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Shu Q, Xie S, Junaid M, Zheng R, Tang H, Zou J, Zhou A. MPs and PFOS single and combined exposure significantly alter genetic expressions of growth hormone and insulin growth factor-related biomarkers during zebrafish embryonic development. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:174925. [PMID: 39043301 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are emerging pollutants that are ubiquitously present in the environment and can cause series of ecotoxicological effects on aquatic animals. This study examined how the expression of genes related to insulin growth factor (igf1, igf2a, igf2b, igfra, and igfrb) and growth hormone (ghrh, gh1, ghra, and ghrb) changes during the development of zebrafish embryos exposed to 8 μm polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) individually and in combination for 72 h. Our findings revealed that both low-concentrations of MP (50 μg/L) and PFOS (0.02 μg/L) treatments could significantly activate gene expression within a short period. High concentrations of MPs (500 μg/L) and PFOS (0.1 μg/L) not only rapidly activated gene expression but also sustained high expression levels for a longer duration. During combined exposures, peak gene expression in the low concentration groups (50 μg/L MPs and 0.02 μg/L PFOS; 50 μg/L MPs and 0.1 μg/L PFOS) primarily occurred within 12 h after treatment. In the high concentration groups (500 μg/L MPs and 0.02 μg/L PFOS), peak expression was also observed within 12 h. Notably, the combined exposure groups exhibited more pronounced effects on gene expression than the individual exposure groups. The activation of gene expression was both more significant and longer-lasting in the combined exposure, indicating a synergistic regulatory effect of MPs and PFOS. Overall, our study suggests that zebrafish embryo development can be significantly impacted by exposure to MPs, PFOS, and their combination, with combined exposures having a more lasting and profound effect on gene regulation compared to single exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Shu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaolin Xie
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Ran Zheng
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Huijuan Tang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jixing Zou
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
| | - Aiguo Zhou
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
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2
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Laranjeiro F, Rotander A, López-Ibáñez S, Vilas A, Södergren Seilitz F, Clérandeau C, Sampalo M, Rial D, Bellas J, Cachot J, Almeda R, Beiras R. Comparative assessment of the acute toxicity of commercial bio-based polymer leachates on marine plankton. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174403. [PMID: 38960198 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Conventional plastics have become a major environmental concern due to their persistence and accumulation in marine ecosystems. The development of potential degradable polymers (PBP), such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and polylactic acid (PLA), has gained attention as an alternative to mitigate plastic pollution, since they have the potential to biodegrade under certain conditions, and their production is increasing as replacement of conventional polyolefins. This study aimed to assess and compare the toxicity of leachates of pre-compounding PBP (PLA and the PHA, polyhydroxybutyrate-covalerate (PHBv)) and polypropylene (PP) on five marine planktonic species. A battery of standard bioassays using bacteria, microalgae, sea urchin embryos, mussel embryos and copepod nauplii was conducted to assess the toxicity of leachates from those polymers. Additionally, the presence of chemical additives in the leachates was also verified through GC-MS and LC-HRMS analysis. Results showed that PHBv leachates exhibited higher toxicity compared to other polymers, with the microalgae Rhodomonas salina, being the most sensitive species to the tested leachates. On the other hand, PP and PLA generally displayed minimal to no toxicity in the studied species. Estimated species sensitivity distribution curves (SSD) show that PHBv leachates can be 10 times more hazardous to marine plankton than PP or PLA leachates, as demonstrated by the calculated Hazardous Concentration for 5 % of species (HC5). Qualitative chemical analysis supports the toxicological results, with 80 % of compounds being identified in PHBv leachates of which 2,4,6-trichlorophenol is worth mentioning due to the deleterious effects to aquatic biota described in literature. These findings underscore the fact that whereas environmental persistence can be targeted using PBP, the issue of chemical safety remains unsolved by some alternatives, such as PHBv. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the toxicity profiles of PBP materials through a priori toxicological risk assessment is vital for their responsible application as alternatives to conventional plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Laranjeiro
- ECIMAT, Centro de Investigación Mariña (CIM), Universidade de Vigo, 36331 Vigo, Galicia, Spain.
| | - A Rotander
- MTM Research Centre, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - S López-Ibáñez
- ECIMAT, Centro de Investigación Mariña (CIM), Universidade de Vigo, 36331 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - A Vilas
- ECIMAT, Centro de Investigación Mariña (CIM), Universidade de Vigo, 36331 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | | | - C Clérandeau
- EPOC, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - M Sampalo
- EOMAR, ECOAQUA, University of Las Palmas of Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - D Rial
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Subida a Radio Faro, 50-52 36390 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - J Bellas
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Subida a Radio Faro, 50-52 36390 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - J Cachot
- EPOC, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - R Almeda
- EOMAR, ECOAQUA, University of Las Palmas of Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - R Beiras
- ECIMAT, Centro de Investigación Mariña (CIM), Universidade de Vigo, 36331 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
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3
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Zhong Z, Huang W, Yin Y, Wang S, Chen L, Chen Z, Wang J, Li L, Khalid M, Hu M, Wang Y. Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate enhances the adverse effects of biodegradable polylactic acid microplastics on the mussel Mytilus coruscus. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 359:124741. [PMID: 39147220 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) have recently become ubiquitous and cumulative pollutants in the oceans. Since OPFRs are added to or adsorbed onto MPs as additives, it is necessary to study the composite contamination of OPFRs and MPs, with less focus on bio-based PLA. Therefore, this study focused on the ecotoxicity of the biodegradable MP polylactic acid (PLA) (5 μm, irregular fragments, 102 and 106 particles/L), and a representative OPFRs tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP, 0.5 and 50 μg/L) at environmental and high concentrations. The mussel Mytilus coruscus was used as a standardised bioindicator for exposure experiments. The focus was on examining oxidative stress (catalase, CAT, superoxide dismutase, SOD, malondialdehyde, MDA), immune responses acid (phosphatase, ACP, alkaline phosphatase, AKP, lysozyme, LZM), neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase, AChE), energy metabolism (lactate dehydrogenase, LDH, succinate dehydrogenase, SDH, hexokinase, HK), and physiological indices (absorption efficiency, AE, excretion rate, ER, respiration rate, RR, condition index, CI) after 14 days exposure. The results of significantly increased oxidative stress and immune responses, and significantly disturbed energy metabolism and physiological activities, together with an integrated biomarker response (IBR) analysis, indicate that bio-based PLA MPs and TCPP could cause adverse effects on mussels. Meanwhile, TCPP interacted significantly with PLA, especially at environmental concentrations, resulting in more severe negative impacts on oxidative and immune stress, and neurotoxicity. The more severe adverse effects at environmental concentrations indicate higher ecological risks of PLA, TCPP and their combination in the real marine environment. Our study presents reliable data on the complex effects of bio-based MP PLA, TCPP and their combination on marine organisms and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhong
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Yiwei Yin
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Shixiu Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Liming Chen
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhaowen Chen
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jiacheng Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Li'ang Li
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Mansoor Khalid
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Menghong Hu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Youji Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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Bouyahya C, Klonos PA, Zamboulis A, Xanthopoulou E, Ainali NM, Majdoub M, Kyritsis A, Bikiaris DN. Preparation and Structural-Thermodynamical Investigation of Renewable Copolyesters Based on Poly (Ethylene Succinate) and Polyisosorbide. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2173. [PMID: 39125197 PMCID: PMC11314190 DOI: 10.3390/polym16152173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of novel renewable copolymers based on poly(ethylene succinate) (PESu) and poly(isosorbide succinate) (PISSu), with the Isosorbide (Is)/PESu molar ratio varying from 5/95 to 75/25, were synthesized in-situ and studied in this work. A sum of characterization techniques was employed here for the structural and thermo-dynamical characterization. The sophisticated technique of dielectric spectroscopy, along with proper analysis, enabled the molecular dynamics mapping of both the local and segmental types, which is presented for such materials for the first time. With increasing the Is fraction, shorter copolymeric entities were gradually formed. Based on the overall findings, the systems were found to be homogeneous, e.g., exhibiting single glass transitions, with the two polymer segments being found to be excellently distributed. The latter is indirect, although strong, evidence for the successful copolymerization. The thermal degradation mechanism for the copolymers was exhaustingly explored employing analytical pyrolysis. The systems exhibited, in general, good thermal stability, according to the thermogravimetric analysis. Confirming one of the initial scopes for the present systems, isosorbide plays here the role of hardener (PISSu) over the soft polymer (PESu), and this is reflected in the monotonic increase of the glass transition temperature, Tg, from -16 to ~56 °C. The introduction of Is results in an increase in constraints (hardening of the matrix), while there seems to be an overall densification of the polymer (decrease of the free volume).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaima Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.B.); (A.Z.); (N.M.A.)
- Laboratoire des Interfaces et Matériaux Avancés, Université de Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia;
| | - Panagiotis A. Klonos
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.B.); (A.Z.); (N.M.A.)
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 157 80 Athens, Greece;
| | - Alexandra Zamboulis
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.B.); (A.Z.); (N.M.A.)
| | - Eleftheria Xanthopoulou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.B.); (A.Z.); (N.M.A.)
| | - Nina Maria Ainali
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.B.); (A.Z.); (N.M.A.)
| | - Mustapha Majdoub
- Laboratoire des Interfaces et Matériaux Avancés, Université de Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia;
| | - Apostolos Kyritsis
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 157 80 Athens, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.B.); (A.Z.); (N.M.A.)
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5
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Srihanam P, Pakkethati K, Srisuwan Y, Phromsopha T, Manphae A, Phinyocheep P, Yamaguchi M, Baimark Y. Utilization of bamboo biochar as a multi-functional filler of flexible poly(L-lactide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(L-lactide) bioplastic. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17601. [PMID: 39080452 PMCID: PMC11289244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68638-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable poly(L-lactide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(L-lactide) (PLLA-PEG-PLLA) triblock copolymer could potentially be used in bioplastic applications because it is more flexible than PLLA. However, investigations into modifying PLLA-PEG-PLLA with effective fillers are still required. In this work, bamboo biochar (BC) was used as an eco-friendly and cost-effective filler for the flexible PLLA-PEG-PLLA. The influences of BC addition on crystallization properties, thermal stability, hydrophilicity, and mechanical properties of the PLLA-PEG-PLLA were explored and compared to those of the PLLA. The PLLA-PEG-PLLA matrix and BC filler were found to have strong interfacial adhesion and good phase compatibility, while the PLLA/BC composites displayed weak interfacial adhesion and poor phase compatibility. For the PLLA-PEG-PLLA, the addition of BC induced a nucleation effect that was characterized by a decrease in the cold crystallization temperature from 76 to 71-75 °C and an increase in the crystallinity from 18.6 to 21.8-24.0%; however, this effect was not observed for the PLLA. When compared to pure PLLA-PEG-PLLA, the PLLA-PEG-PLLA/BC composites displayed greater thermal stability, tensile stress, and Young's modulus. Temperature at maximum decomposition rate (Td,max) of PLLA end-blocks increased from 315 to 319-342 °C. Ultimate tensile stress of PLLA-PEG-PLLA matrix improved from 14.5 to 16.2-22.6 MPa and Young's modulus increased from 220 to 280-340 MPa. Based on the findings, the crystallizability, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of the flexible PLLA-PEG-PLLA bioplastic were all enhanced by the use of BC as a multi-functional filler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasong Srihanam
- Biodegradable Polymers Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Kansiri Pakkethati
- Biodegradable Polymers Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Yaowalak Srisuwan
- Biodegradable Polymers Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Theeraphol Phromsopha
- Biodegradable Polymers Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Apirada Manphae
- Biodegradable Polymers Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, 44150, Thailand
- Scientific Instrument Academic Service Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Pranee Phinyocheep
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Payathai, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Masayuki Yamaguchi
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1, Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1292, Japan
| | - Yodthong Baimark
- Biodegradable Polymers Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, 44150, Thailand.
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Eker F, Duman H, Akdaşçi E, Bolat E, Sarıtaş S, Karav S, Witkowska AM. A Comprehensive Review of Nanoparticles: From Classification to Application and Toxicity. Molecules 2024; 29:3482. [PMID: 39124888 PMCID: PMC11314082 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles are structures that possess unique properties with high surface area-to-volume ratio. Their small size, up to 100 nm, and potential for surface modifications have enabled their use in a wide range of applications. Various factors influence the properties and applications of NPs, including the synthesis method and physical attributes such as size and shape. Additionally, the materials used in the synthesis of NPs are primary determinants of their application. Based on the chosen material, NPs are generally classified into three categories: organic, inorganic, and carbon-based. These categories include a variety of materials, such as proteins, polymers, metal ions, lipids and derivatives, magnetic minerals, and so on. Each material possesses unique attributes that influence the activity and application of the NPs. Consequently, certain NPs are typically used in particular areas because they possess higher efficiency along with tenable toxicity. Therefore, the classification and the base material in the NP synthesis hold significant importance in both NP research and application. In this paper, we discuss these classifications, exemplify most of the major materials, and categorize them according to their preferred area of application. This review provides an overall review of the materials, including their application, and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furkan Eker
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Türkiye; (F.E.); (H.D.); (E.A.); (E.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Hatice Duman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Türkiye; (F.E.); (H.D.); (E.A.); (E.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Emir Akdaşçi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Türkiye; (F.E.); (H.D.); (E.A.); (E.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Ecem Bolat
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Türkiye; (F.E.); (H.D.); (E.A.); (E.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Sümeyye Sarıtaş
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Türkiye; (F.E.); (H.D.); (E.A.); (E.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Sercan Karav
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Türkiye; (F.E.); (H.D.); (E.A.); (E.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Anna Maria Witkowska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
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Courtene-Jones W, Burgevin F, Munns L, Shillam MBT, De Falco F, Buchard A, Handy RD, Thompson RC, Hanley ME. Deterioration of bio-based polylactic acid plastic teabags under environmental conditions and their associated effects on earthworms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:172806. [PMID: 38772795 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
In response to the plastic waste crisis, teabag producers have substituted the petrochemical-plastic content of their products with bio-based, biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA). Despite widespread use, the degradation rate of PLA/PLA-blended materials in natural soil and their effects on soil biota are poorly understood. This study examined the percentage mass deterioration of teabags with differing cellulose:PLA compositions following burial (-10 cm depth) in an arable field margin for 7-months, using a suite of analytical techniques, such as size exclusion chromatography, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, dynamic scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. The effect of 28-d exposure to teabag discs at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.02 %, 0.04 % and 0.07 % w/w) on the survival, growth and reproduction (OECD TG 222 protocol) of the key soil detritivore Eisenia fetida was assessed in laboratory trials. After 7-month burial, Tbag-A (2.4:1 blend) and Tbag-B (3.5:1 cellulose:PLA blend) lost 66 ± 5 % and 78 ± 4 % of their total mass, primarily attributed to degradation of cellulose as identified by FTIR spectroscopy and a reduction in the cellulose:PLA mass ratio, while Tbag-C (PLA) remained unchanged. There were clear treatment and dose-specific effects on the growth and reproductive output of E. fetida. At 0.07 % w/w of Tbag-A adult mortality marginally increased (15 %) and both the quantity of egg cocoons and the average mass of juveniles also increased, while at concentrations ≥0.04 % w/w of Tbag-C, the quantity of cocoons was suppressed. Adverse effects are comparable to those reported for non-biodegradable petrochemical-based plastic, demonstrating that bio-based PLA does not offer a more 'environmentally friendly' alternative. Our study emphasises the necessity to better understand the environmental fate and ecotoxicity of PLA/PLA-blends to ensure interventions developed through the UN Plastic Pollution Treaty to use alternatives and substitutes to conventional plastics do not result in unintended negative consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Courtene-Jones
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - F Burgevin
- Institute for Sustainability, Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - L Munns
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK
| | - M B T Shillam
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK
| | - F De Falco
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK; School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, PL4 8AA Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - A Buchard
- Institute for Sustainability, Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - R D Handy
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK
| | - R C Thompson
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK
| | - M E Hanley
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK
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8
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Barcena AJR, Ravi P, Kundu S, Tappa K. Emerging Biomedical and Clinical Applications of 3D-Printed Poly(Lactic Acid)-Based Devices and Delivery Systems. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:705. [PMID: 39061787 PMCID: PMC11273440 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11070705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is widely used in the field of medicine due to its biocompatibility, versatility, and cost-effectiveness. Three-dimensional (3D) printing or the systematic deposition of PLA in layers has enabled the fabrication of customized scaffolds for various biomedical and clinical applications. In tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, 3D-printed PLA has been mostly used to generate bone tissue scaffolds, typically in combination with different polymers and ceramics. PLA's versatility has also allowed the development of drug-eluting constructs for the controlled release of various agents, such as antibiotics, antivirals, anti-hypertensives, chemotherapeutics, hormones, and vitamins. Additionally, 3D-printed PLA has recently been used to develop diagnostic electrodes, prostheses, orthoses, surgical instruments, and radiotherapy devices. PLA has provided a cost-effective, accessible, and safer means of improving patient care through surgical and dosimetry guides, as well as enhancing medical education through training models and simulators. Overall, the widespread use of 3D-printed PLA in biomedical and clinical settings is expected to persistently stimulate biomedical innovation and revolutionize patient care and healthcare delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan John R. Barcena
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Prashanth Ravi
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA;
| | - Suprateek Kundu
- Department of Biostatistics, Division of Basic Science Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Karthik Tappa
- Department of Breast Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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9
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Karabagias VK, Giannakas AE, Andritsos ND, Leontiou AA, Moschovas D, Karydis-Messinis A, Avgeropoulos A, Zafeiropoulos NE, Proestos C, Salmas CE. Shelf Life of Minced Pork in Vacuum-Adsorbed Carvacrol@Natural Zeolite Nanohybrids and Poly-Lactic Acid/Triethyl Citrate/Carvacrol@Natural Zeolite Self-Healable Active Packaging Films. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:776. [PMID: 39061844 PMCID: PMC11274301 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Enhancing food preservation and safety using environmentally friendly techniques is urgently needed. The aim of this study was to develop food packaging films using biodegradable poly-L-lactic acid (PLA) as biopolymer and carvacrol (CV) essential oil as an antioxidant/antibacterial agent for the replacement of chemical additives. CV was adsorbed onto natural zeolite (NZ) via a new vacuum adsorption method. The novel nanohybrid CV@NZ with a high CV content contained 61.7%wt. CV. Pure NZ and the CV@NZ nanohybrid were successfully dispersed in a PLA/triethyl citrate (TEC) matrix via a melt extrusion process to obtain PLA/TEC/xCV@NZ and PLA/TEC/xNZ nanocomposite films with 5, 10, and 15%wt CV@NZ or pure NZ content. The optimum resulting film PLA/TEC/10CV@NZ contained 10%wt. CV@NZ and exhibited self-healable properties, 22% higher tensile strength, 40% higher elongation at break, 45% higher water barrier, and 40% higher oxygen barrier than the pure PLA/TEC matrix. This film also had a high CV release content, high CV control release rate as well as 2.15 mg/L half maximal effective concentration (EC50) and 0.27 mm and 0.16 mm inhibition zones against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, respectively. This film not only succeeded in extending the shelf life of fresh minced pork, as shown by the total viable count measurements in four days but also prevented the lipid oxidation of fresh minced pork and provided higher nutritional values of the minced meat, as revealed by the heme iron content determination. It also had much better and acceptable sensory characteristics than the commercial packaging paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilios K. Karabagias
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Patras, 30100 Agrinio, Greece; (V.K.K.); (N.D.A.); (A.A.L.)
| | - Aris E. Giannakas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Patras, 30100 Agrinio, Greece; (V.K.K.); (N.D.A.); (A.A.L.)
| | - Nikolaos D. Andritsos
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Patras, 30100 Agrinio, Greece; (V.K.K.); (N.D.A.); (A.A.L.)
| | - Areti A. Leontiou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Patras, 30100 Agrinio, Greece; (V.K.K.); (N.D.A.); (A.A.L.)
| | - Dimitrios Moschovas
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (D.M.); (A.K.-M.); (A.A.); (N.E.Z.)
| | - Andreas Karydis-Messinis
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (D.M.); (A.K.-M.); (A.A.); (N.E.Z.)
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (D.M.); (A.K.-M.); (A.A.); (N.E.Z.)
| | - Nikolaos E. Zafeiropoulos
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (D.M.); (A.K.-M.); (A.A.); (N.E.Z.)
| | - Charalampos Proestos
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece;
| | - Constantinos E. Salmas
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (D.M.); (A.K.-M.); (A.A.); (N.E.Z.)
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10
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Makri SP, Klonos PA, Marra G, Karathanasis AZ, Deligkiozi I, Valera MÁ, Mangas A, Nikolaidis N, Terzopoulou Z, Kyritsis A, Bikiaris DN. Structure-property relationships in renewable composites of poly(lactic acid) reinforced by low amounts of micro- and nano-kraft-lignin. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:5014-5027. [PMID: 38885039 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00622d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
We investigate the direct and indirect effects of micro- and nano-kraft lignin, kL and NkL, respectively, at a quite low amount of 0.5 wt%, in poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-based composites. These renewable composites were prepared via two routes, either simple melt compounding or in situ reactive extrusion. The materials are selected and prepared using targeted methods in order to vary two variables, i.e., the size of kL and the synthetic method, while maintaining constant polymer chain lengths, L-/D-lactide isomer ratio and filler amounts. The direct/indirect effects were respectively investigated in the amorphous/semicrystalline state, as crystallinity plays in general a dominant role in polymers. The investigation involves structural, thermal and molecular mobility aspects. Non-extensive polymer-lignin interactions were recorded here, whereas the presence of the fillers led to both enhancements and suppressions of properties, e.g., glass transition, crystallization, melting temperatures, etc. The local and segmental molecular dynamics map of the said systems was constructed and is shown here for the first time, demonstrating both expected and unexpected trends. An interesting discrepancy between the trends in the calorimetric measurement against the dielectric Tg is revealed, providing indications for 'dynamical heterogeneities' in the composites as compared to neat PLA. The reactive extrusion as compared to compounding-based systems was found to exhibit stronger effects on crystallizability and mobility, most, probably due to the severe enhancement of the chains' diffusion. In general, the effects are more pronounced when employing nano-lignin compared to micro-lignin, which is the expected beneficial behaviour of nanocomposites vs. conventional composites. Interestingly, the variety of these effects can be easily manipulated by the proper selection of the preparation method and/or the thermal treatment under relatively mild conditions. The latter capability is actually desirable for processing and targeted applications and is proved here, once again, as an advantage of biobased polyesters such as PLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia P Makri
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Creative Nano PC, 43 Tatoiou, Metamorfosi, 14451 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis A Klonos
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Dielectrics Group, Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Giacomo Marra
- AIMPLAS, Asociación de Investigación de Materiales Plásticos Y Conexas, Mechanochemistry & Reactive Extrusion, Carrer de Gustave Eiffel, 4, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Miguel Ángel Valera
- AIMPLAS, Asociación de Investigación de Materiales Plásticos Y Conexas, Mechanochemistry & Reactive Extrusion, Carrer de Gustave Eiffel, 4, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Mangas
- AIMPLAS, Asociación de Investigación de Materiales Plásticos Y Conexas, Mechanochemistry & Reactive Extrusion, Carrer de Gustave Eiffel, 4, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Nikolaos Nikolaidis
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Zoi Terzopoulou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Apostolos Kyritsis
- Dielectrics Group, Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios N Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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11
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Rajendran DS, Venkataraman S, Jha SK, Chakrabarty D, Kumar VV. A review on bio-based polymer polylactic acid potential on sustainable food packaging. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:1759-1788. [PMID: 38752115 PMCID: PMC11091039 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-024-01543-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) stands as a compelling alternative to conventional plastic-based packaging, signifying a notable shift toward sustainable material utilization. This comprehensive analysis illuminates the manifold applications of PLA composites within the realm of the food industry, emphasizing its pivotal role in food packaging and preservation. Noteworthy attributes of PLA composites with phenolic active compounds (phenolic acid and aldehyde, terpenes, carotenoid, and so on) include robust antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, significantly enhancing its capability to bolster adherence to stringent food safety standards. The incorporation of microbial and synthetic biopolymers, polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, oils, proteins and peptides to PLA in packaging solutions arises from its inherent non-toxicity and outstanding mechanical as well as thermal resilience. Functioning as a proficient film producer, PLA constructs an ideal preservation environment by merging optical and permeability traits. Esteemed as a pioneer in environmentally mindful packaging, PLA diminishes ecological footprints owing to its innate biodegradability. Primarily, the adoption of PLA extends the shelf life of products and encourages an eco-centric approach, marking a significant stride toward the food industry's embrace of sustainable packaging methodologies. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Devi Sri Rajendran
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRM IST), Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| | - Swethaa Venkataraman
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRM IST), Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| | - Satyendra Kumar Jha
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRM IST), Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| | - Disha Chakrabarty
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRM IST), Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| | - Vaidyanathan Vinoth Kumar
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRM IST), Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203 India
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12
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Rahmati F, Sethi D, Shu W, Asgari Lajayer B, Mosaferi M, Thomson A, Price GW. Advances in microbial exoenzymes bioengineering for improvement of bioplastics degradation. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141749. [PMID: 38521099 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Plastic pollution has become a major global concern, posing numerous challenges for the environment and wildlife. Most conventional ways of plastics degradation are inefficient and cause great damage to ecosystems. The development of biodegradable plastics offers a promising solution for waste management. These plastics are designed to break down under various conditions, opening up new possibilities to mitigate the negative impact of traditional plastics. Microbes, including bacteria and fungi, play a crucial role in the degradation of bioplastics by producing and secreting extracellular enzymes, such as cutinase, lipases, and proteases. However, these microbial enzymes are sensitive to extreme environmental conditions, such as temperature and acidity, affecting their functions and stability. To address these challenges, scientists have employed protein engineering and immobilization techniques to enhance enzyme stability and predict protein structures. Strategies such as improving enzyme and substrate interaction, increasing enzyme thermostability, reinforcing the bonding between the active site of the enzyme and substrate, and refining enzyme activity are being utilized to boost enzyme immobilization and functionality. Recently, bioengineering through gene cloning and expression in potential microorganisms, has revolutionized the biodegradation of bioplastics. This review aimed to discuss the most recent protein engineering strategies for modifying bioplastic-degrading enzymes in terms of stability and functionality, including enzyme thermostability enhancement, reinforcing the substrate binding to the enzyme active site, refining with other enzymes, and improvement of enzyme surface and substrate action. Additionally, discovered bioplastic-degrading exoenzymes by metagenomics techniques were emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Rahmati
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Qom 37185364, Iran
| | - Debadatta Sethi
- Sugarcane Research Station, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Nayagarh, India
| | - Weixi Shu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | | | - Mohammad Mosaferi
- Health and Environment Research Center, Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Allan Thomson
- Perennia Food and Agriculture Corporation., 173 Dr. Bernie MacDonald Dr., Bible Hill, Truro, NS, B6L 2H5, Canada
| | - G W Price
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada.
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13
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Chatrath S, Alotaibi M, Barry CF. Performance of Recycled Polylactic Acid/Amorphous Polyhydroxyalkanoate Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1230. [PMID: 38732699 PMCID: PMC11085229 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Blends of polylactic acid (PLA) with amorphous polyhydroxyalkanoate (aPHA) are less brittle than neat PLA, thus enabling their use as biodegradable packaging. This work investigated the impact of recycling on the properties of neat PLA and PLA/aPHA blends with 90 and 75 wt. % PLA. After the materials were subjected to five heat histories in a single-screw extruder, the mechanical, rheological, and thermal properties were measured. All recycled compounds with 100% PLA and 75% PLA had similar decomposition behavior, whereas the decomposition temperatures for the blends with 90% PLA decreased with each additional heat cycle. The glass transition and melting temperatures were not impacted by reprocessing, but the crystallinity increased with more heat cycles. The complex viscosity of the reprocessed PLA and PLA/aPHA blends was much lower than for the neat PLA and increasing the number of heat cycles produced smaller reductions in the complex viscosity of 100% PLA and the blend with 90% PLA; no change in complex viscosity was observed for blends with 75% PLA exposed to 2 to 5 heat cycles. The tensile properties were not affected by reprocessing, whereas the impact strength for the 75% PLA blend decreased with reprocessing. These properties suggest that users will be able to incorporate scrap into the neat resin for thermoformed packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carol Forance Barry
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01879, USA
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14
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Chang CC, Chen MT, Huang TL, Chen CT. Tunable zinc benzamidinate complexes: coordination modes and catalytic activity in the ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:7229-7238. [PMID: 38584516 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00188e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Seven asymmetric zinc benzamidinate complexes featuring or lacking side-arm functionalities were synthesized. Using equimolar zinc reagent produced distinct dinuclear motifs [(C6H5-C = NC6H5)ZnEt]2 (R = tBu, 1; (CH2)2OMe, 2; (CH2)2NMe2, 3). Half the zinc reagent yielded dinuclear [(C6H5-C = NC6H5)2Zn]2 (R = tBu, 4) or mononuclear zinc bis(chelate) complexes (R = (CH2)2OMe, 5; (CH2)2NMe2, 6; CH2Py, 7). Molecular structures of 1-4 and 7 were determined via single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Altering benzamidinate substituents modifies both coordination modes and catalytic activities in ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide. Specifically, complex 7 exhibits enhanced catalytic activity at 25 °C using 100 equivalents of L-lactide with a turnover frequency of 1820 h-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chieh Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Ming-Tsz Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Tzu-Lun Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Chi-Tien Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
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15
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Sessini V, Salaris V, Oliver-Cuenca V, Tercjak A, Fiori S, López D, Kenny JM, Peponi L. Thermally-Activated Shape Memory Behavior of Biodegradable Blends Based on Plasticized PLA and Thermoplastic Starch. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1107. [PMID: 38675026 PMCID: PMC11054922 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable blends based on plasticized poly(lactic acid) PLA and thermoplastic starch (TPS) have been obtained. The influence of the PLA plasticizer as a compatibility agent has been studied by using two different plasticizers such as neat oligomeric lactic acid (OLA) and functionalized with maleic acid (mOLA). In particular, the morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties have been studied as well as the shape memory ability of the melt-processed materials. Therefore, the influence of the interaction between different plasticizers and the PLA matrix as well as the compatibility between the two polymeric phases on the thermally-activated shape memory properties have been studied. It is very interesting to use the same additive able to act as both plasticizer and compatibilizer, decreasing the glass transition temperature of PLA to a temperature close to the physiological one, obtaining a material suitable for potential biomedical applications. In particular, we obtain that OLA-plasticized blend (oPLA/TPS) show very good thermally-activated capability at 45 °C and 50% deformation, while the blend obtained by using maleic OLA (moPLA/TPS) did not show shape memory behavior at 45 °C and 50% deformation. This fact is due to their morphological changes and the loss of two well-distinguished phases, one acting as fixed phase and the other one acting as switching phase to typically obtain shape memory response. Therefore, the thermally-activated shape memory results show that it is very important to make a balance between plasticizer and compatibilizer, considering the need of two well-established phases to obtain shape memory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Sessini
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Calle Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Alcalá University, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Valentina Salaris
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Calle Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Oliver-Cuenca
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Calle Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Agnieszka Tercjak
- Group Materials + Technologies (GMT), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Stefano Fiori
- Condensia Química SA, R&D Department, C/La Cierva 8, 08184 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel López
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Calle Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Kenny
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy
| | - Laura Peponi
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Calle Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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16
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Benkraled L, Zennaki A, Zair L, Arabeche K, Berrayah A, Barrera A, Bouberka Z, Maschke U. Effect of Plasticization/Annealing on Thermal, Dynamic Mechanical, and Rheological Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid). Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:974. [PMID: 38611232 PMCID: PMC11013295 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the use of low molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as a plasticizer for poly(lactic acid) (PLA). PLA/PEG blend films were prepared using the solvent casting method with varying mixing ratios. The films were analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and dynamic rheological analysis. The results indicate that the addition of PEG as a plasticizer affects the thermal and mechanical properties of the PLA/PEG blend films. The study found that the glass transition and cold crystallization temperatures decreased with increasing PEG content up to 20 wt%, while the crystallinity and crystallization rate increased. The blends with up to 20 wt% PEG were miscible, but phase separation occurred when the plasticizer content was increased to 30 wt%. Subsequently, amorphous samples of neat PLA and PLA plasticized with 10 wt% of PEG underwent annealing at various temperatures (Ta = 80-120 °C) for durations ta of 1 and 24 h. The samples were then analyzed using DSC and DMA. The addition of PEG to PLA altered the content of α' and α crystalline forms compared to neat PLA at a given (Ta; ta) and favored the formation of a mixture of α' and α crystals. The crystallinity achieved upon annealing increased with increasing Ta or ta and with the incorporation of PEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Benkraled
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Macromolécules (LRM), Faculté des Sciences, Université Abou Bekr Belkaïd, BP 119, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Assia Zennaki
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Macromolécules (LRM), Faculté des Sciences, Université Abou Bekr Belkaïd, BP 119, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Latifa Zair
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Macromolécules (LRM), Faculté des Sciences, Université Abou Bekr Belkaïd, BP 119, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Khadidja Arabeche
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Macromolécules (LRM), Faculté des Sciences, Université Abou Bekr Belkaïd, BP 119, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Abdelkader Berrayah
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Macromolécules (LRM), Faculté des Sciences, Université Abou Bekr Belkaïd, BP 119, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Ana Barrera
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations (UMET), UMR 8207, Université de Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Zohra Bouberka
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimique des Matériaux, Catalyse et Environnement (LPCMCE), Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Mohammed Boudiaf d’Oran (USTO-MB), Oran 31000, Algeria
| | - Ulrich Maschke
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations (UMET), UMR 8207, Université de Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, 59000 Lille, France
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17
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Sanjarnia P, Picchio ML, Polegre Solis AN, Schuhladen K, Fliss PM, Politakos N, Metterhausen L, Calderón M, Osorio-Blanco ER. Bringing innovative wound care polymer materials to the market: Challenges, developments, and new trends. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 207:115217. [PMID: 38423362 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The development of innovative products for treating acute and chronic wounds has become a significant topic in healthcare, resulting in numerous products and innovations over time. The growing number of patients with comorbidities and chronic diseases, which may significantly alter, delay, or inhibit normal wound healing, has introduced considerable new challenges into the wound management scenario. Researchers in academia have quickly identified promising solutions, and many advanced wound healing materials have recently been designed; however, their successful translation to the market remains highly complex and unlikely without the contribution of industry experts. This review article condenses the main aspects of wound healing applications that will serve as a practical guide for researchers working in academia and industry devoted to designing, evaluating, validating, and translating polymer wound care materials to the market. The article highlights the current challenges in wound management, describes the state-of-the-art products already on the market and trending polymer materials, describes the regulation pathways for approval, discusses current wound healing models, and offers a perspective on new technologies that could soon reach consumers. We envision that this comprehensive review will significantly contribute to highlighting the importance of networking and exchanges between academia and healthcare companies. Only through the joint of these two actors, where innovation, manufacturing, regulatory insights, and financial resources act in harmony, can wound care products be developed efficiently to reach patients quickly and affordably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Sanjarnia
- POLYMAT, Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal, 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Matías L Picchio
- POLYMAT, Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal, 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), CONICET, Güemes 3450, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Agustin N Polegre Solis
- Beiersdorf AG, Research & Development Department, Beiersdorfstraße 1-9, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Schuhladen
- Beiersdorf AG, Research & Development Department, Beiersdorfstraße 1-9, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patricia M Fliss
- Beiersdorf AG, Research & Development Department, Beiersdorfstraße 1-9, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Politakos
- POLYMAT, Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal, 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Lutz Metterhausen
- Beiersdorf AG, Research & Development Department, Beiersdorfstraße 1-9, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcelo Calderón
- POLYMAT, Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal, 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ernesto R Osorio-Blanco
- Beiersdorf AG, Research & Development Department, Beiersdorfstraße 1-9, 22529 Hamburg, Germany.
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18
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Al-Qahtani SD, Al-Senani GM. Immobilization of rare-earth doped aluminate nanoparticles encapsulated with silica into polylactic acid-based color-tunable smart plastic window. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130766. [PMID: 38462101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
An inorganic/organic nanocomposite was used to develop an afterglow and color-tunable smart window. A combination of polylactic acid (PLA) plastic waste as an environmentally-friendly hosting agent, and lanthanide-activated strontium aluminum oxide nanoparticles (SAON) encapsulated with silica nanoparticles (SAON@Silica) as a photoluminescent efficient agent resulted in a smart organic/inorganic nanocomposite. In order to prepare SAON-encapsulated silica nanoparticles (SAON@Silica), the SAON nanoparticles were coated with silica using the heterogeneous precipitation method. By using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), SAON showed a diameter range of 5-12 nm, while the SAON@Silica nanoparticles showed a diameter range of 50-100 nm. In order to ensure the development of a colorless plastic film, a homogeneous dispersion of the phosphorescent Phosphor@Silica nanoparticles throughout the plastic bulk was confirmed. CIE Lab coordinates and luminescence spectra were used to study the color shift characteristics. Under visible light conditions, the plastic films were transparent. The photoluminescent films emitted green light at 525 nm when excited at 375 nm. The hydrophobicity and ultraviolet protection were enhanced without altering the fundamental physico-mechanical performance of the plastic sheet. The current color-tunable plastic can be used in many potential applications, such as warning signs, anti-counterfeiting barcodes, smart windows, and protective apparel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salhah D Al-Qahtani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadah M Al-Senani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
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19
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Zikeli F, Jusic J, Palocci C, Mugnozza GS, Romagnoli M. Spray Coating of Wood with Nanoparticles from Lignin and Polylactic Glycolic Acid Loaded with Thyme Essential Oils. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:947. [PMID: 38611206 PMCID: PMC11013818 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ensuring the longevity of wooden constructions depends heavily on the preservation process. However, several traditional preservation methods involving fossil-based compounds have become outdated because they pose a significant risk to the environment and to human health. Therefore, the use of bio-based and bioactive solutions, such as essential oils, has emerged as a more sustainable alternative in protecting wood from biotic attacks. The entrapment of essential oils in polymeric carrier matrices provides protection against oxidation and subsequent degradation or rapid evaporation, which implies the loss of their biocidal effect. In this work, lignin as well as PLGA nanoparticles containing the essential oils from two different thyme species (Thymus capitatus and T. vulgaris) were applied on beech wood samples using spray coating. The prepared coatings were investigated using FTIR imaging, SEM, as well as LSM analysis. Release experiments were conducted to investigate the release behavior of the essential oils from their respective lignin and PLGA carrier materials. The study found that lignin nanoparticles were more effective at trapping and retaining essential oils than PLGA nanoparticles, despite having larger average particle diameters and a more uneven particle size distribution. An analysis of the lignin coatings showed that they formed a uniform layer that covered most of the surface pores. PLGA nanoparticles formed a film-like layer on the cell walls, and after leaching, larger areas of native wood were evident on the wood samples treated with PLGA NPs compared to the ones coated with lignin NPs. The loading capacity and efficiency varied with the type of essential oil, while the release behaviors were similar between the two essential oil types applied in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Zikeli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (F.Z.); (J.J.); (G.S.M.)
| | - Jasmina Jusic
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (F.Z.); (J.J.); (G.S.M.)
- Fraunhofer, Via Alessandro Volta 13A, 39100 Bozen, Italy
| | - Cleofe Palocci
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Research Center for Applied Sciences to the Safeguard of Environment and Cultural Heritage (CIABC), Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Scarascia Mugnozza
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (F.Z.); (J.J.); (G.S.M.)
| | - Manuela Romagnoli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (F.Z.); (J.J.); (G.S.M.)
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20
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Wang M, Li L, Duan X, Wang Z, Wang S, Liu Y, Peng Z, Wang J, Wang M, Zheng F, Jin Y, Chang KC. Ultraflexible, High-Performance Transistors and Logic Circuits on Biocompatible Polylactic Acid (PLA) Substrate. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:11749-11757. [PMID: 38381996 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Wearable and implantable devices have gained significant popularity, playing a crucial role in smart healthcare and human-machine interfaces, which necessitates the development of more complex electronic devices and circuits on biocompatible flexible materials. Polylactic acid (PLA) stands out due to its biodegradability, cost-effectiveness, and low immunogenicity. In this study, we utilize a solution-based spin-coating method to produce high-quality PLA thin films, serving as substrates for the fabrication of thin-film transistors (TFTs) in which the dielectric layer material is silicon dioxide, the channel layer material is IGZO, and the gate, drain, and source material is ITO at low temperatures (<40 °C) through a shadow masking technique. The resulting PLA-TFT devices exhibited remarkable flexibility, biocompatibility, and impressive electrical characteristics, including a charge carrier mobility of 27.81 cm2/(V s), a subthreshold swing of 162.8 mV/decade, and an ON/OFF current ratio of up to 1 × 106, and maintained performance under various deformations. We successfully constructed fundamental logic gate circuits using PLA-TFTs, including AND, OR, and NOT gates, which effectively performed logical functions and demonstrated stability under diverse bending conditions. These research findings provide valuable support for future endeavors in fabricating intricate logic circuits and realizing advanced functionalities on biocompatible flexible materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqiang Wang
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinqing Duan
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zewen Wang
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shidong Wang
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yanxin Liu
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zehui Peng
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mingge Wang
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fei Zheng
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yufeng Jin
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kuan-Chang Chang
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
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21
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Aliev G, Toms R, Melnikov P, Gervald A, Glushchenko L, Sedush N, Chvalun S. Synthesis of L-Lactide from Lactic Acid and Production of PLA Pellets: Full-Cycle Laboratory-Scale Technology. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:624. [PMID: 38475307 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactide is one of the most popular and promising monomers for the synthesis of biocompatible and biodegradable polylactide and its copolymers. The goal of this work was to carry out a full cycle of polylactide production from lactic acid. Process conditions and ratios of reagents were optimized, and the key properties of the synthesized polymers were investigated. The influence of synthesis conditions and the molecular weight of lactic acid oligomers on the yield of lactide was studied. Lactide polymerization was first carried out in a 500 mL flask and then scaled up and carried out in a 2000 mL laboratory reactor setup with a combined extruder. Initially, the lactic acid solution was concentrated to remove free water; then, the oligomerization and synthesis of lactide were carried out in one flask in the presence of various concentrations of tin octoate catalyst at temperatures from 150 to 210 °C. The yield of lactide was 67-69%. The resulting raw lactide was purified by recrystallization in solvents. The yield of lactide after recrystallization in butyl acetate (selected as the optimal solvent for laboratory purification) was 41.4%. Further, the polymerization of lactide was carried out in a reactor unit at a tin octoate catalyst concentration of 500 ppm. Conversion was 95%; Mw = 228 kDa; and PDI = 1.94. The resulting products were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. The resulting polylactide in the form of pellets was obtained using an extruder and a pelletizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gadir Aliev
- M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA-Russian Technological University, Moscow 119571, Russia
| | - Roman Toms
- M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA-Russian Technological University, Moscow 119571, Russia
| | - Pavel Melnikov
- M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA-Russian Technological University, Moscow 119571, Russia
| | - Alexander Gervald
- M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA-Russian Technological University, Moscow 119571, Russia
| | | | - Nikita Sedush
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117393, Russia
| | - Sergei Chvalun
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117393, Russia
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22
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Guo X, Li Z, He N, Zhang B, Liu X, Bao J. Detection and elimination of trace d-lactic acid in lignocellulose biorefining chain: Generation, flow, and impact on chiral lactide synthesis. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:670-682. [PMID: 37902776 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
High chiral purity of lactic acid is a crucial indicator for the synthesis of chiral lactide as the primary intermediate chemical for ring-open polymerization of high molecular weight polylactic acid (PLA). Lignocellulose biomass is the most promising carbohydrate feedstock for commercial production of PLA, but the presence of trace d-lactic acid in the biorefinery chain adversely affects the synthesis and quality of chiral lactide. This study analyzed the fingerprint of trace d-lactic acid in the biorefinery chain and found that the major source of d-lactic acid comes from lignocellulose feedstock. The naturally occurring lactic acid bacteria and water-soluble carbohydrates in lignocellulose feedstock provide the necessary conditions for d-lactic acid generation. Three strategies were proposed to eliminate the generation pathway of d-lactic acid, including reduction of moisture content, conversion of water-soluble carbohydrates to furan aldehydes in pretreatment, and conversion to l-lactic acid by inoculating engineered l-lactic acid bacteria. The natural reduction of lactic acid content in lignocellulose feedstock during storage was observed due to the lactate oxidase-catalyzed oxidation of l- and d-lactic acids. This study provided an important support for the production of cellulosic l-lactic acid with high chiral purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Niling He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Jie Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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23
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Gao P, Alanazi S, Masato D. Crystallization of Polylactic Acid with Organic Nucleating Agents under Quiescent Conditions. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:320. [PMID: 38337210 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a versatile and sustainable polymer used in various applications. This research explores the use of orotic acid (OA) and ethylene bis-stearamide (EBS) as nucleating agents to enhance the quiescent crystallization of PLA within the temperature range of 80 °C to 140 °C. Different blends were produced via melt processing before analyzing via DSC, XRD, and SEM. Our results show that both nucleating agents significantly accelerated the crystallization process and reduced the incubation time and the crystallization half-time. The most promising results were obtained with 1% EBS at 110 °C, achieving the fastest crystallization. The XRD analysis showed that at 80 °C, the disordered α'phase predominated, while more stable α phases formed at 110 °C and 140 °C. Combining the 1% nucleating agent and 110 °C promotes densely packed crystalline lamellae. The nucleated PLA exhibited a well-organized spherulitic morphology in agreement with the Avrami modeling of DSC data. Higher nucleating agent concentrations yielded smaller, more evenly distributed crystalline domains. Utilizing OA or EBS in PLA processing could offer enhanced properties, improved processability, and cost-efficiency, making PLA more competitive in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
- Department of Engineering and Design, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA
| | - Saeed Alanazi
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Davide Masato
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
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24
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Zhu J, Sun H, Yang B, Weng Y. Modified Biomass-Reinforced Polylactic Acid Composites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:336. [PMID: 38255504 PMCID: PMC10817700 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA), as a renewable and biodegradable green polymer material, is hailed as one of the most promising biopolymers capable of replacing petroleum-derived polymers for industrial applications. Nevertheless, its limited toughness, thermal stability, and barrier properties have restricted its extensive application. To address these drawbacks in PLA, research efforts have primarily focused on enhancing its properties through copolymerization, blending, and plasticization. Notably, the blending of modified biomass with PLA is expected not only to effectively improve its deficiencies but also to maintain its biodegradability, creating a fully green composite with substantial developmental prospects. This review provides a comprehensive overview of modified biomass-reinforced PLA, with an emphasis on the improvements in PLA's mechanical properties, thermal stability, and barrier properties achieved through modified cellulose, lignin, and starch. At the end of the article, a brief exploration of plasma modification of biomass is presented and provides a promising outlook for the application of reinforced PLA composite materials in the future. This review provides valuable insights regarding the path towards enhancing PLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhu
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (J.Z.); (B.Y.)
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (J.Z.); (B.Y.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Biao Yang
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (J.Z.); (B.Y.)
| | - Yunxuan Weng
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (J.Z.); (B.Y.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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25
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Alsolami ES, Alorfi HS, Alamry KA, Hussein MA. One-pot multicomponent polymerization towards heterocyclic polymers: a mini review. RSC Adv 2024; 14:1757-1781. [PMID: 38192311 PMCID: PMC10772543 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07278a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent polymerization (MCP) is an innovative field related to polymer-based chemistry that offers numerous advantages derived from multicomponent reactions (MCRs). One of the key advantages of MCP is its ability to achieve high efficiency. Additionally, MCP offers other advantages, including operational simplicity, mild reaction conditions, and atom economy. MCP is a versatile technique that is used for synthesizing a wide range of analogs from several classes of heterocyclic compounds. The ring structures of heterocyclic polymers give them different mechanical, photophysical, and electrical properties to other types of polymers. Because of their unique properties, heterocyclic polymers have been widely utilized in various significant applications. MCRs are a type of chemical reaction that can be used to synthesize a wide variety of compounds in a single pot, which allows researchers to quickly assemble libraries of compounds. The development of MCPs from MCRs has made it easier to access a library of polymers with tunable structures. However, MCPs related to alkynes or acetylene triple bonds have more potential. In this review study, we provide an overview of the synthesis of heteroatom-functional polymers and alkyne-based development or other reactions such as Cu-catalyzed, catalyst-free, MCCP, MCTPs, green monomers, A3 coupling reactions, Passerini reactions, and sequence- and controlled-multicomponent polymerization. The up-to-date progress provides a convenient and efficient kind of approach related to heteroatoms and MCP synthesis, and perspectives in terms of future directions are also discussed in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman S Alsolami
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University P. O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hajar S Alorfi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University P. O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Alamry
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University P. O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A Hussein
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University P. O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University Assiut 71516 Egypt
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26
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Santoro A, Marino M, Vandenberg LN, Szychlinska MA, Lamparelli EP, Scalia F, Rocca ND, D'Auria R, Giovanna Pastorino GM, Porta GD, Operto FF, Viggiano A, Cappello F, Meccariello R. PLASTAMINATION: Outcomes on the Central Nervous System and Reproduction. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:1870-1898. [PMID: 38549522 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x22666240216085947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental exposures to non-biodegradable and biodegradable plastics are unavoidable. Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) from the manufacturing of plastics (primary sources) and the degradation of plastic waste (secondary sources) can enter the food chain directly or indirectly and, passing biological barriers, could target both the brain and the gonads. Hence, the worldwide diffusion of environmental plastic contamination (PLASTAMINATION) in daily life may represent a possible and potentially serious risk to human health. OBJECTIVE This review provides an overview of the effects of non-biodegradable and the more recently introduced biodegradable MPs and NPs on the brain and brain-dependent reproductive functions, summarizing the molecular mechanisms and outcomes on nervous and reproductive organs. Data from in vitro, ex vivo, non-mammalian and mammalian animal models and epidemiological studies have been reviewed and discussed. RESULTS MPs and NPs from non-biodegradable plastics affect organs, tissues and cells from sensitive systems such as the brain and reproductive organs. Both MPs and NPs induce oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, energy metabolism disorders, mitochondrial dysfunction and cytotoxicity, which in turn are responsible for neuroinflammation, dysregulation of synaptic functions, metabolic dysbiosis, poor gamete quality, and neuronal and reproductive toxicity. In spite of this mechanistic knowledge gained from studies of non-biodegradable plastics, relatively little is known about the adverse effects or molecular mechanisms of MPs and NPs from biodegradable plastics. CONCLUSION The neurological and reproductive health risks of MPs/NPs exposure warrant serious consideration, and further studies on biodegradable plastics are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Santoro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Marianna Marino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Marta Anna Szychlinska
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Kore University of Enna, Cittadella Universitaria 94100 Enna (EN), Italy
| | - Erwin Pavel Lamparelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Federica Scalia
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Natalia Della Rocca
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Raffaella D'Auria
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Grazia Maria Giovanna Pastorino
- Child and Adolescence Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of 84100 Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giovanna Della Porta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Francesca Felicia Operto
- Department of Science of Health School of Medicine, University Magna Graecia 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Andrea Viggiano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, 90127, Italy
| | - Rosaria Meccariello
- Department of Movement and Wellness Sciences, Parthenope University of Naples, 80133 Naples, Italy
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27
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Chang WW, Niu J, Peng H, Rong W. Preferential formation of stereocomplex crystals in poly(L-lactic acid)/poly(D-lactic acid) blends by a fullerene nucleator. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127230. [PMID: 37797850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Selective formation of stereocomplex (sc) crystallization in enantiomeric poly(L-lactic acid)/poly(D-lactic acid) (PLLA/PDLA) blends is considered as one of the most effective and promising way to improve the mechanical and thermal properties of polylactide (PLA) materials. However, homocrystallization (hc) prevails over sc crystallization in high-molecular-weight (HMW) PLLA/PDLA blends. Herein, we propose a simple and straightforward approach for fabricating sc crystallization and suppress hc crystallization for HMW PLLA/PDLA blends through the addition of C70 as a nucleator. Non-isothermal crystallization and wide-angel X-ray diffraction studies demonstrate that, the incorporation of 1 wt% C70 overwhelmingly leads to the formation of sc crystallites, while preventing the formation of hc crystallites. Isothermal crystallization experiments at 140 °C reveal a significant reduction in the half-crystallization period of the PLLA/PDLA blend upon the addition of C70. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy suggests that, the improved intermolecular interactions between PLLA and PDLA chains, as well as the inhibition of molecular chain diffusion and mobility, contribute to the accelerated formation of sc facilitated by C70. The enhanced sc crystallization results in a 15.5 °C higher thermal stability in the as-prepared PLLA/PDLA blend with 1 wt% C70 compared to the neat counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Chang
- Analysis and Testing Center, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China.
| | - Jinye Niu
- Analysis and Testing Center, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Analysis and Testing Center, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Weifeng Rong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
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28
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Lyu L, Peng H, An C, Sun H, Yang X, Bi H. An insight into the benefits of substituting polypropylene with biodegradable polylactic acid face masks for combating environmental emissions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167137. [PMID: 37734618 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Mask waste can affect the natural environment and human health. In this study, the life cycle assessment (LCA) of two types of face masks (Polylactic acid (PLA) and Polypropylene (PP)) was first performed to evaluate the environmental impacts from production to end-of-life, and then, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were estimated for each life stage. The GHG emissions for one functional unit of PP and PLA face masks were estimated to be 6.27E+07 and 5.06E+07 kg CO2 eq, respectively. Explicitly, PLA mask production emissions are 37 % lower as compared to those for PP masks. Packaging has been recognized as a major GHG source throughout the product's life cycle. This study may provide a new insight into the environmental benefits of reducing GHG emissions within PLA face mask life cycles. Biodegradable and environmentally friendly materials can be used in the manufacturing and packaging of face masks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxiang Lyu
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - He Peng
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Chunjiang An
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada.
| | - Huijuan Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Huifang Bi
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada
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29
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Picken CAR, Buensoz O, Price PD, Fidge C, Points L, Shaver MP. Sustainable formulation polymers for home, beauty and personal care: challenges and opportunities. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12926-12940. [PMID: 38023508 PMCID: PMC10664511 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04488b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As society moves towards a net-zero future, the need to adopt more sustainable polymers is well understood, and as well as plastics, less visible formulation polymers should also be included within this shift. As researchers, industries and consumers move towards more sustainable products there is a clear need to define what sustainability means in fast moving consumer goods and how it can be considered at the design stage. In this perspective key challenges in achieving sustainable formulation polymers are highlighted, and opportunities to overcome them are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A R Picken
- Department of Materials, Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Orla Buensoz
- Department of Materials, Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Paul D Price
- Unilever R&D, Port Sunlight Laboratory Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral CH63 3JW UK
| | - Christopher Fidge
- Unilever R&D, Port Sunlight Laboratory Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral CH63 3JW UK
| | - Laurie Points
- Unilever R&D, Port Sunlight Laboratory Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral CH63 3JW UK
| | - Michael P Shaver
- Department of Materials, Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
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30
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Hardy C, Levere ME, Kociok-Köhn G, Buchard A. Radical Ring Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Ketene Acetals Derived From d-Glucal. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1443-1449. [PMID: 37824416 PMCID: PMC10666543 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
A cyclic ketene acetal (CKA) derived from d-glucal was synthesized, and its polymerization using free radicals has been investigated. NMR analysis of the resulting polymers revealed the formation of polyacetal-polyester copolymers, with up to 78% of ester linkages formed by radical ring-opening polymerization (rROP). Conversely, the polymerization of the monomer-saturated analogue only produced acetal linkages, demonstrating that the alkene functionality within the d-glucal pyranose ring is essential to promote ring-opening and ester formation, likely via the stabilization of an allyl radical. The thermal properties of the polymers were linked to the ratio of the ester and acetal linkages. Copolymerization with methyl methacrylate (MMA) afforded statistically PMMA-rich copolymers (66-98%) with linkages prone to hydrolytic degradation and decreased glass-transition temperatures. The retention of the pseudoglucal alkene function offers opportunities to functionalize further these bioderived (co)polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Hardy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Martin E. Levere
- Materials
and Chemical Characterisation Facility (MC), University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United
Kingdom
| | - Gabriele Kociok-Köhn
- Materials
and Chemical Characterisation Facility (MC), University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United
Kingdom
| | - Antoine Buchard
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- University
of Bath Institute for Sustainability, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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31
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Larrañaga X, Sarasua JR, Zuza E. Role of Inorganic Fillers on the Physical Aging and Toughness Loss of PLLA/BaSO 4 Composites. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2023; 5:9620-9631. [PMID: 38021210 PMCID: PMC10653123 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.3c02112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The addition of inorganic fillers has been reported to increase the toughness of poly(l-lactide) (PLLA), but the effect of physical aging in such composites has been neglected. The present work discusses the effect of the still ongoing segmental relaxation in PLLA-based composites filled with BaSO4 inorganic particles in regard of the filler quantity. By means of differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and tensile testing of progressively aged PLLA filled with particles ranging from 0.5-10 wt %, we observed an increase in the mechanical energy required to activate the plastic flow of the primary structure in the PLLA matrix, which resulted in the embrittlement of the majority of composites upon enough aging. Results further clarify the role of debonding in the activation process of PLLA, and the behavior of the composite is described at the segmental level. Only an addition of 10% of particles has effectively preserved a ductile behavior of the samples beyond 150 aging days; therefore, we strongly remark the significance of studying the effect of physical aging in such composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xabier Larrañaga
- Department of Mining-Metallurgy
Engineering and Materials Science & POLYMAT, Faculty of Engineering, University
of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Alameda de Urquijo s/n, Bilbao 48013, Spain
| | - Jose R. Sarasua
- Department of Mining-Metallurgy
Engineering and Materials Science & POLYMAT, Faculty of Engineering, University
of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Alameda de Urquijo s/n, Bilbao 48013, Spain
| | - Ester Zuza
- Department of Mining-Metallurgy
Engineering and Materials Science & POLYMAT, Faculty of Engineering, University
of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Alameda de Urquijo s/n, Bilbao 48013, Spain
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32
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Pemas S, Xanthopoulou E, Terzopoulou Z, Konstantopoulos G, Bikiaris DN, Kottaridi C, Tzovaras D, Pechlivani EM. Exploration of Methodologies for Developing Antimicrobial Fused Filament Fabrication Parts. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6937. [PMID: 37959534 PMCID: PMC10649695 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Composite 3D printing filaments integrating antimicrobial nanoparticles offer inherent microbial resistance, mitigating contamination and infections. Developing antimicrobial 3D-printed plastics is crucial for tailoring medical solutions, such as implants, and cutting costs when compared with metal options. Furthermore, hospital sustainability can be enhanced via on-demand 3D printing of medical tools. A PLA-based filament incorporating 5% TiO2 nanoparticles and 2% Joncryl as a chain extender was formulated to offer antimicrobial properties. Comparative analysis encompassed PLA 2% Joncryl filament and a TiO2 coating for 3D-printed specimens, evaluating mechanical and thermal properties, as well as wettability and antimicrobial characteristics. The antibacterial capability of the filaments was explored after 3D printing against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, ATCC 25923), as well as Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli, ATCC 25922), and the filaments with 5 wt.% embedded TiO2 were found to reduce the viability of both bacteria. This research aims to provide the optimal approach for antimicrobial and medical 3D printing outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Pemas
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Information Technologies Institute, 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Road, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.P.); (D.T.)
| | - Eleftheria Xanthopoulou
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers and Colors, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.X.); (D.N.B.)
| | - Zoi Terzopoulou
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers and Colors, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.X.); (D.N.B.)
| | - Georgios Konstantopoulos
- Laboratory of General Microbiology, Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.K.); (C.K.)
| | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers and Colors, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.X.); (D.N.B.)
| | - Christine Kottaridi
- Laboratory of General Microbiology, Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.K.); (C.K.)
| | - Dimitrios Tzovaras
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Information Technologies Institute, 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Road, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.P.); (D.T.)
| | - Eleftheria Maria Pechlivani
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Information Technologies Institute, 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Road, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.P.); (D.T.)
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33
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Sola A, Trinchi A. Recycling as a Key Enabler for Sustainable Additive Manufacturing of Polymer Composites: A Critical Perspective on Fused Filament Fabrication. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4219. [PMID: 37959900 PMCID: PMC10649055 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM, aka 3D printing) is generally acknowledged as a "green" technology. However, its wider uptake in industry largely relies on the development of composite feedstock for imparting superior mechanical properties and bespoke functionality. Composite materials are especially needed in polymer AM, given the otherwise poor performance of most polymer parts in load-bearing applications. As a drawback, the shift from mono-material to composite feedstock may worsen the environmental footprint of polymer AM. This perspective aims to discuss this chasm between the advantage of embedding advanced functionality, and the disadvantage of causing harm to the environment. Fused filament fabrication (FFF, aka fused deposition modelling, FDM) is analysed here as a case study on account of its unparalleled popularity. FFF, which belongs to the material extrusion (MEX) family, is presently the most widespread polymer AM technique for industrial, educational, and recreational applications. On the one hand, the FFF of composite materials has already transitioned "from lab to fab" and finally to community, with far-reaching implications for its sustainability. On the other hand, feedstock materials for FFF are thermoplastic-based, and hence highly amenable to recycling. The literature shows that recycled thermoplastic materials such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET, or its glycol-modified form PETG) can be used for printing by FFF, and FFF printed objects can be recycled when they are at the end of life. Reinforcements/fillers can also be obtained from recycled materials, which may help valorise waste materials and by-products from a wide range of industries (for example, paper, food, furniture) and from agriculture. Increasing attention is being paid to the recovery of carbon fibres (for example, from aviation), and to the reuse of glass fibre-reinforced polymers (for example, from end-of-life wind turbines). Although technical challenges and economical constraints remain, the adoption of recycling strategies appears to be essential for limiting the environmental impact of composite feedstock in FFF by reducing the depletion of natural resources, cutting down the volume of waste materials, and mitigating the dependency on petrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Sola
- Advanced Materials and Processing, Manufacturing Business Unit, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Adrian Trinchi
- Advanced Materials and Processing, Manufacturing Business Unit, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3169, Australia
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34
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Klonos PA, Bikiaris ND, Zamboulis A, Valera MÁ, Mangas A, Kyritsis A, Terzopoulou Z. Segmental mobility in sustainable copolymers based on poly(lactic acid) blocks built onto poly(butylene succinate) in situ. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:7846-7858. [PMID: 37811662 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00980g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Two series of newly synthesized sustainable block copolymers based on poly(butylene succinate) (PBSu) and polylactide (PLA) were studied. The copolymers were synthesized by a ring-opening polymerization of PLA in the presence of two initial PBSu of low molar mass. We focused on the effects of the PBSu/PLA ratio (1/99 up to 15/85), chain length and initial PBSu length on the final thermal transitions in the copolymers with an emphasis on molecular mobility/dynamics and subsequently on crystallization. Both aspects are considered relevant to the final materials performance, as well as facilitation of polymer renewability. Calorimetry and dielectric spectroscopy were the main investigation tools. In the amorphous state (i.e., in which the direct effects of copolymer structure are assessable), the segmental mobility of neat PLA was significantly faster in the copolymers. Segmental mobility was monitored via the decrease in the calorimetric and dielectric (α relaxation) glass-transition temperatures, Tg and Tg,diel, respectively. The effect was systematic with an increase in the PBSu/PLA ratio, and was rationalized through the plasticizing role of PBSu (low-Tg component) and facilitated also by the simultaneous lowering of the chain length in the copolymers. Dielectric spectroscopy allowed evaluation of the dynamical fragility (cooperativity) of chains, which was strongly suppressed in the copolymers. This finding suggested an increase in free volume or a gradual increase of interchain distances. This phenomenon could favor the natural enzymatic degradation of the systems (compostability), which is limited in neat PLA. We recorded enhancement of nucleation and the crystalline fraction in the copolymers that was likely connected with faster chain diffusion. Further lowering of the Tg with the implementation of crystallization was noted (which seemed a controversial effect) but which indicated crystallization-induced phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis A Klonos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos D Bikiaris
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Alexandra Zamboulis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Miguel Ángel Valera
- AIMPLAS, Asociación de Investigación de Materiales Plásticos Y Conexas, Carrer de Gustave Eiffel, 4, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Mangas
- AIMPLAS, Asociación de Investigación de Materiales Plásticos Y Conexas, Carrer de Gustave Eiffel, 4, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Apostolos Kyritsis
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Zoi Terzopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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35
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Trofimchuk E, Ostrikova V, Ivanova O, Moskvina M, Plutalova A, Grokhovskaya T, Shchelushkina A, Efimov A, Chernikova E, Zhang S, Mironov V. Degradation of Structurally Modified Polylactide under the Controlled Composting of Food Waste. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4017. [PMID: 37836066 PMCID: PMC10575269 DOI: 10.3390/polym15194017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The degradation of polylactide (PLA) films of different structures under conditions of controlled composting has been studied. We have demonstrated that PLA underwent degradation within one month in a substrate that simulated standard industrial composting. Regardless of the initial structure of the samples, the number-average molecular weight (Mn) decreased to 4 kDa while the degree of crystallinity increased to about 70% after 21 days of composting. Addition of an inoculant to the standard substrate resulted in the accelerated degradation of the PLA samples for one week due to an abiotic hydrolysis. These findings have confirmed that industrial composting could solve the problem of plastic disposal at least for PLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Trofimchuk
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; (O.I.); (M.M.); (A.P.); (T.G.); (A.E.); (E.C.)
- Scientific Laboratory “Advanced Composite Materials and Technologies”, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Valeria Ostrikova
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia; (V.O.); (A.S.); (V.M.)
| | - Olga Ivanova
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; (O.I.); (M.M.); (A.P.); (T.G.); (A.E.); (E.C.)
| | - Marina Moskvina
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; (O.I.); (M.M.); (A.P.); (T.G.); (A.E.); (E.C.)
| | - Anna Plutalova
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; (O.I.); (M.M.); (A.P.); (T.G.); (A.E.); (E.C.)
| | - Tatyana Grokhovskaya
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; (O.I.); (M.M.); (A.P.); (T.G.); (A.E.); (E.C.)
| | - Anna Shchelushkina
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia; (V.O.); (A.S.); (V.M.)
| | - Alexander Efimov
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; (O.I.); (M.M.); (A.P.); (T.G.); (A.E.); (E.C.)
| | - Elena Chernikova
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; (O.I.); (M.M.); (A.P.); (T.G.); (A.E.); (E.C.)
| | - Shenghua Zhang
- College of Harbour and Coastal Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China;
| | - Vladimir Mironov
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia; (V.O.); (A.S.); (V.M.)
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36
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Mokrane N, Kaci M, Lopez-Cuesta JM, Dehouche N. Combined Effect of Poly(lactic acid)-Grafted Maleic Anhydride Compatibilizer and Halloysite Nanotubes on Morphology and Properties of Polylactide/Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) Blends. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6438. [PMID: 37834577 PMCID: PMC10573863 DOI: 10.3390/ma16196438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Given the global challenge of plastic pollution, the development of new bioplastics to replace conventional polymers has become a priority. It is therefore essential to achieve a balance in the performances of biopolymers in order to improve their commercial availability. In this topic, this study aims to investigate the morphology and properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/ poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) (at a ratio of 75/25 (w/w)) blends reinforced with halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and compatibilized with poly(lactic acid)-grafted maleic anhydride (PLA-g-MA). HNTs and PLA-g-MA were added to the polymer blend at 5 and 10 wt.%, respectively, and everything was processed via melt compounding. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis shows that HNTs are preferentially localized in PHBHHx nodules rather than in the PLA matrix due to its higher wettability. When HNTs are combined with PLA-g-MA, a finer and a more homogeneous morphology is observed, resulting in a reduction in the size of PHBHHx nodules. The presence of HNTs in the polymer blend improves the impact strength from 12.7 to 20.9 kJ/mm2. Further, with the addition of PLA-g-MA to PLA/PHBHHX/HNT nanocomposites, the tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact strength all improve significantly, rising from roughly 42 MPa, 14.5%, and 20.9 kJ/mm2 to nearly 46 MPa, 18.2%, and 31.2 kJ/mm2, respectively. This is consistent with the data obtained via dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The thermal stability of the compatibilized blend reinforced with HNTs is also improved compared to the non-compatibilized one. Overall, this study highlights the effectiveness of combining HNTs and PLA-g-AM for the properties enhancement of PLA/PHBHHx blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawel Mokrane
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymères Avancés, Faculté de Technologie, Université de Bejaia, Béjaïa 06000, Algeria; (N.M.); (M.K.); (N.D.)
- Polymères Composites et Hybrides (PCH), IMT Mines Ales, 6, Avenue de Clavières, 30319 Alès, France
| | - Mustapha Kaci
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymères Avancés, Faculté de Technologie, Université de Bejaia, Béjaïa 06000, Algeria; (N.M.); (M.K.); (N.D.)
| | - José-Marie Lopez-Cuesta
- Polymères Composites et Hybrides (PCH), IMT Mines Ales, 6, Avenue de Clavières, 30319 Alès, France
| | - Nadjet Dehouche
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymères Avancés, Faculté de Technologie, Université de Bejaia, Béjaïa 06000, Algeria; (N.M.); (M.K.); (N.D.)
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37
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Ustad RE, Chavan VD, Kim H, Shin MH, Kim SK, Choi KK, Kim DK. Thermal, Mechanical, and Electrical Stability of Cu Films in an Integration Process with Photosensitive Polyimide (PSPI) Films. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2642. [PMID: 37836283 PMCID: PMC10574748 DOI: 10.3390/nano13192642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Photosensitive polyimides (PSPIs) have been widely developed in microelectronics, which is due to their excellent thermal properties and reasonable dielectric properties and can be directly patterned to simplify the processing steps. In this study, 3 μm~7 μm thick PSPI films were deposited on different substrates, including Si, 50 nm SiN, 50 nm SiO2, 100 nm Cu, and 100 nm Al, for the optimization of the process of integration with Cu films. In situ temperature-dependent resistance measurements were conducted by using a four-point probe system to study the changes in resistance of the 70 nm thick Cu films on different dielectrics with thick diffusion films of 30 nm Mn, Co, and W films in a N2 ambient. The lowest possible change in thickness due to annealing at the higher temperature ranges of 325 °C to 375 °C is displayed, which suggests the high stability of PSPI. The PSPI films show good adhesion with each Cu diffusion barrier up to 350 °C, and we believe that this will be helpful for new packaging applications, such as a 3D IC with a Cu interconnect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhan E. Ustad
- Semiconductor Systems Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Vijay D. Chavan
- Electrical Engineering and Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Honggyun Kim
- Semiconductor Systems Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-ho Shin
- National Institute for Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kyu Kim
- National Institute for Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Keun Choi
- National Institute for Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-kee Kim
- Semiconductor Systems Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
- Electrical Engineering and Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
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38
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Laraba SR, Ullah N, Bouamer A, Ullah A, Aziz T, Luo W, Djerir W, Zahra QUA, Rezzoug A, Wei J, Li Y. Enhancing Structural and Thermal Properties of Poly(lactic acid) Using Graphene Oxide Filler and Anionic Surfactant Treatment. Molecules 2023; 28:6442. [PMID: 37764218 PMCID: PMC10535062 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene has attracted extensive attention in various fields due to its intriguing properties. In this work, nanocomposite films based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA and PLLA) polymers filled with graphene oxide (GO) were developed. The impact of treating GO with the anionic surfactant dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt (AOT) on the properties of the resulting nanocomposites was investigated. To determine the morphological, optical, and structural properties of the obtained materials, physicochemical analyses were performed, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Additionally, the thermal properties and wettability of neat polymers and nanocomposites were thoroughly investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and contact angle analysis. It was observed that GO was well dispersed throughout the PLA and PLLA matrix, leading to stronger interface bonding. The results demonstrate that the untreated and treated GO improved the crystallinity and thermal stability properties of the PLA and PLLA. However, the AOT-treated GO has significantly higher performance compared to the untreated GO in terms of crystallinity, melting temperature (increased by ~15 °C), and wettability (the contact angle decreased by ~30°). These findings reveal the high performance of the developed novel composite, which could be applied in tissue engineering as a scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selsabil Rokia Laraba
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (S.R.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Najeeb Ullah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga 615 McCallie Ave., Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA
| | - Amirouche Bouamer
- Research Center in Industrial Technologies (CRTI), P.O. Box 64, Cheraga 16014, Algeria (A.R.)
| | - Asmat Ullah
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Tariq Aziz
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (S.R.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Wahiba Djerir
- Research Center in Industrial Technologies (CRTI), P.O. Box 64, Cheraga 16014, Algeria (A.R.)
| | - Qurat ul Ain Zahra
- Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Amine Rezzoug
- Research Center in Industrial Technologies (CRTI), P.O. Box 64, Cheraga 16014, Algeria (A.R.)
| | - Jie Wei
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (S.R.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Yulin Li
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (S.R.L.); (W.L.)
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Hidalgo-Carvajal D, Muñoz ÁH, Garrido-González JJ, Carrasco-Gallego R, Alcázar Montero V. Recycled PLA for 3D Printing: A Comparison of Recycled PLA Filaments from Waste of Different Origins after Repeated Cycles of Extrusion. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3651. [PMID: 37688276 PMCID: PMC10490016 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work is to evaluate the reprocessing of PLA 3D printing waste from different origins, into filaments and films, and without the addition of any additive. Two types of waste were considered: a blend of different printing wastes (masks, visors, other components) of personal protective equipment coming from an association of Spanish coronamakers, and PLA waste from a single known commercial source. Both types of materials were subjected to repeated extrusion cycles and processed into films by compression molding. Samples were characterized after each cycle and their mechanical and viscosity properties evaluated. Diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) experiments were also carried out to estimate molecular weights. The results show a better performance for the PLA waste from the known origin, capable of withstanding up to three re-extrusion cycles per two for the waste blending, without significant degradation. Additionally, a model to address collection and mechanical recycling cycles under two different scenarios (full traceability and not full traceability) was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hidalgo-Carvajal
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain (R.C.-G.)
| | - Álvaro Hortal Muñoz
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain (R.C.-G.)
- Dirección de Compras Industrial y Cliente, Repsol, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ruth Carrasco-Gallego
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain (R.C.-G.)
| | - Victoria Alcázar Montero
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain (R.C.-G.)
- Grupo de Investigación Polímeros, Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA), 28006 Madrid, Spain
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40
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Filatova K, Domincova Bergerova E, Kazantseva N, Masar M, Suly P, Sopik T, Cisar J, Durpekova S, Sedlarik V. Design and Fabrication of Electrospun PLA-Based Silica-Modified Composite Nanofibers with Antibacterial Properties for Perspective Wound Treatment. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3500. [PMID: 37688125 PMCID: PMC10490196 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a novel amikacin (AMI) delivery system with prolonged release based on composite electrospun nanofibers of PLA supplemented with AMI-loaded Si nanoparticles of different morphology. The resultant materials were characterized in terms of their physical properties (scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, water contact angle). High-Performance Liquid Chromatography was used to determine the AMI content in the liquid fractions obtained from the release study. The results show that nanofibers of fumed silica exhibited an aggregated, highly porous structure, whereas nanofibers of mesoporous silica had a spherical morphology. Both silica nanoparticles had a significant effect on the hydrophilic properties of PLA nanofiber surfaces. The liquid fractions were investigated to gauge the encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading efficiency (LE) of AMI, demonstrating 66% EE and 52% LE for nanofibers of fumed silica compared to nanofibers of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (52% EE and 12.7% LE). The antibacterial activity of the AMI-loaded nanofibers was determined by the Kirby-Bauer Method. These results demonstrated that the PLA-based silica nanofibers effectively enhanced the antibacterial properties against the Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Filatova
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Tr. T. Bati 5678, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 5669, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Domincova Bergerova
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Tr. T. Bati 5678, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Natalia Kazantseva
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Tr. T. Bati 5678, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Masar
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Tr. T. Bati 5678, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Pavol Suly
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Tr. T. Bati 5678, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Sopik
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Tr. T. Bati 5678, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Cisar
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Tr. T. Bati 5678, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Silvie Durpekova
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Tr. T. Bati 5678, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Sedlarik
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Tr. T. Bati 5678, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic
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41
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Tsung TH, Tsai YC, Lee HP, Chen YH, Lu DW. Biodegradable Polymer-Based Drug-Delivery Systems for Ocular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12976. [PMID: 37629157 PMCID: PMC10455181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular drug delivery is a challenging field due to the unique anatomical and physiological barriers of the eye. Biodegradable polymers have emerged as promising tools for efficient and controlled drug delivery in ocular diseases. This review provides an overview of biodegradable polymer-based drug-delivery systems for ocular diseases with emphasis on the potential for biodegradable polymers to overcome the limitations of conventional methods, allowing for sustained drug release, improved bioavailability, and targeted therapy. Natural and synthetic polymers are both discussed, highlighting their biodegradability and biocompatibility. Various formulation strategies, such as nanoparticles, hydrogels, and microemulsions, among others, are investigated, detailing preparation methods, drug encapsulation, and clinical applications. The focus is on anterior and posterior segment drug delivery, covering glaucoma, corneal disorders, ocular inflammation, retinal diseases, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. Safety considerations, such as biocompatibility evaluations, in vivo toxicity studies, and clinical safety, are addressed. Future perspectives encompass advancements, regulatory considerations, and clinical translation challenges. In conclusion, biodegradable polymers offer potential for efficient and targeted ocular drug delivery, improving therapeutic outcomes while reducing side effects. Further research is needed to optimize formulation strategies and address regulatory requirements for successful clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Hsin Tsung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (T.-H.T.); (Y.-C.T.); (H.-P.L.); (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Yu-Chien Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (T.-H.T.); (Y.-C.T.); (H.-P.L.); (Y.-H.C.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 325, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Pei Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (T.-H.T.); (Y.-C.T.); (H.-P.L.); (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Yi-Hao Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (T.-H.T.); (Y.-C.T.); (H.-P.L.); (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Da-Wen Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (T.-H.T.); (Y.-C.T.); (H.-P.L.); (Y.-H.C.)
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42
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Im D, Gavande V, Lee HY, Lee WK. Influence of Molecular Weight on the Enzymatic Degradation of PLA Isomer Blends by a Langmuir System. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5087. [PMID: 37512361 PMCID: PMC10385088 DOI: 10.3390/ma16145087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Polylactides (PLAs) and lactide copolymers are biodegradable, compostable, and derived from renewable resources, offering a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based synthetic polymers owing to their advantages of comparable mechanical properties with commodity plastics and biodegradability. Their hydrolytic stability and thermal properties can affect their potential for long-lasting applications. However, stereocomplex crystallization is a robust method between isomer PLAs that allows significant amelioration in copolymer properties, such as thermal stability, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility, through substantial intermolecular interactions amid l-lactyl and d-lactyl sequences, which have been the key approach to initial degradation rate and further PLA applications. It was demonstrated that the essential parameters affecting stereocomplexation are the mixing ratio and the chain length of each unit sequence. This study deals with the molecular weight, one of the specific interactions between isomers of PLAs. A solution polymerization method was applied to control molecular weight and chain architecture. The stereocomplexation was monitored with DSC. It was confirmed that the lower molecular weight polymer showed a higher degradation rate, as a hydrolyzed fragment having a molecular weight below a certain length dissolves into the water. To systematically explore the critical contribution of molecular weights, the Langmuir system was used to observe the stereocomplexation effect and the overall degradation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyeok Im
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Fine & Specialty Chemical Research Group, Korea Institute of Footwear & Leather Technology, Busan 47154, Republic of Korea
| | - Vishal Gavande
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Yong Lee
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ki Lee
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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43
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Shi K, Liu G, Sun H, Weng Y. Polylactic Acid/Lignin Composites: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2807. [PMID: 37447453 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
With the gradual depletion of petroleum resources and the increasing global awareness of environmental protection, biodegradable plastics are receiving more and more attention as a green substitute for traditional petroleum-based plastics. Poly (lactic acid) is considered to be the most promising biodegradable material because of its excellent biodegradability, biocompatibility, and good processability. However, the brittleness and high cost limit its application in more fields. Lignin, as the second largest renewable biopolymer in nature after cellulose, is not only rich in reserves and low in cost, but it also has an excellent UV barrier, antioxidant activity, and rigidity. The molecular structure of lignin contains a large number of functional groups, which are easy to endow with new functions by chemical modification. Currently, lignin is mostly treated as waste in industry, and the value-added utilization is insufficient. The combination of lignin and poly (lactic acid) can on the one hand solve the problems of the high cost of PLA and less efficient utilization of lignin; on the other hand, the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass in compounding with biodegradable synthetic polymers is expected to afford high-performance wholly green polymer composites. This mini-review summarizes the latest research achievements of poly (lactic acid)/lignin composites. Emphasis was put on the influence of lignin on the mechanical properties of its composite with poly (lactic acid), as well as the compatibility of the two components. Future research on these green composites is also prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Shi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Guoshuai Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yunxuan Weng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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Jayakumar A, Radoor S, Siengchin S, Shin GH, Kim JT. Recent progress of bioplastics in their properties, standards, certifications and regulations: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:163156. [PMID: 37003328 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The environmental impact associated with fossil fuel-based polymers has paved the way to explore biopolymer-based plastics, their properties, and their applications. Bioplastics are polymeric materials that are greatly interesting due to their eco-friendlier and non-toxic nature. In recent years, exploring the different sources of bioplastics and their applications has become one of the active research areas. Biopolymer-based plastics have applications in food packaging, pharmaceuticals, electronics, agricultural, automotive and cosmetic sectors. Bioplastics are considered safe, but there are several economic and legal challenges to implementing them. Hence, this review aims to i) outline the terminology associated with bioplastics, its global market, major sources, types and properties of bioplastics, ii) discuss the major bioplastic waste management and recovery options, iii) provide the major standards and certifications regarding bioplastics, iv) explore the various country-wise regulations and restrictions associated with bioplastics, and v) enumerate the various challenges and limitations associated with bioplastics and future directions. Therefore, providing adequate knowledge about various bioplastics, their properties and regulatory aspects can be of great importance in the industrialization, commercialization and globalization of bioplastics to replace petroleum-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathy Jayakumar
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; BioNanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sabarish Radoor
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Suchart Siengchin
- Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, 1518 Wongsawang Road, Bangsue, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
| | - Gye Hwa Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Tae Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; BioNanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Mohd Hatta FA, Mat Ali QA, Mohd Kashim MIA, Othman R, Abd Mutalib S, Mohd Nor NH. Recent Advances in Halal Bioactive Materials for Intelligent Food Packaging Indicator. Foods 2023; 12:2387. [PMID: 37372598 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Food safety and security are top priorities for consumers and the food industry alike. Despite strict standards and criteria for food production processes, the potential for food-borne diseases due to improper handling and processing is always present. This has led to an urgent need for solutions that can ensure the safety of packaged foods. Therefore, this paper reviews intelligent packaging, which employs non-toxic and environmentally friendly packaging with superior bioactive materials that has emerged as a promising solution. This review was prepared based on several online libraries and databases from 2008 to 2022. By incorporating halal bioactive materials into the packaging system, it becomes possible to interact with the contents and surrounding environment of halal food products, helping preserve them for longer periods. One particularly promising avenue of research is the use of natural colourants as halal bioactive materials. These colourants possess excellent chemical, thermal, and physical stabilities, along with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, making them ideal candidates for use in intelligent indicators that can detect food blemishes and prevent pathogenic spoilage. However, despite the potential of this technology, further research and development are needed to promote commercial applications and market development. With continued efforts to explore the full potential of natural colourants as halal bioactive materials, we can meet the increasing demand for food safety and security, helping to ensure that consumers have access to high-quality, safe, and nutritious foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Ayuni Mohd Hatta
- Institute of Islam Hadhari, National University of Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Qurratu Aini Mat Ali
- Institute of Islam Hadhari, National University of Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Izhar Ariff Mohd Kashim
- Institute of Islam Hadhari, National University of Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
- Research Centre of Shariah, Faculty of Islamic Studies, National University of Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rashidi Othman
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design, International Islamic University Malaysia, Gombak 53100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sahilah Abd Mutalib
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Hafizah Mohd Nor
- Institute of Islam Hadhari, National University of Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
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Fredi G, Zonta E, Dussin A, Bikiaris DN, Papageorgiou GZ, Fambri L, Dorigato A. Toughening Effect of 2,5-Furandicaboxylate Polyesters on Polylactide-Based Renewable Fibers. Molecules 2023; 28:4811. [PMID: 37375367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This work presents the successful preparation and characterization of polylactide/poly(propylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PLA/PPF) and polylactide/poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PLA/PBF) blends in form of bulk and fiber samples and investigates the influence of poly(alkylene furanoate) (PAF) concentration (0 to 20 wt%) and compatibilization on the physical, thermal, and mechanical properties. Both blend types, although immiscible, are successfully compatibilized by Joncryl (J), which improves the interfacial adhesion and reduces the size of PPF and PBF domains. Mechanical tests on bulk samples show that only PBF is able to effectively toughen PLA, as PLA/PBF blends with 5-10 wt% PBF showed a distinct yield point, remarkable necking propagation, and increased strain at break (up to 55%), while PPF did not show significant plasticizing effects. The toughening ability of PBF is attributed to its lower glass transition temperature and greater toughness than PPF. For fiber samples, increasing the PPF and PBF amount improves the elastic modulus and mechanical strength, particularly for PBF-containing fibers collected at higher take-up speeds. Remarkably, in fiber samples, plasticizing effects are observed for both PPF and PBF, with significantly higher strain at break values compared to neat PLA (up to 455%), likely due to a further microstructural homogenization, enhanced compatibility, and load transfer between PLA and PAF phases following the fiber spinning process. SEM analysis confirms the deformation of PPF domains, which is probably due to a "plastic-rubber" transition during tensile testing. The orientation and possible crystallization of PPF and PBF domains contribute to increased tensile strength and elastic modulus. This work showcases the potential of PPF and PBF in tailoring the thermo-mechanical properties of PLA in both bulk and fiber forms, expanding their applications in the packaging and textile industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fredi
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Edoardo Zonta
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dussin
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Dimitrios N Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Chemistry Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Luca Fambri
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Andrea Dorigato
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
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Mandal A, Kilbinger AFM. Catalytic living ROMP: block copolymers from macro-chain transfer agents. Polym Chem 2023; 14:2797-2802. [PMID: 37325179 PMCID: PMC10262279 DOI: 10.1039/d3py00387f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Vinyl ether based macro-chain transfer agents (m-CTAs) are used to produce different di or tri-block copolymers under catalytic living ROMP conditions. Polystyrene (PS) vinyl ether m-CTA and polycaprolactone (PCL) or polylactide vinyl ether (PLA) m-CTAs are synthesized straightforwardly via ATRP and ROP respectively. Regioselectivity as well as the high metathesis activity of these m-CTAs enabled us to synthesise a range of metathesis-based A-B diblock copolymers with controlled dispersities (Đ < 1.4). In this manner, PS-ROMP (here, ROMP refers to a poly(MNI-co-DHF) block), PCL-ROMP and PLA-ROMP were synthesized using substoichiometric amounts of ruthenium complex in a living fashion. Also, a more complex PEG-PCL-ROMP tri-block terpolymer was obtained catalytically. All block copolymers were characterized by SEC and DOSY NMR spectroscopy. We believe that this methodology of using macro-chain transfer agents to prepare degradable ROMP polymers under catalytic living ROMP conditions will find applications in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Mandal
- Department of chemistry, University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 9 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Andreas F M Kilbinger
- Department of chemistry, University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 9 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
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48
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Zhou D, Wu F, Peng Y, Qazi MA, Li R, Wang Y, Wang Q. Multi-step biosynthesis of the biodegradable polyester monomer 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid from glucose. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:92. [PMID: 37264438 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2-Pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid (PDC), a chemically stable pseudoaromatic dicarboxylic acid, represents a promising building block for the manufacture of biodegradable polyesters. Microbial production of PDC has been extensively investigated, but low titers and yields have limited industrial applications. RESULTS In this study, a multi-step biosynthesis strategy for the microbial production of PDC was demonstrated using engineered Escherichia coli whole-cell biocatalysts. The PDC biosynthetic pathway was first divided into three synthetic modules, namely the 3-dehydroshikimic acid (DHS) module, the protocatechuic acid (PCA) module and the PDC module. Several effective enzymes, including 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase for the PCA module as well as protocatechuate 4,5-dioxygenase and 4-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate-6-semialdehyde dehydrogenase for the PDC module were isolated and characterized. Then, the highly efficient whole-cell bioconversion systems for producing PCA and PDC were constructed and optimized, respectively. Finally, the efficient multi-step biosynthesis of PDC from glucose was achieved by smoothly integrating the above three biosynthetic modules, resulting in a final titer of 49.18 g/L with an overall 27.2% molar yield, which represented the highest titer for PDC production from glucose reported to date. CONCLUSIONS This study lays the foundation for the microbial production of PDC, including one-step de novo biosynthesis from glucose as well as the microbial transformation of monoaromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Fengli Wu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.
| | - Yanfeng Peng
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Muneer Ahmed Qazi
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Science, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, 66020, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Ruosong Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yongzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Qinhong Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
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49
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Makri SP, Xanthopoulou E, Valera MA, Mangas A, Marra G, Ruiz V, Koltsakidis S, Tzetzis D, Zoikis Karathanasis A, Deligkiozi I, Nikolaidis N, Bikiaris D, Terzopoulou Z. Poly(Lactic Acid) Composites with Lignin and Nanolignin Synthesized by In Situ Reactive Processing. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102386. [PMID: 37242959 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites with 0.5 wt% lignin or nanolignin were prepared with two different techniques: (a) conventional melt-mixing and (b) in situ Ring Opening Polymerization (ROP) by reactive processing. The ROP process was monitored by measuring the torque. The composites were synthesized rapidly using reactive processing that took under 20 min. When the catalyst amount was doubled, the reaction time was reduced to under 15 min. The dispersion, thermal transitions, mechanical properties, antioxidant activity, and optical properties of the resulting PLA-based composites were evaluated with SEM, DSC, nanoindentation, DPPH assay, and DRS spectroscopy. All reactive processing-prepared composites were characterized by means of SEM, GPC, and NMR to assess their morphology, molecular weight, and free lactide content. The benefits of the size reduction of lignin and the use of in situ ROP by reactive processing were demonstrated, as the reactive processing-produced nanolignin-containing composites had superior crystallization, mechanical, and antioxidant properties. These improvements were attributed to the participation of nanolignin in the ROP of lactide as a macroinitiator, resulting in PLA-grafted nanolignin particles that improved its dispersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia P Makri
- Creative Nano PC, 43 Tatoiou, Metamorfosi, 14451 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Polymer and Colors Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Xanthopoulou
- Laboratory of Polymer and Colors Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Miguel Angel Valera
- AIMPLAS, Asociación de Investigación de Materiales Plásticos Y Conexas, Carrer de Gustave Eiffel, 4, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Mangas
- AIMPLAS, Asociación de Investigación de Materiales Plásticos Y Conexas, Carrer de Gustave Eiffel, 4, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Giacomo Marra
- AIMPLAS, Asociación de Investigación de Materiales Plásticos Y Conexas, Carrer de Gustave Eiffel, 4, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Víctor Ruiz
- AIMPLAS, Asociación de Investigación de Materiales Plásticos Y Conexas, Carrer de Gustave Eiffel, 4, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Savvas Koltsakidis
- Digital Manufacturing and Materials Characterization Laboratory, School of Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, 14 km Thessaloniki, 57001 N. Moudania, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tzetzis
- Digital Manufacturing and Materials Characterization Laboratory, School of Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, 14 km Thessaloniki, 57001 N. Moudania, Greece
| | | | | | - Nikolaos Nikolaidis
- Laboratory of Polymer and Colors Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer and Colors Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Zoi Terzopoulou
- Laboratory of Polymer and Colors Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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50
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Bergaliyeva S, Sales DL, Delgado FJ, Bolegenova S, Molina SI. Manufacture and Characterization of Polylactic Acid Filaments Recycled from Real Waste for 3D Printing. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092165. [PMID: 37177311 PMCID: PMC10180583 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper studies the thermal, morphological, and mechanical properties of 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) blends of virgin and recycled material in the following proportions: 100/0, 25/75, 50/50, and 75/25, respectively. Real waste, used as recycled content, was shredded and sorted by size without a washing step. Regular dog-bone specimens were 3D printed from filaments, manufactured in a single screw extruder. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that adding PLA debris to raw material did not significantly impact the thermal stability of the 3D-printed samples and showed that virgin and recycled PLA degraded at almost the same temperature. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed a significant reduction in crystallinity with increasing recycled content. Scanning electron microscopy showed a more homogenous structure for specimens from 100% pure PLA, as well as a more heterogeneous one for PLA blends. The tensile strength of the PLA blends increased by adding more recycled material, from 44.20 ± 2.18 MPa for primary PLA to 52.61 ± 2.28 MPa for the blend with the highest secondary PLA content. However, this study suggests that the mechanical properties of the reprocessed parts and their basic association are unique compared with those made up of virgin material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saltanat Bergaliyeva
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry, Algeciras School of Engineering and Technology, Universidad de Cádiz, INNANOMAT, IMEYMAT, Ramón Puyol Ave, 11202 Algeciras, Cádiz, Spain
- Physics and Technology Department, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71, Al-Farabi Ave, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - David L Sales
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry, Algeciras School of Engineering and Technology, Universidad de Cádiz, INNANOMAT, IMEYMAT, Ramón Puyol Ave, 11202 Algeciras, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco J Delgado
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río S. Pedro, INNANOMAT, IMEYMAT, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Saltanat Bolegenova
- Physics and Technology Department, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71, Al-Farabi Ave, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Sergio I Molina
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río S. Pedro, INNANOMAT, IMEYMAT, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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