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Rivera P, Torres A, Romero J, Alarcón Á, Martínez S, Arrieta MP, Rodríguez-Mercado F, Galotto MJ. Effect of Operational Variables on Supercritical Foaming of Caffeic Acid-Loaded Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Blends for the Development of Sustainable Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:948. [PMID: 38611209 PMCID: PMC11013249 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Expanded polystyrene will account for 5.3% of total global plastic production in 2021 and is widely used for food packaging due to its excellent moisture resistance and thermal insulation. However, some of these packages are often used only once before being discarded, generating large amounts of environmentally harmful plastic waste. A very attractive alternative to the conventional methods used for polymer processing is the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) since it has mass-transfer properties adapted to the foam morphology, generating different path lengths for the diffusion of active compounds within its structure and can dissolve a wide range of organic molecules under supercritical conditions. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of operational variables on the process of caffeic acid (CA) impregnation and subsequent foaming of polylactic acid (PLA) as well as two PLA/poly(butylene-co-terephthalate-adipate) (PBAT) blends using scCO2. The results showed an increase in the degree of crystallinity of the CA-impregnated samples due to the nucleation effect of the active compound. On the other hand, SEM micrographs of both films and foams showed significant differences due to the presence of PBAT and its low miscibility with PLA. Finally, the results obtained in this work contribute to the knowledge of the important parameters to consider for the implementation of the impregnation and foaming process of PLA and PLA/PBAT blends with potential use in food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rivera
- Packaging Innovation Center (LABEN), Technology Faculty, Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology CEDENNA, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170201, Chile; (P.R.); (Á.A.); (S.M.); (F.R.-M.); (M.J.G.)
- Laboratory of Membrane Separation Processes (LabProSeM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170201, Chile;
| | - Alejandra Torres
- Packaging Innovation Center (LABEN), Technology Faculty, Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology CEDENNA, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170201, Chile; (P.R.); (Á.A.); (S.M.); (F.R.-M.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Julio Romero
- Laboratory of Membrane Separation Processes (LabProSeM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170201, Chile;
| | - Álvaro Alarcón
- Packaging Innovation Center (LABEN), Technology Faculty, Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology CEDENNA, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170201, Chile; (P.R.); (Á.A.); (S.M.); (F.R.-M.); (M.J.G.)
- Laboratory of Membrane Separation Processes (LabProSeM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170201, Chile;
| | - Sara Martínez
- Packaging Innovation Center (LABEN), Technology Faculty, Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology CEDENNA, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170201, Chile; (P.R.); (Á.A.); (S.M.); (F.R.-M.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Marina P. Arrieta
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química Industrial y del Medio Ambiente, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ETSII-UPM), Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- Grupo de Investigación, Polímeros, Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Rodríguez-Mercado
- Packaging Innovation Center (LABEN), Technology Faculty, Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology CEDENNA, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170201, Chile; (P.R.); (Á.A.); (S.M.); (F.R.-M.); (M.J.G.)
| | - María José Galotto
- Packaging Innovation Center (LABEN), Technology Faculty, Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology CEDENNA, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170201, Chile; (P.R.); (Á.A.); (S.M.); (F.R.-M.); (M.J.G.)
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Maraveas C, Kyrtopoulos IV, Arvanitis KG, Bartzanas T. The Aging of Polymers under Electromagnetic Radiation. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:689. [PMID: 38475374 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymeric materials degrade as they react with environmental conditions such as temperature, light, and humidity. Electromagnetic radiation from the Sun's ultraviolet rays weakens the mechanical properties of polymers, causing them to degrade. This study examined the phenomenon of polymer aging due to exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The study examined three specific objectives, including the key theories explaining ultraviolet (UV) radiation's impact on polymer decomposition, the underlying testing procedures for determining the aging properties of polymeric materials, and appraising the current technical methods for enhancing the UV resistance of polymers. The study utilized a literature review methodology to understand the aging effect of electromagnetic radiation on polymers. Thus, the study concluded that using additives and UV absorbers on polymers and polymer composites can elongate the lifespan of polymers by shielding them from the aging effects of UV radiation. The findings from the study suggest that thermal conditions contribute to polymer degradation by breaking down their physical and chemical bonds. Thermal oxidative environments accelerate aging due to the presence of UV radiation and temperatures that foster a quicker degradation of plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthos Maraveas
- Department of Natural Resources Development and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Vasileios Kyrtopoulos
- Department of Natural Resources Development and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos G Arvanitis
- Department of Natural Resources Development and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas Bartzanas
- Department of Natural Resources Development and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, 11855 Athens, Greece
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Lv Z, Meng X, Liang Q, Jiang T, Sun S, Tan Y, Feng J. A biodegradable oxidized starch/carboxymethyl chitosan film coated with pesticide-loaded ZIF-8 for tomato fusarium wilt control. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129249. [PMID: 38199556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Film mulching is one of the most important methods to control soil-borne diseases. However, the traditional mulch may cause microplastic pollution and soil ecological damage. Herein, a biodegradable film was developed using oxidized starch and carboxymethyl chitosan and incorporated ZIF-8 carrying fludioxonil to sustainably control soil-borne disease. The microstructure, mechanical properties, optical properties, and water barrier properties of the composite films (Flu@ZIF-8-OS/CMCS) were investigated. The results show that Flu@ZIF-8-OS/CMCS had a smooth and uniform surface and excellent light transmittance. The excellent mechanical properties of the films were verified by tensile strength, elongation at break and Young's modulus. Higher contact angle and lower water vapor permeability indicate water retention capacity of the soil was improved through using Flu@ZIF-8-OS/CMCS. Furthermore, the release properties, biological activity, degradability and safety to soil organisms of Flu@ZIF-8-OS/CMCS was determined. The addition of ZIF-8 significantly improved the film's ability to retard the release of Flu, while the Flu@ZIF-8-OS/CMCS has good soil degradability. In vitro antifungal assays and pot experiments demonstrated excellent inhibitory activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici. Flu@ZIF-8-OS/CMCS caused only 13.33 % mortality of earthworms within 7 d. This research provides a new approach to reducing microplastic pollution and effectively managing soil-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Lv
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaohan Meng
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qianwei Liang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tianzhen Jiang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shaoyang Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yifei Tan
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianguo Feng
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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Krainara S, Mistry AN, Malee C, Chavananikul C, Pinyakong O, Assavalapsakul W, Jitpraphai SM, Kachenchart B, Luepromchai E. Development of a plastic waste treatment process by combining deep eutectic solvent (DES) pretreatment and bioaugmentation with a plastic-degrading bacterial consortium. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132507. [PMID: 37699265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a petroleum-based plastic, and polylactic acid (PLA), a biobased plastic, have a similar visual appearance thus they usually end up in municipal waste treatment facilities. The objective of this project was to develop an effective PET and PLA waste treatment process that involves pretreatment with deep eutectic solvent (DES) followed by biodegradation with a plastic-degrading bacterial consortium in a composting system. The DES used was a mixture of choline chloride and glycerol, while the bacterial strains (Chitinophaga jiangningensis EA02, Nocardioides zeae EA12, Stenotrophomonas pavanii EA33, Gordonia desulfuricans EA63, Achromobacter xylosoxidans A9 and Mycolicibacterium parafortuitum J101) used to prepare the bacterial consortium were selected based on their ability to biodegrade PET, PLA, and plasticizer. The plastic samples (a PET bottle, PLA cup, and PLA film) were pretreated with DES through a dip-coating method. The DES-coated plastic samples exhibited higher surface wettability and biofilm formation, indicating that DES increases the hydrophilicity of the plastic and facilitates bacterial attachment to the plastic surface. The combined action of DES pretreatment and bioaugmentation with a plastic-degrading bacterial consortium led to improved degradation of PET and PLA samples in various environments, including aqueous media at ambient temperature, lab-scale traditional composting, and pilot-scale composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saowaluk Krainara
- Department of Environmental Health and Technology, School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand; Excellent Center for Dengue and Community Public Health (EC for DACH), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Microbial Technology for Marine Pollution Treatment (MiTMaPT), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Avnish Nitin Mistry
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Technology for Marine Pollution Treatment (MiTMaPT), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chawanan Malee
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Chutima Chavananikul
- International Program in Hazardous Substance and Environmental Management (IP-HSM), Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Onruthai Pinyakong
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Technology for Marine Pollution Treatment (MiTMaPT), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanchai Assavalapsakul
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Technology for Marine Pollution Treatment (MiTMaPT), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somrudee Meprasert Jitpraphai
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Technology for Marine Pollution Treatment (MiTMaPT), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Boonlue Kachenchart
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Ekawan Luepromchai
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Technology for Marine Pollution Treatment (MiTMaPT), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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5
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Huang F, Zhang Q, Wang L, Zhang C, Zhang Y. Are biodegradable mulch films a sustainable solution to microplastic mulch film pollution? A biogeochemical perspective. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132024. [PMID: 37572603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Mulch film residue contributes significantly to global plastic pollution, and consequently biodegradable mulch films (BDMs) are being adopted as a solution. BDMs decompose relatively quickly, but their complete biodegradation requires suitable conditions that are difficult to achieve in nature, causing biodegradable microplastics (bio-MPs) to be more likely to accumulate in soil than traditional microplastics (MPs). If BDMs are to be considered as a sustainable solution, long-term and in-depth studies to investigate the impact of bio-MPs on the biogeochemical processes are vital to agroecosystems operation and ecosystem services supply. Although bio-MP-derived carbon can potentially convert into biomass during decomposition, its contribution to soil carbon stocks is insignificant. Instead, given their biodegradability, bio-MPs can result in greater alterations of soil biodiversity and community composition. Their high carbon-nitrogen ratios may also significantly regulate various processes involved in the natural decomposition and transformation of soil organic matter, including the reduction of nutrient availability and increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Soil ecosystems are complex organic entities interconnected by disturbance-feedback mechanisms. Given the prevailing knowledge gaps regarding the impact of bio-MPs on soil biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem balance, this study emphasized the safety and sustainability assessment of bio-MPs and the prevailing comprehensive challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxin Huang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Qiyu Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Congyu Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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Cai M, Qi Z, Guy C, An C, Chen X, Wang Z, Feng Q. Insights into the abiotic fragmentation of biodegradable mulches under accelerated weathering conditions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 454:131477. [PMID: 37104954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable mulches (BMs) can be tilled into soils to mitigate disposal and environmental problems. However, the content of biodegradable microplastics (BMPs) would increase with the addition of biodegradable macroplastics (BMaPs). The fragmented particles have a strong affinity to soil pollutants, having the potential to transfer via the terrestrial food web in an agroecosystem. Based on the spectral analysis and particle size analysis, this study explored the physicochemical characteristics of weathered BMaPs and BMP-derived dissolved organic matter (DOMBMP). Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation reduced the mechanical strength of BMaPs and induced oxygenated functional groups, thus increasing surface roughness and hydrophilicity. This promoted the adsorption of aromatic compounds and heavy metals from soils to BMPs. After entering the water environment, the pH of the solution with DOMBMP decreased, whereas the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) increased. Compared with paper mulch, bioplastic mulch contributed a higher amount of DOMBMP, such as aromatic structure-containing chemicals and carboxylic acids, to the water environment but released fewer and smaller plastic particles. The findings from this study can help manage environmental risks and determine disposal strategies after the use of mulching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Cai
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Concordia University, Montreal H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Zhiming Qi
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Christophe Guy
- University of Technology of Compiègne, Compiègne 60200, France
| | - Chunjiang An
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Concordia University, Montreal H3G 1M8, Canada.
| | - Xiujuan Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington 76019, USA
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Concordia University, Montreal H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Qi Feng
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Concordia University, Montreal H3G 1M8, Canada
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Ju H, Yang X, Osman R, Geissen V. The role of microplastic aging on chlorpyrifos adsorption-desorption and microplastic bioconcentration. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023:121910. [PMID: 37247767 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) in soil undergo different aging processes such as photoaging, mechanical abrasion and biodegradation, leading to alterations in the surface properties of MPs. In this study, we investigated the adsorption-desorption of chlorpyrifos (CPF) on pristine and UV light-aged low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and biodegradable (Bio) MPs that were derived from plastic mulch films. We also tested the bioconcentration of pristine and aged MPs (LDPE- and Bio-MPs aged under UV light and LDPE-MPs aged in three different soils) associated with CPF by earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris). The results showed that UV-aged MPs showed higher CPF adsorption capacities than pristine MPs, with the adsorption capacities at 184.9 ± 5.3, 200.5 ± 1.8, 193.0 ± 8.7, and 215.9 ± 1.1 μg g-1 for pristine LDPE-, UV-aged LDPE-, pristine Bio- and UV-aged Bio-MPs, respectively. The desorption rate of CPF from UV-aged LDPE-MPs within 48 h was lower than the desorption from pristine ones (28.8 ± 7.7% vs. 40.0 ± 3.9%), while both pristine and UV-aged Bio-MPs showed very low CPF desorption rates. A 4-day Petri dish experiment showed that UV-aged MPs were significantly less concentrated in earthworm casts than pristine counterparts (52% and 36% lower for UV-aged LDPE- and Bio-MPs), while UV-aged MPs with adsorbed CPF were concentrated significantly more than UV-aged MPs without CPF. Interestingly, LDPE-MPs aged in soil with a high carbon, nitrogen, and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio were significantly more concentrated in earthworm casts than pristine LDPE-MPs. In conclusion, UV-aged MPs acted as stronger vectors for CPF than pristine MPs. The bioconcentration of MPs differed significantly due to microplastic aging, as well as the combined effect with CPF. Moreover, LDPE-MPs aged in soil with enriched carbon and nitrogen were significantly concentrated in earthworm casts. Further studies on the environmental behaviours of aged MPs associated with other pollutants in soil, especially soils high in carbon and nitrogen, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ju
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, China.
| | - Rima Osman
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Rajora AD, Bal T. Evaluating neem gum-polyvinyl alcohol (NGP-PVA) blend nanofiber mat as a novel platform for wound healing in murine model. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:760-771. [PMID: 36493923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Modern-day treatment demands scarless wound healing utilizing scaffolds in the form of nanofiber mats which are tissue and environment-friendly. Neem gum polysaccharide (NGP) in conjugation with Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in the form of nanofibers exhibits antimicrobial properties mimicking extracellular matrix for tissue growth. Different grades of nanofibers mats (NFM) were prepared by combining different ratios of NGP and PVA which were later crosslinked using glutaraldehyde vapors (25 % w/v in 0.5 M HCl), and optimized grade G14 exhibited maximum tensile strength with smooth surface morphology, hemocompatible properties, in-vitro biodegradability and antimicrobial action against S. aureus & E. coli. G14 was analytically characterized using different analytical techniques viz. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), which indicated polymer-polymer compatibility. The surface hydrophobicity as detected using Optical contact angle (OCA) confirmed the hydrophobicity of NFM with increased glutaraldehyde vapor for crosslinking when compared to non-crosslinked NFM. Histopathology slides indicated G14 CL-NFM accelerated the wound healing in mice with dense collagen and fibroblasts when compared to control mice suggesting the tissue engineering potential of the prepared device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Dev Rajora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Trishna Bal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.
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Mohammed AABA, Hasan Z, Omran AAB, Elfaghi AM, Khattak M, Ilyas RA, Sapuan SM. Effect of Various Plasticizers in Different Concentrations on Physical, Thermal, Mechanical, and Structural Properties of Wheat Starch-Based Films. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010063. [PMID: 36616412 PMCID: PMC9823313 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocomposite materials are essential for environmental protection, as they have the ability of substituting synthetic plastic with natural materials. This work investigated how different plasticizers (Glycerol (G), Fructose (F), Sorbitol (S), and Urea (U)) affect the morphological, mechanical, thermal, and physical characteristics of films made of wheat starch at various concentrations (0%, 15%, 25%, and 35%). Plasticizers were added to improve the flexibility and homogeneity of the wheat starch-based bioplastic. Control film exhibited high tensile strength (38.7 MPa) with low elongation (1.9%). However, films plasticized with 35% sorbitol showed the highest elongation, which was 60.7% at break. At 35% of all plasticizers, fructose showed the highest tensile strength, with 7.6 MPa. The addition of different plasticizers shows improvement in water resistance; films plasticized with glycerol had the lowest water absorption at 35% fructose (187.4%) and also showed coherent surfaces. Glycerol, sorbitol, and urea films showed a higher mass loss compared to fructose films. Fructose showed the highest performance after the analysis of the results, with low water absorption, water content, and mass loss and with high mechanical performance at 35% of fructose. SEM images show that the addition of fructose and glycerol improves the surface homogenate, while sorbitol and urea have a less compact structure with large pores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zaimah Hasan
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-Uniten, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (A.A.B.O.)
| | - Abdoulhdi A. Borhana Omran
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sohar University, Sohar P C-311, Oman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering Science & Technology, Sebha University, Sabha 00218, Libya
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (A.A.B.O.)
| | - Abdulhafid M. Elfaghi
- Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat 86400, Johor, Malaysia
| | - M.A. Khattak
- ARL Laboratory Services PTY Ltd., 1361/55 Pine Rd., Yennora, Sydney, NSW 216, Australia
| | - R. A. Ilyas
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - S. M. Sapuan
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Center (AEMC), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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Synthesis, Characterization, and Soil Burial Degradation of Biobased Polyurethanes. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224948. [PMID: 36433074 PMCID: PMC9698155 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for developing degradable polymeric systems based on bio-derived and sustainable materials. In recent years, polyurethanes derived from castor oil have emerged due to the large availability and sustainable characteristics of castor oil. However, these polymers are normally prepared through tedious and/or energy-intensive procedures or using high volatile and/or toxic reagents such as volatile isocyanates or epoxides. Furthermore, poor investigation has been carried out to design castor oil derived polyurethanes with degradable characteristics or thorough specifically sustainable synthetic procedures. Herein, castor oil-derived polyurethane with more than 90% biomass-derived carbon content and enhanced degradable features was prepared through a simple, eco-friendly (E-factor: 0.2), and scalable procedure, employing a recently developed commercially available biomass-derived (61% bio-based carbon content) low-volatile polymeric isocyanate. The novel material was compared with a castor oil derived-polyurethane prepared with a commercially available fossil-based isocyanate counterpart. The different castor oil-derived polyurethanes were investigated by means of water uptake, soil burial degradation, and disintegration tests in compost. Characterization analyses, including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were carried out both prior to and after degradation tests. The results suggest potential applications of the degradable castor oil-derived polyurethane in different fields, such as mulch films for agricultural purposes.
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11
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Fabrication and Characterization of Degradable Crop-Straw-Fiber Composite Film Using In Situ Polymerization with Melamine-Urea-Formaldehyde Prepolymer for Agricultural Film Mulching. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15155170. [PMID: 35897602 PMCID: PMC9331358 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Soil mulch composite films composed of biodegradable materials are being increasingly used in agriculture. In this study, mulch films based on wheat straw fiber and an environmentally friendly modifier were prepared via in situ polymerization and tested as the ridge mulch for crops. The mechanical properties of the straw fiber film were significantly enhanced by the modification. In particular, the films exhibited a noticeable increase in dry and wet tensile strength from 2.35 to 4.15 and 0.41 to 1.51 kN/m, respectively, with increasing filler content from 0% to 25%. The contact angle of the straw also showed an improvement based on its hydrophilicity. The crystallinity of the modified film was higher than that of the unmodified film and increased with modifier content. The changes in chemical interaction of the straw fiber film were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the thermal stability of the unmodified film was improved by in situ polymerization. Scanning electron microscopy images indicated that the modifier was uniformly dispersed in the fiber film, resulting in an improvement in its mechanical properties. The modified straw fiber films could be degraded after mulching for approximately 50 days. Overall, the superior properties of the modified straw fiber film lend it great potential for agricultural application.
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Botta L, Titone V, Teresi R, Scarlata MC, Lo Re G, La Mantia FP, Lopresti F. Biocomposite PBAT/lignin blown films with enhanced photo-stability. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 217:161-170. [PMID: 35820487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Lignin can be obtained as a byproduct during cellulose-rich pulp fibers production and it is habitually treated as waste or intended for low-value destinations. However, due to UV absorption and mechanical properties, lignin can contribute to the fabrication of biodegradable blown films with superior performances. In this study, it was established the suitability of lignin for manufacturing biocomposite PBAT blown films with higher stiffness and photo-oxidation resistance. The effect of the filler concentration on the melt rheological behavior in non-isothermal elongational flow was investigated. The results allowed us to choose the correct filler concentration for producing films through a film blowing operation. The PBAT/lignin blown film composites displayed an increase of the elastic modulus if compared to neat PBAT films without affecting their elongation at break. Furthermore, the filler delayed the photo-oxidative degradation of PBAT hence potentially allowing open-air applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Botta
- Department of Engineering, RU INSTM, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Titone
- Department of Engineering, RU INSTM, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; Irritec S.p.A., Via Industriale sn, 98070 Rocca di Caprileone, Italy
| | - Rosalia Teresi
- Department of Engineering, RU INSTM, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Costanza Scarlata
- Department of Engineering, RU INSTM, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giada Lo Re
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Francesco Paolo La Mantia
- Department of Engineering, RU INSTM, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Lopresti
- Department of Engineering, RU INSTM, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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13
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Rapisarda M, Mistretta MC, Scopelliti M, Leanza M, La Mantia FP, Rizzarelli P. Influence of Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles on the Soil Burial Degradation of Polybutyleneadipate-Co-Butylenetherephthalate Films. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12132275. [PMID: 35808115 PMCID: PMC9268366 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A polybutyleneadipate-co-butylenetherephthalate (PBAT) sample, commercially known as Ecoflex®, was processed via melt extrusion with CaCO3 nanoparticles coated with a hydrophobic coating. Blown films of PBAT and two composites with nanofiller (2% and 5%wt) were prepared and degradation tests in soil at 30 °C up to 180 days were carried out with weight loss measurements. Furthermore, biodegradation test according to ISO 14851 was carried out at 30 °C. The effect of CaCO3 on soil burial degradation was assessed by surface wettability and SEM. ATR-FTIR and XPS analyses highlighted chemical modifications induced by soil degradation. CaCO3 nanoparticles decreased surface wettability and discouraged the disintegration in soil. Interestingly, SEM images after soil degradation highlighted in the nanocomposite films selective zones of disintegration. XPS showed an increasing peak area C 1s ratio of C–O to C=O with degradation time. Moreover, after the soil burial test, carbonyl index determined by ATR-FTIR increased in both nanocomposites. In fact, the addition of CaCO3 leads to a rise in the carbonyl zone due to the presence of the carbonate group. Remarkably, FTIR data after soil degradation showed an enrichment of the aromatic content, a preferential cleavage and erosion of the aliphatic moiety in PBAT films, amplified by the presence of the CaCO3 nanofiller.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rapisarda
- Istituto per i Polimeri, Compositi e Biomateriali, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (M.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Maria Chiara Mistretta
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Michelangelo Scopelliti
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica—Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
- INSTM, Via Giusti 9, 55100 Firenze, Italy
- ATeN Center—Laboratorio Superfici, Film Sottili e Dispositivi, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 18-18/A, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Melania Leanza
- Istituto per i Polimeri, Compositi e Biomateriali, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (M.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Francesco Paolo La Mantia
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
- INSTM, Via Giusti 9, 55100 Firenze, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.P.L.M.); (P.R.)
| | - Paola Rizzarelli
- Istituto per i Polimeri, Compositi e Biomateriali, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (M.R.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: (F.P.L.M.); (P.R.)
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14
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Wang A, Chang Q, Chen C, Zhong X, Yuan K, Yang M, Wu W. Degradation characteristics of biodegradable film and its effects on soil nutrients in tillage layer, growth and development of taro and yield formation. AMB Express 2022; 12:81. [PMID: 35732981 PMCID: PMC9218028 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01420-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the degradation characteristics of different biodegradable film and its effects on soil nutrients in tillage layer, growth and development of taro and yield formation. Field experiment with biodegradable films, including poly-(butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate) PBAT, (poly-carbon dioxide) PCO2, (poly propylene carbonate) PPC, as well as common mulch film (CK1) and uncovered mulch film (CK2) were conducted on Longxiang taro in 2020 and 2021 respectively. The degradation rate of the three biodegradable films was PBAT > PPC > PCO2. Compared with CK1, the alkali-hydrolyzed N of PBAT at the growth stage and fruiting stage significantly increased in 2020 and 2021, respectively (both, P < 0.05). The average content of available P of PPC at seedling stage was higher than that in PCO2, and CK1 was significantly decreased compared with that in CK2 (all, P < 0.05). The content of soil available K and organic matter in different growth stages of taro in all film mulching treatments were decreased in comparison to CK2. Moreover, compared with CK2, PCO2 biodegradable film significantly increased plant height at seedling and growth stage, stem diameter at growth stage, and leaf area index at fruiting stage (all, P < 0.05). Similarly, the yield of mother and filial bulbs of PPC, PCO2 and PBAT were significantly higher than those of CK2 in 2020 and 2021, respectively (all, P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were found in starch, polysaccharide and protein contents among different treatments. The three biodegradable films, especially PCO2, can significantly affect soil nutrient content, promote plant growth and improve taro yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Wang
- Special Grain Classics Laboratory, Taizhou Institute of Agricultural Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 56 Autumn Snow Lake Avenue, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Qingtao Chang
- Special Grain Classics Laboratory, Taizhou Institute of Agricultural Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 56 Autumn Snow Lake Avenue, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Chunsheng Chen
- Department of Vegetable, Xinghua Modern Agriculture Development Service Center, Taizhou, 225700, China
| | - Xiaoquan Zhong
- Department of Vegetable, Xinghua Modern Agriculture Development Service Center, Taizhou, 225700, China
| | - Kexiang Yuan
- Department of Vegetable, Xinghua Modern Agriculture Development Service Center, Taizhou, 225700, China
| | - Meihua Yang
- Xinghua Meihua Vegetable Planting Cooperative, Taizhou, 225700, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Special Grain Classics Laboratory, Taizhou Institute of Agricultural Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 56 Autumn Snow Lake Avenue, Taizhou, 225300, China.
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15
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Biodegradation of PBSA Films by Elite Aspergillus Isolates and Farmland Soil. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071320. [PMID: 35406195 PMCID: PMC9002719 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Plastic films are widely used in current agricultural practices; however, most mulch films used are discarded and buried in the land after harvest, having adverse environmental impacts. To solve this environmental problem, the demand for biodegradable mulch has been increasing in recent years. Polybutylene succinate-co-adipate (PBSA) is a biodegradable polymer with good ductility and can be used for packaging and mulching. In this study, we isolated two elite fungal strains for PBSA degradation from farmlands, i.e., Aspergillus fumigatus L30 and Aspergillus terreus HC, and the latter showed better degradation ability than the former. It is noteworthy that biodegradation of PBSA by A. terreus is reported for the first time, which revealed unique characteristics. In the soil burial test, even the soil with relatively poor degradation ability could be improved by the addition of elite fungal mycelia. In substrate specificity analyses of soil samples, PBSA could induce the synthesis of lipolytic enzymes of indigenous microbes to degrade substrates with medium and long carbon chains in soil. Furthermore, PBSA residues or fungal mycelia supplementation in soils had no adverse effect on the seed germination rate, seedling growth, or mature plant weight of the test green leafy vegetable. Taken together, the results of this study not only advance our understanding of the biodegradation of PBSA films by filamentous fungi but also provide insight into improving the efficiency of biodegradation in soil environments.
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16
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Abdalla TH, Nasr AS, Bassioni G, Harding DR, Kandile NG. Fabrication of sustainable hydrogels-based chitosan Schiff base and their potential applications. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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17
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Viljakainen VR, Hug LA. New approaches for the characterization of plastic-associated microbial communities and the discovery of plastic-degrading microorganisms and enzymes. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:6191-6200. [PMID: 34900132 PMCID: PMC8632723 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastics in the environment represent new substrates for microbial colonization, and recent methodological advances allow for in-depth characterization of plastic-associated microbial communities (PAMCs). Over the past several decades, discovery of plastic degrading enzymes (PDEs) and plastic degrading microorganisms (PDMs) has been driven by efforts to understand microbially-mediated plastic degradation in the environment and to discover biocatalysts for plastic processing. In this review, we discuss the evolution of methodology in plastic microbiology and highlight major advancements in the field stemming from computational microbiology. Initial research relied largely on culture-based approaches like clear-zone assays to screen for PDMs and microscopy to characterize PAMCs. New computational tools and sequencing technologies are accelerating discoveries in the field through culture-independent and multi-omic approaches, rapidly generating targets for protein engineering and improving the potential for plastic-waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Viljakainen
- University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - L A Hug
- University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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18
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Use of Biochar as Filler for Biocomposite Blown Films: Structure-Processing-Properties Relationships. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13223953. [PMID: 34833253 PMCID: PMC8624765 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, biocomposite blown films based on poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) as biopolymeric matrix and biochar (BC) as filler were successfully fabricated. The materials were subjected to a film-blowing process after being compounded in a twin-screw extruder. The preliminary investigations conducted on melt-mixed PBAT/BC composites allowed PBAT/BC 5% and PBAT/BC 10% to be identified as the most appropriate formulations to be processed via film blowing. The blown films exhibited mechanical performances adequate for possible application as film for packaging, agricultural, and compost bags. The addition of BC led to an improvement of the elastic modulus, still maintaining high values of deformation. Water contact angle measurements revealed an increase in the hydrophobic behavior of the biocomposite films compared to PBAT. Additionally, accelerated degradative tests monitored by tensile tests and spectroscopic analysis revealed that the filler induced a photo-oxidative resistance on PBAT by delaying the degradation phenomena.
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19
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Influence of photo-oxidation on the performance and soil degradation of oxo- and biodegradable polymer-based items for agricultural applications. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Xochitl QP, María del Consuelo HB, María del Consuelo MS, Rosa María EV, Alethia VM. Degradation of Plastics in Simulated Landfill Conditions. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13071014. [PMID: 33805998 PMCID: PMC8037001 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Different degradable plastics have been promoted as a solution for the accumulation of waste in landfills and the natural environment; in Mexico, the most popular options are oxo-degradable, which degrade in a sequential abiotic–biotic process, and compostable plastics. In this research, high-density polyethylene, oxo-degradable high-density polyethylene, and certified compostable plastic were exposed to simulated landfill conditions in an 854-day-long experiment to assess their degradation. High-density polyethylene showed limited degradation, due mainly to surface erosion, evidenced by a 13% decrease in elongation at break. The pro-oxidant additive in the oxo-degradable plastic increased this loss of mechanical properties to 27%. However, both plastic films kept their physical integrity and high molecular weight by the end of the experiment, evidencing degradation but no biodegradation. While the compostable film fragmented, had a lower molecular weight at the end of the experiment, and decreased the presence of C=O bonds, this degradation took place remarkably slower than expected from a composting process. Results show that oxo-degradable and compostable plastics will not biodegrade readily in landfills. This fact should be known and understood for decision-makers to match the characteristics of the materials to the features of the waste management systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quecholac-Piña Xochitl
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Toluca, Av. Tecnológico S/N Col. Agrícola Bellavista, Metepec, Edo de México C.P. 52149, Mexico; (Q.-P.X.); (H.-B.M.d.C.)
| | - Hernández-Berriel María del Consuelo
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Toluca, Av. Tecnológico S/N Col. Agrícola Bellavista, Metepec, Edo de México C.P. 52149, Mexico; (Q.-P.X.); (H.-B.M.d.C.)
| | - Mañón-Salas María del Consuelo
- Sociedad Mexicana de Ciencia y Tecnología Aplicada a Residuos Sólidos, A. C., Priv. Molcajete 44 Fracc. Hacienda de las Fuentes, Calimaya C.P. 52227, Mexico;
| | - Espinosa-Valdemar Rosa María
- Departamento de Energía, Unidad Azcapotzalco, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Av. San Pablo 180, Col. Reynosa Tamaulipas, Azcapotzalco, Ciudad de México C.P. 02200, Mexico;
| | - Vázquez-Morillas Alethia
- Departamento de Energía, Unidad Azcapotzalco, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Av. San Pablo 180, Col. Reynosa Tamaulipas, Azcapotzalco, Ciudad de México C.P. 02200, Mexico;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-53198-9057
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La Mantia FP, Ceraulo M, Testa P, Morreale M. Biodegradable Polymers for the Production of Nets for Agricultural Product Packaging. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14020323. [PMID: 33435465 PMCID: PMC7827185 DOI: 10.3390/ma14020323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that the need for more environmentally friendly materials concerns, among other fields, the food packaging industry. This regards also, for instance, nets used for agricultural product (e.g., citrus fruits, potatoes) packaging. These nets are typically manufactured by film blowing technique, with subsequent slicing of the films and cold drawing of the obtained strips, made from traditional, non-biodegradable polymer systems. In this work, two biodegradable polymer systems were characterized from rheological, processability, and mechanical points of view, in order to evaluate their suitability to replace polyethylene-based polymer systems typically used for agricultural product net manufacturing. Furthermore, laboratory simulation of the above-mentioned processing operation paths was performed. The results indicated a good potential for biodegradable polymer systems to replace polyethylene-based systems for agricultural product packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Paolo La Mantia
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
- Consorzio INSTM, Via Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Paolo Testa
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Marco Morreale
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kore University of Enna, Cittadella Universitaria, 94100 Enna, Italy;
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La Mantia FP, Botta L, Mistretta MC, Di Fiore A, Titone V. Recycling of a Biodegradable Polymer Blend. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12102297. [PMID: 33049932 PMCID: PMC7599448 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical recycling is one of the possible ways to enhance the value of postconsumer plastic materials. However, the final performance of the recycled material will strongly depend on the quality of the selection made on the recycled product and on the degradation of the properties. In this context, the present study examines the effect of reprocessing for five successive extrusion cycles on the rheological, mechanical and thermal properties of a poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)-based blend on samples reprocessed in both dry and wet conditions. The results showed that when the sample was processed after drying, degradation of the material was less than when it was processed in wet conditions. However, the experimental results showed that the decrease of rheological and mechanical properties was not so dramatic, and therefore the material could be reused in both cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Paolo La Mantia
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (L.B.); (M.C.M.); (A.D.F.); (V.T.)
- INSTM, Via Giusti 9, 50125 Firenze, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Luigi Botta
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (L.B.); (M.C.M.); (A.D.F.); (V.T.)
- INSTM, Via Giusti 9, 50125 Firenze, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Mistretta
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (L.B.); (M.C.M.); (A.D.F.); (V.T.)
| | - Antonino Di Fiore
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (L.B.); (M.C.M.); (A.D.F.); (V.T.)
- Joeplast, 92025 Casteltermini, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Titone
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (L.B.); (M.C.M.); (A.D.F.); (V.T.)
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Wang JM, Wang H, Chen EC, Chen YJ, Wu TM. Enhanced Photodegradation Stability in Poly(butylene adipate- co-terephthalate) Composites Using Organically Modified Layered Zinc Phenylphosphonate. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12091968. [PMID: 32872635 PMCID: PMC7570239 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The enhancement of the ultraviolet (UV) photodegradation resistance of biodegradable polymers can improve their application efficacy in a natural environment. In this study, the hexadecylamine modified layered zinc phenylphosphonate (m-PPZn) was used as a UV protection additive for poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) via solution mixing. The results from the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction analysis of the m-PPZn indicated the occurrence of hexadecylamine intercalation. FTIR and gel permeation chromatography were used to characterize the evolution of the PBAT/m-PPZn composites after being artificially irradiated via a light source. The various functional groups produced via photodegradation were analyzed to illustrate the enhanced UV protection ability of m-PPZn in the composite materials. From the appearance, the yellowness index of the PBAT/m-PPZn composite materials was significantly lower than that of the pure PBAT matrix due to photodegradation. These results were confirmed by the molecular weight reduction in PBAT with increasing m-PPZn content, possibly due to the UV photon energy reflection by the m-PPZn. This study presents a novel approach of improving the UV photodegradation of a biodegradable polymer using an organically modified layered zinc phenylphosphonate composite.
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Rapisarda M, Patanè C, Pellegrino A, Malvuccio A, Rizzo V, Muratore G, Rizzarelli P. Compostable Polylactide and Cellulose Based Packaging for Fresh-Cut Cherry Tomatoes: Performance Evaluation and Influence of Sterilization Treatment. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E3432. [PMID: 32759717 PMCID: PMC7435480 DOI: 10.3390/ma13153432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
For food packaging, plastic materials display large appeal, mostly due to their versatility, mechanical, optical and barrier properties. However, they play an important role in environmental concerns and waste management issue. Compostable bioplastics represent alternative materials designed for a lower environmental impact. In this work, a biobased compostable packaging, constituted by polylactide (PLA) trays and NatureFlex™ film, was evaluated for fresh-cut cherry tomato. A comparative analysis was accomplished using traditional packaging materials, that is, polyethylene terephtalate (PET) trays and polypropylene (PP Coex) film. Structural stability under food contact conditions, mechanical and physical-chemical properties were investigated. Tensile mechanical properties, puncture resistance, contact angle (CA) and attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), before and after UV or radiofrequency (RF) sterilization treatment, were evaluated. UV irradiation method resulted the less invasive one. Therefore, oxygen and water vapor transmission rate (OTR and WVTR), overall chemical migration test, biodegradation assessment by biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) according to ISO 14851 and disintegration test by ISO 20200 were carried out to establish the further influence of UV sterilization on the packaging. Overall, data showed that the biobased compostable packaging for a prolonged shelf-life of fresh-cut cherry tomato has better properties that were surprisingly enhanced by the UV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rapisarda
- CNR-Istituto per i Polimeri, Compositi e Biomateriali (IPCB)-SS di Catania, via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy;
| | - Cristina Patanè
- CNR-Istituto per la BioEconomia (IBE), SS di Catania, via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.P.); (A.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Alessandra Pellegrino
- CNR-Istituto per la BioEconomia (IBE), SS di Catania, via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.P.); (A.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Angelo Malvuccio
- CNR-Istituto per la BioEconomia (IBE), SS di Catania, via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.P.); (A.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Valeria Rizzo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment-Di3A, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy; (V.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Muratore
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment-Di3A, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy; (V.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Paola Rizzarelli
- CNR-Istituto per i Polimeri, Compositi e Biomateriali (IPCB)-SS di Catania, via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy;
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25
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Blanco I, Pantani R, Pizzi A, Sorrentino A. State-of-the-Art Polymer Science and Technology in Italy. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081721. [PMID: 32751901 PMCID: PMC7464020 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ignazio Blanco
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture and INSTM UdR, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: (I.B.); (R.P.); (A.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Roberto Pantani
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
- Correspondence: (I.B.); (R.P.); (A.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonio Pizzi
- LERMAB, Laboratoire d’Etude et de Recherche sur le MAteriau Bois, Université de Lorraine, 27 rue Philippe Seguin, CS60036, 88021 Epinal, France
- Correspondence: (I.B.); (R.P.); (A.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Andrea Sorrentino
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Previati 1/C, 23900 Lecco, Italy
- Correspondence: (I.B.); (R.P.); (A.P.); (A.S.)
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26
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Mistretta MC, La Mantia FP, Titone V, Botta L, Pedeferri M, Morreale M. Effect of ultraviolet and moisture action on biodegradable polymers and their blend. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2280800020926653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the suitability of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) and PBAT/PLA blend samples to outdoor applications were investigated in terms of mechanical, morphological and visual properties in presence of ultraviolet action and water, finding that PLA in particular can be actually considered for such applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vincenzo Titone
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luigi Botta
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mariapia Pedeferri
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Morreale
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy
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