1
|
Gu X, Minko T. Targeted Nanoparticle-Based Diagnostic and Treatment Options for Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1589. [PMID: 38672671 PMCID: PMC11048786 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the deadliest cancers, presents significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment due to its aggressive, metastatic nature and lack of early detection methods. A key obstacle in PDAC treatment is the highly complex tumor environment characterized by dense stroma surrounding the tumor, which hinders effective drug delivery. Nanotechnology can offer innovative solutions to these challenges, particularly in creating novel drug delivery systems for existing anticancer drugs for PDAC, such as gemcitabine and paclitaxel. By using customization methods such as incorporating conjugated targeting ligands, tumor-penetrating peptides, and therapeutic nucleic acids, these nanoparticle-based systems enhance drug solubility, extend circulation time, improve tumor targeting, and control drug release, thereby minimizing side effects and toxicity in healthy tissues. Moreover, nanoparticles have also shown potential in precise diagnostic methods for PDAC. This literature review will delve into targeted mechanisms, pathways, and approaches in treating pancreatic cancer. Additional emphasis is placed on the study of nanoparticle-based delivery systems, with a brief mention of those in clinical trials. Overall, the overview illustrates the significant advances in nanomedicine, underscoring its role in transcending the constraints of conventional PDAC therapies and diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08554, USA
| | - Tamara Minko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08554, USA
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Izzadeen A, Dymock L, Hoskins C. Small-scale particles showing large-scale impact in pancreatic cancer. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023; 18:1795-1797. [PMID: 37905499 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arza Izzadeen
- Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, Technology & Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, Scotland
| | - Lewis Dymock
- Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, Technology & Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, Scotland
| | - Clare Hoskins
- Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, Technology & Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, Scotland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Viegas C, Patrício AB, Prata J, Fonseca L, Macedo AS, Duarte SOD, Fonte P. Advances in Pancreatic Cancer Treatment by Nano-Based Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2363. [PMID: 37765331 PMCID: PMC10536303 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer represents one of the most lethal cancer types worldwide, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 5%. Due to the inability to diagnose it promptly and the lack of efficacy of existing treatments, research and development of innovative therapies and new diagnostics are crucial to increase the survival rate and decrease mortality. Nanomedicine has been gaining importance as an innovative approach for drug delivery and diagnosis, opening new horizons through the implementation of smart nanocarrier systems, which can deliver drugs to the specific tissue or organ at an optimal concentration, enhancing treatment efficacy and reducing systemic toxicity. Varied materials such as lipids, polymers, and inorganic materials have been used to obtain nanoparticles and develop innovative drug delivery systems for pancreatic cancer treatment. In this review, it is discussed the main scientific advances in pancreatic cancer treatment by nano-based drug delivery systems. The advantages and disadvantages of such delivery systems in pancreatic cancer treatment are also addressed. More importantly, the different types of nanocarriers and therapeutic strategies developed so far are scrutinized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Viegas
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
- Center for Marine Sciences (CCMar), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.B.P.); (S.O.D.D.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana B. Patrício
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.B.P.); (S.O.D.D.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Prata
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.B.P.); (S.O.D.D.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Leonor Fonseca
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.B.P.); (S.O.D.D.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana S. Macedo
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.B.P.); (S.O.D.D.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Applied Chemistry Lab—Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia O. D. Duarte
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.B.P.); (S.O.D.D.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Fonte
- Center for Marine Sciences (CCMar), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.B.P.); (S.O.D.D.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hamdy Gad E. Pancreatic Cancer: Updates in Pathogenesis and Therapies. PANCREATIC CANCER- UPDATES IN PATHOGENESIS, DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPIES [WORKING TITLE] 2023. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.112675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the progress in pancreatic cancer (PC) chemo/radiotherapies, immunotherapies, and novel targeted therapies and the improvement in its peri-operative management policies, it still has a dismal catastrophic prognosis due to delayed detection, early neural and vascular invasions, early micro-metastatic spread, tumour heterogeneities, drug resistance either intrinsic or acquired, unique desmoplastic stroma, and tumour microenvironment (TME). Understanding tumour pathogenesis at the detailed genetic/epigenetic/metabolic/molecular levels as well as studying the tumour risk factors and its known precancerous lesions aggressively is required for getting a more successful therapy for this challenging tumour. For a better outcome of this catastrophic tumour, it should be diagnosed early and treated through multidisciplinary teams of surgeons, gastroenterologists/interventional upper endoscopists, medical/radiation oncologists, diagnostic/intervention radiologists, and pathologists at high-volume centres. Moreover, surgical resection with a negative margin (R0) is the only cure for it. In this chapter; we discuss the recently updated knowledge of PC pathogenesis, risk factors, and precancerous lesions as well as its different management tools (i.e. surgery, chemo/radiotherapies, immunotherapies, novel targeted therapies, local ablative therapies, etc.).
Collapse
|
5
|
Olajubutu O, Ogundipe OD, Adebayo A, Adesina SK. Drug Delivery Strategies for the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051318. [PMID: 37242560 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is fast becoming a global menace and it is projected to be the second leading cause of cancer-related death by 2030. Pancreatic adenocarcinomas, which develop in the pancreas' exocrine region, are the predominant type of pancreatic cancer, representing about 95% of total pancreatic tumors. The malignancy progresses asymptomatically, making early diagnosis difficult. It is characterized by excessive production of fibrotic stroma known as desmoplasia, which aids tumor growth and metastatic spread by remodeling the extracellular matrix and releasing tumor growth factors. For decades, immense efforts have been harnessed toward developing more effective drug delivery systems for pancreatic cancer treatment leveraging nanotechnology, immunotherapy, drug conjugates, and combinations of these approaches. However, despite the reported preclinical success of these approaches, no substantial progress has been made clinically and the prognosis for pancreatic cancer is worsening. This review provides insights into challenges associated with the delivery of therapeutics for pancreatic cancer treatment and discusses drug delivery strategies to minimize adverse effects associated with current chemotherapy options and to improve the efficiency of drug treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Omotola D Ogundipe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Amusa Adebayo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Simeon K Adesina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ivermectin Augments the Anti-Cancer Activity of Pitavastatin in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Diseases 2023; 11:diseases11010049. [PMID: 36975598 PMCID: PMC10047003 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that pitavastatin has the potential to be used to treat ovarian cancer, although relatively high doses are likely to be necessary. One solution to this problem is to identify drugs that are synergistic with pitavastatin, thereby reducing the dose that is necessary to have a therapeutic effect. Here, we tested combinations of pitavastatin with the anti-parasitic drug ivermectin in six ovarian cancer cell lines. When tested on its own, ivermectin inhibited the growth of the cells but only with modest potency (IC50 = 10–20 µM). When the drugs were combined and assessed in cell growth assays, ivermectin showed synergy with pitavastatin in 3 cell lines and this was most evident in COV-318 cells (combination index ~ 0.6). Ivermectin potentiated the reduction in COV-318 cell viability caused by pitavastatin by 20–25% as well as potentiating apoptosis induced by pitavastatin, assessed by activation of caspase-3/7 (2–4 fold) and annexin-labelling (3–5 fold). These data suggest that ivermectin may be useful in the treatment of ovarian cancer when combined with pitavastatin, but methods to achieve an adequate ivermectin concentration in tumour tissue will be necessary.
Collapse
|
7
|
Kimura A, Arai T, Ueno M, Oyama K, Yu H, Yamashita S, Otome Y, Taguchi M. Synthesis of Small Peptide Nanogels Using Radiation Crosslinking as a Platform for Nano-Imaging Agents for Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2400. [PMID: 36365217 PMCID: PMC9696042 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems (DDS) have been developed as effective diagnostic and low-dose imaging agents. Nano-imaging agents with particles greater than 100 nm are difficult to accumulate in pancreatic cancer cells, making high-intensity imaging of pancreatic cancer challenging. Peptides composed of histidine and glycine were designed and synthesized. Additionally, aqueous peptide solutions were irradiated with γ-rays to produce peptide nanogels with an average size of 25-53 nm. The mechanisms underlying radiation-mediated peptide crosslinking were investigated by simulating peptide particle formation based on rate constants. The rate constants for reactions between peptides and reactive species produced by water radiolysis were measured using pulse radiolysis. HGGGHGGGH (H9, H-histidine; G-glycine) particles exhibited a smaller size, as well as high formation yield, stability, and biodegradability. These particles were labeled with fluorescent dye to change their negative surface potential and enhance their accumulation in pancreatic cancer cells. Fluorescent-labeled H9 particles accumulated in PANC1 human pancreatic cancer cells, demonstrating that these particles are effective nano-imaging agents for intractable cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kimura
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute (TARRI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 1233 Watanuki-Machi, Takasaki 370-1207, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tadashi Arai
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute (TARRI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 1233 Watanuki-Machi, Takasaki 370-1207, Gunma, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjintyo, Kiryu 376-8515, Gunma, Japan
| | - Miho Ueno
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute (TARRI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 1233 Watanuki-Machi, Takasaki 370-1207, Gunma, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjintyo, Kiryu 376-8515, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kotaro Oyama
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute (TARRI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 1233 Watanuki-Machi, Takasaki 370-1207, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hao Yu
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute (TARRI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 1233 Watanuki-Machi, Takasaki 370-1207, Gunma, Japan
- Nuclear Professional School, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-22 Shirakata-Shirane, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun 319-1188, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yamashita
- Nuclear Professional School, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-22 Shirakata-Shirane, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun 319-1188, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yudai Otome
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute (TARRI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 1233 Watanuki-Machi, Takasaki 370-1207, Gunma, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjintyo, Kiryu 376-8515, Gunma, Japan
| | - Mitsumasa Taguchi
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute (TARRI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 1233 Watanuki-Machi, Takasaki 370-1207, Gunma, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjintyo, Kiryu 376-8515, Gunma, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sharma N, Arora V. Strategies for drug targeting in pancreatic cancer. Pancreatology 2022; 22:937-950. [PMID: 36055937 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is expected to replace lung cancer as the second greatest cause of cancer mortality by 2025. It has been a particularly the most lethal kind of cancer. OBJECTIVE Despite the new innovations, research, and improvements in drug design; there are many hurdles limiting their therapeutic applications such as intrinsic resistance to chemotherapeutics, inability to deliver a sufficient concentration of drug to the target site, lack of effectiveness of drug delivery systems. These are the major contributing factors to limit the treatment. So, the main objective is to overcome these types of problems by nanotechnology and ligand conjugation approach to achieve targeted drug delivery. METHOD Nanotechnology has emerged as a major approach to develop cancer treatment. Regardless of the severity, there are several issues that restrict the therapeutic impact, including inadequate transport across biological barriers, limited cellular absorption, degradation, and faster clearance. RESULT Targeted drug delivery may overcome these obstacles by binding a natural ligand to the surface of nanocarriers, which enhances the drug's capacity to release at the desired site and minimizes adverse effects. CONCLUSION This study will investigate the possible outcomes of targeted therapeutic agent delivery in the treatment of pancreatic cancer, as well as the limitations and future prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navni Sharma
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences (UIPS), Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140113, India.
| | - Vimal Arora
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences (UIPS), Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140113, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Alshememry AK, Alsaleh NB, Alkhudair N, Alzhrani R, Alshamsan A. Recent nanotechnology advancements to treat multidrug-resistance pancreatic cancer: Pre-clinical and clinical overview. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:933457. [PMID: 36091785 PMCID: PMC9449524 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.933457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains one of the most lethal and incurable forms of cancer and has a poor prognosis. One of the significant therapeutic challenges in PC is multidrug resistance (MDR), a phenomenon in which cancer cells develop resistance toward administered therapy. Development of novel therapeutic platforms that could overcome MDR in PC is crucial for improving therapeutic outcomes. Nanotechnology is emerging as a promising tool to enhance drug efficacy and minimize off-target responses via passive and/or active targeting mechanisms. Over the past decade, tremendous efforts have been made to utilize nanocarriers capable of targeting PC cells while minimizing off-target effects. In this review article, we first give an overview of PC and the major molecular mechanisms of MDR, and then we discuss recent advancements in the development of nanocarriers used to overcome PC drug resistance. In doing so, we explore the developmental stages of this research in both pre-clinical and clinical settings. Lastly, we discuss current challenges and gaps in the literature as well as potential future directions in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah K. Alshememry
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Nanobiotechnology Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser B. Alsaleh
- Nanobiotechnology Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora Alkhudair
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rami Alzhrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aws Alshamsan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Nanobiotechnology Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Aws Alshamsan,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Herbals and Plants in the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review of Experimental and Clinical Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030619. [PMID: 35276978 PMCID: PMC8839014 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer represents the most lethal malignancy among all digestive cancers. Despite the therapeutic advances achieved during recent years, the prognosis of this neoplasm remains disappointing. An enormous amount of experimental (mainly) and clinical research has recently emerged referring to the effectiveness of various plants administered either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents. Apart from Asian countries, the use of these plants and herbals in the treatment of digestive cancer is also increasing in a number of Western countries as well. The aim of this study is to review the available literature regarding the efficacy of plants and herbals in pancreatic cancer. Methods: The authors have reviewed all the experimental and clinical studies published in Medline and Embase, up to June 2021. Results: More than 100 plants and herbals were thoroughly investigated. Favorable effects concerning the inhibition of cancer cell lines in the experimental studies and a favorable clinical outcome after combining various plants with established chemotherapeutic agents were observed. These herbals and plants exerted their activity against pancreatic cancer via a number of mechanisms. The number and severity of side-effects are generally of a mild degree. Conclusion: A quite high number of clinical and experimental studies confirmed the beneficial effect of many plants and herbals in pancreatic cancer. More large, double-blind clinical studies assessing these natural products, either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents should be conducted.
Collapse
|
11
|
Demirtürk N, Bilensoy E. Nanocarriers targeting the diseases of the pancreas. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 170:10-23. [PMID: 34852262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diseases of the pancreas include acute and chronic pancreatitis, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, diabetes and pancreatic cancer. These pathologies can be difficult to treat due to the innate properties of the pancreas, its structure and localization. The need for effective targeting of the pancreatic tissue by means of nanoparticles delivering therapeutics is a major focus area covered and discussed in this review. Most common diseases of the pancreas do not have specific and direct medical treatment option, and existing treatment options are generally aimed at relieving symptoms. Diabetes has different treatment options for different subtypes based on insulin having stability problems and requiring injections reducing patient compliance. Pancreatic cancer progresses silently and can only be diagnosed in advanced stages. Therefore, survival rate of patients is very low. Gemcitabine and FOLFIRINOX treatment regimens, the most commonly used clinical standard treatments, are generally insufficient due to the chemoresistance that develops in cancer cells and also various side effects. Therefore new treatment options for pancreatic cancer are also under focus. Overcoming drug resistance and pancreatic targeting can be achieved with active and passive targeting methods, and a more effective and safer treatment regimen can be provided at lower drug doses. This review covers the current literature and clinical trials concerning pancreatic drug delivery systems in the nanoscale focusing on the challenges and opportunities provided by these smart delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nurbanu Demirtürk
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erem Bilensoy
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shen W, Ge S, Liu X, Yu Q, Jiang X, Wu Q, Tian Y, Gao Y, Liu Y, Wu C. Folate-functionalized SMMC-7721 liver cancer cell membrane-cloaked paclitaxel nanocrystals for targeted chemotherapy of hepatoma. Drug Deliv 2021; 29:31-42. [PMID: 34962215 PMCID: PMC8725828 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.2015481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we prepared a folic acid-functionalized SMMC-7721 liver cancer cell membrane (CM)-encapsulated paclitaxel nanocrystals system (FCPN) for hepatoma treatment. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization showed that FCPN was irregular spherical shapes with a particle size larger than 200 nm and a coated thickness of approximately 20 nm. In an in vitro release experiment, FCPN indicated a slowly release effect of paclitaxel (PTX). Cell experiments demonstrated that FCPN was taken up by SMMC-7721 cells and significantly inhibited the proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells, which illustrated that FCPN had good targeting ability compared with PN and CPN. According to the results of in vivo animal experiments, FCPN significantly inhibited tumor growth. Tissue distribution experiments proved that FCPN could accumulate significantly in tumor tissues, which further explained why FCPN had good targeting ability. These results clearly suggested that folate-functionalized homotypic CM bionic nanosystems might represent a very valuable method for liver cancer treatment in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Shen
- Pharmacy School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Shuke Ge
- Department of Emergency Management, Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyao Liu
- Pharmacy School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Pharmacy School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Pharmacy School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Pharmacy School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - YuChen Tian
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Pharmacy School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Pharmacy School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nanomedicine in Pancreatic Cancer: Current Status and Future Opportunities for Overcoming Therapy Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246175. [PMID: 34944794 PMCID: PMC8699181 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite access to a vast arsenal of anticancer agents, many fail to realise their full therapeutic potential in clinical practice. One key determinant of this is the evolution of multifaceted resistance mechanisms within the tumour that may either pre-exist or develop during the course of therapy. This is particularly evident in pancreatic cancer, where limited responses to treatment underlie dismal survival rates, highlighting the urgent need for new therapeutic approaches. Here, we discuss the major features of pancreatic tumours that contribute to therapy resistance, and how they may be alleviated through exploitation of the mounting and exciting promise of nanomedicines; a unique collection of nanoscale platforms with tunable and multifunctional capabilities that have already elicited a widespread impact on cancer management. Abstract The development of drug resistance remains one of the greatest clinical oncology challenges that can radically dampen the prospect of achieving complete and durable tumour control. Efforts to mitigate drug resistance are therefore of utmost importance, and nanotechnology is rapidly emerging for its potential to overcome such issues. Studies have showcased the ability of nanomedicines to bypass drug efflux pumps, counteract immune suppression, serve as radioenhancers, correct metabolic disturbances and elicit numerous other effects that collectively alleviate various mechanisms of tumour resistance. Much of this progress can be attributed to the remarkable benefits that nanoparticles offer as drug delivery vehicles, such as improvements in pharmacokinetics, protection against degradation and spatiotemporally controlled release kinetics. These attributes provide scope for precision targeting of drugs to tumours that can enhance sensitivity to treatment and have formed the basis for the successful clinical translation of multiple nanoformulations to date. In this review, we focus on the longstanding reputation of pancreatic cancer as one of the most difficult-to-treat malignancies where resistance plays a dominant role in therapy failure. We outline the mechanisms that contribute to the treatment-refractory nature of these tumours, and how they may be effectively addressed by harnessing the unique capabilities of nanomedicines. Moreover, we include a brief perspective on the likely future direction of nanotechnology in pancreatic cancer, discussing how efforts to develop multidrug formulations will guide the field further towards a therapeutic solution for these highly intractable tumours.
Collapse
|
14
|
Chan MH, Chen BG, Ngo LT, Huang WT, Li CH, Liu RS, Hsiao M. Natural Carbon Nanodots: Toxicity Assessment and Theranostic Biological Application. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1874. [PMID: 34834289 PMCID: PMC8618595 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review outlines the methods for preparing carbon dots (CDs) from various natural resources to select the process to produce CDs with the best biological application efficacy. The oxidative activity of CDs mainly involves photo-induced cell damage and the destruction of biofilm matrices through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby causing cell auto-apoptosis. Recent research has found that CDs derived from organic carbon sources can treat cancer cells as effectively as conventional drugs without causing damage to normal cells. CDs obtained by heating a natural carbon source inherit properties similar to the carbon source from which they are derived. Importantly, these characteristics can be exploited to perform non-invasive targeted therapy on human cancers, avoiding the harm caused to the human body by conventional treatments. CDs are attractive for large-scale clinical applications. Water, herbs, plants, and probiotics are ideal carbon-containing sources that can be used to synthesize therapeutic and diagnostic CDs that have become the focus of attention due to their excellent light stability, fluorescence, good biocompatibility, and low toxicity. They can be applied as biosensors, bioimaging, diagnosis, and treatment applications. These advantages make CDs attractive for large-scale clinical application, providing new technologies and methods for disease occurrence, diagnosis, and treatment research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsien Chan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (M.-H.C.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Bo-Gu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (B.-G.C.); (L.T.N.); (W.-T.H.)
| | - Loan Thi Ngo
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (B.-G.C.); (L.T.N.); (W.-T.H.)
- Nano Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tse Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (B.-G.C.); (L.T.N.); (W.-T.H.)
| | - Chien-Hsiu Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (M.-H.C.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Ru-Shi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (B.-G.C.); (L.T.N.); (W.-T.H.)
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (M.-H.C.); (C.-H.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ghanbari-Movahed M, Kaceli T, Mondal A, Farzaei MH, Bishayee A. Recent Advances in Improved Anticancer Efficacies of Camptothecin Nano-Formulations: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines 2021; 9:480. [PMID: 33925750 PMCID: PMC8146681 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Camptothecin (CPT), a natural plant alkaloid, has indicated potent antitumor activities via targeting intracellular topoisomerase I. The promise that CPT holds in therapies is restricted through factors that include lactone ring instability and water insolubility, which limits the drug oral solubility and bioavailability in blood plasma. Novel strategies involving CPT pharmacological and low doses combined with nanoparticles have indicated potent anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive and critical evaluation of the anticancer ability of nano-CPT in various cancers as a novel and more efficient natural compound for drug development. Studies were identified through systematic searches of PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. Eligibility checks were performed based on predefined selection criteria. Eighty-two papers were included in this systematic review. There was strong evidence for the association between antitumor activity and CPT treatment. Furthermore, studies indicated that CPT nano-formulations have higher antitumor activity in comparison to free CPT, which results in enhanced efficacy for cancer treatment. The results of our study indicate that CPT nano-formulations are a potent candidate for cancer treatment and may provide further support for the clinical application of natural antitumor agents with passive targeting of tumors in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghanbari-Movahed
- Medical Technology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran;
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht 4193833697, Iran
| | - Tea Kaceli
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA;
| | - Arijit Mondal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Technology, Dubrajpur 731123, India;
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Medical Technology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran;
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fan F, Jin L, Yang L. pH-Sensitive Nanoparticles Composed Solely of Membrane-Disruptive Macromolecules for Treating Pancreatic Cancer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:12824-12835. [PMID: 33689289 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic tumor is extremely lethal because its cancerous structures are sheltered by dense stromal barriers that hinder the infiltration of therapeutics. To facilitate the infiltration of therapeutics through the stromal barrier, remodeling the stroma with an adjuvant prior to or together with gemcitabine-the current chemotherapeutic standard for pancreatic cancer-is a widely studied strategy; nevertheless, the intrinsic nonuniformity in distribution (spatial and/or temporal) of the adjuvant and gemcitabine has raised the increased risk of tumor metastasis as a major concern. In this work, we propose long-circulating, pH-sensitive nanoparticles composed solely of cellular membrane-disruptive molecules as a new approach for treating pancreatic cancer. Using a micelle of a polymeric mimetic of host defense peptides as the model for such nanoparticles, we showed that this nanoparticle exhibited acid-activated cytotoxicity indiscriminately to both cancerous and fibroblast cells, and the underlying activity mode was acid-activatable disruption of cellular membrane integrity. As a result, our acid-activatable nanoparticle effectively permeabilized the stromal barrier and eradicated the otherwise sheltered pancreatic cancer cells, as demonstrated with a three-dimensional spheroid in which a shell of fibroblast NIH-3T3 cells was cultured over a core of pancreatic BxPC-3 cells. When administered intravenously into mouse models bearing xenograft pancreatic BxPC-3 tumors, our acid-activatable nanoparticle efficiently inhibited tumor growth without causing noticeable off-target adverse effects or promoting tumor metastasis. Notably, this nanoparticle permeabilized the otherwise dense pancreatic tumor tissue while significantly suppressing the expression of extracellular matrix components and activated cancer-associated fibroblasts. Although the feasibility of our approach was demonstrated with a micelle of a polymeric molecule, we trust that future research efforts in this pathway may eventually offer translational formulations for improving the therapeutic efficacy of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Fan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lijun Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang X, Detering L, Sultan D, Luehmann H, Li L, Heo GS, Zhang X, Lou L, Grierson PM, Greco S, Ruzinova M, Laforest R, Dehdashti F, Lim KH, Liu Y. CC Chemokine Receptor 2-Targeting Copper Nanoparticles for Positron Emission Tomography-Guided Delivery of Gemcitabine for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. ACS NANO 2021; 15:1186-1198. [PMID: 33406361 PMCID: PMC7846978 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly malignancy with dire prognosis due to aggressive biology, lack of effective tools for diagnosis at an early stage, and limited treatment options. Detection of PDAC using conventional radiographic imaging is limited by the dense, hypovascular stromal component and relatively scarce neoplastic cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The CC motif chemokine 2 (CCL2) and its cognate receptor CCR2 (CCL2/CCR2) axis are critical in fostering and maintaining this kind of TME by recruiting immunosuppressive myeloid cells such as the tumor-associated macrophages, thereby presenting an opportunity to exploit this axis for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. We engineered CCR2-targeting ultrasmall copper nanoparticles (Cu@CuOx) as nanovehicles not only for targeted positron emission tomography imaging by intrinsic radiolabeling with 64Cu but also for loading and delivery of the chemotherapy drug gemcitabine to PDAC. This 64Cu-radiolabeled nanovehicle allowed sensitive and accurate detection of PDAC malignancy in autochthonous genetically engineered mouse models. The ultrasmall Cu@CuOx showed efficient renal clearance, favorable pharmacokinetics, and minimal in vivo toxicity. Systemic administration of gemcitabine-loaded Cu@CuOx effectively suppressed the progression of PDAC tumors in a syngeneic xenograft mouse model and prolonged survival. These CCR2-targeted ultrasmall nanoparticles offer a promising image-guided therapeutic agent and show great potential for translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Lisa Detering
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Deborah Sultan
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Hannah Luehmann
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Gyu Seong Heo
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Lanlan Lou
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Patrick M. Grierson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Suellen Greco
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Marianna Ruzinova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Richard Laforest
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Farrokh Dehdashti
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Kian-Huat Lim
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Belbekhouche S, Cossutta M, Habert D, Hamadi S, Modjinou T, Cascone I, Courty J. N6L-functionalized nanoparticles for targeted and inhibited pancreatic cancer cells. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
19
|
Aibani N, Khan TN, Callan B. Liposome mimicking polymersomes; A comparative study of the merits of polymersomes in terms of formulation and stability. Int J Pharm X 2020; 2:100040. [PMID: 31956860 PMCID: PMC6956745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2019.100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The past few decades have seen a significant rise in research into alternative polymer based nanosized unilamellar drug delivery systems, termed polymersomes. The reported benefits of polymersomes over the more traditional liposomes include increased stability, higher encapsulation efficacies, better adaptability and reduced water permeation due to an increased bilayer thickness. Together, these advantages render them suitable for a plethora of therapies. The work presented in this manuscript creates and compares four such drug delivery systems, two based on the traditional liposome and two prepared from amphiphilic polymers. From there we assess these systems in terms of size, stability, encapsulation efficiency, drug release, cellular toxicity and cellular uptake. We can confirm from this comprehensive investigation that the multi-functional synthetic polymersomes are undoubtedly a future contender in this expanding field of nanomedicines. Their ability to encapsulate a cocktail of different compounds, high stability as well as their ease of adaptability will ensure that they feature prominently in the future of advanced drug delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bridgeen Callan
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT521SA, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yu S, Zhang C, Xie KP. Therapeutic resistance of pancreatic cancer: Roadmap to its reversal. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188461. [PMID: 33157162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease with limited opportunity for resectable surgery as the first choice for cure due to its late diagnosis and early metastasis. The desmoplastic stroma and cellular genetic or epigenetic alterations of pancreatic cancer impose physical and biological barriers to effective therapies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Here, we review the current therapeutic options for pancreatic cancer, and underlying mechanisms and potential reversal of therapeutic resistance, a hallmark of this deadly disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital Affiliated to the South China University of Technology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital Affiliated to the South China University of Technology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Ping Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital Affiliated to the South China University of Technology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wei QY, Xu YM, Lau ATY. Recent Progress of Nanocarrier-Based Therapy for Solid Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2783. [PMID: 32998391 PMCID: PMC7600685 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapy is still an important option of cancer treatment, but it has poor cell selectivity, severe side effects, and drug resistance. Utilizing nanoparticles (NPs) to improve the therapeutic effect of chemotherapeutic drugs has been highlighted in recent years. Nanotechnology dramatically changed the face of oncology by high loading capacity, less toxicity, targeted delivery of drugs, increased uptake to target sites, and optimized pharmacokinetic patterns of traditional drugs. At present, research is being envisaged in the field of novel nano-pharmaceutical design, such as liposome, polymer NPs, bio-NPs, and inorganic NPs, so as to make chemotherapy effective and long-lasting. Till now, a number of studies have been conducted using a wide range of nanocarriers for the treatment of solid tumors including lung, breast, pancreas, brain, and liver. To provide a reference for the further application of chemodrug-loaded nanoformulations, this review gives an overview of the recent development of nanocarriers, and the updated status of their use in the treatment of several solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andy T. Y. Lau
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; (Q.-Y.W.); (Y.-M.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
When polymers meet carbon nanostructures: expanding horizons in cancer therapy. Future Med Chem 2020; 11:2205-2231. [PMID: 31538523 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of hybrid materials, which combine inorganic with organic materials, is receiving increasing attention by researchers. As a consequence of carbon nanostructures high chemical versatility, they exhibit enormous potential for new highly engineered multifunctional nanotherapeutic agents for cancer therapy. Whereas many groups are working on drug delivery systems for chemotherapy, the use of carbon nanohybrids for radiotherapy is rarely applied. Thus, nanotechnology offers a wide range of solutions to overcome the current obstacles of conventional chemo- and/or radiotherapies. Within this review, the structure and properties of carbon nanostructures (carbon nanotubes, nanographene oxide) functionalized preferentially with different types of polymers (synthetic, natural) are discussed. In short, synthesis approaches, toxicity investigations and anticancer efficacy of different carbon nanohybrids are described.
Collapse
|
23
|
Jefremow A, Neurath MF. Nanoparticles in Gastrooncology. Visc Med 2020; 36:88-94. [PMID: 32355665 PMCID: PMC7184848 DOI: 10.1159/000506908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal malignancies have the greatest incidence and cancer-associated death rates worldwide. Routine therapeutic modalities include surgery, chemotherapy and radiation but they often fail to reach the goal of cancer-free survival. SUMMARY In the light of this urgent medical need for the treatment of GI tumors, nanotech-nology-based approaches, i.e. nanomedicine, promise new therapeutic options. Using nanoparticles instead of classically designed drugs, targeting anticancer agents directly to the tumor site may revolutionize both diagnostic and therapeutic tools thereby facilitating the identification and elimination of malignant cells. Importantly, diagnostic insight and therapeutic effects can be achieved simultaneously through the same nanoparticle. Additionally, a nanoparticle may be loaded with more than one agent, thereby further increasing the value and power of the nanotechnology approach in oncologic therapeutic concepts. Although most insight into mechanisms of nanomedicine has been gained from in vitro and preclinical in vivo models, few clinical trials have been conducted, and nanomedicine-based concepts are already part of standard treatment algorithms. However, despite substantial progress it remains a challenge to design nanoparticles that feature all desirable characteristics at the same time. KEY MESSAGES This review seeks to provide substantial insight into the current status of nanomedicine-based approaches employed for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes in the field of gastrointestinal cancers by highlighting achievements and pointing out unresolved issues that need to be further addressed by future research attempts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hathout RM, Metwally AA, Woodman TJ, Hardy JG. Prediction of Drug Loading in the Gelatin Matrix Using Computational Methods. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:1549-1556. [PMID: 32010828 PMCID: PMC6990624 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The delivery of drugs is a topic of intense research activity in both academia and industry with potential for positive economic, health, and societal impacts. The selection of the appropriate formulation (carrier and drug) with optimal delivery is a challenge investigated by researchers in academia and industry, in which millions of dollars are invested annually. Experiments involving different carriers and determination of their capacity for drug loading are very time-consuming and therefore expensive; consequently, approaches that employ computational/theoretical chemistry to speed have the potential to make hugely beneficial economic, environmental, and health impacts through savings in costs associated with chemicals (and their safe disposal) and time. Here, we report the use of computational tools (data mining of the available literature, principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis, partial least squares regression, autocovariance calculations, molecular dynamics simulations, and molecular docking) to successfully predict drug loading into model drug delivery systems (gelatin nanospheres). We believe that this methodology has the potential to lead to significant change in drug formulation studies across the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rania M. Hathout
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- E-mail: (R.M.H.)
| | - AbdelKader A. Metwally
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Kuwait 90805, Kuwait
| | - Timothy J. Woodman
- Department
of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University
of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - John G. Hardy
- Department
of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire LA1 4YB, U.K
- Materials
Science Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire LA1 4YB, U.K
- E-mail; (J.G.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Grapa CM, Mocan T, Gonciar D, Zdrehus C, Mosteanu O, Pop T, Mocan L. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Its Role in Pancreatic Cancer Treatment Mediated by Nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:9693-9706. [PMID: 31849462 PMCID: PMC6910098 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s226628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a disease with a high incidence and a dreary prognosis. Its lack of symptomatology and late diagnosis contribute to the dearth and inefficiency of therapeutic schemes. Studies show that overexpressed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a common occurrence, linking this to the progression of pancreatic cancer, although the association between its expression and the survival rate is rather controversial. EGFR-targeted therapy has not shown the results expected, leaving at hand more questions than answers; clearly, there is a need for a better understanding of the molecular pathways involved. Nanoparticles have been used in trying to improve the efficacy of antitumor treatment; thus, using EGFR's ligand, EGF, for nanoconjugation, showed promising results in increasing the cellular uptake mechanisms and apoptosis of the targeted cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Maria Grapa
- Nanomedicine Department, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology “Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor”, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Teodora Mocan
- Nanomedicine Department, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology “Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor”, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Physiology Department, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Gonciar
- Nanomedicine Department, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology “Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor”, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 3rd Surgery Clinic, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Claudiu Zdrehus
- Nanomedicine Department, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology “Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor”, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 3rd Surgery Clinic, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ofelia Mosteanu
- Nanomedicine Department, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology “Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor”, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 3rd Surgery Clinic, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Teodora Pop
- Nanomedicine Department, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology “Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor”, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lucian Mocan
- Nanomedicine Department, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology “Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor”, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 3rd Surgery Clinic, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Doxorubicin and Varlitinib Delivery by Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles Against Human Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11110551. [PMID: 31652942 PMCID: PMC6920992 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11110551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop drug delivery nanosystems based on pegylated gold nanoparticles (PEGAuNPs) for a combination against pancreatic cancer cells. Doxorubicin and varlitinib, an anthracycline and a tyrosine kinase inhibitor respectively, were conjugated with gold nanoparticles. The systems were characterized, after synthesis, regarding their size, stability and morphology. An efficient conjugation of doxorubicin and varlitinib with PEGAuNPs was revealed. The cytotoxicity effect induced by the combination of the nanoconjugates was investigated in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Doxorubicin and varlitinib conjugated with PEGAuNPs revealed a combined effect to decrease the cell survival of the cancer line S2-013s, while reducing the drugs' toxicity for the healthy pancreatic cells hTERT-HPNE. This study highlights the promising potential of PEGAuNPs for targeted delivery of therapeutic drugs into human cells, enhancing the antitumor growth-inhibition effect on cancer cells, and decreasing the toxicity against normal cells. In cancer therapy, the present approach based on PEGAuNP functionalization can be further explored to increase drug targeting efficiency and to reduce side effects.
Collapse
|
27
|
Emerging therapeutic nanotechnologies in pancreatic cancer: advances, risks and challenges. Ther Deliv 2019; 9:691-694. [PMID: 30277137 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2018-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
28
|
Luo M, Cheng W, Zeng X, Mei L, Liu G, Deng W. Folic Acid-Functionalized Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots for Targeted Chemo-Photothermal Combination Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E242. [PMID: 31117238 PMCID: PMC6571808 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11050242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the inherent limitations, single chemo or photothermal therapies (PTT) are always inefficient. The combination of chemotherapy and PTT for the treatment of cancers has attracted a great interest during the past few years. As a photothermal agent, black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) possess an excellent extinction coefficient, high photothermal conversion efficacy, and good biocompatibility. Herein, we developed a photo- and pH-sensitive nanoparticle based on BPQDs for targeted chemo-photothermal therapy. Doxorubicin (DOX) was employed as a model drug. This nanosystem displayed outstanding photothermal performance both in vitro and in vivo. Folic acid conjugation onto the surface endowed this system an excellent tumor-targeting effect, which was demonstrated by the cellular targeting assay. The BPQDs-based drug delivery system exhibited pH- and photo-responsive release properties, which could reduce the potential damage to normal cells. The in vitro cell viability study showed a synergistic effect in suppressing cancer cell proliferation. Therefore, this BPQDs-based drug delivery system has substantial potential for future clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Wei Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Xiaowei Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Lin Mei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Gan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Wenbin Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang S, Ren W, Wang J, Jiang Z, Saeed M, Zhang L, Li A, Wu A. Black TiO 2-based nanoprobes for T 1-weighted MRI-guided photothermal therapy in CD133 high expressed pancreatic cancer stem-like cells. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:2209-2218. [PMID: 29947365 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00454d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
At present, transmembrane glycoprotein CD133 highly expressed pancreatic cancer stem cells (PCSCs), with the features of chemotherapeutic/radiotherapeutic resistance and exclusive tumorigenic potential, are considered as the primary cause of metastasis and recurrence in pancreatic cancer, and therefore are an effective target in the disease treatment. Furthermore, with the launch of precision medicine, multifunctional nanoprobes have been applied as an efficient strategy for the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided photothermal therapy (PTT) of pancreatic cancer. In this research, with the aim of achieving precise MRI-guided PTT in CD133 highly expressed PCSCs, novel bTiO2-Gd-CD133mAb nanoprobes were designed and successfully prepared by loading Gd-DOTA and CD133 monoclonal antibodies on black TiO2 nanoparticles. It was very interesting to find that the r1 relaxivity value of the nanoprobes was 34.394 mM-1 s-1, about 7.5 times that of commercial Magnevist (4.5624 mM-1 s-1), which indicates that the nanoprobes have good potential as MRI T1 contrast agents with excellent performance. Herein, CD133 highly expressed PANC-1 cells were selected and verified as PCSCs model. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the nanoprobes exhibited active-targeting ability in PANC-1 cells, and consequently could specially enhance T1-weighted MR imaging and 808 nm near-infrared (NIR)-triggered PTT efficiency in the PCSCs model. Our study not only provides a new strategy for the effective treatment of pancreatic cancer and its' stem cells, but also further broadens the application of black TiO2 in the field of cancer theranostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315020, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Alsuraifi A, Curtis A, Lamprou DA, Hoskins C. Stimuli Responsive Polymeric Systems for Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E136. [PMID: 30131473 PMCID: PMC6161138 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale polymers systems have dominated the revolution of drug delivery advancement. Their potential in the fight against cancer is unrivalled with other technologies. Their functionality increase, targeting ability and stimuli responsive nature have led to a major boom in research focus. This review article concentrates on the use of these smart polymers in cancer therapy. Nanotechnologies have shown potential as drug carriers leading to increased drug efficacy and penetration. Multifunctional smart carriers which can release their payload upon an external or internal trigger such as pH or temperature are proving to be major frontrunners in the development of effective strategies to overcome this disease with minimal patient side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alsuraifi
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK.
- College of Dentistry, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq.
| | - Anthony Curtis
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK.
| | | | - Clare Hoskins
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wu W, He X, Yang L, Wang Q, Bian X, Ye J, Li Y, Li L. Rising trends in pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality in 2000-2014. Clin Epidemiol 2018; 10:789-797. [PMID: 30022856 PMCID: PMC6042490 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s160018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The morbidity and mortality of pancreatic cancer vary considerably around the world. The aim of this study was to characterize and evaluate recent changes in incidence and incidence-based mortality in the USA. Methods Incidence and incidence-based mortality data were based on the 18 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries through SEER*Stat software. We adopted joinpoint regression to analyze the temporal trends stratified by age, gender, ethnicity, stage, tumor site, and size. Results Based on 18 SEER data sets, the age-adjusted incidence of pancreatic cancer increased from 11.85/100,000 in 2000 to 14.70/100,000 in 2014, increasing by an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of 1.6 (95% CI 1.5-1.8, p<0.05). The incidence-based mortality also increased, from 9.96/100,000 in 2001 to 12.96/100,000 in 2014, increasing by an AAPC of 1.9 (95% CI 1.3-2.5, p<0.05). However, we observed a deceleration in mortality since 2005, with the annual percentage change decreasing from 4.1 (2001-2005) to 1.0 (2005-2014). These increasing trends in pancreatic cancer were observed in most subgroups (stratified by age, gender, ethnicity, stage, tumor site, and size). Conclusion The incidence and mortality rates of pancreatic cancer in the USA have increased significantly since 2000, highlighting the need for increased preventive, screening, and surveillance efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China,
| | - Xingkang He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Liya Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China,
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China,
| | - Xiaoyuan Bian
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China,
| | - Jianzhong Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China,
| | - Yating Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China,
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China,
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Joubert F, Pasparakis G. Hierarchically designed hybrid nanoparticles for combinational photochemotherapy against a pancreatic cancer cell line. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:1095-1104. [PMID: 32254297 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb03261g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the formulation of hybrid nanoparticles consisting of aggregated gold nanoparticles (GNPs) impregnated into a gemcitabine-polymer conjugate matrix that exhibit synergistic photo-chemo-therapeutic activity against pancreatic cancer. Well-defined, sub-100 nm hybrid NPs were successfully formulated and their photothermal conversion efficiency was evaluated, which was found to be as high as 63% in the red-visible spectrum. By varying the GNP and GEM-polymer feed, it was possible to control the red-shifting of the surface plasmon resonance at therapeutically relevant wavelengths. The hybrid NPs exhibited significant cytotoxicity against MiaPaCa-2 cells with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.0012 mg mL-1; however the IC50 decreased by a factor of 2 after the cells were irradiated with a continuous wave red laser for 1 min (1.4 W cm-2). Although the irradiation of the aggregated GNPs loaded in the hybrid NPs produced a higher thermal effect for the same amount of non-loaded GNPs, the IC50 of the hybrid NPs was significantly lower than that of the free GNPs, hence indicating a synergistic effect of the polymer bound GEM and the GNPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Joubert
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick square, WC1N 1AX London, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|