1
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Kuciel T, Wieczorek P, Rajchel-Mieldzioć P, Wytrwał M, Zapotoczny S, Szuwarzyński M. Surface-grafted macromolecular nanowires with pedant fluorescein chromophores by dense non-aggregated nanoarchitectonics as versatile photoactive platforms. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 670:182-190. [PMID: 38761571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a facile method of synthesis and modification of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) brushes with 6-aminofluorescein (6AF) molecules. Polymer brushes were obtained using surface-grafted atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) and functionalized in the presence of triethylamine (TEA) acting both as a reaction catalyst and an agent preventing aggregation of chromophores. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), FTIR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to study the structure and formation of obtained photoactive platforms. UV-Vis absorption and emission spectroscopy and confocal microscopy were conducted to investigate photoactivity of chromophores within the macromolecular matrix. Owing to the simplicity of fabrication and good ordering of the chromophore in a thin nanometric layer, the proposed method may open new opportunities for obtaining light sensors, photovoltaic devices, or other light-harvesting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kuciel
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Wieczorek
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland; Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Paulina Rajchel-Mieldzioć
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wytrwał
- AGH University of Krakow, Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Szczepan Zapotoczny
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland; AGH University of Krakow, Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Michał Szuwarzyński
- AGH University of Krakow, Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
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2
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Torres-Moya I. Powerful Role of Benzotriazole Polymers and Small Molecules in Organic Solar Cells. Chempluschem 2024:e202400267. [PMID: 38797708 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In the dynamic landscape of renewable energy technologies, organic solar cells (OSCs) have emerged as frontrunners, offering a sustainable and promising alternative for harnessing solar energy. This review article delves into the recent strides made in leveraging the potential of the benzotriazole nucleus within the context of organic solar cells. The unique electronic properties of benzotriazole, coupled with its structural adaptability, position it as a key component in the pursuit of enhancing OSC performance. As researchers delve deeper into the intricacies of this compound, a clearer understanding of its impact on light absorption, charge transport, and overall device stability emerges. The exploration of recent literature in the last three years reveals a rich landscape with innovation and discovery, showcasing the diverse approaches taken to incorporate benzotriazole into different OSC architectures. From fundamental studies elucidating its electronic interactions to applied research refining its integration strategies, the potential of benzotriazole in advancing the capabilities of organic solar cells becomes increasingly evident, and showing that, with the most important advances in the last three years, is the main goal of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Torres-Moya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Murcia Faculty of Chemistry, c/Campus Universitario s/n. Campus of Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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3
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Favero S, Stephens IEL, Titirci MM. Anion Exchange Ionomers: Design Considerations and Recent Advances - An Electrochemical Perspective. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308238. [PMID: 37891006 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline-based electrochemical devices, such as anion exchange membrane (AEM) fuel cells and electrolyzers, are receiving increasing attention. However, while the catalysts and membrane are methodically studied, the ionomer is largely overlooked. In fact, most of the studies in alkaline electrolytes are conducted using the commercial proton exchange ionomer Nafion. The ionomer provides ionic conductivity; it is also essential for gas transport and water management, as well as for controlling the mechanical stability and the morphology of the catalyst layer. Moreover, the ionomer has distinct requirements that differ from those of anion-exchange membranes, such as a high gas permeability, and that depend on the specific electrode, such as water management. As a result, it is necessary to tailor the ionomer structure to the specific application in isolation and as part of the catalyst layer. In this review, an overview of the current state of the art for anion exchange ionomers is provided, summarizing their specific requirements and limitations in the context of AEM electrolyzers and fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Favero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, England, SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Ifan E L Stephens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, England, SW7 2BU, UK
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4
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Văduva M, Burlănescu T, Baibarac M. Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Derivatives with Conducting Polymers and Their Applications in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells and Supercapacitors. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:53. [PMID: 38201718 PMCID: PMC10780706 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent progress concerning the development of counter electrode material (CE) from the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and the electrode material (EM) within supercapacitors is reviewed. From composites based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and conducting polymers (CPs) to their biggest competitor, namely composites based on graphene or graphene derivate (GD) and CPs, there are many methods of synthesis that influence the morphology and the functionalization inside the composite, making them valuable candidates for EM both inside DSSCs and in supercapacitors devices. From the combination of CPs with carbon-based materials, such as CNT and graphene or GD, the perfect network is created, and so the charge transfer takes place faster and more easily. Inside composites, between the functional groups of the components, different functionalizations are formed, namely covalent or non-covalent, which further provide the so-called synergic effect. Inside CPs/CNTs, CNTs could play the role of template but could also be wrapped in a CP film due to π-π coupling enhancing the composite conductivity. Active in regenerating the redox couple I-/I3-, the weakly bound electrons play a key role inside CPs/GD composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Văduva
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor Street, No 405 A, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (T.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Teodora Burlănescu
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor Street, No 405 A, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (T.B.); (M.B.)
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Atomistilor Street, No 405, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Mihaela Baibarac
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor Street, No 405 A, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (T.B.); (M.B.)
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5
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Cimrová V, Babičová P, Guesmi M, Výprachtický D. Donor-Acceptor Copolymers with 9-(2-Ethylhexyl)carbazole or Dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide Donor Units and 5,6-Difluorobenzo[ c][1,2,5]thiadiazole Acceptor Units for Photonics. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2939. [PMID: 37999292 PMCID: PMC10675554 DOI: 10.3390/nano13222939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting polymers, particularly of the third generation, including donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymers, are extensively studied due to their huge potential for photonic and electronic applications. Here, we report on two new D-A copolymers, CP1 and CP2, composed of different electron-donor (D) units: 9-(2-ethylhexyl)carbazole or dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide, respectively, and of 4,7-bis(4'-(2-octyldodecyl)thiophen-2'-yl)-5,6-difluorobenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole building block with central 5,6-difluorobenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole electron-acceptor (A) units, which were synthesized by Suzuki coupling in the high-boiling solvent xylene and characterized. The copolymers exhibited very good thermal and oxidation stability. A copolymer CP1 with different molecular weights was prepared in order to facilitate a comparison of CP1 with CP2 of comparable molecular weight and to reveal the relationship between molecular weight and properties. The photophysical, electrochemical, and electroluminescence properties were examined. Intense red photoluminescence (PL) with higher PL efficiencies for CP1 than for CP2 was observed in both solutions and films. Red shifts in the PL thin film spectra compared with the PL solution spectra indicated aggregate formation in the solid state. X-ray diffraction measurements revealed differences in the arrangement of molecules in thin films depending on the molecular weight of the copolymers. Light-emitting devices with efficient red emission and low onset voltages were prepared and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Věra Cimrová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic (D.V.)
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6
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Cimrová V, Výprachtický D, Růžička A, Pokorná V. Carbazole-Fluorene Copolymers with Various Substituents at the Carbazole Nitrogen: Structure-Properties Relationship. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2932. [PMID: 37447577 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbazole derivatives, carbazole-containing polymers and iridium complexes are of interest due to many possible applications in photonics, electronics and biology, particularly as active or hole-transporting layers in organic as well as perovskite devices due to their interesting properties. Here, a series of carbazole-fluorene conjugated copolymers with various substituents at the N-carbazole position (2-methoxycarbonylethyl, 2-carboxyethyl, 2-ethylhexyl, and nonan-2,4-dionatoiridium(III)bis(2-phenylpyridine-N,C2')-9-yl) was prepared by Suzuki coupling. Their photophysical, electrochemical and electroluminescence (EL) properties were studied. Effects of molecular weight and substituents attached to carbazole unit on their properties are reported. The carbazole-fluorene copolymers in dilute solutions exhibited intense photoluminescence (PL) emission in the blue spectral region with high PL quantum yields (78-87%) except for the copolymer with the iridium complex (23%). Similar PL spectra were observed in dilute solutions. More pronounced differences were found in thin film PL and EL properties due to excimer/aggregate formation. Light-emitting devices (LEDs) made of copolymers with 2-ethylhexyl as N-carbazole substituent exhibited efficient EL emission with the best performance and the lowest EL onset voltages (3-4 V), while the LEDs made of copolymers with other substituents were not as efficient, but showed anomalous behavior and memory effects in current-voltage characteristics promising also for bio-inspired electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Věra Cimrová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Drahomír Výprachtický
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Pokorná
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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7
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Pociask-Bialy M. Polyethylene Protective Coating with Anti-Reflective Properties for Silicon Photovoltaic Cells. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16114004. [PMID: 37297140 DOI: 10.3390/ma16114004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to find the effect of polyethylene (PE) coatings on the short-circuit current of silicon photovoltaic cells covered with glass, in order to improve the short-circuit current of the cells. Various combinations of PE films (thicknesses ranging from 9 to 23 µm, number of layers ranging from two to six) with glasses (greenhouse, float, optiwhite and acrylic glass) were investigated. The best current gain of 4.05% was achieved for the coating combining a 1.5 mm thick acrylic glass with 2 × 12 µm thick PE films. This effect can be related to the formation of an array of micro-wrinkles and micrometer-sized air bubbles with a diameter of 50 to 600 µm in the films, which served as micro-lenses and enhanced light trapping.
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8
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Electrodeposition of polypyrrole for high-performance zinc ion battery. J Solid State Electrochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-023-05417-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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9
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Al-Azzawi AGS, Aziz SB, Dannoun EMA, Iraqi A, Nofal MM, Murad AR, M. Hussein A. A Mini Review on the Development of Conjugated Polymers: Steps towards the Commercialization of Organic Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010164. [PMID: 36616512 PMCID: PMC9853510 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article covers the synthesis and design of conjugated polymers for carefully adjusting energy levels and energy band gap (EBG) to achieve the desired photovoltaic performance. The formation of bonds and the delocalization of electrons over conjugated chains are both explained by the molecular orbital theory (MOT). The intrinsic characteristics that classify conjugated polymers as semiconducting materials come from the EBG of organic molecules. A quinoid mesomeric structure (D-A ↔ D+ = A-) forms across the major backbones of the polymer as a result of alternating donor-acceptor segments contributing to the pull-push driving force between neighboring units, resulting in a smaller optical EBG. Furthermore, one of the most crucial factors in achieving excellent performance of the polymer is improving the morphology of the active layer. In order to improve exciton diffusion, dissociation, and charge transport, the nanoscale morphology ensures nanometer phase separation between donor and acceptor components in the active layer. It was demonstrated that because of the exciton's short lifetime, only small diffusion distances (10-20 nm) are needed for all photo-generated excitons to reach the interfacial region where they can separate into free charge carriers. There is a comprehensive explanation of the architecture of organic solar cells using single layer, bilayer, and bulk heterojunction (BHJ) devices. The short circuit current density (Jsc), open circuit voltage (Voc), and fill factor (FF) all have a significant impact on the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Since the BHJ concept was first proposed, significant advancement and quick configuration development of these devices have been accomplished. Due to their ability to combine great optical and electronic properties with strong thermal and chemical stability, conjugated polymers are unique semiconducting materials that are used in a wide range of applications. According to the fundamental operating theories of OSCs, unlike inorganic semiconductors such as silicon solar cells, organic photovoltaic devices are unable to produce free carrier charges (holes and electrons). To overcome the Coulombic attraction and separate the excitons into free charges in the interfacial region, organic semiconductors require an additional thermodynamic driving force. From the molecular engineering of conjugated polymers, it was discovered that the most crucial obstacles to achieving the most desirable properties are the design and synthesis of conjugated polymers toward optimal p-type materials. Along with plastic solar cells (PSCs), these materials have extended to a number of different applications such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and field-effect transistors (FETs). Additionally, the topics of fluorene and carbazole as donor units in conjugated polymers are covered. The Stille, Suzuki, and Sonogashira coupling reactions widely used to synthesize alternating D-A copolymers are also presented. Moreover, conjugated polymers based on anthracene that can be used in solar cells are covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed G. S. Al-Azzawi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Science, University of Mosul, Mosul 00964, Iraq
| | - Shujahadeen B. Aziz
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
- The Development Center for Research and Training (DCRT), University of Human Development, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
- Correspondence: (S.B.A.); (A.I.)
| | - Elham M. A. Dannoun
- Associate Chair of the Department of Mathematics and Science, Woman Campus, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Iraqi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
- Correspondence: (S.B.A.); (A.I.)
| | - Muaffaq M. Nofal
- Department of Mathematics and Science, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ary R. Murad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Medical and Applied Sciences, Charmo University, Chamchamal, Sulaimani 46023, Iraq
| | - Ahang M. Hussein
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
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10
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Koczoń P, Bartyzel B, Iuliano A, Klensporf-Pawlik D, Kowalska D, Majewska E, Tarnowska K, Zieniuk B, Gruczyńska-Sękowska E. Chemical Structures, Properties, and Applications of Selected Crude Oil-Based and Bio-Based Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245551. [PMID: 36559918 PMCID: PMC9783367 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing perspective of running out of crude oil followed by increasing prices for all crude oil-based materials, e.g., crude oil-based polymers, which have a huge number of practical applications but are usually neither biodegradable nor environmentally friendly, has resulted in searching for their substitutes-namely, bio-based polymers. Currently, both these types of polymers are used in practice worldwide. Owing to the advantages and disadvantages occurring among plastics with different origin, in this current review data on selected popular crude oil-based and bio-based polymers has been collected in order to compare their practical applications resulting from their composition, chemical structure, and related physical and chemical properties. The main goal is to compare polymers in pairs, which have the same or similar practical applications, regardless of different origin and composition. It has been proven that many crude oil-based polymers can be effectively replaced by bio-based polymers without significant loss of properties that ensure practical applications. Additionally, biopolymers have higher potential than crude oil-based polymers in many modern applications. It is concluded that the future of polymers will belong to bio-based rather than crude oil-based polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Koczoń
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Bartyzel
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Iuliano
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Klensporf-Pawlik
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, Poznan University of Economics and Business, 61-875 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dorota Kowalska
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Majewska
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Tarnowska
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Zieniuk
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eliza Gruczyńska-Sękowska
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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11
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Wu R, Wang X, Luo J, Liu X, Guo F, Li B, Wang S, Han P, Miao X. Photon-Energy-Dependent Reversible Charge Transfer Dynamics of Double Perovskite Nanocrystal-Polymer Nanocomposites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4300. [PMID: 36500927 PMCID: PMC9737154 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Combining steady-state photoluminescence and transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy, we have investigated the photoinduced charge transfer dynamics between lead-free Mn-doped Cs2NaIn0.75Bi0.25Cl6 double perovskite (DP) nanocrystals (NCs) and conjugated poly[2-methoxy-5-(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MDMO-PPV). Upon ultraviolet-A excitation, the photoinduced absorption feature of DP NCs/MDMO-PPV nanocomposites disappeared, and the stimulated emission weakened in the TA spectrum. This was due to charge transfer from the MDMO-PPV polymers to DP NCs. Upon a higher photon-energy ultraviolet-C excitation, stimulated emission and photoinduced absorption features vanished, indicating there existed a reversible charge transfer from DP NCs to MDMO-PPV polymers. Reversible charge transfer of Mn-doped DP NCs/MDMO-PPV nanocomposites was tuned by varying the excitation photon-energy. The manipulation of reversible charge transfer dynamics in the perovskite-polymer nanocomposites opens a new avenue for optical and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Measurement and Analysis of Shanxi Province, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Measurement and Analysis of Shanxi Province, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Jingjing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Measurement and Analysis of Shanxi Province, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Measurement and Analysis of Shanxi Province, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Fengjie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Measurement and Analysis of Shanxi Province, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Measurement and Analysis of Shanxi Province, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Shengzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Measurement and Analysis of Shanxi Province, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Peigeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiangyang Miao
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Measurement and Analysis of Shanxi Province, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
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12
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Antoniuk ER, Li P, Kailkhura B, Hiszpanski AM. Representing Polymers as Periodic Graphs with Learned Descriptors for Accurate Polymer Property Predictions. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:5435-5445. [PMID: 36315033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Accurately predicting new polymers' properties with machine learning models apriori to synthesis has potential to significantly accelerate new polymers' discovery and development. However, accurately and efficiently capturing polymers' complex, periodic structures in machine learning models remains a grand challenge for the polymer cheminformatics community. Specifically, there has yet to be an ideal solution for the problems of how to capture the periodicity of polymers, as well as how to optimally develop polymer descriptors without requiring human-based feature design. In this work, we tackle these problems by utilizing a periodic polymer graph representation that accounts for polymers' periodicity and coupling it with a message-passing neural network that leverages the power of graph deep learning to automatically learn chemically relevant polymer descriptors. Remarkably, this approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on 8 out of 10 distinct polymer property prediction tasks. These results highlight the advancement in predictive capability that is possible through learning descriptors that are specifically optimized for capturing the unique chemical structure of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan R Antoniuk
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550-5507, United States
| | - Peggy Li
- Global Security Computing Applications Division, Computing Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550-5507, United States
| | - Bhavya Kailkhura
- Machine Intelligence Group/Center for Applied Scientific Computing, Computing Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550-5507, United States
| | - Anna M Hiszpanski
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550-5507, United States
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13
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Smida N, Zaidi B, Althobaiti MG. Anthracene / Fluorescein based semi-conducting polymer for organic photovoltaics: Synthesis, DFT, optical and electrical properties. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Wilczewska P, Breczko J, Bobrowska DM, Wysocka-Żołopa M, Goclon J, Basa A, Winkler K. Enhancement of polypyrrole electrochemical performance with graphene quantum dots in polypyrrole nanoparticle/graphene quantum dot composites. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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15
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Kim M, Pham TC, Yang H, Park SH, Lee S. Syntheses and photovoltaic properties of polythiophene‐based copolymers as polymer matrix of quasi‐solid‐state electrolytes. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mi‐Ra Kim
- Department of Chemistry Pukyong National University Busan Korea
| | - Thanh Chung Pham
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea
| | - Hyun‐Seock Yang
- Department of Physics Pukyong National University Busan Korea
| | - Sung Heum Park
- Department of Physics Pukyong National University Busan Korea
| | - Songyi Lee
- Department of Chemistry Pukyong National University Busan Korea
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering Pukyong National University Busan Korea
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16
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Romero-Fierro D, Bustamante-Torres M, Bravo-Plascencia F, Magaña H, Bucio E. Polymer-Magnetic Semiconductor Nanocomposites for Industrial Electronic Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122467. [PMID: 35746043 PMCID: PMC9228222 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocomposite materials have acquired great importance, as have similar composite materials on a macroscopic scale, because the reinforcement complements the defects in the properties of the matrix, thus obtaining materials with better mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, among others. At the same time, the importance and research of polymeric nanocomposites reinforced with nanoparticles of various types have grown. Among those that have stood out the most in the electronics industry are polymeric matrices reinforced with nanoparticles that present dual behavior, that is, both magnetic and semiconductor. This property has been very well used in developing electronic devices such as televisions, computers, and smartphones, which are part of everyday life. In this sense, this review presents a compilation of the synthetic methods to produce polymer nanocomposites with dual magnetic and semiconductor behavior and their potential applications within electronic fields and new relevant trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Romero-Fierro
- Departamento de Química de Radiaciones y Radioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (D.R.-F.); (E.B.)
| | - Moises Bustamante-Torres
- Departamento de Química de Radiaciones y Radioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Francisco Bravo-Plascencia
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM, Toluca 50200, Mexico;
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacan 04510, Mexico
| | - Héctor Magaña
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Calzada Universidad 14418, Parque Industrial Internacional Tijuana, Tijuana 22390, Mexico;
| | - Emilio Bucio
- Departamento de Química de Radiaciones y Radioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (D.R.-F.); (E.B.)
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17
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Wang T, Zhang BY, Zhang HL. Singlet Fission Materials for Photovoltaics: from Small Molecules to Macromolecules. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200326. [PMID: 35703581 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) is a spin-allowed process in which a singlet state splits into two triplet states. Materials that enable SF have attracted great attention in the last decade, mainly stemming from the potential of overcoming the Shockley-Queisser (SQ) limit in photoenergy conversion. In the past decade, a large number of new molecules exhibiting SF have been explored and many devices based on SF materials have been studied, though the mechanistic understanding is still obscure. This review focuses on the recent developments of SF materials, including small molecules, oligomers and polymers. The molecular design strategies and related mechanisms of SF are discussed. Then the dynamics of charge transfer and energy transfer between SF materials and other materials are introduced. Further, we discuss the progresses of implementing SF in photovoltaics. It is hoped that a comprehensive understanding to the SF materials, devices and mechanism may pave a new way for the design of next generation photovoltaics. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China.,Prof. H. L. Zhang, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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18
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Yao Z, Zhang F, He L, Bi X, Guo Y, Guo Y, Wang L, Wan X, Chen Y, Sun L. Pyrene-Based Dopant-Free Hole-Transport Polymers with Fluorine-Induced Favorable Molecular Stacking Enable Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201847. [PMID: 35304803 PMCID: PMC9324121 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A new class of polymeric hole‐transport materials (HTMs) are explored by inserting a two‐dimensionally conjugated fluoro‐substituted pyrene into thiophene and selenophene polymeric chains. The broad conjugated plane of pyrene and “Lewis soft” selenium atoms not only enhance the π–π stacking of HTM molecules greatly but also render a strong interaction with the perovskite surface, leading to an efficient charge transport/transfer in both the HTM layer and the perovskite/HTM interface. Note that fluorine substitution adjacent to pyrene boosts the stacking of HTMs towards a more favorable face‐on orientation, further facilitating the efficient charge transport. As a result, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) employing PE10 as dopant‐free HTM afford an excellent efficiency of 22.3 % and the dramatically enhanced device longevity, qualifying it among the best PSCs based on dopant‐free HTMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden
| | - Fuguo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden
| | - Lanlan He
- Department of Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden
| | - Xingqi Bi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yaxiao Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden.,State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Linqin Wang
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Xiangjian Wan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Licheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden.,Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
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19
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Barzic AI, Albu RM, Stoica I, Varganici CD, Hulubei C. Polyimides containing cycloaliphatic units and chalcogen atoms as alternative shielding coatings for solar cells. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04283-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Polymers in High-Efficiency Solar Cells: The Latest Reports. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14101946. [PMID: 35631829 PMCID: PMC9143377 DOI: 10.3390/polym14101946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Third-generation solar cells, including dye-sensitized solar cells, bulk-heterojunction solar cells, and perovskite solar cells, are being intensively researched to obtain high efficiencies in converting solar energy into electricity. However, it is also important to note their stability over time and the devices' thermal or operating temperature range. Today's widely used polymeric materials are also used at various stages of the preparation of the complete device-it is worth mentioning that in dye-sensitized solar cells, suitable polymers can be used as flexible substrates counter-electrodes, gel electrolytes, and even dyes. In the case of bulk-heterojunction solar cells, they are used primarily as donor materials; however, there are reports in the literature of their use as acceptors. In perovskite devices, they are used as additives to improve the morphology of the perovskite, mainly as hole transport materials and also as additives to electron transport layers. Polymers, thanks to their numerous advantages, such as the possibility of practically any modification of their chemical structure and thus their physical and chemical properties, are increasingly used in devices that convert solar radiation into electrical energy, which is presented in this paper.
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21
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Yao Z, Zhang F, He L, Bi X, Guo Y, Guo Y, Wang L, Wan X, Chen Y, Sun L. Pyrene‐Based Dopant‐Free Hole‐Transport Polymers with Fluorine Induced Favorable Molecular Stacking Enable Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fuguo Zhang
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology: Kungliga Tekniska Hogskolan Chemistry SWEDEN
| | - Lanlan He
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology: Kungliga Tekniska Hogskolan Chemistry SWEDEN
| | | | | | - Yu Guo
- Westlake University School of Science CHINA
| | | | | | | | - Licheng Sun
- Westlake University Department of Chemistry Shilongshanjie 18Westlake University 310024 Hangzhou CHINA
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22
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Composite polyester yarn with photothermal conversion and phase change properties. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-02976-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Recent Progress in Organic Solar Cells: A Review on Materials from Acceptor to Donor. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27061800. [PMID: 35335164 PMCID: PMC8955087 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the last few decades, organic solar cells (OSCs) have drawn broad interest owing to their advantages such as being low cost, flexible, semitransparent, non-toxic, and ideal for roll-to-roll large-scale processing. Significant advances have been made in the field of OSCs containing high-performance active layer materials, electrodes, and interlayers, as well as novel device structures. Particularly, the innovation of active layer materials, including novel acceptors and donors, has contributed significantly to the power conversion efficiency (PCE) improvement in OSCs. In this review, high-performance acceptors, containing fullerene derivatives, small molecular, and polymeric non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), are discussed in detail. Meanwhile, highly efficient donor materials designed for fullerene- and NFA-based OSCs are also presented. Additionally, motivated by the incessant developments of donor and acceptor materials, recent advances in the field of ternary and tandem OSCs are reviewed as well.
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24
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Codoping triiodide anion in polypyrrole cathode: an effective route to increase the capacity of zinc-ion battery. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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π-Conjugated Polymers and Their Application in Organic and Hybrid Organic-Silicon Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040716. [PMID: 35215629 PMCID: PMC8877693 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution and emergence of organic solar cells and hybrid organic-silicon heterojunction solar cells have been deemed as promising sustainable future technologies, owing to the use of π-conjugated polymers. In this regard, the scope of this review article presents a comprehensive summary of the applications of π-conjugated polymers as hole transporting layers (HTLs) or emitters in both organic solar cells and organic-silicon hybrid heterojunction solar cells. The different techniques used to synthesize these polymers are discussed in detail, including their electronic band structure and doping mechanisms. The general architecture and principle of operating heterojunction solar cells is addressed. In both discussed solar cell types, incorporation of π-conjugated polymers as HTLs have seen a dramatic increase in efficiencies attained by these devices, owing to the high transmittance in the visible to near-infrared region, reduced carrier recombination, high conductivity, and high hole mobilities possessed by the p-type polymeric materials. However, these cells suffer from long-term stability due to photo-oxidation and parasitic absorptions at the anode interface that results in total degradation of the polymeric p-type materials. Although great progress has been seen in the incorporation of conjugated polymers in the various solar cell types, there is still a long way to go for cells incorporating polymeric materials to realize commercialization and large-scale industrial production due to the shortcomings in the stability of the polymers. This review therefore discusses the progress in using polymeric materials as HTLs in organic solar cells and hybrid organic-silicon heterojunction solar cells with the intention to provide insight on the quest of producing highly efficient but less expensive solar cells.
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26
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Yuan B, Aziz MRF, Li S, Wu J, Li D, Li RK. An electro-spun tri-component polymer biomaterial with optoelectronic properties for neuronal differentiation. Acta Biomater 2022; 139:82-90. [PMID: 34082104 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Optoelectronic biomaterials have recently emerged as a potential treatment option for neurodegenerative diseases, such as optic macular degeneration. Though initial works in the field have involved bulk heterojunctions mimicking solar panels with photovoltaics (PVs) and conductive polymers (CPs), recent developments have considered abandoning CPs in such systems. Here, we developed a simple antioxidant, biocompatible, and fibrous membrane heterojunction composed of photoactive polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), polycaprolactone (PCL) and polypyrrole (PPY), to facilitate neurogenesis of PC-12 cells when photo-stimulated in vitro. The photoactive prototype, referred to as PCL-P3HT/PPY, was fabricated via polymerization of pyrrole on electro-spun PCL-P3HT nanofibers to form a membrane. Four experimental groups, namely PCL alone, PCL/PPY, PCL-P3HT and PCL-P3HT/PPY, were tested. In the absence of the CP, PCL-P3HT demonstrated lower cell survival due to increased intracellular reactive oxygen/nitrogen species production. PCL-P3HT/PPY rescued these cells by virtue of scavenging radicals, where the CP, PPY, acted as an antioxidant. Apart from having lower impedance, the material also enhanced neurogenesis of PC-12 cells when photo-stimulated, compared to the traditional PCL-P3HT. Lastly, the in vitro system with PC-12 was used to demonstrate the practicality of the material for potential use as a cellular patch in optic and nerve regeneration. This work demonstrated the importance of maintaining PV-CP heterojunctions while simultaneously providing an optoelectrical platform for neural and optical tissue engineering. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Regeneration and repair of injured nervous systems have always been a major clinical challenge. Stem cell therapy is a promising approach for nerve regeneration, and opto-electrical stimulation, which converts light into an electrical signal, has been shown to efficiently regulate stem cell behaviors with enhanced neurogenesis. We developed a micro-fibrous membrane, composed of photoactive polymer, P3HT, scaffold material PCL and conductive polymer PPY. Our heterojunction system improved cell survival via PPY quenching PCL-P3HT-generated cell-damaging reactive oxygen species. PPY also conducted electrons produced from light-stimulated P3HT to promote neurogenesis. This photoactive microfiber biomaterial has great potential as a highly biocompatible and efficient platform to wirelessly promote neurogenesis and survival. Our approach thus showed possibilities with respect to optical tissue engineering.
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27
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Guo Y, He L, Guo J, Guo Y, Zhang F, Wang L, Yang H, Xiao C, Liu Y, Chen Y, Yao Z, Sun L. A Phenanthrocarbazole‐Based Dopant‐Free Hole‐Transport Polymer with Noncovalent Conformational Locking for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes School of Chemistry Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Lanlan He
- Department of Chemistry KTH Royal Institute of Technology 10044 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jiaxin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yu Guo
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels School of Science Westlake University Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Fuguo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry KTH Royal Institute of Technology 10044 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Linqin Wang
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels School of Science Westlake University Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Chemistry KTH Royal Institute of Technology 10044 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Chenhao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes School of Chemistry Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes School of Chemistry Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Zhaoyang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Licheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry KTH Royal Institute of Technology 10044 Stockholm Sweden
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels School of Science Westlake University Hangzhou 310024 China
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28
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Design of water-based polyvinyl alcohol coatings using a drying modifier to minimize the residual solvent and coating defects. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-021-01019-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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29
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Nanostructured Photothermal Materials for Environmental and Catalytic Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247552. [PMID: 34946627 PMCID: PMC8705453 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Solar energy is a green and sustainable clean energy source. Its rational use can alleviate the energy crisis and environmental pollution. Directly converting solar energy into heat energy is the most efficient method among all solar conversion strategies. Recently, various environmental and energy applications based on nanostructured photothermal materials stimulated the re-examination of the interfacial solar energy conversion process. The design of photothermal nanomaterials is demonstrated to be critical to promote the solar-to-heat energy conversion and the following physical and chemical processes. This review introduces the latest photothermal nanomaterials and their nanostructure modulation strategies for environmental (seawater evaporation) and catalytic (C1 conversion) applications. We present the research progress of photothermal seawater evaporation based on two-dimensional and three-dimensional porous materials. Then, we describe the progress of photothermal catalysis based on layered double hydroxide derived nanostructures, hydroxylated indium oxide nanostructures, and metal plasmonic nanostructures. Finally, we present our insights concerning the future development of this field.
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30
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Vlachopoulos N, Grätzel M, Hagfeldt A. Solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells using polymeric hole conductors. RSC Adv 2021; 11:39570-39581. [PMID: 35492491 PMCID: PMC9044557 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05911d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review presents the application of electronically conducting polymers (conducting polymers) as hole conductors in solid-state dye solar cells (S-DSSCs). At first, the basic principles of dye solar cell operation are presented. The next section deals with the principles of electrochemical polymerisation and its photoelectrochemical variety, the latter being an important, frequently-used technique for generating conducting polymers and hole conductors in DSSCs. Finally, two varieties of S-DSSC configurations, those of dry S-DSSC and of S-DSSCs incorporating a liquid electrolyte, are discussed. The theory and operational principles of solid-state dye-sensitised solar cells based on polymeric hole conductors are reviewed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Vlachopoulos
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 523 75120 Uppsala Sweden
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31
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Organic Nanostructured Materials for Sustainable Application in Next Generation Solar Cells. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112311324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Meeting our current energy demands requires a reliable and efficient renewable energy source that will bring balance between power generation and energy consumption. Organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs), perovskite solar cells and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are among the next-generation technologies that are progressing as potential sustainable renewable energy sources. Since the discoveries of highly conductive organic charge-transfer compounds in the 1950s, organic semiconductors have captured attention. Organic photovoltaic solar cells possess key characteristics ideal for emerging next-generation technologies such as being nontoxic, abundant, an inexpensive nanomaterial with ease of production, including production under ambient conditions. In this review article, we discuss recent methods developed towards improving the stability and average efficiency of nanostructured materials in OPVs aimed at sustainable agriculture and improve land-use efficiency. A comprehensive overview on developing cost-effective and user-friendly organic solar cells to contribute towards improved environmental stability is provided. We also summarize recent advances in the synthetic methods used to produce nanostructured active absorber layers of OPVs with improved efficiencies to supply the energy required towards ending poverty and protecting the planet.
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32
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Guo Y, He L, Guo J, Guo Y, Zhang F, Wang L, Yang H, Xiao C, Liu Y, Chen Y, Yao Z, Sun L. A Phenanthrocarbazole-Based Dopant-Free Hole-Transport Polymer with Noncovalent Conformational Locking for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114341. [PMID: 34806275 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adequate hole mobility is the prerequisite for dopant-free polymeric hole-transport materials (HTMs). Constraining the configurational variation of polymer chains to afford a rigid and planar backbone can reduce unfavorable reorganization energy and improve hole mobility. Herein, a noncovalent conformational locking via S-O secondary interaction is exploited in a phenanthrocarbazole (PC) based polymeric HTM, PC6, to fix the molecular geometry and significantly reduce reorganization energy. Systematic studies on structurally explicit repeats to targeted polymers reveals that the broad and planar backbone of PC remarkably enhances π-π stacking of adjacent polymers, facilitating intermolecular charge transfer greatly. The inserted "Lewis soft" oxygen atoms passivate the trap sites efficiently at the perovskite/HTM interface and further suppress interfacial recombination. Consequently, a PSC employing PC6 as a dopant-free HTM offers an excellent power conversion efficiency of 22.2 % and significantly improved longevity, rendering it as one of the best PSCs based on dopant-free HTMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Lanlan He
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jiaxin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Fuguo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linqin Wang
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chenhao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Licheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
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Szuwarzyński M, Wolski K, Kruk T, Zapotoczny S. Macromolecular strategies for transporting electrons and excitation energy in ordered polymer layers. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Zidan MN, Everitt N, Ismail T, Fahim IS. Organic Solar Cells Parameters Extraction and Characterization Techniques. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193224. [PMID: 34641041 PMCID: PMC8512755 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic photovoltaic research is continuing in order to improve the efficiency and stability of the products. Organic devices have recently demonstrated excellent efficiency, bringing them closer to the market. Understanding the relationship between the microscopic parameters of the device and the conditions under which it is prepared and operated is essential for improving performance at the device level. This review paper emphasizes the importance of the parameter extraction stage for organic solar cell investigations by offering various device models and extraction methodologies. In order to link qualitative experimental measurements to quantitative microscopic device parameters with a minimum number of experimental setups, parameter extraction is a valuable step. The number of experimental setups directly impacts the pace and cost of development. Several experimental and material processing procedures, including the use of additives, annealing, and polymer chain engineering, are discussed in terms of their impact on the parameters of organic solar cells. Various analytical, numerical, hybrid, and optimization methods were introduced for parameter extraction based on single, multiple diodes and drift-diffusion models. Their validity for organic devices was tested by extracting the parameters of some available devices from the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud N. Zidan
- Smart Engineering Systems Research Center (SESC), Industrial Engineering Department, Nile University, Giza 12677, Egypt;
| | - Nicola Everitt
- Department of Mechanical, Faculty of Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG72RD, UK;
| | - Tawfik Ismail
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
- Wireless Intelligent Networks Center (WINC), Nile University, Giza 12677, Egypt
| | - Irene S. Fahim
- Smart Engineering Systems Research Center (SESC), Industrial Engineering Department, Nile University, Giza 12677, Egypt;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-1-001-822-221
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Aiello F, Masi S. The Contribution of NMR Spectroscopy in Understanding Perovskite Stabilization Phenomena. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2024. [PMID: 34443856 PMCID: PMC8398994 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although it has been exploited since the late 1900s to study hybrid perovskite materials, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has only recently received extraordinary research attention in this field. This very powerful technique allows the study of the physico-chemical and structural properties of molecules by observing the quantum mechanical magnetic properties of an atomic nucleus, in solution as well as in solid state. Its versatility makes it a promising technique either for the atomic and molecular characterization of perovskite precursors in colloidal solution or for the study of the geometry and phase transitions of the obtained perovskite crystals, commonly used as a reference material compared with thin films prepared for applications in optoelectronic devices. This review will explore beyond the current focus on the stability of perovskites (3D in bulk and nanocrystals) investigated via NMR spectroscopy, in order to highlight the chemical flexibility of perovskites and the role of interactions for thermodynamic and moisture stabilization. The exceptional potential of the vast NMR tool set in perovskite structural characterization will be discussed, aimed at choosing the most stable material for optoelectronic applications. The concept of a double-sided characterization in solution and in solid state, in which the organic and inorganic structural components provide unique interactions with each other and with the external components (solvents, additives, etc.), for material solutions processed in thin films, denotes a significant contemporary target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Aiello
- National Research Council, Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes (CNR-IPCF), Via G. Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Sofia Masi
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I (UJI), Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
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Adhikari C. Polymer nanoparticles-preparations, applications and future insights: a concise review. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2021.1939715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Adhikari
- School of Basic Science and Humanities, Institute of Engineering & Management, Kolkata, India
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Bhatt S, Bagchi D. Molecular and micro-scale heterogeneities in Raman modes of a relaxing polymer glass. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:325101. [PMID: 34062521 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac06ec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We have used Raman spectroscopy to study relaxation dynamics at two different length scales, molecular level and micro-scale in order to probe the presence of cooperative rearranging regions in a polymer glass. Response to slow thermal cycles and fast quench through the glass transition temperature (Tg) is analyzed for film and unprocessed forms of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc). In PVAc film, enhanced disorder and molecular mobility lead to peak broadening by about a factor of 10 compared to unprocessed PVAc. Thermal cycles (10 K min-1) produce hysteresis in integrated Raman peak intensity (loop areaAINTI).AINTIvalues of film are two orders of magnitude more than unprocessed, indicating more configurational mosaics with higher interfacial energy dissipations. Ageing after 60 K min-1quench manifests as heterogeneous molecular dynamics of film Raman modes with significant peak-width variations, differentiating high mobility and low mobility modes. Two-dimensional mapping of film Raman modes after quench reveal micro-scale clusters of average size ≈250 molecules having fractal boundaries with fractal dimensiondf= 1.5, resemblingdfof percolation clusters below percolation threshold. During thermal cycling and relaxation after a quench, cooperative segmental dynamics with large correlations between skeletal C-C stretch and side branch modes is observed. The observations are analyzed in the context of the random first order transition theory of glasses, which attributes heterogeneous relaxations in glasses to the presence of clusters of variable configurational states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Bhatt
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Debjani Bagchi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390002, Gujarat, India
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Xie L, Xie J, Wang S, Chen B, Yang C, Wang Z, Liu X, Chen J, Jia K, Hao F. Fluorinated Oligomer Wrapped Perovskite Crystals for Inverted MAPbI 3 Solar Cells with 21% Efficiency and Enhanced Stability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:26093-26101. [PMID: 34053218 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Defects at the grain boundary provide sites for nonradiative recombination in halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, by polymerization and fluorination of a Lewis acid of 4,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pentanoic acid, a fluorinated oligomer (FO-19) is synthesized and applied to passivate these defects in methlyammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3). It is demonstrated that the carboxyl bond of FO-19 was coordinated with Pb ions in the perovskite films to achieve a wrapping effect on the perovskite crystals. The defects of perovskite film are effectively passivated, and the undesirable nonradiative recombination is greatly inhibited. As a result, FO-19 gives a power conversion efficiency of 21.23% for the inverted MAPbI3-based PSCs, which is among the highest reported values in the literature. Meanwhile, the corresponding device with FO-19 exhibits significantly improved humidity and thermal stability. Therefore, this work offers insights into the realization of high-efficiency and stable PSCs through fluorinated additive engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Xie
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Junni Xie
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Shurong Wang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Bin Chen
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Chenguang Yang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Jiangzhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Kun Jia
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Feng Hao
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
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Collavini S, Cabrera-Espinoza A, Delgado JL. Organic Polymers as Additives in Perovskite Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Collavini
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72 & Faculty of Chemistry, P. Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia−San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Andrea Cabrera-Espinoza
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72 & Faculty of Chemistry, P. Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia−San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Delgado
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72 & Faculty of Chemistry, P. Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia−San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
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40
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Qian Y, Wang Z, Cao J. New depression mechanism of polymeric depressant on titanaugite in ilmenite flotation. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Investigation of polyaniline doped with camphorsulfonic acid in chloroform solution as a hole transporting layer in PTB7: PCBM and perovskite-based solar cells. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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42
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Ohtani Y, Kumano K, Saneshige M, Takami K, Hoshi H. Effect of electropolymerization duration on the structure and performance of polypyrrole/graphene nanoplatelet counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells. J Solid State Electrochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-021-04944-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Desoky MMH, Bonomo M, Barbero N, Viscardi G, Barolo C, Quagliotto P. Polymeric Dopant-Free Hole Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells: Structures and Concepts towards Better Performances. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1652. [PMID: 34069612 PMCID: PMC8160825 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells are a hot topic of photovoltaic research, reaching, in few years, an impressive efficiency (25.5%), but their long-term stability still needs to be addressed for industrial production. One of the most sizeable reasons for instability is the doping of the Hole Transporting Material (HTM), being the salt commonly employed as a vector bringing moisture in contact with perovskite film and destroying it. With this respect, the research focused on new and stable "dopant-free" HTMs, which are inherently conductive, being able to effectively work without any addition of dopants. Notwithstanding, they show impressive efficiency and stability results. The dopant-free polymers, often made of alternated donor and acceptor cores, have properties, namely the filming ability, the molecular weight tunability, the stacking and packing peculiarities, and high hole mobility in absence of any dopant, that make them very attractive and a real innovation in the field. In this review, we tried our best to collect all the dopant-free polymeric HTMs known so far in the perovskite solar cells field, providing a brief historical introduction, followed by the classification and analysis of the polymeric structures, based on their building blocks, trying to find structure-activity relationships whenever possible. The research is still increasing and a very simple polymer (PFDT-2F-COOH) approaches PCE = 22% while some more complex ones overcome 22%, up to 22.41% (PPY2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. H. Desoky
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Interdepartmental Center and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.M.H.D.); (M.B.); (N.B.); (G.V.); (C.B.)
| | - Matteo Bonomo
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Interdepartmental Center and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.M.H.D.); (M.B.); (N.B.); (G.V.); (C.B.)
| | - Nadia Barbero
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Interdepartmental Center and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.M.H.D.); (M.B.); (N.B.); (G.V.); (C.B.)
| | - Guido Viscardi
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Interdepartmental Center and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.M.H.D.); (M.B.); (N.B.); (G.V.); (C.B.)
| | - Claudia Barolo
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Interdepartmental Center and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.M.H.D.); (M.B.); (N.B.); (G.V.); (C.B.)
- ICxT Interdepartmental Centre, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Lungo Dora Siena 100, 10153 Torino, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Quagliotto
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Interdepartmental Center and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.M.H.D.); (M.B.); (N.B.); (G.V.); (C.B.)
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Structure–property study of pristine and dehydrofluorinated poly(vinylidene fluoride) using density functional theory. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-021-02766-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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45
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Goyal A, van der Schoot P, Toschi F. Impact of the prequench state of binary fluid mixtures on surface-directed spinodal decomposition. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:042801. [PMID: 34005894 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.042801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Using lattice Boltzmann simulations we investigate the impact of the amplitude of concentration fluctuations in binary fluid mixtures prior to demixing when in contact with a surface that is preferentially wet by one of the components. We find a bicontinuous structure near the surface for an initial, prequench state of the mixture close to the critical point where the amplitude of concentration fluctuations is large. In contrast, if the initial state of the mixture is not near the critical point and concentration fluctuations are relatively weak, then the morphology is not bicontinuous but remains layered until the very late stages of coarsening. In both cases, it is the morphology of a depletion layer rich in the nonpreferred component that dictates the growth exponent of the thickness of the fluid layer that is in direct contact with the substrate. In the early stages of demixing, we find a growth exponent consistent with a value of 1/4 for a prequench state away from the critical point, which is different from the usual diffusive scaling exponent of 1/3 that we recover for a prequench state close to the critical point. We attribute this to the structure of a depletion layer that is penetrated by tubes of the preferred fluid, connecting the wetting layer to the bulk fluid even in the early stages if the initial state is characterized by concentration fluctuations that are large in amplitude. Furthermore, we find that in the late stages of demixing the flow through these tubes results in significant in-plane concentration variations near the substrate, leading to dropletlike structures with a concentration lower than the average concentration in the wetting layer. This causes a deceleration in the growth of the wetting layer in the very late stages of the demixing. Irrespective of the prequench state of the mixture, the late stages of the demixing process produce the same growth law for the layer thickness, with a scaling exponent of unity usually associated with the impact of hydrodynamic flow fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abheeti Goyal
- Fluids and Flows Group, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands and Theory of Polymers and Soft Matter Group, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Paul van der Schoot
- Theory of Polymers and Soft Matter Group, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Federico Toschi
- Fluids and Flows Group, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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46
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Engineering of TiO2 or ZnO—Graphene Oxide Nanoheterojunctions for Hybrid Solar Cells Devices. PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics8030075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It is currently of huge importance to find alternatives to fossil fuels to produce clean energy and to ensure the energy demands of modern society. In the present work, two types of hybrid solar cell devices were developed and characterized. The photoactive layers of the hybrid heterojunctions comprise poly (allylamine chloride) (PAH) and graphene oxide (GO) and TiO2 or ZnO films, which were deposited using the layer-by-layer technique and DC-reactive magnetron sputtering, respectively, onto fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)-coated glass substrates. Scanning electron microscopy evidenced a homogeneous inorganic layer, the surface morphology of which was dependent on the number of organic bilayers. The electrical characterization pointed out that FTO/(PAH/GO)50/TiO2/Al, FTO/(PAH/GO)30/ZnO/Al, and FTO/(PAH/GO)50/ZnO/Al architectures were the only ones to exhibit a diode behavior, and the last one experienced a decrease in current in a low-humidity environment. The (PAH/GO)20 impedance spectroscopy study further revealed the typical impedance of a parallel RC circuit for a dry environment, whereas in a humid environment, it approached the impedance of a series of three parallel RC circuits, indicating that water and oxygen contribute to other conduction processes. Finally, the achieved devices should be encapsulated to work successfully as solar cells.
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47
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Klushin VA, Kashparova VP, Chizhikova AA, Andreeva VE, Chernysheva DV, Ulyankina AA, Kutsevalova OY, Smirnova NV, Kravchenko OA, Ananikov VP. New Bio-Based Furanic Materials Effectively Absorb Metals from Water and Exert Antimicrobial Activity. Chemistry 2021; 27:3382-3396. [PMID: 33119938 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Development of sustainable bio-based materials for removal of toxic contaminants from water is a high priority goal. Novel bio-based binary and ternary copolymers with enhanced ion-exchange, adsorption and antibacterial properties were obtained by using plant biomass-derived diallyl esters of furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) as crosslinking agents and easily available vinyl monomers. The synthesized copolymer materials showed higher sorption capacities for NiII , CoII and CuII compared to the commercial ion-exchange resins, and they maintained their high metal adsorption capacities for over 10 cycles of regeneration. The synthesized copolymer gels containing 1-5 wt % of the crosslinker showed excellent water absorption capacities. The synthesized copolymers with 1 % crosslinker content showed swelling ratios high enough to also act as moisture absorbents. Synthesized copolymers with crosslinker content of 10 wt % performed as contact-active antibacterials by inhibiting the growth of Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, K. pneumonia) in suspension tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A Klushin
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenia Str. 132, Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
| | - Vera P Kashparova
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenia Str. 132, Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Chizhikova
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenia Str. 132, Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
| | - Veronica E Andreeva
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenia Str. 132, Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
| | - Daria V Chernysheva
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenia Str. 132, Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
| | - Anna A Ulyankina
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenia Str. 132, Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
| | - Olga Yu Kutsevalova
- Medical Research Centre for Oncology of the Ministry of Health of Russia, 14 Liniya str. 63, Rostov-on-Don, National 344037, Russia
| | - Nina V Smirnova
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenia Str. 132, Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
| | - Oleg A Kravchenko
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenia Str. 132, Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
| | - Valentin P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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48
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Synthesis and characterization of poly-3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)propylmethacrylate as a gel electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cell applications. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03541-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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49
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Xu P, Lu T, Ju L, Tian L, Li M, Lu W. Machine Learning Aided Design of Polymer with Targeted Band Gap Based on DFT Computation. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:601-611. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c08674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Xu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, and Shanghai Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Tian Lu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, and Shanghai Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lifei Ju
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lumin Tian
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Minjie Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Wencong Lu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, and Shanghai Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai 200444, China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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50
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Solis C, Durantini JE, Macor L, Heredia DA, Gonzalez Lopez EJ, Durantini EN, Mangione MI, Rappich J, Dittrich T, Otero L, Gervaldo M. Electrochemical formation of photoactive organic heterojunctions. Porphyrin-C60 polymeric photoelectrochemical cells. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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