are being actively researched as a therapeutic modality in preclinical and clinical studies. They have become one of the most ubiquitously known and discussed therapeutics in recent years in part due to the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. Since the first approval in 1998, research on RNA therapeutics has progressed to discovering new therapeutic targets and delivery strategies to enhance their safety and efficacy. Here, we provide an overview of the current clinically relevant RNA therapeutics, mechanistic basis of their function, and strategies to improve their clinical use. We discuss the 17 approved RNA therapeutics and perform an in-depth analysis of the 222 ongoing clinical trials, with an emphasis on their respective mechanisms and disease areas. We also provide perspectives on the challenges for clinical translation of RNA therapeutics and suggest potential strategies to address these challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Curreri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | | | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Zongmin Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center Chicago Illinois USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jarzebska NT, Tusup M, Frei J, Weiss T, Holzinger T, Mellett M, Diken M, Bredl S, Weller M, Speck RF, Kündig TM, Sahin U, Pascolo S. RNA with chemotherapeutic base analogues as a dual-functional anti-cancer drug. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2147665. [DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2147665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Teresa Jarzebska
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich (USZ), University of Zürich (UZH), Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marina Tusup
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich (USZ), University of Zürich (UZH), Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Frei
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich (USZ), University of Zürich (UZH), Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Weiss
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zürich (USZ), University of Zürich (UZH), 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tim Holzinger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich (USZ), University of Zürich (UZH), Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mark Mellett
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich (USZ), University of Zürich (UZH), Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Simon Bredl
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zürich (USZ), University of Zürich (UZH), 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zürich (USZ), University of Zürich (UZH), 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roberto F. Speck
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zürich (USZ), University of Zürich (UZH), 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas M. Kündig
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich (USZ), University of Zürich (UZH), Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Steve Pascolo
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich (USZ), University of Zürich (UZH), Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chavda VP, Soni S, Vora LK, Soni S, Khadela A, Ajabiya J. mRNA-Based Vaccines and Therapeutics for COVID-19 and Future Pandemics. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:2150. [PMID: 36560560 PMCID: PMC9785933 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An unheard mobilization of resources to find SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and therapies has been sparked by the COVID-19 pandemic. Two years ago, COVID-19's launch propelled mRNA-based technologies into the public eye. Knowledge gained from mRNA technology used to combat COVID-19 is assisting in the creation of treatments and vaccines to treat existing illnesses and may avert pandemics in the future. Exploiting the capacity of mRNA to create therapeutic proteins to impede or treat a variety of illnesses, including cancer, is the main goal of the quickly developing, highly multidisciplinary field of biomedicine. In this review, we explore the potential of mRNA as a vaccine and therapeutic using current research findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P. Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Shailvi Soni
- Massachussets College of Pharmacy and Health Science, 19 Foster Street, Worcester, MA 01608, USA
| | - Lalitkumar K. Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Shruti Soni
- PharmD Section, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Avinash Khadela
- Department of Pharmacology, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Jinal Ajabiya
- Department of Pharmaceutics Analysis and Quality Assurance, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yang L, Gong L, Wang P, Zhao X, Zhao F, Zhang Z, Li Y, Huang W. Recent Advances in Lipid Nanoparticles for Delivery of mRNA. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2682. [PMID: 36559175 PMCID: PMC9787894 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA), which is composed of ribonucleotides that carry genetic information and direct protein synthesis, is transcribed from a strand of DNA as a template. On this basis, mRNA technology can take advantage of the body's own translation system to express proteins with multiple functions for the treatment of various diseases. Due to the advancement of mRNA synthesis and purification, modification and sequence optimization technologies, and the emerging lipid nanomaterials and other delivery systems, mRNA therapeutic regimens are becoming clinically feasible and exhibit significant reliability in mRNA stability, translation efficiency, and controlled immunogenicity. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), currently the leading non-viral delivery vehicles, have made many exciting advances in clinical translation as part of the COVID-19 vaccines and therefore have the potential to accelerate the clinical translation of gene drugs. Additionally, due to their small size, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, LNPs can effectively deliver nucleic acids into cells, which is particularly important for the current mRNA regimens. Therefore, the cutting-edge LNP@mRNA regimens hold great promise for cancer vaccines, infectious disease prevention, protein replacement therapy, gene editing, and rare disease treatment. To shed more lights on LNP@mRNA, this paper mainly discusses the rational of choosing LNPs as the non-viral vectors to deliver mRNA, the general rules for mRNA optimization and LNP preparation, and the various parameters affecting the delivery efficiency of LNP@mRNA, and finally summarizes the current research status as well as the current challenges. The latest research progress of LNPs in the treatment of other diseases such as oncological, cardiovascular, and infectious diseases is also given. Finally, the future applications and perspectives for LNP@mRNA are generally introduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Liming Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xinghui Zhao
- Beijing Bio-Bank Co., Ltd., Beijing 100107, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yunfei Li
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gu Y, Duan J, Yang N, Yang Y, Zhao X. mRNA vaccines in the prevention and treatment of diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e167. [PMID: 36033422 PMCID: PMC9409637 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines made their successful public debut in the effort against the COVID-19 outbreak starting in late 2019, although the history of mRNA vaccines can be traced back decades. This review provides an overview to discuss the historical course and present situation of mRNA vaccine development in addition to some basic concepts that underly mRNA vaccines. We discuss the general preparation and manufacturing of mRNA vaccines and also discuss the scientific advances in the in vivo delivery system and evaluate popular approaches (i.e., lipid nanoparticle and protamine) in detail. Next, we highlight the clinical value of mRNA vaccines as potent candidates for therapeutic treatment and discuss clinical progress in the treatment of cancer and coronavirus disease 2019. Data suggest that mRNA vaccines, with several prominent advantages, have achieved encouraging results and increasing attention due to tremendous potential in disease management. Finally, we suggest some potential directions worthy of further investigation and optimization. In addition to basic research, studies that help to facilitate storage and transportation will be indispensable for practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangzhuo Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University; Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Jiangyao Duan
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Na Yang
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center/School of Basic Medical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Yuxin Yang
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center/School of Basic Medical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Xing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University; Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduChina
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center/School of Basic Medical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Uchida S. Delivery Systems of Plasmid DNA and Messenger RNA for Advanced Therapies. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040810. [PMID: 35456642 PMCID: PMC9029576 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast potential of non-viral delivery systems of messenger RNA (mRNA) and plasmid DNA (pDNA) has been demonstrated in the vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [...]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Uchida
- Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 606-0823, Japan;
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fang E, Liu X, Li M, Zhang Z, Song L, Zhu B, Wu X, Liu J, Zhao D, Li Y. Advances in COVID-19 mRNA vaccine development. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:94. [PMID: 35322018 PMCID: PMC8940982 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00950-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has determined 399,600,607 cases and 5,757,562 deaths worldwide. COVID-19 is a serious threat to human health globally. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared COVID-19 pandemic a major public health emergency. Vaccination is the most effective and economical intervention for controlling the spread of epidemics, and consequently saving lives and protecting the health of the population. Various techniques have been employed in the development of COVID-19 vaccines. Among these, the COVID-19 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine has been drawing increasing attention owing to its great application prospects and advantages, which include short development cycle, easy industrialization, simple production process, flexibility to respond to new variants, and the capacity to induce better immune response. This review summarizes current knowledge on the structural characteristics, antigen design strategies, delivery systems, industrialization potential, quality control, latest clinical trials and real-world data of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines as well as mRNA technology. Current challenges and future directions in the development of preventive mRNA vaccines for major infectious diseases are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enyue Fang
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430207, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Miao Li
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Zelun Zhang
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Lifang Song
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Baiyu Zhu
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Danhua Zhao
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Yuhua Li
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hadianamrei R, Zhao X. Current state of the art in peptide-based gene delivery. J Control Release 2022; 343:600-619. [PMID: 35157938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
31
|
Affiliation(s)
- Minglong Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and Engineering School of Chemistry and Materials Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Xianglong Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and Engineering School of Chemistry and Materials Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and Engineering School of Chemistry and Materials Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Faust A, Bäumer N, Schlütermann A, Becht M, Greune L, Geyer C, Rüter C, Margeta R, Wittmann L, Dersch P, Lenz G, Berdel WE, Bäumer S. Tumorzellspezifisches Targeting von Ibrutinib: Einführung von elektrostatischen Antikörper‐Inhibitor‐Konjugaten (AiCs). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Faust
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging Universität Münster Waldeyerstr. 15 48159 Münster Deutschland
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Klinische Forschung (IZKF) Universität Münster Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Nicole Bäumer
- Medizinische Klinik A, Hämatologie/Onkologie Universitätsklinikum Münster Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Klinische Forschung (IZKF) Universität Münster Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Alina Schlütermann
- Medizinische Klinik A, Hämatologie/Onkologie Universitätsklinikum Münster Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Manuel Becht
- Medizinische Klinik A, Hämatologie/Onkologie Universitätsklinikum Münster Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Lilo Greune
- Institut für Infektiologie Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Entzündung (ZMBE) Universität Münster Von-Esmarch-Str. 56 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Christiane Geyer
- Institut für Klinische Radiologie Universitätsklinikum Münster Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Christian Rüter
- Institut für Infektiologie Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Entzündung (ZMBE) Universität Münster Von-Esmarch-Str. 56 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Renato Margeta
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging Universität Münster Waldeyerstr. 15 48159 Münster Deutschland
| | - Lisa Wittmann
- Medizinische Klinik A, Hämatologie/Onkologie Universitätsklinikum Münster Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Petra Dersch
- Institut für Infektiologie Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Entzündung (ZMBE) Universität Münster Von-Esmarch-Str. 56 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Georg Lenz
- Medizinische Klinik A, Hämatologie/Onkologie Universitätsklinikum Münster Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Wolfgang E. Berdel
- Medizinische Klinik A, Hämatologie/Onkologie Universitätsklinikum Münster Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Sebastian Bäumer
- Medizinische Klinik A, Hämatologie/Onkologie Universitätsklinikum Münster Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Klinische Forschung (IZKF) Universität Münster Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1 48149 Münster Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Thachil J. Protamine-The Journey from DNA to Heparin Neutralization to Gene therapy. Semin Thromb Hemost 2021; 48:240-243. [PMID: 34729729 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1736574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Protamine is now well recognized as a key heparin neutralizing agent. However, protamine was discovered over a century ago, during experiments performed to uncover the secrets behind heritability. Although protamine was discovered as a highly charged protein, it did not receive the attention it deserved until the dawn of insulin era, when it was used to create the neutral protamine Hagedorn formulation. Based on the same principles, protamine was identified to neutralize heparin and has since been used successfully for many years in cardiothoracic surgery. More recently, its clinical applications have extended to gene therapy. In this historical sketch, the journey from the discovery of protamine, onwards to heparin neutralization, and up to its utilization in genetic modulatory treatments is detailed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jecko Thachil
- Department of Haematology, Manchester University Hospitals, Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Faust A, Bäumer N, Schlütermann A, Becht M, Greune L, Geyer C, Rüter C, Margeta R, Wittmann L, Dersch P, Lenz G, Berdel WE, Bäumer S. Tumor-Cell-Specific Targeting of Ibrutinib: Introducing Electrostatic Antibody-Inhibitor Conjugates (AiCs). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202109769. [PMID: 34725904 PMCID: PMC9299256 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Ibrutinib is an inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase that has been approved for the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia and is connected with toxicities. To minimize its toxicities, we linked ibrutinib to a cell‐targeted, internalizing antibody. To this end, we synthesized a poly‐anionic derivate, ibrutinib‐Cy3.5, that retains full functionality. This anionic inhibitor is complexed by our anti‐CD20‐protamine targeting conjugate and free protamine, and thereby spontaneously assembles into an electrostatically stabilized vesicular nanocarrier. The complexation led to an accumulation of the drug driven by the CD20 antigen internalization to the intended cells and an amplification of its pharmacological effectivity. In vivo, we observed a significant enrichment of the drug in xenograft lymphoma tumors in immune‐compromised mice and a significantly better response to lower doses compared to the original drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Faust
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48159, Münster, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center of Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Nicole Bäumer
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1, 48149, Muenster, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center of Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Alina Schlütermann
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Manuel Becht
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Lilo Greune
- Institute for Infectiology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Christiane Geyer
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Rüter
- Institute for Infectiology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Renato Margeta
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48159, Münster, Germany
| | - Lisa Wittmann
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Petra Dersch
- Institute for Infectiology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Georg Lenz
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E Berdel
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bäumer
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1, 48149, Muenster, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center of Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|