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Brady AM, El-Badry E, Padron-Regalado E, Escudero González NA, Joo DL, Rota PA, Crooke SN. Serosurveillance for Measles and Rubella. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:816. [PMID: 39066453 PMCID: PMC11281569 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12070816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Measles and rubella remain global health threats, despite the availability of safe and effective vaccines. Estimates of population immunity are crucial for achieving elimination goals and assessing the impact of vaccination programs, yet conducting well-designed serosurveys can be challenging, especially in resource-limited settings. In this review, we provide a comprehensive assessment of 130 measles and rubella studies published from January 2014 to January 2024. Methodologies and design aspects of serosurveys varied greatly, including sample size, assay type, and population demographics. Most studies utilized enzyme immunoassays for IgG detection. Sample sizes showed diverse sampling methods but favored convenience sampling despite its limitations. Studies spanned 59 countries, predominantly including adults, and revealed disparities in seroprevalence across demographics, regions, and notably among migrants and women. Age-related declines in antibodies were observed, particularly among infants, and correlations between vaccination status and seropositivity varied. We conclude with an outlook on measles and rubella serosurveillance, emphasizing the need for proper survey design and the advantages of standardized, multiplex serology assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephen N. Crooke
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA (D.L.J.); (P.A.R.)
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Alshiban NM, Aleyiydi MS, Nassar MS, Alhumaid NK, Almangour TA, Tawfik YM, Damiati LA, Almutairi AS, Tawfik EA. Epidemiologic and clinical updates on viral infections in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:102126. [PMID: 38966679 PMCID: PMC11223122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, the world has witnessed devastating pandemics affecting the global healthcare infrastructure and disrupting society and the economy worldwide. Among all pathogens, viruses play a critical role that is associated with outbreaks due to their wide range of species, involvement of animal hosts, easily transmitted to humans, and increased rates of infectivity. Viral disease outbreaks threaten public health globally due to the challenges associated with controlling and eradicating them. Implementing effective viral disease control programs starts with ongoing surveillance data collection and analyses to detect infectious disease trends and patterns, which is critical for maintaining public health. Viral disease control strategies include improved hygiene and sanitation facilities, eliminating arthropod vectors, vaccinations, and quarantine. The Saudi Ministry of Health (MOH) and the Public Health Authority (also known as Weqayah) in Saudi Arabia are responsible for public health surveillance to control and prevent infectious diseases. The notifiable viral diseases based on the Saudi MOH include hepatitis diseases, viral hemorrhagic fevers, respiratory viral diseases, exanthematous viral diseases, neurological viral diseases, and conjunctivitis. Monitoring trends and detecting changes in these viral diseases is essential to provide proper interventions, evaluate the established prevention programs, and develop better prevention strategies. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the epidemiological updates of the recently reported viral infections in Saudi Arabia and to provide insights into the recent clinical treatment and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura M. Alshiban
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munirah S. Aleyiydi
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed S. Nassar
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada K. Alhumaid
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer A. Almangour
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya M.K. Tawfik
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila A. Damiati
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Essam A. Tawfik
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
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Karabey M, Karabulut N, Alaçam S, Gündüz A, Caymaz C, Altuntaş Aydin Ö. Increase in measles cases in a City hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Cent Eur J Public Health 2024; 32:125-131. [PMID: 39069316 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a7981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Measles cases are increasing remarkably in our country as well as all over the world. In this study, it was aimed to examine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of measles cases detected in our hospital, as well as the measles seroprevalence in our region. METHODS A total of 7,452 individuals whose measles IgG and/or IgM antibodies were studied between December 2021 and March 2023 in the Medical Virology Laboratory in Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital were included in this retrospective study. Measles IgG and IgM antibodies were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Demographic information, clinical symptoms and laboratory data of the participants were obtained from the hospital's electronic medical records. RESULTS A total of 102 measles cases were identified between December 2021 and March 2023. Of these cases, 77 (75.5%) patients were ≤ 18 years old. Of the 73 measles cases with vaccination information, 90% were unvaccinated. The measles seroprevalence rate was 72.8%. The lowest seroprevalence rate (4.8%) among the age groups was found in 8-11-month-old babies, the highest cases rate (35.7%) was detected in this age group. It was determined that measles immunity increased with age (r = 0.276, p < 0.001) and was over 89.3% over the age of 30. CONCLUSIONS Measles immunity is insufficient in our region and measles remains an important public health problem until the age of 18. The recent increase in measles cases in our country and around the world shows that current vaccination programmes need to be implemented more decisively and strictly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Karabey
- Department of Medical Virology, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nuran Karabulut
- Department of Medical Virology, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sema Alaçam
- Department of Medical Virology, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Gündüz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Canan Caymaz
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özlem Altuntaş Aydin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
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Grassi T, Bagordo F, Rota MC, Dettori M, Baldovin T, Napolitano F, Panico A, Massaro E, Marchi S, Furfaro G, Immordino P, Savio M, Gabutti G. Seroprevalence of measles antibodies in the Italian general population in 2019-2020. Vaccine 2024:S0264-410X(24)00637-6. [PMID: 38821819 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
In Italy, the measles elimination target has not yet been reached despite a significant reduction in cases. A multicenter study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of anti-measles (MV) IgG antibodies in the Italian population by age, sex and geographical area. To determine the level of MV-specific antibodies in sera, the immunoenzymatic assay ELISA was used (Enzygnost Anti-VZV/IgG, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostic Products GmbH, Germany). Overall, 3746 serum samples collected in the years 2019-20 from healthy subjects aged 6-64 years residing in 13 Italian regions. The overall seroprevalence of anti-MV IgG was 91.2 % (90.6 % male, 91.7 % female). Significantly higher seroprevalence values (p < 0.05) were recorded for the extreme age groups of the study population (6-9 years: 94.2 %; 40-64 years: 97.6 %). Subjects 20-39 and 40-64 years old had significantly higher antibody titers suggesting a protection against measles mainly derived from natural infection. Seroprevalence was significantly higher in the South (93.2 %) than in the Northern-Central Italy (88.9 %). The results indicate an increase in the overall seroprevalence data compared to previous investigations. However, further efforts must be made to implement and maintain high measles vaccination coverage to avoid the risk of future epidemic outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Grassi
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Francesco Bagordo
- Dept. of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Rota
- Dept. of Infectious Diseases, Italian Institute of Health (ISS), Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Dettori
- Dept. of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Tatjana Baldovin
- Dept. of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Hygiene and Public Health Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Napolitano
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Elvira Massaro
- Dept. of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Serena Marchi
- Dept. of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gabriella Furfaro
- S.C. Biochimica Clinica (Baldi e Riberi), A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Palmira Immordino
- Dept. of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marta Savio
- Dept. of Public Health, OU of Hygiene, LHU Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gabutti
- National Coordinator of the Working Group "Vaccines and Immunization Policies", Italian Society of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Italy
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Okura T, Miyakawa K, Tahara M, Someya K, Seki F, Nishi M, Otsuki N, Ryo A. Rapid quantitative detection system for measles virus-neutralizing antibodies using HiBiT-tagged virus-like particles. Microbiol Immunol 2024; 68:160-164. [PMID: 38414102 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Immunological testing to detect neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) is important in measles (MV) infection control. Currently, the plaque reduction neutralization test is the only credible method for measuring actual virus NAbs; however, its feasibility is hampered by drawbacks, such as long turnaround times, low throughput, and the need for laboratory biosafety equipment. To solve these problems, we developed a simple and rapid MV-NAb detection system using lentivirus-based virus-like particles incorporated with the NanoLuc fragment peptide HiBiT comprising the MV fusion protein and hemagglutinin on their exterior surface. Overall, this simple, safe, and rapid method could be used to detect MV NAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Okura
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Miyakawa
- Center for Influenza and Respiratory Virus Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maino Tahara
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Someya
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumio Seki
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayuko Nishi
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Otsuki
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Zibolenová J, Malobická E, Ulbrichtová R, Novák M, Chladná Z, Waczulíková I, Litvová S, Mikas J, Mečochová A, Hudečková H. Probability of exposure to the wild measles virus in adult population - Estimation from seroepidemiology and historical data. Vaccine 2024; 42:1648-1655. [PMID: 38342718 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Vaccination against measles is one of the most effective public health interventions which has saved millions of lives and interrupted circulation of the natural virus in the population. However, it is widely accepted that the immunity after vaccination can wane, especially in those who have had no contact with the virus. This study aimed to classify the particular birth cohorts of adults with regard to their exposure to the wild measles virus in the population with a long history of mandatory vaccination. We introduced two methods. In the first, we estimated the probability of exposure to the wild virus through an analysis of antibody levels from the Immunologic Survey performed in the Slovak Republic in 2018, while the second was based on historical epidemiological data. Both methods resulted in similar estimations. Cohorts born in Slovakia before 1964 can be considered to be cohorts in which most people were exposed to the wild measles virus. Cohorts born after 1977 can be designated as cohorts that most likely did not come into the contact with the wild virus. Cohorts born between 1965 and 1976 are composed of a mixture, with a decreasing proportion of people exposed to the wild virus with increasing year of birth. The proposed methods can help identify potential immunity gaps in the adult population. They can be applied in other countries with high measles vaccination coverage to estimate the probability of exposure to the wild measles virus in particular birth cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Zibolenová
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 11149/4B, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Eva Malobická
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 11149/4B, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Romana Ulbrichtová
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 11149/4B, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Martin Novák
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 11149/4B, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Zuzana Chladná
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina F1, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Iveta Waczulíková
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina F1, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Slávka Litvová
- Faculty of Healthcare, Alexander Dubcek University of Trencin, Trencin, Slovakia
| | - Ján Mikas
- Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic, Trnavská cesta 52, 826 45 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Adriana Mečochová
- Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic, Trnavská cesta 52, 826 45 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Henrieta Hudečková
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 11149/4B, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
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Gogoi M, Martin CA, Bird PW, Wiselka MJ, Gardener J, Ellis K, Renals V, Lewszuk AJ, Hargreaves S, Pareek M. Risk of vaccine preventable diseases in UK migrants: A serosurvey and concordance analysis. J Migr Health 2024; 9:100217. [PMID: 38455071 PMCID: PMC10918253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2024.100217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) such as measles and rubella cause significant morbidity and mortality globally every year. The World Health Organization (WHO), reported vaccine coverage for both measles and rubella to be 71 % in 2019, indicating an immunity gap. Migrants in the EU/EEA may be at high risk of VPDs due to under-immunisation and poor living conditions. However, there are limited data on VPD seroprotection rates amongst migrants living in the United Kingdom (UK). Methods We conducted an exploratory cross-sectional serosurvey amongst a sample of adult migrants living in Leicester, UK to: (a) determine seroprotection rates for measles, varicella zoster, and rubella in this group; (b) identify risk factors associated with seronegativity and, (c) understand if self-reported vaccine or diseases history is an effective measure of seroprotection. Participants gave a blood sample and completed a questionnaire asking basic demographic details and vaccine and disease history for the three VPDs. We summarised the data using median and interquartile range (IQR) for non-parametric continuous variables and count and percentage for categorical variables. We used logistic regression to establish predictors of seroprotection against these diseases. We examined the reliability of self-reported vaccination/disease history for prediction of seroprotection through a concordance analysis. Results 149 migrants were included in the analysis. Seroprotection rates were: varicella zoster 98 %, rubella 92.6 % and measles 89.3 %. Increasing age was associated with seroprotection (OR 1.07 95 % CI 1.01-1.13 for each year increase in age). Migrants from Africa and the Middle East (aOR 15.16 95 % CI 1.31 - 175.06) and South/East Asia and Pacific regions (aOR 15.43 95 %CI 2.38 - 100.00) are significantly more likely to be seroprotected against measles as compared to migrants from Europe and Central Asia. The proportions of migrants unsure about their vaccination and disease history combined were 53.0 % for measles; 57.7 % for rubella; 43.0 % for varicella. There was no agreement between self-reported vaccination/disease history and serostatus. Conclusion Our findings suggest lower levels of seroprotection against measles in migrants living in Leicester, UK, with younger migrants and those from Europe and Central Asia more likely to lack seroprotection. A high proportion of surveyed migrants were unaware of their vaccination/disease history and self-reported vaccine/disease was a poor predictor of seroprotection against VPDs which is important for clinical decision-making regarding catch-up vaccination in this population. Our results, although derived from a small sample, suggest that there may be gaps in seroimmunity for certain VPDs in particular migrant populations. These findings should inform future qualitative studies investigating barriers to vaccine uptake in migrants and population-level seroprevalence studies aimed at determining individualised risk profiles based on demographic and migration factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Gogoi
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, UK
- Development Centre for Population Health, University of Leicester, UK
| | - Christopher A. Martin
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, UK
- Development Centre for Population Health, University of Leicester, UK
- Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Paul W. Bird
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, UK
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Martin J. Wiselka
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, UK
- Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Judi Gardener
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Kate Ellis
- Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Valerie Renals
- Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Adam J. Lewszuk
- Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Sally Hargreaves
- Migrant Health Research Group, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Manish Pareek
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, UK
- Development Centre for Population Health, University of Leicester, UK
- Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
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Javaid H, Prasad P, De Golovine A, Hasbun R, Jyothula S, Machicao V, Bynon JS, Ostrosky L, Nigo M. Seroprevalence of Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella-Zoster Virus and Seroresponse to the Vaccinations in Adult Solid Organ Transplant Candidates. Transplantation 2023; 107:2279-2284. [PMID: 37309028 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Updating live vaccines such as measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (MMRV) is an important step in preparing patients for solid organ transplant (SOT) to prevent morbidity from these preventable diseases. However, data for this approach are scarce. Thus, we aimed to describe the seroprevalence of MMRV and the efficacy of the vaccines in our transplant center. METHODS Pre-SOT candidates >18 y of age were retrospectively retrieved from SOT database in Memorial Hermann Hospital Texas Medical Center. MMRV serologies are routinely screened at the time of pretransplant evaluation. We divided patients into 2 groups: MMRV-positive group versus MMRV-negative group, patients with positive all MMRV serologies and with negative immunity to at least 1 dose of MMRV, respectively. RESULTS A total of 1213 patients were identified. Three hundred ninety-four patients (32.4%) did not have immunity to at least 1 dose of MMRV. Multivariate analysis was conducted. Older age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.04) and liver transplant candidates (OR: 1.71) were associated with seropositivity. Previous history of SOT (OR: 0.54) and pancreas/kidney transplant candidates (OR: 0.24) were associated with seronegativity. Among 394 MMRV seronegative patients, 60 patients received 1 dose of MMR vaccine and 14 patients received 1 dose of varicella-zoster virus vaccine without severe adverse events. A total of 35% (13/37) of patients who had follow-up serologies did not have a serological response. CONCLUSIONS A significant number of pre-SOT candidates were not immune to at least 1 dose of MMRV. This highlights the importance of MMRV screening and vaccinations pre-SOT. Postvaccination serological confirmation should be performed to evaluate the necessity for a second dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Javaid
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Pooja Prasad
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Aleksandra De Golovine
- Division of Renal Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Rodrigo Hasbun
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Soma Jyothula
- Division of Critical Care, Pulmonary, Sleep and Lung Transplant Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Victor Machicao
- Division of Transplant Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - John S Bynon
- Division of Immunology and Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Luis Ostrosky
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Masayuki Nigo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
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9
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Zibolenová J, Hudečková H, Chladná Z, Malobická E, Novák M, Waczulíková I, Mikas J, Mečochová A. Quantification of Waning Immunity After Measles Vaccination-Evidence From a Seroprevalence Study. Am J Epidemiol 2023; 192:1379-1385. [PMID: 36935110 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to quantify rates of waning immunity after measles vaccination from seroprevalence data collected in a study of a population with high vaccination coverage and a fixed vaccination schedule. Data were collected during a national survey (the Immunological Survey) carried out in the Slovak Republic in 2018. The average rate of waning immunity against measles after the first dose of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine (ages 1.5-10 years) was 9.7% per year from the geometric mean titer value of 2,634 mUI/mL. The average waning rate after the second dose of MMR vaccine (ages 10-33 years) was significantly lower: 4.8% per year from the lower geometric mean titer of 1,331 mUI/mL. This decline in antibody levels suggests that vaccine-induced protection may be compromised and results in an increase in the proportion of seronegative/borderline individuals. These outcomes may provide a valuable source for critical assessment of direct and indirect effects of MMR vaccination.
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10
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Roslan M, Mohd Nisfu FR, Arzmi MH, Abdul Wahab R, Zainuddin N. Antibody Response against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Vaccines in Infected Individuals: A Systematic Review. Malays J Med Sci 2023; 30:8-24. [PMID: 37655145 PMCID: PMC10467589 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2023.30.4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with a history of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exhibit memory immunity acquired during natural infection. However, a decline in immunity after infection renders these individuals vulnerable to re-infection, in addition to a higher risk of infection with new variants. This systematic review examined related studies to elucidate the antibody response in these infected individuals after messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccination. Hence, the focus of this review was to ascertain differences in the concentration of binding and neutralising antibodies of previously infected individuals in comparison to those of infection-naïve individuals after administration of two doses of mRNA vaccination through available case-control and cohort studies. Positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test or detectable anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies at the baseline in included studies showed categorisation of infected and uninfected individuals. This review utilised three online databases: PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane with the following keywords: (COVID-19 OR 'Coronavirus Disease 2019' OR SARS-CoV-2) AND Immun* AND (Pfizer OR BioNTech OR BNT162b2 OR Comirnaty OR Moderna OR mRNA-1273) from January 2019 to July 2021. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol (PRISMA-P) 2020 guidelines and assessment based on the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool (CCAT), we included 13 related qualified papers of observational studies discerning the binding and neutralising antibody concentrations of infected and uninfected individuals after administration of mRNA vaccines, such as the BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccine. The mRNA vaccines induced robust binding and neutralising antibody responses in both groups. However, infected individuals showed induction of higher antibody responses in a shorter time compared to uninfected individuals. Hence, a single dose of mRNA vaccination for infected individuals may be sufficient to reach the same level of antibody concentration as that observed in uninfected individuals after receiving two doses of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madihah Roslan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Farah Ratulfazira Mohd Nisfu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hafiz Arzmi
- Department of Fundamental Dental and Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Ridhwan Abdul Wahab
- International Medical School, Management and Science University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norafiza Zainuddin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
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11
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Nasika A, Bogogiannidou Z, Mouchtouri VA, Dadouli K, Kyritsi MA, Vontas A, Voulgaridi I, Tsinaris Z, Kola K, Matziri A, Lianos AG, Kalala F, Petinaki E, Speletas M, Hadjichristodoulou C. Measles Immunity Status of Greek Population after the Outbreak in 2017-2018: Results from a Seroprevalence National Survey. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1220. [PMID: 37515036 PMCID: PMC10385097 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate data on susceptibility rates against measles in the general population of Greece are scarce. Many studies have estimated the vaccination coverage, but none have calculated the nationwide immunity rate, including all age groups, against the measles virus. The purpose of our study was to determine the measles immunity status, especially after the latest outbreak in 2017-2018. In total, 3972 leftover blood samples were obtained during 2020-2021. They were collected from a nationwide laboratory network using a geographically stratified sampling strategy and were tested for the presence of measles-specific IgG antibodies. The overall crude seroprevalence was calculated to be 89.6% and the adjusted was 89.8% (95% CI: 88.8-90.8%). There was no statistically significant difference in seropositivity between sexes (p = 0.783). Higher immunity rates and antibody concentrations were found in older age groups ≥41 years old (94.9%, 95% CI: 93.7-95.9%, and 730.0 mIU/mL) in comparison with younger individuals aged 1-40 years old (83.4%, 95% CI: 81.6-85.7%, and 616.5 mIU/mL). Comparing the seroprevalence among the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS 2), a statistically significant difference was estimated among them (<0.001). The two regions where higher measles incidence was observed during the 2017-2018 outbreak, Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, and Western Greece, were among the four regions with lower seropositivity (84.6%, 95% CI: 79.9-89.4%, and 85.9%, 95% CI: 81.4-90.4%, respectively). Our study showed a measles immunity gap that affects the younger age groups and makes a new measles outbreak likely. The enforcement of vaccination campaigns and addressing vaccine hesitancy could bridge it and achieve the required target of herd immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asimina Nasika
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, Greece
| | - Zacharoula Bogogiannidou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, Greece
| | - Varvara A Mouchtouri
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, Greece
| | - Katerina Dadouli
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria A Kyritsi
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, Greece
| | - Alexandros Vontas
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioanna Voulgaridi
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, Greece
| | - Zafeiris Tsinaris
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantina Kola
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, Greece
| | - Alexia Matziri
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Lianos
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, Greece
| | - Fani Kalala
- Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Efthimia Petinaki
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Matthaios Speletas
- Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
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12
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Kia M, Nekooei F, Alipour AH, Hashemi SMA, Salimi V, Fattahi MJ, Lankarani KB, Sarvari J. Investigation of the Seroprevalence of Antimeasles Immunoglobulin G Antibody in Students at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Viral Immunol 2023; 36:424-428. [PMID: 37566488 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2023.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Measles is an acute, highly contagious disease with a high mortality rate in children. Although vaccination has reduced measles incidence, outbreaks still occur. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the frequency of antimeasles immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody (Ab) among students at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS). Four hundred fifty SUMS students were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Information on demographics and measles vaccination history was collected using a questionnaire. Participants were divided into two groups, including A and B, according to routine doses of measles vaccine and the national measles/rubella immunization program. The antimeasles IgG Abs were tested using a commercial Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Kit. Participants ranged in age from 18 to 48 years, with a mean age of 22.2 (±4.3). Fifty percent of the subjects were male. Our results showed that 63.6% of the cases were positive for antimeasles IgG Abs. The seroprevalence of IgG Abs between groups A and B did not differ significantly (p = 0.612). There was also no significant correlation between the seroprevalence of antimeasles IgG Abs and the age (p = 0.43) or sex (p = 0.24) of the subjects. The results showed that the frequency of antimeasles IgG Abs is lower than required to prevent the measles virus from circulating. Therefore, a booster vaccination may be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kia
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nekooei
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Alipour
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Vahid Salimi
- Department of Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Fattahi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Heath, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jamal Sarvari
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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13
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Kolakowska A, Brichler S, Delagrèverie H, Marin J, Alloui AC, Cailhol J. Cross sectional survey of Varicella-Zoster virus and measles seropositivity in people living with HIV in a Parisian suburb and a review of current immunization guidelines. Vaccine 2023; 41:3266-3274. [PMID: 37085454 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
According to evidence-based guidelines, vaccines against measles and varicella are generally recommended to susceptible HIV-positive patients, as long as they are not severely immunocompromised. However, routine screening to determine serologic status is not recommended. We conducted a seroprevalence study of anti-measles and anti-Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) antibodies in adults living with HIV (PLWHA) consulting at Avicenne University Hospital in a Parisian suburb. Sera were collected in years 2018-2020 and tested by commercial immunoassays in 268 patients. Most of the patients were born in Sub-Saharan Africa (55 %) and only 23 % in Europe. Measles and varicella seropositivity were present respectively in 91.4 % and 96.2 % of patients. One patient in ten was seronegative to at least one of tested diseases. In the univariate analysis, only younger age (p = 0.027) was associated with a higher risk of measles seronegativity, while shorter time since arrival in France (p < 0.001) and shorter time since HIV discovery (p = 0.007) were associated with a higher risk of VZV seronegativity. In multivariate analysis no association was found. This study highlights the absence of specific risk factors for VZV and measles seronegativity in PLWHA and supports the importance of routine screening, in order to increase immunization rates and reduce risk of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kolakowska
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Seine Saint-Denis, AP-HP, Bobigny, France.
| | - Ségolène Brichler
- Service de Microbiologie Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Seine Saint-Denis, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
| | - Héloise Delagrèverie
- Service de Microbiologie Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Seine Saint-Denis, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
| | - Julie Marin
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, Inserm, IAME, F-93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Ahmed-Chakib Alloui
- Service de Microbiologie Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Seine Saint-Denis, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
| | - Johann Cailhol
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Seine Saint-Denis, AP-HP, Bobigny, France; Laboratoire Educations et Promotion de la Santé, UR3412, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, France.
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14
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Quach HQ, Chen J, Monroe JM, Ratishvili T, Warner ND, Grill DE, Haralambieva IH, Ovsyannikova IG, Poland GA, Kennedy RB. The Influence of Sex, Body Mass Index, and Age on Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses Against Measles After a Third Dose of Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine. J Infect Dis 2022; 227:141-150. [PMID: 35994504 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A third dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR3) is recommended in mumps outbreak scenarios, but the immune response and the need for widespread use of MMR3 remain uncertain. Herein, we characterized measles-specific immune responses to MMR3 in a cohort of 232 healthy subjects. METHODS Serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were sampled at day 0 and day 28 after MMR3. Measles-specific binding and neutralizing antibodies were quantified in sera by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a microneutralization assay, respectively. PBMCs were stimulated with inactivated measles virus, and the release of cytokines/chemokines was assessed by a multiplex assay. Demographic variables of subjects were examined for potential correlations with immune outcomes. RESULTS Of the study participants, 95.69% and 100% were seropositive at day 0 and day 28, respectively. Antibody avidity significantly increased from 38.08% at day 0 to 42.8% at day 28 (P = .00026). Neutralizing antibodies were significantly enhanced, from 928.7 at day 0 to 1289.64 mIU/mL at day 28 (P = .0001). Meanwhile, cytokine/chemokine responses remained largely unchanged. Body mass index was significantly correlated with the levels of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. CONCLUSIONS Measles-specific humoral immune responses, but not cellular responses, were enhanced after MMR3 receipt, extending current understanding of immune responses to MMR3 and supporting MMR3 administration to seronegative or high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Quang Quach
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jonathon M Monroe
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tamar Ratishvili
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nathaniel D Warner
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Diane E Grill
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Iana H Haralambieva
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Inna G Ovsyannikova
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gregory A Poland
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Richard B Kennedy
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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15
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Mathew JL, Riopelle D, Ratho RK, Bharti B, Singh MP, Suri V, Carlson BF, Wagner AL, Boulton ML. Measles seroprevalence in persons over one year of age in Chandigarh, India. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2136453. [PMID: 36279515 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2136453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Measles continues to result in focal outbreaks in India, despite over three decades of universal infant vaccination. The aims of this study were to examine measles immunity in the population of Chandigarh, India, and to compare immunity by vaccination vs. natural infection. In a cross-sectional study of individuals 1-60 years selected from 30 communities within Chandigarh during 2017-2018, measles immunity was assessed using serological surveys. Seropositivity was compared across demographic groups, and by prior history of vaccination and natural history of infection. Among those 1-20 years old, measles seropositivity, and histories of measles vaccination or prior measles diagnosis were separately assessed as outcomes in logistic regression models, with demographic factors as independent variables. Among 1690 participants, 94% were seropositive, and 6% had borderline or negative antibody levels. Of those positive, 30% had prior vaccination, 16% had a history of natural infection, and 54% had an unknown history. Over 50% of individuals among those >20 years old, had unknown history of immunity. In the multivariable regression models, vaccination was more common in younger ages (P < .0001), and in males compared to females (P = .0220), and in those with more education (P < .0001). The majority of the population was seropositive, and seropositivity increased with age. Older age groups were more likely to be protected because of previous natural infection, whereas younger age groups were protected by vaccination. There was inequity in vaccination coverage by gender, and maternal education status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dakota Riopelle
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - R K Ratho
- Department of Virology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Mini P Singh
- Department of Virology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vikas Suri
- Department of Internal Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bradley F Carlson
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Abram L Wagner
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Matthew L Boulton
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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16
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Jang B, Kim HW, Kim HS, Park JY, Seo H, Kim YK. Measles Virus Neutralizing Antibody Response and Durability Two Years after One or Two Doses of Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine among Young Seronegative Healthcare Workers. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10111812. [PMID: 36366321 PMCID: PMC9698570 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there have been several studies regarding the immunogenicity of one or two booster doses of the measles−mumps−rubella (MMR) vaccine in measles-seronegative young adults, limited data are available about how long the immune response is sustained compared with natural infection. This study included seronegative healthcare workers (HCWs) (aged 21−38 years) who received one or two doses of the measles−mumps−rubella (MMR) vaccine and HCWs with laboratory-confirmed measles infection during an outbreak in 2019. We compared neutralizing antibody titers measured using the plaque reduction neutralization (PRN) test and measles-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) using chemiluminescent immunoassays 2 years after vaccination or infection. Among 107 HCWs with seronegative measles IgGs, the overall seroconversion rate of measles IgGs remained 82.2% (88/107), and 45.8% (49/107) of the participants had a medium (121−900) or high (>900) PRN titer after 2 years from one or two booster doses. The measles-neutralizing antibody titers of both PRN titer (ND50) and geometric mean concentration 2 years after natural infection were significantly higher than those of one or two booster doses of the MMR vaccine (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Our results suggest that serologic screening followed by appropriate postexposure prophylaxis can be beneficial for young HCWs without a history of natural infection especially in a measles outbreak setting, because of possible susceptibility to measles despite booster MMR vaccination 2 years ago. Long-term data about sustainable humoral immunity after one or two booster vaccination are needed based on the exact vaccination history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungki Jang
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Seoul 01000, Korea
| | - Han Wool Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14100, Korea
| | - Han-Sung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14100, Korea
| | - Ji Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14100, Korea
| | - Hyeonji Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14100, Korea
| | - Yong Kyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14100, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-380-3724
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17
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Immunogenicity after outbreak response immunization activities among young healthcare workers with secondary vaccine failure during the measles epidemic in Korea, 2019. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:530. [PMID: 35676650 PMCID: PMC9175155 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07511-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite high vaccination coverage, measles outbreaks have been reported in measles elimination countries, especially among healthcare workers in their 20 and 30 s. This study was designed to identify measles-susceptible individuals and to evaluate whether primary or secondary vaccine failure occurred during measles outbreak response immunization (ORI) activities. METHODS The study population was divided into three groups as follows: natural immunity group (Group 1), vaccine-induced immunity group (Group 2), and vaccine failure group (Group 3). We evaluated the immunogenicity of measles among healthcare workers using three methods-enzyme-linked immunoassays, plaque reduction neutralization tests, and avidity assays. The results were assessed at baseline, 4 weeks after, and 6 months after the completion of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination. RESULTS In total, 120 subjects were enrolled, with 40 subjects in each group. The median age of Group 3 was 29 years, which was significantly lower than that of the other groups. The baseline negative measles virus (MeV) IgG in Group 3 increased to a median value of 165 AU/mL at 4 weeks after ORI and was lower than that in Groups 1 and 2. The median neutralizing antibody titer was highest in Group 1, and this was significantly different from that in Group 2 or Group 3 at 4 weeks (944 vs. 405 vs. 482 mIU/mL, P = 0.001) and 6 months (826 vs. 401 vs. 470, P = 0.011) after ORI. The rates of high MeV avidity IgG were highest in Group 2, and these were significantly different from those in Groups 1 or 3 at 4 weeks (77.5 vs. 90% vs. 88.6%, P = 0.03) and 6 months (81 vs. 94.8 vs. 82.1%, P = 0.01) after ORI. CONCLUSIONS Considering the MeV-neutralizing antibodies and IgG avidity after MMR vaccination in measles-susceptible group, vaccine failure is inferred as secondary vaccine failure, and further data regarding the maintenance of immunogenicity are needed based on long-term data. The MeV-neutralizing antibody levels were highest in the natural immunity group, and the primary vaccine-induced immunity group showed the highest rates of high MeV IgG avidity.
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18
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Bianchi FP, Stefanizzi P, Trerotoli P, Tafuri S. Sex and age as determinants of the seroprevalence of anti-measles IgG among European healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine 2022; 40:3127-3141. [PMID: 35491343 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The international literature shows good evidence of a significant rate of measles susceptibility among healthcare workers (HCWs). As such, they are an important public health issue. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of susceptible HCWs in EU/EEA countries and in the UK and to explore the characteristics (sex and age differences) and management of those found to be susceptible. RESULTS Nineteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of measles-susceptible HCWs was 13.3% (95 %CI: 10.0-17.0%). In a comparison of serosusceptible female vs. male HCWs, the RR was 0.92 (95 %CI = 0.83-1.03), and in a comparison of age classes (born after vs. before 1980) the RR was 2.78 (95 %CI = 2.20-3.50). The most recent studies proposed the mandatory vaccination of HCWs. DISCUSSION According to our meta-analysis, the prevalence of serosusceptible European HCWs is 13%; HCWs born in the post-vaccination era seem to be at higher risk. Healthcare professionals susceptible to measles are a serious epidemiological concern. Greater efforts should therefore be made to identify those who have yet to be vaccinated and actively encourage their vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pasquale Stefanizzi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Trerotoli
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Italy
| | - Silvio Tafuri
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Italy.
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19
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Lackner C, Karbiener M, Faltner L, Farcet MR, Kreil TR. Feasibility of identifying plasma donors with high measles neutralizing antibody concentrations for the use of producing a measles hyperimmune globulin for postexposure prophylaxis. Immunol Res 2022; 70:365-370. [PMID: 35266077 PMCID: PMC8906519 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09274-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Immune globulin (IG) is administered as measles postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) in people with primary immunodeficiency disorders or individuals not eligible for live virus vaccination. However, measles virus (MeV) neutralizing antibody (nAb) levels in plasma for fractionation and IG products fractionated thereof have declined. Here, the feasibility of producing a measles hyperimmune globulin (HIG) for PEP of high-risk individuals was investigated. Plasma samples (n = 384) were selected based on donor self-identification for previous MeV infection or vaccination, to determine the MeV-nAb content and compare it to the potency of plasma pools (n = 13) from the current IG manufacture. Convalescent donors have higher mean MeV-nAb concentrations (3.9 IU/mL) than vaccinated donors (2.5 IU/mL), as previously reported. However, their selection would only result in a 1.4-fold elevated nAb concentration compared to current plasma pools, which is not sufficient for HIG production. Interestingly, thirty-two donors (8%) had a MeV-nAb concentration of ≥ 8 IU/mL. The selective use of these plasma donations would result in sixfold higher plasma pool concentrations, which should permit the manufacture of the measles HIG. Further, the longitudinal analysis of a subset of individuals who repeatedly donated plasma at a high frequency revealed only a minor decline (~ 30%) of MeV-nAb levels. Repeat donations of such high-potency donors would thus facilitate the production of the measles HIG. Due to its markedly raised MeV-nAb concentration compared to standard IG, such preparation could significantly shorten infusion time and thus improve the treatment experience for both physicians and patients, especially infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Lackner
- Global Pathogen Safety, Takeda Manufacturing Austria AG, Takeda, Benatzkygasse 2-6, 1221, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Karbiener
- Global Pathogen Safety, Takeda Manufacturing Austria AG, Takeda, Benatzkygasse 2-6, 1221, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Faltner
- Global Pathogen Safety, Takeda Manufacturing Austria AG, Takeda, Benatzkygasse 2-6, 1221, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria R Farcet
- Global Pathogen Safety, Takeda Manufacturing Austria AG, Takeda, Benatzkygasse 2-6, 1221, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas R Kreil
- Global Pathogen Safety, Takeda Manufacturing Austria AG, Takeda, Benatzkygasse 2-6, 1221, Vienna, Austria.
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Dynamic Features of Herd Immunity: Similarities in Age-Specific Anti-Measles Seroprevalence Data between Two Countries of Different Epidemiological History. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11041145. [PMID: 35207418 PMCID: PMC8879765 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11041145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Measles immunization gap(s) raise the concern of potential outbreaks. Both Croatia and Hungary are situated in the vicinity of measles-endemic countries. Potentially compromised immunization activities due to the COVID-19 surge is a ground for concern. Our aim was to compare age-stratified seroprevalence results in the cross-border region. (2) Methods: Anti-MMR specific antibody levels (IgG) of 950 anonymous Croatian samples were compared with previous Hungarian results (n > 3500 samples), and former Croatian seroprevalence data (n = 1205). Seropositivity ratios were determined using our self-developed anti-MMR indirect ELISA (Euroimmun IgG ELISA kits were used as control). (3) Results: Measured seropositivity ratios of the Croatian samples were largely overlapping with our earlier published Hungarian data (the lowest seropositivity ratios were measured among individuals of 34–43 years of age with 78% of seropositivity) and are in accordance with earlier published data of Croatian researchers. (4) Conclusion: Although the epidemiological histories of the two countries are different, analogies in age-specific measles susceptibility have been discovered. We suggest that besides the potential coincidence in vaccination ineffectiveness, the inherent biological dynamics of vaccination-based humoral protection might have also contributed to the experienced similarities. Our findings may also serve as a lesson regarding the current anti-COVID-19 vaccination strategy.
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Seroepidemiology of Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Varicella in Italian Female School Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101191. [PMID: 34696299 PMCID: PMC8538669 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determining the proportion of susceptible workers can represent a first step to the biological risk assessment related to measles, mumps, rubella and varicella exposure. This study aimed to assess the immunity against measles, mumps, rubella and varicella viruses in a cohort of female school workers. METHODS A cross-sectional seroepidemiological study in a sample of 263 school workers undergoing routine annual workplace health surveillance program was conducted. As part of the health surveillance program, serum samples were collected and tested for measles, mumps, rubella and varicella IgG antibodies. RESULTS Overall seropositivity was 90.5%, 85.2%, 94.7% and 97.3% for measles, mumps, rubella and varicella, respectively. In relation to mumps occupation-specific seropositivity, a statistically significant difference was observed, showing the lowest prevalence of protected individuals in other occupation groups. Moreover, in relation to rubella, school workers born in Centre Italy had the lowest seropositivity of protective antibodies and the difference between groups was statistically significant. Measles and rubella seropositivity showed a significant decrease after 2015. CONCLUSIONS This study showed a relevant proportion of school workers susceptible to the aforementioned diseases. These results highlighted the need for proper health surveillance and immunological controls in school workers, especially for females, and provided useful insights to policymakers to select effective strategies aimed at containing the risk of vaccine-preventable diseases at schools.
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Friedrich N, Poethko-Müller C, Kuhnert R, Matysiak-Klose D, Koch J, Wichmann O, Santibanez S, Mankertz A. Seroprevalence of Measles-, Mumps-, and Rubella-specific antibodies in the German adult population - cross-sectional analysis of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1). THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2021; 7:100128. [PMID: 34557838 PMCID: PMC8454806 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The WHO European Region targets the elimination of measles, rubella, and the congenital rubella syndrome and welcomes mumps elimination via the joint MMR vaccine. In a push towards this elimination goal, Germany introduced a recommendation on MMR vaccination for adults in 2010 to prevent increasing numbers of measles cases among adults and to strengthen herd immunity. METHODS The prevalence of anti-measles, -mumps, and -rubella IgG antibodies was analysed in 7,115 participants between the ages of 18 and 79 years in the German Health Interview and Examination Survey. Risk factors of seronegativity of adults born 1970 or later were determined. FINDINGS The seroprevalence of anti-measles IgG antibodies was more than 97% in adults born before 1965 and less than 90% in adults born afterwards. Prevalence and GMTs declined with later years of birth. Seronegativity was associated with two-sided migration background and region of residence in East Germany. For anti-mumps IgG antibodies, the seroprevalence was less than 90% in almost all age groups. Prevalence and GMTs declined with later years of birth. Seronegativity was not associated with any socio-demographic factor. Anti-rubella IgG seropositivity was found in more than 90% of adults born before 1985. GMTs declined in younger age groups. Seronegativity was associated with birth between 1980 and 1993 and male gender. High socio-economic status lowered the odds of being seronegative. INTERPRETATION These data reinforce the implementation of the vaccination recommendation for adults and provide the basis for further evaluation of this measure. FUNDING The Federal Ministry of Health, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Friedrich
- National Reference Centre Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Robert Koch Institute, Seestraße 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ronny Kuhnert
- Epidemiological Data Centre, Robert Koch Institute, General-Pape-Straße 62-66, 12101 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Judith Koch
- Immunization Unit, Robert Koch Institute, Seestraße 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ole Wichmann
- Immunization Unit, Robert Koch Institute, Seestraße 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Santibanez
- National Reference Centre Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Robert Koch Institute, Seestraße 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Mankertz
- National Reference Centre Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Robert Koch Institute, Seestraße 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Meyer KC, Avery RK. Optimizing virus protection in lung transplant recipients: Don't drop the ball. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:2633-2634. [PMID: 33866667 PMCID: PMC8250728 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Meyer and Avery comment on the implications of a study by Hostetler et al. (page 2864), in which screening of a large group of lung transplant candidates revealed that some lacked humoral immunity to measles, mumps, and varicella, especially younger patients and those with cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith C. Meyer
- Department of MedicineK4/910 Clinical Science Center, MadisonUniversity of WisconsinSchool of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Robin K. Avery
- Division of Infectious Disease (Transplant/Oncology)Johns HopkinsBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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24
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Bianchi FP, Mascipinto S, Stefanizzi P, De Nitto S, Germinario C, Tafuri S. Long-term immunogenicity after measles vaccine vs. wild infection: an Italian retrospective cohort study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:2078-2084. [PMID: 33502929 PMCID: PMC8189124 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1871296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The persistence of specific IgG after measles infection and after measles vaccination has not been sufficiently investigated. Current evidence suggests that immunity after the disease is life-long, whereas the response after two doses of measles-containing vaccine declines within 10-15 years. This study evaluated the proportion of individuals with detectable anti-measles IgG in two groups, those vaccinated with two doses of anti-MMR vaccine and those with a self-reported history of measles infection. Among the 611 students and residents who were tested, 94 (15%) had no detectable protective anti-measles IgG. This proportion was higher among vaccinated individuals (20%; GMT = 92.2) than among those with a self-reported history of measles (6%; GMT = 213.3; p < .0001). After one or two MMR vaccine booster doses, the overall seroconversion rate was 92%. An important proportion of people immunized for measles did not have a protective IgG titer in the years after vaccination, but among those who had a natural infection the rate was three-fold lower. This finding should be considered in the pre-elimination phase, given the resurgence of measles cases among individuals who after being vaccinated lost their circulating IgG after several years, especially if they failed to receive a natural booster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Paolo Bianchi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Mascipinto
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Stefanizzi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Sara De Nitto
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Cinzia Germinario
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvio Tafuri
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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25
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Marquis SR, Logue JK, Chu HY, Loeffelholz T, Quinn ZZ, Liu C, Stewart FM, Carpenter PA, Pergam SA, Krantz EM. Seroprevalence of Measles and Mumps Antibodies Among Individuals With Cancer. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2118508. [PMID: 34319355 PMCID: PMC8319758 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.18508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance Although patients with cancer are at an increased risk of infection-related complications, few studies have characterized their vulnerability to measles and mumps. Given the recent outbreaks and increased community vaccine hesitancy, understanding measles and mumps immunity within this population is vital. Objectives To identify a point prevalence estimate of protective measles and mumps antibodies among ambulatory patients with cancer. Design, Setting, and Participants In this cross-sectional study, residual clinical plasma samples were obtained from consecutive patients with cancer at Seattle Cancer Care Alliance/Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, Washington, in August 2019. These samples were tested for measles and mumps IgG using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Patients without cancer were excluded from the analysis. Exposures Patient age, sex, self-reported race and ethnicity, primary disease, receipt of chemotherapy in the past 30 days before sample collection, hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) history, and date of most recent intravenous immunoglobulin treatment were abstracted from electronic medical records. Main Outcomes and Measures Measles and mumps IgG seroprevalence, defined as the proportion of patients with positive antibody test results, was measured overall and among the subgroups. Results Of the 959 patients included in the analysis, 510 (53%) were male individuals and the mean (SD) age at sample collection was 60 (15) years. Most patients (576 [60%]) had a malignant solid tumor, and 383 patients (40%) had a hematologic malignant neoplasm; 146 patients (15%) had an HCT history. Overall, the seroprevalence of measles antibodies was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.72-0.78), and the seroprevalence of mumps antibodies was 0.62 (95% CI, 0.59-0.65). The lowest seroprevalences were among patients with a hematologic malignant neoplasm (0.63 for measles and 0.48 for mumps), those with a history of HCT (0.46 for measles and 0.29 for mumps), and those aged 30 to 59 years (0.49-0.63 for measles and 0.41-0.58 for mumps). Conclusions and Relevance In this study, 25% of ambulatory patients with cancer lacked protective antibodies for measles and 38% lacked protective antibodies for mumps. Deficits in protective antibodies underscore patients' increased risk during outbreaks and emphasize the need for community-based efforts to increase herd immunity to protect this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R. Marquis
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jennifer K. Logue
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Helen Y. Chu
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Tillie Loeffelholz
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Z. Z. Quinn
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Catherine Liu
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle
- Antimicrobial Stewardship, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, Washington
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - F. Marc Stewart
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Paul A. Carpenter
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Outpatient Services, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Steven A. Pergam
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Infection Prevention, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, Washington
| | - Elizabeth M. Krantz
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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26
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Casale M, Di Maio N, Verde V, Scianguetta S, Di Girolamo MG, Tomeo R, Roberti D, Misso S, Perrotta S. Response to Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR) Vaccine in Transfusion-Dependent Patients. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060561. [PMID: 34072263 PMCID: PMC8227230 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) still determine significant morbidity and mortality, although a highly effective vaccine is available. Postponing the MMR vaccination until 6 months after the last red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is recommended, but this delay is incompatible with chronic transfusions. The present study aimed at investigating the impact of blood transfusions on the immunogenicity of the MMR vaccine. In this observational study, a group of 45 transfusion- dependent (TD) patients was compared to 24 non-transfusion-dependent (NTD) patients. Immunity to measles was achieved in 35 (78%) TD and 21 (88%) NTD subjects (p = 0.7), to mumps in 36 (80%) TD and 21 (88%) NTD subjects (p = 0.99), and to rubella in 40 (89%) TD and 23 (96%) NTD subjects (p = 0.99). No significant difference was observed in the number of non-immune individuals or those with doubtful protection between the two groups (p > 0.05). The mean IgG value, assayed in 50 pre-storage leukoreduced RBC units, was 0.075 ± 0.064 mg/mL, ten times lower than the level assumed in blood units and considered detrimental to the immune response in TD patients. This work shows a favorable response to MMR vaccination in TD and NTDT patients and paves the way for further larger studies assessing the impact of chronic transfusions on vaccine response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Casale
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (N.D.M.); (V.V.); (S.S.); (D.R.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-08-1566-5698
| | - Nicoletta Di Maio
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (N.D.M.); (V.V.); (S.S.); (D.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Valentina Verde
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (N.D.M.); (V.V.); (S.S.); (D.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Saverio Scianguetta
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (N.D.M.); (V.V.); (S.S.); (D.R.); (S.P.)
| | | | - Rita Tomeo
- Immuno-Transfusion Service, ASL Caserta, 81031 Aversa, Italy; (M.G.D.G.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Domenico Roberti
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (N.D.M.); (V.V.); (S.S.); (D.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Saverio Misso
- Immuno-Transfusion Service, ASL Caserta, 81031 Aversa, Italy; (M.G.D.G.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Silverio Perrotta
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (N.D.M.); (V.V.); (S.S.); (D.R.); (S.P.)
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27
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Sánchez-Alemán MA, Gutiérrez-Pérez IA, Díaz-Salgado N, Zaragoza-García O, Olamendi-Portugal M, Castro-Alarcón N, Parra-Rojas I, Guzmán-Guzmán IP. Low Seroprevalence of Measles-Specific IgG in Children of Three Ethnic Groups from Mexico: Influence of Age, Sex, Malnutrition and Family Size. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9030295. [PMID: 33810023 PMCID: PMC8005116 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reemergence of measles represents a public health problem. The aim of the study was to determine the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against measles in children of three ethnic groups in southern Mexico and the nutritional status and demographic risk factors associated. METHODS A cross-sectional study in 416 school-age children, 207 belonging to the Tlapaneco ethnic group, 101 to the Mixteco group and 108 were considered Mestizo. Sociodemographic data were collected, an anthropometric evaluation of the children was performed and a fasting blood sample was obtained from each child for the measurement of measles IgG antibodies by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). RESULTS From the total sample, 59% of the children were seropositive for IgG antibodies against measles; in contrast, 41% lacked IgG antibodies. Measles antibody seropositivity was higher in girls (64%). 90.5% of 6-year-old children had higher antibodies seroprevalence, compared to the children between 10 and 13 years old (45.5%). In the three ethnic groups, age was negatively correlated with the index standard ratio (ISR) of measles antibody levels and the families with ≥8 members showed less seropositivity. According to the antibodies levels, most of the positive cases remained around 1 Standard Deviation (SD) of the ISR values and no underweight children had antibody levels above 2 SD. CONCLUSIONS The Anti-Measles serological coverage is low in children of three ethnic groups from Southern Mexico and the age, sex, malnutrition and family size are associated factors. Therefore, it is important to strengthen immunization campaigns, principally in vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Sánchez-Alemán
- Center of Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, Mexico; (M.A.S.-A.); (M.O.-P.)
| | - Ilse A. Gutiérrez-Pérez
- Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39087, Mexico; (I.A.G.-P.); (O.Z.-G.); (N.C.-A.); (I.P.-R.)
| | - Nayeli Díaz-Salgado
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico;
| | - Oscar Zaragoza-García
- Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39087, Mexico; (I.A.G.-P.); (O.Z.-G.); (N.C.-A.); (I.P.-R.)
| | - María Olamendi-Portugal
- Center of Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, Mexico; (M.A.S.-A.); (M.O.-P.)
| | - Natividad Castro-Alarcón
- Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39087, Mexico; (I.A.G.-P.); (O.Z.-G.); (N.C.-A.); (I.P.-R.)
| | - Isela Parra-Rojas
- Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39087, Mexico; (I.A.G.-P.); (O.Z.-G.); (N.C.-A.); (I.P.-R.)
| | - Iris P. Guzmán-Guzmán
- Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39087, Mexico; (I.A.G.-P.); (O.Z.-G.); (N.C.-A.); (I.P.-R.)
- Correspondence:
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28
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Ferlito C, Biselli R, Visco V, Cattaruzza MS, Capobianchi MR, Castilletti C, Lapa D, Nicoletti L, Marchi A, Magurano F, Ciccaglione AR, Chionne P, Madonna E, Donatelli I, Calzoletti L, Fabiani C, Biondo MI, Teloni R, Mariotti S, Salerno G, Picchianti-Diamanti A, Salemi S, Caporuscio S, Autore A, Lulli P, Borelli F, Lastilla M, Nisini R, D’Amelio R. Immunogenicity of Viral Vaccines in the Italian Military. Biomedicines 2021; 9:87. [PMID: 33477366 PMCID: PMC7829820 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Military personnel of all armed forces receive multiple vaccinations and have been doing so since long ago, but relatively few studies have investigated the possible negative or positive interference of simultaneous vaccinations. As a contribution to fill this gap, we analyzed the response to the live trivalent measles/mumps/rubella (MMR), the inactivated hepatitis A virus (HAV), the inactivated trivalent polio, and the trivalent subunits influenza vaccines in two cohorts of Italian military personnel. The first cohort was represented by 108 students from military schools and the second by 72 soldiers engaged in a nine-month mission abroad. MMR and HAV vaccines had never been administered before, whereas inactivated polio was administered to adults primed at infancy with a live trivalent oral polio vaccine. Accordingly, nearly all subjects had baseline antibodies to polio types 1 and 3, but unexpectedly, anti-measles/-mumps/-rubella antibodies were present in 82%, 82%, and 73.5% of subjects, respectively (43% for all of the antigens). Finally, anti-HAV antibodies were detectable in 14% and anti-influenza (H1/H3/B) in 18% of the study population. At mine months post-vaccination, 92% of subjects had protective antibody levels for all MMR antigens, 96% for HAV, 69% for the three influenza antigens, and 100% for polio types 1 and 3. An inverse relationship between baseline and post-vaccination antibody levels was noticed with all the vaccines. An excellent vaccine immunogenicity, a calculated long antibody persistence, and apparent lack of vaccine interference were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ferlito
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy; (C.F.); (V.V.); (M.I.B.); (G.S.); (A.P.-D.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (P.L.); (R.D.)
| | - Roberto Biselli
- Ispettorato Generale della Sanità Militare, Stato Maggiore della Difesa, Via S. Stefano Rotondo 4, 00184 Roma, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Visco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy; (C.F.); (V.V.); (M.I.B.); (G.S.); (A.P.-D.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (P.L.); (R.D.)
| | - Maria Sofia Cattaruzza
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy;
| | - Maria Rosaria Capobianchi
- Laboratorio di Virologia, IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale Malattie Infettive “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Roma, Italy; (M.R.C.); (C.C.); (D.L.)
| | - Concetta Castilletti
- Laboratorio di Virologia, IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale Malattie Infettive “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Roma, Italy; (M.R.C.); (C.C.); (D.L.)
| | - Daniele Lapa
- Laboratorio di Virologia, IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale Malattie Infettive “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Roma, Italy; (M.R.C.); (C.C.); (D.L.)
| | - Loredana Nicoletti
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Antonella Marchi
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Fabio Magurano
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Anna Rita Ciccaglione
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Paola Chionne
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Madonna
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Isabella Donatelli
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Laura Calzoletti
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Concetta Fabiani
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Michela Ileen Biondo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy; (C.F.); (V.V.); (M.I.B.); (G.S.); (A.P.-D.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (P.L.); (R.D.)
| | - Raffaela Teloni
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Sabrina Mariotti
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Gerardo Salerno
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy; (C.F.); (V.V.); (M.I.B.); (G.S.); (A.P.-D.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (P.L.); (R.D.)
| | - Andrea Picchianti-Diamanti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy; (C.F.); (V.V.); (M.I.B.); (G.S.); (A.P.-D.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (P.L.); (R.D.)
| | - Simonetta Salemi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy; (C.F.); (V.V.); (M.I.B.); (G.S.); (A.P.-D.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (P.L.); (R.D.)
| | - Sara Caporuscio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy; (C.F.); (V.V.); (M.I.B.); (G.S.); (A.P.-D.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (P.L.); (R.D.)
| | - Alberto Autore
- Centro Sperimentale di Volo, Comando Logistico, Aeronautica Militare, Aeroporto Pratica di Mare, Via Pratica di Mare 45, 00040 Pomezia, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Lulli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy; (C.F.); (V.V.); (M.I.B.); (G.S.); (A.P.-D.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (P.L.); (R.D.)
| | - Francesco Borelli
- Servizio Sanitario, Reggimento Lancieri di Montebello, Esercito Italiano, Via Flaminia 826, 00191 Roma, Italy;
| | - Marco Lastilla
- Osservatorio Epidemiologico della Difesa, Ispettorato Generale della Sanità Militare, Stato Maggiore della Difesa, Via S. Stefano Rotondo 4, 00184 Roma, Italy;
| | - Roberto Nisini
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Raffaele D’Amelio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy; (C.F.); (V.V.); (M.I.B.); (G.S.); (A.P.-D.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (P.L.); (R.D.)
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Saad-Roy CM, Wagner CE, Baker RE, Morris SE, Farrar J, Graham AL, Levin SA, Mina MJ, Metcalf CJE, Grenfell BT. Immune life history, vaccination, and the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 over the next 5 years. Science 2020; 370:811-818. [PMID: 32958581 PMCID: PMC7857410 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd7343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The future trajectory of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic hinges on the dynamics of adaptive immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); however, salient features of the immune response elicited by natural infection or vaccination are still uncertain. We use simple epidemiological models to explore estimates for the magnitude and timing of future COVID-19 cases, given different assumptions regarding the protective efficacy and duration of the adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2, as well as its interaction with vaccines and nonpharmaceutical interventions. We find that variations in the immune response to primary SARS-CoV-2 infections and a potential vaccine can lead to markedly different immune landscapes and burdens of critically severe cases, ranging from sustained epidemics to near elimination. Our findings illustrate likely complexities in future COVID-19 dynamics and highlight the importance of immunological characterization beyond the measurement of active infections for adequately projecting the immune landscape generated by SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadi M Saad-Roy
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Caroline E Wagner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Rachel E Baker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Sinead E Morris
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Andrea L Graham
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Simon A Levin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Michael J Mina
- Departments of Epidemiology and Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - C Jessica E Metcalf
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Bryan T Grenfell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
- Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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30
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Kiltz U, Celik A, Tsiami S, Baraliakos X, Andreica I, Kiefer D, Bühring B, Braun J. [How well are patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases protected against measles?]. Z Rheumatol 2020; 79:912-921. [PMID: 32930874 PMCID: PMC7647965 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-020-00874-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Hintergrund Patienten mit entzündlich rheumatischen Erkrankungen haben aufgrund ihrer Autoimmunerkrankung, aber auch bedingt durch die immunsuppressive Medikation ein erhöhtes Infektrisiko. Obwohl Impfungen in der Primärprophylaxe von Infektionen bekanntermaßen effektiv sind, ist die Impfrate in Deutschland generell zu niedrig. Wegen des zuletzt zunehmenden, teils epidemieartigen Auftretens von Masern ist die Lebendimpfung gegen Masern in Deutschland seit Kurzem gesetzlich vorgeschrieben. Fragestellung Wie viele Patienten mit entzündlich rheumatischen Erkrankungen sind aktuell ausreichend gegen Masern geschützt? Methode Patienten mit entzündlich rheumatischen Erkrankungen des Rheumazentrums Ruhrgebiet wurden zwischen Dezember 2017 und Oktober 2018 prospektiv und konsekutiv eingeschlossen. Dabei wurden Daten zu Erkrankung und Therapie auf Ebene von Substanzklassen sowie die Impf- und Infektanamnese erhoben. Alle Angaben zu Impfungen wurden im Impfpass kontrolliert. Antikörpertiter gegen Masern wurden mit ELISA bestimmt. Als Schwellenwert für einen ausreichenden Schutz gegen Masern wurden 150 mIU/ml festgelegt. Ergebnis Von 975 Patienten konnten 540 (55,4 %) einen Impfausweis vorlegen. Bei 201 Patienten mit Ausweis (37,2 %) lagen dokumentierte Impfungen seit Geburt vor. Insgesamt hatten 45 von 267 nach 1970 geborene Patienten (16,9 %) einen suffizienten Impfschutz gegen Masern. Die anamnestischen Angaben zu einer Masernerkrankung in der Kindheit differenzierten nicht zwischen Patienten mit und ohne protektiven Masern-IgG-Antikörpern. Protektive Masern-IgG-Antikörper wurden bei 901 Patienten von 928 Patienten mit Messung der Masern-IgG-Antikörperspiegel (97,1 %) nachgewiesen. Die unterschiedlichen Wirkprinzipien der aktuellen immunsuppressiven Therapie hatten darauf keinen Einfluss. Diskussion Diese Daten zeigen, dass mindestens 2,9 % der Patienten keinen ausreichenden Schutz gegen Masern haben. Interessanterweise hatte die Mehrheit der nach 1970 geborenen Patienten protektive Antikörper trotz fehlenden Impfschutzes gegen Masern. Die Anstrengungen sowohl im primär- als auch im fachärztlichen Bereich sollten dringend verstärkt werden, um eine adäquate Infektionsprophylaxe bei besonders gefährdeten Patienten gewährleisten zu können.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Kiltz
- Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Herne und Ruhr-Universität Bochum, St. Elisabeth Gruppe GmbH, Claudiusstr. 45, 44649, Herne, Deutschland.
| | - A Celik
- Klinikum Westfalen, Dortmund, Deutschland
| | - S Tsiami
- Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Herne und Ruhr-Universität Bochum, St. Elisabeth Gruppe GmbH, Claudiusstr. 45, 44649, Herne, Deutschland
| | - X Baraliakos
- Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Herne und Ruhr-Universität Bochum, St. Elisabeth Gruppe GmbH, Claudiusstr. 45, 44649, Herne, Deutschland
| | - I Andreica
- Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Herne und Ruhr-Universität Bochum, St. Elisabeth Gruppe GmbH, Claudiusstr. 45, 44649, Herne, Deutschland
| | - D Kiefer
- Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Herne und Ruhr-Universität Bochum, St. Elisabeth Gruppe GmbH, Claudiusstr. 45, 44649, Herne, Deutschland
| | - B Bühring
- Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Herne und Ruhr-Universität Bochum, St. Elisabeth Gruppe GmbH, Claudiusstr. 45, 44649, Herne, Deutschland
| | - J Braun
- Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Herne und Ruhr-Universität Bochum, St. Elisabeth Gruppe GmbH, Claudiusstr. 45, 44649, Herne, Deutschland
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Increasing Measles Seroprevalence in a Sample of Pediatric and Adolescent Population of Tuscany (Italy): A Vaccination Campaign Success. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030512. [PMID: 32911762 PMCID: PMC7565840 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite the National Plan for the Elimination of Measles and congenital Rubella (NPEMcR), in 2017, a measles outbreak occurred in Italy, due to sub-optimal vaccination coverage (<95%) for many years. Since that year, the anti-measles vaccination became compulsory in minors (0–16 years) for school attendance. The aim of our study was to assess the immunity/susceptibility against measles in a representative sample of pediatric and adolescent (1–18 years) residents of the province of Florence (Tuscany, Italy), and to compare these results with two previous surveys (2003 and 2005–2006). Methods: The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied for a qualitative measurement of anti-measles antibodies on 165 sera. The anamnestic and vaccination status was also collected. Results: No measles notification was reported. The overall seropositivity was 88.5%; mostly in the 5–9 years old subjects (97.9%). Among the 152 vaccinated, 92.1% were positive. The seropositivity persisted after many years since the last dose of vaccine and tended to be more long-lasting in those who had received two or three doses. The susceptibility towards measles decreased over time, reaching a lower value in the current survey (8.5%) than in 2003 (30.8%) and in 2005–2006 (25.5%). Conclusions: This study confirmed the anti-measles vaccination campaign success, which allowed for the increase in vaccination coverage and immunity levels against measles in the Florentine pediatric and adolescent population following the NPEMcR implementation.
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32
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Malinová J, Petráš M, Čelko AM. A Serosurvey Identifying Vulnerability to Measles in Health Care Workers. A Hospital-Based Prospective Seroprevalence Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4219. [PMID: 32545706 PMCID: PMC7345454 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this serological survey was to assess the persistence of measles antibodies among health care workers (HCWs) at risk of incidental measles. A prospective study of measles-specific antibodies in serum samples obtained from a total of 2782 participants aged 19-89 years was conducted between May 2018 and December 2019. The seropositivity rate of 93.7% (95% CI: 92.4-94.9%) in fully vaccinated participants aged 19-48 years was significantly lower than that of 98.0% (95% CI: 96.5-99.0%) in participants naturally immunised before 54 years. A cohort of those born in 1971-1975, vaccinated predominantly with one dose, showed lower seropositivity persistence (86.6%) than those fully vaccinated with two doses or naturally immunised. Otherwise, seropositivity was not markedly influenced by sex, age, smoking status, overweight, obesity or concomitant disease. The presence of sufficient antibody levels in a high proportion of HCWs irrespective of the way they acquired immunity is a favourable finding for managing incidental measles; hence, in the presence of a risk of a measles outbreak, it would be possible to perform targeted vaccination of only at-risk HCWs with a history of incomplete vaccination or missing information about the way in which immunity is acquired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Malinová
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, 10000 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (A.M.Č.)
- Faculty Hospital Kralovské Vinohrady, 10000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Petráš
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, 10000 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (A.M.Č.)
| | - Alexander M. Čelko
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, 10000 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (A.M.Č.)
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