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Atallah E, Trehiou S, Alquier-Bacquie V, Lasserre F, Arroyo J, Molette C, Remignon H. Development of hepatic steatosis in male and female mule ducks after respective force-feeding programs. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1392968. [PMID: 38974520 PMCID: PMC11224645 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1392968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Male and female mule ducks were subjected to a force-feeding diet to induce liver steatosis as it is generally done only with male ducks for the production of foie gras. The different biochemical measurements indicated that the course of hepatic steatosis development was present in both sexes and associated with a huge increase in liver weight mainly due to the synthesis and accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes. In livers of male and female ducks, this lipid accumulation was associated with oxidative stress and hypoxia. However, certain specific modifications (kinetics of lipid droplet development and hepatic inflammation) indicate that female ducks may tolerate force-feeding less well, at least at the hepatic level. This is in contradiction with what is generally reported concerning hepatic steatosis induced by dietary disturbances in mammals but could be explained by the very specific conditions imposed by force-feeding. Despite this, force-feeding female ducks seems entirely feasible, provided that the final quality of the product is as good as that of the male ducks, which will remain to be demonstrated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Atallah
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Sabrina Trehiou
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Valérie Alquier-Bacquie
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Lasserre
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Hervé Remignon
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- INP-ENSAT, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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2
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Fu Y, Wang Q, Guo Y, Koci M, Lu Z, Zeng X, Wang Y, Tang Y, Ma Q, Ji C, Zhao L. Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharides alleviate aflatoxin B 1-induced liver inflammation in ducks involving in remodeling gut microbiota and regulating SCFAs transport via the gut-liver axis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132371. [PMID: 38750861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most widespread contaminants in agricultural commodities. Pleurotus eryngii (PE) is widely used as a feed additive for its anti-inflammatory properties, and its major active substance is believed to be polysaccharides. This study aims to explore the underlying mechanism of dietary PE polysaccharides alleviating AFB1-induced toxicity in ducks. The major monosaccharide components of PE polysaccharides were identified as glucose, mannose, galactose, glucuronic acid, and fucose. The results showed that dietary PE polysaccharides could alleviate liver inflammation, alleviate intestinal barrier dysfunction, and change the imbalanced gut microbiota induced by AFB1 in ducks. However, PE polysaccharides failed to exert protective roles on the liver and intestine injury induced by AFB1 in antibiotic-treated ducks. The PE + AFB1-originated microbiota showed a positive effect on intestinal barrier and inflammation, the SCFAs transport via the gut-liver axis, and liver inflammation compared with the AFB1-originated microbiota in ducks. These findings provided a possible mechanism that PE polysaccharides alleviated AFB1-induced liver inflammation in ducks by remodeling gut microbiota, regulating microbiota-derived SCFAs transport via the gut-liver axis, and inhibiting inflammatory gene expressions in the liver, which may provide new insight for therapeutic methods against AFB1 exposure in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2. West Road Yuanming yuan, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2. West Road Yuanming yuan, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yongpeng Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Matthew Koci
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Zhengda Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2. West Road Yuanming yuan, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiangfang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2. West Road Yuanming yuan, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2. West Road Yuanming yuan, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2. West Road Yuanming yuan, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Qiugang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2. West Road Yuanming yuan, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Cheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2. West Road Yuanming yuan, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2. West Road Yuanming yuan, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Cui Y, Wang Q, Shi Y, Dai Y, Liu Y. mtROS-mediated mitophagy is involved in aflatoxin-B 1 induced liver injury in ducks. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 283:109942. [PMID: 38810896 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is highly toxic to the liver and can cause excessive production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) in hepatocytes, leading to oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even liver cancer. The overproduction of mtROS can induce mitophagy, but whether mtROS and mitophagy are involved in the liver injury induced by AFB1 in ducks remains unclear. In this study, we first demonstrated that overproduction of mtROS and mitophagy occurred during liver injury induced by AFB1 exposure in ducks. Then, by inhibiting mtROS and mitophagy, we found that the damage caused by AFB1 in ducks was significantly alleviated, and the overproduction of mtROS induced by AFB1 exposure could mediate the occurrence of mitophagy. These results suggested that mtROS-mediated mitophagy is involved in AFB1-induced duck liver injury, and they may be the prevention and treatment targets of AFB1 hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yun Shi
- Tongliao City Animal Quarantine Technical Service Center, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Yang Dai
- Tongliao Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Yanfen Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Liaoning Agricultural Vocational and Technical College, Yingkou 115009, China.
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Jia R, Tian S, Yang Z, Lu S, Wang L, Zhang G. The mitigative role of novel aflatoxin-degrading enzymes in diverse broiler performance indicators and gut microbiota following the consumption of diets contaminated with aflatoxins. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 38738519 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to explore both the toxic effects of aflatoxins (AFs) and the protective effects of degrading enzymes (DE) on broilers exposed to AFs. RESULTS The findings reveal that a diet contaminated with 69.15 μg kg-1 of aflatoxin B1 had significant adverse effects on broilers. Specifically, it led to a reduction in average daily gain, dressed yield percentage, half-eviscerated yield with giblet yield percentage, eviscerated yield percentage, as well as serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase activity and liver SOD activity (P < 0.05). Conversely, the diet increased the feed conversion ratio, liver index, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase levels and malondialdehyde levels in both serum and liver (P < 0.05). Additionally, AFs disrupted the intestinal microflora significantly (P < 0.05), altering the relative abundance of Enterococcus, Lactobacillus and Escherichia in broiler jejunum. The addition of DE to AF-contaminated feed mitigated these negative effects and reduced the residues of aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2 and aflatoxin M1 in the liver and duodenum (P < 0.05). We also observed that broilers fed the diet pelleted at 80 °C exhibited improved dressing percentage and water holding capacity compared to those on the 75 °C diet. CONCLUSION In summary, DE serves as an effective feed additive for mitigating AF contamination in poultry production. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Jia
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Senmiao Tian
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhaofeng Yang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Simeng Lu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lan Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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Sun H, He Z, Xiong D, Long M. Mechanisms by which microbial enzymes degrade four mycotoxins and application in animal production: A review. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 15:256-274. [PMID: 38033608 PMCID: PMC10685049 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic compounds that pose a serious threat to animal health and food safety. Therefore, there is an urgent need for safe and efficient methods of detoxifying mycotoxins. As biotechnology has continued to develop, methods involving biological enzymes have shown great promise. Biological enzymatic methods, which can fundamentally destroy the structures of mycotoxins and produce degradation products whose toxicity is greatly reduced, are generally more specific, efficient, and environmentally friendly. Mycotoxin-degrading enzymes can thus facilitate the safe and effective detoxification of mycotoxins which gives them a huge advantage over other methods. This article summarizes the newly discovered degrading enzymes that can degrade four common mycotoxins (aflatoxins, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and ochratoxin A) in the past five years, and reveals the degradation mechanism of degrading enzymes on four mycotoxins, as well as their positive effects on animal production. This review will provide a theoretical basis for the safe treatment of mycotoxins by using biological enzyme technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Ziqi He
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Dongwei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Miao Long
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
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Elnesr SS, Abdel-Razik AH, Abdelsalam AM, Nabil TM, Elwan HAM. Effect of probiotics and humate substances on blood parameters, intestinal development and immune organs of growing quail. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3647-3657. [PMID: 36914984 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2188054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate impacts of dietary probiotics (Bacillus subtilis PB6) and humate substances (HS) supplementation on histomorphometry of small intestine and immune organs, blood parameters of growing quail. A total of 216 unsexed quails (seven days old) were randomly distributed to six groups. The 1st group did not receive any supplements (control), 2nd group received B. subtilis (CloSTAT: 0.5 g/kg diet), 3rd and 4th groups received HS (4 and 8 g/kg diet, respectively), 5th and 6th groups received CloSTAT + 4g HS and CloSTAT + 8g HS, respectively. Results showed that the inclusion of B. subtilis alone in quail diets significantly improved histomorphometry indices of intestine and immune organs compared to the control. Dietary supplementation of HS alone led to deteriorating histomorphometry indices of intestinal segments and immune organs compared to the control. CloSTAT, HS or both improved lipid profile and antioxidant parameters. Serum mineral levels did not differ significantly among groups except for Ca levels. In conclusion, dietary probiotics supplementation enhanced histomorphometry of intestine and immune organs and improved serum Ca, lipid profile and antioxidant indices. Moreover, the addition of HS (4 or 8 g/kg diet) improved lipid profile and antioxidant indices, but led to undesirable results in intestinal development and immune organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaaban S Elnesr
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - A H Abdel-Razik
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Adel M Abdelsalam
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Taghreed M Nabil
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hamada A M Elwan
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minya, Egypt
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7
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Abd El-Hack ME, Kamal M, Altaie HAA, Youssef IM, Algarni EH, Almohmadi NH, Abukhalil MH, Khafaga AF, Alqhtani AH, Swelum AA. Peppermint essential oil and its nano-emulsion: Potential against aflatoxigenic fungus Aspergillus flavus in food and feed. Toxicon 2023; 234:107309. [PMID: 37802220 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
A facultative parasite called Aspergillus flavus contaminates several important food crops before and after harvest. In addition, the pathogen that causes aspergillosis infections in humans and animals is opportunistic. Aflatoxin, a secondary metabolite produced by Aspergillus flavus, is also carcinogenic and mutagenic, endangering human and animal health and affecting global food security. Peppermint essential oils and plant-derived natural products have recently shown promise in combating A. flavus infestations and aflatoxin contamination. This review discusses the antifungal and anti-aflatoxigenic properties of peppermint essential oils. It then discusses how peppermint essential oils affect the growth of A. flavus and the biosynthesis of aflatoxins. Several cause physical, chemical, or biochemical changes to the cell wall, cell membrane, mitochondria, and associated metabolic enzymes and genes. Finally, the prospects for using peppermint essential oils and natural plant-derived chemicals to develop novel antifungal agents and protect foods are highlighted. In addition to reducing the risk of aspergillosis infection, this review highlights the significant potential of plant-derived natural products and peppermint essential oils to protect food and feed from aflatoxin contamination and A. flavus infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud Kamal
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Hayman A A Altaie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, College of Medical Technology, Al-kitab University, Kirkuk 36001, Iraq
| | - Islam M Youssef
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Eman H Algarni
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 18 Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najlaa H Almohmadi
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad H Abukhalil
- Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an 71111, Jordan; Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an 71111, Jordan
| | - Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt
| | - Abdulmohsen H Alqhtani
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang J, Fang Y, Fu Y, Jalukar S, Ma J, Liu Y, Guo Y, Ma Q, Ji C, Zhao L. Yeast polysaccharide mitigated oxidative injury in broilers induced by mixed mycotoxins via regulating intestinal mucosal oxidative stress and hepatic metabolic enzymes. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102862. [PMID: 37419049 PMCID: PMC10466245 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the effects of yeast polysaccharides (YPS) on growth performance, intestinal health, and aflatoxin metabolism in livers of broilers fed diets naturally contaminated with mixed mycotoxins (MYCO). A total of 480 one-day-old Arbor Acre male broilers were randomly allocated into a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments (8 replicates with 10 birds per replicate) for 6 wk to assess the effects of 3 levels of YPS (0, 1, or 2 g/kg) on the broilers fed diets contaminated with or without MYCO (95 μg/kg aflatoxin B1, 1.5 mg/kg deoxynivalenol, and 490 μg/kg zearalenone). Results showed that mycotoxins contaminated diets led to significant increments in serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels, mRNA expressions of TLR4 and 4EBP1 associated with oxidative stress, mRNA expressions of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, and CYP3A4 associated with hepatic phase Ⅰ metabolizing enzymes, mRNA expressions of p53 associated with hepatic mitochondrial apoptosis, and AFB1 residues in the liver (P < 0.05); meanwhile dietary MYCO decreased the jejunal villus height (VH), villus height/crypt depth (VH/CD), the activity of serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), mRNA expressions of jejunal HIF-1α, HMOX, and XDH associated with oxidative stress, mRNA expressions of jejunal CLDN1, ZO1, and ZO2, and mRNA expression of GST associated with hepatic phase Ⅱ metabolizing enzymes of broilers (P < 0.05). Notably, the adverse effects induced by MYCO on broilers were mitigated by supplementation with YPS. Dietary YPS supplementation reduced the concentrations of serum MDA and 8-OHdG, jejunal CD, mRNA expression of jejunal TLR2, and 4EBP1, hepatic CYP1A2, and p53, and the AFB1 residues in the liver (P < 0.05), and elevated the serum T-AOC and SOD, jejunal VH, and VH/CD, and mRNA expression of jejunal XDH, hepatic GST of broilers (P < 0.05). There were significant interactions between MYCO and YPS levels on the growth performance (BW, ADFI, ADG, and F/G) at d 1 to 21, d 22 to 42, and d 1 to 42, serum GSH-Px activity, and mRNA expression of jejunal CLDN2 and hepatic ras of broilers (P < 0.05). In contrast with MYCO group, the addition of YPS increased BW, ADFI, and ADG, the serum GSH-Px activity (14.31%-46.92%), mRNA levels of jejunal CLDN2 (94.39%-103.02%), decreased F/G, and mRNA levels of hepatic ras (57.83%-63.62%) of broilers (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplements with YPS protected broilers from mixed mycotoxins toxicities meanwhile keeping normal performance of broilers, presumably via reducing intestinal oxidative stress, protecting intestinal structural integrity, and improving hepatic metabolic enzymes to minimize the AFB1 residue in the liver and enhance the performance of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Poultry Nutrition and Feed Technology Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Poultry Nutrition and Feed Technology Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yutong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Poultry Nutrition and Feed Technology Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sangita Jalukar
- Arm and Hammer Animal and Food Production, Mason City, IA 50401, USA
| | - Jinglin Ma
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - Yanrong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Poultry Nutrition and Feed Technology Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongpeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Poultry Nutrition and Feed Technology Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Qiugang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Poultry Nutrition and Feed Technology Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Poultry Nutrition and Feed Technology Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Poultry Nutrition and Feed Technology Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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9
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Rehemujiang H, Yusuf HA, Ma T, Diao Q, Kong L, Kang L, Tu Y. Fermented cottonseed and rapeseed meals outperform soybean meal in improving performance, rumen fermentation, and bacterial composition in Hu sheep. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1119887. [PMID: 37007511 PMCID: PMC10060860 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1119887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThis study examined the effects of substituting cottonseed meal (CSM) or rapeseed meal (RSM) for soybean meal (SBM) on Hu sheep performance, rumen fermentation, and bacterial composition. 51 four-month-old indigenous male Hu sheep with starting body weights of 22.51 ± 2.84 kg and similar origins were randomly assigned to three treatments; (1) non-fermented total mixed ration (TMR) with SBM (CK), (2) fermented TMR containing CSM (F-CSM group), and (3) fermented TMR containing RSM (F-RSM group).ResultsThe three groups’ intake of dry matter differed significantly (p < 0.05). In terms of average daily gain, the F-RSM group outperformed the CK and F-CSM groups (p < 0.05). The pH of the rumen was substantially lower in the CK group than in the F-CSM and F-RSM groups (p < 0.05), and the F-CSM group had greater amounts of volatile fatty acids (VFA) than the F-RSM and CK groups. In comparison to the CK group, the microbial crude protein yield was significantly higher in the F-CSM and F-RSM groups (p < 0.05). The F-CSM group significantly outperformed the F-RSM group of pepsin and cellulose enzyme activity (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was greater in the CK and F-RSM groups compared to the F-CSM group (p < 0.05). In comparison to the other groups, Firmicutes were less abundant in the CK group (p < 0.05). Prevotella was present in a higher relative abundance in the F-CSM and F-RSM groups than in the CK group (p < 0.05). Prevotella was greater in relative abundance in the F-CSM and F-RSM groups than in the CK group (p < 0.05). The relative abundances of Veillonellaceae_UCG-001 and Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014 correlated with rumen butyric acid content and NH3-N content (p < 0.05). Gene function prediction revealed that replacing SBM with F-CSM or F-RSM in the diet of Hu sheep can promote glycan biosynthesis and metabolism.ConclusionThe replacement of F-CSM and F-RSM for SBM has an influence on the richness and diversity of rumen bacteria at the phylum and genus levels. Replacement of SBM with F-CSM increased VFA yield and further promoted the performance of Hu sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halidai Rehemujiang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hassan Ali Yusuf
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, Somali National University, Mogadishu, Somalia
| | - Tao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - QiYu Diao
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luxin Kong
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Kang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Tu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Tu,
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Wang Y, Ke W, Lu Q, Zhang G. Effects of Bacillus coagulans and Lactobacillus plantarum on the Fermentation Characteristics, Microbial Community, and Functional Shifts during Alfalfa Silage Fermentation. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050932. [PMID: 36899789 PMCID: PMC10000087 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the potential of Bacillus coagulans (BC) as an inoculant in alfalfa silage fermentation. Fresh alfalfa was harvested at a dry matter (DM) content of 329.60 g/kg fresh weight (FW), and inoculated without (CON) or with BC (1 × 106 CFU/g FW), Lactobacillus plantarum (LP, 1 × 106 CFU/g FW), and their combinations (LP+BC, 1 × 106 CFU/g FW, respectively). Samples were taken at 3, 7, 14, 30, and 60 d, with three replicates for each. The prolonged ensiling period resulted in a decrease in pH values and an increase in lactic acid (LA) concentrations in alfalfa silages. After 60 d of fermentation, the application of BC and LP decreased the pH values and increased LA concentrations in treated silages, especially when their combination was applied. Application of BC preserved more water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), and further application of BC increased WSC in LP+BC-treated silage compared to LP-treated silage. There was no significant difference in the crude protein (CP) content between the CON and treated silages, however, the BC and LP treatments reduced the ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration, especially when their combination was applied. Additionally, the BC and LP-treated silages had lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) when compared to the CON silage (p < 0.001). Inoculants also increased Lactobacillus abundance and decreased Enterococcus abundance after 60 d of fermentation. Spearman's rank correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between LA concentration and Lactobacillus abundance. It was noteworthy that LP, BC, and their combination increased the relative abundances of carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, cofactors, and vitamin metabolism, decreasing the relative abundances of amino acid metabolism and drug resistance: antimicrobial. Therefore, the inclusion of BC increased the fermentation quality of alfalfa silage, with the optimal combination being LP+BC. According to the findings, BC could be considered a viable bioresource for improving fermentation quality.
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11
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Remignon H, Burgues P. Evolution of oxidative stress markers in livers of ducks during force-feeding. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1046. [PMID: 36658173 PMCID: PMC9852233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27271-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mule ducks have been force-fed to develop a hepatic steatosis, also called "foie gras", which is similar to the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) described in humans and mammals. However, in hepatic steatosis resulting from force-feeding of ducks, very little is known about the fine biochemical events that occur due to the enormous and very rapid increase in total lipids that mainly accumulate in hepatocytes. To begin to reduce this lack of knowledge associated with the development of this specific hepatic steatosis, liver samples were taken at different times to follow the overall biochemical transformation of the liver as well as different markers of oxidative stress, hypoxia and apoptosis. The results indicate that the lipid content increases rapidly in the liver throughout the force-feeding period while the protein content decreases. The amount of hydroxyproline remains constant indicating that no liver fibrosis develops during the force-feeding period. On the contrary, all the tested biomarkers of cellular oxidative stress increase rapidly but without any visible disorder in the coordination of paired activities. At the same time, hypoxia-inducible factors also increase indicating that a hypoxia situation is gradually occurring in hepatocytes. This leads, in addition to the lipotoxicity induced by the accumulation of lipids, to an increased number of liver cells to enter into apoptosis. A relative variability in the level of these cellular responses was also observed indicating that, probably, certain animals support the development of this steatosis differently. This leads us to imagine that the physiological status of these birds may differ widely for reasons that remain to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herve Remignon
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, 31300, Toulouse, France. .,INP-ENSAT, Université de Toulouse, 31320, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Pierre Burgues
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, 31300, Toulouse, France
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12
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Yin H, Zhao M, Pan G, Zhang H, Yang R, Sun J, Yu Z, Bai C, Xue Y. Effects of Bacillus subtilis or Lentilactobacillus buchneri on aerobic stability, and the microbial community in aerobic exposure of whole plant corn silage. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1177031. [PMID: 37138619 PMCID: PMC10149863 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1177031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Bacillus subtilis or Lentilactobacillus buchneri on the fermentation quality, aerobic stability, and bacterial and fungal communities of whole plant corn silage during aerobic exposure. Whole plant corn was harvested at the wax maturity stage, which chopped to a length of approximately 1 cm, and treated with the following: distilled sterile water control, 2.0 × 105 CFU/g of Lentilactobacillus buchneri (LB) or 2.0 × 105 CFU/g of Bacillus subtilis (BS) for 42 days silage. Then, the samples were exposed to air (23-28°C) after opening and sampled at 0, 18 and 60 h, to investigate fermentation quality, bacterial and fungal communities, and aerobic stability. Inoculation with LB or BS increased the pH value, acetic acid, and ammonia nitrogen content of silage (P < 0.05), but it was still far below the threshold of inferior silage, the yield of ethanol was reduced (P < 0.05), and satisfactory fermentation quality was achieved. With the extension of the aerobic exposure time, inoculation with LB or BS prolonged the aerobic stabilization time of silage, attenuated the trend of pH increase during aerobic exposure, and increased the residues of lactic acid and acetic acid. The bacterial and fungal alpha diversity indices gradually declined, and the relative abundance of Basidiomycota and Kazachstania gradually increased. The relative abundance of Weissella and unclassified_f_Enterobacteria was higher and the relative abundance of Kazachstania was lower after inoculation with BS compared to the CK group. According to the correlation analysis, Bacillus and Kazachstania are bacteria and fungi that are more closely related to aerobic spoilage and inoculation with LB or BS could inhibit spoilage. The FUNGuild predictive analysis indicated that the higher relative abundance of fungal parasite-undefined saprotroph in the LB or BS groups at AS2, may account for its good aerobic stability. In conclusion, silage inoculated with LB or BS had better fermentation quality and improved aerobic stability by effectively inhibiting the microorganisms that induce aerobic spoilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yin
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meirong Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gang Pan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Yang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Juanjuan Sun
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhu Yu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunsheng Bai
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Chunsheng Bai,
| | - Yanlin Xue
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Microbial Resources in Silage, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Microbial Ecology of Silage, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Hohhot, China
- Yanlin Xue,
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13
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Zoghi A, Todorov SD, Khosravi-Darani K. Potential application of probiotics in mycotoxicosis reduction in mammals and poultry. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 52:731-741. [PMID: 36757083 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2023.2168176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins in feedstuffs are considered as a principal worry by food safety authorities worldwide because most of them can be transferred from the feed to food commodities of animal origin, and further consumed by humans. Therefore, effective alternatives for the reduction of the impact of mycotoxins need to be applied in the feed production industry. Applications of beneficial microorganisms (probiotics) can be alternative and applied as feed additives in order to reduce or eliminate the toxic effects of mycotoxins on animals. The aim of this article is to provide information on the role of beneficial microorganisms (probiotics) and point out their role in the reduction of the effect of mycotoxin toxicity in farming animals (mammals and poultry). The objective was to provide a summary of the existing knowledge based on the application of different strains belonging to the group of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or yeasts that are already or can be future employed in the feed industry, in order to reduce mycotoxicosis presence in mammals and poultry exposed to mycotoxin-contaminated feed. Moreover, an overview of mycotoxins toxicity in mammals and poultry will be presented, and furthermore, the role of the beneficial microorganisms (including probiotics) in the reduction of mycotoxins toxicity (aflatoxicosis, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, and fumonisin toxicities) will be described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaleh Zoghi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov
- Department of Advanced Convergence, ProBacLab, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kianoush Khosravi-Darani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Variation of Microbial Community and Fermentation Quality in Corn Silage Treated with Lactic Acid Bacteria and Artemisia argyi during Aerobic Exposure. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14050349. [PMID: 35622595 PMCID: PMC9145673 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14050349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Silage, especially whole crop corn silage (WCCS), is an important part of ruminant diets, with its high moisture content and rich nutrient content, which can easily cause contamination by mold and their toxins, posing a great threat to ruminant production, food safety and human health. The objective of this study was to examine effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) Lactiplantibacillus (L.) plantarum subsp. plantarum ZA3 and Artemisia argyi (AA) on the fermentation characteristics, microbial community and mycotoxin of WCCS during 60 days (d) ensiling and subsequent 7 d aerobic exposure. The results showed that WCCS treated with LAB and AA both had lower pH value and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) contents, and higher lactic and acetic acids concentration compared with other groups after 60 d ensiling. In addition, for microbial communities, Acetobacter and Enterobacter were inhibited in all AA group, while higher abundance of Lactobacilli was maintained; besides, Candida, Pichia and Kazachstania abundances were decreased in both 6% and 12% AA groups. The content of five kinds of mycotoxins were all significantly lower after 7 d of aerobic exposure. As for the total flavonoid (TF), which is significantly higher in all AA treated groups, it was positively correlated with Paenibacillus, Weissella and Lactobacilli, and negatively with Acetobacter, Enterobacteria, Kazachstania and Pichia.
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15
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Bai J, Franco M, Ding Z, Hao L, Ke W, Wang M, Xie D, Li Z, Zhang Y, Ai L, Guo X. Effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis on fermentation, dynamics of bacterial community and their functional shifts of whole-plant corn silage. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:7. [PMID: 34991716 PMCID: PMC8739699 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00649-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BA) and Bacillus subtilis (BS) are usually used as feed supplements directly or bacterial inoculants in biological feeds for animals. However, few research have reported the effects of BA and BS on fermentation characteristics and bacterial community successions of whole-plant corn silage during ensiling. If the BA and BS inoculants have positive effects on silages, then they could not only improve fermentation characteristics, but also deliver BA or BS viable cells to ruminants, which would play its probiotic effect. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of BA and BS on the fermentation, chemical characteristics, bacterial community and their metabolic pathway of whole-plant corn silage. Results Freshly chopped whole-plant corn was inoculated without or with BA and BS, respectively, and ensiled for 1, 3, 7, 14 and 60 d. Results showed that BA and BS inoculations increased lactic acid concentrations of whole-plant corn silages compared with control, and BA inoculation decreased acetic acid concentrations, whereas BS inoculation decreased fiber contents and increased crude protein (CP) content. Higher water-soluble carbohydrate contents and lower starch contents were observed in BA- and BS-inoculated silages compared with that in control. The decreased CP content and increased non-protein nitrogen content were observed in BA-inoculated silage, which was consistent with the higher amino acid metabolism abundances observed in BA-inoculated silage. In addition, it was noteworthy that BA and BS inoculations increased the metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, and decreased the relative abundances of drug resistance: antimicrobial pathways. We also found that the bacterial metabolism pathways were clearly separated into three clusters based on the ensiling times of whole-plant corn silage in the present study. There were no significant differences in bacterial community compositions among the three groups during ensiling. However, BA and BS inoculations decreased the relative abundances of undesirable bacteria such as Acetobacter and Acinetobacter. Conclusion Our findings suggested that the BS strain was more suitable as silage inoculants than the BA strain in whole-plant corn silage in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Marcia Franco
- Production systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600, Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Zitong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lin Hao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Wencan Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Musen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Dongmei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ziqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lin Ai
- China Animal Agriculture Association, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xusheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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16
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Guo Y, Huo X, Zhao L, Ma Q, Zhang J, Ji C, Zhao L. Protective Effects of Bacillus subtilis ANSB060, Bacillus subtilis ANSB01G, and Devosia sp. ANSB714-Based Mycotoxin Biodegradation Agent on Mice Fed with Naturally moldy Diets. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:994-1001. [PMID: 31721071 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09606-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by toxigenic fungi that commonly contaminate agricultural crops. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate whether Bacillus subtilis ANSB060, Bacillus subtilis ANSB01G, and Devosia sp. ANSB714-based mycotoxin biodegradation agent (MBA) could alleviate the negative effects of naturally moldy diet containing aflatoxin (AF), zearalenone (ZEN), and deoxynivalenol (DON) on growth performance, serum immune function, and antioxidant capacity as well as tissue residues in mice. A total of 54 mice were randomly divided into three dietary treatments: basal diet (CON), multi-mycotoxins contaminated diet (MCD) containing AF, ZEN and DON and multi-mycotoxins contaminated diet plus MBA at a dose of 1.0 g kg-1 feed (MCD + MBA). Mice fed with moldy diet showed a significant decrease in body weight gain (p < 0.05), whereas the relative weight of the liver, spleen and uterus were remarkably increased (p < 0.05). Serum IgA and IgM contents were significantly decreased in MCD treatment compared with that in CON treatment (p < 0.05). In contrast, serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations were significantly promoted in mice fed with moldy diet (p < 0.05). Besides, the exposure to mycotoxins caused marked down-regulation of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in mice (p < 0.05). The addition of MBA effectively counteracted these toxic effects of moldy diet on mice. And DON residues in kidneys of mice consuming moldy diet were eliminated by the supplementation with MBA. Taken together, Bacillus subtilis ANSB060, Bacillus subtilis ANSB01G, and Devosia sp. ANSB714-based mycotoxin biodegradation agent has great potential use as a microbial additive to counteract mycotoxins contamination in food and feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpeng Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueting Huo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiugang Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Li X, Lv Z, Chen J, Nepovimova E, Long M, Wu W, Kuca K. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B10 can alleviate liver apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by aflatoxin B1. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 151:112124. [PMID: 33727180 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a mycotoxin often found in food and livestock feed. It can affect human and animal health and is especially damaging to the liver. This study aims to evaluate whether Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (hereafter referred to as B. amyloliquefaciens) B10 can alleviate the toxic effects of AFB1 and, if so, what mechanism is responsible for its action. Specific pathogen-free (SPF) Kunming mice (5-6 weeks old) were divided into four groups (Control, AFB1, B10 strain, and AFB1 + B10 strain) and conducted continuously via gavage for 28 days. Oxidation indices (MDA, T-AOC, SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT) were then measured using their liver tissues and liver coefficient were calculated. Apoptosis was determined using the TUNEL method. Gene expression was determined for Bax, Bcl-2, BIP, CHOP, JNK, Caspase-12, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3, and protein expression was detected for Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3. Our results showed that AFB1 induced the oxidative damage and apoptosis in the livers of mice. However, for mice given B. amyloliquefaciens B10, the biochemical indices, pathological changes, the expressions of genes and proteins related to oxidative stress and apoptosis were significantly reversed. The results indicate that B. amyloliquefaciens B10 antagonizes oxidative damage and apoptosis induced by AFB1 in the livers of mice. The results of this study are of significance for the future use of this strain to reduce the harm of AFB1 to human health and animal reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Zhiming Lv
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Jia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Miao Long
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Wenda Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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18
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Soliman ES, Hamad RT, Abdallah MS. Preventive antimicrobial action and tissue architecture ameliorations of Bacillus subtilis in challenged broilers. Vet World 2021; 14:523-536. [PMID: 33776320 PMCID: PMC7994135 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.523-536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Probiotics improve intestinal balance through bacterial antagonism and competitive exclusion. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activity, as well as the in vivo preventive, immunological, productive, and histopathological modifications produced by probiotic Bacillus subtilis. Materials and Methods: The in vitro antimicrobial activities of B. subtilis (5×106 CFU/g; 0.5, 1.0*, 1.5, and 2.0 g/L) were tested against Escherichia coli O157: H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, Candida albicans, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes after exposure times of 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 h using minimal inhibitory concentration procedures. A total of 320 1-day-old female Ross broiler chickens were divided into five groups. Four out of the five groups were supplemented with 0.5, 1.0*, 1.5, and 2.0 g/L probiotic B. subtilis from the age of 1 day old. Supplemented 14-day-old broiler chickens were challenged with only E. coli O157: H7 (4.5×1012 CFU/mL) and S. Typhimurium (1.2×107 CFU/mL). A total of 2461 samples (256 microbial-probiotic mixtures, 315 sera, 315 duodenal swabs, and 1575 organs) were collected. Results: The in vitro results revealed highly significant (p<0.001) killing rates at all-time points in 2.0 g/L B. subtilis: 99.9%, 90.0%, 95.6%, and 98.8% against E. coli, S. Typhimurium, C. albicans, and T. mentagrophytes, respectively. Broilers supplemented with 1.5 and 2.0 g/L B. subtilis revealed highly significant increases (p<0.01) in body weights, weight gains, carcass weights, edible organs’ weights, immune organs’ weights, biochemical profile, and immunoglobulin concentrations, as well as highly significant declines (p<0.01) in total bacterial, Enterobacteriaceae, and Salmonella counts. Histopathological photomicrographs revealed pronounced improvements and near-normal pictures of the livers and hearts of broilers with lymphoid hyperplasia in the bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and spleen after supplementation with 2.0 g/L B. subtilis. Conclusion: The studies revealed that 1.5-2.0 g of probiotic B. subtilis at a concentration of 5×106 CFU/g/L water was able to improve performance, enhance immunity, and tissue architecture, and produce direct antimicrobial actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam S Soliman
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonosis, and Animal Behavior, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Rania T Hamad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Al Minufya 33511, Egypt
| | - Mona S Abdallah
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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19
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Liu X, Liu W, Deng Y, He C, Xiao B, Guo S, Zhou X, Tang S, Qu X. Use of encapsulated Bacillus subtilis and essential oils to improve antioxidant and immune status of blood and production and hatching performance of laying hens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1862715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha, China
| | - Yuying Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha, China
| | - Changqing He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha, China
| | - Bing Xiao
- Hunan Yunfeifeng Agricultural Co. Ltd, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Songchang Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha, China
| | - Xuebin Zhou
- Shanghai Naseco Products Company, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengguo Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangyong Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha, China
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20
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Marshall H, Meneely JP, Quinn B, Zhao Y, Bourke P, Gilmore BF, Zhang G, Elliott CT. Novel decontamination approaches and their potential application for post-harvest aflatoxin control. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Guo Y, Zhao L, Ma Q, Ji C. Novel strategies for degradation of aflatoxins in food and feed: A review. Food Res Int 2020; 140:109878. [PMID: 33648196 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are toxic secondary metabolites mainly produced by Aspergillus fungi, posing high carcinogenic potency in humans and animals. Dietary exposure to aflatoxins is a global problem in both developed and developing countries especially where there is poor regulation of their levels in food and feed. Thus, academics have been striving over the decades to develop effective strategies for degrading aflatoxins in food and feed. These strategies are technologically diverse and based on physical, chemical, or biological principles. This review summarizes the recent progress on novel aflatoxin degradation strategies including irradiation, cold plasma, ozone, electrolyzed oxidizing water, organic acids, natural plant extracts, microorganisms and enzymes. A clear understanding of the detoxification efficiency, mechanism of action, degradation products, application potential and current limitations of these methods is presented. In addition, the development and future perspective of nanozymes in aflatoxins degradation are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Qiugang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Cheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Bai J, Xu D, Xie D, Wang M, Li Z, Guo X. Effects of antibacterial peptide-producing Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus buchneri on fermentation, aerobic stability, and microbial community of alfalfa silage. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 315:123881. [PMID: 32731157 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of antibacterial peptide-producing Bacillus subtilis (BS), Lactobacillus buchneri (LB), or their combination on fermentation, proteolysis, aerobic stability, and microbial communities during ensiling and aerobic exposure phases of alfalfa silage. The results showed that the BS-treated silage displayed a higher lactic acid concentration, less proteolysis, and higher aerobic stability than those in the control silage. Both LB and BS treatments increased Lactobacillus and Ascochyta abundance, and decreased Enterococcus and Sporormiacea abundance after 60 d of fermentation. LB and BS also inhibited the growth of Enterococcus after 3 d of aerobic exposure but similar to the control silage, the fungal community of BS silage was dominated by Candida and Pichia after 9 d of aerobic exposure. Therefore, inoculation of BS improved silage fermentation quality, aerobic stability and bacterial community during ensiling and after 3 d of aerobic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Dongmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Dongmei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Musen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Ziqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Xusheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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Zhang J, Liu Y, Yang Z, Yang W, Huang L, Xu C, Liu M, Ge J, Wang Y, Jiang S. Illicium verum extracts and probiotics with added glucose oxidase promote antioxidant capacity through upregulating hepatic and jejunal Nrf2/Keap1 of weaned piglets. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5803249. [PMID: 32161959 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidences indicate that plant extracts and probiotics are effective antioxidant substitutes which play important roles in animal production. However, the comparative study of the mechanism underlying the antioxidant property of Illicium verum extracts (IVE) and probiotics with added glucose oxidase (PGO) on piglets remains to be explored. This study evaluated the difference and the interaction effect of IVE and PGO on serum, liver, and jejunum antioxidant capacity of weaned piglets. A total of 32 weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) at the age of 28 d with an average body weight of 14.96 ± 0.32 kg were randomly divided into four treatments with eight replicates per treatment in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Treatments included basal diet (IVE-PGO-), basal diet + 1,000 mg/kg PGO (IVE-PGO+), basal diet + 500 mg/kg IVE (IVE+PGO-), and basal diet + 500 mg/kg IVE + 1,000 mg/kg PGO (IVE+PGO+). All the piglets were housed individually for the 42-d trial period after 7-d adaptation. The piglets were euthanized at the end of the experiment and the liver and jejunum samples were taken and subjected to immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, as well as antioxidant and qRT-PCR analysis. Significant interactions were observed between IVE and PGO for total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in serum (42 d), liver, and jejunum; malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum (21 d); and mRNA and protein expression of kelch sample related protein-1 (Keap1) and nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor (Nrf2)/Keap1 in the liver and jejunum (P < 0.05). Both IVE and PGO improved (P < 0.05) T-SOD and GSH-Px in the serum (42 d), liver, and jejunum, and the mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2 and Nrf2/Keap1 in the liver and jejunum, but decreased (P < 0.05) MDA in the serum (21 d) and the mRNA and protein expression of Keap1 in the liver and jejunum. Immunohistochemical results confirmed that IVE and PGO enhanced the positive reactions of Nrf2 but weakened Keap1 in both the liver and jejunum. In conclusion, the results confirmed that IVE (500 mg/kg) and PGO (1,000 mg/kg) can improve the antioxidant capacity of weaned piglets and that the interaction effect between IVE and PGO is significant. At the same time, the fact that IVE and PGO activate the Nrf2/Keap1 in the liver and jejunum signaling pathway suggests that they play an important role in the ameliorative antioxidant capacity of weaned piglets. Therefore, the combination of IVE and PGO could be recommended as a new potential alternative to antibiotics in piglets' diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zaibin Yang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Weiren Yang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Libo Huang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jinshan Ge
- Shandong Zhongcheng Feed Technology Co., Ltd. Feicheng, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Shuzhen Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
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Dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis PB6 improves sow reproductive performance and reduces piglet birth intervals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 6:278-287. [PMID: 33005761 PMCID: PMC7503085 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis PB6 (B. subtilis PB6) during late gestation and lactation on sow reproductive performance, antioxidant indices, and gut microbiota. A total of 32 healthy Landrace × Yorkshire sows on d 90 of gestation were randomly assigned to 2 groups, with 16 replicates per group, receiving basal diet (CON) or the basal diet + 0.2% B. subtilis PB6, containing 4.0 × 108 CFU/kg of feed (BS). The litter sizes (total born) and numbers of piglets born alive were larger in the BS group (P < 0.01), whereas the weights of piglets born alive and the piglet birth intervals were lower in the BS group (P < 0.05). Although the litter weights and piglet bodyweights (after cross-fostering) were lower after BS treatment (P < 0.05), the litter sizes, litter weights, lactation survival rate, and litter weight gains at weaning were higher in BS group (P < 0.05). The concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the sow sera at parturition were lower in the BS group (P < 0.01). The serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) at parturition and the serum catalase (CAT) concentrations on d 21 of lactation were higher in the BS group (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with B. subtilis PB6 (P < 0.05) reduced the serum endotoxin concentrations in the sows and the serum cortisol concentrations of the piglets at d 14 of lactation. The α-diversity indices of microbial were higher in the CON group (P < 0.05). At the phylum level, B. subtilis PB6 supplementation increased the relative abundances of Gemmatimonadete and Acidobacteria (both P < 0.01) and reduced those of Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria (both P < 0.05). At the genus level, B. subtilis PB6 supplementation increased the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae_UCG-013 cc (P < 0.05) and reduced that of Streptococcus (P < 0.05). This study demonstrated that adding 4.0 × 108 CFU/kg B. subtilis PB6 to sows' feed during late gestation and lactation could shorten piglet birth intervals, enhance the growth performance of suckling piglets, and improve the gut health of sows during late gestation.
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Zhao Q, Qiu Y, Wang X, Gu Y, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Yue T, Yuan Y. Inhibitory Effects of Eurotium cristatum on Growth and Aflatoxin B 1 Biosynthesis in Aspergillus flavus. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:921. [PMID: 32477315 PMCID: PMC7242626 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotic strain Eurotium cristatum was isolated from Chinese Fuzhuan brick-tea and tested for its in vitro activity against aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus. Results indicated that E. cristatum can inhibit the radial growth of A. flavus. Furthermore, this inhibition might be caused by E. cristatum secondary metabolites. The ability of culture filtrate of strain E. cristatum against growth and aflatoxin B1 production by toxigenic A. flavus was evaluated in vitro. Meanwhile, the influence of filtrate on spore morphology of A. flavus was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results demonstrated that both radial growth of A. flavus and aflatoxin B1 production were significantly weakened following increases in the E. cristatum culture filtrate concentration. In addition, SEM showed that the culture filtrate seriously damaged hyphae morphology. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of the E. cristatum culture supernatant revealed the presence of multiple antifungal compounds. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis showed that the expression of aflatoxin biosynthesis-related genes (aflD, aflQ, and aflS) were down-regulated. Importantly, this latter occurrence resulted in a reduction of the AflS/AflR ratio. Interestingly, cell-free supernatants of E. cristatum facilitated the effective degradation of aflatoxin B1. In addition, two degradation products of aflatoxin B1 lacking the toxic and carcinogenic lactone ring were identified. A toxicity study on the HepG2 cells showed that the degradation compounds were less toxic when compared with AFB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China
| | - Yuanyuan Gu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yuzhu Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yidi Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yahong Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China
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The Biodegradation Role of Saccharomyces cerevisiae against Harmful Effects of Mycotoxin Contaminated Diets on Broiler Performance, Immunity Status, and Carcass characteristics. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10020238. [PMID: 32028628 PMCID: PMC7070355 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Over the past two decades, the use of agents for the biodegradation of mycotoxins has led to a reduction in their accumulation and toxicity in the digestive tract of animals. Thus, mycotoxin decontaminating agents are very useful in the prevention of aflatoxicosis. The present feeding trial aimed to evaluate the biodegradation role of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the prevention of the harmful effects of a mycotoxin contaminated diet on broiler performance, immunity, and carcass traits. The obtained results revealed significant improvements in broiler growth performance parameters, carcass traits, and antibody titer against infected diseases as an effect of the dietary inclusion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae up to 3.75 g kg−1. Consequentially, it could be used in broiler contaminated diets without negatively affecting bird health. Abstract A feeding trial (35 days) was carried out to investigate the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall as a mycotoxin biodegradation agent on the performance, feed efficiency, carcass traits, and immunity response against diseases in broilers fed aflatoxin B1 contaminated diets. For this purpose, 200 one day old broilers were randomly allotted into four groups, each with five replicates (10 birds per replicate). Four starter and finisher experimental rations were formulated by using (A) 0, (B) 1.25, (C) 2.5, and (D) 3.75 g kg−1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Experimental diets were contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (100 ppb kg−1 diet). The experimental chicks were kept under standard managerial conditions, and the vaccination program was followed against infectious bursal disease (IBD), infectious bronchitis (IB), and Newcastle disease (ND) diseases. At the end of the feeding trial, carcass, organ weight, and blood samples were collected randomly to determine the carcass traits and antibody titer against ND and IBD viruses. Throughout the experiment, the addition of 3.75 g kg−1 of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall (Group-D) in feed resulted in the highest weight gain, final weight, feed intake, and the lowest FCR values followed by C group compared with the other groups. All carcass traits were significantly (p > 0.05) improved by increasing the inclusion levels of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in broiler diets. It could be concluded that the broiler diet supplemented with 2.5 or 3.75 g kg−1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a biodegrading agent resulted in improved growth performance, immunity activity and carcass traits, and supplementation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae at these levels can be used effectively in broiler diets without negatively affecting bird health status.
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Mycotoxin toxicity and residue in animal products: Prevalence, consumer exposure and reduction strategies - A review. Toxicon 2020; 177:96-108. [PMID: 31972175 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxin residues are transferred from feed to animal products, yet, less attention has been paid to it in developing countries. There is a need to find alternative alleviation material for reducing the impact of mycotoxin. This review is meant to elucidate different additives that can reduce mycotoxin residue in animal products in the world, especially in developing countries. There is evidence of relationship between mycotoxin residue in breast milk of nursing mothers and mycotoxin exposure through crop and animal product (egg and milk) intake, especially in Asia, Africa, Middle East, Latin America, and some parts of Europe. Younger livestock tends to have more toxin residues in their tissue compared to older ones. Grazing animal are also exposed to mycotoxin intake which corresponds to high level of mycotoxins in their products including meat and milk. This review shows that phytogenic, probiotic, and prebiotic additives can decrease mycotoxin residues in milk, eggs, meat liver and other tissues of livestock. Specifically, bentonites, difructose anhydride III, yeast (Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans), Bacillus spp., or their biodegradable products can reduce mycotoxin residue in animal products. In addition, Ally isothiocyanates from mustard seed were able to mitigate mycotoxins in silo-simulated system. Evidence shows that there are now low-cost, accessible, and eco-friendly additives, which could alleviate the effect of mycotoxin in feed and food. In addition, there is need for aggressive public awareness and farmers' education on the prevalence, and danger caused by mycotoxins, as well as detoxification strategies that can reduce toxin absorption into animal products.
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Alizadeh A, Akbari P, Varasteh S, Braber S, Malekinejad H, Fink-Gremmels J. Ochratoxin A challenges the intestinal epithelial cell integrity: results obtained in model experiments with Caco-2 cells. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2019. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2019.2451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Contamination of human and animal diets with different mycotoxins have gained significant attention over the past decade. The intestinal barrier is the first site of exposure and a primary target for nutritional contaminants and hazardous substances including mycotoxins. In this study, the potential impact of ochratoxin A (OTA) on intestinal barrier integrity was highlighted using a human intestinal Caco-2 cell line. Cell viability following OTA exposure was determined by lactate dehydrogenase release and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Moreover, markers of barrier integrity, such as transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) as well as the permeability of Lucifer Yellow (LY) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran, were assessed. Furthermore, the protein expression of different tight junction (TJ) proteins, as main constituents of barrier integrity, was evaluated by Western blot. Results show that OTA reduces TEER values in a concentration- and time-dependent manner and increase the permeability of LY through the intestinal epithelial layer, while the cell viability did not change significantly. However, the damage was not severe enough to change the permeability to larger molecules, such as FITC-dextran. OTA exposure down-regulated the expression of TJ proteins claudin-1, -3 and -4 and up-regulated the expression of zona occludens 1. The observation that OTA can disrupt the epithelial barrier is of clinical importance as it may lead to an increased passage of luminal antigens into the systemic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Alizadeh
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - P. Akbari
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - S. Varasteh
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - S. Braber
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - H. Malekinejad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - J. Fink-Gremmels
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Tie Y, Adams E, Deconinck E, Vanhee C. Substandard and falsified antimicrobials: A potential biohazard in disguise? Drug Test Anal 2019; 12:285-291. [PMID: 31758727 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Tie
- Scientific Direction Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Section Medicines and Health Products, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erwin Adams
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric Deconinck
- Scientific Direction Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Section Medicines and Health Products, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Celine Vanhee
- Scientific Direction Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Section Medicines and Health Products, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
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Enzyme Degradation Reagents Effectively Remove Mycotoxins Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone from Pig and Poultry Artificial Digestive Juices. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11100599. [PMID: 31618978 PMCID: PMC6832875 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11100599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxin removers include enzymes and adsorbents that may be used in animal feeds to eliminate the toxic effects of mycotoxins. This study aimed to determine the removability of two different types of mycotoxin removers, adsorbents and enzyme degradation reagents (EDRs), in the simulated gastrointestinal conditions of pigs and poultry. Seven commercial mycotoxin removers, including five EDRs and two adsorbents, were tested in vitro. In this study, the supplemented dosages of mycotoxin removers used in pig and poultry feeds were the commercial recommendation ranging from 0.05% to 0.2%. For pigs, the in vitro gastric and small intestinal simulations were performed by immersing the mycotoxin-tainted feed in artificial gastric juice (AGJ) at pH 2.5 for 5 h or in artificial intestinal juice (AIJ) at pH 6.5 for 2 h to mimick in vivo conditions. For poultry, mycotoxin-tainted feeds were immersed in AGJ for 2 h at pH 4.5 and 0.5 h at pH of 2.5, respectively, to simulate crop/glandular stomach and gizzard conditions; the small intestinal simulation was in AIJ for 2 h at pH 6.5. For the pig, EDRs and adsorbents had deoxynivalenol (DON) removability (1 mg/kg) of 56% to 100% and 15% to 19%, respectively. Under the concentration of 0.5 mg/kg, the zearalenone (ZEN) removability by EDRs and adsorbents was 65% to 100% and 0% to 36%, respectively. For the simulation in poultry, the removability of DON by EDRs and adsorbents (5 mg/kg) was 56% to 79% and 1% to 36%, respectively; for the concentration of 0.5 mg/kg, the removability of ZEN by EDRs and adsorbents was 38% to 69% and 7% to 9%, respectively. These results suggest that EDRs are more effective in reducing DON and ZEN contamination compared to the adsorbent methods in the simulated gastrointestinal tracts of pig and poultry. The recoveries of DON and ZEN of pig in vitro gastrointestinal simulations were higher than 86.4% and 84.7%, respectively, with 88.8% and 85.9%, respectively, in poultry. These results demonstrated the stability and accuracy of our mycotoxin extraction process and in vitro simulation efficiency.
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Chetouhi C, Laabir M, Masseret E, Jean N. In silico prediction of the secretome from the invasive neurotoxic marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2019; 11:571-580. [PMID: 31091000 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Alexandrium catenella, a marine dinoflagellate responsible for harmful algal blooms (HABs), proliferates with greater frequency, distribution and intensity, in disturbed marine coastal ecosystems. The proteins secreted into seawater may play a crucial role in maintaining this dinoflagellate in these ecosystems, but this possibility has never been investigated before. In this study, the A. catenella secretome was predicted from its transcriptome by combining several bioinformatics tools. Our results predict a secretome of 2 779 proteins, among which 79% contain less than 500 amino acids, suggesting that most secreted proteins are short in length. The predicted secretome includes 963 proteins (35%) with Pfam domains: 773 proteins with one Pfam domain and 190 proteins with two or more Pfam domains. Their functional annotation showed that they are mainly involved in (i) proteolysis, (ii) stress responses and (iii) primary metabolism. In addition, 47% of the secreted proteins appear to be enzymes, primarily peptidases, known to be biologically active in the extracellular medium during stress responses. Finally, this study provides a wealth of candidates of proteins secreted by A. catenella, which may interact with the marine environment and help this dinoflagellate develop in various environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherif Chetouhi
- Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), Equipe Microbiologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, UM 110 CNRS/IRD Aix-Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CS 60584, 83 041 Toulon Cedex 9, France
| | - Mohammed Laabir
- Marbec, University of Montpellier, IRD, Ifremer, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Estelle Masseret
- Marbec, University of Montpellier, IRD, Ifremer, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Natacha Jean
- Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), Equipe Microbiologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, UM 110 CNRS/IRD Aix-Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CS 60584, 83 041 Toulon Cedex 9, France
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Fouad AM, Ruan D, El-Senousey HK, Chen W, Jiang S, Zheng C. Harmful Effects and Control Strategies of Aflatoxin B₁ Produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus Strains on Poultry: Review. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E176. [PMID: 30909549 PMCID: PMC6468546 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11030176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) in poultry diets decreases the hatchability, hatchling weight, growth rate, meat and egg production, meat and egg quality, vaccination efficiency, as well as impairing the feed conversion ratio and increasing the susceptibility of birds to disease and mortality. AFB₁ is transferred from poultry feed to eggs, meat, and other edible parts, representing a threat to the health of consumers because AFB₁ is carcinogenic and implicated in human liver cancer. This review considers how AFB₁ produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus strains can affect the immune system, antioxidant defense system, digestive system, and reproductive system in poultry, as well as its effects on productivity and reproductive performance. Nutritional factors can offset the effects of AFB₁ in poultry and, thus, it is necessary to identify and select suitable additives to address the problems caused by AFB₁ in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mohamed Fouad
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
| | - Dong Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - HebatAllah Kasem El-Senousey
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Shouqun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Chuntian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Efficacy of Bacillus subtilis ANSB060 Biodegradation Product for the Reduction of the Milk Aflatoxin M₁ Content of Dairy Cows Exposed to Aflatoxin B₁. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11030161. [PMID: 30871271 PMCID: PMC6468402 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11030161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effect of Bacillus subtilis ANSB060 biodegradation product (BDP) in reducing the milk aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) content of dairy cows fed a diet contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Twenty-four Chinese Holstein cows (254 ± 19 d in milk; milk production 19.0 ± 1.2 kg d−1) were assigned to three dietary treatments, as follows: (1) control diet (CON), consisting of a basal total mixed ration (TMR); (2) aflatoxin diet (AF), containing CON plus 63 μg of AFB1 kg−1 of diet dry matter; and (3) aflatoxin diet plus BDP (AF + BDP), containing AF plus BDP at 0.2% of diet dry matter. The experiment lasted 12 days, including an AFB1-dosing period from days one to eight, followed by a clearance period from days nine to twelve. Milk samples were collected on days 2, 4, 6, and 8–12, and the plasma was sampled on day 9, before morning feeding. Short-term AFB1 exposure did not affect the milk production and composition. The plasma biochemical indices, except for lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), were also not changed by the AFB1 intake. The plasma LDH level was significantly elevated (p < 0.05) following dietary treatment with AFB1, while no significant difference was observed between the AF + BDP and CON treatments. Adding BDP to the AFB1-contaminaed diet resulted in a significant reduction in AFM1 concentration (483 vs. 665 ng L−1) in the milk, AFM1 excretion (9.14 vs. 12.71 μg d−1), and transfer rate of dietary AFB1 to milk AFM1 (0.76 vs. 1.06%). In conclusion, the addition of BDP could be an alternative method for reducing the dietary AFB1 bioavailability in dairy cows.
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Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites associated with adverse human health and animal productivity consequences.[...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef I Hassan
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.
| | - Ting Zhou
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.
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Fan Y, Liu L, Zhao L, Wang X, Wang D, Huang C, Zhang J, Ji C, Ma Q. Influence of Bacillus subtilis ANSB060 on growth, digestive enzyme and aflatoxin residue in Yellow River carp fed diets contaminated with aflatoxin B 1. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 113:108-114. [PMID: 29374590 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) elicits serious threats to public health due to its widespread occurrence, as well as its teratogenic, carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of AFB1 and assess the ameliorative efficacy of Bacillus subtilis ANSB060 on aflatoxicosis in Yellow River carp. A total of 750 juvenile Yellow River carp were allocated into five dietary treatments for 60 days. Diet C0 represented for the negative control, diet M0 containing about 50 μg AFB1/kg diet represented for the positive control, and diet M0.25, M0.5 and M1.0 was diet M0 supplemented with B. subtilis ANSB060 at a dose of 0.25 × 109, 0.5 × 109 and 1.0 × 109 CFU/kg diet, respectively. The results showed that supplementation of strain ANSB060 restored the reduced body weight and enhanced feed conversion ratio of carp induced by AFB1 towards normal. ANSB060 could also relieve the alterations in hepatic morphology, improve digestive enzyme activities of hepatopancreas and intestine, as well as decrease AFB1 residues in carp's hepatopancreas and gonad. It is concluded that ANSB060 has a protective effect in carp with aflatoxicosis, with a promising potential in feed industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of Direct-Fed Microbial Engineering, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Laiting Liu
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dacai Wang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Churan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiugang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Yang X, Liu L, Chen J, Xiao A. Response of Intestinal Bacterial Flora to the Long-term Feeding of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in Mice. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9100317. [PMID: 29023377 PMCID: PMC5666364 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the influence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on intestinal bacterial flora, 24 Kunming mice (KM mice) were randomly placed into four groups, which were labeled as control, low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose groups. They were fed intragastrically with 0.4 mL of 0 mg/L, 2.5 mg/L, 4 mg/L, or 10 mg/L of AFB1 solutions, twice a day for 2 months. The hypervariable region V3 + V4 on 16S rDNA of intestinal bacterial flora was sequenced by the use of a high-flux sequencing system on a Miseq Illumina platform; then, the obtained sequences were analyzed. The results showed that, when compared with the control group, both genera and phyla of intestinal bacteria in the three treatment groups decreased. About one third of the total genera and one half of the total phyla remained in the high-dose group. The dominant flora were Lactobacillus and Bacteroides in all groups. There were significant differences in the relative abundance of intestinal bacterial flora among groups. Most bacteria decreased as a whole from the control to the high-dose groups, but several beneficial and pathogenic bacterial species increased significantly with increasing dose of AFB1. Thus, the conclusion was that intragastric feeding with 2.5~10 mg/mL AFB1 for 2 months could decrease the majority of intestinal bacterial flora and induce the proliferation of some intestinal bacteria flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiai Yang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
| | - Liangliang Liu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
| | - Aiping Xiao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
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El Khoury R, Caceres I, Puel O, Bailly S, Atoui A, Oswald IP, El Khoury A, Bailly JD. Identification of the Anti-Aflatoxinogenic Activity of Micromeria graeca and Elucidation of Its Molecular Mechanism in Aspergillus flavus. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9030087. [PMID: 28257049 PMCID: PMC5371842 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9030087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Of all the food-contaminating mycotoxins, aflatoxins, and most notably aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), are found to be the most toxic and economically costly. Green farming is striving to replace fungicides and develop natural preventive strategies to minimize crop contamination by these toxic fungal metabolites. In this study, we demonstrated that an aqueous extract of the medicinal plant Micromeria graeca—known as hyssop—completely inhibits aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus without reducing fungal growth. The molecular inhibitory mechanism was explored by analyzing the expression of 61 genes, including 27 aflatoxin biosynthesis cluster genes and 34 secondary metabolism regulatory genes. This analysis revealed a three-fold down-regulation of aflR and aflS encoding the two internal cluster co-activators, resulting in a drastic repression of all aflatoxin biosynthesis genes. Hyssop also targeted fifteen regulatory genes, including veA and mtfA, two major global-regulating transcription factors. The effect of this extract is also linked to a transcriptomic variation of several genes required for the response to oxidative stress such as msnA, srrA, catA, cat2, sod1, mnsod, and stuA. In conclusion, hyssop inhibits AFB1 synthesis at the transcriptomic level. This aqueous extract is a promising natural-based solution to control AFB1 contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhoda El Khoury
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP Purpan, UPS, Toulouse F-31027, France.
- Laboratoire de Mycologie et Sécurité des Aliments (LMSA), Département des sciences de la vie et de la terres - Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, P.O. Box 17-5208, Mar Mikhael Beirut 1104 2020 Lebanon.
| | - Isaura Caceres
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP Purpan, UPS, Toulouse F-31027, France.
| | - Olivier Puel
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP Purpan, UPS, Toulouse F-31027, France.
| | - Sylviane Bailly
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP Purpan, UPS, Toulouse F-31027, France.
| | - Ali Atoui
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Natural Sciences and Earth, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath Campus, P.O. Box 5, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Isabelle P Oswald
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP Purpan, UPS, Toulouse F-31027, France.
| | - André El Khoury
- Laboratoire de Mycologie et Sécurité des Aliments (LMSA), Département des sciences de la vie et de la terres - Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, P.O. Box 17-5208, Mar Mikhael Beirut 1104 2020 Lebanon.
| | - Jean-Denis Bailly
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP Purpan, UPS, Toulouse F-31027, France.
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