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Eddens T, Parks OB, Lou D, Fan L, Sojati J, Ramsey MJ, Schmitt L, Salgado CM, Reyes-Mugica M, Evans A, Zou HM, Oury TD, Byersdorfer C, Chen K, Williams JV. Monocyte Production of C1q Potentiates CD8 + T-Cell Function Following Respiratory Viral Infection. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024; 71:294-306. [PMID: 38696270 PMCID: PMC11376238 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2024-0004oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Using a murine model of human metapneumovirus, we identified recruitment of a C1q-expressing inflammatory monocyte population concomitant with viral clearance by adaptive immune cells. Genetic ablation of C1q led to reduced CD8+ T-cell function. Production of C1q by a myeloid lineage was necessary to enhance CD8+ T-cell function. Activated and dividing CD8+ T cells expressed a C1q receptor, gC1qR. Perturbation of gC1qR signaling led to altered CD8+ T-cell IFN-γ production, metabolic capacity, and cell proliferation. Autopsy specimens from fatal respiratory viral infections in children exhibited diffuse production of C1q by an interstitial population. Humans with severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection also exhibited upregulation of gC1qR on activated and rapidly dividing CD8+ T cells. Collectively, these studies implicate C1q production from monocytes as a critical regulator of CD8+ T-cell function following respiratory viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Eddens
- Division of Allergy/Immunology, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Olivia B Parks
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Scientist Training Program, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Dequan Lou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Li Fan
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Jorna Sojati
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Scientist Training Program, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Manda Jo Ramsey
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics
| | | | | | | | | | - Henry M Zou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Craig Byersdorfer
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Kong Chen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - John V Williams
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Institute for Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity in Children, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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2
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Li Y, Wu M, Liang Y, Yang Y, Guo W, Deng Y, Wen T, Tan C, Lin C, Liu F, Lin Y, Chen Q. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection outbreak in Guangzhou, China after COVID-19 pandemic. Virol J 2024; 21:183. [PMID: 39129001 PMCID: PMC11318190 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02458-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is a common pathogen causing respiratory diseases in children. This study aimed to characterize epidemiological and disease severity shifts of M. pneumoniae: infections in Guangzhou, China during and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS Throat swab samples were obtained from 5405 hospitalized patients with symptoms of acute respiratory infections to detect M. pneumoniae. Differences in epidemiological and clinical characteristics of M. pneumoniae: infections were investigated during 2020-2022 and after COVID-19 pandemic (2023). RESULTS M. pneumoniae were detected in 849 (15.6%, 849/5405) patients. The highest annual positive rate was 29.4% (754/2570) in 2023, followed by 5.3% (72/1367) in 2022, 1.2% (12/1015) in 2021, and 2.0% (11/553) in 2020, with significantly increasing annual prevalence from 2020 to 2023. M. pneumoniae incidence peaked between July and December post-COVID-19 pandemic in 2023, with the highest monthly positive rate (56.4%, 165/293). Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with M. pneumoniae did not vary between periods during and after COVID-19 pandemic except that patients with M. pneumoniae post-COVID-19 pandemic were more likely to develop fever. Patients with severe M. pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP) were more likely to develop respiratory complications, myocardial damage, and gastrointestinal dysfunction than those with non-SMPP. Patients with SMPP had lower lymphocytes, CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, and higher IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 levels than those with non-SMPP. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimens from infected patients were obtained to identify macrolide resistance mutations. Macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae (MRMP) proportion in 2023 was 91.1% (215/236). CONCLUSION Outbreaks of M. pneumoniae: occurred in Guangzhou, China in 2023 upon Non-pharmaceutical interventions easing. Despite the increasing incidence of M. pneumoniae, the disease severity remained similar during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Minzhi Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Yihao Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenyu Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuezhi Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Wen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Caiwei Tan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Feifei Liu
- Guangzhou Kingmed Center for Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongping Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Qigao Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
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3
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Fukuda Y, Togashi A, Hirakawa S, Yamamoto M, Fukumura S, Nawa T, Kushima N, Nakamura S, Kunizaki J, Nishino K, Kimura R, Kizawa T, Yamamoto D, Takeuchi R, Sasaoka Y, Kikuchi M, Ito T, Nagai K, Asakura H, Nishimura S, Yoshida M, Tsuchida K, Tsugawa T. A significant outbreak of respiratory human adenovirus infections among children aged 3-6 years in Hokkaido, Japan, in 2023. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29780. [PMID: 38965887 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV) infections present diverse clinical manifestations upon infecting individuals, with respiratory infections predominating in children. We surveyed pediatric hospitalizations due to respiratory HAdV infections across 18 hospitals in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan, from July 2019 to March 2024, recording 473 admissions. While hospitalizations remained below five cases per week from July 2019 to September 2023, a notable surge occurred in late October 2023, with weekly admissions peaking at 15-20 cases from November to December. There were dramatic shifts in the age distribution of hospitalized patients: during 2019-2021, 1-year-old infants and children aged 3-6 years represented 51.4%-54.8% and 4.1%-13.3%, respectively; however, in 2023-2024, while 1-year-old infants represented 19.0%-20.1%, the proportion of children aged 3-6 years increased to 46.2%-50.0%. Understanding the emergence of significant outbreaks of respiratory HAdV infections and the substantial changes in the age distribution of hospitalized cases necessitates further investigation into the circulating types of HAdV in Hokkaido Prefecture and changes in children's neutralizing antibody titers against HAdV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Fukuda
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsuo Togashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirakawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaki Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinobu Fukumura
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nawa
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Hokkaido Medical Center for Child Health and Rehabilitation, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nana Kushima
- Department of Pediatrics, Iwamizawa Municipal General Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Japan Red Cross Urakawa Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Jun Kunizaki
- Department of Pediatrics, NTT EC Sapporo Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kouhei Nishino
- Department of Pediatrics, Otaru Kyokai Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ryoma Kimura
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Kizawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Japan Community Health Care Organization Sapporo Hokushin Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Dai Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Kushiro City General Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ryoh Takeuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nemuro City Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuta Sasaoka
- Department of Pediatrics, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kikuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Sunagawa City Medical Center, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takuro Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Steel Memorial Muroran Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazushige Nagai
- Department of Pediatrics, Takikawa Municipal Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Asakura
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido Esashi Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nishimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Tomakomai City Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masaki Yoshida
- Department of Pediatrics, Yakumo General Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Tsugawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Jurkowicz M, Cohen H, Nemet I, Keller N, Leibovitz E, Sherman G, Kriger O, Barkai G, Mandelboim M, Stein M. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hospitalized human metapneumovirus patients in Israel, 2015-2021: A retrospective cohort study. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29709. [PMID: 38828947 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infection among hospitalized patients with acute respiratory infections during 2015-2021 and assessed the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on hMPV infection. A single-center, retrospective cohort study was performed, including pediatric and adult patients with laboratory-confirmed hMPV. Of a total of 990 patients, 253 (25.6%), 105 (10.6%), 121 (12.2%), and 511 (51.6%) belonged to age groups 0-2, 3-17, 18-59, and ≥60 years, respectively. The highest percentage (23.0%) of patients were hospitalized during 2019 and the lowest (4.7%) during 2020. Patients < 18 years experienced high rates of comorbidities (immunodeficiencies: 14.4% and malignancies: 29.9%). Here, 37/39 (94.9%) of all bronchiolitis cases were diagnosed in patients < 2 years, whereas more patients in older age groups were diagnosed with pneumonia. A greater proportion of hMPV patients diagnosed with viral coinfection (mostly respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus) were <18 years. The highest percentages of intensive care unit admissions were recorded among patients < 18 years. Our findings demonstrate that hMPV is an important cause of morbidity in young children and a possibly underestimated cause of morbidity among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menucha Jurkowicz
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hodaya Cohen
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ital Nemet
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Nathan Keller
- Faculty of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Eugene Leibovitz
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Gilad Sherman
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Or Kriger
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Galia Barkai
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Stein
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Ji W, Chen Y, Han S, Dai B, Li K, Li S, Li Z, Chen S, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Li X, Wang Q, Zheng J, Wang C, Liang Q, Han S, Zhang R, Wang F, Jin Y. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 96 pediatric human metapneumovirus infections in Henan, China after COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective analysis. Virol J 2024; 21:100. [PMID: 38689312 PMCID: PMC11059775 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a surge in human metapneumovirus (HMPV) transmission, surpassing pre-epidemic levels. We aim to elucidate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of HMPV infections in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era. METHODS In this retrospective single-center study, participants diagnosed with laboratory confirmed HMPV infection through Targeted Next Generation Sequencing were included. The study encompassed individuals admitted to Henan Children's Hospital between April 29 and June 5, 2023. Demographic information, clinical records, and laboratory indicators were analyzed. RESULTS Between April 29 and June 5, 2023, 96 pediatric patients were identified as infected with HMPV with a median age of 33.5 months (interquartile range, 12 ~ 48 months). The majority (87.5%) of infected children were under 5 years old. Notably, severe cases were statistically younger. Predominant symptoms included fever (81.3%) and cough (92.7%), with wheezing more prevalent in the severe group (56% vs 21.1%). Coinfection with other viruses was observed in 43 patients, with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (15.6%) or human rhinovirus A (HRV type A) (12.5%) being the most common. Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) coinfection rate was significantly higher in the severe group (20% vs 1.4%). Bacterial coinfection occurred in 74 patients, with Haemophilus influenzae (Hin) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (SNP) being the most prevalent (52.1% and 41.7%, respectively). Severe patients demonstrated evidence of multi-organ damage. Noteworthy alterations included lower concentration of IL-12p70, decreased lymphocytes percentages, and elevated B lymphocyte percentages in severe cases, with statistical significance. Moreover, most laboratory indicators exhibited significant changes approximately 4 to 5 days after onset. CONCLUSIONS Our data systemically elucidated the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric patients with HMPV infection, which might be instructive to policy development for the prevention and control of HMPV infection and might provide important clues for future HMPV research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangquan Ji
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, Henan, China
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Shujie Han
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Bowen Dai
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Zijie Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Shouhang Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, Henan, China
| | - Yaodong Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children's Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, Henan, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention; Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Qingmei Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, Henan, China
| | - Jiaying Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, Henan, China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, Henan, China
| | - Qiujing Liang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, Henan, China
| | - Shujuan Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, Henan, China
| | - Ruyu Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, Henan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, Henan, China.
| | - Yuefei Jin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, Henan, China.
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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Foley DA, Minney-Smith CA, Tjea A, Nicol MP, Levy A, Moore HC, Blyth CC. The Changing Detection Rate of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Adults in Western Australia between 2017 and 2023. Viruses 2024; 16:656. [PMID: 38793538 PMCID: PMC11125702 DOI: 10.3390/v16050656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in adults is inadequately defined and the impact of SARS-CoV-2-related non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) is underexplored. Using laboratory data, we described the detection rate of RSV in adults ≥16 years in Western Australia (WA) between 2017 and 2023. With the exception of 2020, RSV detections rose annually between 2017 and 2023, reaching 50.7 per 100,000 in 2023 (95% confidence interval [CI], 47.9-53.8). RSV testing expanded considerably across the study period, with the testing in 2023 more than five times the 2017 total. The detection rate was highest in adults ≥60 years between 2017 and 2019, particularly those ≥75 years. Following 2020, the detections in all age groups increased, with the highest detection rate in 2023 in those ≥75-years (199.5 per 100,000; 95% CI, 180.5-220). NPIs significantly impacted RSV seasonality; the preceding winter pattern was disrupted, resulting in an absent 2020 winter season and two major summer seasons in 2020/21 and 2021/22. The RSV season began to realign in 2022, reverting to a winter seasonal pattern in 2023 and the largest season in the study period. Ongoing surveillance will be required to understand the stability of these increases and to delineate the impact of new immunisation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Foley
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia (A.T.); (C.C.B.)
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (M.P.N.); (H.C.M.)
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Cara A. Minney-Smith
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia (A.T.); (C.C.B.)
| | - Andrew Tjea
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia (A.T.); (C.C.B.)
| | - Mark P. Nicol
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (M.P.N.); (H.C.M.)
- Marshall Centre, Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Avram Levy
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia (A.T.); (C.C.B.)
- Marshall Centre, Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hannah C. Moore
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (M.P.N.); (H.C.M.)
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Christopher C. Blyth
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia (A.T.); (C.C.B.)
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (M.P.N.); (H.C.M.)
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
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Ramanathan A, Lee W, Peplinski J, Mace AO, Foley DA. Head-to-Head Comparison Between Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Human Metapneumovirus Bronchiolitis in the Setting of Increased Viral Testing. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2024; 43:e139-e141. [PMID: 38100724 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000004217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
We compared the epidemiology, severity and management of hospitalized respiratory syncytial virus (n = 305) and human metapneumovirus (n = 39) bronchiolitis in a setting with high respiratory virus testing (95% of admissions tested). Respiratory syncytial virus-positive infants were younger and tended to require more hydration support and longer hospital stays compared to human metapneumovirus-positive infants. Respiratory support requirements were similar between groups despite significant age differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Ramanathan
- From the Department of General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Weihao Lee
- From the Department of General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Joseph Peplinski
- From the Department of General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ariel O Mace
- From the Department of General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David A Foley
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Sugimoto S, Kawase M, Suwa R, Kakizaki M, Kume Y, Chishiki M, Ono T, Okabe H, Norito S, Hosoya M, Hashimoto K, Shirato K. Development of a duplex real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection and identification of two subgroups of human metapneumovirus in a single tube. J Virol Methods 2023; 322:114812. [PMID: 37741464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a common cause of respiratory infections in children. Many genetic diagnostic assays have been developed, but most detect hMPV regardless of the subgroup. In this study, we developed a real-time RT-PCR assay that can detect and identify the two major subgroups of hMPV (A and B) in one tube. Primers and probes were designed based on the sequences of recent clinical isolates in Japan. The assay showed comparable analytical sensitivity to a previously reported real-time RT-PCR assay and specific reactions to hMPV subgroups. The assay also showed no cross-reactivity to clinical isolates of 19 species of other respiratory viruses. In a validation assay using post-diagnosed clinical specimens, 98% (167/170) positivity was confirmed for the duplex assay, and the three specimens not detected were of low copy number. The duplex assay also successfully distinguished the two major subgroups for all 12 clinical specimens, for which the subgroup had already been determined by genomic sequencing analysis. The duplex assay described here will contribute to the rapid and accurate identification and surveillance of hMPV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Sugimoto
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan; Management Department of Biosafety, Laboratory Animals, and Pathogen Bank, National Institute of Infectious Disease, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Kawase
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Suwa
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kakizaki
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Kume
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mina Chishiki
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Ono
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hisao Okabe
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Sakurako Norito
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Hosoya
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Koichi Hashimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shirato
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan.
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9
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Fukuda Y, Togashi A, Hirakawa S, Yamamoto M, Fukumura S, Nawa T, Honjo S, Kunizaki J, Nishino K, Tanaka T, Kizawa T, Yamamoto D, Takeuchi R, Sasaoka Y, Kikuchi M, Ito T, Nagai K, Asakura H, Kudou K, Yoshida M, Nishida T, Tsugawa T. Resurgence of human metapneumovirus infection and influenza after three seasons of inactivity in the post-COVID-19 era in Hokkaido, Japan, 2022-2023. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29299. [PMID: 38081792 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in February 2020, incidences of various infectious diseases decreased notably in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan. However, Japan began gradually easing COVID-19 infection control measures in 2022. Here, we conducted a survey of children hospitalized with human metapneumovirus (hMPV), influenza A and B, and respiratory syncytial virus infections in 18 hospitals across Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan, spanning from July 2019 to June 2023. From March 2020 to June 2022 (28 months), only 13 patients were hospitalized with hMPV, and two patients had influenza A. However, in October to November 2022, there was a re-emergence of hMPV infections, with a maximum of 27 hospitalizations per week. From July 2022 to June 2023 (12 months), the number of hMPV-related hospitalizations dramatically increased to 317 patients, with the majority aged 3-6 years (38.2%, [121/317]). Influenza A also showed an increase from December 2022, with a peak of 13 hospitalizations per week in March 2023, considerably fewer than the pre-COVID-19 outbreak in December 2019, when rates reached 45 hospitalizations per week. These findings suggest the possibility of observing more resurgences in infectious diseases in Japan after 2023 if infection control measures continue to be relaxed. Caution is needed in managing potential outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Fukuda
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Japan Red Cross Urakawa Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Atsuo Togashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirakawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaki Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinobu Fukumura
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nawa
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Hokkaido Medical Center for Child Health and Rehabilitation, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Saho Honjo
- Department of Pediatrics, Iwamizawa Municipal General Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Jun Kunizaki
- Department of Pediatrics, NTT EC Sapporo Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kouhei Nishino
- Department of Pediatrics, Otaru Kyokai Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toju Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Kizawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Japan Community Health Care Organization Sapporo Hokushin Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Dai Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Kushiro City General Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ryoh Takeuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nemuro City Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuta Sasaoka
- Department of Pediatrics, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kikuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Sunagawa City Medical Center, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takuro Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Steel Memorial Muroran Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazushige Nagai
- Department of Pediatrics, Takikawa Municipal Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Asakura
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido Esashi Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Kudou
- Department of Pediatrics, Tomakomai City Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masaki Yoshida
- Department of Pediatrics, Yakumo General Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishida
- Department of Pediatrics, Rumoi City Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsugawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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10
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Rice E, Oakes DB, Holland C, Moore HC, Blyth CC. Respiratory syncytial virus in children: epidemiology and clinical impact post-COVID-19. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2023; 36:522-528. [PMID: 37830952 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. RSV seasonality was disrupted by COVID-19-associated nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). We review RSV seasonality, molecular epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and community awareness to inform future prevention strategies. RECENT FINDINGS An initial reduction of RSV disease observed with NPIs, and subsequent global resurgence was associated with a collapse in genetic diversity. A lack of immunity is suggested to have contributed to the resurgence of RSV cases experienced post COVID-19. The median age of children admitted with RSV increased during the resurgence, likely secondary to the expanded cohort of RSV-immune naive children. The pandemic also played a role in increased community awareness, which can be utilized as part of a coordinated public health effort to introduce prevention strategies. Further education on signs and symptoms of RSV is still required. SUMMARY mAbs and maternal vaccines targeting RSV have the potential to reduce paediatric morbidity, however this new era of RSV prevention will require ongoing research to facilitate community awareness and engagement, and better respiratory surveillance. Tackling the global burden of RSV will require a coordinated effort and measures to ensure access and affordability of new prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Rice
- Department of General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital, Hospital Avenue
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia
| | - Daniel B Oakes
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia
| | - Charlie Holland
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University
| | - Hannah C Moore
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University
| | - Christopher C Blyth
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children's Hospital, Hospital Avenue
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Perth, Western Australia
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11
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Cho SJ, Kim SH, Lee H, Lee YU, Mun J, Park S, Park J, Park JS, Lee K, Lee CM, Seo J, Kim Y, Chung YS. Re-Emergence of HMPV in Gwangju, South Korea, after the COVID-19 Pandemic. Pathogens 2023; 12:1218. [PMID: 37887734 PMCID: PMC10609798 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-pharmaceutical interventions implemented to prevent the spread of COVID-19 have affected the epidemiology of other respiratory viruses. In South Korea, Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) typically occurs from winter to the following spring; however, it was not detected for two years during the COVID-19 pandemic and re-emerged in the fall of 2022, which is a non-epidemic season. To examine the molecular genetic characteristics of HMPV before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, we analyzed 427 HMPV-positive samples collected in the Gwangju area from 2018 to 2022. Among these, 24 samples were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Compared to the period before the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence rate of HMPV in 2022 increased by 2.5-fold. Especially in the age group of 6-10 years, the incidence rate increased by more than 4.5-fold. In the phylogenetic analysis results, before the COVID-19 pandemic, the A2.2.2 lineage was predominant, while in 2022, the A2.2.1 and B2 lineage were observed. The non-pharmaceutical interventions implemented after COVID-19, such as social distancing, have reduced opportunities for exposure to HMPV, subsequently leading to decreased acquisition of immunity. As a result, HMPV occurred during non-epidemic seasons, influencing the age distribution of its occurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Ju Cho
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease Research, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju 61954, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.C.); (H.L.); (Y.-U.L.); (J.M.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (J.-S.P.); (K.L.); (C.-m.L.); (J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Sun-Hee Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease Research, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju 61954, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.C.); (H.L.); (Y.-U.L.); (J.M.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (J.-S.P.); (K.L.); (C.-m.L.); (J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Hongsu Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease Research, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju 61954, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.C.); (H.L.); (Y.-U.L.); (J.M.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (J.-S.P.); (K.L.); (C.-m.L.); (J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yeong-Un Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease Research, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju 61954, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.C.); (H.L.); (Y.-U.L.); (J.M.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (J.-S.P.); (K.L.); (C.-m.L.); (J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Jeongeun Mun
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease Research, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju 61954, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.C.); (H.L.); (Y.-U.L.); (J.M.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (J.-S.P.); (K.L.); (C.-m.L.); (J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Sujung Park
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease Research, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju 61954, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.C.); (H.L.); (Y.-U.L.); (J.M.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (J.-S.P.); (K.L.); (C.-m.L.); (J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Jungwook Park
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease Research, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju 61954, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.C.); (H.L.); (Y.-U.L.); (J.M.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (J.-S.P.); (K.L.); (C.-m.L.); (J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Ji-Su Park
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease Research, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju 61954, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.C.); (H.L.); (Y.-U.L.); (J.M.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (J.-S.P.); (K.L.); (C.-m.L.); (J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Kwangho Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease Research, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju 61954, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.C.); (H.L.); (Y.-U.L.); (J.M.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (J.-S.P.); (K.L.); (C.-m.L.); (J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Cheong-mi Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease Research, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju 61954, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.C.); (H.L.); (Y.-U.L.); (J.M.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (J.-S.P.); (K.L.); (C.-m.L.); (J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Jinjong Seo
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease Research, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju 61954, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.C.); (H.L.); (Y.-U.L.); (J.M.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (J.-S.P.); (K.L.); (C.-m.L.); (J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yonghwan Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease Research, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju 61954, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.C.); (H.L.); (Y.-U.L.); (J.M.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (J.-S.P.); (K.L.); (C.-m.L.); (J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yoon-Seok Chung
- Division of High-Risk Pathogen, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
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12
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Izu A, Nunes MC, Solomon F, Baillie V, Serafin N, Verwey C, Moore DP, Laubscher M, Ncube M, Olwagen C, Dangor Z, Madhi SA. All-cause and pathogen-specific lower respiratory tract infection hospital admissions in children younger than 5 years during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-22) compared with the pre-pandemic period (2015-19) in South Africa: an observational study. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 23:1031-1041. [PMID: 37141913 PMCID: PMC10151031 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-pharmaceutical interventions affected the circulation of and illness due to endemic respiratory pathogens during the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated the incidence of admissions to hospital for overall and specific pathogen-associated lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with incidence in the pre-pandemic period. METHODS In this observational study, we analysed surveillance data for children younger than 5 years from two public hospitals in Soweto, South Africa, for all-cause LRTI, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza, human metapneumovirus, and Bordetella pertussis from Jan 1, 2015 to Dec 31, 2022. Data were obtained from an electronic database that includes information for all admissions to the general paediatric wards at the two hospitals, automatically identified by a computer program. We excluded children admitted to hospital with incidental SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 without LRTI diagnosis. Incidence during COVID-19 pandemic years (2020, 2021, and 2022) were compared with pre-pandemic rates (2015-19). FINDINGS Overall, there were 42 068 all-cause hospital admissions, including 18 303 all-cause LRTI hospital admissions, from Jan 1, 2015, to Dec 31, 2022, 17 822 (42·4%) of whom were female, 23 893 (57·0%) were male, and 353 (0·8%) had missing data. All-cause LRTI incidence risk ratio (IRR) was 30% lower in 2020 (IRR 0·70, 95% CI 0·67-0·74) and 13% lower in 2021 (0·87, 0·83-0·91), but 16% higher in 2022 (1·16, 1·11-1·21) compared with the pre-pandemic period. Furthermore, compared with the pre-pandemic period, incidence of RSV-associated LRTI (0·52, 0·45-0·58), influenza-associated LRTI (0·05, 0·02-0·11), and pulmonary tuberculosis (0·52, 0·41-0·65) were lower in 2020, with similar trends observed for human-metapneumovirus-associated LRTI, pertussis, and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Compared with the pre-pandemic period, by 2022, RSV-associated LRTI incidence was similar (1·04, 0·95-1·14) and influenza-associated LRTI showed a non-significant increase (1·14, 0·92-1·39), whereas incidence remained lower for tuberculosis (0·79, 0·65-0·94) and IPD (0·51, 0·24-0·99). In 2022, the incidence of COVID-19-associated LRTI hospital admission (65 per 100 000 children younger than 5 years) was lower than pre-pandemic RSV-associated LRTI (0·23, 0·19-0·27) but higher than pre-pandemic influenza-associated LRTI (1·19, 0·97-1·45), although the difference was not significant. All-cause LRTI death in 2022 (57 per 100 000 children younger than 5 years) was 28% higher than in the pre-pandemic period (1·28, 1·03-1·58). INTERPRETATION The higher incidence of all-cause LRTI admissions to hospital in 2022 compared with the pre-pandemic period is partly due to ongoing COVID-19 admission to hospital, and could worsen if other endemic respiratory pathogens revert to pre-pandemic incidence. Interventions, including the introduction of vaccines for people who are pregnant that aim to prevent RSV and possibly COVID-19 in young children, are warranted. FUNDING The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alane Izu
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Faculty of Health Science, National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Department of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Marta C Nunes
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Faculty of Health Science, National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Department of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Center of Excellence in Respiratory Pathogens, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Fatima Solomon
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Faculty of Health Science, National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Department of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Vicky Baillie
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Faculty of Health Science, National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Department of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Natali Serafin
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Faculty of Health Science, National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Department of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Charl Verwey
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - David P Moore
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Marius Laubscher
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Faculty of Health Science, National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Department of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Musawenkosi Ncube
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Faculty of Health Science, National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Department of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Courtney Olwagen
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Faculty of Health Science, National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Department of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ziyaad Dangor
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Faculty of Health Science, National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Department of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shabir A Madhi
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Infectious Diseases and Oncology Research Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Faculty of Health Science, National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Department of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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13
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Foley DA, Yeoh DK, Minney-Smith CA, Shin C, Hazelton B, Hoeppner T, Moore HC, Nicol M, Sikazwe C, Borland ML, Levy A, Blyth CC. A surge in human metapneumovirus paediatric respiratory admissions in Western Australia following the reduction of SARS-CoV-2 non-pharmaceutical interventions. J Paediatr Child Health 2023; 59:987-991. [PMID: 37219060 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.16445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
AIM Western Australian laboratory data demonstrated a decrease in human metapneumovirus (hMPV) detections through 2020 associated with SARS-CoV-2-related non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), followed by a subsequent surge in metropolitan region in mid-2021. We aimed to assess the impact of the surge in hMPV on paediatric hospital admissions and the contribution of changes in testing. METHODS All respiratory-coded admissions of children aged <16 years at a tertiary paediatric centre between 2017 and 2021 were matched with respiratory virus testing data. Patients were grouped by age at presentation and by ICD-10 AM codes into bronchiolitis, other acute lower respiratory infection (OALRI), wheeze and upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). For analysis, 2017-2019 was utilised as a baseline period. RESULTS hMPV-positive admissions in 2021 were more than 2.8 times baseline. The largest increase in incidence was observed in the 1-4 years group (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 3.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.5-5.9) and in OALRI clinical phenotype (IRR 2.8; 95% CI: 1.8-4.2). The proportion of respiratory-coded admissions tested for hMPV in 2021 doubled (32-66.2%, P < 0.001), with the greatest increase in wheeze (12-75% in 2021, P < 0.001). hMPV test percentage positivity in 2021 was higher than in the baseline period (7.6% vs. 10.1% in 2021, P = 0.004). CONCLUSION The absence and subsequent surge underline the susceptibility of hMPV to NPIs. Increased hMPV-positive admissions in 2021 can be partially attributable to testing, but test-positivity remained high, consistent with a genuine increase. Continued comprehensive testing will help ascertain true burden of hMPV respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Foley
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel K Yeoh
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Cara A Minney-Smith
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Briony Hazelton
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tobias Hoeppner
- Emergency Department, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hannah C Moore
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mark Nicol
- Marshall Centre, Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Chisha Sikazwe
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Marshall Centre, Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Meredith L Borland
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Emergency Department, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Avram Levy
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Marshall Centre, Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Chris C Blyth
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Habbous S, Hota S, Allen VG, Henry M, Hellsten E. Changes in hospitalizations and emergency department respiratory viral diagnosis trends before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287395. [PMID: 37327212 PMCID: PMC10275476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Population-level surveillance systems have demonstrated reduced transmission of non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we examined whether this reduction translated to reduced hospital admissions and emergency department (ED) visits associated with influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus, human parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, rhinovirus/enterovirus, and common cold coronavirus in Ontario. METHODS Hospital admissions were identified from the Discharge Abstract Database and exclude elective surgical admissions and non-emergency medical admissions (January 2017-March 2022). Emergency department (ED) visits were identified from the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System. International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) codes were used to classify hospital visits by virus type (January 2017-May 2022). RESULTS At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitalizations for all viruses were reduced to near-trough levels. Hospitalizations and ED visits for influenza (9,127/year and 23,061/year, respectively) were nearly absent throughout the pandemic (two influenza seasons; April 2020-March 2022). Hospitalizations and ED visits for RSV (3,765/year and 736/year, respectively) were absent for the first RSV season during the pandemic, but returned for the 2021/2022 season. This resurgence of hospitalizations for RSV occurred earlier in the season than expected, was more likely among younger infants (age ≤6 months), more likely among older children (aged 6.1-24 months), and less likely to comprise of patients residing in higher areas of ethnic diversity (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a reduced the burden of other respiratory infections on patients and hospitals. The epidemiology of respiratory viruses in the 2022/23 season remains to be seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Habbous
- Ontario Health (Strategic Analytics), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susy Hota
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vanessa G. Allen
- Ontario Health (Strategic Analytics), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Sinai Health/ University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michele Henry
- Ontario Health (Strategic Analytics), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erik Hellsten
- Ontario Health (Strategic Analytics), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Eddens T, Parks OB, Lou D, Fan L, Sojati J, Ramsey MJ, Schmitt L, Salgado CM, Reyes-Mugica M, Oury TD, Byersdorfer C, Chen K, Williams JV. Monocyte production of C1q potentiates CD8 + T cell effector function following respiratory viral infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.04.543430. [PMID: 37333212 PMCID: PMC10274684 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.04.543430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Using a murine model of human metapneumovirus (HMPV), we identified recruitment of a C1q-producing inflammatory monocyte population concomitant with viral clearance by adaptive immune cells. Genetic ablation of C1q led to reduced CD8 + T cell function. Production of C1q by a myeloid lineage was sufficient to enhance CD8 + T cell function. Activated and dividing CD8 + T cells expressed a putative C1q receptor, gC1qR. Perturbation of gC1qR signaling led to altered CD8 + T cell IFN-γ production and metabolic capacity. Autopsy specimens from fatal respiratory viral infections in children demonstrated diffuse production of C1q by an interstitial population. Humans with severe COVID-19 infection also demonstrated upregulation of gC1qR on activated and rapidly dividing CD8 + T cells. Collectively, these studies implicate C1q production from monocytes as a critical regulator of CD8 + T cell function following respiratory viral infection.
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Brydak L, Sikora D, Poniedziałek B, Hallmann E, Szymański K, Kondratiuk K, Rzymski P. Association between the Seroprevalence of Antibodies against Seasonal Alphacoronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 Humoral Immune Response, COVID-19 Severity, and Influenza Vaccination. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051733. [PMID: 36902520 PMCID: PMC10003754 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study assesses the seroprevalence of antibodies against seasonal human alphacoronaviruses 229E and NL63 among adult patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, and its association with the humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and its severity, and influenza vaccination. A serosurvey was conducted to quantify the presence of IgG antibodies against the nucleocapsid of 229E (anti-229E-N) and NL63 (anti-NL63-N), and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies (against nucleocapsid, receptor-binding domain, S2 domain, envelope, and papain-like protease) for 1313 Polish patients. The seroprevalence of anti-229E-N and anti-NL63 in the studied cohort was 3.3% and 2.4%. Seropositive individuals had a higher prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies, higher titers of the selected anti-SARS-CoV2 antibodies, and higher odds of an asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR = 2.5 for 229E and OR = 2.7 for NL63). Lastly, the individuals vaccinated against influenza in the 2019/2020 epidemic season had lower odds of seropositivity to 229E (OR = 0.38). The 229E and NL63 seroprevalence was below the expected pre-pandemic levels (up to 10%), likely due to social distancing, increased hygiene, and face masking. The study also suggests that exposure to seasonal alphacoronaviruses may improve humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 while decreasing the clinical significance of its infection. It also adds to accumulating evidence of the favorable indirect effects of influenza vaccination. However, the findings of the present study are of a correlative nature and thereby do not necessarily imply causation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Brydak
- Department of Influenza Research, National Influenza Center at the National Institute of Public Health NIH—National Research Institute in Warsaw, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Sikora
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Barbara Poniedziałek
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewelina Hallmann
- Department of Influenza Research, National Influenza Center at the National Institute of Public Health NIH—National Research Institute in Warsaw, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Szymański
- Department of Influenza Research, National Influenza Center at the National Institute of Public Health NIH—National Research Institute in Warsaw, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kondratiuk
- Department of Influenza Research, National Influenza Center at the National Institute of Public Health NIH—National Research Institute in Warsaw, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
- Integrated Science Association (ISA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 60-806 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence:
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