1
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Calzuola ST, Newman G, Feaugas T, Perrault CM, Blondé JB, Roy E, Porrini C, Stojanovic GM, Vidic J. Membrane-based microfluidic systems for medical and biological applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3579-3603. [PMID: 38954466 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00251b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices with integrated membranes that enable control of mass transport in constrained environments have shown considerable growth over the last decade. Membranes are a key component in several industrial processes such as chemical, pharmaceutical, biotechnological, food, and metallurgy separation processes as well as waste management applications, allowing for modular and compact systems. Moreover, the miniaturization of a process through microfluidic devices leads to process intensification together with reagents, waste and cost reduction, and energy and space savings. The combination of membrane technology and microfluidic devices allows therefore magnification of their respective advantages, providing more valuable solutions not only for industrial processes but also for reproducing biological processes. This review focuses on membrane-based microfluidic devices for biomedical science with an emphasis on microfluidic artificial organs and organs-on-chip. We provide the basic concepts of membrane technology and the laws governing mass transport. The role of the membrane in biomedical microfluidic devices, along with the required properties, available materials, and current challenges are summarized. We believe that the present review may be a starting point and a resource for researchers who aim to replicate a biological phenomenon on-chip by applying membrane technology, for moving forward the biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Tea Calzuola
- UMR7646 Laboratoire d'hydrodynamique (LadHyX), Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France.
- Eden Tech, Paris, France
| | - Gwenyth Newman
- Eden Tech, Paris, France
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas Feaugas
- Eden Tech, Paris, France
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Goran M Stojanovic
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, T. D. Obradovića 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Vidic
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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2
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Wan L, Li M, Law MK, Mak PI, Martins RP, Jia Y. Sub-5-Minute Ultrafast PCR using Digital Microfluidics. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 242:115711. [PMID: 37797533 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of a rapid and reliable polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for point-of-care (POC) diagnosis is crucial for the timely identification of pathogens. Microfluidics, which involves the manipulation of small volumes of fluidic samples, has been shown to be an ideal approach for POC analysis. Among the various microfluidic platforms available, digital microfluidics (DMF) offers high degree of configurability in manipulating μL/nL-scale liquid and achieving automation. However, the successful implementation of ultrafast PCR on DMF platforms presents challenges due to inherent system instability. In this study, we developed a robust and ultrafast PCR in 3.7-5 min with a detection sensitivity comparable to conventional PCR. Specifically, the implementation of the pincer heating scheme homogenises the temperature within a drop. The utilization of a μm-scale porous hydrophobic membrane suppresses the formation of bubbles under high temperatures. The design of a groove around the high-temperature zone effectively mitigates the temperature interference. The integration of a soluble sensor into the droplets provides an accurate and instant in-drop temperature sensing. We envision that the fast, robust, sensitive, and automatic DMF system will empower the POC testing for infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wan
- The State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Mingzhong Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macao, China; Silergy Semiconductor (Macau) Limited, Macao, China
| | - Man-Kay Law
- The State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macao, China; Faculty of Science and Technology - Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Pui-In Mak
- The State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macao, China; Faculty of Science and Technology - Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Rui P Martins
- The State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macao, China; Faculty of Science and Technology - Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Macau, Macao, China; On Leave from Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Yanwei Jia
- The State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macao, China; Faculty of Science and Technology - Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Macau, Macao, China; MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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3
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Coelho BJ, Neto JP, Sieira B, Moura AT, Fortunato E, Martins R, Baptista PV, Igreja R, Águas H. Hybrid Digital-Droplet Microfluidic Chip for Applications in Droplet Digital Nucleic Acid Amplification: Design, Fabrication and Characterization. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:4927. [PMID: 37430841 DOI: 10.3390/s23104927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic-based platforms have become a hallmark for chemical and biological assays, empowering micro- and nano-reaction vessels. The fusion of microfluidic technologies (digital microfluidics, continuous-flow microfluidics, and droplet microfluidics, just to name a few) presents great potential for overcoming the inherent limitations of each approach, while also elevating their respective strengths. This work exploits the combination of digital microfluidics (DMF) and droplet microfluidics (DrMF) on a single substrate, where DMF enables droplet mixing and further acts as a controlled liquid supplier for a high-throughput nano-liter droplet generator. Droplet generation is performed at a flow-focusing region, operating on dual pressure: negative pressure applied to the aqueous phase and positive pressure applied to the oil phase. We evaluate the droplets produced with our hybrid DMF-DrMF devices in terms of droplet volume, speed, and production frequency and further compare them with standalone DrMF devices. Both types of devices enable customizable droplet production (various volumes and circulation speeds), yet hybrid DMF-DrMF devices yield more controlled droplet production while achieving throughputs that are similar to standalone DrMF devices. These hybrid devices enable the production of up to four droplets per second, which reach a maximum circulation speed close to 1540 µm/s and volumes as low as 0.5 nL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz J Coelho
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, NOVA University of Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO, I4HB, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Joana P Neto
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, NOVA University of Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Sieira
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, NOVA University of Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - André T Moura
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, NOVA University of Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Elvira Fortunato
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, NOVA University of Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Martins
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, NOVA University of Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro V Baptista
- UCIBIO, I4HB, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rui Igreja
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, NOVA University of Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Hugo Águas
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, NOVA University of Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Coelho BJ, Pinto JV, Martins J, Rovisco A, Barquinha P, Fortunato E, Baptista PV, Martins R, Igreja R. Parylene C as a Multipurpose Material for Electronics and Microfluidics. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102277. [PMID: 37242852 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(p-xylylene) derivatives, widely known as Parylenes, have been considerably adopted by the scientific community for several applications, ranging from simple passive coatings to active device components. Here, we explore the thermal, structural, and electrical properties of Parylene C, and further present a variety of electronic devices featuring this polymer: transistors, capacitors, and digital microfluidic (DMF) devices. We evaluate transistors produced with Parylene C as a dielectric, substrate, and encapsulation layer, either semitransparent or fully transparent. Such transistors exhibit steep transfer curves and subthreshold slopes of 0.26 V/dec, negligible gate leak currents, and fair mobilities. Furthermore, we characterize MIM (metal-insulator-metal) structures with Parylene C as a dielectric and demonstrate the functionality of the polymer deposited in single and double layers under temperature and AC signal stimuli, mimicking the DMF stimuli. Applying temperature generally leads to a decrease in the capacitance of the dielectric layer, whereas applying an AC signal leads to an increase in said capacitance for double-layered Parylene C only. By applying the two stimuli, the capacitance seems to suffer from a balanced influence of both the separated stimuli. Lastly, we demonstrate that DMF devices with double-layered Parylene C allow for faster droplet motion and enable long nucleic acid amplification reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz J Coelho
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, NOVA University of Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO, I4HB, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Joana V Pinto
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, NOVA University of Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jorge Martins
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, NOVA University of Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Rovisco
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, NOVA University of Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro Barquinha
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, NOVA University of Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Elvira Fortunato
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, NOVA University of Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro V Baptista
- UCIBIO, I4HB, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Martins
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, NOVA University of Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rui Igreja
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, NOVA University of Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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5
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de Olazarra AS, Wang SX. Advances in point-of-care genetic testing for personalized medicine applications. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:031501. [PMID: 37159750 PMCID: PMC10163839 DOI: 10.1063/5.0143311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Breakthroughs within the fields of genomics and bioinformatics have enabled the identification of numerous genetic biomarkers that reflect an individual's disease susceptibility, disease progression, and therapy responsiveness. The personalized medicine paradigm capitalizes on these breakthroughs by utilizing an individual's genetic profile to guide treatment selection, dosing, and preventative care. However, integration of personalized medicine into routine clinical practice has been limited-in part-by a dearth of widely deployable, timely, and cost-effective genetic analysis tools. Fortunately, the last several decades have been characterized by tremendous progress with respect to the development of molecular point-of-care tests (POCTs). Advances in microfluidic technologies, accompanied by improvements and innovations in amplification methods, have opened new doors to health monitoring at the point-of-care. While many of these technologies were developed with rapid infectious disease diagnostics in mind, they are well-suited for deployment as genetic testing platforms for personalized medicine applications. In the coming years, we expect that these innovations in molecular POCT technology will play a critical role in enabling widespread adoption of personalized medicine methods. In this work, we review the current and emerging generations of point-of-care molecular testing platforms and assess their applicability toward accelerating the personalized medicine paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. S. de Olazarra
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S. X. Wang
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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6
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Chee HY, Lam JY, Yaacob M. Tapered optical fiber DNA biosensor for detecting Leptospira DNA. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.372293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
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7
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Ghouneimy A, Mahas A, Marsic T, Aman R, Mahfouz M. CRISPR-Based Diagnostics: Challenges and Potential Solutions toward Point-of-Care Applications. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 12:1-16. [PMID: 36508352 PMCID: PMC9872163 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the conventional diagnostic field and revealed the need for decentralized Point of Care (POC) solutions. Although nucleic acid testing is considered to be the most sensitive and specific disease detection method, conventional testing platforms are expensive, confined to central laboratories, and are not deployable in low-resource settings. CRISPR-based diagnostics have emerged as promising tools capable of revolutionizing the field of molecular diagnostics. These platforms are inexpensive, simple, and do not require the use of special instrumentation, suggesting they could democratize access to disease diagnostics. However, there are several obstacles to the use of the current platforms for POC applications, including difficulties in sample processing and stability. In this review, we discuss key advancements in the field, with an emphasis on the challenges of sample processing, stability, multiplexing, amplification-free detection, signal interpretation, and process automation. We also discuss potential solutions for revolutionizing CRISPR-based diagnostics toward sample-to-answer diagnostic solutions for POC and home use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ghouneimy
- Laboratory
for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological
Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mahas
- Laboratory
for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological
Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tin Marsic
- Laboratory
for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological
Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashid Aman
- Laboratory
for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological
Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdy Mahfouz
- Laboratory
for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological
Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia,
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8
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Shen R, Lv A, Yi S, Wang P, Mak PI, Martins RP, Jia Y. Nucleic acid analysis on electrowetting-based digital microfluidics. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Narahari T, Dahmer J, Sklavounos A, Kim T, Satkauskas M, Clotea I, Ho M, Lamanna J, Dixon C, Rackus DG, Silva SJRD, Pena L, Pardee K, Wheeler AR. Portable sample processing for molecular assays: application to Zika virus diagnostics. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1748-1763. [PMID: 35357372 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc01068a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper introduces a digital microfluidic (DMF) platform for portable, automated, and integrated Zika viral RNA extraction and amplification. The platform features reconfigurable DMF cartridges offering a closed, humidified environment for sample processing at elevated temperatures, as well as programmable control instrumentation with a novel thermal cycling unit regulated using a proportional integral derivative (PID) feedback loop. The system operates on 12 V DC power, which can be supplied by rechargeable battery packs for remote testing. The DMF system was optimized for an RNA processing pipeline consisting of the following steps: 1) magnetic-bead based RNA extraction from lysed plasma samples, 2) RNA clean-up, and 3) integrated, isothermal amplification of Zika RNA. The DMF pipeline was coupled to a paper-based, colorimetric cell-free protein expression assay for amplified Zika RNA mediated by toehold switch-based sensors. Blinded laboratory evaluation of Zika RNA spiked in human plasma yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 75% respectively. The platform was then transported to Recife, Brazil for evaluation with infectious Zika viruses, which were detected at the 100 PFU mL-1 level from a 5 μL sample (equivalent to an RT-qPCR cycle threshold value of 32.0), demonstrating its potential as a sample processing platform for miniaturized diagnostic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Narahari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Joshua Dahmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Alexandros Sklavounos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Taehyeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Monika Satkauskas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Ioana Clotea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Man Ho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Julian Lamanna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Christopher Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Darius G Rackus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Severino Jefferson Ribeiro da Silva
- Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute (FIOCRUZ Pernambuco), Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n - Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, CEP 50.740-465, Brazil
| | - Lindomar Pena
- Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute (FIOCRUZ Pernambuco), Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n - Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, CEP 50.740-465, Brazil
| | - Keith Pardee
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3M2, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8 Canada
| | - Aaron R Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada
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Coelho BJ, Veigas B, Bettencourt L, Águas H, Fortunato E, Martins R, Baptista PV, Igreja R. Digital Microfluidics-Powered Real-Time Monitoring of Isothermal DNA Amplification of Cancer Biomarker. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12040201. [PMID: 35448261 PMCID: PMC9028060 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a digital microfluidics (DMF) platform specifically designed to perform a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) of DNA and applied it to a real-time amplification to monitor a cancer biomarker, c-Myc (associated to 40% of all human tumors), using fluorescence microscopy. We demonstrate the full manipulation of the sample and reagents on the DMF platform, resulting in the successful amplification of 90 pg of the target DNA (0.5 ng/µL) in less than one hour. Furthermore, we test the efficiency of an innovative mixing strategy in DMF by employing two mixing methodologies onto the DMF droplets-low frequency AC (alternating current) actuation as well as back-and-forth droplet motion-which allows for improved fluorescence readouts. Fluorophore bleaching effects are minimized through on-chip sample partitioning by DMF processes and sequential droplet irradiation. Finally, LAMP reactions require only 2 µL volume droplets, which represents a 10-fold volume reduction in comparison to benchtop LAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Jorge Coelho
- Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (B.J.C.); (L.B.); (H.Á.); (E.F.); (R.M.)
- UCIBIO, I4HB, Life Sciences Department, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Bruno Veigas
- AlmaScience, Campus da Caparica, 2829-519 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Luís Bettencourt
- Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (B.J.C.); (L.B.); (H.Á.); (E.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Hugo Águas
- Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (B.J.C.); (L.B.); (H.Á.); (E.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Elvira Fortunato
- Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (B.J.C.); (L.B.); (H.Á.); (E.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Rodrigo Martins
- Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (B.J.C.); (L.B.); (H.Á.); (E.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Pedro V. Baptista
- UCIBIO, I4HB, Life Sciences Department, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rui Igreja
- Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (B.J.C.); (L.B.); (H.Á.); (E.F.); (R.M.)
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11
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Cai J, Jiang J, Jiang J, Tao Y, Gao X, Ding M, Fan Y. Fabrication of Transparent and Flexible Digital Microfluidics Devices. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13040498. [PMID: 35457803 PMCID: PMC9027397 DOI: 10.3390/mi13040498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This study proposed a fabrication method for thin, film-based, transparent, and flexible digital microfluidic devices. A series of characterizations were also conducted with the fabricated digital microfluidic devices. For the device fabrication, the electrodes were patterned by laser ablation of 220 nm-thick indium tin oxide (ITO) layer on a 175 μm-thick polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. The electrodes were insulated with a layer of 12 μm-thick polyethylene (PE) film as the dielectric layer, and finally, a surface treatment was conducted on PE film in order to enhance the hydrophobicity. The whole digital microfluidic device has a total thickness of less than 200 μm and is nearly transparent in the visible range. The droplet manipulation with the proposed digital microfluidic device was also achieved. In addition, a series of characterization studies were conducted as follows: the contact angles under different driving voltages, the leakage current density across the patterned electrodes, and the minimum driving voltage with different control algorithms and droplet volume were measured and discussed. The UV–VIS spectrum of the proposed digital microfluidic devices was also provided in order to verify the transparency of the fabricated device. Compared with conventional methods for the fabrication of digital microfluidic devices, which usually have opaque metal/carbon electrodes, the proposed transparent and flexible digital microfluidics could have significant advantages for the observation of the droplets on the digital microfluidic device, especially for colorimetric analysis using the digital microfluidic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchen Cai
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China; (J.C.); (J.J.); (Y.T.); (X.G.); (M.D.)
| | - Jiaxi Jiang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China;
| | - Jinyun Jiang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China; (J.C.); (J.J.); (Y.T.); (X.G.); (M.D.)
| | - Yin Tao
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China; (J.C.); (J.J.); (Y.T.); (X.G.); (M.D.)
| | - Xiang Gao
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China; (J.C.); (J.J.); (Y.T.); (X.G.); (M.D.)
| | - Meiya Ding
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China; (J.C.); (J.J.); (Y.T.); (X.G.); (M.D.)
| | - Yiqiang Fan
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-1851-3899-9080
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12
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Digital Microfluidic qPCR Cartridge for SARS-CoV-2 Detection. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020196. [PMID: 35208320 PMCID: PMC8874717 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) tests capable of individual health monitoring, transmission reduction, and contact tracing are especially important in a pandemic such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We develop a disposable POC cartridge that can be mass produced to detect the SARS-CoV-2 N gene through real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) based on digital microfluidics (DMF). Several critical parameters are studied and improved, including droplet volume consistency, temperature uniformity, and fluorescence intensity linearity on the designed DMF cartridge. The qPCR results showed high accuracy and efficiency for two primer-probe sets of N1 and N2 target regions of the SARS-CoV-2 N gene on the DMF cartridge. Having multiple droplet tracks for qPCR, the presented DMF cartridge can perform multiple tests and controls at once.
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13
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Qin F, Zhang K, Lin B, Su P, Jia Z, Xi K, Ye J, Gu S. Solution for Mass Production of High-Throughput Digital Microfluidic Chip Based on a-Si TFT with In-Pixel Boost Circuit. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12101199. [PMID: 34683251 PMCID: PMC8541461 DOI: 10.3390/mi12101199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most popular research hotspot of lab-on-chip, digital microfluidic (DMF) technology based on the principle of electrowetting has unique advantages of high-precision, low cost and programmable control. However, due to the limitation of electrodes number, the throughput is hard to further upgrade. Therefore, active matrix electrowetting-on-dielectric (AM-EWOD) technology is a solution to acquire larger scale of driving electrodes. However, the process of manufacturing of AM-EWOD based on thin-film-transistor (TFT) is complex and expensive. Besides, the driving voltage of DMF chip is usually much higher than that of common display products.In this paper, a solution for mass production of AM-EWOD based on amorphous silicon (a-Si) is provided. Samples of 32 × 32 matrix AM-EWOD chips was designed and manufactured. A boost circuit was integrated into the pixel, which can raise the pixel voltage up by about 50%. Customized designed Printed Circuit Board (PCB) was used to supply the timing signals and driving voltage to make the motion of droplets programmable. The process of moving, mixing and generation of droplets was demonstrated.The minimum voltage in need was about 20 V and a velocity of up to 96 mm/s was achieved. Such an DMF device with large-scale matrix and low driving voltage will be very suitable for POCT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qin
- School of Electronic Science & Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (F.Q.); (J.Y.)
- Shanghai AVIC Optoelectronics, 3388 Huaning Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 201108, China;
| | - Kaidi Zhang
- Shanghai Tianma Micro-Electronics, 889 Huiqing Rd., Pudong District, Shanghai 201201, China; (K.Z.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (Z.J.)
| | - Baiquan Lin
- Shanghai Tianma Micro-Electronics, 889 Huiqing Rd., Pudong District, Shanghai 201201, China; (K.Z.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (Z.J.)
| | - Ping Su
- Shanghai Tianma Micro-Electronics, 889 Huiqing Rd., Pudong District, Shanghai 201201, China; (K.Z.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (Z.J.)
| | - Zhenyu Jia
- Shanghai Tianma Micro-Electronics, 889 Huiqing Rd., Pudong District, Shanghai 201201, China; (K.Z.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (Z.J.)
| | - Kerui Xi
- Shanghai AVIC Optoelectronics, 3388 Huaning Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 201108, China;
| | - Jiandong Ye
- School of Electronic Science & Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (F.Q.); (J.Y.)
| | - Shulin Gu
- School of Electronic Science & Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (F.Q.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Paul S, Moon H. Drop-to-drop liquid-liquid extraction of DNA in an electrowetting-on-dielectric digital microfluidics. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2021; 15:034110. [PMID: 34136060 PMCID: PMC8189723 DOI: 10.1063/5.0054003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip technologies enabled miniaturization and automation of many downstream nucleic acid analysis steps such as PCR. However, DNA extraction/isolation protocol remains a stand-alone sample preparation step. For a quick sample-to-result solution, downstream protocols and sample preparation protocols need to be seamlessly integrated into a single lab-on-a-chip platform. As a step toward such integration, this paper introduces microfluidic DNA isolation using the liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method in the drop-to-drop (DTD) format. The electrowetting-on-dielectric digital microfluidic platform is capable of handling a two-phase liquid system easily, which enables DTD LLE. In this study, the extraction of plasmid DNA (pDNA) from an aqueous sample to an ionic liquid is demonstrated. Prior to pDNA extraction study, the DTD LLE protocol was developed and optimized using organic dyes as solutes. The selective extraction of pDNA in the presence of proteins as interfering molecules is also demonstrated. This work implies that DTD LLE can substitute for magnetic beads steps in standard DNA isolation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyejin Moon
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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15
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Sensitivity Validation of EWOD Devices for Diagnosis of Early Mortality Syndrome (EMS) in Shrimp Using Colorimetric LAMP-XO Technique. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21093126. [PMID: 33946302 PMCID: PMC8124682 DOI: 10.3390/s21093126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) is a microfluidic technology used for manipulating liquid droplets at microliter to nanoliter scale. EWOD has the ability to facilitate the accurate manipulation of liquid droplets, i.e., transporting, dispensing, splitting, and mixing. In this work, EWOD fabrication with suitable and affordable materials is proposed for creating EWOD lab-on-a-chip platforms. The EWOD platforms are applied for the diagnosis of early mortality syndrome (EMS) in shrimp by utilizing the colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification method with pH-sensitive xylenol orange (LAMP-XO) diagnosis technique. The qualitative sensitivity is observed by comparing the limit of detection (LOD) while performing the LAMP-XO diagnosis test on the proposed lab-on-a-chip EWOD platform, alongside standard LAMP laboratory tests. The comparison results confirm the reliability of EMS diagnosis on the EWOD platform with qualitative sensitivity for detecting the EMS DNA plasmid concentration at 102 copies in a similar manner to the common LAMP diagnosis tests.
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16
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Carvalho Â, Ferreira G, Seixas D, Guimarães-Teixeira C, Henrique R, Monteiro FJ, Jerónimo C. Emerging Lab-on-a-Chip Approaches for Liquid Biopsy in Lung Cancer: Status in CTCs and ctDNA Research and Clinical Validation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092101. [PMID: 33925308 PMCID: PMC8123575 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lung cancer (LCa) remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with late diagnosis and limited therapeutic approaches still constraining patient’s outcome. In recent years, liquid biopsies have significantly improved the disease characterization and brought new insights into LCa diagnosis and management. The integration of microfluidic devices in liquid biopsies have shown promising results regarding circulating biomarkers isolation and analysis and these tools are expected to establish automatized and standardized results for liquid biopsies in the near future. Herein, we review the status of lab-on-a-chip approaches for liquid biopsies in LCa and highlight their current applications for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) research and clinical validation studies. Abstract Despite the intensive efforts dedicated to cancer diagnosis and treatment, lung cancer (LCa) remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality, worldwide. The poor survival rate among lung cancer patients commonly results from diagnosis at late-stage, limitations in characterizing tumor heterogeneity and the lack of non-invasive tools for detection of residual disease and early recurrence. Henceforth, research on liquid biopsies has been increasingly devoted to overcoming these major limitations and improving management of LCa patients. Liquid biopsy is an emerging field that has evolved significantly in recent years due its minimally invasive nature and potential to assess various disease biomarkers. Several strategies for characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) have been developed. With the aim of standardizing diagnostic and follow-up practices, microfluidic devices have been introduced to improve biomarkers isolation efficiency and specificity. Nonetheless, implementation of lab-on-a-chip platforms in clinical practice may face some challenges, considering its recent application to liquid biopsies. In this review, recent advances and strategies for the use of liquid biopsies in LCa management are discussed, focusing on high-throughput microfluidic devices applied for CTCs and ctDNA isolation and detection, current clinical validation studies and potential clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Carvalho
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (G.F.); (D.S.); (F.J.M.)
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.G.-T.); (R.H.); (C.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-226-074-900
| | - Gabriela Ferreira
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (G.F.); (D.S.); (F.J.M.)
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.G.-T.); (R.H.); (C.J.)
| | - Duarte Seixas
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (G.F.); (D.S.); (F.J.M.)
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.G.-T.); (R.H.); (C.J.)
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Guimarães-Teixeira
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.G.-T.); (R.H.); (C.J.)
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.G.-T.); (R.H.); (C.J.)
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando J. Monteiro
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (G.F.); (D.S.); (F.J.M.)
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.G.-T.); (R.H.); (C.J.)
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.G.-T.); (R.H.); (C.J.)
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
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Ruan Q, Zou F, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Xu X, Lin X, Tian T, Zhang H, Zhou L, Zhu Z, Yang C. Sensitive, Rapid, and Automated Detection of DNA Methylation Based on Digital Microfluidics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:8042-8048. [PMID: 33576594 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers based on DNA methylation have attracted wide attention in biomedical research due to their potential clinical value. Therefore, a sensitive and accurate method for DNA methylation detection is highly desirable for the discovery and diagnostics of human diseases, especially cancers. Here, an integrated, low-cost, and portable point-of-care (POC) device is presented to analyze DNA methylation, which integrates the process of pyrosequencing in a digital microfluidic chip. Without additional equipment and complicated operation, droplets are manipulated by patterned electrodes with individually programmed control. The system exhibited an excellent sensitivity with a limit of detection (LOD) of 10 pg and a comparable checkout down to 5% methylation level within 30 min, which offered a potential substitute for the detection of DNA methylation. With the advantages of portability, ease of use, high accuracy, and low cost, the POC platform shows great potential for the analysis of tumor-specific circulating DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Ruan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fenxiang Zou
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yang Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yingkun Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xing Xu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaoye Lin
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Tian Tian
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Leiji Zhou
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhi Zhu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chaoyong Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361005, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
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18
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Huo W, Ling W, Wang Z, Li Y, Zhou M, Ren M, Li X, Li J, Xia Z, Liu X, Huang X. Miniaturized DNA Sequencers for Personal Use: Unreachable Dreams or Achievable Goals. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.628861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The appearance of next generation sequencing technology that features short read length with high measurement throughput and low cost has revolutionized the field of life science, medicine, and even computer science. The subsequent development of the third-generation sequencing technologies represented by nanopore and zero-mode waveguide techniques offers even higher speed and long read length with promising applications in portable and rapid genomic tests in field. Especially under the current circumstances, issues such as public health emergencies and global pandemics impose soaring demand on quick identification of origins and species of analytes through DNA sequences. In addition, future development of disease diagnosis, treatment, and tracking techniques may also require frequent DNA testing. As a result, DNA sequencers with miniaturized size and highly integrated components for personal and portable use to tackle increasing needs for disease prevention, personal medicine, and biohazard protection may become future trends. Just like many other biological and medical analytical systems that were originally bulky in sizes, collaborative work from various subjects in engineering and science eventually leads to the miniaturization of these systems. DNA sequencers that involve nanoprobes, detectors, microfluidics, microelectronics, and circuits as well as complex functional materials and structures are extremely complicated but may be miniaturized with technical advancement. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art technology in developing essential components in DNA sequencers and analyzes the feasibility to achieve miniaturized DNA sequencers for personal use. Future perspectives on the opportunities and associated challenges for compact DNA sequencers are also identified.
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19
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Barman SR, Khan I, Chatterjee S, Saha S, Choi D, Lee S, Lin ZH. Electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD): Current perspectives and applications in ensuring food safety. J Food Drug Anal 2020; 28:595-621. [PMID: 35696148 PMCID: PMC9261810 DOI: 10.38212/2224-6614.1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Digital microfluidic (DMF) platforms have contributed immensely to the development of multifunctional lab-on-chip systems for performing complete sets of biological and analytical assays. Electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) technology, due to its outstanding flexibility and integrability, has emerged as a promising candidate for such lab-on-chip applications. Triggered by an electrical stimulus, EWOD devices allow precise manipulation of single droplets along the designed electrode arrays without employing external pumps and valves, thereby enhancing the miniaturization and portability of the system towards transcending important laboratory assays in resource-limited settings. In recent years, the simple fabrication process and reprogrammable architecture of EWOD chips have led to their widespread applications in food safety analysis. Various EWOD devices have been developed for the quantitative monitoring of analytes such as food-borne pathogens, heavy metal ions, vitamins, and antioxidants, which are significant in food samples. In this paper, we reviewed the advances and developments in the design of EWOD systems for performing versatile functions starting from sample preparation to sample detection, enabling rapid and high-throughput food analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Roy Barman
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013,
Taiwan
| | - Imran Khan
- Institute of NanoEngineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013,
Taiwan
| | - Subhodeep Chatterjee
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013,
Taiwan
| | - Subhajit Saha
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013,
Taiwan
| | - Dukhyun Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104,
South Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974,
South Korea
| | - Zong-Hong Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013,
Taiwan
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013,
Taiwan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104,
South Korea
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20
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Liu D, Yang Z, Zhang L, Wei M, Lu Y. Cell-free biology using remote-controlled digital microfluidics for individual droplet control. RSC Adv 2020; 10:26972-26981. [PMID: 35515808 PMCID: PMC9055536 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04588h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-free biology for diverse protein expression and biodetection in vitro has developed rapidly in recent years because of its more open and controllable reaction environment. However, complex liquid handling schemes are troublesome, especially when scaling up to perform multiple different reactions simultaneously. Digital microfluidic (DMF) technology can operate a single droplet by controlling its movement, mixing, separation, and some other actions, and is a suitable scaffold for cell-free reactions with higher efficiency. In this paper, a commercial DMF board, OpenDrop, was used, and DMF technology via remote real-time control inspired by the Internet of Things (IoT) was developed for detecting glucose enzyme catalytic cell-free reactions and verifying the feasibility of programmed cell-free protein expression. A cell-free biological reaction process which can be remote-controlled visually with excellent interactivity, controllability and flexibility was achieved. As proof-of-concept research, this work proposed a new control interface for single-drop cell-free biological reactions. It is much like the "droplet operation desktop" concept, used for remote-controllable operations and distributions of cell-free biology for efficient biological screening and protein synthesis in complex reaction networks, with expanded operability and less artificial interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Zhenghuan Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Luyang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Minglun Wei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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21
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Hess J, Kohl T, Kotrová M, Rönsch K, Paprotka T, Mohr V, Hutzenlaub T, Brüggemann M, Zengerle R, Niemann S, Paust N. Library preparation for next generation sequencing: A review of automation strategies. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 41:107537. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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22
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Programmable µChopper Device with On-Chip Droplet Mergers for Continuous Assay Calibration. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11060620. [PMID: 32630555 PMCID: PMC7344876 DOI: 10.3390/mi11060620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
While droplet-based microfluidics is a powerful technique with transformative applications, most devices are passively operated and thus have limited real-time control over droplet contents. In this report, an automated droplet-based microfluidic device with pneumatic pumps and salt water electrodes was developed to generate and coalesce up to six aqueous-in-oil droplets (2.77 nL each). Custom control software combined six droplets drawn from any of four inlet reservoirs. Using our μChopper method for lock-in fluorescence detection, we first accomplished continuous linear calibration and quantified an unknown sample. Analyte-independent signal drifts and even an abrupt decrease in excitation light intensity were corrected in real-time. The system was then validated with homogeneous insulin immunoassays that showed a nonlinear response. On-chip droplet merging with antibody-oligonucleotide (Ab-oligo) probes, insulin standards, and buffer permitted the real-time calibration and correction of large signal drifts. Full calibrations (LODconc = 2 ng mL−1 = 300 pM; LODamt = 5 amol) required <1 min with merely 13.85 nL of Ab-oligo reagents, giving cost-savings 160-fold over the standard well-plate format while also automating the workflow. This proof-of-concept device—effectively a microfluidic digital-to-analog converter—is readily scalable to more droplets, and it is well-suited for the real-time automation of bioassays that call for expensive reagents.
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Kothamachu VB, Zaini S, Muffatto F. Role of Digital Microfluidics in Enabling Access to Laboratory Automation and Making Biology Programmable. SLAS Technol 2020; 25:411-426. [PMID: 32584152 DOI: 10.1177/2472630320931794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Digital microfluidics (DMF) is a liquid handling technique that has been demonstrated to automate biological experimentation in a low-cost, rapid, and programmable manner. This review discusses the role of DMF as a "digital bioconverter"-a tool to connect the digital aspects of the design-build-learn cycle with the physical execution of experiments. Several applications are reviewed to demonstrate the utility of DMF as a digital bioconverter, namely, genetic engineering, sample preparation for sequencing and mass spectrometry, and enzyme-, immuno-, and cell-based screening assays. These applications show that DMF has great potential in the role of a centralized execution platform in a fully integrated pipeline for the production of novel organisms and biomolecules. In this paper, we discuss how the function of a DMF device within such a pipeline is highly dependent on integration with different sensing techniques and methodologies from machine learning and big data. In addition to that, we examine how the capacity of DMF can in some cases be limited by known technical and operational challenges and how consolidated efforts in overcoming these challenges will be key to the development of DMF as a major enabling technology in the computer-aided biology framework.
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Shen R, Jia Y, Mak PI, Martins RP. Clip-to-release on amplification (CRoA): a novel DNA amplification enhancer on and off microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:1928-1938. [PMID: 32352133 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00318b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite its high sensitivity, low cost, and high efficiency as a DNA amplification indicator with a yes/no answer, dsDNA-binding dye encounters incompatibility when used in microfluidic systems, resulting in problems such as false negative amplification results. Besides, its inhibition of amplification at high concentrations hinders its application both on-chip and off-chip. In this study, we propose a novel DNA amplification enhancer to counteract the drawbacks of dsDNA-binding dyes. It acts as a temporary reservoir for the free-floating dyes in solution and releases them on demand during the amplification process. Through this clip-to-release on amplification mechanism, the enhancer lowered the background fluorescence of sample droplets before amplification, enhanced the signal-to-background ratio of positive samples, and eliminated the false negative signal of on-chip PCR. Moreover, the enhancer increased the off-chip polymerase chain reaction (PCR) efficiency, boosted the fluorescence signal up to 10-fold, and made less nonspecific amplification product. All the factors affecting the enhancer's performance are investigated in detail, including its structure and concentration, and the types of dsDNA-binding dye used in the reaction. Finally, we demonstrated the broad application of the proposed amplification enhancer in various DNA amplification systems, for various genes, and on various amplification platforms. It would reignite the utilization of dsDNA dyes for wider applications in DNA analysis both on-chip and off-chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Shen
- State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China. and Faculty of Science and Technology - ECE, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yanwei Jia
- State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China. and Faculty of Science and Technology - ECE, University of Macau, Macau, China and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Pui-In Mak
- State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China. and Faculty of Science and Technology - ECE, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Rui P Martins
- State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China. and Faculty of Science and Technology - ECE, University of Macau, Macau, China and On Leave from Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
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Jain V, Muralidhar K. Electrowetting-on-Dielectric System for COVID-19 Testing. TRANSACTIONS OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 5:251-254. [PMID: 38624456 PMCID: PMC7259875 DOI: 10.1007/s41403-020-00113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing viral outbreak labeled COVID-19 is spreading rapidly across states and is posing a great threat to public health. Rapid identification of the virus in the population plays a crucial role in isolating the individual and breaking the transmission chain, apart from initiating an appropriate treatment procedure. Here, we discuss an electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) technology that uses a microprocessor-controlled electrode array to merge a possibly infected sample carried by a liquid drop with a drop of a reagent to carry out the testing process. Changes in color occurring during the mixing process of the drops are imaged using a camera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Jain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016 India
| | - K. Muralidhar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016 India
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Kumar SS, Ghosh AR. Assessment of bacterial viability: a comprehensive review on recent advances and challenges. Microbiology (Reading) 2019; 165:593-610. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shravanthi S. Kumar
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Asit Ranjan Ghosh
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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O'Sullivan S, Ali Z, Jiang X, Abdolvand R, Ünlü MS, Silva HPD, Baca JT, Kim B, Scott S, Sajid MI, Moradian S, Mansoorzare H, Holzinger A. Developments in Transduction, Connectivity and AI/Machine Learning for Point-of-Care Testing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E1917. [PMID: 31018573 PMCID: PMC6515310 DOI: 10.3390/s19081917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We review some emerging trends in transduction, connectivity and data analytics for Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) of infectious and non-communicable diseases. The patient need for POCT is described along with developments in portable diagnostics, specifically in respect of Lab-on-chip and microfluidic systems. We describe some novel electrochemical and photonic systems and the use of mobile phones in terms of hardware components and device connectivity for POCT. Developments in data analytics that are applicable for POCT are described with an overview of data structures and recent AI/Machine learning trends. The most important methodologies of machine learning, including deep learning methods, are summarised. The potential value of trends within POCT systems for clinical diagnostics within Lower Middle Income Countries (LMICs) and the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane O'Sullivan
- Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-060, Brazil.
| | - Zulfiqur Ali
- Healthcare Innovation Centre, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK.
| | - Xiaoyi Jiang
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University Münster, Münster 48149, Germany.
| | - Reza Abdolvand
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - M Selim Ünlü
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | | | - Justin T Baca
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Brian Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - Simon Scott
- Healthcare Innovation Centre, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK.
| | - Mohammed Imran Sajid
- Department of Upper GI Surgery, Wirral University Teaching Hospital, Wirral CH49 5PE, UK.
| | - Sina Moradian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - Hakhamanesh Mansoorzare
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- Institute for interactive Systems and Data Science, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8074, Austria.
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria.
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LampPort: a handheld digital microfluidic device for loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Biomed Microdevices 2019; 21:9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-018-0354-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Kim HS, Lee SH, Choi I. On-chip plasmonic immunoassay based on targeted assembly of gold nanoplasmonic particles. Analyst 2019; 144:2820-2826. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an02489h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An on-chip, non-enzymatic immunoassay was developed via the targeted assemblies of gold nanoparticles with target proteins in degassing-driven microfluidic devices and simply quantified at the single particle level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Sil Kim
- Department of Life Science
- University of Seoul
- Seoul
- South Korea
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering
- University of California at Berkeley
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Inhee Choi
- Department of Life Science
- University of Seoul
- Seoul
- South Korea
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Bae NH, Lim SY, Song Y, Jeong SW, Shin SY, Kim YT, Lee TJ, Lee KG, Lee SJ, Oh YJ, Park YM. A Disposable and Multi-Chamber Film-Based PCR Chip for Detection of Foodborne Pathogen. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18093158. [PMID: 30235826 PMCID: PMC6165562 DOI: 10.3390/s18093158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Since the increment of the threat to public health caused by foodborne pathogens, researches have been widely studied on developing the miniaturized detection system for the on-site pathogen detection. In the study, we focused on the development of portable, robust, and disposable film-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) chip containing a multiplex chamber for simultaneous gene amplification. In order to simply fabricate and operate a film-based PCR chip, different kinds of PCR chambers were designed and fabricated using polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) adhesive film, in comparison with commercial PCR, which employs a stereotyped system at a bench-top scale. No reagent leakage was confirmed during the PCR thermal cycling using the film PCR chip, which indicates that the film PCR chip is structurally stable for rapid heat cycling for DNA amplification. Owing to use of the thin film to fabricate the PCR chip, we are able to realize fast thermal transfer from the heat block that leads to short PCR amplification time. Moreover, using the film PCR chip, we could even amplify the target pathogen with 10 CFU mL−1. The artificially infected milk with various concentration of Bacillus cereus was successfully amplified on a single film PCR chip. On the basis of the reliable results, the developed film PCR chip could be a useful tool as a POCT device to detect foodborne pathogens via genetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Ho Bae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Korea.
- Nano-Bio Application Team, National NanoFab Center (NNFC), 291 Deahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Sun Young Lim
- Nano-Bio Application Team, National NanoFab Center (NNFC), 291 Deahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Younseong Song
- Nano-Bio Application Team, National NanoFab Center (NNFC), 291 Deahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Soon Woo Jeong
- Nano-Bio Application Team, National NanoFab Center (NNFC), 291 Deahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Seol Yi Shin
- Nano-Bio Application Team, National NanoFab Center (NNFC), 291 Deahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Yong Tae Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Korea Polytechnic University, 237 Sangidaehak-ro, Siheung-si 15073, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
| | - Tae Jae Lee
- Nano-Bio Application Team, National NanoFab Center (NNFC), 291 Deahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Kyoung G Lee
- Nano-Bio Application Team, National NanoFab Center (NNFC), 291 Deahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Seok Jae Lee
- Nano-Bio Application Team, National NanoFab Center (NNFC), 291 Deahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Yong-Jun Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Korea.
| | - Yoo Min Park
- Nano-Bio Application Team, National NanoFab Center (NNFC), 291 Deahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
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Millington D, Norton S, Singh R, Sista R, Srinivasan V, Pamula V. Digital microfluidics comes of age: high-throughput screening to bedside diagnostic testing for genetic disorders in newborns. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2018; 18:701-712. [PMID: 30004274 PMCID: PMC6481615 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2018.1495076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Digital microfluidics (DMF) is an emerging technology with the appropriate metrics for application to newborn and high-risk screening for inherited metabolic disease and other conditions that benefit from early treatment. Areas covered: This review traces the development of electrowetting-based DMF technology toward the fulfillment of its promise to provide an inexpensive platform to conduct enzymatic assays and targeted biomarker assays at the bedside. The high-throughput DMF platform, referred to as SEEKER®, was recently authorized by the United States Food and Drug Administration to screen newborns for four lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) and is deployed in newborn screening programs in the United States. The development of reagents and methods for LSD screening and results from screening centers are reviewed. Preliminary results from a more compact DMF device, to perform disease-specific test panels from small volumes of blood, are also reviewed. Literature for this review was sourced using principal author and subject searches in PubMed. Expert commentary: Newborn screening is a vital and highly successful public health program. DMF technology adds value to the current testing platforms that will benefit apparently healthy newborns with underlying genetic disorders and infants at-risk for conditions that present with symptoms in the newborn period.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Millington
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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A Digital Microfluidics Platform for Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Detection. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17112616. [PMID: 29144379 PMCID: PMC5713054 DOI: 10.3390/s17112616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Digital microfluidics (DMF) arises as the next step in the fast-evolving field of operation platforms for molecular diagnostics. Moreover, isothermal schemes, such as loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), allow for further simplification of amplification protocols. Integrating DMF with LAMP will be at the core of a new generation of detection devices for effective molecular diagnostics at point-of-care (POC), providing simple, fast, and automated nucleic acid amplification with exceptional integration capabilities. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the role of coupling DMF and LAMP, in a dedicated device that allows straightforward mixing of LAMP reagents and target DNA, as well as optimum temperature control (reaction droplets undergo a temperature variation of just 0.3 °C, for 65 °C at the bottom plate). This device is produced using low-temperature and low-cost production processes, adaptable to disposable and flexible substrates. DMF-LAMP is performed with enhanced sensitivity without compromising reaction efficacy or losing reliability and efficiency, by LAMP-amplifying 0.5 ng/µL of target DNA in just 45 min. Moreover, on-chip LAMP was performed in 1.5 µL, a considerably lower volume than standard bench-top reactions.
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