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Zhu W, Xiong L, Oteiza PI. Structure-dependent capacity of procyanidin dimers to inhibit inflammation-induced barrier dysfunction in a cell model of intestinal epithelium. Redox Biol 2024; 75:103275. [PMID: 39059205 PMCID: PMC11327484 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diet is of major importance in modulating intestinal inflammation, as the gastrointestinal tract is directly exposed to high concentrations of dietary components. Procyanidins are flavan-3-ol oligomers abundant in fruits and vegetables. Although with limited or no intestinal absorption, they can have GI health benefits which can promote overall health. We previously observed that epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) dimers inhibit in vitro colorectal cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness. Inflammation-mediated intestinal barrier permeabilization can result in a chronic inflammatory condition and promote colorectal cancer onset/progression. Thus, this study investigated the structure-dependent capacity of ECG, EGCG and (-)-epicatechin (EC) dimers to inhibit tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and loss of barrier integrity in Caco-2 cells differentiated into an intestinal epithelial cell monolayer. Cells were incubated with TNFα (10 ng/ml), in the absence/presence of ECG, EGCG and EC dimers. The three dimers inhibited TNFα-mediated Caco-2 cell monolayer permeabilization, modulating events involved in the loss of barrier function and inflammation, i.e. decreased tight junction protein levels; increased matrix metalloproteinases expression and activity; increased NADPH oxidase expression and oxidant production; activation of the NF-κB and ERK1/2 pathways and downstream events leading to tight junction opening. For some of these mechanisms, the galloylated ECG and EGCG dimers had stronger protective potency than the non-galloylated EC dimer. These differences could be due to differential membrane interactions as pointed out by molecular dynamics simulation of procyanidin dimers-cell membrane interactions and/or by differential interactions with NOX1. Results show that dimeric procyanidins, although poorly absorbed, can promote health by alleviating intestinal inflammation, oxidative stress and barrier permeabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - Le Xiong
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44194, USA
| | - Patricia I Oteiza
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, 95618, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95618, USA.
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Sureram S, Chutiwitoonchai N, Pooprasert T, Sangsopha W, Limjiasahapong S, Jariyasopit N, Sirivatanauksorn Y, Khoomrung S, Mahidol C, Ruchirawat S, Kittakoop P. Discovery of procyanidin condensed tannins of (-)-epicatechin from Kratom, Mitragyna speciosa, as virucidal agents against SARS-CoV-2. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133059. [PMID: 38866269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Kratom, Mitragyna speciosa, is one of the most popular herbs in the West and Southeast Asia. A number of previous works have focused on bioactive alkaloids in this plant; however, non-alkaloids have never been investigated for their biological activities. Antiviral and virucidal assays of a methanol leaf extract of Kratom, M. speciosa, revealed that a crude extract displayed virucidal activity against the SARS-CoV-2. Activity-guided isolation of a methanol leaf extract of Kratom led to the identification of B-type procyanidin condensed tannins of (-)-epicatechin as virucidal compounds against SARS-CoV-2. The fraction containing condensed tannins exhibited virucidal activity with an EC50 value of 8.38 μg/mL and a selectivity index (SI) value >23.86. LC-MS/MS analysis and MALDI-TOF MS identified the structure of the virucidal compounds in Kratom as B-type procyanidin condensed tannins, while gel permeation chromatograph (GPC) revealed weight average molecular weight of 238,946 Da for high molecular-weight condensed tannins. In addition to alkaloids, (-)-epicatechin was found as a major component in the leaves of M. speciosa, but it did not have virucidal activity. Macromolecules of (-)-epicatechin, i.e., procyanidin condensed tannins, showed potent virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that the high molecular weights of these polyphenols are important for virucidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanya Sureram
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand University, Thailand
| | - Nopporn Chutiwitoonchai
- Virology and Cell Technology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
| | - Tam Pooprasert
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand University, Thailand
| | - Watchara Sangsopha
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand University, Thailand
| | - Suphitcha Limjiasahapong
- Siriraj Metabolomics and Phenomics Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narumol Jariyasopit
- Siriraj Metabolomics and Phenomics Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Siriraj Center of Research Excellent in Metabolomics and Systems Biology (SiCORE-MSB), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yongyut Sirivatanauksorn
- Siriraj Metabolomics and Phenomics Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Siriraj Center of Research Excellent in Metabolomics and Systems Biology (SiCORE-MSB), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sakda Khoomrung
- Siriraj Metabolomics and Phenomics Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Siriraj Center of Research Excellent in Metabolomics and Systems Biology (SiCORE-MSB), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chulabhorn Mahidol
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand University, Thailand; Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Program in Chemical Sciences, Kamphaeng Phet, 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand University, Thailand; Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Program in Chemical Sciences, Kamphaeng Phet, 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Prasat Kittakoop
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand University, Thailand; Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Program in Chemical Sciences, Kamphaeng Phet, 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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3
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Dudek A, Szulc N, Pawlak A, Strugała-Danak P, Krawczyk-Łebek A, Perz M, Kostrzewa-Susłow E, Pruchnik H. Structural investigation of interactions between halogenated flavonoids and the lipid membrane along with their role as cytotoxic agents. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10561. [PMID: 38719884 PMCID: PMC11078956 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on understanding the structural and molecular changes in lipid membranes under the influence of six halogenated flavonoid derivatives differing in the number and position of substitution of chlorine and bromine atoms (D1-D6). Utilizing various analytical techniques, including fluorometric methods, dynamic light scattering (DLS), attenuated Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR- FTIR), and FT-Raman spectroscopy, the research aims to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the interaction of flavonoids with cell membranes. Additionally, the study includes in silico analyses to explore the physicochemical properties of these compounds and their potential pharmaceutical applications, along with toxicity studies to assess their effects on cancer, normal, and red blood cells. Our study showed the ability of halogenated derivatives to interact mostly with the outer part of the membrane, especially in the lipid heads region however, some of them were able to penetrate deeper into the membrane and affect the fluidity of hydrocarbon chains. The potential to reduce cancer cell viability, the lack of toxicity towards erythrocytes, and the favourable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties suggest these halogenated flavonoids potential candidates for exploring their potential for medical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Dudek
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Natalia Szulc
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paulina Strugała-Danak
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Krawczyk-Łebek
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Martyna Perz
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Edyta Kostrzewa-Susłow
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Hanna Pruchnik
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
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Pardo-Hernández M, Arbona V, Simón I, Rivero RM. Specific ABA-independent tomato transcriptome reprogramming under abiotic stress combination. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1746-1763. [PMID: 38284474 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Crops often have to face several abiotic stresses simultaneously, and under these conditions, the plant's response significantly differs from that observed under a single stress. However, up to the present, most of the molecular markers identified for increasing plant stress tolerance have been characterized under single abiotic stresses, which explains the unexpected results found when plants are tested under real field conditions. One important regulator of the plant's responses to abiotic stresses is abscisic acid (ABA). The ABA signaling system engages many stress-responsive genes, but many others do not respond to ABA treatments. Thus, the ABA-independent pathway, which is still largely unknown, involves multiple signaling pathways and important molecular components necessary for the plant's adaptation to climate change. In the present study, ABA-deficient tomato mutants (flacca, flc) were subjected to salinity, heat, or their combination. An in-depth RNA-seq analysis revealed that the combination of salinity and heat led to a strong reprogramming of the tomato transcriptome. Thus, of the 685 genes that were specifically regulated under this combination in our flc mutants, 463 genes were regulated by ABA-independent systems. Among these genes, we identified six transcription factors (TFs) that were significantly regulated, belonging to the R2R3-MYB family. A protein-protein interaction network showed that the TFs SlMYB50 and SlMYB86 were directly involved in the upregulation of the flavonol biosynthetic pathway-related genes. One of the most novel findings of the study is the identification of the involvement of some important ABA-independent TFs in the specific plant response to abiotic stress combination. Considering that ABA levels dramatically change in response to environmental factors, the study of ABA-independent genes that are specifically regulated under stress combination may provide a remarkable tool for increasing plant resilience to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Pardo-Hernández
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Center of Edaphology and Applied Biology of Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario Espinardo, Ed 25, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Vicent Arbona
- Departament de Biologia, Bioquímica i Ciències Naturals, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, 12071, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Simón
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Rosa M Rivero
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Center of Edaphology and Applied Biology of Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario Espinardo, Ed 25, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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Marangon CA, Otoni CG, Bertuso PC, Rossi PF, Dos Santos DM, Lourençon TV, Martins VCA, Plepis AMG, Mattoso LHC, Nitschke M. Side-stream lignins: Potential antioxidant and antimicrobial agents in milk. Food Res Int 2024; 180:114091. [PMID: 38395568 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, lignin has drawn increasing attention due to its intrinsic antibacterial and antioxidant activities, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Yet, like several other biogenic structures, its compositional heterogeneity represents a challenge to overcome. In addition, there are few studies regarding food applications of lignin. Herein, we evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of lignin from two different sources. These lignins were characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopies. Their antibacterial and antioxidant capacities (DPPH and Folin-Ciocalteu methods) were also investigated. Susceptibility tests were performed with the minimal inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) concentrations using the micro-broth dilution technique. Kraft lignin presented higher radical-scavenging and antibacterial activities than alkali lignin, indicating the dependence of antioxidant and antibacterial activities on the precursor biomass. Scanning electron microscopy shows morphologic changes in the bacteria after exposure to lignin, while confocal microscopy suggests that kraft lignin has affinity towards bacterial surfaces and the ability to cause cell membrane destabilization. Lignin inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Enteritidis in skimmed milk, herein taken as food model. Our results suggest that lignins are promising candidates for green additives to improve quality and safety within the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crisiane A Marangon
- Embrapa Instrumentation, Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, São Carlos, SP 13560-979, Brazil
| | - Caio G Otoni
- Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering (PPGCEM) & Department of Materials Engineering (DEMa), Rod. Washington Luis, 235, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Paula C Bertuso
- University of São Paulo (USP), Interunit Graduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, CP-780, São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Patrícia F Rossi
- Embrapa Instrumentation, Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, São Carlos, SP 13560-979, Brazil; Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Mining Engineering, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha - Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Danilo M Dos Santos
- Embrapa Instrumentation, Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, São Carlos, SP 13560-979, Brazil
| | - Tainise V Lourençon
- Aalto University, Department of Bioprocesses and Bioproducts, P.O. Box 16300, Aalto, Finland
| | - Virginia C A Martins
- University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos Institute of Chemistry (IQSC), Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, CP-780, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria G Plepis
- University of São Paulo (USP), Interunit Graduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, CP-780, São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil; University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos Institute of Chemistry (IQSC), Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, CP-780, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Luiz H C Mattoso
- Embrapa Instrumentation, Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, São Carlos, SP 13560-979, Brazil
| | - Marcia Nitschke
- University of São Paulo (USP), Interunit Graduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, CP-780, São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil; University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos Institute of Chemistry (IQSC), Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, CP-780, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil.
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6
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Coones RT, Karonen M, Green RJ, Frazier R. Interactions of Galloylated Polyphenols with a Simple Gram-Negative Bacterial Membrane Lipid Model. MEMBRANES 2024; 14:47. [PMID: 38392674 PMCID: PMC10890094 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to explore the interactions of isolated polyphenolic compounds, including (-)-epigallocatechin gallate ((-)-EGCg), tellimagrandins I and II (Tel-I and Tel-II), and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-d-glucose (PGG), with a model Gram-negative bacterial membrane with a view to investigating their antimicrobial properties. The model membranes comprised 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DPPE) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (DPPG), fabricated to mimic the domain formation observed in natural membranes, as well as ideally mixed lipid vesicles for the interaction with (-)-EGCg. Polyphenols induced changes in lipid mixing/de-mixing depending on the method of vesicle preparation, as was clearly evidenced by alterations in the lipid transition temperatures. There was a distinct affinity of the polyphenols for the DPPG lipid component, which was attributed to the electrostatic interactions between the polyphenolic galloyl moieties and the lipid headgroups. These interactions were found to operate through either the stabilization of the lipid headgroups by the polyphenols or the insertion of the polyphenols into the membrane itself. Structural attributes of the polyphenols, including the number of galloyl groups, the hydrophobicity quantified by partition coefficients (logP), and structural flexibility, exhibited a correlation with the temperature transitions observed in the DSC measurements. This study furthers our understanding of the intricate interplay between the structural features of polyphenolic compounds and their interactions with model bacterial membrane vesicles towards the exploitation of polyphenols as antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T Coones
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Maarit Karonen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Rebecca J Green
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Richard Frazier
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK
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Menzikov SA, Zaichenko DM, Moskovtsev AA, Morozov SG, Kubatiev AA. Phenols and GABA A receptors: from structure and molecular mechanisms action to neuropsychiatric sequelae. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1272534. [PMID: 38303988 PMCID: PMC10831359 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1272534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs) are members of the pentameric ligand-gated ion channel (pLGIC) family, which are widespread throughout the invertebrate and vertebrate central nervous system. GABAARs are engaged in short-term changes of the neuronal concentrations of chloride (Cl-) and bicarbonate (HCO3 -) ions by their passive permeability through the ion channel pore. GABAARs are regulated by various structurally diverse phenolic substances ranging from simple phenols to complex polyphenols. The wide chemical and structural variability of phenols suggest similar and different binding sites on GABAARs, allowing them to manifest themselves as activators, inhibitors, or allosteric ligands of GABAAR function. Interest in phenols is associated with their great potential for GABAAR modulation, but also with their subsequent negative or positive role in neurological and psychiatric disorders. This review focuses on the GABAergic deficit hypotheses during neurological and psychiatric disorders induced by various phenols. We summarize the structure-activity relationship of general phenol groups concerning their differential roles in the manifestation of neuropsychiatric symptoms. We describe and analyze the role of GABAAR subunits in manifesting various neuropathologies and the molecular mechanisms underlying their modulation by phenols. Finally, we discuss how phenol drugs can modulate GABAAR activity via desensitization and resensitization. We also demonstrate a novel pharmacological approach to treat neuropsychiatric disorders via regulation of receptor phosphorylation/dephosphorylation.
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Molino S, Pilar Francino M, Ángel Rufián Henares J. Why is it important to understand the nature and chemistry of tannins to exploit their potential as nutraceuticals? Food Res Int 2023; 173:113329. [PMID: 37803691 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Tannins comprise a large group of polyphenols that can differ widely in chemical composition and molecular weight. The use of tannins dates back to antiquity, but it is only in recent years that their potential use as nutraceuticals associated with the human diet is beginning to be exploited. Although the biological effects of these phytocomplexes have been studied for many years, there are still several open questions regarding their chemistry and biotransformation. The vastness of the molecules that make up the class of tannins has made their characterisation, as well as their nomenclature and classification, a daunting task. This review has been written with the aim of bringing order to the chemistry of tannins by including aspects that are sometimes still overlooked or should be updated with new research in order to understand the potential of these phytocomplexes as active ingredients or technological components for nutraceutical products. Future trends in tannin research should address many questions that are still open, such as determining the exact biosynthetic pathways of all classes of tannins, the actual biological effects determined by the interaction of tannins with other molecules, their metabolization, and the best extraction methods, but with a view to market requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Molino
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Silvateam Spa, R&D Unit, San Michele Mondovì, Italy
| | - M Pilar Francino
- Area de Genòmica i Salut, Fundació per al Foment de la Investigació Sanitària i Biomèdica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO-Salut Pública), València, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - José Ángel Rufián Henares
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Hack W, Gladen-Kolarsky N, Chatterjee S, Liang Q, Maitra U, Ciesla L, Gray NE. Gardenin A improves cognitive and motor function in A53T-α-syn mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.27.564401. [PMID: 37961574 PMCID: PMC10634905 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.27.564401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are widespread in the Parkinson's disease (PD) brain and contribute to the synaptic degradation and dopaminergic cell loss that result in cognitive impairment and motor dysfunction. The polymethoxyflavone Gardenin A (GA) has been shown to activate the NRF2-regulated antioxidant pathway and inhibit the NFkB-dependent pro-inflammatory pathway in a Drosophila model of PD. Here, we evaluate the effects of GA on A53T alpha-synuclein overexpressing (A53TSyn) mice. A53TSyn mice were treated orally for 4 weeks with 0, 25, or 100 mg/kg GA. In the fourth week, mice underwent behavioral testing and tissue was harvested for immunohistochemical analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and phosphorylated alpha synuclein (pSyn) expression, and quantification of synaptic, antioxidant and inflammatory gene expression. Results were compared to vehicle-treated C57BL6 mice. Treatment with 100 mg/kg GA improved associative memory and decreased abnormalities in mobility and gait in A53TSyn mice. GA treatment also reduced cortical and hippocampal levels of pSyn and attenuated the reduction in TH expression in the striatum. Additionally, GA increased cortical expression of NRF2-regulated antioxidant genes and decreased expression of NFkB-dependent pro-inflammatory genes. GA was readily detectable in the brains of treated mice and modulated the lipid profile in the deep gray brain tissue of those animals. While the beneficial effects of GA on cognitive deficits, motor dysfunction and PD pathology are promising, future studies are needed to further fully elucidate the mechanism of action of GA, optimizing dosing and confirm these effects in other PD models. Significance Statement The polymethoxyflavone Gardenin A can improve cognitive and motor function and attenuate both increases in phosphorylated alpha synuclein and reductions in tyrosine hydroxylase expression in A53T alpha synuclein overexpressing mice. These effects may be related to activation of the NRF2-regulated antioxidant response and downregulation of NFkB-dependent inflammatory response by Gardenin A in treated animals. The study also showed excellent brain bioavailability of Gardenin A and modifications of the lipid profile, possibly through interactions between Gardenin A with the lipid bilayer, following oral administration. The study confirms neuroprotective activity of Gardenin A previously reported in toxin induced Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease.
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Kapral-Piotrowska J, Strawa JW, Jakimiuk K, Wiater A, Tomczyk M, Gruszecki WI, Pawlikowska-Pawlęga B. Investigation of the Membrane Localization and Interaction of Selected Flavonoids by NMR and FTIR Spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15275. [PMID: 37894955 PMCID: PMC10607445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this report, we discuss the effects of undescribed flavone derivatives, HZ4 and SP9, newly isolated from the aerial parts of Hottonia palustris L. and Scleranthus perennis L. on membranes. Interaction of flavonoids with lipid bilayers is important for medicinal applications. The experiments were performed with FTIR and NMR techniques on liposomes prepared from DPPC (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine) and EYPC (egg yolk phosphatidylcholine). The data showed that the examined polyphenols incorporate into the polar head group region of DPPC phospholipids at both 25 °C and 45 °C. At the lower temperature, a slight effect in the spectral region of the ester carbonyl group is observed. In contrast, at 45 °C, both compounds bring about the changes in the spectral regions attributed to antisymmetric and symmetric stretching vibrations of CH2 and CH3 moieties. Similarly, as in DPPC lipids, the tested compounds interact with the fingerprint region of the polar head groups of the EYPC lipids and cause its reorganization. The outcomes obtained by NMR analyses confirmed the localization of both flavonoids in the polar heads zone. Unraveled effects of HZ4 and SP9 in respect to lipid bilayers can partly determine their biological activities and are crucial for their usability in medicine as disease-preventing phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Kapral-Piotrowska
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, ul. Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jakub W. Strawa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland; (J.W.S.); (K.J.); (M.T.)
| | - Katarzyna Jakimiuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland; (J.W.S.); (K.J.); (M.T.)
| | - Adrian Wiater
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, ul. Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland; (J.W.S.); (K.J.); (M.T.)
| | - Wiesław I. Gruszecki
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, ul. Pl. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Bożena Pawlikowska-Pawlęga
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, ul. Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
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11
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Maaroufi I, Jamsransuren D, Hashida K, Matsuda S, Ogawa H, Takeda Y. An Abies Extract Containing Nonvolatile Polyphenols Shows Virucidal Activity against SARS-CoV-2 That Is Enhanced in Increased pH Conditions. Pathogens 2023; 12:1093. [PMID: 37764901 PMCID: PMC10534523 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Researching the beneficial health properties of wood byproducts can prevent wastage by turning them into valuable resources. In this study, the virucidal activity of two extracts from Abies sachalinensis byproducts, ASE1, and ASE2, against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was investigated. ASE1 is rich in monoterpenoid volatile compounds, whereas ASE2 contains nonvolatile polyphenols. SARS-CoV-2 solutions were mixed with ASE1 or ASE2, and viral titer reduction was evaluated. At their original acidic pH, ASE2 showed stronger virucidal activity than ASE1. The virucidal activity of ASE2 was also significantly enhanced when pH was increased to neutral or basic, which was not the case for ASE1. At a neutral pH, ASE2 induced statistically significant viral titer reduction in 1 min. HCl and NaOH solutions, which had a pH close to that of acidic and basic ASE2 test mixtures, respectively, exhibited no virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2. Among the SARS-CoV-2 variants, Omicron showed the highest vulnerability to ASE2. Western blotting, RT-PCR, and electron microscopic analysis revealed that neutral ASE2 interacts with SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins and moderately disrupts the SARS-CoV-2 genome and viral envelope. These findings reveal the virucidal potential of ASE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Maaroufi
- Graduate School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences and Agriculture, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan;
| | - Dulamjav Jamsransuren
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan; (D.J.); (S.M.)
| | - Koh Hashida
- Department of Forest Resources Chemistry, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan;
| | - Sachiko Matsuda
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan; (D.J.); (S.M.)
| | - Haruko Ogawa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan;
| | - Yohei Takeda
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan; (D.J.); (S.M.)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan;
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12
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Thongkam P, Chaijan M, Cheong LZ, Panpipat W. Impact of Washing with Antioxidant-Infused Soda-Saline Solution on Gel Functionality of Mackerel ( Auxis thazard) Surimi. Foods 2023; 12:3178. [PMID: 37685111 PMCID: PMC10487100 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mackerel (Auxis thazard), a tropical dark-fleshed fish, has the potential to be used in the production of surimi. It is necessary to identify the optimal washing method to make better use of this species since efficient washing is the most important step in surimi processing to ensure maximal gelling and high-quality surimi. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of cold carbonated water (CW) with NaCl and antioxidants in washing media, so-called antioxidant-infused soda-saline solution, on lipid and myoglobin removal efficacy, biochemical characteristics, gelling properties, sensory features, and the oxidative stability of mackerel surimi in comparison with unwashed mince (T1) and conventional water washed surimi (T2). Mackerel mince was washed with CW in the presence of 0.6% NaCl at a medium to mince ratio of 3:1 (v/w) without antioxidant (T3) or with the addition of 1.5 mM EDTA plus 0.2% (w/v) sodium erythorbate and 0.2% sodium tripolyphosphate (T4), 100 mg/L gallic acid (T5), and 5 mM citric acid containing 8 mM calcium chloride (T6). During the first washing cycle, the antioxidants were mixed into the washing medium. The second and third washing cycles were then completed with cold water. The yields of all treatments were roughly 75-83%, based on the gross weight of the raw mince. The pH of the surimi was in a range of 5.47-6.46. All of the surimi had higher reactive sulfhydryl (SH) content and surface hydrophobicity but lower Ca2+-ATPase activity than unwashed mince (p < 0.05). After washing, lipids decreased significantly (p < 0.05), accounted for a 65-76% reduction. The T2 surimi had the highest peroxide value (PV). T1 had the lowest conjugated diene value. T1 and T4 surimi had the lowest TBARS value (p < 0.05). A lower non-heme iron level was found in all antioxidant-treated samples than in T1. Washing can increase the redox stability of myoglobin regardless of the washing media, as seen by the relatively low metmyoglobin levels. According to the dynamic viscoelastic behavior, all surimi and unwashed mince underwent the same degree of sol-gel transition following heat gelation. T1 showed the lowest breaking force, deformation, gel strength, and whiteness (p < 0.05). Surimi made from T4 or T5 had the highest gel strength when both breaking and deformation were considered, but the latter's expressible drip was noticeably higher. Surimi gel appears to be stabilized against lipid oxidation, as demonstrated by low PV and TBARS levels, when produced with T4. Because of the low level of TBARS, all 10 panelists rated rancid odor as low (~1 out of 4), with no significant variations across treatments. Only treatments with T4 and T6 tended to have a lower fishy odor score as compared to unwashed mince. Scanning electron microscope demonstrated that surimi gels washed with all washing media exhibited microstructures that were very comparable, with the exception of the T6 treatment, which had big pores and aggregates. Based on the quality features, T4 appeared to be the optimal medium to enhance the gel functionality of mackerel surimi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Porntip Thongkam
- Food Technology and Innovation Research Center of Excellence, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (P.T.); (W.P.)
| | - Manat Chaijan
- Food Technology and Innovation Research Center of Excellence, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (P.T.); (W.P.)
| | - Ling-Zhi Cheong
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Worawan Panpipat
- Food Technology and Innovation Research Center of Excellence, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (P.T.); (W.P.)
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13
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Suominen E, Savila S, Sillanpää M, Damlin P, Karonen M. Affinity of Tannins to Cellulose: A Chromatographic Tool for Revealing Structure-Activity Patterns. Molecules 2023; 28:5370. [PMID: 37513244 PMCID: PMC10384774 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Food, feed and beverage processing brings tannins into contact with macromolecules, such as proteins and polysaccharides, leading to different chemical and physical interactions. The interactions of tannins with proteins are well known but less is known about the affinity of tannins to polysaccharides. We used bacterial cellulose from nata de coco as a model compound to investigate how tannins and cellulose interact by adsorption measurements using UPLC-DAD. We also explored how the structure of tannins influences these interactions. The model tannins included nine individual structurally different hydrolysable tannins (HTs) and eight well-defined proanthocyanidin (PA) fractions with different monomeric units, mean degree of polymerization and both A- and B-type linkages. Tannins were found to have both strong and weak interactions with bacterial cellulose, depending on the exact structure of the tannin. For HTs, the main structural features affecting the interactions were the structural flexibility of the HT molecule and the number of free galloyl groups. For PAs, prodelphinidins were found to have a higher affinity to cellulose than procyanidins. Similarly to HTs, the presence of free galloyl groups in galloylated PAs and the flexibility of the PA molecule led to a stronger interaction. Adsorption measurements by UPLC-DAD proved to be a sensitive and rapid tool to evaluate the affinity of tannins to cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essi Suominen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Santeri Savila
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Mimosa Sillanpää
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Pia Damlin
- Materials Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Maarit Karonen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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14
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Sillanpää M, Engström MT, Tähtinen P, Green RJ, Käpylä J, Näreaho A, Karonen M. Tannins Can Have Direct Interactions with Anthelmintics: Investigations by Isothermal Titration Calorimetry. Molecules 2023; 28:5261. [PMID: 37446937 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant tannins are known for their anthelmintic and antiparasitic activities and have been increasingly studied to battle the ever-growing problem of anthelmintic resistance. While tannins have been shown to exhibit these activities on their own, one approach would be to use them as complementary nutrients alongside commercial anthelmintics. So far, research on the interactions between tannins and anthelmintics is limited, and few studies have reported both synergistic and antagonistic effects depending on the type of tannin and the method used. These interactions could either strengthen or weaken the efficacy of commercial anthelmintics, especially if tannin-rich diets are combined with anthelmintics used as oral drenches. To study these interactions, a series of hydrolysable tannins (HTs) was selected, and their direct interactions with thiabendazole (TBZ) were evaluated by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), which allowed the detection of the exothermic interaction but also the roles and significances of different structural features of HTs in these interactions. Our results show that HTs can have a direct interaction with the benzimidazole anthelmintic TBZ and that the interaction is strengthened by increasing the number of free galloyl groups and the overall molecular flexibility of HTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimosa Sillanpää
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Marica T Engström
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Petri Tähtinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Rebecca J Green
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 224, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Jarmo Käpylä
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Anu Näreaho
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maarit Karonen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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15
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Dai YH, Wei JR, Chen XQ. Interactions between tea polyphenols and nutrients in food. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:3130-3150. [PMID: 37195216 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Tea polyphenols (TPs) are important secondary metabolites in tea and are active in the food and drug industry because of their rich biological activities. In diet and food production, TPs are often in contact with other food nutrients, affecting their respective physicochemical properties and functional activity. Therefore, the interaction between TPs and food nutrients is a very important topic. In this review, we describe the interactions between TPs and food nutrients such as proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids, highlight the forms of their interactions, and discuss the changes in structure, function, and activity resulting from their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hui Dai
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Ru Wei
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Chen
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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16
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Duda-Madej A, Kozłowska J, Baczyńska D, Krzyżek P. Ether Derivatives of Naringenin and Their Oximes as Factors Modulating Bacterial Adhesion. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1076. [PMID: 37370395 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of the close connection between adhesion and many vital cellular functions, the search for new compounds modulating the adhesion of bacteria belonging to the intestinal microbiota is a great challenge and a clinical need. Based on our previous studies, we discovered that O-lkyl naringenin derivatives and their oximes exhibit antimicrobial activity against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. The current study was aimed at determining the modulatory effect of these compounds on the adhesion of selected representatives of the intestinal microbiota: Escherichia coli, a commensal representative of the intestinal microbiota, and Enterococcus faecalis, a bacterium that naturally colonizes the intestines but has disease-promoting potential. To better reflect the variety of real-life scenarios, we performed these studies using two different intestinal cell lines: the physiologically functioning ("healthy") 3T3-L1 cell line and the disease-mimicking, cancerous HT-29 line. The study was performed in vitro under static and microfluidic conditions generated by the Bioflux system. We detected the modulatory effect of the tested O-alkyl naringenin derivatives on bacterial adhesion, which was dependent on the cell line studied and was more significant for E. coli than for E. faecalis. In addition, it was noticed that this activity was affected by the concentration of the tested compound and its structure (length of the carbon chain). In summary, O-alkyl naringenin derivatives and their oximes possess a promising modulatory effect on the adhesion of selected representatives of the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Duda-Madej
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 4, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Kozłowska
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dagmara Baczyńska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Krzyżek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 4, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
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17
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Goncharuk EA, Zagoskina NV. Heavy Metals, Their Phytotoxicity, and the Role of Phenolic Antioxidants in Plant Stress Responses with Focus on Cadmium: Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093921. [PMID: 37175331 PMCID: PMC10180413 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The current state of heavy metal (HM) environmental pollution problems was considered in the review: the effects of HMs on the vital activity of plants and the functioning of their antioxidant system, including phenolic antioxidants. The latter performs an important function in the distribution and binding of metals, as well as HM detoxification in the plant organism. Much attention was focused on cadmium (Cd) ions as one of the most toxic elements for plants. The data on the accumulation of HMs, including Cd in the soil, the entry into plants, and the effect on their various physiological and biochemical processes (photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration, and water regime) were analyzed. Some aspects of HMs, including Cd, inactivation in plant tissues, and cell compartments, are considered, as well as the functioning of various metabolic pathways at the stage of the stress reaction of plant cells under the action of pollutants. The data on the effect of HMs on the antioxidant system of plants, the accumulation of low molecular weight phenolic bioantioxidants, and their role as ligand inactivators were summarized. The issues of polyphenol biosynthesis regulation under cadmium stress were considered. Understanding the physiological and biochemical role of low molecular antioxidants of phenolic nature under metal-induced stress is important in assessing the effect/aftereffect of Cd on various plant objects-the producers of these secondary metabolites are widely used for the health saving of the world's population. This review reflects the latest achievements in the field of studying the influence of HMs, including Cd, on various physiological and biochemical processes of the plant organism and enriches our knowledge about the multifunctional role of polyphenols, as one of the most common secondary metabolites, in the formation of plant resistance and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia A Goncharuk
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V Zagoskina
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia
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18
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Strawa JW, Jakimiuk K, Pawlikowska-Pawlęga B, Gruszecki WI, Kapral-Piotrowska J, Wiater A, Tomczyk M. Polar localization of new flavonoids from aerial parts of Scleranthus perennis and Hottonia palustris and their modulatory action on lipid membranes properties. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184142. [PMID: 36848998 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize, for the first time, the interactions, location, and influence of flavonoids isolated from aerial parts of Scleranthus perennis (Caryophyllaceae) and Hottonia palustris (Primulaceae) on the properties of model lipid membranes prepared from dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (EYPC). The tested compounds incorporated into liposomes into the region of the polar heads or at the water/membrane interface of DPPC phospholipids. Spectral effects accompanying the presence of polyphenols revealed their effect on ester carbonyl groups apart from SP8. All polyphenols brought about reorganization of the polar zone of liposomes as it was observed by FTIR technique. Additionally, fluidization effect was noted in the region of symmetric and antisymmetric stretching vibrations of the CH2 and CH3 groups with exception to HZ2 and HZ3. Similarly, in EYPC liposomes, they interacted mainly with the regions of the choline heads of the lipids and had various effects on the carbonyl ester groups with exception to SP8. The region of polar head groups is restructured due to the presence of the additives in liposomes. The outcomes obtained using the NMR technique confirmed the locations of all of the tested compounds in the polar zone and indicated a flavonoid-dependent modifying effect towards lipid membranes. HZ1 and SP8 raised motional freedom in this region whereas opposite effect was revealed for HZ2 and HZ3. In the hydrophobic region restricted mobility was noted. In this report we discuss the mechanism of previously undescribed flavonoids in terms of their actions on membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub W Strawa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Jakimiuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Bożena Pawlikowska-Pawlęga
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, ul. Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Wiesław I Gruszecki
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, ul. Pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Justyna Kapral-Piotrowska
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, ul. Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Adrian Wiater
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, ul. Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland.
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19
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Parinandi NL, Liaugminas A, Oliver PJ, Varadharaj S, Yenigalla A, Elliott AC, Arutla S, Campbell SJ, Kotha SR, Sherwani SI, Kutala VK, McDaniel JC, Maddipati KR, Kuppusamy P, Hund TJ. Classic Phytochemical Antioxidant and Lipoxygenase Inhibitor, Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid, Activates Phospholipase D through Oxidant Signaling and Tyrosine Phosphorylation Leading to Cytotoxicity in Lung Vascular Endothelial Cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023:10.1007/s12013-023-01128-1. [PMID: 36820994 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), a dicatechol and phytochemical polyphenolic antioxidant and an established inhibitor of human arachidonic acid (AA) 5-lipoxygenase (LOX) and 15-LOX, is widely used to ascertain the role of LOXs in vascular endothelial cell (EC) function. As the modulatory effect of NDGA on phospholipase D (PLD), an important lipid signaling enzyme in ECs, thus far has not been reported, here we have investigated the modulation of PLD activity and its regulation by NDGA in the bovine pulmonary artery ECs (BPAECs). NDGA induced the activation of PLD (phosphatidic acid formation) in cells in a dose- and time-dependent fashion that was significantly attenuated by iron chelator and antioxidants. NDGA induced the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner as evidenced from fluorescence microscopy and fluorimetry of ROS and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of oxygen radicals. Also, NDGA caused a dose-dependent loss of intracellular glutathione (GSH) in BPAECs. Protein tyrosine kinase (PTyK)-specific inhibitors significantly attenuated NDGA-induced PLD activation in BPAECs. NDGA also induced a dose- and time-dependent phosphorylation of tyrosine in proteins in cells. NDGA caused in situ translocation and relocalization of both PLD1 and PLD2 isoforms, in a time-dependent fashion. Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors were ineffective in attenuating NDGA-induced PLD activation in BPAECs, thus ruling out the activation of COXs by NDGA. NDGA inhibited the AA-LOX activity and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) formation in cells. On the other hand, the 5-LOX-specific inhibitors, 5, 8, 11, 14-eicosatetraynoic acid and kaempferol, were ineffective in activating PLD in BPAECs. Antioxidants and PTyK-specific inhibitors effectively attenuated NDGA cytotoxicity in BPAECs. The PLD-specific inhibitor, 5-fluoro-2-indolyl deschlorohalopemide (FIPI), significantly attenuated and protected against the NDGA-induced PLD activation and cytotoxicity in BPAECs. For the first time, these results demonstrated that NDGA, the classic phytochemical polyphenolic antioxidant and LOX inhibitor, activated PLD causing cytotoxicity in ECs through upstream oxidant signaling and protein tyrosine phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasimham L Parinandi
- Lipid Signaling, Lipidomics, and Vasculotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Alex Liaugminas
- Lipid Signaling, Lipidomics, and Vasculotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Patrick J Oliver
- Lipid Signaling, Lipidomics, and Vasculotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Saradhadevi Varadharaj
- Lipid Signaling, Lipidomics, and Vasculotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Anita Yenigalla
- Lipid Signaling, Lipidomics, and Vasculotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Austin C Elliott
- Lipid Signaling, Lipidomics, and Vasculotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sukruthi Arutla
- Lipid Signaling, Lipidomics, and Vasculotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Steven J Campbell
- Lipid Signaling, Lipidomics, and Vasculotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sainath R Kotha
- Lipid Signaling, Lipidomics, and Vasculotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Shariq I Sherwani
- Lipid Signaling, Lipidomics, and Vasculotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Vijay K Kutala
- Lipid Signaling, Lipidomics, and Vasculotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jodi C McDaniel
- Lipid Signaling, Lipidomics, and Vasculotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Krishna Rao Maddipati
- Department of Pathology and Lipidomics Core Facility, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Periannan Kuppusamy
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Thomas J Hund
- Lipid Signaling, Lipidomics, and Vasculotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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20
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Florek M, Domaradzki P, Skałecki P, Stryjecka M, Tajchman K, Kaliniak-Dziura A, Teter A, Kędzierska-Matysek M. Antioxidant Properties and Proximate Composition of Different Tissues of European Beaver. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248973. [PMID: 36558104 PMCID: PMC9785240 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition, content of cholesterol, retinol and α-tocopherol, and the total antioxidant capacity of different tissues from wild beavers were investigated. The total phenolic contents and free radical scavenging activity (DPPH and ABTS assays) were analysed spectrophotometrically, and fat-soluble vitamins were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. The type of tissue (skeletal muscle from loin and hind leg vs. adipose tissue from subcutaneous fat and tail) significantly affected content of all chemical components. The concentration of cholesterol was not related to total fat content. The retinol and α-tocopherol contents (µg/100 g) were significantly higher in the tail (13.0 and 391.2) and subcutaneous fat (12.2 and 371.3) compared to skeletal muscles (as an average 9.1 and 361.4). Among all tissues the tail showed significantly the highest values of DPPH (3.07 mM TE/100 g), ABTS (3.33 mM TE/100 g), and total phenolics (TPC, 543.7 mg GAE/100 g). The concentration of retinol was positively correlated with α-tocopherol (0.748, p < 0.001), and both vitamins were very strongly correlated with DPPH (0.858 and 0.886, p < 0.001), ABTS (0.894 and 0.851, p < 0.001), and TPC (0.666 and 0.913, p < 0.001). The principal component analysis proved that moisture, ash, and protein contents were representative for skeletal muscles, whereas, retinol, α-tocopherol, ABTS and DPPH accurately described the antioxidant capacity of tissue from the tail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Florek
- Department of Quality Assessment and Processing of Animal Products, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Domaradzki
- Department of Quality Assessment and Processing of Animal Products, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (P.D.); (P.S.); Tel.: +48-81-445-6650 (P.D.); +48-81-445-6621 (P.S.)
| | - Piotr Skałecki
- Department of Quality Assessment and Processing of Animal Products, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (P.D.); (P.S.); Tel.: +48-81-445-6650 (P.D.); +48-81-445-6621 (P.S.)
| | - Małgorzata Stryjecka
- The Institute of Human Nutrition Science and Agricultural, University College of Applied Sciences in Chełm, Pocztowa 54, 22-100 Chełm, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Tajchman
- Department of Animal Ethology and Wildlife Management, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kaliniak-Dziura
- Department of Quality Assessment and Processing of Animal Products, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Teter
- Department of Quality Assessment and Processing of Animal Products, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Kędzierska-Matysek
- Department of Quality Assessment and Processing of Animal Products, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
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21
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Biochemistry of Antioxidants: Mechanisms and Pharmaceutical Applications. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123051. [PMID: 36551806 PMCID: PMC9776363 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural antioxidants from fruits and vegetables, meats, eggs and fish protect cells from the damage caused by free radicals. They are widely used to reduce food loss and waste, minimizing lipid oxidation, as well as for their effects on health through pharmaceutical preparations. In fact, the use of natural antioxidants is among the main efforts made to relieve the pressure on natural resources and to move towards more sustainable food and pharmaceutical systems. Alternative food waste management approaches include the valorization of by-products as a source of phenolic compounds for functional food formulations. In this review, we will deal with the chemistry of antioxidants, including their molecular structures and reaction mechanisms. The biochemical aspects will also be reviewed, including the effects of acidity and temperature on their partitioning in binary and multiphasic systems. The poor bioavailability of antioxidants remains a huge constraint for clinical applications, and we will briefly describe some delivery systems that provide for enhanced pharmacological action of antioxidants via drug targeting and increased bioavailability. The pharmacological activity of antioxidants can be improved by designing nanotechnology-based formulations, and recent nanoformulations include nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, liposomes/proliposomes, phytosomes and solid lipid nanoparticles, all showing promising outcomes in improving the efficiency and bioavailability of antioxidants. Finally, an overview of the pharmacological effects, therapeutic properties and future choice of antioxidants will be incorporated.
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22
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Cyboran-Mikołajczyk S, Bonarska-Kujawa D, Męczarska K, Krawczyk-Łebek A, Kostrzewa-Susłow E. Novel O-Methylglucoside Derivatives of Flavanone in Interaction with Model Membrane and Transferrin. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:978. [PMID: 36295737 PMCID: PMC9609356 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12100978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids were biotransformed using various microorganisms, in order to obtain new compounds with potentially high biological activity. The aim of this work was to determine and compare the biological activity of four novel 6-methylflavanone O-methylglucosides. The tested compounds have the same flavonoid core structure and an attached O-methylglucose and hydroxyl group at different positions of ring A or B. The studies on their biological activity were conducted in relation to phosphatidylcholine membrane, erythrocytes and their membrane, and with human transferrin. These studies determined the compounds' toxicity and their impact on the physical properties of the membranes. Furthermore, the binding ability of the compounds to holo-transferrin was investigated. The obtained results indicate that used compounds bind to erythrocytes, change their shape and decrease osmotic fragility but do not disrupt the membrane structure. Furthermore, the used compounds ordered the area of the polar heads of lipids and increased membrane fluidity. However, the results indicate the binding of these compounds in the hydrophilic region of the membranes, like other flavonoid glycosides. The used flavanones formed complexes with transferrin without inducing conformational changes in the protein's structure. The relationship between their molecular structure and biological activity was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Cyboran-Mikołajczyk
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dorota Bonarska-Kujawa
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Męczarska
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Krawczyk-Łebek
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Edyta Kostrzewa-Susłow
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
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23
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Cyboran-Mikołajczyk S, Męczarska K, Solarska-Ściuk K, Ratajczak-Wielgomas K, Oszmiański J, Jencova V, Bonarska-Kujawa D. Protection of Erythrocytes and Microvascular Endothelial Cells against Oxidative Damage by Fragaria vesca L. and Rubus idaeus L. Leaves Extracts-The Mechanism of Action. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27185865. [PMID: 36144602 PMCID: PMC9501125 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to determine the biological activity of ellagitannins rich extracts from leaves of raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) and wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) in relation to cells and cell membranes. Detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds of the extract was made using chromatographic methods. Cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of tested extracts in relation to erythrocytes and human vascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) were determined by using fluorimetric and spectrophotometric methods. In order to establish the influence of the extracts on the physical properties of the membrane, such as osmotic resistance and erythrocytes shapes, mobility and/or hydration of polar heads and fluidity of hydrocarbon chains of membrane lipids, microscopic and spectroscopic methods were used. The results showed that the extracts are non-toxic for erythrocytes and HMEC-1 cells (up to concentration of 50 µg/mL), but they effectively protect cells and their membranes against oxidative damage. The increase in osmotic resistance of erythrocytes, formation of echinocytes and changes only in the polar part of the membrane caused by the extracts demonstrate their location mainly in the hydrophilic part of the membrane. The results indicate that tested extracts have high biological activities and may be potentially used in delaying the ageing process of organisms and prevention of many diseases, especially those associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Cyboran-Mikołajczyk
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-713205275; Fax: +48-713205167
| | - Katarzyna Męczarska
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Solarska-Ściuk
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Jan Oszmiański
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Vera Jencova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Dorota Bonarska-Kujawa
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
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