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Petrovsky N. Clinical development of SpikoGen®, an Advax-CpG55.2 adjuvanted recombinant spike protein vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2363016. [PMID: 38839044 PMCID: PMC11155708 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2363016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Recombinant protein vaccines represent a well-established, reliable and safe approach for pandemic vaccination. SpikoGen® is a recombinant spike protein trimer manufactured in insect cells and formulated with Advax-CpG55.2 adjuvant. In murine, hamster, ferret and non-human primate studies, SpikoGen® consistently provided protection against a range of SARS-CoV-2 variants. A pivotal Phase 3 placebo-controlled efficacy trial involving 16,876 participants confirmed the ability of SpikoGen® to prevent infection and severe disease caused by the virulent Delta strain. SpikoGen® subsequently received a marketing authorization from the Iranian FDA in early October 2021 for prevention of COVID-19 in adults. Following a successful pediatric study, its approval was extended to children 5 years and older. Eight million doses of SpikoGen® have been delivered, and a next-generation booster version is currently in development. This highlights the benefits of adjuvanted protein-based approaches which should not overlook when vaccine platforms are being selected for future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Petrovsky
- Research Department, Australian Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Institute Ltd, Adelaide, Australia
- Research Department, Vaxine Pty Ltd, Warradale, Australia
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2
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McLelland DJ, Lynch M, Vogelnest L, Eden P, Wallace A, Weller J, Young S, Vaughan-Higgins R, Antipov A, Honda-Okubo Y, Petrovsky N. Safety and immunogenicity of an adjuvanted recombinant spike protein-based severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine, SpikeVet™, in selected Carnivora, Primates and Artiodactyla in Australian zoos. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2024; 47:308-321. [PMID: 38345094 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can infect a broad range of animal species and has been associated with severe disease in some taxa. Few studies have evaluated optimal strategies to mitigate the risk to susceptible zoo animals. This study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a protein-based veterinary SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (SpikeVet™) in zoo animals. Two to three doses of SpikeVet™ were administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously 3-4 weeks apart to 354 zoo animals representing 38 species. SpikeVet™ was very well tolerated across all species. Minor adverse effects were observed in 1.69% of animals vaccinated, or 1.04% of vaccine doses administered. Preliminary immunogenicity analyses in representative carnivores (meerkats, lions) and an artiodactylid (domestic goat) showed SpikeVet™-immunized animals developed serum antibodies able to neutralize a range of SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the vaccine-homologous Wuhan and Mu variants, as well as vaccine-heterologous Omicron BA.2 and XBB.1 strains. Prior to vaccination, all eight lions were seropositive for Wuhan strain by surrogate viral neutralization testing, suggesting past infection with SARS-CoV-2 or cross-reactive antibodies generated by another closely related coronavirus. These results from a range of zoo species support the ongoing development of SpikeVet™ as a safe and effective veterinary SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J McLelland
- Zoos South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Zoo and Aquarium Association, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Paul Eden
- Werribee Open Range Zoo, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alisa Wallace
- Taronga Western Plains Zoo, Dubbo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jayne Weller
- National Zoo and Aquarium, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Sam Young
- Australia Zoo, Beerwah, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Anna Antipov
- Vaxine Pty Ltd, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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3
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Dao TL, Nguyen TK, Nguyen XB, Le KD, Duong KL, Bui DM, Nguyen Le CA, Hoang VT. Urinary incontinence after COVID-19 vaccination: a case study in an 8-year-old boy. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2024; 13:259-262. [PMID: 39144124 PMCID: PMC11319116 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2024.13.3.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
There have been many studies on the adverse effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines but the urinary incontinence after COVID-19 vaccination is rare. Here, we report an 8-year-old boy presented to outpatient department, Thai Binh University of Medicine Hospital, Thai Binh, Vietnam with complaints of urinary incontinence for the past 2 weeks, following the first dose of the messenger RNA vaccine. He had no other abnormalities in clinical and laboratory exams. This clinical situation suggested vaccine side effects. No specific treatment was administered upon diagnosis without toilet and bladder training. Subsequent monitoring revealed a gradual reduction in symptoms over 2 months, with complete recovery achieved at the 14th week from the onset of symptoms, without necessitating any medical intervention. This case highlights the need for thorough evaluation and assessment of potential adverse effects following vaccination, including uncommon presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Loi Dao
- Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Vietnam
- Thai Binh Medical University Hospital, Thai Binh, Vietnam
| | - Trung Kien Nguyen
- Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Vietnam
- Thai Binh Medical University Hospital, Thai Binh, Vietnam
| | - Xuan Bai Nguyen
- Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Vietnam
- Thai Binh Medical University Hospital, Thai Binh, Vietnam
| | - Kieu Dung Le
- Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Vietnam
| | - Khanh Linh Duong
- Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Vietnam
| | - Duc Manh Bui
- Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Vietnam
| | | | - Van Thuan Hoang
- Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Vietnam
- Thai Binh Medical University Hospital, Thai Binh, Vietnam
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4
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Najary S, Vatankhah M, Khadivi G, Salehi SN, Tabari MAK, Samieefar N, Behnaz M. A comprehensive review of oral microenvironment changes and orofacial adverse reactions after COVID-19 vaccination: The good, the bad, and the ugly. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1967. [PMID: 38482134 PMCID: PMC10935892 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines have the potential to alter several biological systems concurrently with remolding the immune system, most of which are related to immunization, while some others are known as adverse effects. This review aims to explore the potential effects of vaccination on the oral microenvironment and classifies them as good, bad, or ugly, with a brief review of facial diseases following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. METHODS This study was a comprehensive review conducted through searching related articles in Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. RESULTS On one side, the "Good" impacts of vaccination on the oro-nasal mucosa are explained as if the mucosal immune responses followed by SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are enough to provide immunity. On the other side, the possible "Bad" and "Ugly" effects of the vaccine, which manifest as orofacial adverse events and autoimmune reactivations, respectively, should be noted. Exacerbation of pre-existing autoimmune conditions such as lichen planus, pemphigus vulgaris, bullous pemphigoid, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome have been reported. CONCLUSION COVID-19 vaccines could affect different biological systems alongside stimulating the immune system, and some of these effects are referred to as adverse effects. Nonetheless, these adverse effects are treatable, and healthcare professionals should not prevent patients from taking the first available vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Najary
- School of DentistryShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- USERN OfficeShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI)Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN)TehranIran
| | - Mohammadreza Vatankhah
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of DentistryUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Gita Khadivi
- School of DentistryShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- USERN OfficeShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Seyyede N. Salehi
- USERN OfficeShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Dentistry Student, Executive Secretary of Research Committee, Board Director of Scientific Society, Dental FacultyIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Mohammad A. K. Tabari
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI)Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN)TehranIran
- Student Research CommitteeMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
- USERN OfficeMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Noosha Samieefar
- USERN OfficeShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI)Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN)TehranIran
| | - Mohammad Behnaz
- USERN OfficeShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of DentistryShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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5
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Ahmed LA, Mansour HH, Elshennawy SI, Ramadan MA, Kamal MA, Mohamed SS, Ali OM, Ibrhim AH. Two versus three doses of COVID-19 vaccine and post-vaccination COVID-19 infection in hemodialysis patients. Infect Prev Pract 2024; 6:100338. [PMID: 38304200 PMCID: PMC10831178 DOI: 10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Patients with chronic kidney disease including those undergoing hemodialysis (HD) constitute a particularly challenging group regarding COVID-19 vaccination. The present study aimed to compare the rate of reinfection after two and three doses of Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine in HD patients. Patients and methods The study included 80 HD patients who received three doses of Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine. In addition, there were another 80 patients who received only two doses of the vaccine. Patients in the latter group were selected based on propensity matching score with 1:1 ratio. Patients were monitored for post-vaccination COVID-19 infection using PCR examination of nasopharyngeal swabs. Patients were also monitored for post-vaccination complications including general complaints (headache, fever, fatigue), injection site complaints (arm pain, swelling, itching, rash), musculoskeletal complaints (muscle spasm or pain, joint pain) and others. All patients were followed for six months. Results The present study included 80 patients submitted to COVID-19 vaccination with two doses of Sinopharm vaccine (GI) and other 80 patients who received three doses of the same vaccine (GII). At the end of follow up, 11 patients (13.8 %) in GI caught COVID-19 infection. In contrast, no patient in GII had infection (P<0.001). Comparison between patients who had COVID-19 infection and those without infection revealed that the former subgroup had significantly lower BMI (23.3 ± 2.3 versus 27.5 ± 8.1 Kg/m2), higher frequency of associated Hepatitis C (HCV) infection (54.6 % versus 2.9 %, P<0.001) and higher serum ferritin levels [median (IQR): 1101.0 (836.0-1564.0) versus 675.0 (467.0-767.7) ng/mL, P=0.01]. Binary logistic regression analysis identified high serum ferritin levels [OR (95% CI): 0.014 (0.001-0.15), P<0.001] and associated HCV infection [OR (95% CI): 0.99 (0.98-1.01), P=0.02] as significant predictors of post-vaccination COVID-19 infection in multivariate analysis. Conclusions A three dose regime of Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine associated with significantly lower rate of reinfection COVID-19 infection in HD patients. Infected patients had significantly lower BMI, higher frequency of HCV and higher ferritin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila A. Ahmed
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hayam H. Mansour
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salwa I. Elshennawy
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa A.A. Ramadan
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A.M. Kamal
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Soso S. Mohamed
- Community and Occupational Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omaima Mohamed Ali
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Amal H. Ibrhim
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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6
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Yang XY, Liu T, Jiang SC, Zhang ZW, Fu YF, Li ZL, Hu J, Yuan S. Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein 3 cross-react with human muscle cells and neuroglial cells. Vaccine 2024; 42:1259-1267. [PMID: 38281898 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines protect the public and limit viral spread. However, inactivated viral vaccines use the whole virus particle, which contains many non-capsid proteins that may cause adverse immune responses. A report has found that the ADP-ribose-binding domains of SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein 3 (NSP3) and human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase family member 14 (PARP14) share a significant degree of homology. Here, we further show that antibodies against 2019 novel SARS-like coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) NSP3 can bind human PARP14 protein. However, when G159R + G162R mutations were introduced into NSP3, the antibody titer against human PARP14 decreased 14-fold. Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 NSP3 can cross-react with human skeletal muscle cells and astrocytes, but not human embryonic kidney 293T cells. However, when G159R + G162R mutations were introduced into NSP3, the cross-reaction was largely inhibited. The results imply that COVID-19 patients with high antibody titers against NSP3 may have high risks of muscular and/or neurological complications. And the possible strategies to improve the safety of inactivated viral vaccines are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Yang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Sichuan Kelun Pharmaceutical Comp. Ltd., Chengdu 610071, China
| | - Si-Cong Jiang
- Haisco Pharmaceutical Group Comp. Ltd., Chengdu 611138, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yu-Fan Fu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zi-Lin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Medical University of the Air Force, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jing Hu
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Shu Yuan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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7
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Yalcinkaya A, Cavalli M, Cederholm A, Aranda-Guillén M, Behere A, Mildner H, Lakshmikanth T, Gonzalez L, Mugabo CH, Johnsson A, Ekwall O, Kämpe O, Bensing S, Brodin P, Hallberg P, Wadelius M, Landegren N. No link between type I interferon autoantibody positivity and adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccines. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:42. [PMID: 38388530 PMCID: PMC10883980 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00829-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons act as gatekeepers against viral infection, and autoantibodies that neutralize these signaling molecules have been associated with COVID-19 severity and adverse reactions to the live-attenuated yellow fever vaccine. On this background, we sought to examine whether autoantibodies against type I interferons were associated with adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination. Our nationwide analysis suggests that type I interferon autoantibodies were not associated with adverse events after mRNA or viral-vector COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Yalcinkaya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Hacettepe University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Marco Cavalli
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Pharmacogenomics, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Axel Cederholm
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maribel Aranda-Guillén
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anish Behere
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hedvig Mildner
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Laura Gonzalez
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Anette Johnsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olov Ekwall
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olle Kämpe
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sophie Bensing
- Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter Brodin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Immunology & Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Pär Hallberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Pharmacogenomics, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mia Wadelius
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Pharmacogenomics, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nils Landegren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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8
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Han JS, Ryu SM, Lim YH, Kim AR, Jung TD. Treatment and Rehabilitation of a Patient with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder-Induced Complete Spinal Cord Injury Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Case Report. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1175. [PMID: 38398485 PMCID: PMC10888719 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13041175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease (NMOSD) is a rare autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system characterized by optic neuritis, myelitis, or brain lesions. Its symptoms overlap with those of multiple sclerosis (MS), making a diagnosis of NMOSD challenging. Here, we report a rare case of NMOSD-induced complete spinal cord injury following COVID-19 vaccination. A 52-year-old female patient developed NMOSD-induced complete spinal cord injury after receiving their third dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine (BNT162b2). Despite the initial diagnosis of complete spinal cord injury, the patient underwent intensive treatment, including rituximab therapy and rehabilitation. As a result, she made a full recovery and transitioned from the ASIA Impairment Scale(AIS)-A to AIS-E. The remarkable neurological recovery from complete spinal cord injury to functional independence highlights the efficacy of a comprehensive treatment approach. In addition, this case emphasizes the need to recognize NMOSD as a potential adverse outcome of COVID-19 vaccination and emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis, timely intervention, and thorough rehabilitation for optimizing patient results. Further case reports and studies are needed to investigate the association between COVID-19 vaccination and the occurrence of NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Sang Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.H.); (S.-M.R.); (Y.-H.L.); (A.-R.K.)
| | - Seong-Mun Ryu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.H.); (S.-M.R.); (Y.-H.L.); (A.-R.K.)
| | - Young-Hwan Lim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.H.); (S.-M.R.); (Y.-H.L.); (A.-R.K.)
| | - Ae-Ryoung Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.H.); (S.-M.R.); (Y.-H.L.); (A.-R.K.)
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Du Jung
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
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9
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Abera BT, Teka H, Berhe E, Gebru MA, Zenebe D, Abraha HE, Hailu A. Assessment of adverse events among healthcare workers following the Janssen COVID-19 vaccine in Tigray, Ethiopia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3255. [PMID: 38332047 PMCID: PMC10853211 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53561-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Apart from the inequality in vaccination, war zones and areas where communication is disrupted are affected by myths and misconceptions about COVID-19 vaccines, heightening vaccine hesitancy. Local data on adverse events of the vaccines and their mildness can increase confidence and acceptance of the vaccines in the respective population. In areas of conflict and communication blackouts, the perception of the vaccines by health workers is of paramount importance as public health recommendations may not reach the public. Therefore, the scientific evaluation of adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination in such areas is invaluable. This cross-sectional, facility-based study was conducted using a structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire to assess the adverse events experienced by healthcare workers who received the Janssen COVID-19 vaccine. The sample was divided proportionally to the number of vaccinated healthcare workers for the different healthcare professions, and participants were then randomly selected from each profession. Prior to data collection, a pilot test was conducted with 5% of the sample size outside the selected hospital. The study was conducted using a structured questionnaire completed by an interviewer to assess adverse events in 442 healthcare workers who had received the Janssen COVID-19 vaccine between July 11 and 25, 2022. The study period was from August 15 to September 15, 2022. A significant number of healthcare workers [366 (83.3%); 95% CI 79.5%, 86.5%] experienced at least one adverse event. Nearly 90% of participants reported that the adverse events were mild to moderate. Pain at the injection site [307 (69.5%); 95% CI 65.0%, 73.6%] and headache [247 (55.9%); 95% CI 51.2%, 60.4%] were the most common local and systemic adverse events, respectively. Two HCWs experienced anaphylactic reaction. Younger age was significantly associated with the occurrence of adverse events. We deciphered that the adverse events reported by the study participants were not different from the typically occurring vaccine-related adverse reactions, and therefore concluded that post-vaccination reactions in healthcare workers were minor. Although vaccination in Tigray is currently stalled due to the siege, responsible stakeholders should develop a mechanism to track population-wide adverse events once the vaccines start to rollout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisrat Tesfay Abera
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia.
| | - Hale Teka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Ephrem Berhe
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Marta Abrha Gebru
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Zenebe
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Hiluf Ebuy Abraha
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - Abraha Hailu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
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10
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Rus M, Ardelean AI, Andronie-Cioara FL, Filimon GC. Acute Myocardial Infarction during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Long-Term Outcomes and Prognosis-A Systematic Review. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:202. [PMID: 38398712 PMCID: PMC10890474 DOI: 10.3390/life14020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was a global pandemic with high mortality and morbidity that led to an increased health burden all over the world. Although the virus mostly affects the pulmonary tract, cardiovascular implications are often observed among COVID-19 patients and are predictive of poor outcomes. Increased values of myocardial biomarkers such as troponin I or NT-proBNP were proven to be risk factors for respiratory failure. Although the risk of acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) was greater in the acute phase of COVID-19, there were lower rates of hospitalization for ACSs, due to patients' hesitation in presenting at the hospital. Hospitalized ACSs patients with COVID-19 infection had a prolonged symptom-to-first-medical-contact time, and longer door-to-balloon time. The mechanisms of myocardial injury in COVID-19 patients are still not entirely clear; however, the most frequently implicated factors include the downregulation of ACE2 receptors, endothelial dysfunction, pro-coagulant status, and increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the long-term outcomes and prognosis of COVID-19 survivors that presented an acute myocardial infarction, by reviewing existing data. The importance of the association between this infectious disease and myocardial infarction arises from the increased mortality of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and AMI (10-76%, compared with 4.6% for NSTEMI patients and 7% for STEMI patients without COVID-19). The literature review showed an increased risk of cardiovascular events in COVID-19 survivors compared with the general population, even after the acute phase of the disease, with poorer long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Rus
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (A.I.A.); (G.C.F.)
| | - Adriana Ioana Ardelean
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (A.I.A.); (G.C.F.)
| | - Felicia Liana Andronie-Cioara
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (A.I.A.); (G.C.F.)
- Department of Psycho Neuroscience and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Georgiana Carmen Filimon
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (A.I.A.); (G.C.F.)
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11
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Sophonmanee R, Preampruchcha P, Ongarj J, Seeyankem B, Intapiboon P, Surasombatpattana S, Uppanisakorn S, Sangsupawanich P, Chusri S, Pinpathomrat N. Intradermal Fractional ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Booster Vaccine Induces Memory T Cells: A Follow-Up Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:109. [PMID: 38400093 PMCID: PMC10891531 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The administration of viral vector and mRNA vaccine booster effectively induces humoral and cellular immune responses. Effector T cell responses after fractional intradermal (ID) vaccination are comparable to those after intramuscular (IM) boosters. Here, we quantified T cell responses after booster vaccination. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination induced higher numbers of S1-specific CD8+ memory T cells, consistent with the antibody responses. Effector memory T cell phenotypes elicited by mRNA vaccination showed a similar trend to those elicited by the viral vector vaccine booster. Three months post-vaccination, cytokine responses remained detectable, confirming effector T cell responses induced by both vaccines. The ID fractional dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 elicited higher effector CD8+ T cell responses than IM vaccination. This study confirmed that an ID dose-reduction vaccination strategy effectively stimulates effector memory T cell responses. ID injection could be an improved approach for effective vaccination programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchanon Sophonmanee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (R.S.); (P.P.); (J.O.); (B.S.)
| | - Perawas Preampruchcha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (R.S.); (P.P.); (J.O.); (B.S.)
| | - Jomkwan Ongarj
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (R.S.); (P.P.); (J.O.); (B.S.)
| | - Bunya Seeyankem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (R.S.); (P.P.); (J.O.); (B.S.)
| | - Porntip Intapiboon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (P.I.); (S.C.)
| | | | - Supattra Uppanisakorn
- Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (S.U.); (P.S.)
| | - Pasuree Sangsupawanich
- Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (S.U.); (P.S.)
| | - Sarunyou Chusri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (P.I.); (S.C.)
| | - Nawamin Pinpathomrat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (R.S.); (P.P.); (J.O.); (B.S.)
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12
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Kozak M, Hu J. DNA Vaccines: Their Formulations, Engineering and Delivery. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:71. [PMID: 38250884 PMCID: PMC10820593 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The concept of DNA vaccination was introduced in the early 1990s. Since then, advancements in the augmentation of the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines have brought this technology to the market, especially in veterinary medicine, to prevent many diseases. Along with the successful COVID mRNA vaccines, the first DNA vaccine for human use, the Indian ZyCovD vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, was approved in 2021. In the current review, we first give an overview of the DNA vaccine focusing on the science, including adjuvants and delivery methods. We then cover some of the emerging science in the field of DNA vaccines, notably efforts to optimize delivery systems, better engineer delivery apparatuses, identify optimal delivery sites, personalize cancer immunotherapy through DNA vaccination, enhance adjuvant science through gene adjuvants, enhance off-target and heritable immunity through epigenetic modification, and predict epitopes with bioinformatic approaches. We also discuss the major limitations of DNA vaccines and we aim to address many theoretical concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kozak
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Jiafen Hu
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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13
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Yamada M, Dohi S, Ide H, Mafune K. Nonattendance is associated with work performance due to the side effects of COVID-19 vaccination: a cross-sectional study in a Japanese manufacturing industry. J Occup Health 2024; 66:uiae030. [PMID: 38865583 PMCID: PMC11273797 DOI: 10.1093/joccuh/uiae030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although vaccines have promoted the socioeconomic normalization of COVID-19, adverse effects on work performance due to the post-vaccination side effects have been reported. Thus, we examined the relationship between the status of going to work the day following vaccination as a post-vaccination employment consideration and work performance among Japanese workers in the manufacturing industry. METHODS Overall, 1273 employees who received the COVID-19 vaccine in a Japanese manufacturing district were surveyed using a self-administered web-based questionnaire that included fever, fatigue, workplace attendance the day after vaccination, work performance 1 week after vaccination, and demographic and occupational characteristics (age, gender, work style, and psychological distress [K6 scale]). The effects of fatigue and attendance on declining work performance were estimated using a linear mixed model, with individuals as random effects and the rest as fixed effects. RESULTS After adjusting for demographic and occupational characteristics, the third-order interaction of fever, fatigue, and attendance on the day following vaccination was significant. The nonattendance group had a significantly higher work performance than the attendance group in those without fever and long-term fatigue (F1,1559 = 4.9, P = .026) and with fever and short-term fatigue (F1,1559 = 5.9, P = .015). Fever and workplace attendance the following day were not directly related to a decrease in work performance after vaccination. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that nonattendance at the workplace is associated with work performance due to the side effects after COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Yamada
- Health Care Section, Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seitaro Dohi
- Health Care Section, Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ide
- Health Care Section, Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Mafune
- Department of Mental Health, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
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14
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Hamza MO, Kumar Ganji K, Bandela V, Sonune S, Abdelrahman Dafaalla AAEG, Ali Almutairi H, Fatil S, Alessa M. Examining the Impact of the COVID-19 Vaccine on Smokers and Diabetic Individuals: Unveiling the Efficacy and Unraveling Side Effects in Al Jouf Region, KSA. Cureus 2023; 15:e49272. [PMID: 38143704 PMCID: PMC10746886 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The assessment of the side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine is crucial to inform individuals about the potential risks and benefits of vaccination and to provide appropriate medical care if necessary. The study aimed to assess the effect of the COVID-19 vaccine on smokers and diabetic individuals and to investigate the occurrence of any side effects in the subpopulation of the Al Jouf region, KSA. MATERIALS AND METHODS The questionnaire had three main sections: the first covered basic information including gender, age, general health status, place, socio-economic position, nationality, smoking, and diabetes. Section 2 included the COVID-19 vaccination status and side effects, and the third section dealt with the dental history. Informed consent was obtained from the recruited individuals. Participants completed a Google self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS One hundred and twenty participants responded to the survey forms. Similarly, for diabetics versus non-diabetics, there was no statistically significant difference in the type of vaccine received (chi-square value = 3.125, p-value = 0.682). For smokers versus non-smokers, the chi-square test showed a non-significant difference in side effects (chi-square = 2.56, p-value = 0.109), indicating that there was no significant difference in the side effects experienced by smokers and non-smokers. For diabetics versus non-diabetics, the chi-square test showed a non-significant difference in side effects (chi-square = 0.34, p-value = 0.560), indicating that there was no significant difference in the side effects experienced by diabetics and non-diabetics. CONCLUSION Smokers and diabetics had higher harmful effects than non-smokers and non-diabetics. These findings need larger, robust trials to support treatment decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Osman Hamza
- Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakakah, SAU
| | | | - Vinod Bandela
- Prosthetic Dental Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, SAU
| | - Shital Sonune
- Prosthetic Dental Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, SAU
| | | | | | - Sultan Fatil
- College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, SAU
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15
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Korzun T, Moses AS, Diba P, Sattler AL, Taratula OR, Sahay G, Taratula O, Marks DL. From Bench to Bedside: Implications of Lipid Nanoparticle Carrier Reactogenicity for Advancing Nucleic Acid Therapeutics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1088. [PMID: 37631003 PMCID: PMC10459564 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In biomedical applications, nanomaterial-based delivery vehicles, such as lipid nanoparticles, have emerged as promising instruments for improving the solubility, stability, and encapsulation of various payloads. This article provides a formal review focusing on the reactogenicity of empty lipid nanoparticles used as delivery vehicles, specifically emphasizing their application in mRNA-based therapies. Reactogenicity refers to the adverse immune responses triggered by xenobiotics, including administered lipid nanoparticles, which can lead to undesirable therapeutic outcomes. The key components of lipid nanoparticles, which include ionizable lipids and PEG-lipids, have been identified as significant contributors to their reactogenicity. Therefore, understanding the relationship between lipid nanoparticles, their structural constituents, cytokine production, and resultant reactogenic outcomes is essential to ensure the safe and effective application of lipid nanoparticles in mRNA-based therapies. Although efforts have been made to minimize these adverse reactions, further research and standardization are imperative. By closely monitoring cytokine profiles and assessing reactogenic manifestations through preclinical and clinical studies, researchers can gain valuable insights into the reactogenic effects of lipid nanoparticles and develop strategies to mitigate undesirable reactions. This comprehensive review underscores the importance of investigating lipid nanoparticle reactogenicity and its implications for the development of mRNA-lipid nanoparticle therapeutics in various applications beyond vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Korzun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA; (T.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Abraham S. Moses
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA; (T.K.)
| | - Parham Diba
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ariana L. Sattler
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Olena R. Taratula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA; (T.K.)
| | - Gaurav Sahay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA; (T.K.)
| | - Oleh Taratula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA; (T.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Daniel L. Marks
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA
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16
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Naveen R, Thakare DR, Kuwana M, Pauling JD, Day J, Joshi M, Parodis I, Sen P, Jagtap K, Nikiphorou E, Saha S, Agarwal V, Chatterjee T, Lilleker JB, Kardes S, Milchert M, Gheita T, Salim B, Velikova T, Gracia-Ramos AE, Tan AL, Nune A, Cavagna L, Saavedra MA, Shinjo SK, Ziade N, Knitza J, Distler O, Chinoy H, Aggarwal R, Gupta L, Agarwal V, Makol A. Systemic sclerosis and COVID-19 vaccine safety: short-term insights from the global COVID-19 vaccination in autoimmune disease (COVAD) survey. Rheumatol Int 2023; 43:1265-1275. [PMID: 37000295 PMCID: PMC10064600 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-023-05310-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
The safety profile of COVID-19 vaccines is understudied in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). We compared short-term adverse events (AEs) 7 days following vaccination in patients with SSc vs other rheumatic (AIRDs), non-rheumatic autoimmune diseases (nrAIDs), and healthy controls (HCs). The COVID-19 Vaccination in autoimmune diseases (COVAD) self-reporting e-survey was circulated by a group of > 110 collaborators in 94 countries from March to December 2021. AEs were analyzed between different groups using regression models. Of 10,679 complete respondents [73.8% females, mean age 43 years, 53% Caucasians], 478 had SSc. 83% had completed two vaccine doses, Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) (51%) was the most common. Minor and major AEs were reported by 81.2% and 3.3% SSc patients, respectively, and did not differ significantly with disease activity or different vaccine types, though with minor symptom differences. Frequencies of AEs were not affected by background immunosuppression, though SSc patients receiving hydroxychloroquine experienced fatigue less commonly (OR 0.4; 95% CI 0.2-0.8). Frequency of AEs and hospitalisations were similar to other AIRDs, nrAIDs, and HC except a higher risk of chills (OR 1.3; 95% CI 1.0-1.7) and fatigue (OR 1.3; 95% CI 1.0-1.6) compared to other AIRDs. COVID-19 vaccines were largely safe and well tolerated in SSc patients in the short term. Background immunosuppression and disease activity did not influence the vaccination-related short-term AEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Naveen
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Darpan R Thakare
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Masataka Kuwana
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Nippon Medical School Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - John D Pauling
- Bristol Medical School Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Jessica Day
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Mrudula Joshi
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College and Sassoon General Hospitals, Pune, India
| | - Ioannis Parodis
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Parikshit Sen
- Maulana Azad Medical College, 2-Bahadurshah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, Delhi, 110002, India
| | - Kshitij Jagtap
- Seth Gordhandhas Sunderdas Medical College and King Edwards Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Elena Nikiphorou
- Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
- Rheumatology Department, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sreoshy Saha
- Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Vishwesh Agarwal
- Mahatma Gandhi Mission Medical College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tulika Chatterjee
- Center for Outcomes Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - James B Lilleker
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Neurology, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Sinan Kardes
- Department of Medical Ecology and Hydroclimatology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa-Fatih, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Marcin Milchert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology, Diabetology, Geriatrics and Clinical Immunology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Ul Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tamer Gheita
- Rheumatology Department, Kasr Al Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Babur Salim
- Rheumatology Department, Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Tsvetelina Velikova
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital "Lozenetz", Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1 Kozyak Str, 1407, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Abraham Edgar Gracia-Ramos
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital, National Medical Center, La Raza", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Jacaranda S/N, Col. La Raza, Del. Azcapotzalco, C.P. 02990, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ai Lyn Tan
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Arvind Nune
- Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust, Southport, PR8 6PN, UK
| | - Lorenzo Cavagna
- Department of Rheumatology, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Rheumatology Unit, Dipartimento di Medicine Interna e Terapia Medica, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Lombardy, Italy
| | - Miguel A Saavedra
- Departamento de Reumatología Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Antonio Fraga Mouret, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Samuel Katsuyuki Shinjo
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nelly Ziade
- Rheumatology Department, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Rheumatology Department, Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Johannes Knitza
- Medizinische Klinik 3 - Rheumatologie und Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - Oliver Distler
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hector Chinoy
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, Salford Royal Hospital, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Rohit Aggarwal
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Latika Gupta
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Vikas Agarwal
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Ashima Makol
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Keka-Sylaj A, Ramosaj A, Baloku A, Zogaj L, Gjaka P. Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), Possibly Due to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11050956. [PMID: 37243060 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a potentially life-threatening childhood disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, manifested by the persistence of fever and multi-organ dysfunction, elevated inflammatory markers, and the lack of an alternative diagnosis. It is still unknown if vaccination can precipitate or abrogate MIS-C or if a natural infection preceding or occurring at the time of vaccination plays any role. We present one case of MIS-C in a 16-year-old girl who was fully immunized against COVID-19 (Pfizer), with the second dose received three weeks prior to onset of the disease. She had no history of COVID-19 disease or contact with COVID-19 patients. At admission, she was somnolent, pale, and dehydrated, with cyanotic lips and cold extremities; she was hypotensive with tachycardia and poorly palpable pulses. Initial laboratory results revealed elevated levels of inflammatory markers, and high level of SARS-CoV-2 IgG spike antibodies, while testing for SARS-CoV-2 acute infection and other inflammatory etiologies were negative. Vaccine-related MIS-C was suspected in our case due to the development of MIS-C three weeks following the second dose of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, the absence of previous infection or exposure to SARS-CoV-2, and a positive result for IgG anti-spike (S) antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alije Keka-Sylaj
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
- Pediatric Clinic, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Atifete Ramosaj
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
- Pediatric Clinic, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Arbana Baloku
- Pediatric Clinic, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Leonora Zogaj
- Pediatric Clinic, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Petrit Gjaka
- Pediatric Clinic, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
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18
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Dhamanti I, Suwantika AA, Adlia A, Yamani LN, Yakub F. Adverse Reactions of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Scoping Review of Observational Studies. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:609-618. [PMID: 36845341 PMCID: PMC9951602 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s400458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic had a severe global impact. A range of campaigns and activities, including vaccines, are being implemented to counteract this pandemic. Using observational data, the goal of this scoping review is to identify adverse events connected with COVID-19 vaccinations. We conduct a scoping study and searched three databases from the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 through June 2022. Based on our criteria and searched keywords, the review included eleven papers in total, with the majority of the studies being conducted in developed countries. The study populations varied and included general community populations, healthcare professionals, military forces, and patients with systemic lupus and cancer. This study includes vaccines from Pfizer-BioNTech, Oxford-AstraZeneca, Sinopharm, and Moderna. The COVID-19 vaccine-related adverse events were classified into three types: local side effects, systemic side effects, and other side effects such as allergies. The adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccines are mild to moderate in severity, with no significant influence or interference in individual daily activities and no unique patterns in cause of death among vaccine-related deaths. According to the findings of these investigations, the COVID-19 vaccine is safe to administer and induces protection. It is vital to convey accurate information to the public about vaccination side effects, potential adverse responses, and the safety level of the vaccines supplied. Multiple strategies must be implemented at the individual, organizational, and population levels to eliminate vaccine hesitance. Future studies could investigate the vaccine's effect on people of various ages and medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Dhamanti
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Center for Patient Safety Research, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Auliya A Suwantika
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Center for Health Technology Assessment, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Amirah Adlia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Laura Navika Yamani
- Division Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Research Center on Global Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Fitri Yakub
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
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19
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Miyazaki H, Watanabe D, Ito Y, Okamoto N, Tokunaga E, Ku Y, Ooi M, Hoshi N, Kodama Y. Side Effects of COVID-19 Vaccines in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Japan. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:564-570. [PMID: 36178566 PMCID: PMC9523646 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07703-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are recommended to receive the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. However, a recent survey showed that patients with IBD are more hesitant to receive the vaccine than the general population. Detailed information on the side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine is necessary to encourage vaccination among patients with IBD. AIM To investigate the frequency of side effects following COVID-19 vaccination in patients with IBD in Japan. STUDY DESIGN a cross-sectional survey was conducted using a questionnaire administered to adult patients with IBD in a tertiary medical facility. RESULTS Among the participants who answered the questionnaire, 92.6%, 91.5%, and 41.5% of the participants had received their first, second, and third doses of the COVID-19 vaccine, respectively. Of the vaccinated participants, 88.3%, 86.3%, and 89.0% experienced side effects after receiving the first, second, and third doses of the vaccine, respectively. The incidences of fever, chills, and headaches were significantly higher among female participants than among male participants (p < 0.05). However, the frequencies of most side effects were comparable between the BNT162b2 mRNA and mRNA-1273 vaccines. CONCLUSION The findings of our survey can help encourage patients with IBD to receive the COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Miyazaki
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki cho, Chuo ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Daisuke Watanabe
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki cho, Chuo ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Yuki Ito
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki cho, Chuo ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Norihiro Okamoto
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki cho, Chuo ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Eri Tokunaga
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki cho, Chuo ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yuna Ku
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki cho, Chuo ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Makoto Ooi
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki cho, Chuo ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Namiko Hoshi
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki cho, Chuo ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yuzo Kodama
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki cho, Chuo ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
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20
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Tomas N, Munangatire T, Nampila S. Undergraduate Students' Knowledge, Attitudes and Willingness to Receive COVID-19 Vaccines: A Survey of Convenience Sample in Namibia. SAGE Open Nurs 2023; 9:23779608231177565. [PMID: 37250766 PMCID: PMC10214085 DOI: 10.1177/23779608231177565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The global consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic cannot be overstated. Vaccinations are one of the leading strategies to protect against the virus, and it is likely that students' understanding and desire to be vaccinated can be major factors in helping contain the pandemic. Nonetheless, no studies looked into the vaccine attitude, knowledge and willingness in Namibia. Objectives To assess and describe the association between knowledge, attitudes, and willingness of undergraduate students to receive COVID-19 vaccines in the school of education, nursing and economics and management science at the university campus in Namibia. Methods The study employed a cross-sectional descriptive study from 200 undergraduate university students using a convenience sampling. Data analysis was done using SPSSv28 and descriptive statistics were used to depict trends in data while a Pearson's correlation determined the relationship between the study variables. Results The data showed that 54.2% (1.54 ± 0.49) of the participants had adequate knowledge concerning the vaccine, while 57.1% and 58.6% had a negative outlook and were unwilling to get vaccinated. A moderate positive correlation was observed between attitudes and willingness to take COVID-19 vaccines (r = .546, P =<.001), while a negative relation existed between knowledge and attitudes (r = -.017, P =>.001). Conclusions This study has provided valuable insight into the knowledge, attitudes, and willingness of undergraduate students to receive COVID-19 vaccines. Despite more than half of the participants having appropriate knowledge, they had an unfavourable outlook toward COVID-19 vaccination. It is recommended that further studies focus on how factors such as incentives, religion and cultural values affect their desires to be vaccinated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor Tomas
- Department of General Nursing Science, School of Nursing
and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia (UNAM), Rundu, Namibia
| | - Takaedza Munangatire
- Department of General Nursing Science, School of Nursing
and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia (UNAM), Rundu, Namibia
| | - Stefanus Nampila
- Department of General Nursing Science, School of Nursing
and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia (UNAM), Rundu, Namibia
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21
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Impaired VEGF-A-Mediated Neurovascular Crosstalk Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein: A Potential Hypothesis Explaining Long COVID-19 Symptoms and COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects? Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122452. [PMID: 36557705 PMCID: PMC9784975 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Long coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a newly discovered syndrome characterized by multiple organ manifestations that persist for weeks to months, following the recovery from acute disease. Occasionally, neurological and cardiovascular side effects mimicking long COVID-19 have been reported in recipients of COVID-19 vaccines. Hypothetically, the clinical similarity could be due to a shared pathogenic role of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) protein produced by the virus or used for immunization. The S protein can bind to neuropilin (NRP)-1, which normally functions as a coreceptor for the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A. By antagonizing the docking of VEGF-A to NRP-1, the S protein could disrupt physiological pathways involved in angiogenesis and nociception. One consequence could be the increase in unbound forms of VEGF-A that could bind to other receptors. SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals may exhibit increased plasma levels of VEGF-A during both acute illness and convalescence, which could be responsible for diffuse microvascular and neurological damage. A few studies suggest that serum VEGF-A may also be a potential biomarker for long COVID-19, whereas evidence for COVID-19 vaccines is lacking and merits further investigation.
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22
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Is the Pandemic Wearing Us Out? A Cross-Sectional Study of the Prevalence of Fatigue in Adult Twins without Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237067. [PMID: 36498639 PMCID: PMC9738217 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
During the pandemic, mental health was not only impaired in people after a SARS-CoV-2 infection, but also in people without previous infection. This is the first study on twins without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection to estimate the influence of genetic components and shared as well as individual environments on pandemic-associated fatigue. The study sample included 55 monozygotic and 45 dizygotic twin pairs. A total of 34.5% reported an increase in fatigue since the pandemic. A significant correlation was shown between the responses within monozygotic (χ2[1] = 11.14, p = 0.001) and dizygotic pairs (χ2[1] = 18.72, p < 0.001). In all pandemic-associated fatigue dimensions, individual environment (ranging from e2 = 0.64 to e2 = 0.84) and heritability (ranging from h2 = 0.32 to h2 = 1.04) seem to have the highest impact. The number of comorbidities significantly correlated with physical fatigue (Spearman’s ρ = 0.232, p < 0.001) and psychological impairment due to pandemic measures with the total fatigue score (Spearman’s ρ = 0.243, p < 0.001). However, calculated ANCOVAs with these significant correlations as covariates showed no significant influence on the mean values of the respective fatigue dimensions. Susceptibility to pandemic-associated fatigue may be genetically and environmentally determined, while intensity is also influenced by individual components. The prevalence of fatigue is high even in individuals without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Future mental health prevention and intervention programs should be implemented to alleviate the impact of the pandemic on the global population.
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23
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Taieb A, Mounira EE. Pilot Findings on SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Induced Pituitary Diseases: A Mini Review from Diagnosis to Pathophysiology. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122004. [PMID: 36560413 PMCID: PMC9786744 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic at the end of 2019, a massive vaccination campaign has been undertaken rapidly and worldwide. Like other vaccines, the COVID-19 vaccine is not devoid of side effects. Typically, the adverse side effects of vaccination include transient headache, fever, and myalgia. Endocrine organs are also affected by adverse effects. The major SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-associated endocrinopathies reported since the beginning of the vaccination campaign are thyroid and pancreas disorders. SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced pituitary diseases have become more frequently described in the literature. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE for commentaries, case reports, and case series articles reporting pituitary disorders following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. The search was reiterated until September 2022, in which eight case reports were found. In all the cases, there were no personal or familial history of pituitary disease described. All the patients described had no previous SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to the vaccination episode. Regarding the type of vaccines administered, 50% of the patients received (BNT162b2; Pfizer-BioNTech) and 50% received (ChAdOx1 nCov-19; AstraZeneca). In five cases, the pituitary disorder developed after the first dose of the corresponding vaccine. Regarding the types of pituitary disorder, five were hypophysitis (variable clinical aspects ranging from pituitary lesion to pituitary stalk thickness) and three were pituitary apoplexy. The time period between vaccination and pituitary disorder ranged from one to seven days. Depending on each case's follow-up time, a complete remission was obtained in all the apoplexy cases but in only three patients with hypophysitis (persistence of the central diabetes insipidus). Both quantity and quality of the published data about pituitary inconveniences after COVID-19 vaccination are limited. Pituitary disorders, unlike thyroid disorders, occur very quickly after COVID-19 vaccination (less than seven days for pituitary disorders versus two months for thyroid disease). This is partially explained by the ease of reaching the pituitary, which is a small gland. Therefore, this gland is rapidly overspread, which explains the speed of onset of pituitary symptoms (especially ADH deficiency which is a rapid onset deficit with evocative symptoms). Accordingly, these pilot findings offer clinicians a future direction to be vigilant for possible pituitary adverse effects of vaccination. This will allow them to accurately orient patients for medical assistance when they present with remarkable symptoms, such as asthenia, polyuro-polydipsia, or severe headache, following a COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ach Taieb
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Farhat Hached Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Exercice Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia
- Correspondence:
| | - El Euch Mounira
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Charles Nicoles, Tunis 4074, Tunisia
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24
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Chavda VP, Vihol DR, Solanki HK, Apostolopoulos V. The Vaccine World of COVID-19: India’s Contribution. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10111943. [PMID: 36423038 PMCID: PMC9695423 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) eruption has left not only illness and mortality in its wake, but also an overwhelming threat to health policy, human regality, food security, and struggle worldwide. The accessibility and potential distribution of a protective and successful vaccination to communities throughout the world are being considered now not just, as a potential of overcoming these hurdles, but also as an example of human perseverance in the face of catastrophe. A vaccine is the only tool that can efficaciously deal with the COVID-19 catastrophe. Currently, more than 47 vaccines are permitted for emergency use in distinct parts of the world. India will play a significant role in the development of the high-priced Moderna shots and Pfizer Inc, therefore assisting in the immunization of a large portion of the world. Moreover, many of the internationally researched and developed vaccine laboratories seek manufacturing in Indian firms and companies for efficient and low-cost production of vaccines intending to provide to the world, hence, making India, a major role player during these pandemic times. This review highlights the Indian contribution to the globe for COVID-19 management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P. Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380008, Gujarat, India
- Correspondence: (V.P.C.); (V.A.)
| | - Disha R. Vihol
- Pharmacy Section, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia
| | - Hetvi K. Solanki
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380008, Gujarat, India
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
- Immunology Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
- Correspondence: (V.P.C.); (V.A.)
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25
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Makadzange AT, Gundidza P, Lau C, Beta N, Myburgh N, Elose N, James W, Stanberry L, Ndhlovu C. Vaccine Adverse Events Following COVID-19 Vaccination with Inactivated Vaccines in Zimbabwe. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1767. [PMID: 36298632 PMCID: PMC9610510 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the most effective methods for preventing morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. Vaccine hesitancy has led to a decrease in vaccine uptake; driven by misinformation, fear, and misperceptions of vaccine safety. Whole inactivated vaccines have been used in one-fifth of the vaccine recipients in Africa, however there are limited real-world data on their safety. We evaluated the reported adverse events and factors associated with reported adverse events following vaccination with whole inactivated COVID-19 vaccines-BBiBP-CorV (Sinopharm) and CoronaVac (Sinovac). A quantitative survey evaluating attitudes and adverse events from vaccination was administered to 1016 adults presenting at vaccination centers. Two follow-up telephone interviews were conducted to determine adverse events after the first and second vaccination dose. Overall, the vaccine was well tolerated; 26.0% and 14.4% reported adverse events after the first and second dose, respectively. The most frequent local and systemic adverse events were pain at the injection site and headaches, respectively. Most symptoms were mild, and no participants required hospitalization. Participants who perceived COVID-19 vaccines as safe or had a personal COVID-19 experience were significantly less likely to report adverse events. Our findings provide data on the safety and tolerability of whole inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in an African population, providing the necessary data to create effective strategies to increase vaccination and support vaccination campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia Gundidza
- Charles River Medical Group, 155 King George Avenue, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Charles Lau
- RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, Research Triangle, NC 27709, USA
| | - Norest Beta
- Charles River Medical Group, 155 King George Avenue, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Nellie Myburgh
- Wits Vaccines & Infectious Diseases Analytics (VIDA) Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Nyasha Elose
- Charles River Medical Group, 155 King George Avenue, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Wilmot James
- Institute for Social and Economic Research and Policy, Columbia University, IAB 118th Street, New York, NY 10025, USA
| | - Lawrence Stanberry
- Vaccine Information Network, Columbia University, 533 W 218th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chiratidzo Ndhlovu
- Charles River Medical Group, 155 King George Avenue, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Primary Health Care Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Avondale, Harare P.O. Box A178, Zimbabwe
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Carubbi F, Alunno A, Santilli J, Natali L, Mancini B, Di Gregorio N, Del Pinto R, Viscido A, Grassi D, Ferri C. Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases after anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: new diagnoses and disease flares. RMD Open 2022; 8:rmdopen-2022-002460. [PMID: 36282905 PMCID: PMC9453424 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective New-onset immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) and flares of pre-existing IMIDs have been reported following anti- SARS-CoV2 vaccination. Our study aimed at describing a retrospective cohort of patients developing new-onset IMIDs or flares of known IMIDs within 30 days after any anti-SARS-CoV2 vaccine dose. Methods We evaluated clinical records of all inpatients and outpatients referring to our institution between February 2021 and February 2022 with any clinical manifestations. We then selected those having received any anti-SARS-CoV2 vaccine dose within the prior 30 days and classified them as having or not a previous IMID according to predefined criteria. We recorded new-onset IMIDs or flares of known IMIDs and investigated any relationship with demographic, clinical and serological variables. Results 153 patients that received any anti-SARS-CoV2 vaccine dose within the previous 30 days were included of which 45 (29%) already had a diagnosis of IMID while 108 (71%) had no previously diagnosed IMID. 33 (30%) of the 108 patients, were diagnosed with a new-onset IMID. Pericarditis, polymyalgia rheumatica and vasculitis were the most frequent conditions. Among the 45 patients that already had an IMID, disease flare was the reason for referral in 69% of patients. Patients with an IMID flare had a lower number of comorbidities and tended to be younger compared with those who developed other conditions after anti-SARS-CoV2 vaccination. Conclusion We provided a retrospective overview of a cohort of patients who developed new-onset IMIDs or flares of known IMIDs within 30 days after any dose of anti-SARS-CoV2 vaccine. While vaccination campaigns proceed, postvaccination surveillance programmes are ongoing and hopefully will soon clarify whether a causal relationship between vaccines and new-onset/flares of IMIDs exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Carubbi
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences and Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of L'Aquila and ASL Avezzano-Sulmona-L'Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessia Alunno
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences and Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of L'Aquila and ASL Avezzano-Sulmona-L'Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Jessica Santilli
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences and Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of L'Aquila and ASL Avezzano-Sulmona-L'Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Laura Natali
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences and Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of L'Aquila and ASL Avezzano-Sulmona-L'Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Bernardina Mancini
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences and Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of L'Aquila and ASL Avezzano-Sulmona-L'Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Di Gregorio
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences and Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of L'Aquila and ASL Avezzano-Sulmona-L'Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rita Del Pinto
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences and Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of L'Aquila and ASL Avezzano-Sulmona-L'Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Angelo Viscido
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences and Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of L'Aquila and ASL Avezzano-Sulmona-L'Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Davide Grassi
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences and Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of L'Aquila and ASL Avezzano-Sulmona-L'Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences and Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of L'Aquila and ASL Avezzano-Sulmona-L'Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
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27
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Huang YF, Ho TC, Chang CC, Shen DHY, Chan HP, Chuang KP, Tyan YC, Yang MH. A Rare Adverse Effect of the COVID-19 Vaccine on Autoimmune Encephalitis. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071114. [PMID: 35891278 PMCID: PMC9319671 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Since countries commenced COVID-19 vaccination around the world, many vaccine-related adverse effects have been reported. Among them, short-term memory loss with autoimmune encephalitis (AE) was reported as a rare adverse effect. Since case numbers are limited, this brief report may draw the attention of the medical community to this uncommon adverse effect and serve as a reference for future vaccine improvement. However, given the high risk of adverse outcomes when infected with SARS-CoV-2 and the clearly favorable safety/tolerability profile of existing vaccines, vaccination is still recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Fong Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-F.H.); (C.-C.C.)
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Tzu-Chuan Ho
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Chin-Chuan Chang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-F.H.); (C.-C.C.)
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 840, Taiwan
| | - Daniel Hueng-Yuan Shen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan; (D.H.-Y.S.); (H.-P.C.)
| | - Hung-Pin Chan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan; (D.H.-Y.S.); (H.-P.C.)
| | - Kuo-Pin Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Chang Tyan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-F.H.); (C.-C.C.)
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.T.); (M.-H.Y.)
| | - Ming-Hui Yang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung 821, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.T.); (M.-H.Y.)
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