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Ezzat MA, Alotaibi NM, Soliman SS, Sultan M, Kamara MM, Abd El-Moneim D, Felemban WF, Al Aboud NM, Aljabri M, Abdelmalek IB, Mansour E, Hassanin AA. Molecular and agro-morphological diversity assessment of some bread wheat genotypes and their crosses for drought tolerance. PeerJ 2024; 12:e18104. [PMID: 39346037 PMCID: PMC11439381 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Wheat, a staple cereal crop, faces challenges due to climate change and increasing global population. Maintaining genetic diversity is vital for developing drought-tolerant cultivars. This study evaluated the genetic diversity and drought response of five wheat cultivars and their corresponding F1 hybrids under well-watered and drought stress conditions. Molecular profiling using ISSR and SCoT-PCR markers revealed 28 polymorphic loci out of 76 amplified. A statistically significant impact of parental genotypes and their crosses was observed on all investigated agro-morphological traits, including root length, root weight, shoot length, shoot weight, proline content, spikelet number/spike, spike length, grain number/spike, and grain weight/spike. The parental genotypes P1 and P3 had desirable positive and significant general combining ability (GCA) effects for shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot length, and root length under well-watered conditions, while P3 and P5 recorded the highest GCA estimates under drought stress. P3 and P4 showed the highest GCA effects for number of spikelets per spike, the number of grains per spike, and grain weight per spike under normal conditions. P5 presented the maximum GCA effects and proved to be the best combiner under drought stress conditions. The cross P1× P3 showed the highest positive specific combining ability (SCA) effects for shoot fresh weight under normal conditions, while P2×P3 excelled under water deficit conditions. P1× P2, P1 × P3, and P4× P5 were most effective for shoot dry weight under normal conditions, whereas P1×P3 and P3×P5 showed significant SCA effects under drought stress. Positive SCA effects for root fresh weight and shoot length were observed for P3×P5 under stressed conditions. Additionally, P4×P5 consistently recorded the highest SCA for root length in both environments, and P3×P5 excelled in the number of spikelets, grains per spike, and grain weight per spike under drought conditions. The evaluated genotypes were categorized based on their agronomic performance under drought stress into distinct groups ranging from drought-tolerant genotypes (group A) to drought-sensitive ones (group C). The genotypes P5, P2×P5, and P3×P5 were identified as promising genotypes to improve agronomic performance under water deficit conditions. The results demonstrated genetic variations for drought tolerance and highlighted the potential of ISSR and SCoT markers in wheat breeding programs for developing drought-tolerant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Ezzat
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nahaa M. Alotaibi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Said S. Soliman
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mahasin Sultan
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Kamara
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Diaa Abd El-Moneim
- Department of Plant Production, (Genetic Branch), Faculty of Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish, Egypt
| | - Wessam F. Felemban
- Biological Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Immunology Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora M. Al Aboud
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Aljabri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Elsayed Mansour
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Wang X, Ma J, He F, Wang L, Zhang T, Liu D, Xu Y, Li F, Feng X. A Study on the Functional Identification of Overexpressing Winter Wheat Expansin Gene TaEXPA7-B in Rice under Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7707. [PMID: 39062950 PMCID: PMC11277075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Expansin is a cell wall relaxant protein that is common in plants and directly or indirectly participates in the whole process of plant root growth, development and morphogenesis. A well-developed root system helps plants to better absorb water and nutrients from the soil while effectively assisting them in resisting osmotic stress, such as salt stress. In this study, we observed and quantified the morphology of the roots of Arabidopsis overexpressing the TaEXPAs gene obtained by the research group in the early stage of development. We combined the bioinformatics analysis results relating to EXPA genes in five plants and identified TaEXPA7-B, a member of the EXPA family closely related to root development in winter wheat. Subcellular localization analysis of the TaEXPA7-B protein showed that it is located in the plant cell wall. In this study, the TaEXPA7-B gene was overexpressed in rice. The results showed that plant height, root length and the number of lateral roots of rice overexpressing the TaEXPA7-B gene were significantly higher than those of the wild type, and the expression of the TaEXPA7-B gene significantly promoted the growth of lateral root primordium and cortical cells. The plants were treated with 250 mM NaCl solution to simulate salt stress. The results showed that the accumulation of osmotic regulators, cell wall-related substances and the antioxidant enzyme activities of the overexpressed plants were higher than those of the wild type, and they had better salt tolerance. This paper discusses the effects of winter wheat expansins in plant root development and salt stress tolerance and provides a theoretical basis and relevant reference for screening high-quality expansin regulating root development and salt stress resistance in winter wheat and its application in crop molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fenglan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (J.M.); (F.H.); (L.W.); (T.Z.); (D.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Xu Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (J.M.); (F.H.); (L.W.); (T.Z.); (D.L.); (Y.X.)
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Kamara MM, Mansour E, Khalaf AEA, Eid MAM, Hassanin AA, Abdelghany AM, Kheir AMS, Galal AA, Behiry SI, Silvar C, El-Hendawy S. Molecular Diversity and Combining Ability in Newly Developed Maize Inbred Lines under Low-Nitrogen Conditions. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:641. [PMID: 38792661 PMCID: PMC11122723 DOI: 10.3390/life14050641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen is an essential element for maize growth, but excessive application can lead to various environmental and ecological issues, including water pollution, air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and biodiversity loss. Hence, developing maize hybrids resilient to low-N conditions is vital for sustainable agriculture, particularly in nitrogen-deficient soils. Combining ability and genetic relationships among parental lines is crucial for breeding superior hybrids under diverse nitrogen levels. This study aimed to assess the genetic diversity of maize inbred lines using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and evaluate their combining ability to identify superior hybrids under low-N and recommended conditions. Local and exotic inbred lines were genotyped using SSR markers, revealing substantial genetic variation with high gene diversity (He = 0.60), moderate polymorphism information content (PIC = 0.54), and an average of 3.64 alleles per locus. Twenty-one F1 hybrids were generated through a diallel mating design using these diverse lines. These hybrids and a high yielding commercial check (SC-131) were field-tested under low-N and recommended N conditions. Significant variations (p < 0.01) were observed among nitrogen levels, hybrids, and their interaction for all recorded traits. Additive genetic variances predominated over non-additive genetic variances for grain yield and most traits. Inbred IL3 emerged as an effective combiner for developing early maturing genotypes with lower ear placement. Additionally, inbreds IL1, IL2, and IL3 showed promise as superior combiners for enhancing grain yield and related traits under both low-N and recommended conditions. Notably, hybrids IL1×IL4, IL2×IL5, IL2×IL6, and IL5×IL7 exhibited specific combining abilities for increasing grain yield and associated traits under low-N stress conditions. Furthermore, strong positive associations were identified between grain yield and specific traits like plant height, ear length, number of rows per ear, and number of kernels per row. Due to their straightforward measurability, these relationships underscore the potential of using these traits as proxies for indirect selection in early breeding generations, particularly under low-N stress. This research contributes to breeding nitrogen-efficient maize hybrids and advances our understanding of the genetic foundations for tolerance to nitrogen limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Kamara
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt; (M.M.K.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Elsayed Mansour
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed E. A. Khalaf
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt; (A.E.A.K.); (M.A.M.E.)
| | - Mohamed A. M. Eid
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt; (A.E.A.K.); (M.A.M.E.)
| | - Abdallah A. Hassanin
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed M. Abdelghany
- Crop Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22516, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed M. S. Kheir
- Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed A. Galal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt; (M.M.K.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Said I. Behiry
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt;
| | - Cristina Silvar
- Grupo de Investigación en Bioloxía Evolutiva, CICA—Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Salah El-Hendawy
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Soliman AA, Ibrahim MA, Mousa MI, Mansour E, He Y, Yu H. Genetic potential and inheritance pattern of agronomic traits in faba bean under free and infested Orobanche soil conditions. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:301. [PMID: 38637775 PMCID: PMC11027393 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orobanche is an obligate parasite on faba bean in the Mediterranean region, causes considerable yield losses. Breeding tolerant faba bean genotypes to Orobanche is pivotal to sustain production and ensuring global food security, particularly considering the challenges posed by population growth. In the present study, seven faba bean lines and four testers were used in a line×tester mating design during 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 growing seasons. The eleven parents and their 28 F1 crosses were evaluated under Orobanche free and naturally infested soils. RESULTS The results demonstrated considerable variations among the evaluated genotypes, wide diversity among the parental materials, and heterotic effects for all studied agronomic traits under Orobanche-free and infested soils. Orbanche infestation displayed a significant adverse impact on all the studied agronomic traits. The genotypes Line1, Line2, Line3, and Line5 displayed superior performance under Orobanche-infested conditions and recorded the highest values of all studied agronomic traits. Additionally, Line1, Line2, Line3, Line5, and Line7 exhibited desirable significant GCA for most evaluated traits under the two infestation conditions. The obtained crosses displayed significant negative or positive heterosis for studied agronomic characters such as plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, and seed weight per plant were observed. Furthermore, specific cross combinations such as Line2×Sakha3, Line3×Nubaria5, Line7 × Nubaria5, Line6×Nubaria1, Line5×Sakha3, Line1×Sakha3, and Line1 × Nubaria5 exhibited superior performance in seed yield and contributing traits under Orobanche-infested conditions. Moreover, these specific crosses showed superior efficacy in reducing dry weight of Orobanche spikes. The results obtained from GGE biplot analysis closely aligned with those from the line×tester procedure, affirming the significance of GGE biplot as a valuable statistical tool for assessing genotype combining ability in line× tester data. Both additive and non-additive gene actions were reported to be predominantly involved in the inheritance of the studied agronomic traits in faba bean. CONCLUSIONS The detected genetic diversity within the evaluated faba bean genotypes and their developed crosses exhibits substantial potential for improving faba bean productivity under Orobanche-infested conditions. The parental genotypes, Line1, Line2, Line3, Line5, and Line7, were identified as effective and promising combiners. Moreover, the developed crosses Line2×Sakha3, Line3×Nubaria5, Line7×Nubaria5, Line6×Nubaria1, Line5×Sakha3, Line1×Sakha3, and Line1×Nubaria5 could be considered valuable candidates for developing high-yielding and tolerant faba bean genotypes to Orobanche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A Soliman
- Food Legumes Research Department, Agricultural Research Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Giza, 12619, Egypt
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, China
| | - Mohamed A Ibrahim
- Food Legumes Research Department, Agricultural Research Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | - Manar I Mousa
- Food Legumes Research Department, Agricultural Research Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Mansour
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Yuhua He
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, China.
| | - Haitian Yu
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, China.
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Hnizil O, Baidani A, Khlila I, Taghouti M, Nsarellah N, Amamou A. Dissecting Genotype by Environment Interactions in Moroccan Wheat: An Advanced Biplot and Heatmap Analysis Unveiling Agronomic, Quality Traits, and Genotypic Stability for Tailored Breeding Strategies. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1068. [PMID: 38674477 PMCID: PMC11054286 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
This five-year study (2016-2021) across diverse Moroccan agro-climatic zones investigated genotype by environment (G × E) interactions in wheat, focusing on variations in agronomic traits and quality attributes such as protein and gluten content. Significant environmental effects were observed on key traits, like yield, thousand kernel weight (TKW), and spikes per square meter (Spk/m2), highlighting environmental factors' role in wheat yield variability. In the Tassaout (TST) location, notable genotypic effects emerged for traits like biomass, underscoring genetic factors' importance in specific contexts, while in Sidi El Aidi (SEA) and Marchouch (MCH), genotypic effects on yield and its components were predominantly absent, indicating a more substantial environmental influence. These findings illustrate the complexity of G × E interactions and the need for breeding strategies considering genetic potential and environmental adaptability, especially given the trade-offs between yield enhancement and quality maintenance. Insights from the biplot and heatmap analyses enhanced the understanding of genotypes' dynamic interactions with environmental factors, establishing a basis for strategic genotype selection and management to optimize wheat yield and quality. This research contributes to sustainable wheat breeding in Morocco, aligning with global efforts to adapt wheat breeding strategies to changing climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Hnizil
- Laboratory of Agrifood and Health, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan First University of Settat, P.B. 577, Settat 26000, Morocco; (A.B.); (I.K.)
- Research Unit of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources Conservation, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Settat, National Institute of Agricultural Research, P.B. 589, Settat 26000, Morocco;
| | - Aziz Baidani
- Laboratory of Agrifood and Health, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan First University of Settat, P.B. 577, Settat 26000, Morocco; (A.B.); (I.K.)
| | - Ilham Khlila
- Laboratory of Agrifood and Health, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan First University of Settat, P.B. 577, Settat 26000, Morocco; (A.B.); (I.K.)
- Research Unit of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources Conservation, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Settat, National Institute of Agricultural Research, P.B. 589, Settat 26000, Morocco;
| | - Mouna Taghouti
- Research Unit of Plant Genetic Resources and Plant Breeding, National Institute for Agronomic Research, P.B. 6356, Institutes 1010, Rabat 10101, Morocco;
| | - Nasserelhaq Nsarellah
- Research Unit of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources Conservation, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Settat, National Institute of Agricultural Research, P.B. 589, Settat 26000, Morocco;
| | - Ali Amamou
- Research Unit of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources Conservation, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Settat, National Institute of Agricultural Research, P.B. 589, Settat 26000, Morocco;
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Abd-El-Aty MS, Kamara MM, Elgamal WH, Mesbah MI, Abomarzoka EA, Alwutayd KM, Mansour E, Ben Abdelmalek I, Behiry SI, Almoshadak AS, Abdelaal K. Exogenous application of nano-silicon, potassium sulfate, or proline enhances physiological parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities, and agronomic traits of diverse rice genotypes under water deficit conditions. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26077. [PMID: 38434411 PMCID: PMC10907525 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Water deficit is a critical obstacle that devastatingly impacts rice production, particularly in arid regions under current climatic fluctuations. Accordingly, it is decisive to reinforce the drought tolerance of rice by employing sustainable approaches to enhance global food security. The present study aimed at exploring the effect of exogenous application using different biostimulants on physiological, morphological, and yield attributes of diverse rice genotypes under water deficit and well-watered conditions in 2-year field trial. Three diverse rice genotypes (IRAT-112, Giza-178, and IR-64) were evaluated under well-watered (14400 m3/ha in total for the entire season) and water deficit (9170 m3/ha) conditions and were exogenously sprayed by nano-silicon, potassium sulfate, or proline. The results showed that drought stress substantially decreased all studied photosynthetic pigments, growth traits, and yield attributes compared to well-watered conditions. In contrast, antioxidant enzyme activities and osmoprotectants were considerably increased compared with those under well-watered conditions. However, the foliar application of nano-silicon, potassium sulfate, and proline substantially mitigated the deleterious effects of drought stress and markedly enhanced photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzyme activities, growth parameters, and yield contributing traits compared to untreated stressed control. Among the assessed treatments, foliar spray with nano-silicon or proline was more effective in promoting drought tolerance. The exogenous application of proline improved chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids by 21.4, 19.6 and 21.0% followed by nano-silicon treatment, which enhanced chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids by 21.1, 17.6 and 9.5% compared to untreated control. Besides, the application of proline demonstrated a superior improvement in the content of proline by 52.5% compared with the untreated control. Moreover, nano-silicon exhibited the maximum enhancement of catalase and peroxidase activity compared to the other treatments. The positive impacts of applied exogenously nano-silicon or proline significantly increased panicle length, number of panicles/plant, number of grains/panicle, fertility percentage, 1000-grain weight, panicle weight, and grain yield, compared to untreated plants under water deficit conditions. In addition, the physiological and agronomic performance of evaluated rice genotypes significantly contrasted under drought conditions. The genotype Giza-178 displayed the best performance under water deficit conditions compared with the other genotypes. Consequently, the integration of applied exogenously nano-silicon or proline with tolerant rice genotype as Giza-178 is an efficient approach to ameliorating drought tolerance and achieving agricultural sustainability under water-scarce conditions in arid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. Abd-El-Aty
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Kamara
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Walid H. Elgamal
- Rice Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I. Mesbah
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - ElSayed A. Abomarzoka
- Crop Physiology Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt
| | - Khairiah M. Alwutayd
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Mansour
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Imen Ben Abdelmalek
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Said I. Behiry
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
| | - Ameina S. Almoshadak
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Abdelaal
- Excellence Center, Plant Pathology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Egypt
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Galal AA, Safhi FA, El-Hity MA, Kamara MM, Gamal El-Din EM, Rehan M, Farid M, Behiry SI, El-Soda M, Mansour E. Molecular Genetic Diversity of Local and Exotic Durum Wheat Genotypes and Their Combining Ability for Agronomic Traits under Water Deficit and Well-Watered Conditions. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2293. [PMID: 38137895 PMCID: PMC10744700 DOI: 10.3390/life13122293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Water deficit poses significant environmental stress that adversely affects the growth and productivity of durum wheat. Moreover, projections of climate change suggest an increase in the frequency and severity of droughts, particularly in arid regions. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop drought-tolerant and high-yielding genotypes to ensure sustained production and global food security in response to population growth. This study aimed to explore the genetic diversity among local and exotic durum wheat genotypes using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and, additionally, to explore the combining ability and agronomic performance of assessed durum wheat genotypes and their 28 F1 crosses under normal and drought stress conditions. The investigated SSRs highlighted and confirmed the high genetic variation among the evaluated parental durum wheat genotypes. These diverse eight parental genotypes were consequently used to develop 28 F1s through a diallel mating design. The parental durum genotypes and their developed 28 F1s were assessed under normal and drought stress conditions. The evaluated genotypes were analyzed for their general and specific combining abilities as well as heterosis for agronomic traits under both conditions. The local cultivar Bani-Suef-7 (P8) is maintained as an effective combiner for developing shortened genotypes and improving earliness. Moreover, the local cultivars Bani-Suef-5 (P7) and Bani-Suef-7 (P8) along with the exotic line W1520 (P6) demonstrated excellent general combining ability for improving grain yield and its components under drought stress conditions. Furthermore, valuable specific hybrid combinations, W988 × W994 (P1 × P2), W996 × W1518 (P3 × P5), W1011 × W1520 (P4 × P6), and Bani-Suef-5 × Bani-Suef-7 (P7 × P8), were identified for grain yield and its components under drought stress conditions. The assessed 36 genotypes were grouped according to tolerance indices into five clusters varying from highly drought-sensitive genotypes (group E) to highly drought-tolerant (group A). The genotypes in cluster A (two crosses) followed by thirteen crosses in cluster B displayed higher drought tolerance compared to the other crosses and their parental genotypes. Subsequently, these hybrids could be considered valuable candidates in future durum wheat breeding programs to develop desired segregants under water-deficit conditions. Strong positive relationships were observed between grain yield and number of grains per spike, plant height, and 1000-grain weight under water-deficit conditions. These results highlight the significance of these traits for indirect selection under drought stress conditions, particularly in the early stages of breeding, owing to their convenient measurability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Galal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt; (A.A.G.)
| | - Fatmah A. Safhi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mahmoud A. El-Hity
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt; (A.A.G.)
| | - Mohamed M. Kamara
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt; (A.A.G.)
| | - Eman M. Gamal El-Din
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt; (A.A.G.)
| | - Medhat Rehan
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Burydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Mona Farid
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Said I. Behiry
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Soda
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Elsayed Mansour
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
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8
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Mohsen G, Soliman SS, Mahgoub EI, Ismail TA, Mansour E, Alwutayd KM, Safhi FA, Abd El-Moneim D, Alshamrani R, Atallah OO, Shehata WF, Hassanin AA. Gamma-rays induced mutations increase soybean oil and protein contents. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16395. [PMID: 38025746 PMCID: PMC10668811 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutation breeding is one of the effective techniques used for improving desired traits such as yield quality and quantity in economic crops. The present study aims to develop oil and protein contents in addition to high yield attributes in soybean using gamma rays as a mutagen. Seeds of the soybean genotypes Giza 21, Giza 22, Giza 82, Giza 83 and 117 were treated with gamma rays doses 50, 100, 200 and 300 Gy. Plants were then scored based on morphological parameters correlated with yield quantity including plant height, seed weight and valuable protein and oil contents. Mutant lines exhibiting the highest yield attributes were selected and used as parents for M2 generation. The M2 progeny was further assessed based on their ability to maintain their yield attributes. Twenty mutant lines were selected and used as M3 lines. The yield parameters inferred a positive effect of gamma irradiation on the collected M3 mutant lines compared to their parental genotypes. 100 Gy of gamma rays gave the highest effect on the number of pods, branches and seeds per plant in addition to protein content, while 200 Gy was more effective in increasing plant height, number of pods per plant, and oil content. Six mutant lines scored the highest yield parameters. Further assessment inferred an inverse relationship between oil and protein content in most of the tested cultivars with high agronomic features. However, four mutant lines recorded high content of oil and protein besides their high seed yield as well, which elect them as potential candidates for large-scale evaluation. The correlation among examined parameters was further confirmed via principal component analysis (PCA), which inferred a positive correlation between the number of pods, branches, seeds, and seed weight. Conversely, oil and protein content were inversely correlated in most of yielded mutant lines. Together, those findings introduce novel soybean lines with favorable agronomic traits for the market. In addition, our research sheds light on the value of using gamma rays treatment in enhancing genetic variability in soybean and improving oil, protein contents and seed yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geehan Mohsen
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Said S. Soliman
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Elsayed I. Mahgoub
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Tarik A. Ismail
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Mansour
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Khairiah M. Alwutayd
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatmah A. Safhi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Diaa Abd El-Moneim
- Department of Plant Production, (Genetic Branch), Faculty of Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish, Egypt
| | - Rahma Alshamrani
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama O. Atallah
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Wael F. Shehata
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Production Department of, College of Environmental Agricultural Science, Arish University, North Sinai, Egypt
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9
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Hussein MAA, Alqahtani MM, Alwutayd KM, Aloufi AS, Osama O, Azab ES, Abdelsattar M, Hassanin AA, Okasha SA. Exploring Salinity Tolerance Mechanisms in Diverse Wheat Genotypes Using Physiological, Anatomical, Agronomic and Gene Expression Analyses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3330. [PMID: 37765494 PMCID: PMC10535590 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a widespread abiotic stress that devastatingly impacts wheat growth and restricts its productivity worldwide. The present study is aimed at elucidating biochemical, physiological, anatomical, gene expression analysis, and agronomic responses of three diverse wheat genotypes to different salinity levels. A salinity treatment of 5000 and 7000 ppm gradually reduced photosynthetic pigments, anatomical root and leaf measurements and agronomic traits of all evaluated wheat genotypes (Ismailia line, Misr 1, and Misr 3). In addition, increasing salinity levels substantially decreased all anatomical root and leaf measurements except sclerenchyma tissue upper and lower vascular bundle thickness compared with unstressed plants. However, proline content in stressed plants was stimulated by increasing salinity levels in all evaluated wheat genotypes. Moreover, Na+ ions content and antioxidant enzyme activities in stressed leaves increased the high level of salinity in all genotypes. The evaluated wheat genotypes demonstrated substantial variations in all studied characters. The Ismailia line exhibited the uppermost performance in photosynthetic pigments under both salinity levels. Additionally, the Ismailia line was superior in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase activity (CAT), peroxidase (POX), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes followed by Misr 1. Moreover, the Ismailia line recorded the maximum anatomical root and leaf measurements under salinity stress, which enhanced its tolerance to salinity stress. The Ismailia line and Misr 3 presented high up-regulation of H+ATPase, NHX2 HAK, and HKT genes in the root and leaf under both salinity levels. The positive physiological, anatomical, and molecular responses of the Ismailia line under salinity stress were reflected on agronomic performance and exhibited superior values of all evaluated agronomic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. A. Hussein
- Department of Botany (Genetics), Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Mesfer M. Alqahtani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Ad-Dawadimi 11911, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khairiah M. Alwutayd
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abeer S. Aloufi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Omnia Osama
- Environmental Stress Lab (ESL), Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt;
| | - Enas S. Azab
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed Abdelsattar
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt;
| | - Abdallah A. Hassanin
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Salah A. Okasha
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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10
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Zannat A, Hussain MA, Md Abdullah AH, Hossain MI, Saifullah M, Safhi FA, Alshallash KS, Mansour E, ElSayed AI, Hossain MS. Exploring genotypic variability and interrelationships among growth, yield, and quality characteristics in diverse tomato genotypes. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18958. [PMID: 37600404 PMCID: PMC10432218 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato is the most consumed vegetable crop worldwide, with excellent beneficial health properties and high content of vitamins, minerals, carotenoids, total antioxidants, and phenolic compounds. Hence, improving its genotypes is crucial to sustain its production and ensure food security, principally under the fast-growing worldwide population and abrupt global climate change. The present study aimed to explore the genotypic variability associated with specific characteristics in twenty-five diverse tomato genotypes. In addition, the relationships between growth, yield, and quality traits using both univariate (correlation coefficient, path analysis) and multivariate (principal component, principal coordinates, canonical variate) analysis methods were explored. The results indicated that the evaluated genotypes possessed highly significant variation. This is appropriate for future hybridization through tomato breeding programs. All evaluated genotypes demonstrated considerable potential to develop strong hybrid vigour for growth, yield, and quality characteristics. In particular, the genotypes LS009, LS011, and LS014 could be considered promising, high-yielding, and resistant to yellow leaf curl virus infestation (YLCV) disease parents for future breeding schemes. The number of fruits per plant, fruit diameter, and fruit weight proved strong positive relationships with fruit yield. Accordingly, these characteristics demonstrate their importance in improving fruit yield and could be exploited as indirect criteria for selecting high-yielding tomato genotypes through breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arova Zannat
- Department of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh
| | - Md Arif Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Habib Md Abdullah
- Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ismail Hossain
- Department of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saifullah
- Natural Resources Management Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1215, Bangladesh
| | - Fatmah A. Safhi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S. Alshallash
- College of Science and Humanities-Huraymila, Imam Mohammed Bin Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11432, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Mansour
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Abdelaleim I. ElSayed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Md Sazzad Hossain
- Department of Agronomy and Haor Agriculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
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11
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AL-Kahtani SN, Kamara MM, Taha EKA, El-Wakeil N, Aljabr A, Mousa KM. Combining Ability and Inheritance Nature of Agronomic Traits and Resistance to Pink Stem ( Sesamia cretica) and Purple-Lined ( Chilo agamemnon) Borers in Maize. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1105. [PMID: 36903963 PMCID: PMC10005691 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The pink stem borer (PSB), Sesamia cretica (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) purple-lined borer (PLB), Chilo agamemnon (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis, (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) are considered the most devastating insect pests of maize production in the Mediterranean region. The frequent use of chemical insecticides has resulted in the evolution of resistance to various insect pests as well as the pernicious impact on natural enemies and environmental hazardousness. Therefore, developing resistant and high-yielding hybrids is the best economic and environmental approach to cope with these destructive insects. Accordingly, the objective of the study was to estimate the combining ability of maize inbred lines (ILs), identify promising hybrids, determine gene action controlling agronomic traits and resistance to PSB and PLB, and investigate inter-relationships among evaluated traits. A half-diallel mating design was employed to cross seven diverse maize inbreds to generate 21 F1 hybrids. The developed F1 hybrids, alongside high-yielding commercial check hybrid (SC-132), were assessed in field trials for two years under natural infestation. Substantial variations were obtained among the evaluated hybrids for all recorded characteristics. The non-additive gene action was major for grain yield and its contributing traits, while the additive gene action was more important in controlling the inheritance of PSB and PLB resistance. The inbred line IL1 was identified to be a good combiner for earliness and developing short-stature genotypes. Additionally, IL6 and IL7 were recognized as excellent combiners to enhance resistance to PSB, PLB and grain yield. The hybrid combinations IL1×IL6, IL3×IL6, and IL3×IL7 were determined to be excellent specific combiners for resistance to PSB, PLB and grain yield. Strong positive associations were identified among grain yield, its related traits, and resistance to PSB and PLB. This implies their importance as useful traits for indirect selection for improving grain yield. Otherwise, the resistance against PSB and PLB was negatively associated with the silking date, indicating that earliness would be favorable for escaping from the borer's attack. It could be concluded that the inheritance of PSB and PLB resistance can be governed by the additive gene effects, and the IL1×IL6, IL3×IL6, and IL3×IL7 hybrid combinations can be recommended as excellent combiners for resistance to PSB and PLB and good yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad N. AL-Kahtani
- Arid Land Agriculture Department, College of Agricultural Sciences & Foods, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M. Kamara
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - El-Kazafy A. Taha
- Economic Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Nabil El-Wakeil
- Arid Land Agriculture Department, College of Agricultural Sciences & Foods, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Aljabr
- Arid Land Agriculture Department, College of Agricultural Sciences & Foods, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kareem M. Mousa
- Economic Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
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12
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Sheng K, Xu L, Wang M, Lei H, Duan A. The end-use quality of wheat can be enhanced by optimal water management without incurring yield loss. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1030763. [PMID: 36438148 PMCID: PMC9684672 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1030763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In China, water-saving irrigation is playing important roles in ensuring food security, and improving wheat quality. A barrel experiment was conducted with three winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes and two irrigation pattens to examine the effects of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on wheat grain yield, water-use efficiency (WUE), and grain quality. In order to accurately control the soil water content, wheat was planted in the iron barrels set under a rainproof shelter, and the soil water content in the iron barrel was controlled by gravity method. The mechanisms whereby water management influences the end-use functional properties of wheat grain were also investigated. The results revealed that RDI improved the end-use functional properties of wheat and WUE, without significant yield loss (less than 3%). Moderate water deficit (60% to 65% field capacity) before jointing and during the late grain-filling stage combined with a slight water deficit (65% to 70% field capacity) from jointing to booting increased grain quality and WUE. The observed non-significant reduction in wheat yield associated with RDI may be attributed to higher rate of photosynthesis during the early stage of grain development and higher rate of transfer of carbohydrates from vegetative organs to grains during the later stage. By triggering an earlier rapid transfer of nitrogen deposited in vegetative organs, RDI enhances grain nitrogen content, which in turn could enhance dough elasticity, given the positive correlation between grain nitrogen content and dough midline peak value. Our results also indicate that the effects of RDI on grain quality are genotype dependent. Therefore, the grain end-use quality of some specific wheat genotypes may be enhanced without incurring yield loss by an optimal water management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Sheng
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Yellow River Conservancy Technical Institute, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lina Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Mingxia Wang
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Yellow River Conservancy Technical Institute, Kaifeng, China
| | - Heng Lei
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Yellow River Conservancy Technical Institute, Kaifeng, China
| | - Aiwang Duan
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
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13
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Megahed EMA, Awaad HA, Ramadan IE, Abdul-Hamid MIE, Sweelam AA, El-Naggar DR, Mansour E. Assessing performance and stability of yellow rust resistance, heat tolerance, and agronomic performance in diverse bread wheat genotypes for enhancing resilience to climate change under Egyptian conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1014824. [PMID: 36438087 PMCID: PMC9686012 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1014824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Yellow rust and heat stress adversatively impact the growth and production of bread wheat in particular under rising adverse environmental conditions. Stability of grain yield is a pivotal purpose of plant breeders to improve wheat production and ensure global food security especially under abrupt climate change. The objective of this study was to assess the performance and stability of diverse bread wheat genotypes for yellow rust resistance, heat stress, and yield traits. The studied genotypes were evaluated in two different locations under two sowing dates (timely and late sowing) during two growing seasons. The obtained results displayed significant differences among the tested locations, sowing dates, and genotypes for most measured traits. The yellow rust measurements evaluated under the field conditions including final rust severity (FRS), the average coefficient of infection (ACI), and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) revealed that Giza-171, Misr-1, Gemmeiza-12, Shandweel-1, Sids-13, Line-1, Line-2, and Line-55 had better resistance. Based on heat sensitivity measurements, Line-1 and Line-2 followed by Line-35, Shandweel-1 and Line-55 were classified as more tolerant to heat stress compared with the remaining genotypes. The genotypes Line-55, Gemmeiza-12, Giza-171, Line-1, Line-2, and Misr-1 were able to maintain acceptable agronomic performance under timely and late sowing dates in all evaluated environments. Different statistical procedures were employed to explore the adaptability and stability of tested genotypes i.e., joint regression, stratified ranking, Wricke's Ecovalence values, cultivar superiority, additive main effects, and multiplicative interaction (AMMI), AMMI stability value, and genotype plus genotype-by-environment interaction (GGE). The applied stability parameters were quite similar for describing the stability of the evaluated wheat genotypes. The results indicated that Gemmeiza-12, Giza-171, Sids-12, Sids-13, Misr-1 Shandweel-1, Line-1, Line-2, and Line-55 were desirable and stable. The heatmap and hierarchical clustering were exploited for dividing the evaluated bread wheat genotypes into different clusters based on yellow rust resistance measurements, heat tolerance indices, and agronomic performance. Line-1 and Line-2 had the best performance for all rust resistance, heat tolerance, and agronomic performance followed by Giza-171, Line-55, Line-35, Gemmeiza-12, Shandweel-1, Misr-1, and Sids-13. In conclusion, our findings provide evidence of utilizing promising genotypes in rust resistance, heat tolerance, and agronomic performance in breeding programs for improving wheat grain yield stability mainly under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M. A. Megahed
- Wheat Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hassan A. Awaad
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ismail E. Ramadan
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Abdallah A. Sweelam
- Wheat Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Doaa R. El-Naggar
- Wheat Disease Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Mansour
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Alharbi K, Rashwan E, Hafez E, Omara AED, Mohamed HH, Alshaal T. Potassium Humate and Plant Growth-Promoting Microbes Jointly Mitigate Water Deficit Stress in Soybean Cultivated in Salt-Affected Soil. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3016. [PMID: 36432745 PMCID: PMC9698740 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lack of high-quality irrigation water and soil salinity are two main environmental factors that affect plant development. When both stressors are combined, the soil becomes sterile and constrains plant productivity. Consequently, two field trials were designed to assess whether plant growth-promoting microbes (PGPMs; Bradyrhizobium japonicum (USDA 110) and Trichoderma harzianum) and potassium humate (K-humate) can stimulate soybean growth, productivity, and seed quality under two different watering regimes as follows: (i) well-watered (WW), where plants were irrigated at 12-day intervals (recommended), and (ii) water stress (WS), where plants were irrigated at the 18-day intervals in salt-affected soil during 2020 and 2021 seasons. Results revealed that coupled application of PGPMs and K-humate resulted in a substantial improvement in K+ levels in the leaves compared to Na+ levels, which has a direct positive impact on an enhancement in the antioxidants defense system (CAT, POX, SOD), which caused the decline of the oxidative stress indicators (H2O2, MDA, and EL%) as well as proline content under water stress in salt-affected soil. Hence, a significant increase in root length, nodule weight, soybean relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance, photosynthetic pigments, net photosynthetic rate, soluble protein, seed carbohydrate content as well as the number of pods plant-1 and seed yield was reported. In conclusion, the combined application of PGPMs and K-humate might be recommended to maximize the soybean growth and productivity under harsh growth conditions (e.g., water stress and soil salinity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadiga Alharbi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emadeldeen Rashwan
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Emad Hafez
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Dein Omara
- Agricultural Research Center, Microbiology, Soils, Water Environment Research Institute, Giza 12112, Egypt
| | - Hossam Hussein Mohamed
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 13625, Egypt
| | - Tarek Alshaal
- Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
- Department of Applied Plant Biology, Institute of Crop Sciences, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Pons C, Müller C. Impacts of Drought Stress and Mycorrhizal Inoculation on the Performance of Two Spring Wheat Cultivars. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2187. [PMID: 36079569 PMCID: PMC9460616 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cereal production is becoming challenging, given ongoing climate change. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are discussed to mitigate effects of drought for plants and enhance nutrient uptake. Thus, we investigated the impacts of drought and mycorrhiza on the growth and allocation patterns of two cultivars of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum). Plants were grown under three irrigation regimes (well-watered, continuous or pulsed drought) and in three substrates (absence or presence of one or three AMF species). Applied water use efficiency (WUEapplied), harvest index (HI) and contents of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) were determined when grains were watery ripe. When grains were hard, again, WUEapplied, HI and the thousand-kernel weight were measured. The WUEapplied and HI were lowest in plants under pulsed drought stress at the second harvest, while the thousand-kernel weight was lower in mycorrhized compared to non-mycorrhized plants. The C/N ratio dropped with increasing drought stress but was enhanced by mycorrhiza, while the P content was surprisingly unaffected by mycorrhiza. The total root length colonization was higher in substrates with the AMF mix, but overall, fungal presence could not alleviate the effects of drought. Our results highlight the complexity of responses to challenging environments in this highly domesticated species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Müller
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Application of Silica Nanoparticles in Combination with Two Bacterial Strains Improves the Growth, Antioxidant Capacity and Production of Barley Irrigated with Saline Water in Salt-Affected Soil. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11152026. [PMID: 35956503 PMCID: PMC9370161 DOI: 10.3390/plants11152026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Exploitation of low-quality water or irrigation of field crops with saline water in salt-affected soil is a critical worldwide challenge that rigorously influences agricultural productivity and sustainability, especially in arid and semiarid zones with limited freshwater resources. Therefore, we investigated a synergistic amendment strategy for salt-affected soil using a singular and combined application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR at 950 g ha−1; Azotobacter chroococcum SARS 10 and Pseudomonas koreensis MG209738) and silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) at 500 mg L−1 to mitigate the detrimental impacts of irrigation with saline water on the growth, physiology, and productivity of barley (Hordum vulgare L.), along with soil attributes and nutrient uptake during 2019/2020 and 2020/2021. Our field trials showed that the combined application of PGPR and SiNPs significantly improved the soil physicochemical properties, mainly by reducing the soil exchangeable sodium percentage. Additionally, it considerably enhanced the microbiological counts (i.e., bacteria, azotobacter, and bacillus) and soil enzyme activity (i.e., urease and dehydrogenase) in both growing seasons compared with the control. The combined application of PGPR and SiNPs alleviated the detrimental impacts of saline water on barley plants grown in salt-affected soil compared to the single application of PGPR or SiNPs. The marked improvement was due to the combined application of PGPR and SiNPs, which enhanced the physiological properties (e.g., relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance, and K/Na ratio), enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POX)), and yield and yield-related traits and nutrient uptake (N, P, and K) of barley plants. Moreover, the Na+ content, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, lipid peroxidation (MDA), electrolyte leakage (EL), and proline content were reduced upon the application of PGPR + SiNPs. These results could be important information for cultivating barley and other cereal crops in salt-affected soil under irrigation with saline water.
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17
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Resistance and Resilience of Nine Plant Species to Drought in Inner Mongolia Temperate Grasslands of Northern China. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12104967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Drought has been approved to affect the process of terrestrial ecosystems from different organizational levels, including individual, community, and ecosystem levels; however, which traits play the dominant role in the resistance of plant to drought is still unclear. The experiment was conducted in semi-arid temperate grassland and included six paired control and drought experimental plots. The drought treatment was completely removed from precipitation treatments from 20 June to 30 August 2013. At the end of the growing season in 2013, we removed the rain cover for ecosystem recovery in 2014. The results demonstrated that drought treatment increased the coverage of and abundance Heteropappus altaicus, Potentilla bifurca, and Artemisia scoparia by 126.2–170.0% and 63.4–98.9%, but decreased that of Artemisia frigida, Dontostemon dentatus, and Melissilus ruthenicu by 46.2–60.2% and 49.6–60.1%. No differences in coverage and abundance of Agropyron cristatum, Stipa kiylovii, and Cleistogenes squarrosa were found between control and drought treatment. The coverage and abundance of Stipa kiylovii have exceeded the original level before the drought stress, but Heteropappus altaicus still had not recovered in the first year after the disturbance. Our findings indicate that plant functional traits are important for the understanding of the resistance and resilience of plants to drought stress, which can provide data support for grassland management.
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Omar M, Rabie HA, Mowafi SA, Othman HT, El-Moneim DA, Alharbi K, Mansour E, Ali MMA. Multivariate Analysis of Agronomic Traits in Newly Developed Maize Hybrids Grown under Different Agro-Environments. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1187. [PMID: 35567188 PMCID: PMC9102415 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Developing high-yielding maize hybrids is essential under the fast-growing global population and abrupt global climate change. Planting density is one of the imperative components for enhancing maize productivity. This study assessed newly developed maize hybrids under three planting densities on two sowing dates. The evaluated hybrids were 40 maize genotypes comprised of 36 F1-developed hybrids and 4 commercial high-yielding check hybrids. The developed hybrids were generated from selected maize inbred lines according to their adaptive traits to high planting density, such as prolificacy, erect leaves, short plants, early silking, anthesis-silking interval, and small tassel size. The applied planting densities were high, intermediate, and low, with 95,000, 75,000, and 55,000 plants/ha, respectively, under timely and late sowing. The high planting density displayed the uppermost grain yield compared with the intermediate and low densities at both sowing dates. The developed hybrid G36 exhibited the highest agronomic performance under high planting density at timely and late sowing. Additionally, G38, G16, G37, G23, G5, G31, G18, G7, G2, G20, G29, and G17 displayed high agronomic traits at both sowing dates. Joint regression and AMMI analyses revealed significant genotype, agro-environment, and genotype × agro-environment interaction effects for grain yield. The AMMI biplot displayed that G39 was closest to the ideal stable hybrid, and the hybrids G36, G18, G38, G17, G2, and G37 were considered desirable stable hybrids. Moreover, the GGE biplot indicated that a high planting density at an optimal sowing date could be considered a representative environment for discriminating high-yielding maize hybrids. The designated promising hybrids are recommended for further inclusion in maize breeding due to their stability and high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hassan A. Rabie
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (H.A.R.); (S.A.M.)
| | - Saber A. Mowafi
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (H.A.R.); (S.A.M.)
| | | | - Diaa Abd El-Moneim
- Department of Plant Production (Genetic Branch), Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish 45511, Egypt;
| | - Khadiga Alharbi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Mansour
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (H.A.R.); (S.A.M.)
| | - Mohamed M. A. Ali
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (H.A.R.); (S.A.M.)
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