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Ahmadi Ghezeldasht S, Mosavat A, Rezaee SA. Novel insights into human T-lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) pathogenesis-host interactions in the manifestation of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2567. [PMID: 38937135 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Human T-lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) was the first discovered human oncogenic retrovirus, the etiological agent of two serious diseases have been identified as adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma malignancy and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), a debilitating chronic neuro-myelopathy. Despite more than 40 years of molecular, histopathological and immunological studies on HTLV-1-associated diseases, the virulence and pathogenicity of this virus are yet to be clarified. The reason why the majority of HTLV-1-infected individuals (∼95%) remain asymptomatic carriers is still unclear. The deterioration of the immune system towards oncogenicity and autoimmunity makes HTLV-1 a natural probe for the study of malignancy and neuro-inflammatory diseases. Additionally, its slow worldwide spreading has prompted public health authorities and researchers, as urged by the WHO, to focus on eradicating HTLV-1. In contrast, neither an effective therapy nor a protective vaccine has been introduced. This comprehensive review focused on the most relevant studies of the neuro-inflammatory propensity of HTLV-1-induced HAM/TSP. Such an emphasis on the virus-host interactions in the HAM/TSP pathogenesis will be critically discussed epigenetically. The findings may shed light on future research venues in designing and developing proper HTLV-1 therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Ahmadi Ghezeldasht
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arman Mosavat
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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2
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Ohmoto A, Fuji S. Non-cancerous complications in HTLV-1 carriers. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2024; 22:307-316. [PMID: 38536666 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2024.2336547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) carriers may develop adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), or HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM)/tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP). The evidence is limited regarding other diseases potentially associated with HTLV-1, such as HTLV-1-associated autoimmune diseases. AREA COVERED We summarized the available information on complications associated with HTLV-1 infection. EXPERT OPINION Previous studies showed that HTLV-1 carriers have an increased incidence of collagen diseases including Sjögren's syndrome, as well as dysthyroidism, diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, cognitive deficits are observed in asymptomatic carriers and in symptomatic carriers who develop HAM/TSP. It is hypothesized that altered immunoregulation occurs as a result of persistent HTLV-1 infection. A systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that HTLV-1 infection itself has an adverse impact on overall survival. ATL alone cannot entirely explain the adverse impact of HTLV-1 infection on overall mortality, because the incidence is low, and therefore HTLV-1-associated diseases as a whole may contribute to the inferior clinical outcome. However, there are insufficient data to determine the causal relationship between HTLV-1 infection and each complication. While non-cancerous events linked to HTLV-1 infection are not fatal, they are likely to reduce quality of life. Large prospective studies should be conducted by international collaborators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Ohmoto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shigeo Fuji
- Department of Hematology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
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3
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Sen ES, Ramanan AV. Cytokine Storm Syndrome Associated with Hemorrhagic Fever and Other Viruses. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1448:249-267. [PMID: 39117819 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-59815-9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
A wide variety of infections can trigger cytokine storm syndromes including those caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. The most frequent viral trigger is Epstein-.Barr virus which is covered in Chapter 16. CSS associated with COVID-19 is also discussed separately (Chapter 22). This chapter will focus on other viruses including the hemorrhagic fever viruses, influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus, parvovirus, hepatitis viruses, measles, mumps, rubella, enterovirus, parechovirus, rotavirus, human metapneumovirus and human T-lymphotropic virus. The published literature consists of many single case reports and moderate-sized case series reporting CSS, in most circumstances meeting the 2004 diagnostic criteria for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). There is no published clinical trial evidence specifically for management of HLH associated with these viruses. In some situations, patients received supportive therapy and blood product transfusions only but in most cases, they were treated with one or more of intravenous corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin and/or etoposide. These were successful in many patients although in significant numbers progression of infection to CSS was associated with mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan S Sen
- Consultant in Paediatric Rheumatology, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - A V Ramanan
- Consultant in Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
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Klemp M, Chapuy B, von Brünneck AC, Dobos G, Moritz RKC. Disseminated itching papules in a Jamaican patient. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2024; 22:123-125. [PMID: 37847912 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Klemp
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - Björn Chapuy
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Hämatologie, Onkologie und Tumorimmunologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin
| | | | - Gabor Dobos
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - Rose K C Moritz
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
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Klemp M, Chapuy B, von Brünneck AC, Dobos G, Moritz RKC. Disseminierte juckende Papeln bei einem jamaikanischen Patienten: Disseminated itching papules in a Jamaican patient. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2024; 22:123-125. [PMID: 38212920 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15258_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Klemp
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - Björn Chapuy
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Hämatologie, Onkologie und Tumorimmunologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin
| | | | - Gabor Dobos
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - Rose K C Moritz
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
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de Sena Rodrigues Júnior R, Antonia Nunes Gomes J, Alberto da Silva Dias G, Fujihara S, Toshimitsu Yoshikawa G, Vilela Lopes Koyama R, Catarina Medeiros Sousa R, Antonio Simões Quaresma J, Thais Fuzii H. T helper type 9 cell response and its role in the neurological clinic of patients with Human T-lymphotropic virus 1. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152740. [PMID: 37657359 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) affects 5-10 million individuals worldwide. Most of those infected with this virus remain asymptomatic; however, 0.25%-4% of individuals develop HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), while 2%-4% develop adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). Understanding the immune response inherent in this infection is extremely important. The role of T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 cells in HTLV-1 infection is well known; however, exploring the different subtypes of immune responses is also necessary. The role of Th9 cells in HTLV-1 infection and the mechanisms involved in their interference in the pathophysiological process of HAM/TSP is poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the expression profiles of PU.1, interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF-4), and cytokine interleukin-9 (IL-9) during the induction of peripheral immune response and their role in the HTLV-1-infected patients' neurological symptoms. This analytical cross-sectional study was carried out at the Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiology of Endemic Diseases and the Laboratory of Immunopathology, both from the Tropical Medicine Center at the Federal University of Pará. Assessment of neurological parameters was performed (gait, Expanded Kurtzke Disability State Scale (EDSS) score, upper and lower limb reflexes, Hoffman's sign, Babinski reflex, and clonus reflex). For Th9 cell analysis, peripheral blood samples were collected from HTLV-1-infected patients; then, the lymphomononuclear cells were separated followed by the isolation of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA). Complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) synthesis each sample was carried out. The gene expression levels of PU.1, IRF-4, and IL-9 as well as those of constitutive genes (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and β-actin) were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). This study included 81 HTLV-1-infected patients, of whom 47 were asymptomatic, 13 were mono/oligosymptomatic (MOS), and 21 developed HAM/TSP. IL-9 was the least expressed gene among the three studied groups. The MOS group showed the lowest expression levels of PU.1, IRF-4, and IL-9. HAM/TSP patients showed lower IL-9 protein quantification. Negative correlations were found between IL and 9 and EDSS in MOS patients and between PU.1, EDSS, IRF-4, and EDSS in the HAM/TSP group. An association was found between IL and 9 and Babinski reflex in the HAM/TSP group, suggesting that this gene was more highly expressed in patients who did not have this pathological sign. Th9 cells may interfere with the neurological progression of HAM/TSP and act as a protective factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Satomi Fujihara
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Juarez Antonio Simões Quaresma
- Immunopathology Laboratory of Tropical Medicine Center. Federal University of Pará, Brazil; Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Pará State University, Brazil
| | - Hellen Thais Fuzii
- Immunopathology Laboratory of Tropical Medicine Center. Federal University of Pará, Brazil.
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Jafarzadeh Esfehani R, Vahidi Z, Shariati M, Mosavat A, Shafaei A, Shahi M, Rafatpanah H, Bidkhori HR, Boostani R, Hedayati-Moghaddam MR. Immune response to COVID-19 vaccines among people living with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 infection: a retrospective cohort study from Iran. J Neurovirol 2023:10.1007/s13365-023-01176-6. [PMID: 37870718 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-023-01176-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination is still unclear in individuals with underlying diseases such as HTLV-1 infection. This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the humoral response of COVID-19 vaccines among people living with HTLV-1 (PLHTLV) in northeastern Iran. From December 2021 to October 2022, eighty-six HTLV-1+ subjects (50 males and 36 females; 47.7 ± 11.2 years) and 90 HTLV-1 seronegative individuals (age- and sex-matched convenient samples) were enrolled. The humoral immune response was evaluated by measuring different COVID-19 Abs in serum samples at least 28 days after receiving 2nd or 3rd doses of COVID-19 vaccines. Throughout all three rounds of immunization, Sinopharm was the most commonly used COVID-19 vaccine across all three immunization rounds. Compared to the HTLV-1- group, a significantly lower frequency of all four Abs activity was observed among PLHTLV:anti-nucleocapsid (66.3% vs 86.7%, p = 0·001), anti-spike (91.9% vs 98.9%, p = 0·027), RBD (90.7% vs 97.8%, p = 0·043), and neutralizing Abs (75.6% vs 95.5%, p < 0·001). Also, the frequency of all Abs in 28 patients with HAM/TSP was higher than that of 58 asymptomatic carriers, although this difference was statistically significant only in the case of anti-spike Abs (p = 0.002). Notably, PLHTLV-vaccinated against COVID-19 demonstrated significantly lower antibody activities, indicating a reduced humoral immune response to COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Jafarzadeh Esfehani
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan Branch, Ferdowsi University Campus, Azadi-Square, Mashhad, 9177949367, Iran
| | - Zohreh Vahidi
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shariati
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Department, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arman Mosavat
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan Branch, Ferdowsi University Campus, Azadi-Square, Mashhad, 9177949367, Iran
| | - Azam Shafaei
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan Branch, Ferdowsi University Campus, Azadi-Square, Mashhad, 9177949367, Iran
- Clinical Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Shahi
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan Branch, Ferdowsi University Campus, Azadi-Square, Mashhad, 9177949367, Iran
- Clinical Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Houshang Rafatpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Bidkhori
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan Branch, Ferdowsi University Campus, Azadi-Square, Mashhad, 9177949367, Iran
| | - Reza Boostani
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 917699199, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Hedayati-Moghaddam
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan Branch, Ferdowsi University Campus, Azadi-Square, Mashhad, 9177949367, Iran.
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8
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Hu X, Logan JG, Kwon Y, Lima JAC, Jacobs DR, Duprez D, Brumback L, Taylor KD, Durda P, Johnson WC, Cornell E, Guo X, Liu Y, Tracy RP, Blackwell TW, Papanicolaou G, Mitchell GF, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Van Den Berg DJ, Chirinos JA, Hughes TM, Garrett-Bakelman FE, Manichaikul A. Multi-ancestry epigenome-wide analyses identify methylated sites associated with aortic augmentation index in TOPMed MESA. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17680. [PMID: 37848499 PMCID: PMC10582077 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44806-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the prognostic value of arterial stiffness (AS) and pulsatile hemodynamics (PH) for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, epigenetic modifications that contribute to AS/PH remain unknown. To gain a better understanding of the link between epigenetics (DNA methylation) and AS/PH, we examined the relationship of eight measures of AS/PH with CpG sites and co-methylated regions using multi-ancestry participants from Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) with sample sizes ranging from 438 to 874. Epigenome-wide association analysis identified one genome-wide significant CpG (cg20711926-CYP1B1) associated with aortic augmentation index (AIx). Follow-up analyses, including gene set enrichment analysis, expression quantitative trait methylation analysis, and functional enrichment analysis on differentially methylated positions and regions, further prioritized three CpGs and their annotated genes (cg23800023-ETS1, cg08426368-TGFB3, and cg17350632-HLA-DPB1) for AIx. Among these, ETS1 and TGFB3 have been previously prioritized as candidate genes. Furthermore, both ETS1 and HLA-DPB1 have significant tissue correlations between Whole Blood and Aorta in GTEx, which suggests ETS1 and HLA-DPB1 could be potential biomarkers in understanding pathophysiology of AS/PH. Overall, our findings support the possible role of epigenetic regulation via DNA methylation of specific genes associated with AIx as well as identifying potential targets for regulation of AS/PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Hu
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Jeongok G Logan
- School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Younghoon Kwon
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joao A C Lima
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Daniel Duprez
- Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lyndia Brumback
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Peter Durda
- Laboratory for Clinical Biochemistry Research, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - W Craig Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elaine Cornell
- Laboratory for Clinical Biochemistry Research, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Russell P Tracy
- Laboratory for Clinical Biochemistry Research, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Thomas W Blackwell
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - George Papanicolaou
- Epidemiology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - David J Van Den Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julio A Chirinos
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy M Hughes
- Department of Internal Medicine - Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Francine E Garrett-Bakelman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, 1340 Jefferson Park Ave., Pinn hall 6054, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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9
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Manichaikul A, Hu X, Logan J, Kwon Y, Lima J, Jacobs D, Duprez D, Brumback L, Taylor K, Durda P, Johnson C, Cornell E, Guo X, Liu Y, Tracy R, Blackwell T, Papanicolaou G, Mitchell G, Rich S, Rotter J, Van Den Berg D, Chirinos J, Hughes T, Garrett-Bakelman F. Multi-ancestry epigenome-wide analyses identify methylated sites associated with aortic augmentation index in TOPMed MESA. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3125948. [PMID: 37502922 PMCID: PMC10371087 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3125948/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite the prognostic value of arterial stiffness (AS) and pulsatile hemodynamics (PH) for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, epigenetic modifications that contribute to AS/PH remain unknown. To gain a better understanding of the link between epigenetics (DNA methylation) and AS/PH, we examined the relationship of eight measures of AS/PH with CpG sites and co-methylated regions using multi-ancestry participants from Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) with sample sizes ranging from 438 to 874. Epigenome-wide association analysis identified one genome-wide significant CpG (cg20711926-CYP1B1) associated with aortic augmentation index (AIx). Follow-up analyses, including gene set enrichment analysis, expression quantitative trait methylation analysis, and functional enrichment analysis on differentially methylated positions and regions, further prioritized three CpGs and their annotated genes (cg23800023-ETS1, cg08426368-TGFB3, and cg17350632-HLA-DPB1) for AIx. Among these, ETS1 and TGFB3 have been previously prioritized as candidate genes. Furthermore, both ETS1 and HLA-DPB1 have significant tissue correlations between Whole Blood and Aorta in GTEx, which suggests ETS1 and HLA-DPB1 could be potential biomarkers in understanding pathophysiology of AS/PH. Overall, our findings support the possible role of epigenetic regulation via DNA methylation of specific genes associated with AIx as well as identifying potential targets for regulation of AS/PH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kent Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephen Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia
| | - Jerome Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
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Dugardin J, Demar M, Hafsi N, Amroun H, Aurelus JM, Drak Alsibai K, Ntoutoum A, Santa F, Nacher M, Sabbah N. Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 is associated with dysthyroidism in the French Amazon. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1164526. [PMID: 37293205 PMCID: PMC10244722 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1164526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus known to cause two major diseases: adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and a progressive neuromyelopathy-tropical spastic paraparesis. Many viruses may be involved in the pathogenesis of thyroiditis; however, few studies have focused on the role of HTLV-1. We aimed to investigate the association between HTLV-1 and biological thyroid dysfunction. Methods We included 357 patients with a positive HTLV-1 serology and thyroid-stimulating hormone assay data between 2012 and 2021 in a hospital in French Guiana; we compared the prevalence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in this group with that in an HTLV-1-negative control group (722 persons) matched for sex and age. Results The prevalence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in patients with HTLV-1 infection was significantly higher than that in the control group (11% versus 3.2% and 11.3% versus 2.3%, respectively; p < 0.001). Conclusion Our study shows, for the first time, the association between HTLV-1 and dysthyroidism in a large sample, suggesting that thyroid function exploration should be systematically implemented in this population as this may have an impact on therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Dugardin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Cayenne Hospital Center, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Magalie Demar
- Laboratory of Parasitology-Mycology (LHUPM), Cayenne Hospital Center, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Nezha Hafsi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Cayenne Hospital Center, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Hakim Amroun
- Department of Surgery, Cayenne Hospital Center, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Jean-Markens Aurelus
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Cayenne Hospital Center, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Kinan Drak Alsibai
- Department of Pathology and Center of Biological Resources (CRB Amazonie), Cayenne Hospital Center, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - André Ntoutoum
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Cayenne Hospital Center, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Florin Santa
- Department of Internal Diseases, Cayenne Hospital Center, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Mathieu Nacher
- Clinical Investigation Center Antilles French Guiana (CIC INSERM 1424), Cayenne Hospital Center, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Nadia Sabbah
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Cayenne Hospital Center, Cayenne, French Guiana
- Clinical Investigation Center Antilles French Guiana (CIC INSERM 1424), Cayenne Hospital Center, Cayenne, French Guiana
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11
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Mohanty S, Harhaj EW. Mechanisms of Innate Immune Sensing of HTLV-1 and Viral Immune Evasion. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050735. [PMID: 37242405 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1) was the first identified oncoretrovirus, which infects and establishes a persistent infection in approximately 10-20 million people worldwide. Although only ~5% of infected individuals develop pathologies such as adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) or a neuroinflammatory disorder termed HTLV-1-asssociated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), asymptomatic carriers are more susceptible to opportunistic infections. Furthermore, ATLL patients are severely immunosuppressed and prone to other malignancies and other infections. The HTLV-1 replication cycle provides ligands, mainly nucleic acids (RNA, RNA/DNA intermediates, ssDNA intermediates, and dsDNA), that are sensed by different pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to trigger immune responses. However, the mechanisms of innate immune detection and immune responses to HTLV-1 infection are not well understood. In this review, we highlight the functional roles of different immune sensors in recognizing HTLV-1 infection in multiple cell types and the antiviral roles of host restriction factors in limiting persistent infection of HTLV-1. We also provide a comprehensive overview of intricate strategies employed by HTLV-1 to subvert the host innate immune response that may contribute to the development of HTLV-1-associated diseases. A more detailed understanding of HTLV-1-host pathogen interactions may inform novel strategies for HTLV-1 antivirals, vaccines, and treatments for ATLL or HAM/TSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchitra Mohanty
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Edward W Harhaj
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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XCL1, a serum biomarker in neurological diseases; HTLV-1-associated myelopathy and multiple sclerosis. Microb Pathog 2023; 174:105962. [PMID: 36572194 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The XCL1-XCR1 axis has a potential role in the recruitment of immune cells to the site of inflammation. The present study aimed to examine the relation of XCL1 serum levels with Multiple sclerosis (MS) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM), as chronic inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). DNA was extracted to evaluate HTLV-1 proviral load (PVL) using real-time PCR. Serum levels of XCL1 was determined by using an ELISA assay. The serum level of XCL1 was significantly higher in patients with HAM than that of asymptomatic carriers (ACs) and healthy controls (HCs) (p < 0.001 and p < 0.0001, respectively) and was also higher in MS patients compared to HCs (p < 0.0001). Moreover, the concentration of XCL1 serum level was significantly different between the ACs and HCs group (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, increased expression of XCL1 might contribute to the migration of autoreactive T cells to the central nervous system and play a critical role in the development and pathogenesis of inflammatory neurological diseases including HAM and MS.
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Tsuji Y, Koga T, Nonaka F, Nobusue K, Kawashiri SY, Yamanashi H, Maeda T, Arima K, Aoyagi K, Takahashi M, Kawaguchi S, Matsuda F, Fujii H, Kawano M, Nakamura H, Kawakami A, Tamai M. Identification of risk factors for elevated serum IgG4 levels in subjects in a large-scale health checkup cohort study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1124417. [PMID: 36969256 PMCID: PMC10031005 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1124417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction To allow the identification of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) from a subclinical phase as it is important to understand the risk of elevated serum IgG4 levels. We planned to evaluate serum IgG4 levels in the participants of the Nagasaki Islands Study (NaIS), a large-scale health checkup cohort study. Methods This study included 3,240 individuals who participated in the NaIS between 2016 and 2018 and consented to participate in the study. Serum IgG4, IgG, and IgE levels and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotyping results of the NaIS subjects as well as lifestyle habits and peripheral blood test results were analyzed. The magnetic bead panel assay (MBA) and the standard nephelometry immunoassay (NIA) were used to measure serum IgG4 levels. The data were evaluated using multivariate analysis to identify lifestyle and genetic factors associated with elevated serum IgG4 levels. Results Serum IgG4 levels measured with the NIA and MBA showed a tight positive correlation between the two groups (correlation coefficient 0.942). The median age of the participants in the NaIS was 69 years [63-77]. The median serum IgG4 level was 30.2 mg/dL [IQR 12.5-59.8]. Overall, 1019 (32.1%) patients had a history of smoking. When the subjects were stratified into three groups based on the smoking intensity (pack-year), the serum IgG4 level was significantly higher among those with a higher smoking intensity. Accordingly, the multivariate analysis identified a significant relationship between smoking status and serum IgG4 elevation. Conclusion In this study, smoking was identified as a lifestyle factor correlating positively with elevated serum IgG4 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshika Tsuji
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Koga
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
- Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
- *Correspondence: Mami Tamai, ; Tomohiro Koga,
| | - Fumiaki Nonaka
- Department of Island and Community Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nobusue
- Department of Island and Community Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shin-ya Kawashiri
- Department of Community Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Yamanashi
- Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maeda
- Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
- Leading Medical Research Core Unit, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Arima
- Leading Medical Research Core Unit, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Aoyagi
- Leading Medical Research Core Unit, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Meiko Takahashi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuji Kawaguchi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujii
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kawano
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
- Leading Medical Research Core Unit, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mami Tamai
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
- Leading Medical Research Core Unit, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
- *Correspondence: Mami Tamai, ; Tomohiro Koga,
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Screening of Hub Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Network Analysis and Machine Learning. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7300788. [PMID: 36479313 PMCID: PMC9722289 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7300788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) is the fifth common cancer worldwide, and it requires effective diagnosis and treatment to prevent aggressive metastasis. The purpose of this study was to construct a machine learning-based diagnostic model for the diagnosis of liver cancer. Using weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), univariate analysis, and Lasso-Cox regression analysis, protein-protein interactions network analysis is used to construct gene networks from transcriptome data of hepatocellular carcinoma patients and find hub genes for machine learning. The five models, including gradient boosting, random forest, support vector machine, logistic regression, and integrated learning, were to identify a multigene prediction model of patients. Immunological assessment, TP53 gene mutation and promoter methylation level analysis, and KEGG pathway analysis were performed on these groups. Potential drug molecular targets for the corresponding hepatocellular carcinomas were obtained by molecular docking for analysis, resulting in the screening of 2 modules that may be relevant to the survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients, and the construction of 5 diagnostic models and multiple interaction networks. The modes of action of drug-molecule interactions that may be effective against hepatocellular carcinoma core genes CCNA2, CCNB1, and CDK1 were investigated. This study is expected to provide research ideas for early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Freitas NL, Gomes YCP, Souza FDS, Torres RC, Echevarria-Lima J, Leite ACCB, Lima MASD, Araújo AQC, Silva MTT, Espíndola ODM. Lessons from the Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis of HTLV-1-Infected Individuals: Biomarkers of Inflammation for HAM/TSP Development. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102146. [PMID: 36298702 PMCID: PMC9609689 DOI: 10.3390/v14102146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a neurodegenerative disease that leads to motor impairment due to a chronic inflammatory process in the central nervous system (CNS). However, the HAM/TSP pathogenesis is not completely clear, and biomarkers to define the disease prognosis are still necessary. Thus, we aimed to identify biomarkers for HAM/TSP and potential mechanisms involved in disease development. To that end, the concentrations of VILIP-1, BDNF, VEGF, β-NGF, TGF-β1, fractalkine/CX3CL1, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α, and the soluble forms of TREM-1, TREM-2, and RAGE, were assessed using a multiplex bead-based immunoassay in paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples from HAM/TSP patients (n = 20), asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers (AC) (n = 13), and HTLV-1-seronegative individuals (n = 9), with the results analyzed according to the speed of HAM/TSP progression. HAM/TSP patients had elevated fractalkine in the serum but not in the CSF, particularly those with low neuroinflammatory activity (CSF/serum ratio of neopterin <1 and of CXCL10 < 2). HAM/TSP patients with normal CSF levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL) showed elevated β-NGF in serum, and serum BDNF levels were increased in HTLV-1-infected individuals, particularly in HTLV-1 AC. Both HTLV-1 AC and HAM/TSP patients had lower TGF-β1 levels in CSF compared to uninfected individuals, and HAM/TSP patients with active CNS inflammation showed higher CSF levels of IL-18, which correlated with markers of inflammation, neuronal death, and blood−brain-barrier permeability. Although none of the factors evaluated were associated with the speed of HAM/TSP progression, reduced TGF-β1 levels in CSF suggest that suppressive responses to control subclinical and/or active neurodegeneration are impaired, while increased CSF IL-18 indicates the involvement of inflammasome-mediated mechanisms in HAM/TSP development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Lardini Freitas
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Yago Côrtes Pinheiro Gomes
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Flávia dos Santos Souza
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Carvalho Torres
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-912, Brazil
| | - Juliana Echevarria-Lima
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | | | | | - Abelardo Queiroz Campos Araújo
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Marcus Tulius Teixeira Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Otávio de Melo Espíndola
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Mulherkar TH, Gómez DJ, Sandel G, Jain P. Co-Infection and Cancer: Host–Pathogen Interaction between Dendritic Cells and HIV-1, HTLV-1, and Other Oncogenic Viruses. Viruses 2022; 14:v14092037. [PMID: 36146843 PMCID: PMC9503663 DOI: 10.3390/v14092037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) function as a link between innate and adaptive immune responses. Retroviruses HIV-1 and HTLV-1 modulate DCs to their advantage and utilize them to propagate infection. Coinfection of HTLV-1 and HIV-1 has implications for cancer malignancies. Both viruses initially infect DCs and propagate the infection to CD4+ T cells through cell-to-cell transmission using mechanisms including the formation of virologic synapses, viral biofilms, and conduits. These retroviruses are both neurotrophic with neurovirulence determinants. The neuropathogenesis of HIV-1 and HTLV-1 results in neurodegenerative diseases such as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Infected DCs are known to traffic to the brain (CNS) and periphery (PNS, lymphatics) to induce neurodegeneration in HAND and HAM/TSP patients. Elevated levels of neuroinflammation have been correlated with cognitive decline and impairment of motor control performance. Current vaccinations and therapeutics for HIV-1 and HTLV-1 are assessed and can be applied to patients with HIV-1-associated cancers and adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). These diseases caused by co-infections can result in both neurodegeneration and cancer. There are associations with cancer malignancies and HIV-1 and HTLV-1 as well as other human oncogenic viruses (EBV, HBV, HCV, HDV, and HPV). This review contains current knowledge on DC sensing of HIV-1 and HTLV-1 including DC-SIGN, Tat, Tax, and current viral therapies. An overview of DC interaction with oncogenic viruses including EBV, Hepatitis viruses, and HPV is also provided. Vaccines and therapeutics targeting host–pathogen interactions can provide a solution to co-infections, neurodegeneration, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania H. Mulherkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University, College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Daniel Joseph Gómez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University, College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, 25800 Carlos Bee Blvd, Hayward, CA 94542, USA
| | - Grace Sandel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University, College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Pooja Jain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University, College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
- Correspondence:
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Are Viral Infections Key Inducers of Autoimmune Diseases? Focus on Epstein–Barr Virus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091900. [PMID: 36146707 PMCID: PMC9506567 DOI: 10.3390/v14091900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that certain viral infections can trigger the development of autoimmune diseases. However, the exact mechanisms by which these viruses induce autoimmunity are still not understood. In this review, we first describe hypothetical mechanisms by which viruses induce some representative autoimmune diseases. Then, we focus on Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and discuss its role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The discussion is mainly based on our own previous findings that (A) EBV DNA and its products EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER) and latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) are present in the synovial lesions of RA, (B) mRNA expression of the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule-associated protein (SAP)/SH2D1A gene that plays a critical role in cellular immune responses to EBV is reduced in the peripheral T cells of patients with RA, and (C) EBV infection of mice reconstituted with human immune system components (humanized mice) induced erosive arthritis that is pathologically similar to RA. Additionally, environmental factors may contribute to EBV reactivation as follows: Porphyromonas gingivalis peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD), an enzyme required for citrullination, engenders antigens leading to the production of citrullinated peptides both in the gingiva and synovium. Anti-citrullinated peptides autoantibody is an important marker for diagnosis and disease activity of RA. These findings, as well as various results obtained by other researchers, strongly suggest that EBV is directly involved in the pathogenesis of RA, a typical autoimmune disease.
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Sajjadi S, Hejazi S, Ravanshad S, Jafarzadeh Esfehani R. Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 and novel coronavirus disease 2019; More complex than just a simple coinfection. Gene X 2022; 834:146550. [PMID: 35569772 PMCID: PMC9098513 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) significantly affected many people worldwide, especially those with underlying diseases. While some people with underlying illnesses, including cardiovascular diseases, are more vulnerable to develop severe COVID-19, other populations, including people who have autoimmune diseases, may develop severe diseases similar to the general population. The severity and outcome of COVID-19 are reviewed in individuals with underlying viral diseases, including acquired immune deficiency syndrome and hepatitis, however, some infectious diseases, including human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) diseases, is under-reported in the literature. HTLV-1 is a sexually transmitted disease that is endemic in some parts of the world. Infected patients may develop clinical symptoms of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy / tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and adult T cell leukemia (ATL) or may remain asymptomatic during their life. To the best of our knowledge, no clinical studies evaluate the severity and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in HTLV-1 infected patients. We aimed to review the pathogenesis of both of these viral infections and discuss their similarities in provoking immune responses. Although HTLV-1 infected patients may have had variable degrees of inflammation and immune system dysregulation, the available data is limited to conclude that HTLV-1 infected patients may be more vulnerable to developing severe COVID-19 in contrast to the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Sajjadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sepideh Hejazi
- Lung Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Sahar Ravanshad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Jafarzadeh Esfehani
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
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Fu Q, Zhang H, Li Y, Zhang P, Gao C, Li J, Li X, Cao M, Li C. Transcriptomic characterization of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) head kidney following administration of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. masoucida vaccine. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 126:150-163. [PMID: 35580798 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Atlantic salmon is one of the most famous and economically important fish species globally. However, bacterial diseases constantly constrain salmon aquaculture. Thereinto, Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. masoucida (ASM), classified as atypical A. salmonicida, caused huge losses to salmonid industry in China. In this regard, we conducted transcriptome analysis in Atlantic salmon head kidney following the administration of ASM vaccination to reveal genes, their expression patterns, and pathways involved in immune responses. A total of 448.71 million clean reads were obtained, and 397.69 million reads were mapped onto the Atlantic salmon reference genome. In addition, 117, 1891, 741, 207, and 377 genes were significantly up-regulated, and 183, 1920, 695, 83, and 539 genes were significantly down-regulated post ASM vaccination at 12 h, 24 h, 1 m, 2 m, and 3 m, respectively. Furthermore, KEGG pathway analysis revealed that many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) following ASM vaccination were involved in cell adhesion molecules (H2-Aa-l and CD28-l),cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction (IL10, CXCL9, CXCL11, CXCR3, and CCL19), herpes simplex infection (IL1B, SOCS3-l, and C3-l), HTLV-I infection (Il1r2 and BCL2L1), influenza A (CXCL8 and Il12b), and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway (PIK3R3-l and Ddit4-l). Finally, the results of qRT-PCR showed a significant correlation with RNA-Seq results, suggesting the reliability of RNA-Seq for gene expression analysis. This study sets the foundation for further study on the vaccine protective mechanism in Atlantic salmon as well as other teleost species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chengbin Gao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xingchun Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Min Cao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Association of the p75NTR Ser205Leu Polymorphism with Asymptomatic HTLV-1 Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061175. [PMID: 35746645 PMCID: PMC9230641 DOI: 10.3390/v14061175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variations in components of the immune response seem to be an important factor that contributes to the manifestation of symptoms of some diseases related to HTLV-1 infection. Nerve growth factor (NGF) and the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) are related to the maintenance of neurons and the activation of the immune response. In this study, we evaluated the association of the NGF -198C/T, NGF Ala35Val, and p75NTR Ser205Leu polymorphisms with HTLV-1 infection and plasma cytokine levels in 166 samples from individuals infected with HTLV-1 (59 symptomatic and 107 asymptomatic). The genotyping and quantification of the proviral load were performed by real-time PCR, and cytokine levels were measured by ELISA. The NGF -198C/T and NGF Ala35Val polymorphisms were not associated with HTLV-1 infection. The frequency of the Ser/Leu genotype of p75NTR Ser205Leu was more frequent in the control group (p = 0.0385), and the Ser/Leu genotype and allele Leu were more frequent among the asymptomatic (p < 0.05), especially with respect to the HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM) group (p < 0.05). The symptomatic showed a higher proviral load and higher TNF-α and IL-10 levels (p < 0.05). Asymptomatic carriers of the Ser/Leu genotype (p = 0.0797) had lower levels of proviral load and higher levels of TNF-α (p = 0.0507). Based on the results obtained, we conclude that the p75NTR Ser205Leu polymorphism may be associated with reduced susceptibility to HTLV-1 infection, a lower risk of developing symptoms, including HAM, and better infection control.
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21
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Jahantigh H, Ahmadi N, Lovreglio P, Stufano A, Enayatkhani M, Shahbazi B, Ahmadi K. Repurposing antiviral drugs against HTLV-1 protease by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-10. [PMID: 35612907 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2078411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1) belongs to the delta retrovirus family and the etiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL(. While the current HTLV-1 therapy, relies on using Zidovudine plus IFN-γ, there is no FDA approved drugs against it. In silico drug repurposing is a fast and accurate way for screening US-FDA approved drugs to find a therapeutic option for the HTLV-1 infection. So that, this research aims to analyze a dataset of approved antiviral drugs as a potential prospect for an anti-viral drug against HTLV-1 infection. Molecular docking simulation was performed to identify interactions of the antiviral drugs with the key residues in the HTLV-1 protease binding site. Then, molecular dynamics simulation was also performed for the potential protein-ligand complexes to confirm the stable behavior of the ligands inside the binding pocket. The best docking scores with the target was found to be Simeprevir, Atazanavir, and Saquinavir compounds which indicate that these drugs can firmly bind to the HTLV-1 protease. The MD simulation confirmed the stability of Simeprevir-protease, Atazanavir-Protease, and Saquinavir-Protease interactions. Clearly, these compounds should be further evaluated in experimental assays and clinical trials to confirm their actual activity against HTLV-1 infection.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Jahantigh
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine - Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.,Animal Health and Zoonosis PhD Course, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Nahid Ahmadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Piero Lovreglio
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine - Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Stufano
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine - Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Maryam Enayatkhani
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Shahbazi
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Ahmadi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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22
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Yaghoubi N, Youssefi M, Rafat Panah H, Jarahi L, Zahedi Avval F. Evaluation of antioxidant status and oxidative stress markers in HTLV-1 infected individuals: correlation with the severity of virus-induced complications. J Med Microbiol 2022; 71. [PMID: 35442185 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), a well-known member of the retroviridae family, potentially causes serious outcomes including adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM-TSP). Oxidative stress plays a key role in progression and clinical exacerbation of several chronic infections. We have previously shown a reduction in serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) during HTLV-1 infection and this study was set out to investigate the reasons for TAC reduction.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Oxidant/antioxidant imbalance during HTLV-1 infection may result from disruptions in oxidant levels or antioxidant defence system.Aim. This study aimed to analyse the key enzymes and oxidant molecules playing important roles in virus-induced oxidative stress.Methodology. We measured serum activities of the major antioxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) as well as serum concentrations of the main oxidant markers: nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Totally 40 HTLV-1 infected patients and 40 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The patient group consisted of chronic carriers and patients with HAM-TSP (N=20).Results. The current study found that serum levels of MDA and NO were significantly higher in patient groups particularly in HAM-TSP patients (P<0.05). In addition, a reductive trend was observed in the serum activities of CAT, SOD, and GPX in HTLV-1 infected patients compared with healthy controls (P<0.05).Conclusion. Reduced activities of CAT, SOD, and GPX antioxidant enzymes along with the observed elevated concentrations of oxidant molecules may contribute to oxidative stress and worse outcomes during HTLV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Yaghoubi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoud Youssefi
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hooshang Rafat Panah
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Lida Jarahi
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farnaz Zahedi Avval
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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23
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Sohraby F, Aryapour H. Reconstruction of the binding pathway of an anti-HIV drug, Indinavir, in complex with the HTLV-1 protease using unaggregated unbiased molecular dynamics simulation. Comput Biol Chem 2021; 96:107616. [PMID: 34883394 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2021.107616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Retroviruses are a growing concern for the health of human beings, and one of the dangerous members of this family is the Human T-cell Leukemia Virus 1 (HTLV-1) virus. It has affected more than 20 million people so far, and since there are no registered treatments against it yet, urgent treatment solutions are needed. One of the most promising drug targets to fight this virus is the protease enzyme of the virus's protein machinery. In this study, by utilizing a computational method called Unaggregated Unbiased Molecular Dynamics (UUMD), we reconstructed the binding pathway of a HTLV-1 protease inhibitor, Indinavir, to find the details of the binding pathway, the influential residues, and also the stable states of the binding pathway. We achieved the native conformation of the inhibitor in 6 rounds, 360 replicas by performing over 4 micro-seconds of UMD simulations. We found 3 Intermediate states between the solvated state and the native conformation state in the binding pathway. We also discovered that aromatic residues such as Trp98 and Trp98', catalytic residues Asp32 and Asp32', and the flap region's residues have the most influential roles in the binding pathway and also have the most contribution to the total interaction energies. We believe that the details found in this study would be a great guide for developing new treatment solutions against the HTLV-1 virus by inhibiting the HTLV-1 protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzin Sohraby
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hassan Aryapour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran.
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24
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Zarei Ghobadi M, Mozhgani SH, Erfani Y. Identification of dysregulated pathways underlying HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis through co-expression network analysis. J Neurovirol 2021; 27:820-830. [PMID: 33405203 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-020-00919-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human T cell lymphotropic virus-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a pathogen-caused disease which is associated with the progressive neurological disorder. HAM/TSP affects the expression level of several proteins and dysregulates some biological pathways. To identify the interaction patterns among expressed genes in HAM/TSP patients, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied. Three microarray datasets regarding HAM/TSP were merged, and the co-expression network was constructed among genes. A total of 38 modules were identified. Three preserved modules in HAM/TSP in comparison to the healthy subjects which also had the most connected proteins and enriched in the biological pathways were selected. These modules were enriched in pathways related to immune systems, cell cycle, viral infection, and neuronal systems. Moreover, the involvement of novel immunological-related proteins including C1QB, GBP5, PSME1, SERPING1, and UBE2C; neurological-related proteins including TUBA4A, TUBB8, and TP63; and also proteins including TRPC6, PRKG2, OPRD1, PRKACA, and TUBB4A involved in the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, thyroid hormone synthesis, and recruitment of mitotic centrosome proteins and complexes were found. Therefore, tracing these proteins and the identified modules can shed light on the pathogenesis mechanism of HAM/TSP and help to find potential therapeutic targets. However, further experimental validation should be performed to confirm the proposed functional players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Zarei Ghobadi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Yousef Erfani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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25
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Dysregulation of immune gene expression profiles during HTLV-1 infection. Meta Gene 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.100944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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26
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Hypovitaminosis D Is Associated with Higher Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines and with HAM/TSP in HTLV-Infected Patients. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112223. [PMID: 34835029 PMCID: PMC8623239 DOI: 10.3390/v13112223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown the effects of vitamin D on host response to infectious diseases. Some studies detected a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in HIV-infected patients, but scarce information exists for HTLV-1 infection. We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate the frequency of hypovitaminosis D in HTLV-1 patients and its relationship with their immune response in HTLV-infected patients and in age- and gender-matched controls at a Brazilian rehabilitation hospital. We compared vitamin D, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumoral necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels across groups. Logistic regression was utilized to assess the association between hypovitaminosis D and cytokine levels. We enrolled 161 HTLV-infected subjects (129 HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) patients, 32 asymptomatic HTLV carriers) and equal number of HTLV-negative controls. We observed a significantly higher prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in patients with HAM/TSP than in HTLV asymptomatic carriers (p < 0.001), or controls (p < 0.001). HAM/TSP patients also had higher levels of IL-6 and IFN-γ than asymptomatic carriers. Patients with HAM/TSP and hypovitaminosis D had higher levels of TNF-α than asymptomatic HTLV carriers. These findings suggest hypovitaminosis D plays a role in HAM/TSP pathogenesis, and it needs to be evaluated in further studies.
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27
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Sohraby F, Aryapour H. Comparative analysis of the unbinding pathways of antiviral drug Indinavir from HIV and HTLV1 proteases by supervised molecular dynamics simulation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257916. [PMID: 34570822 PMCID: PMC8476009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the unbinding pathways of potential small molecule compounds from their target proteins is of great significance for designing efficacious treatment solutions. One of these potential compounds is the approved HIV-1 protease inhibitor, Indinavir, which has a weak effect on the HTLV-1 protease. In this work, by employing the SuMD method, we reconstructed the unbinding pathways of Indinavir from HIV and HTLV-1 proteases to compare and understand the mechanism of the unbinding and to discover the reasons for the lack of inhibitory activity of Indinavir against the HTLV-1 protease. We achieved multiple unbinding events from both HIV and HTLV-1 proteases in which the RMSD values of Indinavir reached over 40 Å. Also, we found that the mobility and fluctuations of the flap region are higher in the HTLV-1 protease, making the drug less stable. We realized that critically positioned aromatic residues such as Trp98/Trp98' and Phe67/Phe67' in the HTLV-1 protease could make strong π-Stacking interactions with Indinavir in the unbinding pathway, which are unfavorable for the stability of Indinavir in the active site. The details found in this study can make a reasonable explanation for the lack of inhibitory activity of this drug against HTLV-1 protease. We believe the details discovered in this work can help design more effective and selective inhibitors for the HTLV-1 protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzin Sohraby
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hassan Aryapour
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
- * E-mail:
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28
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Zarei Ghobadi M, Emamzadeh R, Teymoori-Rad M, Mozhgani SH. Decoding pathogenesis factors involved in the progression of ATLL or HAM/TSP after infection by HTLV-1 through a systems virology study. Virol J 2021; 18:175. [PMID: 34446027 PMCID: PMC8393454 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01643-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type-1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that causes two diseases including Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL cancer) and HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP, a neurodegenerative disease) after a long latency period as an asymptomatic carrier (AC). There are no obvious explanations about how each of the mentioned diseases develops in the AC carriers. Finding the discriminative molecular factors and pathways may clarify the destiny of the infection. Methods To shed light on the involved molecular players and activated pathways in each state, differentially co-expressed modules (DiffCoEx) algorithm was employed to identify the highly correlated genes which were co-expressed differently between normal and ACs, ACs and ATLL, as well as ACs and HAM/TSP samples. Through differential pathway analysis, the dysregulated pathways and the specific disease-genes-pathways were figured out. Moreover, the common genes between the member of DiffCoEx and differentially expressed genes were found and the specific genes in ATLL and HAM/TSP were introduced as possible biomarkers. Results The dysregulated genes in the ATLL were mostly enriched in immune and cancer-related pathways while the ones in the HAM/TSP were enriched in immune, inflammation, and neurological pathways. The differential pathway analysis clarified the differences between the gene players in the common activated pathways. Eventually, the final analysis revealed the involvement of specific dysregulated genes including KIRREL2, RAB36, and KANK1 in HAM/TSP as well as LTB4R2, HCN4, FZD9, GRIK5, CREB3L4, TACR2, FRMD1, LHB, FGF3, TEAD3, GRIN2D, GNRH2, PRLH, GPR156, and CRHR2 in ATLL. Conclusion The identified potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets are proposed as the most important platers in developing ATLL or HAM/TSP. Moreover, the proposed signaling network clarifies the differences between the functional players in the activated pathways in ACs, ATLL, and HAM/TSP. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12985-021-01643-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Zarei Ghobadi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rahman Emamzadeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Majid Teymoori-Rad
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Non‑Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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29
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Lucchese G, Jahantigh HR, De Benedictis L, Lovreglio P, Stufano A. An Epitope Platform for Safe and Effective HTLV-1-Immunization: Potential Applications for mRNA and Peptide-Based Vaccines. Viruses 2021; 13:1461. [PMID: 34452327 PMCID: PMC8402675 DOI: 10.3390/v13081461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection affects millions of individuals worldwide and can lead to severe leukemia, myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis, and numerous other disorders. Pursuing a safe and effective immunotherapeutic approach, we compared the viral polyprotein and the human proteome with a sliding window approach in order to identify oligopeptide sequences unique to the virus. The immunological relevance of the viral unique oligopeptides was assessed by searching them in the immune epitope database (IEDB). We found that HTLV-1 has 15 peptide stretches each consisting of uniquely viral non-human pentapeptides which are ideal candidate for a safe and effective anti-HTLV-1 vaccine. Indeed, experimentally validated HTLV-1 epitopes, as retrieved from the IEDB, contain peptide sequences also present in a vast number of human proteins, thus potentially instituting the basis for cross-reactions. We found a potential for cross-reactivity between the virus and the human proteome and described an epitope platform to be used in order to avoid it, thus obtaining effective, specific, and safe immunization. Potential advantages for mRNA and peptide-based vaccine formulations are discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Databases, Genetic
- Epitope Mapping
- Epitopes/chemistry
- Epitopes/genetics
- Epitopes/immunology
- HTLV-I Infections/immunology
- HTLV-I Infections/prevention & control
- HTLV-I Infections/virology
- Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/chemistry
- Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/genetics
- Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/immunology
- Humans
- Immunization
- RNA, Messenger/chemistry
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/chemistry
- Vaccines, Subunit/genetics
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/chemistry
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/chemistry
- Viral Vaccines/genetics
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
- mRNA Vaccines/chemistry
- mRNA Vaccines/genetics
- mRNA Vaccines/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Lucchese
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hamid Reza Jahantigh
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (H.R.J.); (L.D.B.); (P.L.); (A.S.)
- Animal Health and Zoonosis Doctoral Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Leonarda De Benedictis
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (H.R.J.); (L.D.B.); (P.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Piero Lovreglio
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (H.R.J.); (L.D.B.); (P.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Angela Stufano
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (H.R.J.); (L.D.B.); (P.L.); (A.S.)
- Animal Health and Zoonosis Doctoral Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy
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Mizuma A, Enokida K, Nagata E, Takizawa S. Cerebellitis in a human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 carrier: a case report. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/6/e241366. [PMID: 34099448 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-241366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is a retrovirus associated with adult T-cell lymphoma (ATL) and HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). In addition to HAM/TSP and ATL, HTLV-I-associated encephalopathy and cerebellar involvement have been reported. We report a case of an 87-year-old Japanese woman presenting with progressive dysarthria and gait disturbance. Neurological examination showed word-finding difficulty, scanning speech, saccadic eye movements, ocular dysmetria, gaze-evoked nystagmus and bilateral dysmetria. There was no motor weakness or spasticity. HTLV-I antibody was detected in both her serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Cerebrospinal fluid neopterin (57 pg/mL) and IgG index (3.27) were significantly elevated. MRI showed cerebellar swelling. She was finally diagnosed with HTLV-I associated cerebellitis. Two courses of high-dose intravenous methylpredonine therapy attenuated cerebellar ataxia and cerebellar swelling. It suggests that cerebellitis can result from HTLV-I infection, regardless of the existence of ATL or HAM/TSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Mizuma
- Department of Neurology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kumiko Enokida
- Department of Neurology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Nagata
- Department of Neurology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shunya Takizawa
- Department of Neurology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
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31
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Lymphopenia, Lymphopenia-Induced Proliferation, and Autoimmunity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084152. [PMID: 33923792 PMCID: PMC8073364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune homeostasis is a tightly regulated system that is critical for defense against invasion by foreign pathogens and protection from self-reactivity for the survival of an individual. How the defects in this system might result in autoimmunity is discussed in this review. Reduced lymphocyte number, termed lymphopenia, can mediate lymphopenia-induced proliferation (LIP) to maintain peripheral lymphocyte numbers. LIP not only occurs in normal physiological conditions but also correlates with autoimmunity. Of note, lymphopenia is also a typical marker of immune aging, consistent with the fact that not only the autoimmunity increases in the elderly, but also autoimmune diseases (ADs) show characteristics of immune aging. Here, we discuss the types and rates of LIP in normal and autoimmune conditions, as well as the coronavirus disease 2019 in the context of LIP. Importantly, although the causative role of LIP has been demonstrated in the development of type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, a two-hit model has suggested that the factors other than lymphopenia are required to mediate the loss of control over homeostasis to result in ADs. Interestingly, these factors may be, if not totally, related to the function/number of regulatory T cells which are key modulators to protect from self-reactivity. In this review, we summarize the important roles of lymphopenia/LIP and the Treg cells in various autoimmune conditions, thereby highlighting them as key therapeutic targets for autoimmunity treatments.
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32
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Diarrassouba A. [Immunity and tubular dysfunction in case of systemic disease]. Nephrol Ther 2021; 17:149-159. [PMID: 33753012 DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The immune renal tubular diseases are known since five decades, but their prevalence remains to be defined. They are caused by humoral and cellular effectors of innate and adaptative immunities on several targets of the renal tubule: protein channels, co or counter transporters, luminal or cytosolic enzymes, tight junctions. Genetic or epigenetic variations are also involved. Clinical manifestations are various and make the diagnosis difficult. They can precede the causal affection and they worsen the prognosis. The classical model consists in hypokalemic tubular distal acidosis observed in Sjögren's syndrome which illustrates the auto-immune epithelitis concept. Cellular immunity can act through other ways, like tertiary lymphoid neogenesis in systemic lupus. Humoral immunity through autoantibodies targets several membrane, cytosolic or nuclear proteins, causing specific tubular dysfonctions. It is also implied in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of tubular cells. Innate immunity through cytokines may be involved. Treatment consists in electrolytic disorders correction and immunosupppressive medication: the choice should be guided at best by physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assétou Diarrassouba
- Service néphrologie-médecine A, Centre hospitalier de Verdun, 2, rue d'Anthouard, 55107 Verdun, France.
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33
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Wyżewski Z, Świtlik W, Mielcarska MB, Gregorczyk-Zboroch KP. The Role of Bcl-xL Protein in Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041956. [PMID: 33669408 PMCID: PMC7920434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bcl-xL represents a family of proteins responsible for the regulation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Due to its anti-apoptotic activity, Bcl-xL co-determines the viability of various virally infected cells. Their survival may determine the effectiveness of viral replication and spread, dynamics of systemic infection, and viral pathogenesis. In this paper, we have reviewed the role of Bcl-xL in the context of host infection by eight different RNA and DNA viruses: hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza A virus (IAV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human T-lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1), Maraba virus (MRBV), Schmallenberg virus (SBV) and coronavirus (CoV). We have described an influence of viral infection on the intracellular level of Bcl-xL and discussed the impact of Bcl-xL-dependent cell survival control on infection-accompanying pathogenic events such as tissue damage or oncogenesis. We have also presented anti-viral treatment strategies based on the pharmacological regulation of Bcl-xL expression or activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Wyżewski
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48 728-208-338
| | - Weronika Świtlik
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Matylda Barbara Mielcarska
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.M.); (K.P.G.-Z.)
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34
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Parker W, Sarafian JT, Broverman SA, Laman JD. Between a hygiene rock and a hygienic hard place: Avoiding SARS-CoV-2 while needing environmental exposures for immunity. Evol Med Public Health 2021; 9:120-130. [PMID: 33732461 PMCID: PMC7928958 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoab006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Suboptimal understanding of concepts related to hygiene by the general public, clinicians and researchers is a persistent problem in health and medicine. Although hygiene is necessary to slow or prevent deadly pandemics of infectious disease such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), hygiene can have unwanted effects. In particular, some aspects of hygiene cause a loss of biodiversity from the human body, characterized by the almost complete removal of intestinal worms (helminths) and protists. Research spanning more than half a century documents that this loss of biodiversity results in an increased propensity for autoimmune disease, allergic disorders, probably neuropsychiatric problems and adverse reactions to infectious agents. The differences in immune function between communities with and communities without helminths have become so pronounced that the reduced lethality of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in low-income countries compared to high-income countries was predicted early in the COVID-19 pandemic. This prediction, based on the maladaptive immune responses observed in many cases of COVID-19 in high-income countries, is now supported by emerging data from low-income countries. Herein, hygiene is subdivided into components involving personal choice versus components instituted by community wide systems such as sewage treatment facilities and water treatment plants. The different effects of personal hygiene and systems hygiene are described, and appropriate measures to alleviate the adverse effects of hygiene without losing the benefits of hygiene are discussed. Finally, text boxes are provided to function as stand-alone, public-domain handouts with the goal of informing the public about hygiene and suggesting solutions for biomedical researchers and policy makers. Lay Summary: Hygiene related to sewer systems and other technology can have adverse effects on immune function, and is distinct from personal hygiene practices such as hand washing and social distancing. Dealing with the drawbacks of hygiene must be undertaken without compromising the protection from infectious disease imposed by hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Parker
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joshua T Sarafian
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sherryl A Broverman
- Department of Biology and the Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jon D Laman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Viral Infections and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: New Players in an Old Story. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020277. [PMID: 33670195 PMCID: PMC7916951 DOI: 10.3390/v13020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A causal link between viral infections and autoimmunity has been studied for a long time and the role of some viruses in the induction or exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in genetically predisposed patients has been proved. The strength of the association between different viral agents and SLE is variable. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), parvovirus B19 (B19V), and human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are involved in SLE pathogenesis, whereas other viruses such as Cytomegalovirus (CMV) probably play a less prominent role. However, the mechanisms of viral-host interactions and the impact of viruses on disease course have yet to be elucidated. In addition to classical mechanisms of viral-triggered autoimmunity, such as molecular mimicry and epitope spreading, there has been a growing appreciation of the role of direct activation of innate response by viral nucleic acids and epigenetic modulation of interferon-related immune response. The latter is especially important for HERVs, which may represent the molecular link between environmental triggers and critical immune genes. Virus-specific proteins modulating interaction with the host immune system have been characterized especially for Epstein-Barr virus and explain immune evasion, persistent infection and self-reactive B-cell "immortalization". Knowledge has also been expanding on key viral proteins of B19-V and CMV and their possible association with specific phenotypes such as antiphospholipid syndrome. This progress may pave the way to new therapeutic perspectives, including the use of known or new antiviral drugs, postviral immune response modulation and innate immunity inhibition. We herein describe the state-of-the-art knowledge on the role of viral infections in SLE, with a focus on their mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic targets.
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Motoa G, Powers HR, Brumble LM. Disseminated cryptococcosis in a patient with newly diagnosed HTLV-1 infection. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/1/e235794. [PMID: 33509855 PMCID: PMC7845708 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-235794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection by human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) is often seen as the cause of chronic infection or lymphoproliferative disorders, but many clinicians do not recognise its association with severe immunosuppression. We report the case of a woman in her 70s from the Caribbean who sought care at the emergency department for weakness, fatigue and weight loss. Further work-up showed atypical lymphocytosis with floral lymphocytes and smudge cells in the peripheral blood smear and hypercalcaemia. Chest CT demonstrated a moderate right pleural effusion. Results of HIV testing were negative, and screening and confirmatory tests for HTLV-1 were positive. Empiric antibiotic therapy was administered, and the patient was discharged home. Five days later, she was readmitted with shortness of breath and severe abdominal pain. A disseminated infection with Cryptococcus neoformans was diagnosed. Despite aggressive intravenous antifungal therapy, the patient died on day 7 of hospitalisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Motoa
- Division Of Allery and Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Harry Ross Powers
- Divsion Of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Lisa M Brumble
- Divsion Of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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Li J, Mo C, Guo Y, Zhang B, Feng X, Si Q, Wu X, Zhao Z, Gong L, He D, Shao J. Roles of peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 in disease pathogenesis. Theranostics 2021; 11:3348-3358. [PMID: 33537091 PMCID: PMC7847688 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pin1 belongs to the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases (PPIases) superfamily and catalyzes the cis-trans conversion of proline in target substrates to modulate diverse cellular functions including cell cycle progression, cell motility, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of Pin1 has wide-ranging influences on the fate of cells; therefore, it is closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge of Pin1 in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunfen Mo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifan Guo
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao Feng
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuyue Si
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Lixin Gong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jichun Shao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Oyelakin A, Horeth E, Song EAC, Min S, Che M, Marzullo B, Lessard CJ, Rasmussen A, Radfar L, Scofield RH, Lewis DM, Stone DU, Grundahl K, De Rossi SS, Kurago Z, Farris AD, Sivils KL, Sinha S, Kramer JM, Romano RA. Transcriptomic and Network Analysis of Minor Salivary Glands of Patients With Primary Sjögren's Syndrome. Front Immunol 2021; 11:606268. [PMID: 33488608 PMCID: PMC7821166 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.606268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized primarily by immune-mediated destruction of exocrine tissues, such as those of the salivary and lacrimal glands, resulting in the loss of saliva and tear production, respectively. This disease predominantly affects middle-aged women, often in an insidious manner with the accumulation of subtle changes in glandular function occurring over many years. Patients commonly suffer from pSS symptoms for years before receiving a diagnosis. Currently, there is no effective cure for pSS and treatment options and targeted therapy approaches are limited due to a lack of our overall understanding of the disease etiology and its underlying pathology. To better elucidate the underlying molecular nature of this disease, we have performed RNA-sequencing to generate a comprehensive global gene expression profile of minor salivary glands from an ethnically diverse cohort of patients with pSS. Gene expression analysis has identified a number of pathways and networks that are relevant in pSS pathogenesis. Moreover, our detailed integrative analysis has revealed a primary Sjögren’s syndrome molecular signature that may represent important players acting as potential drivers of this disease. Finally, we have established that the global transcriptomic changes in pSS are likely to be attributed not only to various immune cell types within the salivary gland but also epithelial cells which are likely playing a contributing role. Overall, our comprehensive studies provide a database-enriched framework and resource for the identification and examination of key pathways, mediators, and new biomarkers important in the pathogenesis of this disease with the long-term goals of facilitating earlier diagnosis of pSS and to mitigate or abrogate the progression of this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinsola Oyelakin
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Erich Horeth
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Eun-Ah Christine Song
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Sangwon Min
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Monika Che
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Brandon Marzullo
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Christopher J Lessard
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Astrid Rasmussen
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Lida Radfar
- College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - R Hal Scofield
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Department of Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - David M Lewis
- College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Donald U Stone
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Kiely Grundahl
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Scott S De Rossi
- Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Zoya Kurago
- Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - A Darise Farris
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Kathy L Sivils
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Satrajit Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jill M Kramer
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Rose-Anne Romano
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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Endo Y, Fukui S, Umekita K, Suzuki T, Miyamoto J, Morimoto S, Shimizu T, Koga T, Kawashiri SY, Iwamoto N, Ichinose K, Tamai M, Origuchi T, Okada A, Fujikawa K, Mizokami A, Matsuoka N, Aramaki T, Ueki Y, Eguchi K, Kariya Y, Hashiba Y, Hidaka T, Okayama A, Kawakami A, Nakamura H. Effectiveness and safety of non-tumor necrosis factor inhibitor therapy for anti-human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 antibody-positive rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2020; 31:972-978. [PMID: 33161771 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2020.1847802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our previous study showed that the effectiveness of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors was attenuated in anti-human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) antibody-positive patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of non-TNF inhibitors in anti-HTLV-1 antibody-positive patients with RA. METHODS We reviewed patients with RA who received abatacept or tocilizumab as the first biologic agent. We used the data of patients treated with TNF inhibitors from our previous study to compare the effectiveness between the anti-HTLV-1 antibody-positive patients treated with TNF inhibitors and non-TNF inhibitors using the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTW) method. RESULTS A total of 359 patients were divided into anti-HTLV-1 antibody-negative and -positive patients of 332 and 27, respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed in the change in the clinical disease activity index between the anti-HTLV-1 antibody-positive and -negative patients. The results using the IPTW method showed a significant association between the non-TNF inhibitors treatment and a better response. None of the patients developed adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma or HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis during the 24 weeks. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that non-TNF inhibitors treatment is safety, and the effectiveness is not attenuated also in anti-HTLV-1 antibody-positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushiro Endo
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shoichi Fukui
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Umekita
- Department of Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases, and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Miyazaki University, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Takahisa Suzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sasebo City General Hospital, Sasebo, Japan
| | - Junya Miyamoto
- Nagasaki University Hospital Clinical Research Center, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shimpei Morimoto
- Innovation Platform & Office for Precision Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Shimizu
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Koga
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shin-Ya Kawashiri
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Naoki Iwamoto
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Ichinose
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mami Tamai
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoki Origuchi
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akitomo Okada
- Department of Rheumatology, Japanese Red Cross Nagasaki Genbaku Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Keita Fujikawa
- Department of Rheumatology, Japan Community Healthcare Organization, Isahaya General Hospital, Isahaya, Japan
| | - Akinari Mizokami
- Department of Rheumatology, Japan Community Healthcare Organization, Isahaya General Hospital, Isahaya, Japan
| | - Naoki Matsuoka
- Nagasaki Medical Hospital of Rheumatology, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Yukitaka Ueki
- Department of Rheumatology, Sasebo Chuo Hospital, Sasebo, Japan
| | - Katsumi Eguchi
- Department of Rheumatology, Sasebo Chuo Hospital, Sasebo, Japan
| | - Yumi Kariya
- Department of Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases, and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Miyazaki University, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yayoi Hashiba
- Department of Rheumatology, Zenjinkai Shimin-no-Mori Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Hidaka
- Department of Rheumatology, Zenjinkai Shimin-no-Mori Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Akihiko Okayama
- Department of Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases, and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Miyazaki University, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakamura
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Kardani K, Basimi P, Fekri M, Bolhassani A. Antiviral therapy for the sexually transmitted viruses: recent updates on vaccine development. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2020; 13:1001-1046. [PMID: 32838584 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2020.1814743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The sexually transmitted infections (STIs) caused by viruses including human T cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1), human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), human simplex virus-2 (HSV-2), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and human papillomavirus (HPV) are major public health issues. These infections can cause cancer or result in long-term health problems. Due to high prevalence of STIs, a safe and effective vaccine is required to overcome these fatal viruses. AREAS COVERED This review includes a comprehensive overview of the literatures relevant to vaccine development against the sexually transmitted viruses (STVs) using PubMed and Sciencedirect electronic search engines. Herein, we discuss the efforts directed toward development of effective vaccines using different laboratory animal models including mice, guinea pig or non-human primates in preclinical trials, and human in clinical trials with different phases. EXPERT OPINION There is no effective FDA approved vaccine against the sexually transmitted viruses (STVs) except for HBV and HPV as prophylactic vaccines. Many attempts are underway to develop vaccines against these viruses. There are several approaches for improving prophylactic or therapeutic vaccines such as heterologous prime/boost immunization, delivery system, administration route, adjuvants, etc. In this line, further studies can be helpful for understanding the immunobiology of STVs in human. Moreover, development of more relevant animal models is a worthy goal to induce effective immune responses in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Kardani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran, Iran
| | - Parya Basimi
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrshad Fekri
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran, Iran
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Hirons A, Khoury G, Purcell DFJ. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1: a lifelong persistent infection, yet never truly silent. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 21:e2-e10. [PMID: 32986997 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30328-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) has a large global burden and in some key communities, such as Indigenous Australians living in remote areas, greater than 45% of people are infected. Despite HTLV-1 causing serious malignancy and myelopathic paraparesis, and a significant association with a range of inflammatory comorbidities and secondary infections that shorten lifespan, few biomedical interventions are available. HTLV-1 starkly contrasts with other blood-borne sexually transmitted viral infections, such as, HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus, with no antiviral treatments that reduce virus-infected cells, no rapid diagnostics or biomarker assays suitable for use in remote settings, and no effective vaccine. We review how the replication strategies and molecular properties of HTLV-1 establish a long-term stealthy viral pathogenesis through a fine-tuned balance of persistence, immune cell dysfunction, and proliferation of proviral infected cells that collectively present robust barriers to treatment and prevention. An understanding of the nature of the HTLV-1 provirus and opposing actions of viral-coded negative-sense HBZ and positive-sense regulatory proteins Tax, p12 and its cleaved product p8, and p30, is needed to improve the biomedical tools for preventing transmission and improving the long-term health of people with this lifelong infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Hirons
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Georges Khoury
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Damian F J Purcell
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Kawashiri SY, Tsuji Y, Tamai M, Nonaka F, Nobusue K, Yamanashi H, Maeda T, Kawakami A. Effects of cigarette smoking and human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 infection on anti-citrullinated peptide antibody production in Japanese community-dwelling adults: the Nagasaki Islands Study. Scand J Rheumatol 2020; 50:295-298. [PMID: 32959708 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2020.1810310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: We investigated whether the positivity of anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) is associated with cigarette-smoking status and human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection in a general population in Nagasaki, Japan, which is an ageing and HTLV-1-endemic area.Method: Baseline data from community-dwelling people in the Nagasaki Islands Study (NaIS) were included in this cross-sectional analysis. ACPA and HTLV-1 were measured in 3887 subjects without a history of treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. A logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between ACPA positivity and candidates of correlation with ACPA, i.e. the cigarette-smoking status quantified by Brinkman's index (BI) and HTLV-1 positivity.Results: Fifty-one subjects (1.3%) showed ACPA positivity, and 650 subjects (16.6%) were HTLV-1 carriers. In an age- and gender-adjusted logistic regression analysis, the BI [odds ratio (OR) 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI)1.02-1.14, p = 0.0031] and a BI value > 500 (OR 3.92, 95% CI 1.72-9.22, p = 0.0014) were each significantly associated with ACPA positivity. HTLV-1 positivity did not show any association with ACPA positivity.Conclusion: A significant effect of cigarette-smoking status on ACPA production was revealed, whereas HTLV-1 positivity was not associated with ACPA production in this general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-Y Kawashiri
- Department of Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Y Tsuji
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - M Tamai
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - F Nonaka
- Department of Island and Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - K Nobusue
- Department of Island and Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - H Yamanashi
- Department of Island and Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of General Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - T Maeda
- Department of Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Island and Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - A Kawakami
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Mejía-Mertel J, Gómez-Banoy N, Rojas-Hernández JP, Gotuzzo-Herencia E. Clinical profile of human T-lymphotropic virus type I: a forgotten infection in pediatrics. INFECTIO 2020. [DOI: 10.22354/in.v25i1.905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Ding Y, Ting JP, Liu J, Al-Azzam S, Pandya P, Afshar S. Impact of non-proteinogenic amino acids in the discovery and development of peptide therapeutics. Amino Acids 2020; 52:1207-1226. [PMID: 32945974 PMCID: PMC7544725 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02890-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With the development of modern chemistry and biology, non-proteinogenic amino acids (NPAAs) have become a powerful tool for developing peptide-based drug candidates. Drug-like properties of peptidic medicines, due to the smaller size and simpler structure compared to large proteins, can be changed fundamentally by introducing NPAAs in its sequence. While peptides composed of natural amino acids can be used as drug candidates, the majority have shown to be less stable in biological conditions. The impact of NPAA incorporation can be extremely beneficial in improving the stability, potency, permeability, and bioavailability of peptide-based therapies. Conversely, undesired effects such as toxicity or immunogenicity should also be considered. The impact of NPAAs in the development of peptide-based therapeutics is reviewed in this article. Further, numerous examples of peptides containing NPAAs are presented to highlight the ongoing development in peptide-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ding
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Joey Paolo Ting
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Jinsha Liu
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Shams Al-Azzam
- Professional Scientific Services, Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories, Lancaster, PA, 17605, USA
| | - Priyanka Pandya
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Sepideh Afshar
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
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Li X, Yang Y, Sun G, Dai W, Jie X, Du Y, Huang R, Zhang J. Promising targets and drugs in rheumatoid arthritis: a module-based and cumulatively scoring approach. Bone Joint Res 2020; 9:501-514. [PMID: 32922758 PMCID: PMC7468554 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.98.bjr-2019-0301.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systematic autoimmune disorder, characterized by synovial inflammation, bone and cartilage destruction, and disease involvement in multiple organs. Although numerous drugs are employed in RA treatment, some respond little and suffer from severe side effects. This study aimed to screen the candidate therapeutic targets and promising drugs in a novel method. METHODS We developed a module-based and cumulatively scoring approach that is a deeper-layer application of weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA) and connectivity map (CMap) based on the high-throughput datasets. RESULTS Four noteworthy RA-related modules were identified, revealing the immune- and infection-related biological processes and pathways involved in RA. HLA-DMA, HLA-DMB, HLA-DPA1, HLA-DPB1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRA, HLA-DRB1, BLNK, BTK, CD3D, CD4, IL2RG, INPP5D, LCK, PTPRC, RAC2, SYK, and VAV1 were recognized as the key hub genes with high connectivity in gene regulation networks and gene pathway networks. Moreover, the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the RA-related modules, such as FAM30A and NEAT1, were identified as the indispensable interactors with the hub genes. Finally, candidate drugs were screened by developing a cumulatively scoring approach based on the selected modules. Niclosamide and the other compounds of T-type calcium channel blocker, IKK inhibitor, and PKC activator, HIF activator, and proteasome inhibitor, which harbour the similar gene signature with niclosamide, were promising drugs with high specificity and broad coverage for the RA-related modules. CONCLUSION This study provides not only the promising targets and drugs for RA but also a novel methodological insight into the target and drug screening.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(8):501-514.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyan Li
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yejing Yang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Guili Sun
- Department of Nutriology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wanwu Dai
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xuri Jie
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yongjun Du
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Runjie Huang
- Second Clinical College, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Panova V, Attig J, Young GR, Stoye JP, Kassiotis G. Antibody-induced internalisation of retroviral envelope glycoproteins is a signal initiation event. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008605. [PMID: 32453763 PMCID: PMC7274472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
As obligate parasites, viruses highjack, modify and repurpose the cellular machinery for their own replication. Viral proteins have, therefore, evolved biological functions, such as signalling potential, that alter host cell physiology in ways that are still incompletely understood. Retroviral envelope glycoproteins interact with several host proteins, extracellularly with their cellular receptor and anti-envelope antibodies, and intracellularly with proteins of the cytoskeleton or sorting, endocytosis and recirculation pathways. Here, we examined the impact of endogenous retroviral envelope glycoprotein expression and interaction with host proteins, particularly antibodies, on the cell, independently of retroviral infection. We found that in the commonly used C57BL/6 substrains of mice, where murine leukaemia virus (MLV) envelope glycoproteins are expressed by several endogenous MLV proviruses, the highest expressed MLV envelope glycoprotein is under the control of an immune-responsive cellular promoter, thus linking MLV envelope glycoprotein expression with immune activation. We further showed that antibody ligation induces extensive internalisation from the plasma membrane into endocytic compartments of MLV envelope glycoproteins, which are not normally subject to constitutive endocytosis. Importantly, antibody binding and internalisation of MLV envelope glycoproteins initiates signalling cascades in envelope-expressing murine lymphocytic cell lines, leading to cellular activation. Similar effects were observed by MLV envelope glycoprotein ligation by its cellular receptor mCAT-1, and by overexpression in human lymphocytic cells, where it required an intact tyrosine-based YXXΦ motif in the envelope glycoprotein cytoplasmic tail. Together, these results suggest that signalling potential is a general property of retroviral envelope glycoproteins and, therefore, a target for intervention. The outcome of viral infection depends on the balance between host immunity and the ability of the virus to avoid, evade or subvert it. The envelope glycoproteins of diverse viruses, including retroviruses, are displayed on the surface of virions and of infected cells and thus constitute the major target of the host antibody response. Antibody responses are elicited not only against infectious viruses we acquire during our life-history, but also against the numerous retroviral envelopes encoded by our genome and acquired during our species’ life-history. In turn, viruses have evolved ways to reduce exposure of their envelope glycoproteins to the host immune system, including constitutive endocytosis or antibody-induced internalisation. Using murine leukaemia viruses as models of infectious and endogenous retroviruses, we show that antibody binding to retroviral envelopes induces extensive internalisation of the envelope-antibody complex and initiates signalling cascades, ultimately leading to transcriptional activation of envelope glycoprotein-expressing lymphocytes. We further show that expression of endogenous retroviral envelopes is coupled to physiological lymphocyte activation, integrating them with the immune response. These findings reveal an unexpected layer of interaction between the host antibody response and retroviral envelope glycoproteins, which could be considered immune receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veera Panova
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Attig
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, United Kingdom
| | - George R. Young
- Retrovirus-Host Interactions, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P. Stoye
- Retrovirus-Host Interactions, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - George Kassiotis
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Queiroz MAF, Amoras EDSG, Moura TCF, da Costa CA, de Sousa MS, Lima SS, Ishak R, Vallinoto ACR. The SAMHD1 rs6029941 (A/G) Polymorphism Seems to Influence the HTLV-1 Proviral Load and IFN-Alpha Levels. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:246. [PMID: 32656092 PMCID: PMC7326033 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
SAMHD1, a host dNTPase, acts as a retroviral restriction factor by degrading the pool of nucleotides available for the initial reverse transcription of retroviruses, including HTLV-1. Polymorphisms in the SAMDH1 gene may alter the enzymatic expression and influence the course of infection by the virus. The present study investigated the effect of polymorphisms on HTLV-1 infection susceptibility and on progression to disease in 108 individuals infected by HTLV-1 (47 symptomatic and 61 asymptomatic) and 100 individuals in a control group. SAMHD1 rs6029941 (G/A) genotyping and HTLV-1 proviral load measurements were performed using real-time PCR and plasma IFN-α was measured by ELISA. Polymorphism frequency was not associated with HTLV-1 infection susceptibility or with the presence of symptoms. The proviral load was significantly higher in symptomatic individuals with the G allele (p = 0.0143), which presented lower levels of IFN-α (p = 0.0383). SAMHD1 polymorphism is associated with increased proviral load and reduced levels of IFN-α in symptomatic patients, and may be a factor that contributes to the appearance of disease symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carlos Araújo da Costa
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Maisa Silva de Sousa
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Sandra Souza Lima
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ishak
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
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Zhang N, Jing X, Liu Y, Chen M, Zhu X, Jiang J, Wang H, Li X, Hao P. Interfering with retrotransposition by two types of CRISPR effectors: Cas12a and Cas13a. Cell Discov 2020; 6:30. [PMID: 32435507 PMCID: PMC7235257 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-020-0164-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CRISPRs are a promising tool being explored in combating exogenous retroviral pathogens and in disabling endogenous retroviruses for organ transplantation. The Cas12a and Cas13a systems offer novel mechanisms of CRISPR actions that have not been evaluated for retrovirus interference. Particularly, a latest study revealed that the activated Cas13a provided bacterial hosts with a "passive protection" mechanism to defend against DNA phage infection by inducing cell growth arrest in infected cells, which is especially significant as it endows Cas13a, a RNA-targeting CRISPR effector, with mount defense against both RNA and DNA invaders. Here, by refitting long terminal repeat retrotransposon Tf1 as a model system, which shares common features with retrovirus regarding their replication mechanism and life cycle, we repurposed CRISPR-Cas12a and -Cas13a to interfere with Tf1 retrotransposition, and evaluated their different mechanisms of action. Cas12a exhibited strong inhibition on retrotransposition, allowing marginal Tf1 transposition that was likely the result of a lasting pool of Tf1 RNA/cDNA intermediates protected within virus-like particles. The residual activities, however, were completely eliminated with new constructs for persistent crRNA targeting. On the other hand, targeting Cas13a to Tf1 RNA intermediates significantly inhibited Tf1 retrotransposition. However, unlike in bacterial hosts, the sustained activation of Cas13a by Tf1 transcripts did not cause cell growth arrest in S. pombe, indicating that virus-activated Cas13a likely acted differently in eukaryotic cells. The study gained insight into the actions of novel CRISPR mechanisms in combating retroviral pathogens, and established system parameters for developing new strategies in treatment of retrovirus-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niubing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475000 Kaifeng, Henan China
| | - Xinyun Jing
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yuanhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Minjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475000 Kaifeng, Henan China
| | - Xianfeng Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475000 Kaifeng, Henan China
| | - Jing Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475000 Kaifeng, Henan China
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Xuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Pei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
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Talotta R, Atzeni F, Laska MJ. Retroviruses in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus: Are they potential therapeutic targets? Autoimmunity 2020; 53:177-191. [PMID: 32321325 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2020.1755962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterised by the hyper-activation of immunologic pathways related to the antiviral response. Exogenous and endogenous retroviruses, by integrating their DNA templates in the host cell genome, may epigenetically control the transcription of genes involved in the immune response. Furthermore, their nucleic acids or neo-synthesized proteins could stimulate the sensor molecules placed upstream the inflammatory cascade. Exogenous retroviruses, like human immunodeficiency virus, have been associated to SLE-like manifestations or to a fair SLE diagnosis. In addition, there is some evidence confirming a pathogenic role of human endogenous retroviruses in SLE. In line with these data, the use of antiretroviral agents could represent an attractive opportunity in the future therapeutic algorithms of this disease, but studies are still missing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Talotta
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital "Gaetano Martino", Messina, Italy
| | - Fabiola Atzeni
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital "Gaetano Martino", Messina, Italy
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Khanmohammadi S, Shabani M, Tabary M, Rayzan E, Rezaei N. Lymphoma in the setting of autoimmune diseases: A review of association and mechanisms. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 150:102945. [PMID: 32353704 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.102945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune disorders are a spectrum of diseases caused by impaired self-tolerance of the immune system. Previous studies underscored the association between autoimmune disorders and lymphomas. However, only a few papers studied the exact mechanisms of this association. The effect of IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α, contribution of NOTCH, FAS and MHC receptor families, the interplay of various immune cells, and the relation of immunosuppressive agents and development of autoimmune disorders are the proposed mechanisms for this association. Each individual autoimmune disorder associates with particular types of lymphomas and their common pathways are not necessarily similar to other pairs of autoimmune disorder-lymphomas. Thus, the lymphomas susceptibility in various autoimmune disorders could not be investigated through a single pathway. In this review, we demonstrate the association between each pair of autoimmune disorder-lymphoma and the underlying pathways. By clarifying these associations, follow-up plans could be made leading to early diagnosis of lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi
- International Hematology/Oncology of Pediatrics Experts (IHOPE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsima Shabani
- International Hematology/Oncology of Pediatrics Experts (IHOPE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohammadreza Tabary
- International Hematology/Oncology of Pediatrics Experts (IHOPE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Rayzan
- International Hematology/Oncology of Pediatrics Experts (IHOPE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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