1
|
Shi Y, Yang T, Feng Y, Li N, Shao Q, Jiang C, Liu J. Early reduction in total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio predicts hydroxychloroquine efficacy in treating IgA nephropathy. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2397046. [PMID: 39212237 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2397046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) effectively improves lipid levels in patients with autoimmune diseases. This study aimed to examine the effect of HCQ on lipid profiles in patients with immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (IgAN) and determine whether alterations in lipid profiles can predict the efficacy of HCQ. METHODS This study retrospectively analyzed 77 patients, and the total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) decline rate after 3 months of HCQ treatment was selected as a predictor based on receiver operating curve analysis. Patients were then divided into low and high TC/HDL-C decline rate groups based on the optimal cutoff value. The Cox proportional hazard model and Kaplan-Meier curve were used to evaluate the value of the TC/HDL-C decline rate in predicting the efficacy of HCQ in patients with IgAN. RESULTS Patients in the high TC/HDL-C decline rate group with ≥50% decrease in proteinuria from baseline experienced a significant improvement during the follow-up. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that a high TC/HDL-C decline rate was strongly associated with a higher proteinuria reduction rate in patients with IgAN. Furthermore, multivariate Cox analysis indicated that a higher reduction in the TC/HDL-C ratio (hazard ratio: 2.314; 95% confidence interval: 1.234-4.340; p = 0.009) was an independent predictive indicator for achieving ≥50% reduction in proteinuria with HCQ therapy in IgAN. CONCLUSION HCQ effectively improves lipid profiles in patients with IgAN, and an early decrease in the TC/HDL-C ratio serves as a predictor of better outcomes in patients treated with HCQ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaotong Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jingkou District, China
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuyuan Shao
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunming Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huck DM, Buckley LF, Chandraker A, Blankstein R, Weber B. Targeting Pharmacotherapies for Inflammatory and Cardiorenal Endpoints in Kidney Disease. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2024; 83:511-521. [PMID: 37678318 PMCID: PMC10912396 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Inflammation is an important contributor to excess cardiovascular risk and progressive renal injury in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Dysregulation of the innate and adaptive immune system is accelerated by CKD and results in increased systemic inflammation, a heightened local vascular inflammatory response leading to accelerated atherosclerosis, and dysfunction of the cardiac and renal endothelium and microcirculation. Understanding and addressing the dysregulated immune system is a promising approach to modifying cardiorenal outcomes in people with CKD. However, targeted pharmacotherapies adopted from trials of non-CKD and cardiorheumatology populations are only beginning to be developed and tested in human clinical trials. Pharmacotherapies that inhibit the activation of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome and the downstream cytokines interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 are the most well-studied. However, most of the available evidence for efficacy is from small clinical trials with inflammatory and cardiorenal biomarker endpoints, rather than cardiovascular event endpoints, or from small CKD subgroups in larger clinical trials. Other pharmacotherapies that have proven beneficial for cardiorenal endpoints in people with CKD have been found to have pleiotropic anti-inflammatory benefits including statins, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, and glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists. Finally, emerging therapies in CKD such as interleukin-6 inhibition, small-interfering RNA against lipoproteins, aryl hydrocarbon receptor inhibitors, and therapies adopted from the renal transplant population including mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors and T regulatory cell promoters may have benefits for cardiorenal and inflammatory endpoints but require further investigation in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Huck
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leo F. Buckley
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anil Chandraker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ron Blankstein
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brittany Weber
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
André C, Bodeau S, Kamel S, Bennis Y, Caillard P. The AKI-to-CKD Transition: The Role of Uremic Toxins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16152. [PMID: 38003343 PMCID: PMC10671582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
After acute kidney injury (AKI), renal function continues to deteriorate in some patients. In a pro-inflammatory and profibrotic environment, the proximal tubules are subject to maladaptive repair. In the AKI-to-CKD transition, impaired recovery from AKI reduces tubular and glomerular filtration and leads to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Reduced kidney secretion capacity is characterized by the plasma accumulation of biologically active molecules, referred to as uremic toxins (UTs). These toxins have a role in the development of neurological, cardiovascular, bone, and renal complications of CKD. However, UTs might also cause CKD as well as be the consequence. Recent studies have shown that these molecules accumulate early in AKI and contribute to the establishment of this pro-inflammatory and profibrotic environment in the kidney. The objective of the present work was to review the mechanisms of UT toxicity that potentially contribute to the AKI-to-CKD transition in each renal compartment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille André
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Amiens Medical Center, 80000 Amiens, France; (S.B.); (Y.B.)
- GRAP Laboratory, INSERM UMR 1247, University of Picardy Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France
| | - Sandra Bodeau
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Amiens Medical Center, 80000 Amiens, France; (S.B.); (Y.B.)
- MP3CV Laboratory, UR UPJV 7517, University of Picardy Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France; (S.K.); (P.C.)
| | - Saïd Kamel
- MP3CV Laboratory, UR UPJV 7517, University of Picardy Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France; (S.K.); (P.C.)
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Amiens Medical Center, 80000 Amiens, France
| | - Youssef Bennis
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Amiens Medical Center, 80000 Amiens, France; (S.B.); (Y.B.)
- MP3CV Laboratory, UR UPJV 7517, University of Picardy Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France; (S.K.); (P.C.)
| | - Pauline Caillard
- MP3CV Laboratory, UR UPJV 7517, University of Picardy Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France; (S.K.); (P.C.)
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Amiens Medical Center, 80000 Amiens, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zakrocka I, Kocki T, Urbańska E, Załuska W. Effects of Fenofibrate and Gemfibrozil on Kynurenic Acid Production in Rat Kidneys In Vitro: Old Drugs, New Properties. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2154. [PMID: 38004294 PMCID: PMC10672417 DOI: 10.3390/life13112154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney dysfunction significantly increases the cardiovascular risk, even in cases of minor functional declines. Hypertriglyceridemia is the most common lipid abnormality reported in patients with kidney disorders. PPAR-α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α) agonists called fibrates are the main agents used to lower triglyceride levels. Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is a tryptophan (Trp) derivative directly formed from L-kynurenine (L-KYN) by kynurenine aminotransferases (KATs). KYNA is classified as a uremic toxin, the level of which is correlated with kidney function impairments and lipid abnormalities. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the most commonly used triglyceride-lowering drugs, fenofibrate and gemfibrozil, on KYNA production and KAT activity in rat kidneys in vitro. The influence of fenofibrate and gemfibrozil on KYNA formation and KAT activity was tested in rat kidney homogenates in vitro. Fenofibrate and gemfibrozil at 100 µM-1 mM significantly inhibited KYNA synthesis in rat kidney homogenates. Both fibrates directly affected the KAT I and KAT II isoenzyme activities in a dose-dependent manner at similar concentrations. The presented results reveal the novel mechanism of action of fibrates in the kidneys and suggest their potential role in kidney function protection beyond the well-known anti-hyperlipidemic effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Zakrocka
- Department of Nephrology, Medical University, Jaczewskiego Street 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Kocki
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University, Jaczewskiego Street 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (T.K.); (E.U.)
| | - Ewa Urbańska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University, Jaczewskiego Street 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (T.K.); (E.U.)
| | - Wojciech Załuska
- Department of Nephrology, Medical University, Jaczewskiego Street 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) are commonly prescribed anticoagulants for chronic hemodialysis (HD). The dialysis population comprises a unique group that receives heparin three times per week for a long period, with potential long-term cumulative metabolic effects such as osteoporosis and worsening lipid profile. HD patients have approximately half the number of lipases as healthy individuals, and their lipid metabolism is limited because of this decrease as well as partially inhibited function. Administration of UFH or LMWHs for anticoagulation can lead to metabolic starvation despite high triglyceride levels at the end of HD. In vitro studies indicate that UFH and LMWHs inhibit osteoblasts and promote osteoclasts. In patients on HD, long-term use of UFH or LMWHs did not worsen chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disease. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the underlining mechanisms of UFH and LMWHs and their possible influences on maintenance HD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Stegmayr
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University, Umea, Sweden.
| | - Li Zuo
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ward Zadora
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mitrea L, Medeleanu M, Pop CR, Rotar AM, Vodnar DC. Biotics (Pre-, Pro-, Post-) and Uremic Toxicity: Implications, Mechanisms, and Possible Therapies. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:548. [PMID: 37755974 PMCID: PMC10535688 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15090548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, more scientific data have pointed out the close connection between intestinal microbial community, nutritional habits, lifestyle, and the appearance of various affections located at certain anatomical systems. Gut dysbiosis enhances the formation and accumulation of specific metabolites with toxic potential that induce the appearance of kidney-associated illnesses. Intestinal microbes are involved in the degradation of food, drugs, or other ingested products that lead to the formation of various metabolites that end up in renal tissue. Over the last few years, the possibilities of modulating the gut microbiota for the biosynthesis of targeted compounds with bioactive properties for reducing the risk of chronic illness development were investigated. In this regard, the present narrative review provides an overview of the scientific literature across the last decade considering the relationship between bioactive compounds, pre-, pro-, and post-biotics, uremic toxicity, and kidney-associated affections, and the possibility of alleviating the accumulation and the negative effects of uremic toxins into the renal system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mitrea
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.M.); (M.M.); (A.-M.R.)
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mădălina Medeleanu
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.M.); (M.M.); (A.-M.R.)
| | - Carmen-Rodica Pop
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.M.); (M.M.); (A.-M.R.)
| | - Ancuța-Mihaela Rotar
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.M.); (M.M.); (A.-M.R.)
| | - Dan-Cristian Vodnar
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.M.); (M.M.); (A.-M.R.)
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Suh SH, Kim SW. Dyslipidemia in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: An Updated Overview. Diabetes Metab J 2023; 47:612-629. [PMID: 37482655 PMCID: PMC10555535 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2023.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a potentially modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. Whereas the recommendations for the treatment target of dyslipidemia in the general population are being more and more rigorous, the 2013 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes clinical practice guideline for lipid management in chronic kidney disease (CKD) presented a relatively conservative approach with respect to the indication of lipid lowering therapy and therapeutic monitoring among the patients with CKD. This may be largely attributed to the lack of high-quality evidence derived from CKD population, among whom the overall feature of dyslipidemia is considerably distinctive to that of general population. In this review article, we cover the characteristic features of dyslipidemia and impact of dyslipidemia on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with CKD. We also review the current evidence on lipid lowering therapy to modify the risk of cardiovascular events in this population. We finally discuss the association between dyslipidemia and CKD progression and the potential strategy to delay the progression of CKD in relation to lipid lowering therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Heon Suh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Soo Wan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alvarenga L, Cardozo LFMF, Ribeiro-Alves M, Damasceno NRT, Berretta AA, Lima JA, Khosla P, Fouque D, Mafra D. Effects of turmeric extract supplementation on the lipid and lipoprotein subfraction profile in hemodialysis patients: A randomised, double-blind, crossover and controlled trial. Phytother Res 2023; 37:3424-3437. [PMID: 37042623 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is common in patients with chronic kidney disease. Curcumin, a bioactive polyphenol from Curcuma longa, can improve lipid profile. This study aims to analyze the effects of Curcuma Longa extract supplementation on lipid profile and lipoprotein subfractions in hemodialysis (HD) patients. This is a longitudinal, double-blind, washout-period randomized clinical trial. The patients were randomized into two groups: the curcumin group (n = 10) (orange and carrot juice with 2.5 g of Curcuma Longa extract) and the control group (n = 11) (juice without curcumin) 3x/w during HD sessions for 3 months. After the washout period, patients continued the supplementation as a crossover for the same period. The lipid profile was measured using enzymatic assays. The high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein subfractions analyses were performed using LipoprintTM. In the curcumin group, the triglyceride values tended to decrease with a different triglyceride variation between the pre and post-intervention for the control and curcumin groups of 38.5 (19.8) mg/dL (p = 0.06). There was no statistical difference in the others parameters. In conclusion, Curcuma longa extract may be a good nutritional strategy to reduce triglyceride plasma levels in hemodialysis patients, but it seems ineffective for the other parameter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Alvarenga
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences-Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L F M F Cardozo
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - M Ribeiro-Alves
- HIV/AIDS Clinical Research Center, National Institute of Infectology (INI/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - N R T Damasceno
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo (FSP-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A A Berretta
- Research, Development, and Innovation Department, Apis Flora Indl. Coml. Ltda., Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J A Lima
- Research, Development, and Innovation Department, Apis Flora Indl. Coml. Ltda., Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P Khosla
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - D Fouque
- Department of Nephrology, Centre Hopitalier Lyon Sud, INSERM 1060, CENS, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - D Mafra
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences-Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Calice-Silva V, Muenz D, Wong MMY, McCullough K, Charytan D, Reichel H, Robinson B, Stengel B, Massy ZA, Pecoits-Filho R. International practice patterns of dyslipidemia management in patients with chronic kidney disease under nephrology care: is it time to review guideline recommendations? Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:67. [PMID: 37231413 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01833-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In contrast to guidelines related to lipid therapy in other areas, 2012 Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines recommend conducting a lipid profile upon diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and treating all patients older than 50 years without defining a target for lipid levels. We evaluated multinational practice patterns for lipid management in patients with advanced CKD under nephrology care. METHODS We analyzed lipid-lowering therapy (LLT), LDL- cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, and nephrologist-specified LDL-C goal upper limits in adult patients with eGFR < 60 ml/min from nephrology clinics in Brazil, France, Germany, and the United States (2014-2019). Models were adjusted for CKD stage, country, cardiovascular risk indicators, sex, and age. RESULTS LLT treatment differed significantly by country, from 51% in Germany to 61% in the US and France (p = 0.002) for statin monotherapy. For ezetimibe with or without statins, the prevalence was 0.3% in Brazil to 9% in France (< 0.001). Compared with patients not taking lipid-lowering therapy, LDL-C was lower among treated patients (p < 0.0001) and differed significantly by country (p < 0.0001). At the patient level, the LDL-C levels and statin prescription did not vary significantly by CKD stage (p = 0.09 LDL-C and p = 0.24 statin use). Between 7-23% of untreated patients in each country had LDL-C ≥ 160 mg/dL. Only 7-17% of nephrologists believed that LDL-C should be < 70 mg/dL. CONCLUSION There is substantial variation in practice patterns regarding LLT across countries but not across CKD stages. Treated patients appear to benefit from LDL-C lowering, yet a significant proportion of hyperlipidemia patients under nephrologist care are not receiving treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Calice-Silva
- Pro-Kidney Foundation, Joinville, Brazil
- University of Joinville's Region - UNIVILLE, Joinville, Brazil
| | - Daniel Muenz
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 3989 Research Park Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48108, USA
| | - Michelle M Y Wong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Keith McCullough
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 3989 Research Park Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48108, USA
| | - David Charytan
- Nephrology Division, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Helmut Reichel
- Nephrological Center Villingen-Schwenningen, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Bruce Robinson
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 3989 Research Park Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48108, USA
| | - Benedicte Stengel
- Université Paris Saclay, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie Et Santé Des Populations (CESP), Equipe Epidémiologie Clinique, Villejuif, France
| | - Ziad A Massy
- Université Paris Saclay, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie Et Santé Des Populations (CESP), Equipe Epidémiologie Clinique, Villejuif, France
- Department of Nephrology, CHU Ambroise Paré, APHP, Boulogne, France
| | - Roberto Pecoits-Filho
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 3989 Research Park Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48108, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu HJ, Miao H, Yang JZ, Liu F, Cao G, Zhao YY. Deciphering the role of lipoproteins and lipid metabolic alterations in ageing and ageing-associated renal fibrosis. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 85:101861. [PMID: 36693450 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is the ultimate pathological feature of many chronic diseases, and ageing a major risk factor for fibrotic diseases. Current therapies are limited to those that reduce the rate of functional decline in patients with mild to moderate disease, but few interventions are available to specifically target the pathogenesis of fibrosis. In this context, new treatments that can significantly improve survival time and quality of life for these patients are urgently needed. In this review, we outline both the synthesis and metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins associated with ageing-associated renal fibrosis and the prominent contribution of lipids and lipidomics in the discovery of biomarkers that can be used for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of renal ageing and fibrosis. Next, we describe the effect of dyslipidaemia on ageing-related renal fibrosis and the pathophysiological changes in the kidney caused by dyslipidaemia. We then summarize the enzymes, transporters, transcription factors, and RNAs that contribute to dysregulated lipid metabolism in renal fibrosis and discuss their role in renal fibrosis in detail. We conclude by discussing the progress in research on small molecule therapeutic agents that prevent and treat ageing and ageing-associated renal fibrosis by modulating lipid metabolism. A growing number of studies suggest that restoring aberrant lipid metabolism may be a novel and promising therapeutic strategy to combat ageing and ageing-associated renal fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jiao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Hua Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Jun-Zheng Yang
- Guangdong Nephrotic Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Institute of Consun Co. for Chinese Medicine in Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Consun Pharmaceutical Group, No. 71 Dongpeng Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17 South of Panjiayuan, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kondakova EV, Filat’eva AE, Lobanova NA, Nagaev EI, Sarimov RM, Gudkov SV, Vedunova MV. Case report: Applicability of breastfeeding the child of a patient with kidney failure with replacement therapy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1098324. [PMID: 36844211 PMCID: PMC9950765 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1098324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This case report highlights the benefit or harm of breastfeeding in a patient with Kidney Failure with Replacement Therapy (KFRT) undergoing program hemodialysis. This is a unique clinical case, as pregnancy and successful delivery are rare in this group of females. With a favorable outcome, the possibility of breastfeeding is especially relevant for doctors and the mother. The patient was a 31-year-old female who was diagnosed in 2017 with end-stage renal disease associated with chronic glomerulonephritis. Against the background of hemodialysis, pregnancy, accompanied by polyhydramnios, anemia, and secondary arterial hypertension, occurred in 2021. At 37 weeks, a healthy, full-term baby girl was born, and breastfeeding was started. In this study, we conducted a detailed analysis of toxic substances and immunologically significant proteins using high-tech analysis methods. In addition, we studied different portions of milk before and after hemodialysis at different time intervals. After a wide range of experiments, our study did not reveal an optimal time interval for breastfeeding a baby. Despite the decrease in the level of the major uremic toxins 4 h after the hemodialysis procedure, their level remained high. In addition, the content of nutrients did not reach acceptable limits and the immune status was characterized as pro-inflammatory. In our opinion, breastfeeding is not advisable for this group of patients since the concentration of nutrients is low, and the content of toxic substances exceeds the permissible limits. In this clinical case, the patient decided to stop breastfeeding one month after delivery due to insufficient breast milk and the inability to express it in a certain period of time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Kondakova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia,*Correspondence: Elena V. Kondakova,
| | - Anastasia E. Filat’eva
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Nadezhda A. Lobanova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia,Branch FESFARM NN, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Egor I. Nagaev
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ruslan M. Sarimov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Gudkov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria V. Vedunova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Castañeda R, Cáceres A, Cruz SM, Aceituno JA, Marroquín ES, Barrios Sosa AC, Strangman WK, Williamson RT. Nephroprotective plant species used in traditional Mayan Medicine for renal-associated diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115755. [PMID: 36181985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The prevalence of kidney disease has increased rapidly in recent years and has emerged as one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Natural products have been suggested as valuable nephroprotective agents due to their multi-target and synergistic effects on modulating important proteins involved in kidney injury. There is a large number of plant species that have been used traditionally for kidney-related conditions in Mesoamerican medicine by different cultural groups that could provide a valuable source of nephroprotective therapeutic candidates and could lead to potential drug discovery. AIM OF REVIEW This review aims to provide an overview of the currently known efficacy of plant species used traditionally in Mesoamerica by Mayan groups to treat kidney-related conditions and to analyze the phytochemical, pharmacological, molecular, toxicological, and clinical evidence to contribute to public health efforts and for directing future research. METHODS Primary sources of plant use reports for traditional kidney-related disorders in Mesoamerica were searched systematically from library catalogs, theses, and scientific databases (PubMed, Google Scholar; and Science Direct), and were filtered according to usage frequency in Mayan groups and plant endemism. The database of traditional plants was further analyzed based on associations with published reports of the phytochemical, pharmacological, molecular, toxicological, and clinical evidence. RESULTS The most reported kidney-related conditions used traditionally in Mayan medicine involve reducing renal damage (a cultural interpretation that considers an inflammatory or infectious condition), cleaning or purifying the blood and kidney, reducing kidney pain, and eliminating kidney stones. A total of 208 plants used for kidney-related problems by 10 Mayan groups were found, representing 143 native species, where only 42 have reported pharmacological activity against kidney damage, mainly approached by in vitro and in vivo models of chemical- or drug-induced nephrotoxicity, diabetes nephropathy, and renal injury produced by hypertension. Nephroprotective effects are mainly mediated by reducing oxidative stress, inflammatory response, fibrosis mechanisms, and apoptosis in the kidney. The most common nephroprotective compounds associated with traditional Mayan medicine were flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic acids. The most widely studied traditional plants in terms of pharmacological evidence, bioactive compounds, and mechanisms of action, are Annona muricata L., Carica papaya L., Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., Lantana camara L., Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw., Tagetes erecta L., and Zea mays L. Most of the plant species with reported pharmacological activity against kidney damage were considered safe in toxicological studies. CONCLUSION Available pharmacological reports suggest that several herbs used in traditional Mayan medicine for renal-associated diseases may have nephroprotective effects and consistent pharmacological evidence, nephroprotective compounds, and mechanisms of action in different models of kidney injury. However, more research is required to fully understand the potential of traditional Mayan medicine in drug discovery given the limited ethnobotanical studies and data available for most species with regards to identification on bioactive components, pharmacological mechanisms, and the scarce number of clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Castañeda
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of San Carlos, Guatemala.
| | | | - Sully M Cruz
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of San Carlos, Guatemala.
| | - J Agustín Aceituno
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of San Carlos, Guatemala.
| | - E Sebastián Marroquín
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of San Carlos, Guatemala.
| | - Ana C Barrios Sosa
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, USA.
| | - Wendy K Strangman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, USA.
| | - R Thomas Williamson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liao S, Lin D, Feng Q, Li F, Qi Y, Feng W, Yang C, Yan L, Ren M, Sun K. Lipid Parameters and the Development of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study in Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese Individuals. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010112. [PMID: 36615770 PMCID: PMC9823682 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests that lipid parameters are related to the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Nevertheless, prospective studies that comprehensively assess the effect of routinely available lipid measures on the development of CKD are lacking. The aim of this study was to longitudinally assess the influence of lipid metabolism indicators on the presence of CKD in a large community-based population. We conducted a prospective cohort study at Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, China, with 5345 patients of 40 years or older. Cox regression models were conducted, and hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess lipid parameters and their relationship with the incidence of CKD. During the follow-up period, 340 (6.4%) subjects developed CKD. The incidence of CKD increased progressively with quartile values of triglyceride (TG), the ratio of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C/HDL-C) and the ratio of TG to HDL-C, but decreased with HDL-C quartiles (p < 0.0001 for all trends). Pearson’s correlation analysis and multiple regression analyses indicated that these parameters were also associated with various indicators of kidney function. Moreover, we found that among all the lipid parameters, TG/HDL-C emerged as the most effective predictor of CKD. In conclusion, our findings suggest that TG/HDL-C better predicts the incidence of CKD in middle-aged and elderly Chinese individuals than other lipid parameters tested in the study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Meng Ren
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (K.S.); Tel.: +86-20-81332518 (K.S.); Fax: +86-20-81332042 (K.S.)
| | - Kan Sun
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (K.S.); Tel.: +86-20-81332518 (K.S.); Fax: +86-20-81332042 (K.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
High-Density Lipoprotein Suppresses Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Enhanced by Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein or Oxidized Phospholipids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213992. [PMID: 36430470 PMCID: PMC9698465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are found in patients with various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. We previously reported that copper-oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) promotes NET formation of neutrophils, and that the resulting NETs increase the inflammatory responses of endothelial cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) on NET formation. HL-60-derived neutrophils were treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and further incubated with oxLDL and various concentrations of HDL for 2 h. NET formation was evaluated by quantifying extracellular DNA and myeloperoxidase. We found that the addition of native HDL partially decreased NET formation of neutrophils induced by oxLDL. This effect of HDL was lost when HDL was oxidized. We showed that oxidized phosphatidylcholines and lysophosphatidylcholine, which are generated in oxLDL, promoted NET formation of PMA-primed neutrophils, and NET formation by these products was completely blocked by native HDL. Furthermore, we found that an electronegative subfraction of LDL, LDL(-), which is separated from human plasma and is thought to be an in vivo oxLDL, was capable of promoting NET formation. These results suggest that plasma lipoproteins and their oxidative modifications play multiple roles in promoting NET formation, and that HDL acts as a suppressor of this response.
Collapse
|
15
|
Van Hall-Beauvais A, Poganik JR, Huang KT, Parvez S, Zhao Y, Lin HY, Liu X, Long MJC, Aye Y. Z-REX uncovers a bifurcation in function of Keap1 paralogs. eLife 2022; 11:e83373. [PMID: 36300632 PMCID: PMC9754640 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying electrophile signaling is marred by difficulties in parsing changes in pathway flux attributable to on-target, vis-à-vis off-target, modifications. By combining bolus dosing, knockdown, and Z-REX-a tool investigating on-target/on-pathway electrophile signaling, we document that electrophile labeling of one zebrafish-Keap1-paralog (zKeap1b) stimulates Nrf2- driven antioxidant response (AR) signaling (like the human-ortholog). Conversely, zKeap1a is a dominant-negative regulator of electrophile-promoted Nrf2-signaling, and itself is nonpermissive for electrophile-induced Nrf2-upregulation. This behavior is recapitulated in human cells: (1) zKeap1b-expressing cells are permissive for augmented AR-signaling through reduced zKeap1b-Nrf2 binding following whole-cell electrophile treatment; (2) zKeap1a-expressing cells are non-permissive for AR-upregulation, as zKeap1a-Nrf2 binding capacity remains unaltered upon whole-cell electrophile exposure; (3) 1:1 ZKeap1a:zKeap1b-co-expressing cells show no Nrf2-release from the Keap1-complex following whole-cell electrophile administration, rendering these cells unable to upregulate AR. We identified a zKeap1a-specific point-mutation (C273I) responsible for zKeap1a's behavior during electrophilic stress. Human-Keap1(C273I), of known diminished Nrf2-regulatory capacity, dominantly muted electrophile-induced Nrf2-signaling. These studies highlight divergent and interdependent electrophile signaling behaviors, despite conserved electrophile sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesse R Poganik
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Kuan-Ting Huang
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Saba Parvez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Yi Zhao
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- BayRay Innovation Center, Shenzhen Bay LaboratoryShenzhenChina
| | - Hong-Yu Lin
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Xuyu Liu
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- School of Chemistry, The University of SydneySydneyAustralia
- The Heart Research Institute, NewtownNewtownAustralia
| | - Marcus John Curtis Long
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Yimon Aye
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hong S, Ghandriz R, Siddiqi S, Zhu XY, Saadiq IM, Jordan KL, Tang H, Ali KA, Lerman A, Eirin A, Lerman LO. Effects of Elamipretide on Autophagy in Renal Cells of Pigs with Metabolic Syndrome. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182891. [PMID: 36139466 PMCID: PMC9496989 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy eliminates excessive nutrients and maintains homeostasis. Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) dysregulate autophagy, possibly partly due to mitochondria injury and inflammation. Elamipretide (ELAM) improves mitochondrial function. We hypothesized that MetS blunts kidney autophagy, which ELAM would restore. Domestic pigs were fed a control or MetS-inducing diet for 16 weeks. During the 4 last weeks, MetS pigs received subcutaneous injections of ELAM (0.1 mg/kg/day, MetS + ELAM) or vehicle (MetS), and kidneys were then harvested to measure protein expression of autophagy mediators and apoptosis. Systemic and renal venous levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured to calculate renal release. The function of isolated mitochondria was assessed by oxidative stress, energy production, and pro-apoptotic activity. MetS slightly downregulated renal expression of autophagy mediators including p62, ATG5-12, mTOR, and AMPK vs. control. Increased mitochondrial H2O2 production accompanied decreased ATP production, elevated apoptosis, and renal fibrosis. In MetS + ELAM, mito-protection restored autophagic protein expression, improved mitochondrial energetics, and blunted renal cytokine release and fibrosis. In vitro, mitoprotection restored mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced oxidative stress in injured proximal tubular epithelial cells. Our study suggests that swine MetS mildly affects renal autophagy, possibly secondary to mitochondrial damage, and may contribute to kidney structural damage in MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siting Hong
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ramyar Ghandriz
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sarosh Siddiqi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ishran M. Saadiq
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kyra L. Jordan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Hui Tang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Khaled A. Ali
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Lilach O. Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-507-293-0890
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang SW, Li LC, Fu CM, Lee YT, Kuo HC, Hsu CN. Trajectory of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with chronic kidney disease and its association with cardiovascular disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:887915. [PMID: 35958399 PMCID: PMC9360605 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.887915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of longitudinal temporal trends in LDL-C in cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetes is unclear. This study categorized the long-term LDL-C trajectory and determined its association with the incidence of atherosclerotic CVD in patients with CKD according to diabetes status and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Methods The risk of atherosclerotic CVD was estimated in 137,127 Taiwanese patients with CKD using six LDL-C trajectory classes determined by the latent class mixed model as optimal, near optimal, above optimal, borderline, sustained high, and declined high over 5 years. Results The risk of CVD was higher in the sustained high LDL-C [>160 mg/dL over time; adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.45–1.94], declined high LDL-C (>160 to <100 mg/dL; aHR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.11–1.38), and borderline LDL-C (approximately 140 mg/dL over time; aHR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.07–1.26) groups than in the optimal LDL-C group (<100 mg/dL over time). There was no such association in patients with an eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m2. Persistent diabetes was associated with a 1.15–2.47-fold increase in CVD in patients with high LDL-C (>120 mg/dL). Conclusion The LDL-C trajectory pattern was associated with the phenotype of CVD risk. The degree of risk varied according to eGFR and diabetes status. A stable low LDL-C over time was potentially beneficial for prevention of CVD. Intensive lipid management and periodic assessment of LDL-C is essential to reduce the risk of CVD in patients with CKD and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Chih Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ming Fu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Ting Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ching Kuo
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chien-Ning Hsu,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pei G, Qin A, Dong L, Wang S, Liu X, Yang D, Tan J, Zhou X, Tang Y, Qin W. Prognostic Value of Triglyceride to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio (TG/HDL-C) in IgA Nephropathy Patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:877794. [PMID: 35795149 PMCID: PMC9251124 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.877794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio is an easy-to-use atherogenic and prognostic marker which has attracted increasing attention these days. However, whether TG/HDL-C correlate with outcomes in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients remains unknown. To clarify these issues, we conducted this study. Methods A total of 1146 patients from West China Hospital of Sichuan University were retrospectively analysed between 2008 and 2018.The demographic, clinical and pathological data of all patients at the time of biopsy were collected. Then, patients were divided into the high TG/HDL group (TG/HDL ≥ 1.495, N=382) and the low TG/HDL group (TG/HDL-C < 1.495, N=764) based on the optimal cut-off value of the TG/HDL-C using receive operating curve. Cox proportional hazard models and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to evaluate the renal outcomes of IgAN. Results The median age of the patients was 33 (26-42) years, and 44.5% were men. By correlation analysis, we found that the TG/HDL-C ratio was negatively correlated with the eGFR (r = 0.250, P < 0.001) but positively correlated with proteinuria (r = 0.230, P< 0.001), BMI (r=0.380, P<0.001) and serum uric (r =0.308, P< 0.001). Patients with a higher TG/HDL-C ratio tended to have hypertension [odds ratio (OR), 1.987; 95% CI, 1.527-2.587; P<0.001] and more severe pathologic lesions with tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis (OR, 1.610; 95% CI, 1.203-2.154; P=0.001). During a median follow-up period of 54.1 (35.6-73.2) months, a high TG/HDL ratio was strongly associated with worse renal survival in IgAN patients (log-rank: P <0.001). Multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that a high TG/HDL-C ratio (HR 1.775, 95% CI 1.056-2.798; P=0.029) was an independent predictive marker to ESRD. Conclusion In this study, we addressed the importance of TG/HDL-C ratio as a predictive marker for IgAN progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaiqin Pei
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Aiya Qin
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingqiu Dong
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Siqing Wang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dandan Yang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxing Tan
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhou
- West China School of Public Health, West China Forth Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lipid Profile Is Negatively Associated with Uremic Toxins in Patients with Kidney Failure-A Tri-National Cohort. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14060412. [PMID: 35737073 PMCID: PMC9231137 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14060412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with kidney failure (KF) have a high incidence of cardiovascular (CV) disease, partly driven by insufficient clearance of uremic toxins. Recent investigations have questioned the accepted effects of adverse lipid profile and CV risk in uremic patients. Therefore, we related a panel of uremic toxins previously associated with CV morbidity/mortality to a full lipid profile in a large, tri-national, cross-sectional cohort. Total, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), non-HDL, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and remnant cholesterol, as well as triglyceride, levels were associated with five uremic toxins in a cohort of 611 adult KF patients with adjustment for clinically relevant covariates and other patient-level variables. Univariate analyses revealed negative correlations of total, non-HDL, and LDL cholesterol with all investigated uremic toxins. Multivariate linear regression analyses confirmed independent, negative associations of phenylacetylglutamine with total, non-HDL, and LDL cholesterol, while indole-3 acetic acid associated with non-HDL and LDL cholesterol. Furthermore, trimethylamine-N-Oxide was independently and negatively associated with non-HDL cholesterol. Sensitivity analyses largely confirmed findings in the entire cohort. In conclusion, significant inverse associations between lipid profile and distinct uremic toxins in KF highlight the complexity of the uremic milieu, suggesting that not all uremic toxin interactions with conventional CV risk markers may be pathogenic.
Collapse
|
20
|
Lee C, Park JT, Chang TI, Kang EW, Nam KH, Joo YS, Sung SA, Kim YH, Chae DW, Park SK, Ahn C, Oh KH, Yoo TH, Kang SW, Han SH. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and adverse clinical outcomes in chronic kidney disease: Results from the KNOW-CKD. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:410-419. [PMID: 34893405 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The optimal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level to prevent cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the association of LDL-C levels with adverse cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in Korean CKD patients and determine the validity of "the lower, the better" strategy for statin intake. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 1886 patients from the KoreaN cohort study for Outcome in patients With CKD (KNOW-CKD) were included. Patients were classified into four LDL-C categories: <70, 70-99, 100-129, and ≥130 mg/dL. The primary outcome was extended major adverse cardiovascular events (eMACEs). Secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality, and CKD progression. During the follow-up period, the primary outcome events occurred in 136 (7.2%) patients (16.9 per 1000 person-years). There was a graded association between LDL-C and the risk of eMACEs. The hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for LDL-C categories of 70-99, 100-129, and ≥130 mg/dL were 2.06 (1.14-3.73), 2.79 (1.18-6.58), and 4.10 (1.17-14.3), respectively, compared to LDL-C <70 mg/dL. Time-varying analysis showed consistent findings. The predictive performance of LDL-C for eMACEs was affected by kidney function. Higher LDL-C levels were also associated with significantly higher risks of CKD progression. However, LDL-C level was not associated with all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS This study showed a graded relationship between LDL-C and the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcome in CKD patients. The lowest risk was observed with LDL-C <70 mg/dL, suggesting that a lower LDL-C target may be acceptable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changhyun Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeongju Red Cross Hospital, Yeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea; Division of Integrated Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Medical Center, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Ik Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Medical Center, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Ea Wha Kang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Medical Center, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Ki Heon Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Su Joo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Su-Ah Sung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeong Hoon Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University, Pusan Paik Hospital, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Chae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Su Kyung Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Curie Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kook-Hwan Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Discordance between LDL-C and Apolipoprotein B Levels and Its Association with Renal Dysfunction: Insights from a Population-Based Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11020313. [PMID: 35054008 PMCID: PMC8781725 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) are established markers of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), but when concentrations are discordant ApoB is the superior predictor. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with ASCVD, yet the independent role of atherogenic lipoproteins is contentious. Four groups were created based upon high and low levels of ApoB and LDL-C. Continuous and categorical variables were compared across groups, as were adjusted markers of CKD. Logistic regression analysis assessed association(s) with CKD based on the groups. Subjects were categorised by LDL-C and ApoB, using cut-off values of >160 mg/dL and >130 mg/dL, respectively. Those with low LDL-C and high ApoB, compared to those with high LDL-C and high ApoB, had significantly higher body mass index (30.7 vs. 30.1 kg/m2) and waist circumference (106.1 vs. 102.7 cm) and the highest fasting blood glucose (117.5 vs. 112.7 mg/dL), insulin (16.6 vs. 13.1 μU/mL) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (5.3 vs. 3.7) profiles (all p < 0.001). This group, compared to those with high LDL-C and high ApoB, also had the highest levels of urine albumin (2.3 vs. 2.2 mg/L), log albumin-creatinine ratio (2.2 vs. 2.1 mg/g) and serum uric acid (6.1 vs. 5.6 mg/dL) and the lowest estimated glomerular filtration rate (81.3 vs. 88.4 mL/min/1.73 m2) (all p < 0.001). In expanded logistic regression models, using the low LDL-C and low ApoB group as a reference, those with low LDL-C and high ApoB had the strongest association with CKD, odds ratio (95% CI) 1.12 (1.08-1.16). Discordantly high levels of ApoB are independently associated with increased likelihood of CKD. ApoB remains associated with metabolic dysfunction, regardless of LDL-C.
Collapse
|
22
|
Zheng J, Zhang Y, Rasheed H, Walker V, Sugawara Y, Li J, Leng Y, Elsworth B, Wootton RE, Fang S, Yang Q, Burgess S, Haycock PC, Borges MC, Cho Y, Carnegie R, Howell A, Robinson J, Thomas LF, Brumpton BM, Hveem K, Hallan S, Franceschini N, Morris AP, Köttgen A, Pattaro C, Wuttke M, Yamamoto M, Kashihara N, Akiyama M, Kanai M, Matsuda K, Kamatani Y, Okada Y, Walters R, Millwood IY, Chen Z, Davey Smith G, Barbour S, Yu C, Åsvold BO, Zhang H, Gaunt TR. Trans-ethnic Mendelian-randomization study reveals causal relationships between cardiometabolic factors and chronic kidney disease. Int J Epidemiol 2022; 50:1995-2010. [PMID: 34999880 PMCID: PMC8743120 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was to systematically test whether previously reported risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) are causally related to CKD in European and East Asian ancestries using Mendelian randomization. METHODS A total of 45 risk factors with genetic data in European ancestry and 17 risk factors in East Asian participants were identified as exposures from PubMed. We defined the CKD by clinical diagnosis or by estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Ultimately, 51 672 CKD cases and 958 102 controls of European ancestry from CKDGen, UK Biobank and HUNT, and 13 093 CKD cases and 238 118 controls of East Asian ancestry from Biobank Japan, China Kadoorie Biobank and Japan-Kidney-Biobank/ToMMo were included. RESULTS Eight risk factors showed reliable evidence of causal effects on CKD in Europeans, including genetically predicted body mass index (BMI), hypertension, systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, lipoprotein(a), type 2 diabetes (T2D) and nephrolithiasis. In East Asians, BMI, T2D and nephrolithiasis showed evidence of causality on CKD. In two independent replication analyses, we observed that increased hypertension risk showed reliable evidence of a causal effect on increasing CKD risk in Europeans but in contrast showed a null effect in East Asians. Although liability to T2D showed consistent effects on CKD, the effects of glycaemic phenotypes on CKD were weak. Non-linear Mendelian randomization indicated a threshold relationship between genetically predicted BMI and CKD, with increased risk at BMI of >25 kg/m2. CONCLUSIONS Eight cardiometabolic risk factors showed causal effects on CKD in Europeans and three of them showed causality in East Asians, providing insights into the design of future interventions to reduce the burden of CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
| | - Yuemiao Zhang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Humaira Rasheed
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Venexia Walker
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuka Sugawara
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiachen Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yue Leng
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Elsworth
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
| | - Robyn E Wootton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
| | - Si Fang
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
| | - Qian Yang
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, UK
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Philip C Haycock
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
| | - Maria Carolina Borges
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
| | - Yoonsu Cho
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca Carnegie
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
| | - Amy Howell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
| | - Jamie Robinson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
| | - Laurent F Thomas
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ben Michael Brumpton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stein Hallan
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Nephrology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cristian Pattaro
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated with the University of Lübeck), Bolzano, Italy
| | - Matthias Wuttke
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Naoki Kashihara
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masato Akiyama
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kanai
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate school of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Robin Walters
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, UK
| | - Sean Barbour
- Division of Nephrology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Provincial Renal Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hong Zhang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tom R Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Myeloid leukocytes' diverse effects on cardiovascular and systemic inflammation in chronic kidney disease. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:38. [PMID: 35896846 PMCID: PMC9329413 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00945-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease's prevalence rises globally. Whereas dialysis treatment replaces the kidney's filtering function and prolongs life, dreaded consequences in remote organs develop inevitably over time. Even milder reductions in kidney function not requiring replacement therapy associate with bacterial infections, cardiovascular and heart valve disease, which markedly limit prognosis in these patients. The array of complications is diverse and engages a wide gamut of cellular and molecular mechanisms. The innate immune system is profoundly and systemically altered in chronic kidney disease and, as a unifying element, partakes in many of the disease's complications. As such, a derailed immune system fuels cardiovascular disease progression but also elevates the propensity for serious bacterial infections. Recent data further point towards a role in developing calcific aortic valve stenosis. Here, we delineate the current state of knowledge on how chronic kidney disease affects innate immunity in cardiovascular organs and on a systemic level. We review the role of circulating myeloid cells, monocytes and neutrophils, resident macrophages, dendritic cells, ligands, and cellular pathways that are activated or suppressed when renal function is chronically impaired. Finally, we discuss myeloid cells' varying responses to uremia from a systems immunology perspective.
Collapse
|
24
|
Gallagher A, Agresta B, Smyth B, Jardine M, Ferro C, Morton RL. Trimming the Fat: Is there a Health Economic Case for use of New Lipid Lowering Drugs in Chronic Kidney Disease? A Scoping Review. Clin Kidney J 2021; 15:1049-1059. [PMID: 35664276 PMCID: PMC9155226 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfab288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at a very high risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). New lipid-lowering agents offer hope of improved outcomes where traditional agents have been less efficacious, yet the cost of these agents needs consideration in this population before their widespread application. Objective We sought to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of novel lipid-lowering therapies for a CKD population. Methods We searched four electronic databases, one government registry and the reference lists of included literature to identify cost-effectiveness analyses of novel lipid-lowering agents in CKD. Costs were converted to a single currency to allow cross-country comparisons. Completeness of reporting was analysed using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards checklist. Results were synthesized in narrative form with graphical representation of cost-effectiveness ratios. Results Of the 1041 identified studies, 4 met the inclusion criteria. None were specific to a CKD-only population. All examined the impact of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9is) in the secondary prevention of ASCVD. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of new agents compared with standard care were between €7288 and €112 530 per quality-adjusted life year gained. Cost-effectiveness was sensitive to the degree of cardiovascular risk of the underlying populations. Conclusion This review found PCSK9is were moderately cost-effective in populations with high cardiovascular risk. People with CKD were included as an undifferentiated subpopulation in the primary studies, but application of these findings to CKD-specific populations should be interpreted with caution. There is insufficient evidence for a health economic case to support novel lipid-lowering therapies for advanced CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gallagher
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Blaise Agresta
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Brendan Smyth
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Meg Jardine
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Charles Ferro
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Rachael L Morton
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ebert T, Neytchev O, Witasp A, Kublickiene K, Stenvinkel P, Shiels PG. Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Chronic Kidney Disease and Dialysis Patients. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:1426-1448. [PMID: 34006115 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can be regarded as a burden of lifestyle disease that shares common underpinning features and risk factors with the aging process; it is a complex constituted by several adverse components, including chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, early vascular aging, and cellular senescence. Recent Advances: A systemic approach to tackle CKD, based on mitigating the associated inflammatory, cell stress, and damage processes, has the potential to attenuate the effects of CKD, but it also preempts the development and progression of associated morbidities. In effect, this will enhance health span and compress the period of morbidity. Pharmacological, nutritional, and potentially lifestyle-based interventions are promising therapeutic avenues to achieve such a goal. Critical Issues: In the present review, currents concepts of inflammation and oxidative damage as key patho-mechanisms in CKD are addressed. In particular, potential beneficial but also adverse effects of different systemic interventions in patients with CKD are discussed. Future Directions: Senotherapeutics, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (NRF2-KEAP1) signaling pathway, the endocrine klotho axis, inhibitors of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), and live bio-therapeutics have the potential to reduce the burden of CKD and improve quality of life, as well as morbidity and mortality, in this fragile high-risk patient group. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 1426-1448.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ebert
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ognian Neytchev
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Witasp
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karolina Kublickiene
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul G Shiels
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhu X, Jiang L, Long M, Wei X, Hou Y, Du Y. Metabolic Reprogramming and Renal Fibrosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:746920. [PMID: 34859009 PMCID: PMC8630632 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.746920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There are several causes of chronic kidney disease, but all of these patients have renal fibrosis. Although many studies have examined the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis, there are still no effective treatments. A healthy and balanced metabolism is necessary for normal cell growth, proliferation, and function, but metabolic abnormalities can lead to pathological changes. Normal energy metabolism is particularly important for maintaining the structure and function of the kidneys because they consume large amounts of energy. We describe the metabolic reprogramming that occurs during renal fibrosis, which includes changes in fatty acid metabolism and glucose metabolism, and the relationship of these changes with renal fibrosis. We also describe the potential role of novel drugs that disrupt this metabolic reprogramming and the development of fibrosis, and current and future challenges in the treatment of fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Physical Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mengtuan Long
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuejiao Wei
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Hou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yujun Du
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Determination of Oxidized Lipids in Commonly Consumed Foods and a Preliminary Analysis of Their Binding Affinity to PPARγ. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081702. [PMID: 34441480 PMCID: PMC8393428 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Foods rich in poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are vulnerable to oxidation. While it is well established that endogenously derived oxidized lipids are ligands of the transcription factor PPARγ, the binding ability of diet-derived oxidized lipids is unknown. Our two-fold objective was to determine the oxidized lipid content and PPARγ binding ability of commonly consumed foods. Extracted food lipids were assayed for the peroxide value, conjugated dienes, and aldehydes, and PPARγ binding was assessed by an in vitro PPARγ ligand screening assay. Oxidized lipids were present in all foods tested at the time of purchase, and oxidation did not increase during storage. The peroxide values for walnuts, sunflower seeds, and flax meal were significantly lower at the end of three months as compared to the day of purchase (peroxide value: 1.26 ± 0.13 vs. 2.32 ± 0.4; 1.65 ± 0.23 vs. 2.08 ± 0.09; 3.07 ± 0.22 vs. 9.94 ± 0.75 mEq/kg fat, p ≤ 0.05, respectively). Lipids extracted from French fries had the highest binding affinity (50.87 ± 11.76%) to PPARγ compared to other foods. Our work demonstrates that oxidized lipids are present in commonly consumed foods when purchased, and for the first time demonstrates that some contain ligands of PPARγ.
Collapse
|
28
|
Is a treat-to-target approach to lipid-lowering therapy appropriate in patients with chronic kidney disease? A prospective French cohort study. J Nephrol 2021; 34:1467-1477. [PMID: 34117621 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-021-01086-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whereas European guidelines recommend adjusting lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) to meet prespecified targets ('treat-to-target') for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), other guidelines do not ('fire and forget'). In a large observational prospective cohort, we sought to evaluate which strategy could be associated with better cardiovascular outcomes in chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS In CKD-REIN, patients (CKD stages 3 and 4) on LLT were categorized according to achievement of LDL-C targets for high and very high cardiovascular risk (< 2.6 and < 1.8 mmol/L, respectively) at baseline. Primary outcome was fatal/non-fatal atheromatous cardiovascular disease (CVD). Secondary outcomes were non-atheromatous CVD, atheromatous or non-atheromatous CVD, and major adverse cardiovascular events. RESULTS The population comprised 1521 patients (68 ± 12 years, 31% women, mean estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] 35 mL/min/1.73 m2). Overall, 523 (34%) met their LDL-C targets at baseline. Median follow-up was 2.9 years (interquartile range 2.2-3.0). Incidence rates per 100 patient-years were 6.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.5-7.0) for atheromatous CVD, 9.2% (8.3-10.1) for non-atheromatous CVD, 15.2% (14.0-16.4) for atheromatous/non-atheromatous CVD, and 6.3% (5.5-7.1) for major adverse cardiovascular events. Corresponding rates in patients who achieved targets were 6.6%, 9.8%, 16.1%, and 6.3%, respectively. Target achievement was not associated with risk of fatal/non-fatal atheromatous CVD (adjusted hazard ratio 1.04, 95% CI 0.76-1.44, p = 0.77) or fatal/non-fatal atheromatous or non-atheromatous CVD (0.98, 0.78-1.23, p = 0.91). CONCLUSIONS These findings do not appear to support a treat-to-target approach in CKD patients on LLT, and may favor the hypothesis of an advantage of fire-and-forget. Randomized trials are needed to confirm this theory.
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhong J, Yang HC, Yermalitsky V, Shelton EL, Otsuka T, Wiese CB, May-Zhang LS, Banan B, Abumrad N, Huang J, Cavnar AB, Kirabo A, Yancey PG, Fogo AB, Vickers KC, Linton MF, Davies SS, Kon V. Kidney injury-mediated disruption of intestinal lymphatics involves dicarbonyl-modified lipoproteins. Kidney Int 2021; 100:585-596. [PMID: 34102217 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Kidney disease affects intestinal structure and function. Although intestinal lymphatics are central in absorption and remodeling of dietary and synthesized lipids/lipoproteins, little is known about how kidney injury impacts the intestinal lymphatic network, or lipoproteins transported therein. To study this, we used puromycin aminoglycoside-treated rats and NEP25 transgenic mice to show that proteinuric injury expanded the intestinal lymphatic network, activated lymphatic endothelial cells and increased mesenteric lymph flow. The lymph was found to contain increased levels of cytokines, immune cells, and isolevuglandin (a highly reactive dicarbonyl) and to have a greater output of apolipoprotein AI. Plasma levels of cytokines and isolevuglandin were not changed. However, isolevuglandin was also increased in the ileum of proteinuric animals, and intestinal epithelial cells exposed to myeloperoxidase produced more isolevuglandin. Apolipoprotein AI modified by isolevuglandin directly increased lymphatic vessel contractions, activated lymphatic endothelial cells, and enhanced the secretion of the lymphangiogenic promoter vascular endothelial growth factor-C by macrophages. Inhibition of isolevuglandin synthesis by a carbonyl scavenger reduced intestinal isolevuglandin adduct level and lymphangiogenesis. Thus, our data reveal a novel mediator, isolevuglandin modified apolipoprotein AI, and uncover intestinal lymphatic network structure and activity as a new pathway in the crosstalk between kidney and intestine that may contribute to the adverse impact of kidney disease on other organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hai-Chun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
| | - Valery Yermalitsky
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Elaine L Shelton
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tadashi Otsuka
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Carrie B Wiese
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Linda S May-Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Babak Banan
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Naji Abumrad
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jiansheng Huang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ashley B Cavnar
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Patricia G Yancey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Agnes B Fogo
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kasey C Vickers
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - MacRae F Linton
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sean S Davies
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Valentina Kon
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tirichen H, Yaigoub H, Xu W, Wu C, Li R, Li Y. Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Contribution in Chronic Kidney Disease Progression Through Oxidative Stress. Front Physiol 2021; 12:627837. [PMID: 33967820 PMCID: PMC8103168 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.627837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are known to generate approximately 90% of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). The imbalance between mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production and removal due to overproduction of ROS and/or decreased antioxidants defense activity results in oxidative stress (OS), which leads to oxidative damage that affects several cellular components such as lipids, DNA, and proteins. Since the kidney is a highly energetic organ, it is more vulnerable to damage caused by OS and thus its contribution to the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This article aims to review the contribution of mtROS and OS to CKD progression and kidney function deterioration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasna Tirichen
- School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hasnaa Yaigoub
- School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Weiwei Xu
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Changxin Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rongshan Li
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yafeng Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China.,Precision Medicine Center, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Horace RW, Roberts M, Shireman TI, Merhi B, Jacques P, Bostom AG, Liu S, Eaton CB. Remnant cholesterol is prospectively associated with CVD events and all-cause mortality in kidney transplant recipients: the FAVORIT study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 37:382-389. [PMID: 33760035 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cholesterol content of circulating triglyceride-rich lipoproteins is characterized as remnant cholesterol, although little is known about its role in the development of CVD outcomes, all-cause mortality, or transplant failure in kidney transplant recipients. Our primary aim was to investigate the prospective association of remnant cholesterol and the risk of CVD events in renal transplant recipients with secondary aims evaluating remnant cholesterol and renal graft failure and all-cause mortality among participants in the Folic Acid for Vascular Outcome Reduction in Transplantation (FAVORIT) trial. METHODS Among 4,110 enrolled participants, 98 were excluded for missing baseline remnant cholesterol levels and covariates. Non fasting remnant cholesterol levels were calculated based upon lipid profiles in 3,812 FAVORIT trial participants at randomization. Wilcoxon-type test for trend were used to compare baseline characteristics across remnant cholesterol quartiles. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the association of baseline remnant cholesterol levels with time to primary and secondary study outcomes. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 4.0 years, we documented 548 CVD incident events, 343 transplant failures, 452 All-Cause deaths. When comparing highest quartile 4 to quartile 1, proportional hazards modeling revealed a significant increase in CVD risk (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.04-1.67) and all-cause mortality risk (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.01-1.69). A non-significant increase in transplant failure was seen as well (HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.87-1.64). CONCLUSION Remnant cholesterol is associated with CVD and all-cause mortality in long-term kidney transplant recipients KTRs. A randomized controlled clinical trial in KTRs that assesses the potential impact of remnant cholesterol-lowering therapy on these outcomes may be warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reuben William Horace
- Brown University School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, USA.,Center for Primary Care, Prevention, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mary Roberts
- Center for Primary Care, Prevention, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Theresa I Shireman
- Brown University School of Public Health: Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Basma Merhi
- Division of Hypertension and Kidney Diseases, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, USA
| | - Paul Jacques
- Nutritional Epidemiology Program, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, USA
| | - Andrew G Bostom
- Division of Hypertension and Kidney Diseases, Department of Medicine, USA
| | - Simin Liu
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine and Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, USA
| | - Charles B Eaton
- Center for Primary Care, Prevention, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Involvement in Red Blood Cell Damage in Chronic Kidney Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6639199. [PMID: 33708334 PMCID: PMC7932781 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6639199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) released in cells are signaling molecules but can also modify signaling proteins. Red blood cells perform a major role in maintaining the balance of the redox in the blood. The main cytosolic protein of RBC is hemoglobin (Hb), which accounts for 95-97%. Most other proteins are involved in protecting the blood cell from oxidative stress. Hemoglobin is a major factor in initiating oxidative stress within the erythrocyte. RBCs can also be damaged by exogenous oxidants. Hb autoxidation leads to the generation of a superoxide radical, of which the catalyzed or spontaneous dismutation produces hydrogen peroxide. Both oxidants induce hemichrome formation, heme degradation, and release of free iron which is a catalyst for free radical reactions. To maintain the redox balance, appropriate antioxidants are present in the cytosol, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2), as well as low molecular weight antioxidants: glutathione, ascorbic acid, lipoic acid, α-tocopherol, β-carotene, and others. Redox imbalance leads to oxidative stress and may be associated with overproduction of ROS and/or insufficient capacity of the antioxidant system. Oxidative stress performs a key role in CKD as evidenced by the high level of markers associated with oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA in vivo. In addition to the overproduction of ROS, a reduced antioxidant capacity is observed, associated with a decrease in the activity of SOD, GPx, PRDX2, and low molecular weight antioxidants. In addition, hemodialysis is accompanied by oxidative stress in which low-biocompatibility dialysis membranes activate phagocytic cells, especially neutrophils and monocytes, leading to a respiratory burst. This review shows the production of ROS under normal conditions and CKD and its impact on disease progression. Oxidative damage to red blood cells (RBCs) in CKD and their contribution to cardiovascular disease are also discussed.
Collapse
|
33
|
Nabi R, Alvi SS, Shah A, Chaturvedi CP, Faisal M, Alatar AA, Ahmad S, Khan MS. Ezetimibe attenuates experimental diabetes and renal pathologies via targeting the advanced glycation, oxidative stress and AGE-RAGE signalling in rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021:1-16. [PMID: 33508970 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1874996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The current in-vivo study was premeditated to uncover the protective role of ezetimibe (EZ) against advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs)-related pathologies in experimental diabetes. Our results showed that EZ markedly improved the altered biochemical markers of diabetes mellitus (DM) (FBG, HbA1c, insulin, microalbumin, and creatinine) and cardiovascular disease (in-vivo lipid/lipoprotein level and hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity) along with diminished plasma carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) and renal fluorescent AGEs level. Gene expression study revealed that EZ significantly down-regulated the renal AGEs-receptor (RAGE), nuclear factor-κB (NFκB-2), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1), and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) mRNA expression, however, the neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) mRNA expression was up-regulated. In addition, EZ also maintained the redox status via decreasing the lipid peroxidation and protein-bound carbonyl content (CC) and increasing the activity of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated-paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) and renal antioxidant enzymes as well as also protected renal histopathological features. We conclude that EZ exhibits antidiabetic and reno-protective properties in diabetic rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Nabi
- IIRC-5, Clinical Biochemistry and Natural Product Research Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Sahir Sultan Alvi
- IIRC-5, Clinical Biochemistry and Natural Product Research Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Arunim Shah
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Chandra P Chaturvedi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammad Faisal
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Alatar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saheem Ahmad
- IIRC-5, Clinical Biochemistry and Natural Product Research Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - M Salman Khan
- IIRC-5, Clinical Biochemistry and Natural Product Research Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ding WY, Protty MB, Davies IG, Lip GYH. Relationship between lipoproteins, thrombosis and atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:716-731. [PMID: 33483737 PMCID: PMC8859639 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The prothrombotic state in atrial fibrillation (AF) occurs as a result of multifaceted interactions, known as Virchow’s triad of hypercoagulability, structural abnormalities, and blood stasis. More recently, there is emerging evidence that lipoproteins are implicated in this process, beyond their traditional role in atherosclerosis. In this review, we provide an overview of the various lipoproteins and explore the association between lipoproteins and AF, the effects of lipoproteins on haemostasis, and the potential contribution of lipoproteins to thrombogenesis in AF. There are several types of lipoproteins based on size, lipid composition, and apolipoprotein category, namely: chylomicrons, very low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein. Each of these lipoproteins may contain numerous lipid species and proteins with a variety of different functions. Furthermore, the lipoprotein particles may be oxidized causing an alteration in their structure and content. Of note, there is a paradoxical inverse relationship between total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, and incident AF. The mechanism by which this occurs may be related to the stabilizing effect of cholesterol on myocardial membranes, along with its role in inflammation. Overall, specific lipoproteins may interact with haemostatic pathways to promote excess platelet activation and thrombin generation, as well as inhibiting fibrinolysis. In this regard, LDL-C has been shown to be an independent risk factor for thromboembolic events in AF. The complex relationship between lipoproteins, thrombosis and AF warrants further research with an aim to improve our knowledge base and contribute to our overall understanding of lipoprotein-mediated thrombosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wern Yew Ding
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Majd B Protty
- Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ian G Davies
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhao WB, Zhu L, Rahman T. Increased serum concentration of apolipoprotein B is associated with an increased risk of reaching renal replacement therapy in patients with diabetic kidney disease. Ren Fail 2021; 42:323-328. [PMID: 32242489 PMCID: PMC7170318 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2020.1745235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Few studies have investigated the association of apolipoprotein B (ApoB) with the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and the risk of renal replacement therapy (RRT). Method In this retrospective cohort study, a group of 258 DKD patients with stage 3–5chronic kidney disease(CKD)were divided into low ApoB (<1.1 g/L) and high ApoB (≥1.1 g/L) groups and followed-up for 20.51 ± 6.11 months. The association of the serum ApoB concentration with RRT was determined by Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analysis. ApoB was measured in the serum. Results Ninety-three of the 258 DKD patients needed RRT during follow-up. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients with high ApoB were significantly more likely to progress to RRT than those with low ApoB (log-rank = 16.62, p < 0.001). The presence of high ApoB increased the risk of RRT. Analysis of ApoB as either a categorical (<1.1 g/L or ≥1.1 g/l) or continuous variable by univariate and multivariate regression found that ApoB was an independent risk factor of DKD progression to RRT in this group of DKD patients with stage 3–5 CKD (p < 0.05). Conclusion Increased ApoB was an independent predictor of progression to RRT. A larger study is needed to confirm the unfavorable prognosis of increased ApoB in DKD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bo Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tohty Rahman
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang L, Xiang F, Ji J, Ding X, Shen B, Chen J, Chen Y, Xue N, Zhang L, Jiang X, Cao X. Indoxyl sulfate and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in early stages of chronic kidney disease. Ren Fail 2020; 42:1157-1163. [PMID: 33191829 PMCID: PMC7671672 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2020.1845731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High IS level has been demonstrated to be associated with vascular calcification and lymphocyte functional disorders, which are both risk factors of CVD. Low HDL-c level is a risk factor of CVD in CKD patients. This study was designed to explore the potential relationship between IS and HDL-c levels in early stages of CKD population. Methods Patients of CKD stage 1-3 were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Correlations between HDL-c and IS levels were investigated among various clinicopathological variables through independent samples t test and multivariate logistic regression. Results A total of 205 CKD patients (96 men) aged 43.27 ± 13.80 years old were included in this research. There were 96 patients (46 men) in CKD stage1 and 109 (50 men) in CKD stage 2 or stage 3. IS levels were significantly higher in CKD 2 + 3 group (1.50 ± 1.74 μg/ml vs. 0.94 ± 0.66 μg/ml, p = 0.007), while HDL-c levels were lower (1.19 ± 0.39 mmol/L vs. 1.33 ± 0.45 mmol/L, p = 0.017) compared to CKD 1 group. Among all the patients, a negative correlation was observed between IS and HDL-c levels (r = −0.244, p = 0.001). IS level was an independent risk factor for low HDL-c (<1.04 mmol/L) incidence even after controlling for potential confounders including concomitant disease, age, sex, blood pressure, BMI and laboratory biochemical test including eGFR (OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.11–2.39, p = 0.013). IS and HDL-c were both risk factors for predicting CKD stage 3. Conclusions In early CKD stages, low HDL-c level is associated with increased IS levels, which may be an important contributor in the development of dyslipidemia in CKD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangfang Xiang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ji
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunqin Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Xue
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotian Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuesen Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rysz J, Franczyk B, Ławiński J, Gluba-Brzózka A. Oxidative Stress in ESRD Patients on Dialysis and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111079. [PMID: 33153174 PMCID: PMC7693989 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is highly prevalent worldwide. The decline of renal function is associated with inadequate removal of a variety of uremic toxins that exert detrimental effects on cells functioning, thus affecting the cardiovascular system. The occurrence of cardiovascular aberrations in CKD is related to the impact of traditional risk factors and non-traditional CKD-associated risk factors, including anemia; inflammation; oxidative stress; the presence of some uremic toxins; and factors related to the type, frequency of dialysis and the composition of dialysis fluid. Cardiovascular diseases are the most frequent cause for the deaths of patients with all stages of renal failure. The kidney is one of the vital sources of antioxidant enzymes, therefore, the impairment of this organ is associated with decreased levels of these enzymes as well as increased levels of pro-oxidants. Uremic toxins have been shown to play a vital role in the onset of oxidative stress. Hemodialysis itself also enhances oxidative stress. Elevated oxidative stress has been demonstrated to be strictly related to kidney and cardiac damage as it aggravates kidney dysfunction and induces cardiac hypertrophy. Antioxidant therapies may prove to be beneficial since they can decrease oxidative stress, reduce uremic cardiovascular toxicity and improve survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Łódź, Poland; (J.R.); (B.F.)
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Łódź, Poland; (J.R.); (B.F.)
| | - Janusz Ławiński
- Department of Urology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Anna Gluba-Brzózka
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Łódź, Poland; (J.R.); (B.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-639-3750
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Asghar MS, Hassan M, Rasheed U, Haider Kazmi SJ, Khan NA, Khalid F, Anum A, Anwar S. Impact of Fasting Lipid Profile on Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Having Fatty Liver Disease. Cureus 2020; 12:e11146. [PMID: 33251056 PMCID: PMC7685813 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Chronic kidney disease (CKD) share a common pathophysiology with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aims to identify the lipid derangements in patients of CKD and to associate them with radiological evidence of NAFLD. Material and methods A cross-sectional observational study was performed in a tertiary care hospital, to include all chronic kidney disease patients (n=238) through non-probability consecutive sampling. The criteria for inclusion were baseline estimated Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) below 60 ml/min/1.73m2 for at least three months and chronic renal parenchymal changes on ultrasound. Two study groups were identified based on ongoing hemodialysis, while two further study groups were identified based on radiological evidence of fatty liver disease. Results The mean age of the study population was 48.52 ± 9.44 years with no difference amongst hemodialysis status, females elder than males (p= 0.027), those with fatty liver were much younger (p=0.014), and the most common age group below 50 years (p=0.005) among the fatty liver group. Radiological evidence of NAFLD was found amongst two-third of the study group with the status of hemodialysis indifferent among the study population (p=0.436). The mean values amongst fatty liver versus non-fatty liver groups revealed high creatinine, alanine transaminase (ALT), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in the fatty liver group, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol (TC) were indifferent amongst the groups, while LDL/HDL ratio was higher in the non-fatty liver group. Conclusion A significantly higher HDL was found in fatty liver associated with CKD as compared to the non-fatty liver group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohaib Asghar
- Internal Medicine, Dow International Medical College, Dow University Hospital, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Maira Hassan
- Internal Medicine, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Uzma Rasheed
- Internal Medicine, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | | | - Noman A Khan
- General Surgery, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Faran Khalid
- Internal Medicine, Dow International Medical College, Dow University Hospital, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Ayesha Anum
- Internal Medicine, Dow International Medical College, Dow University Hospital, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Saira Anwar
- Internal Medicine, Dow International Medical College, Dow University Hospital, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Association of lipid profiles with severity and outcome of acute ischemic stroke in patients with and without chronic kidney disease. Neurol Sci 2020; 42:2371-2378. [PMID: 33048272 PMCID: PMC8159792 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04791-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Contribution of lipid profiles to stroke severity and outcome was inconclusive, whether chronic kidney disease (CKD) (estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) affects the association has not been investigated. We aim to evaluate this relationship. Methods A retrospective study of consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients was performed. We assessed the risk of severe stroke with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) ≥ 5 at admission and poor outcome with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ≥ 3 at discharge. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression models were adopted to study interaction and independent association of lipid components with stroke severity and outcome according to lipid level quartiles by CKD stratification. Results Among the 875 included patients (mean age 64.9 years, 67.8% males), 213 (24.3%) presented with CKD. Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was independently associated with severe stroke in patients with CKD (P for trend = 0.033) than in those without CKD (P for trend = 0.121). The association between the level of LDL-C and stroke severity was appreciably modified by CKD (Pinteraction = 0.013). Compared with without CKD patients in the lowest LDL-C quartile, the multivariable-adjusted risk of severe stroke increased significantly by 2.9-fold (95% CI 1.48–5.74) in patients with CKD in the highest LDL-C quartile. No significant association was observed between lipid components and early outcome in patients with and without CKD. Conclusion LDL-C levels are positively associated with stroke severity in only patients with CKD, with an interactive impact of LDL-C and CKD on ischemic stroke in the acute phase.
Collapse
|
40
|
Lin PH, Duann P. Dyslipidemia in Kidney Disorders: Perspectives on Mitochondria Homeostasis and Therapeutic Opportunities. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1050. [PMID: 33013450 PMCID: PMC7494972 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To excrete body nitrogen waste and regulate electrolyte and fluid balance, the kidney has developed into an energy factory with only second to the heart in mitochondrial content in the body to meet the high-energy demand and regulate homeostasis. Energy supply from the renal mitochondria majorly depends on lipid metabolism, with programed enzyme systems in fatty acid β-oxidation and Krebs cycle. Renal mitochondria integrate several metabolic pathways, including AMPK/PGC-1α, PPARs, and CD36 signaling to maintain energy homeostasis for dynamic and static requirements. The pathobiology of several kidney disorders, including diabetic nephropathy, acute and chronic kidney injuries, has been primarily linked to impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics. Such homeostatic disruption in turn stimulates a pathological adaptation, with mitochondrial enzyme system reprograming possibly leading to dyslipidemia. However, this alteration, while rescuing oncotic pressure deficit secondary to albuminuria and dissipating edematous disorder, also imposes an ominous lipotoxic consequence. Reprograming of lipid metabolism in kidney injury is essential to preserve the integrity of kidney mitochondria, thereby preventing massive collateral damage including excessive autophagy and chronic inflammation. Here, we review dyslipidemia in kidney disorders and the most recent advances on targeting mitochondrial energy metabolism as a therapeutic strategy to restrict renal lipotoxicity, achieve salutary anti-edematous effects, and restore mitochondrial homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hui Lin
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Pu Duann
- Research and Development, Salem Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Salem, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Cambray S, Ibarz M, Bermudez-Lopez M, Marti-Antonio M, Bozic M, Fernandez E, Valdivielso JM. Magnesium Levels Modify the Effect of Lipid Parameters on Carotid Intima Media Thickness. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092631. [PMID: 32872319 PMCID: PMC7551902 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical risk factors of atherosclerosis in the general population show paradoxical effects in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Thus, low low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels have been associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes. Magnesium (Mg) is a divalent cation whose homeostasis is altered in CKD. Furthermore, Mg levels have been associated with cardiovascular health. The present study aims to understand the relationships of Mg and lipid parameters with atherosclerosis in CKD. In this analysis, 1754 participants from the Observatorio Nacional de Atherosclerosis en Nefrologia (NEFRONA) cohort were included. Carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) was determined in six arterial territories, and associated factors were investigated by linear regression. cIMT correlated positively with being male, Caucasian, a smoker, diabetic, hypertensive, dyslipidemic and with increased age, BMI, and triglyceride levels, and negatively with levels of HDL cholesterol. First-order interactions in linear regression analysis showed that Mg was an effect modifier on the influence of lipidic parameters. Thus, cIMT predicted values were higher when triglycerides or LDL levels were high and Mg levels were low. On the contrary, when Mg levels were high, this effect disappeared. In conclusion, Mg acts as an effect modifier between lipidic parameters and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Therefore, Mg levels, together with lipidic parameters, should be taken into account when assessing atherosclerotic risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serafi Cambray
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Research Pifarré Foundation, IRBLleida Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.B.-L.); (M.M.-A.); (M.B.); (E.F.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (J.M.V.)
| | - Merce Ibarz
- Indicators and Specifications of the Quality in the Clinical Laboratory Group, Institute for Biomedical Research Pifarré Foundation, IRBLleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Marcelino Bermudez-Lopez
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Research Pifarré Foundation, IRBLleida Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.B.-L.); (M.M.-A.); (M.B.); (E.F.)
| | - Manuel Marti-Antonio
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Research Pifarré Foundation, IRBLleida Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.B.-L.); (M.M.-A.); (M.B.); (E.F.)
| | - Milica Bozic
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Research Pifarré Foundation, IRBLleida Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.B.-L.); (M.M.-A.); (M.B.); (E.F.)
| | - Elvira Fernandez
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Research Pifarré Foundation, IRBLleida Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.B.-L.); (M.M.-A.); (M.B.); (E.F.)
| | - Jose M. Valdivielso
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Research Pifarré Foundation, IRBLleida Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.B.-L.); (M.M.-A.); (M.B.); (E.F.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (J.M.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Podkowińska A, Formanowicz D. Chronic Kidney Disease as Oxidative Stress- and Inflammatory-Mediated Cardiovascular Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E752. [PMID: 32823917 PMCID: PMC7463588 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) is necessary for both physiology and pathology. An imbalance between endogenous oxidants and antioxidants causes oxidative stress, contributing to vascular dysfunction. The ROS-induced activation of transcription factors and proinflammatory genes increases inflammation. This phenomenon is of crucial importance in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), because atherosclerosis is one of the critical factors of their cardiovascular disease (CVD) and increased mortality. The effect of ROS disrupts the excretory function of each section of the nephron. It prevents the maintenance of intra-systemic homeostasis and leads to the accumulation of metabolic products. Renal regulatory mechanisms, such as tubular glomerular feedback, myogenic reflex in the supplying arteriole, and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, are also affected. It makes it impossible for the kidney to compensate for water-electrolyte and acid-base disturbances, which progress further in the mechanism of positive feedback, leading to a further intensification of oxidative stress. As a result, the progression of CKD is observed, with a spectrum of complications such as malnutrition, calcium phosphate abnormalities, atherosclerosis, and anemia. This review aimed to show the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in renal impairment, with a particular emphasis on its influence on the most common disturbances that accompany CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorota Formanowicz
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Correlation of host inflammatory cytokines and immune-related metabolites, but not viral NS1 protein, with disease severity of dengue virus infection. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237141. [PMID: 32764789 PMCID: PMC7413495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe dengue can be lethal caused by manifestations such as severe bleeding, fluid accumulation and organ impairment. This study aimed to investigate the role of dengue non-structural 1 (NS1) protein and host factors contributing to severe dengue. Electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing system was used to investigate the changes in barrier function of microvascular endothelial cells treated NS1 protein and serum samples from patients with different disease severity. Cytokines and metabolites profiles were assessed using a multiplex cytokine assay and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry respectively. The findings showed that NS1 was able to induce the loss of barrier function in microvascular endothelium in a dose dependent manner, however, the level of NS1 in serum samples did not correlate with the extent of vascular leakage induced. Further assessment of host factors revealed that cytokines such as CCL2, CCL5, CCL20 and CXCL1, as well as adhesion molecule ICAM-1, that are involved in leukocytes infiltration were expressed higher in dengue patients in comparison to healthy individuals. In addition, metabolomics study revealed the presence of deregulated metabolites involved in the phospholipid metabolism pathway in patients with severe manifestations. In conclusion, disease severity in dengue virus infection did not correlate directly with NS1 level, but instead with host factors that are involved in the regulation of junctional integrity and phospholipid metabolism. However, as the studied population was relatively small in this study, these exploratory findings should be confirmed by expanding the sample size using an independent cohort to further establish the significance of this study.
Collapse
|
44
|
Raikou VD, Kyriaki D, Gavriil S. Triglycerides to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio Predicts Chronic Renal Disease in Patients without Diabetes Mellitus (STELLA Study). J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7:jcdd7030028. [PMID: 32752179 PMCID: PMC7570173 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio has been included in the potential indices for atherosclerosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, we addressed the role of the TG/HDL-C ratio on CKD prediction defined by both classified estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and classified urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) in non-diabetic participants. METHODS One hundred and eighty-three subjects with a mean age 67.3 ± 15.6 years old were included. Our participants were classified in both eGFR and UACR categories according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes 2012 criteria. Estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) was calculated using an equation from age and mean blood pressure. The TG/HDL-C ratio was calculated. X2 tests and adjusted models were applied using confounders. RESULTS The TG/HDL-C ratio was inversely associated with eGFR and positively with both UACR and ePWV. We divided our patients in two groups according to the found ROC curve of the TG/HDL-C ratio cut-off point, either with an eGFR of less or more than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. X2 tests showed significant association between the high TG/HDL-C ratio and classified eGFR, and classified UACR and hypertension (x2 = 24.5, p = 0.001, x2 = 12.5, p = 0.002 and x2 = 12.6, p = 0.001, respectively). The adjusted model showed the high TG/HDL-C ratio to be an independent predictor for both a low eGFR and UACR (OR = 1.5, 1.2-1.9 and OR = 1.22, 1.02-1.47, respectively) in combination with old age and hypertension. CONCLUSION The TG/HDL-C ratio was revealed to be a potential predictor for both a low eGFR and micro/macroalbuminuria in non-diabetic patients. The arterial stiffening was included in the main underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaia D. Raikou
- . Department of Nephrology, Doctors’ Hospital, 26 Kefallinias, Athens 11257, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-21-0821-2000; Fax: +30-21-0821-8228
| | - Despina Kyriaki
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, General Hospital “LAΪKO”, Athens 11527, Greece;
| | - Sotiris Gavriil
- Department of of Bariatric Surgery, Doctors’ Hospital, 26 Kefallinias, Athens 11257, Greece;
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhao WB, Alberto DLPSM. Serum apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio is associated with the progression of diabetic kidney disease to renal replacement therapy. Int Urol Nephrol 2020; 52:1923-1928. [PMID: 32661625 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-020-02550-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 (ApoB/ApoA1) ratio has been shown to be associated with cardiovascular disease risk and the progression of chronic kidney disease. The association between the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio and the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is not well studied. METHODS Patients with DKD were divided into four groups (< 0.63, ≥ 0.63 and < 0.85, ≥ 0.85 and < 1.15, ≥ 1.15) according to their ApoB/ApoA1 ratio. The association of the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio and progression of DKD to renal replacement therapy (RRT) were determined using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. RESULTS The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the ≥ 1.15 group (log-rank = 15.771, P < 0.05) was significantly more likely to progress to RRT than the other three groups. Using univariate and multivariate regression analyses, we found that an ApoB/ApoA1 ratio of ≥ 1.15 was an independent predictor of DKD patients progressing to RRT. CONCLUSION An elevated ApoB/ApoA1 ratio of ≥ 1.15 was an independent predictor of DKD progression to RRT. A further study with a larger sample is needed to confirm the findings of the current study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bo Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Tianhe Road No.600, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease and infections are major causes for the high incidence of morbidity and mortality of patients with chronic kidney disease. Both complications are directly or indirectly associated with disturbed functions or altered apoptotic rates of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, and dendritic cells. Normal responses of immune cells can be reduced, leading to infectious diseases or pre-activated/primed, giving rise to inflammation and subsequently to cardiovascular disease. This review summarizes the impact of kidney dysfunction on the immune system. Renal failure results in disturbed renal metabolic activities with reduced renin, erythropoietin, and vitamin D production, which adversely affects the immune system. Decreased kidney function also leads to reduced glomerular filtration and the retention of uremic toxins. A large number of uremic toxins with detrimental effects on immune cells have been identified. Besides small water-soluble and protein-bound compounds originating from the intestinal microbiome, several molecules in the middle molecular range, e.g., immunoglobulin light chains, retinol-binding protein, the neuropeptides Met-enkephalin and neuropeptide Y, endothelin-1, and the adipokines leptin and resistin, adversely affect immune cells. Posttranslational modifications such as carbamoylation, advanced glycation products, and oxidative modifications contribute to uremic toxicity. Furthermore, high-density lipoprotein from uremic patients has an altered protein profile and thereby loses its anti-inflammatory properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Cohen
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kotur-Stevuljević J, Vekić J, Stefanović A, Zeljković A, Ninić A, Ivanišević J, Miljković M, Sopić M, Munjas J, Mihajlović M, Spasić S, Jelić-Ivanović Z, Spasojević-Kalimanovska V. Paraoxonase 1 and atherosclerosis-related diseases. Biofactors 2020; 46:193-205. [PMID: 31400246 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A direct and an indirect relationship between paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and atherosclerosis exists. Given PON1's physical location within high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles and its recognized enzyme activity, it is certainly reasonable to suggest that PON1 facilitates the antiatherogenic nature of HDL particles. PON1 also plays a role in regulating reverse cholesterol transport, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, vasodilative, and antithrombotic activities and several endothelial cell functions. HDL dysfunctionality is a more recent issue and seems to be centered on pathological conditions affecting HDL structure and size profiles. This review is focused on the role of PON1 status in different atherosclerosis-related diseases that we have studied over the last twenty years (coronary heart disease, acute ischemic stroke, diabetes mellitus type 2, end-stage renal disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and sarcoidosis) with the aim to determine the true value of PON1 as a biomarker. The role of PON1 in cancer is also covered, as risk factors and mechanisms underlying both atherosclerosis and cancer share common features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Kotur-Stevuljević
- Department for Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Vekić
- Department for Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Stefanović
- Department for Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Zeljković
- Department for Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Ninić
- Department for Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Ivanišević
- Department for Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Miljković
- Department for Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miron Sopić
- Department for Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Munjas
- Department for Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Mihajlović
- Department for Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavica Spasić
- Department for Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorana Jelić-Ivanović
- Department for Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
The Role and Function of HDL in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020601. [PMID: 31963445 PMCID: PMC7014265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide health problem with steadily increasing occurrence. Significantly elevated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality have been observed in CKD. Cardiovascular diseases are the most important and frequent cause of death of CKD patients globally. The presence of CKD is related to disturbances in lipoprotein metabolism whose consequences are dyslipidemia and the accumulation of atherogenic particles. CKD not only fuels the reduction of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration, but also it modifies the composition of this lipoprotein. The key role of HDL is the participation in reverse cholesterol transport from peripheral tissues to the liver. Moreover, HDL prevents the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protects against the adverse effects of oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) on the endothelium. Numerous studies have demonstrated the ability of HDL to promote the production of nitric oxide (NO) by endothelial cells (ECs) and to exert antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. Increasing evidence suggests that in patients with chronic inflammatory disorders, HDLs may lose important antiatherosclerotic properties and become dysfunctional. So far, no therapeutic strategy to raise HDL, or alter the ratio of HDL subfractions, has been successful in slowing the progression of CKD or reducing cardiovascular disease in patients either with or without CKD.
Collapse
|
49
|
Yao J, Jiang L, Xue D, Sun Y. Predictive value of procalcitonin in chronic allograft dysfunction in kidney transplant recipients. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:4603-4608. [PMID: 31777558 PMCID: PMC6862587 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to determine the potential role of circulating procalcitonin (PCT) in predicting chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD) in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). A total of 87 KTRs were retrospectively analyzed and divided into a CAD and a non-CAD (normal renal function) group. Clinical features and inflammatory markers were compared between the groups, including PCT, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, neutrophil percentage (N%) and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for CAD prediction was plotted. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the relevant risk factors for CAD. The results indicated that i) the values of these indicators in the CAD group, including the male ratio, years after transplantation, PCT, N% and Lp(a), were significantly higher than those in the non-CAD group, while the body mass index, aspartate aminotransferase, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein were significantly lower; ii) PCT and Lp(a) were able to predict CAD with an area under the ROC curve of 0.893 and 0.770, respectively; iii) multivariate logistic regression analysis of factors influencing CAD in KTRs suggested that elevated PCT was an independent risk factor. In KTRs, PCT was identified as a potential biomarker for predicting CAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yao
- Blood Purification Centre, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Dong Xue
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Yanbei Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Florens N, Calzada C, Delolme F, Page A, Guebre Egziabher F, Juillard L, Soulage CO. Proteomic Characterization of High-Density Lipoprotein Particles from Non-Diabetic Hemodialysis Patients. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11110671. [PMID: 31731787 PMCID: PMC6891510 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11110671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk, and altered biological properties of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) may play a role in these events. This study aimed to describe the HDL proteome from non-diabetic hemodialysis patients and identify potential pathways affected by the dysregulated expression of HDL proteins. HDL were sampled from nine non-diabetic hemodialysis (HD) and eight control patients. Samples were analyzed using a nano-RSLC coupled with a Q-Orbitrap. Data were processed by database searching using SequestHT against a human Swissprot database and quantified with a label-free quantification approach. Proteins that were in at least five of the eight control and six of the nine HD patients were analyzed. Analysis was based on pairwise ratios and the ANOVA hypothesis test. Among 522 potential proteins, 326 proteins were identified to be in the HDL proteome from HD and control patients, among which 10 were significantly upregulated and nine downregulated in HD patients compared to the control patients (p < 0.05). Up and downregulated proteins were involved in lipid metabolism, hemostasis, wound healing, oxidative stress, and apoptosis pathways. This difference in composition could partly explain HDL dysfunction in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) population and participate in the higher cardiovascular risk observed in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nans Florens
- Univ. Lyon, CarMeN, INSERM U1060, INSA de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRA U1397, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France; (C.C.); (F.G.E.); (L.J.)
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Néphrologie-Hypertension-Hémodialyse, Hôpital E. Herriot, F-69003 Lyon, France
- Correspondence: (N.F.); (C.O.S.)
| | - Catherine Calzada
- Univ. Lyon, CarMeN, INSERM U1060, INSA de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRA U1397, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France; (C.C.); (F.G.E.); (L.J.)
| | - Frédéric Delolme
- Protein Science Facility, SFR BioSciences CNRS UMS3444, Inserm US8, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; (F.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Adeline Page
- Protein Science Facility, SFR BioSciences CNRS UMS3444, Inserm US8, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; (F.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Fitsum Guebre Egziabher
- Univ. Lyon, CarMeN, INSERM U1060, INSA de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRA U1397, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France; (C.C.); (F.G.E.); (L.J.)
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Néphrologie-Hypertension-Hémodialyse, Hôpital E. Herriot, F-69003 Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Juillard
- Univ. Lyon, CarMeN, INSERM U1060, INSA de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRA U1397, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France; (C.C.); (F.G.E.); (L.J.)
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Néphrologie-Hypertension-Hémodialyse, Hôpital E. Herriot, F-69003 Lyon, France
| | - Christophe O. Soulage
- Univ. Lyon, CarMeN, INSERM U1060, INSA de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INRA U1397, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France; (C.C.); (F.G.E.); (L.J.)
- Correspondence: (N.F.); (C.O.S.)
| |
Collapse
|