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Haque MA, Nath ND, Johnston TV, Haruna S, Ahn J, Ovissipour R, Ku S. Harnessing biotechnology for penicillin production: Opportunities and environmental considerations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174236. [PMID: 38942308 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Since the discovery of antibiotics, penicillin has remained the top choice in clinical medicine. With continuous advancements in biotechnology, penicillin production has become cost-effective and efficient. Genetic engineering techniques have been employed to enhance biosynthetic pathways, leading to the production of new penicillin derivatives with improved properties and increased efficacy against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Advances in bioreactor design, media formulation, and process optimization have contributed to higher yields, reduced production costs, and increased penicillin accessibility. While biotechnological advances have clearly benefited the global production of this life-saving drug, they have also created challenges in terms of waste management. Production fermentation broths from industries contain residual antibiotics, by-products, and other contaminants that pose direct environmental threats, while increased global consumption intensifies the risk of antimicrobial resistance in both the environment and living organisms. The current geographical and spatial distribution of antibiotic and penicillin consumption dramatically reveals a worldwide threat. These challenges are being addressed through the development of novel waste management techniques. Efforts are aimed at both upstream and downstream processing of antibiotic and penicillin production to minimize costs and improve yield efficiency while lowering the overall environmental impact. Yield optimization using artificial intelligence (AI), along with biological and chemical treatment of waste, is also being explored to reduce adverse impacts. The implementation of strict regulatory frameworks and guidelines is also essential to ensure proper management and disposal of penicillin production waste. This review is novel because it explores the key remaining challenges in antibiotic development, the scope of machine learning tools such as Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) in modern biotechnology-driven production, improved waste management for antibiotics, discovering alternative path to reducing antibiotic use in agriculture through alternative meat production, addressing current practices, and offering effective recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ariful Haque
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
| | - Nirmalendu Deb Nath
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA.
| | - Tony Vaughn Johnston
- Fermentation Science Program, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, USA.
| | - Samuel Haruna
- Fermentation Science Program, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, USA.
| | - Jaehyun Ahn
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
| | - Reza Ovissipour
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
| | - Seockmo Ku
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
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2
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Bonnière A, Khaska S, Le Gal La Salle C, Louvat P, Verdoux P. Long-term impact of wastewater effluent discharge on groundwater: Identification of contaminant plume by geochemical, isotopic, and organic tracers' approach. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 257:121637. [PMID: 38701551 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Infiltration of effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) into groundwater can be a source of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs), such as pharmaceutical compounds, that are not fully removed during the treatment processes. A multi-tracer approach, based on hydrogeochemical, isotopic, and organic tracers, is applied in the Vistrenque Aquifer (Gard, France) to assess the dispersion of such unintentional plumes and its potential implication on groundwater quality for CECs in a small catchment area. In this area, a point source of WWTP effluent causes contaminant infiltration and unintentional transfer to the aquifer. This strong impact of an urban effluent was revealed from the Br/Cl ratio, boron concentrations and δ11B isotopic signature of the groundwater in the direct vicinity of the infiltration point. With increasing distance from that point, dilution with groundwater rapidly attenuates the urban signal from these hydrogeochemical and isotopic tracers. Nevertheless, a gadolinium anomaly, resulting from discharges of urban wastewater containing the contrast agents used for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), highlights the presence of a wastewater plume further along the flow line, that comes with a series of organic molecules, including pharmaceutical residues. Monitoring persistent or reactive molecules along the plume provides a more detailed understanding of the transfer of CECs into groundwater bodies. This highlights the relevance of pharmaceutical compounds as co-tracers for WWTP plume delineation. The present multi-tracer approach for groundwater resource vulnerability towards CECs allows a more in-depth understanding of contaminant transfer and their fate in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bonnière
- UPR CHROME, Université de Nîmes, F-30021 Nîmes CEDEX 1, France.
| | - S Khaska
- UPR CHROME, Université de Nîmes, F-30021 Nîmes CEDEX 1, France
| | | | - P Louvat
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, UMR 7154, Paris, France; Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, UMR 5254, Pau, France
| | - P Verdoux
- UPR CHROME, Université de Nîmes, F-30021 Nîmes CEDEX 1, France
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3
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Jerie S, Mutekwa TV, Mudyazhezha OC, Shabani T, Shabani T. Environmental and Human Health Problems Associated with Hospital Wastewater Management in Zimbabwe. Curr Environ Health Rep 2024:10.1007/s40572-024-00452-9. [PMID: 38849638 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-024-00452-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Wastewater is a term used to describe water that has undergone degradation in quality owing to anthropogenic activities or natural processes. Wastewater encompasses liquid waste originating from academic institutions, households, agricultural sector, industries, mines and hospitals. Hospital wastewater contains potentially hazardous substances including residues of pharmaceuticals, radioisotopes, detergents and pathogens, with detrimental impacts to the environment and human health. Nevertheless, studies related to hospital waste management are limited in Africa, particularly in Southern Africa. This research offers an overview of aspects surrounding hospital wastewater in Southern Africa, focusing on Zimbabwe. Already published and grey literature was reviewed to compile the paper. RECENT FINDINGS Number of patients, nature of medical services offered and hospital size influences generation of hospital wastewater. Partially and non-treated hospital wastewater is managed together with municipal wastewater. Management of hospital wastewater is impeded by shortage of resources, lack of co-ordination among responsible authorities and ineffective legal framework enforcement, among other challenges. Inappropriate hospital wastewater management results in environmental contamination, causing human ailments. Attainment of sustainable hospital wastewater management requires clearly defined and enforced legislation, collaboration of accountable stakeholders, sufficient resources and enhanced awareness of involved stakeholders. Application of technologies that uphold recycling and reuse of wastewater is essential to reach Sustainable Development Goals, Zimbabwe Vision 2030 and National Development Strategy 1 targets, particularly those dealing with environmental protection while upholding human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Jerie
- Midlands State University, Department of Geography, Environmental Sustainability and Resilience Building P. Bag, 9055, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - Timothy Vurayayi Mutekwa
- Midlands State University, Department of Geography, Environmental Sustainability and Resilience Building P. Bag, 9055, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - Olivia C Mudyazhezha
- Midlands State University, Department of Geography, Environmental Sustainability and Resilience Building P. Bag, 9055, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - Tapiwa Shabani
- Midlands State University, Department of Geography, Environmental Sustainability and Resilience Building P. Bag, 9055, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - Takunda Shabani
- Midlands State University, Department of Geography, Environmental Sustainability and Resilience Building P. Bag, 9055, Gweru, Zimbabwe.
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4
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Nikhil J, Maneesha P, Chitra KC. Neurotoxic effects of carbamazepine on the mosquitofish Gambusia affinis. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38804213 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2356048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment has gained a significant attention. Carbamazepine, a commonly prescribed antiepileptic drug, has been consistently found in aquatic environments at concentrations ranging from nanograms to micrograms, raising concerns about its potential negative impacts on aquatic organisms. The study examined the acute and chronic neurotoxic effects of environmentally relevant and sublethal concentrations of carbamazepine in the mosquitofish Gambusia affinis. After a 96-hour exposure period, the median lethal concentration (LC50) of carbamazepine for G. affinis was determined as 24 mg L - 1. For the current study, sublethal concentrations i.e., one-tenth (2.4 mg L - 1) and one-fifth (4.8 mg L - 1) of the LC50 value were chosen for assessing the neurotoxic effects along with the environmentally relevant concentration (13 ng L - 1). The research findings indicated that carbamazepine had a disruptive impact on the typical growth and behavior of the fish. During the acute exposure phase, physical deformities were observed in the fish, resulting in neonatal and postneonatal fatalities. Furthermore, the neurotoxic effects of carbamazepine were clearly demonstrated through alterations in various neurological parameters, including acetylcholinesterase, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, monoamine oxidase, 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid, adrenaline, and nor-adrenaline. These findings raise concerns about the survival of fish populations in their natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Nikhil
- Endocrinology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, Kerala
| | - Pootheri Maneesha
- Endocrinology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, Kerala
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Bogusz A, Tomczyk B, Trzcińska M, Mirosław B, Gworek B. Effect of zeolites on the reduction of the ecotoxicity of carbamazepine in the environment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 277:116320. [PMID: 38653020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the impact of calcination of zeolites on the ecotoxicity of carbamazepine solutions in two matrices, water and synthetic sewage, was assessed. Two types of zeolites were tested: natural zeolite, in the form of a zeolite rock consisting mainly of clinoptilolite, and a synthetic zeolite type 5 A. Additionally, zeolites were calcined at a temperature of 200 °C. The kinetics of carbamazepine adsorption in aqueous solutions and in synthetic sewage matrix was determined. Higher adsorption capacity was obtained for carbamazepine aqueous solutions as well as zeolites after the calcination process. Considering type of zeolite, the highest and fastest uptake of carbamazepine was observed for natural zeolite after calcination. In the case of ecotoxicity, carbamazepine solutions before adsorption was the most toxic towards Raphidocelis subcapitata, next Aliivibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna, regardless to the matrix type. The differentiation in toxicity regarding the type of matrix was observed, in the case of algae and bacteria, higher toxicity was demonstrated by carbamazepine solutions in the water matrix, while in the case of crustaceans-the sewage matrix. After the adsorption process, the toxicity of carbamazepine solutions on zeolites decreased by 34.5-60.9 % for R. subcapitata, 33-39 % for A. fischeri and 55-60 % for D. magna, thus confirming the effectiveness of the proposed method of carbamazepine immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Bogusz
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Protection - National Research Institute, Ks. Troszynskiego St. 9, Warsaw 01-693, Poland.
| | - Beata Tomczyk
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Protection - National Research Institute, Ks. Troszynskiego St. 9, Warsaw 01-693, Poland
| | - Magdalena Trzcińska
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Protection - National Research Institute, Ks. Troszynskiego St. 9, Warsaw 01-693, Poland
| | - Barbara Mirosław
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Lublin 20-031, Poland
| | - Barbara Gworek
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Risk Assessment, Institute of Environmental Protection - National Research Institute, Slowicza St. 32, Warsaw 02-170, Poland
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Dumas T, Gomez E, Boccard J, Ramirez G, Armengaud J, Escande A, Mathieu O, Fenet H, Courant F. Mixture effects of pharmaceuticals carbamazepine, diclofenac and venlafaxine on Mytilus galloprovincialis mussel probed by metabolomics and proteogenomics combined approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:168015. [PMID: 37879482 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to single molecules under laboratory conditions has led to a better understanding of the mechanisms of action (MeOAs) and effects of pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) on non-target organisms. However, not taking the co-occurrence of contaminants in the environment and their possible interactions into account may lead to underestimation of their impacts. In this study, we combined untargeted metabolomics and proteogenomics approaches to assess the mixture effects of diclofenac, carbamazepine and venlafaxine on marine mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis). Our multi-omics approach and data fusion strategy highlighted how such xenobiotic cocktails induce important cellular changes that can be harmful to marine bivalves. This response is mainly characterized by energy metabolism disruption, fatty acid degradation, protein synthesis and degradation, and the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress. The known MeOAs and molecular signatures of PhACs were taken into consideration to gain insight into the mixture effects, thereby revealing a potential additive effect. Multi-omics approaches on mussels as sentinels offer a comprehensive overview of molecular and cellular responses triggered by exposure to contaminant mixtures, even at environmental concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Dumas
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Elena Gomez
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Boccard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Gaëlle Ramirez
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Aurélie Escande
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Mathieu
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène Fenet
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédérique Courant
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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7
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Nolte TM. 300-fold higher neuro- and immunotoxicity from low-redox transformation of carbamazepine. Toxicol Rep 2023; 11:319-329. [PMID: 37927955 PMCID: PMC10622881 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current challenges in (eco)toxicology are in understanding the transformation of (reactive) substances, and how transformation affects toxic modes of action. Empirical assessment of transformation products of, practically an infinite number of substances, via experimentation, is impossible. Predicting transformation products for (benchmarking) compounds from conditions, facilitates risk analyses. This study applied calculus to predict transformation products of an important environmental and medicinal/toxicological marker, carbamazepine. As radicals are ubiquitous in humans and the environment, we looked into radical-mediated transformations of carbamazepine as a benchmark. We calculated proportions of their speciation states as function of redox conditions, which we took as pH and O2 concentration, describing transformation via covalent and ionic interactions. Formation of ring-contracted products with neuro-immunological activity is thermodynamically favored under anaerobic conditions and at low pH. Experimentally observed product distributions and toxicities reflect that pattern. Our predictive method may support toxicity predictions for other substances and conditions 'similar' to the current case study via interpolation. This paves the way for a more coherent, effective and easier risk assessment of transformation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom M. Nolte
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud, University Nijmegen, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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8
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Mosur Nagarajan A, Subramanian A, Prasad Gobinathan K, Mohanakrishna G, Sivagami K. Electrochemical-based approaches for the treatment of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118385. [PMID: 37392690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, emerging contaminants (ECs) like pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in water and wastewater have become a major concern in the environment. Electrochemical treatment technologies proved to be more efficient to degrade or remove PPCPs present in the wastewater. Electrochemical treatment technologies have been the subject of intense research for the past few years. Attention has been given to electro-oxidation and electro-coagulation by industries and researchers, indicating their potential to remediate PPCPs and mineralization of organic and inorganic contaminants present in wastewater. However, difficulties arise in the successful operation of scaled-up systems. Hence, researchers have identified the need to integrate electrochemical technology with other treatment technologies, particularly advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Integration of technologies addresses the limitation of indiviual technologies. The major drawbacks like formation of undesired or toxic intermediates, s, energy expenses, and process efficacy influenced by the type of wastewater etc., can be reduced in the combined processes. The review discusses the integration of electrochemical technology with various AOPs, like photo-Fenton, ozonation, UV/H2O2, O3/UV/H2O2, etc., as an efficient way to generate powerful radicals and augment the degradation of organic and inorganic pollutants. The processes are targeted for PPCPs such as ibuprofen, paracetamol, polyparaben and carbamezapine. The discussion concerns itself with the various advantages/disadvantages, reaction mechanisms, factors involved, and cost estimation of the individual and integrated technologies. The synergistic effect of the integrated technology is discussed in detail and remarks concerning the prospects subject to the investigation are also stated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Mosur Nagarajan
- Industrial Ecology Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India; Faculty of Process and Systems Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Aishwarya Subramanian
- Industrial Ecology Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India; School of Process Engineering, Technische Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Krishna Prasad Gobinathan
- Industrial Ecology Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India; School of Process Engineering, Technische Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gunda Mohanakrishna
- Center for Energy and Environment (CEE), School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubli, India.
| | - Krishnasamy Sivagami
- Industrial Ecology Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India.
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9
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Honti M, Zsugyel M, Seller C, Fenner K. Benchmarking the Persistence of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in River Systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:14684-14693. [PMID: 37729605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the persistence of organic micropollutants from field data has been notoriously laborious, requiring extensive data including emissions and chemical properties, and the application of detailed mass-balance models, which often contain parameters that are impossible to measure. To overcome some of these obstacles, we developed the concept of persistence benchmarking for large rivers that receive numerous emissions and provide enough residence time to observe the dissipation of compounds. We estimated the dissipation rate constants of 41 compounds (mostly active pharmaceutical ingredients) from five measurement campaigns in the Rhine and Danube rivers using concentration rate profiles with respect to carbamazepine. Dissipation rates clearly distinguished between known fast- and slow-degrading compounds, and campaign-specific boundary conditions had an influence on a minor subset of compounds only. Benchmarking provided reasonable estimates on summer total system half-lives in the Rhine compared to previous laboratory experiments and a mass-balance modeling study. Consequently, benchmarking can be a straightforward persistence assessment method of continuously emitted organic micropollutants in large river systems, especially when it is supported by field monitoring campaigns of proper analytical quality and spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Honti
- ELKH-BME Water Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márton Zsugyel
- ELKH-BME Water Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Carolin Seller
- Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Fenner
- Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez CE, Ramírez-Morales D, Masis-Mora M, Montiel-Mora JR, Soto-Garita C, Araya-Valverde E, Cambronero-Heinrichs JC, Sànchez-Melsió A, Briceño-Guevara S, Mendez-Rivera M, Balcázar JL. Occurrence and risk assessment of pharmaceuticals in hospital wastewater in Costa Rica. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139746. [PMID: 37549747 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to determine the occurrence, hazard and prioritization of pharmaceuticals from hospital wastewater in Costa Rica through the monitoring of 70 compounds and assessing their environmental risk through a hazard quotient approach (HQ). Moreover, the quantification of selected antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) was conducted for the first time in this matrix in this geographical location. Thirty-four pharmaceuticals were detected, being caffeine, 1,7-dimethylxanthine, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen, ciprofloxacin and ketoprofen the most frequent (>50% of the samples). Eighteen pharmaceuticals exhibited high hazard (HQ ≥ 1), while five more showed medium hazard (1 > HQ ≥ 0.1). Prioritization, which also included frequency parameters, revealed caffeine, lovastatin, diphenhydramine, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, ciprofloxacin, and sildenafil as the compounds of major concern. Similarly, cumulative hazard per sample (ΣHQ) estimated high hazard towards aquatic organisms in every sample. All selected ARGs, except mcr-1 (polymyxin resistance), were detected. Among genes conferring resistance to beta-lactams, blaCTX-M and blaKPC were the most abundant, related to resistance to cephalosporins and carbapenems. Ecotoxicological evaluation showed mostly low toxicity towards Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri, contrary to the marked effect observed towards Lactuca sativa. These findings provide relevant and novel information on the risk posed by hospital wastewater and their pharmaceutical content in the Latin American environmental context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica.
| | - Didier Ramírez-Morales
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Mario Masis-Mora
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - José R Montiel-Mora
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Claudio Soto-Garita
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Emanuel Araya-Valverde
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, 1174-1200, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Juan Carlos Cambronero-Heinrichs
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica; Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Alexandre Sànchez-Melsió
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), 17003, Girona, Spain; University of Girona, 17004, Girona, Spain
| | - Susana Briceño-Guevara
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Michael Mendez-Rivera
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - José L Balcázar
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), 17003, Girona, Spain; University of Girona, 17004, Girona, Spain
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11
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Muangmora R, Kemacheevakul P, Chuangchote S. Fiberglass cloth coated by coffee ground waste-derived carbon quantum dots/titanium dioxide composite for removal of caffeine and other pharmaceuticals from water. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17693. [PMID: 37455966 PMCID: PMC10338977 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Coffee ground waste from the coffee beverage preparation is mainly discarded and consequently ends up in landfill, which cause the contamination of caffeine in various environmental compartments. This study focuses on the upcycling of coffee-ground waste to carbon quantum dots (CQDs) for use as a modifying material to improve the visible light activity of titanium dioxide (TiO2). The CQD solution was synthesized by hydrothermal method, which has an average size of 2.80 ± 0.63 nm. The CQDs/TiO2 photocatalysts were prepared by combining CQD solutions at various amounts with sol-gel TiO2 and then coated on the fiberglass cloths (FGCs). The photocatalytic application mainly focuses on the removal of caffeine from the water. The photocatalytic experiment was preliminary run in a simple batch reactor under visible light. The 5CQDs/TiO2 coated FGC (5 mL of CQD solution/g of Ti-based on sol-gel) showed the best performance, and it was selected for the removal of caffeine and other pharmaceuticals (i.e., carbamazepine and ibuprofen) in the recirculating reactor. The removals of caffeine, carbamazepine, and ibuprofen after irradiation for 9 h were 82%, 88%, and 84%, respectively. The residual concentrations were significantly lower than the reported toxicity levels based on specific species. The changes in total organic carbon were observed, indicating the mineralization of pharmaceuticals in water. The 5CQDs/TiO2 coated FGC showed good flexible performance. No obvious loss of activity was observed for five runs. The actual wastewater from the coffee pot cleaning process was also tested. The removal was 80% for caffeine and 86% for color in the unit of the American Dye Manufacturers Institute (ADMI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattana Muangmora
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut′s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Prachauthit Rd., Bangmod, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Patiya Kemacheevakul
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut′s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Prachauthit Rd., Bangmod, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
- Research Center of Advanced Materials for Energy and Environmental Technology (MEET), King Mongkut′s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Prachauthit Rd., Bangmod, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Surawut Chuangchote
- Research Center of Advanced Materials for Energy and Environmental Technology (MEET), King Mongkut′s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Prachauthit Rd., Bangmod, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
- Department of Tool and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut′s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Prachauthit Rd., Bangmod, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
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12
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Richards LA, Guo S, Lapworth DJ, White D, Civil W, Wilson GJL, Lu C, Kumar A, Ghosh A, Khamis K, Krause S, Polya DA, Gooddy DC. Emerging organic contaminants in the River Ganga and key tributaries in the middle Gangetic Plain, India: Characterization, distribution & controls. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 327:121626. [PMID: 37054870 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The presence and distribution of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) in freshwater environments is a key issue in India and globally, particularly due to ecotoxicological and potential antimicrobial resistance concerns. Here we have investigated the composition and spatial distribution of EOCs in surface water along a ∼500 km segment of the iconic River Ganges (Ganga) and key tributaries in the middle Gangetic Plain of Northern India. Using a broad screening approach, in 11 surface water samples, we identified 51 EOCs, comprising of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, lifestyle and industrial chemicals. Whilst the majority of EOCs detected were a mixture of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, lifestyle chemicals (and particularly sucralose) occurred at the highest concentrations. Ten of the EOCs detected are priority compounds (e.g. sulfamethoxazole, diuron, atrazine, chlorpyrifos, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorobutane sulfonate, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, clothianidin and diclofenac). In almost 50% of water samples, sulfamethoxazole concentrations exceeded predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) for ecological toxicity. A significant downstream reduction in EOCs was observed along the River Ganga between Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh) and Begusarai (Bihar), likely reflecting dilution effects associated with three major tributaries, all with considerably lower EOC concentrations than the main Ganga channel. Sorption and/or redox controls were observed for some compounds (e.g. clopidol), as well as a relatively high degree of mixing of EOCs within the river. We discuss the environmental relevance of the persistence of several parent compounds (notably atrazine, carbamazepine, metribuzin and fipronil) and associated transformation products. Associations between EOCs and other hydrochemical parameters including excitation emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence indicated positive, significant, and compound-specific correlations between EOCs and tryptophan-, fulvic- and humic-like fluorescence. This study expands the baseline characterization of EOCs in Indian surface water and contributes to an improved understanding of the potential sources and controls on EOC distribution in the River Ganga and other large river systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Richards
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Shuaizhi Guo
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Dan J Lapworth
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Debbie White
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Wayne Civil
- Environment Agency, National Laboratory Service, Starcross, Devon, EX6 8FD, UK
| | - George J L Wilson
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Chuanhe Lu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Arun Kumar
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Center, Phulwarisharif, Patna, 801505, Bihar, India
| | - Ashok Ghosh
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Center, Phulwarisharif, Patna, 801505, Bihar, India
| | - Kieran Khamis
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Stefan Krause
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; LEHNA - Laboratoire D'ecologie des Hydrosystemes Naturels et Anthropises, University of Lyon, Darwin C & Forel, 3-6 Rue Raphaël Dubois, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - David A Polya
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Daren C Gooddy
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
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13
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Abajo Z, Jimenez A, Domingo-Echaburu S, Valcárcel Y, Segura Y, Orive G, Lertxundi U. Analyzing the potential environmental impact of NIOSH list of hazardous drugs (group 2). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162280. [PMID: 36822426 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, several pharmaceuticals have been defined as priority substances in the new proposal of the revision of the Water Framework Directive (WFD). Consequently, environmental quality standards have been determined for several drugs. This is the case with the antiepileptic carbamazepine, which is considered as hazardous in healthcare settings by The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). This organism considers as such drugs that have shown teratogenicity, carcinogenicity, genotoxicity or other developmental, reproductive, or organ toxicity at low doses in studies with animals or humans. This study has been focused on the non-carcinogenic drugs classified in group 2, and their presence in the environment. This group contains many different therapeutic agents such as antineoplastics, psychoactive drugs, immunosuppressants and antivirals, among others. Of the 116 drugs included in the list, 26 have been found in aquatic environmental matrices. Certain drugs have received most attention (e.g., the antiepileptic carbamazepine, progesterone and the antidepressant paroxetine) while others completely lack environmental monitoring. Carbamazepine, fluconazole, paroxetine and warfarin have been found in invertebrates' tissues, whereas carbamazepine, oxazepam and paroxetine have been found in fish tissues. The main aim of the NIOSH's hazardous drug list is to inform healthcare professionals about adequate protection measures to prevent occupational exposure to these pharmaceuticals. However, this list contains useful information for other professionals and researchers such as environmental scientists. The paucity of relevant environmental data of certain hazardous pharmaceuticals might be important to help in the prioritization of compounds that may demand further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Abajo
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute
| | - A Jimenez
- School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country
| | - S Domingo-Echaburu
- Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Debagoiena Integrated Health Organisation, Pharmacy Service, Nafarroa Hiribidea 16, 20500 Arrasate, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Y Valcárcel
- Health and Environment Risk Assessment Group, (RiSAMA), University Rey Juan Carlos, Avda Tulipán sn, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medical Specialties and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. Atenas s/n, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Y Segura
- Chemical and Environmental Technology Department, University Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Madrid, Spain
| | - G Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology-UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria, Spain; Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - U Lertxundi
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain. Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba Mental Health Network, Araba Psychiatric Hospital, Pharmacy Service, c/Alava 43, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava, Spain.
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Rodrigues P, Guimarães L, Carvalho AP, Oliva-Teles L. Carbamazepine, venlafaxine, tramadol, and their main metabolites: Toxicological effects on zebrafish embryos and larvae. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130909. [PMID: 36860067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical compounds and their metabolites are found in natural and wastewater. However, investigation of their toxic effects on aquatic animals has been neglected, especially for metabolites. This work investigated the effects of the main metabolites of carbamazepine, venlafaxine and tramadol. Zebrafish embryos were exposed (0.1-100 µg/L) for 168hpf exposures to each metabolite (carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, 10,11-dihydrocarbamazepine, O-desmethylvenlafaxine, N-desmethylvenlafaxine, O-desmethyltramadol, N-desmethyltramadol) or the parental compound. A concentration-response relationship was found for the effects of some embryonic malformations. Carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, O-desmethylvenlafaxine and tramadol elicited the highest malformation rates. All compounds significantly decreased larvae responses on a sensorimotor assay compared to controls. Altered expression was found for most of the 32 tested genes. In particular, abcc1, abcc2, abcg2a, nrf2, pparg and raraa were found to be affected by all three drug groups. For each group, the modelled expression patterns showed differences in expression between parental compounds and metabolites. Potential biomarkers of exposure were identified for the venlafaxine and carbamazepine groups. These results are worrying, indicating that such contamination in aquatic systems may put natural populations at significant risk. Furthermore, metabolites represent a real risk that needs more scrutinising by the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rodrigues
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research - CIIMAR, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences - Biology Department, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - L Guimarães
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research - CIIMAR, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences - Biology Department, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - A P Carvalho
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research - CIIMAR, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences - Biology Department, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - L Oliva-Teles
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research - CIIMAR, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences - Biology Department, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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15
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Chirumbolo S. Comments on the reduction in emerging contaminants in water samples from the Esmeraldas coast (Ecuador). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 881:163242. [PMID: 37004766 PMCID: PMC10085715 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
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16
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Rohner S, Gramer M, Wiesweg I, Scherf-Clavel O, Wohlsein P, Schmelz M, Siebert U, Richter F, Gernert M. Present in the Aquatic Environment, Unclear Evidence in Top Predators-The Unknown Effects of Anti-Seizure Medication on Eurasian Otters ( Lutra lutra) from Northern Germany. TOXICS 2023; 11:338. [PMID: 37112566 PMCID: PMC10142713 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants are produced globally at high rates and often ultimately find their way into the aquatic environment. These include substances contained in anti-seizure medication (ASM), which are currently appearing in surface waters at increasing concentrations in Germany. Unintentional and sublethal, chronic exposure to pharmaceuticals such as ASMs has unknown consequences for aquatic wildlife. Adverse effects of ASMs on the brain development are documented in mammals. Top predators such as Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) are susceptible to the bioaccumulation of environmental pollutants. Still little is known about the health status of the otter population in Germany, while the detection of various pollutants in otter tissue samples has highlighted their role as an indicator species. To investigate potential contamination with pharmaceuticals, Eurasian otter brain samples were screened for selected ASMs via high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Via histology, brain sections were analyzed for the presence of potential associated neuropathological changes. In addition to 20 wild otters that were found dead, a control group of 5 deceased otters in human care was studied. Even though none of the targeted ASMs were detected in the otters, unidentified substances in many otter brains were measured. No obvious pathology was observed histologically, although the sample quality limited the investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Rohner
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Martina Gramer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ivo Wiesweg
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Peter Wohlsein
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Schmelz
- Aktion Fischotterschutz e.V, Otter-Zentrum Hankensbüttel, 29386 Hankensbüttel, Germany
| | - Ursula Siebert
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Franziska Richter
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Manuela Gernert
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
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17
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Salahinejad A, Meuthen D, Attaran A, Chivers DP, Ferrari MCO. Effects of common antiepileptic drugs on teleost fishes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 866:161324. [PMID: 36608821 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are globally prescribed to treat epilepsy and many other psychiatric disorders in humans. Their high consumption, low metabolic rate in the human body and low efficiency of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in eliminating these chemicals results in the frequent occurrence of these pharmaceutical drugs in aquatic systems. Therefore, aquatic organisms, including ecologically and economically important teleost fishes, may be inadvertently exposed to these chemicals. Due to their physiological similarity with humans, fishes may be particularly vulnerable to AEDs. Almost all AED drugs are detectable in natural aquatic ecosystems, but diazepam (DZP) and carbamazepine (CBZ) are among the most widely detected AEDs to date. Recent studies suggest that these drugs have a substantial capacity to induce neurotoxicity and behavioral abnormality in fishes. Here we review the current state of knowledge regarding the potential mode of action of DZP and CBZ as well as that of some other AEDs on teleosts and put observable behavioral effects into a mechanistic context. We find that following their intended mode of action in humans, AEDs also disrupt the GABAergic, glutamatergic and serotonergic systems as well as parasympathetic neurotransmitters in fishes. Moreover, AEDs have non-specific modes of action in teleosts ranging from estrogenic activity to oxidative stress. These physiological changes are often accompanied by dose-dependent disruptions of anxiety, locomotor activity, social behaviors, food uptake, and learning and memory, but DZP and CBZ consistently induced anxiolytic effects. Thereby, AED exposure severely compromises individual fitness across teleost fish species, which may lead to population and ecosystem impairment. We also showcase promising avenues for future research by highlighting where we lack data when it comes to effects of certain AEDs, AED concentrations and behavioral endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Salahinejad
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada.
| | - Denis Meuthen
- Evolutionary Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Anoosha Attaran
- Robart Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5K8, Canada
| | - Douglas P Chivers
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Maud C O Ferrari
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
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18
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Badawy MI, El-Gohary FA, Abdel-Wahed MS, Gad-Allah TA, Ali MEM. Mass flow and consumption calculations of pharmaceuticals in sewage treatment plant with emphasis on the fate and risk quotient assessment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3500. [PMID: 36859508 PMCID: PMC9977761 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30477-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In Egypt, pharmaceuticals consumption increased dramatically owing to the population growth and the unrestricted sale manner. Accordingly, the occurrence and fate of nine common pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) were scrutinized at a sewage treatment plant (STP) in Giza, Egypt. The levels of these PhACs were assessed in different the wastewater treatment stages and dewatered sludge phase using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode arrays detector. The average concentrations of the total PhACs detected in influent, primary sedimentation effluent (PSE) and final effluent (FE) were 227, 155 and 89 µg L-1, respectively. The overall removal efficiency of the individual PhACs ranged from 18 to 72% removal. The occurrence trend revealed that biodegradation and adsorption are the concurrently removal mechanisms of the studied PhACs. The overall consumption per day in West of Greater Cairo was estimated based on influent concentration of STP. Sulfamethoxazole, paracetamol and diclofenac were detected with the highest levels in the influent of STP, PSE and FE as well as in the dewatered sludge. Furthermore, the high concentrations of these compounds in the sludge confirm the adsorption pathway removal of theses PhACs. The risk quotient (RQ) assessment for the detected PhACs in FE is greatly higher than the predicted non-effect concentration (PNEC). Conclusively, the FE of STP is considered a risky source for PhACs in adjacent surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I. Badawy
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Fatma A. El-Gohary
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S. Abdel-Wahed
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Tarek A. Gad-Allah
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. M. Ali
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
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19
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Kocsis G, Szabó-Bárdos E, Fónagy O, Farsang E, Juzsakova T, Jakab M, Pekker P, Kovács M, Horváth O. Characterization of Various Titanium-Dioxide-Based Catalysts Regarding Photocatalytic Mineralization of Carbamazepine also Combined with Ozonation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27228041. [PMID: 36432141 PMCID: PMC9697621 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium-dioxide-based semiconductors proved to be appropriate for photocatalytic application to efficiently degrade emerging organic pollutants such as various herbicides, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals in waters of environmental importance. The characterization of various TiO2 catalysts, both bare and modified (Ag- and/or N-doped), by mechanochemical treatment was carried out in this work, regarding their structure, morphology, and photocatalytic activity. For the latter investigations, carbamazepine, an antidepressant, proved to be applicable and versatile. The photocatalytic behavior of the catalysts was studied under both UV and visible light. Besides the decomposition efficiency, monitoring the intermediates provided information on the degradation mechanisms. Mechanochemical treatment significantly increased the particle size (from 30 nm to 10 μm), causing a considerable (0.14 eV) decrease in the band gap. Depending on the irradiation wavelength and the catalyst, the activity orders differed, indicating that, in the mineralization processes of carbamazepine, the importance of the different oxidizing radicals considerably deviated, e.g., Ag-TiO2 < DP25-TiO2 < ground-DP25-TiO2 < N-TiO2 ≈ N-Ag-TiO2 for O2•− and N-TiO2 ≈ Ag-TiO2 < N-Ag-TiO2 < ground-DP25-TiO2 ≈ DP25-TiO2 for HO• generation under UV irradiation. Toxicity studies have shown that the resulting intermediates are more toxic than the starting drug molecule, so full mineralization is required. This could be realized by a synergistic combination of heterogeneous photocatalysis and ozonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Kocsis
- Environmental and Inorganic Photochemistry Research Group, Center for Natural Sciences, University of Pannonia, P.O. Box 1158, H-8210 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Szabó-Bárdos
- Environmental and Inorganic Photochemistry Research Group, Center for Natural Sciences, University of Pannonia, P.O. Box 1158, H-8210 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Fónagy
- Environmental and Inorganic Photochemistry Research Group, Center for Natural Sciences, University of Pannonia, P.O. Box 1158, H-8210 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Evelin Farsang
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Center for Natural Sciences, University of Pannonia, P.O. Box 1158, H-8210 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Tatjána Juzsakova
- Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, Research Center for Biochemical, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, P.O. Box 1158, H-8210 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Miklós Jakab
- Department of Materials Engineering, Research Center for Engineering Sciences, University of Pannonia, P.O. Box 1158, H-8210 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Péter Pekker
- Environmental Mineralogy Research Group, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, P.O. Box 1158, H-8210 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Margit Kovács
- Environmental and Inorganic Photochemistry Research Group, Center for Natural Sciences, University of Pannonia, P.O. Box 1158, H-8210 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Ottó Horváth
- Environmental and Inorganic Photochemistry Research Group, Center for Natural Sciences, University of Pannonia, P.O. Box 1158, H-8210 Veszprém, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-88-624-000 (ext. 6049)
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Bhardwaj P, Kaur N, Selvaraj M, Ghramh HA, Al-Shehri BM, Singh G, Arya SK, Bhatt K, Ghotekar S, Mani R, Chang SW, Ravindran B, Awasthi MK. Laccase-assisted degradation of emerging recalcitrant compounds - A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 364:128031. [PMID: 36167178 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this review is to provide up to date, brief, irrefutable, organized data on the conducted experiments on a range of emerging recalcitrant compounds such as Diclofenac (DCF), Chlorophenols (CPs), tetracycline (TCs), Triclosan (TCS), Bisphenol A (BPA) and Carbamazepine (CBZ). These compounds were selected from the categories of pharmaceutical contaminants (PCs), endocrine disruptors (EDs) and personal care products (PCPs) on the basis of their toxicity and concentration retained in the environment. In this context, detailed mechanism of laccase mediated degradation has been conversed that laccase assisted degradation occurs by one electron oxidation involving redox potential as underlying element of the process. Further, converging towards biotechnology, laccase immobilization increased removal efficiency, storage and reusability through various experimentally conducted studies. Laccase is being considered noteworthy as mediators facilitate laccase in oxidation of non-phenolic compounds and thereby increasing its substrate range which is being discussed in further in the review. The laccase assisted degradation mechanism of each compound has been elucidated but further studies to undercover proper degradation mechanisms needs to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Bhardwaj
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road3# Shaanxi, Yangling 712100, China; Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Naviljyot Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manickam Selvaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamed A Ghramh
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badria M Al-Shehri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gursharan Singh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Shailendra Kumar Arya
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kalpana Bhatt
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Suresh Ghotekar
- Department of Chemistry, Smt. Devkiba Mohansinhji Chauhan College of Commerce and Science, University of Mumbai, Silvassa 396 230, Dadra and Nagar Haveli (UT), India
| | - Ravi Mani
- Centre for Ocean Research, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road3# Shaanxi, Yangling 712100, China.
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The Preparation and Removal Performance of Carbamazepine/Oxcarbazepine Double Template Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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He Y, Zhang Y, Ju F. Metformin Contamination in Global Waters: Biotic and Abiotic Transformation, Byproduct Generation and Toxicity, and Evaluation as a Pharmaceutical Indicator. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:13528-13545. [PMID: 36107956 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metformin is the first-line antidiabetic drug and one of the most prescribed medications worldwide. Because of its ubiquitous occurrence in global waters and demonstrated ecotoxicity, metformin, as with other pharmaceuticals, has become a concerning emerging contaminant. Metformin is subject to transformation, producing numerous problematic transformation byproducts (TPs). The occurrence, removal, and toxicity of metformin have been continually reviewed; yet, a comprehensive analysis of its transformation pathways, byproduct generation, and the associated change in adverse effects is lacking. In this review, we provide a critical overview of the transformation fate of metformin during water treatments and natural processes and compile the 32 organic TPs generated from biotic and abiotic pathways. These TPs occur in aquatic systems worldwide along with metformin. Enhanced toxicity of several TPs compared to metformin has been demonstrated through organism tests and necessitates the development of complete mineralization techniques for metformin and more attention on TP monitoring. We also assess the potential of metformin to indicate overall contamination of pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments, and compared to the previously acknowledged ones, metformin is found to be a more robust or comparable indicator of such overall pharmaceutical contamination. In addition, we provide insightful avenues for future research on metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhen He
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Feng Ju
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Research Center for Industries of the Future (RCIF), School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 310024, Hangzhou, China
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23
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Removal of Amoxicillin from Aqueous Media by Fenton-like Sonolysis/H2O2 Process Using Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196308. [PMID: 36234843 PMCID: PMC9573736 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
High concentrations of antibiotics have been identified in aqueous media, which has diminished the quality of water resources. These compounds are usually highly toxic and have low biodegradability, and there have been reports about their mutagenic or carcinogenic effects. The aim of this study was to apply zero-valent iron-oxide nanoparticles in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and the sonolysis process for the removal of the amoxicillin antibiotic from aqueous media. In this study, zero-valent iron nanoparticles were prepared by an iron chloride reduction method in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4), and the obtained nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and vibrating-sample magnetometry (VSM). Then, using a Fenton-like process, synthetic wastewater containing 100 to 500 mg/L amoxicillin antibiotic was investigated, and the effects of different parameters, such as the frequency (1 and 2 kHz), contact time (15 to 120 min), the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (0.3%, 0.5%, and 6%), the dose of zero-valent iron nanoparticles (0.05, 0.1, 0.5 g/L), and pH (3, 5, 10) were thoroughly studied. A pH of 3, hydrogen peroxide concentration of 3%, ultrasonic-wave frequency of 130 kHz, zero-valent iron nanoparticles of 0.5 g/L, and contaminant concentration of 100 mg/L were obtained as the optimal conditions of the combined US/H2O2/nZVI process. Under the optimal conditions of the combined process of zero-valent iron nanoparticles and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of ultrasonic waves, a 99.7% removal efficiency of amoxicillin was achieved in 120 min. The results show that the combined US/H2O2/nZVI process could be successfully used to remove environmental contaminants, including antibiotics such as amoxicillin, with a high removal percentage.
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Mussa ZH, Al-Qaim FF. Quantification of 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxy carbamazepine and 10,11-epoxycarbamazepine as the main by-products in the electrochemical degradation of carbamazepine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:62447-62457. [PMID: 35397035 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbamazepine (CBZ) is one of the most widely used antiepileptic drugs in Malaysia. It was detected frequently in wastewater. The electrochemical treatment process has been applied for the degradation of CBZ using graphite-PVC as an anode under these conditions: 0.5 g sodium chloride (NaCl)) as supporting electrolyte, 5 V and 0-60 min electrolysis time in 100 mL of solution. However, 10,11-dihydro10-hydroxy carbamazepine (HDX-CBZ) and 10,11-epoxycarbamazepine (EPX-CBZ) as the main by-product have been analysed and quantified using liquid chromatography-time of flight/mass spectrometry (LC-TOF/MS). Both by-products were analysed in positive ionization mode, and they were separated on a chromatographic C18 column (5 μm, 2 mm × 150 mm) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was applied as a pre-concentration step for the enhancement of the sensitivity and detectability for both HDX-CBZ and EPX-CBZ by-products. Methanol (MeOH) has been selected as the best elution solvent for both by-products compared to methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) and acetone (AC). However, the recovery was 85% and 92% for HDX-CBZ and EPX-CBZ by-products, respectively. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.588 and 0.109 µg/L for HDX-CBZ and EPX-CBZ by-products, respectively. After 20 min of electrolysis time, both by-products HDX-CBZ and EPX-CBZ appeared at maximum concentrations of 343 and 144 μg/L then they were decreased to 17.2 and 9.8 μg/L, respectively, after 40 min. At the end of electrochemical treatment, both by-products were completely eliminated after 60 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Haider Mussa
- College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, Kerbala, Iraq
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fouad Fadhil Al-Qaim
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science for Women, University of Babylon, Hillah, Iraq.
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Chakachaka V, Tshangana C, Mahlangu O, Mamba B, Muleja A. Interdependence of Kinetics and Fluid Dynamics in the Design of Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12080745. [PMID: 36005662 PMCID: PMC9412706 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12080745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic membrane reactors (PMRs) are a promising technology for wastewater reclamation. The principles of PMRs are based on photocatalytic degradation and membrane rejection, the different processes occurring simultaneously. Coupled photocatalysis and membrane filtration has made PMRs suitable for application in the removal of emerging contaminants (ECs), such as diclofenac, carbamazepine, ibuprofen, lincomycin, diphenhydramine, rhodamine, and tamoxifen, from wastewater, while reducing the likelihood of byproducts being present in the permeate stream. The viability of PMRs depends on the hypotheses used during design and the kinetic properties of the systems. The choice of design models and the assumptions made in their application can have an impact on reactor design outcomes. A design’s resilience is due to the development of a mathematical model that links material and mass balances to various sub-models, including the fluid dynamic model, the radiation emission model, the radiation absorption model, and the kinetic model. Hence, this review addresses the discrepancies with traditional kinetic models, fluid flow dynamics, and radiation emission and absorption, all of which have an impact on upscaling and reactor design. Computational and analytical descriptions of how to develop a PMR system with high throughput, performance, and energy efficiency are provided. The potential solutions are classified according to the catalyst, fluid dynamics, thickness, geometry, and light source used. Two main PMR types are comprehensively described, and a discussion of various influential factors relating to PMRs was used as a premise for developing an ideal reactor. The aim of this work was to resolve potential divergences that occur during PMRs design as most real reactors do not conform to the idealized fluid dynamics. Lastly, the application of PMRs is evaluated, not only in relation to the removal of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) from wastewater, but also in dye, oil, heavy metals, and pesticide removal.
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Kamjunke N, Beckers LM, Herzsprung P, von Tümpling W, Lechtenfeld O, Tittel J, Risse-Buhl U, Rode M, Wachholz A, Kallies R, Schulze T, Krauss M, Brack W, Comero S, Gawlik BM, Skejo H, Tavazzi S, Mariani G, Borchardt D, Weitere M. Lagrangian profiles of riverine autotrophy, organic matter transformation, and micropollutants at extreme drought. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 828:154243. [PMID: 35245548 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
On their way from inland to the ocean, flowing water bodies, their constituents and their biotic communities are exposed to complex transport and transformation processes. However, detailed process knowledge as revealed by Lagrangian measurements adjusted to travel time is rare in large rivers, in particular at hydrological extremes. To fill this gap, we investigated autotrophic processes, heterotrophic carbon utilization, and micropollutant concentrations applying a Lagrangian sampling design in a 600 km section of the River Elbe (Germany) at historically low discharge. Under base flow conditions, we expect the maximum intensity of instream processes and of point source impacts. Phytoplankton biomass and photosynthesis increased from upstream to downstream sites but maximum chlorophyll concentration was lower than at mean discharge. Concentrations of dissolved macronutrients decreased to almost complete phosphate depletion and low nitrate values. The longitudinal increase of bacterial abundance and production was less pronounced than in wetter years and bacterial community composition changed downstream. Molecular analyses revealed a longitudinal increase of many DOM components due to microbial production, whereas saturated lipid-like DOM, unsaturated aromatics and polyphenols, and some CHOS surfactants declined. In decomposition experiments, DOM components with high O/C ratios and high masses decreased whereas those with low O/C ratios, low masses, and high nitrogen content increased at all sites. Radiocarbon age analyses showed that DOC was relatively old (890-1870 years B.P.), whereas the mineralized fraction was much younger suggesting predominant oxidation of algal lysis products and exudates particularly at downstream sites. Micropollutants determining toxicity for algae (terbuthylazine, terbutryn, isoproturon and lenacil), hexachlorocyclohexanes and DDTs showed higher concentrations from the middle towards the downstream part but calculated toxicity was not negatively correlated to phytoplankton. Overall, autotrophic and heterotrophic process rates and micropollutant concentrations increased from up- to downstream reaches, but their magnitudes were not distinctly different to conditions at medium discharges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Kamjunke
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of River Ecology, Brückstraße 3a, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Liza-Marie Beckers
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Herzsprung
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department Lake Research, Brückstr. 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wolf von Tümpling
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of River Ecology, Brückstraße 3a, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Lechtenfeld
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Analytics, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Tittel
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department Lake Research, Brückstr. 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ute Risse-Buhl
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of River Ecology, Brückstraße 3a, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Rode
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis, Brückstraße 3a, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Environmental Science and Geography, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alexander Wachholz
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis, Brückstraße 3a, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rene Kallies
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Schulze
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Krauss
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Werner Brack
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse, 13 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sara Comero
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Unit D.02 Water and Marine Resources, Via E. Fermi 2749, T.P. 120, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Bernd Manfred Gawlik
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Unit D.02 Water and Marine Resources, Via E. Fermi 2749, T.P. 120, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Hello Skejo
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Unit D.02 Water and Marine Resources, Via E. Fermi 2749, T.P. 120, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Simona Tavazzi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Unit D.02 Water and Marine Resources, Via E. Fermi 2749, T.P. 120, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Giulio Mariani
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Unit D.02 Water and Marine Resources, Via E. Fermi 2749, T.P. 120, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Dietrich Borchardt
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis, Brückstraße 3a, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Markus Weitere
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of River Ecology, Brückstraße 3a, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany
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Carbamazepine Removal by Clay-Based Materials Using Adsorption and Photodegradation. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14132047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbamazepine (CBZ) is one of the most common emerging contaminants released to the aquatic environment through domestic and pharmaceutical wastewater. Due to its high persistence through conventional degradation treatments, CBZ is considered a typical indicator for anthropogenic activities. This study tested the removal of CBZ through two different clay-based purification techniques: adsorption of relatively large concentrations (20–500 μmol L−1) and photocatalysis of lower concentrations (<20 μmol L−1). The sorption mechanism was examined by FTIR measurements, exchangeable cations released, and colloidal charge of the adsorbing clay materials. Photocatalysis was performed in batch experiments under various conditions. Despite the neutral charge of carbamazepine, the highest adsorption was observed on negatively charged montmorillonite-based clays. Desorption tests indicate that adsorbed CBZ is not released by washing. The adsorption/desorption processes were confirmed by ATR-FTIR analysis of the clay-CBZ particles. A combination of synthetic montmorillonite or hectorite with low H2O2 concentrations under UVC irradiation exhibits efficient homo-heterogeneous photodegradation at μM CBZ levels. The two techniques presented in this study suggest solutions for both industrial and municipal wastewater, possibly enabling water reuse.
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Liang X, Csenki Z, Ivánovics B, Bock I, Csorbai B, Molnár J, Vásárhelyi E, Griffitts J, Ferincz Á, Urbányi B, Ács A. Biochemical Marker Assessment of Chronic Carbamazepine Exposure at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations in Juvenile Common Carp ( Cyprinus carpio). Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061136. [PMID: 35740033 PMCID: PMC9219654 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, the anticonvulsant drug carbamazepine (CBZ) is the most frequently identified pharmaceutical residue detected in rivers. Reported chronic effects of CBZ in non-target freshwater organisms, particularly fish, include oxidative stress and damage to liver tissues. Studies on CBZ effects in fish are mostly limited to zebrafish and rainbow trout studies. Furthermore, there are only a few chronic CBZ studies using near environmental concentrations. In this study, we provide data on subacute effects of CBZ exposure (28 days) to common carp (Cyprinus carpio), employing a set of biochemical markers of damage and exposure. CBZ was found to induce a significant change in the hepatic antioxidant status of fish subjected to 5 µg/L. Moreover, with increasing concentrations, enzymatic and non-enzymatic biomarkers of oxidative defence (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), DNA strand breaks)), toxicant biotransformation (ethoxyresorufin-o-demethylase (EROD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST)), and organ and tissue damage (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cetylcholinesterase (AChE)) were altered. The AChE, LDH, and lipid peroxidation (LPO) results indicate the occurrence of apoptotic process activation and tissue damage after 28 days of exposure to CBZ. These findings suggest significant adverse effects of CBZ exposure to common carp at concentrations often found in surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Liang
- Department of Freshwater Fish Ecology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (X.L.); (Á.F.)
| | - Zsolt Csenki
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (Z.C.); (B.I.); (I.B.); (E.V.); (J.G.)
| | - Bence Ivánovics
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (Z.C.); (B.I.); (I.B.); (E.V.); (J.G.)
| | - Illés Bock
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (Z.C.); (B.I.); (I.B.); (E.V.); (J.G.)
| | - Balázs Csorbai
- Department of Aquaculture, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (B.C.); (J.M.); (B.U.)
| | - József Molnár
- Department of Aquaculture, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (B.C.); (J.M.); (B.U.)
| | - Erna Vásárhelyi
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (Z.C.); (B.I.); (I.B.); (E.V.); (J.G.)
| | - Jeffrey Griffitts
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (Z.C.); (B.I.); (I.B.); (E.V.); (J.G.)
| | - Árpád Ferincz
- Department of Freshwater Fish Ecology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (X.L.); (Á.F.)
| | - Béla Urbányi
- Department of Aquaculture, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (B.C.); (J.M.); (B.U.)
| | - András Ács
- Department of Freshwater Fish Ecology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (X.L.); (Á.F.)
- Correspondence:
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Finckh S, Beckers LM, Busch W, Carmona E, Dulio V, Kramer L, Krauss M, Posthuma L, Schulze T, Slootweg J, Von der Ohe PC, Brack W. A risk based assessment approach for chemical mixtures from wastewater treatment plant effluents. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 164:107234. [PMID: 35483182 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 56 effluent samples from 52 European wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were investigated for the occurrence of 499 emerging chemicals (ECs) and their associated potential risks to the environment. The two main objectives were (i) to extend our knowledge on chemicals occurring in treated wastewater, and (ii) to identify and prioritize compounds of concern based on three different risk assessment approaches for the identification of consensus mixture risk drivers of concern. Approaches include (i) PNEC and EQS-based regulatory risk quotients (RQs), (ii) species sensitivity distribution (SSD)-based hazard units (HUs) and (iii) toxic units (TUs) for three biological quality elements (BQEs) algae, crustacean, and fish. For this purpose, solid-phase extracts were analysed with wide-scope chemical target screening via liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), resulting in 366 detected compounds, with concentrations ranging from < 1 ng/L to > 100 µg/L. The detected chemicals were categorized with respect to critical information relevant for risk assessment and management prioritization including: (1) frequency of occurrence, (2) measured concentrations, (3) use groups, (4) persistence & bioaccumulation, and (5) modes of action. A comprehensive assessment using RQ, HU and TU indicated exceedance of risk thresholds for the majority of effluents with RQ being the most sensitive metric. In total, 299 out of the 366 compounds were identified as mixture risk contributors in one of the approaches, while 32 chemicals were established as consensus mixture risk contributors of high concern, including a high percentage (66%) of pesticides and biocides. For samples which have passed an advanced treatment using ozonation or activated carbon (AC), consistently much lower risks were estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Finckh
- Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity - Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Liza-Marie Beckers
- Department of Aquatic Chemistry, BfG - Federal Institute of Hydrology, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Wibke Busch
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eric Carmona
- Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Valeria Dulio
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Lena Kramer
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Krauss
- Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Leo Posthuma
- RIVM, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tobias Schulze
- Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jaap Slootweg
- RIVM, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Werner Brack
- Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity - Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Ijoma GN, Mutungwazi A, Mannie T, Nurmahomed W, Matambo TS, Hildebrandt D. Addressing the water-energy nexus: a focus on the barriers and potentials of harnessing wastewater treatment processes for biogas production in Sub Saharan Africa. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09385. [PMID: 35600457 PMCID: PMC9118499 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Several anthropogenic activities reduce the supply of freshwater to living organisms in all ecological systems, particularly the human population. Organic matter in derived wastewater can be converted into potential energy, such as biogas (methane), through microbial transformation during anaerobic digestion (AD). To address the current lack of data and values for wastewater generation in Sub-Saharan Africa, this review analyzes and estimates (at 50% and 90% conversion rates) the potential amount of wastewater-related sludge that can be generated from domestic freshwater withdrawals using the most recent update in 2017 from the World Bank repository and database on freshwater status in Sub-Saharan Africa. The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) could potentially produce the highest estimate of biogas in Sub-Saharan Africa from domestic wastewater sludge of approximately 90 billion m3, which could be converted to 178 million MWh of electricity annually, based on this extrapolation at 50% conversion rates. Using same conversion rates estimates, at least nine other countries, including Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon, and Congo Republic, could potentially produce biogas in the range of 1–20 billion m3. These estimates show how much energy could be extracted from wastewater treatment plants in Sub-Saharan Africa. AD process to produce biogas and energy harvesting are essential supplementary operations for Sub-Saharan African wastewater treatment plants. This approach could potentially solve the problem of data scarcity because these values for Freshwater withdrawals are readily available in the database could be used for estimation and projections towards infrastructure development and energy production planning. The review also highlights the possibilities for energy generation from wastewater treatment facilities towards wastewater management, clean energy, water, and sanitation sustainability, demonstrating the interconnections and actualization of the various related UN Sustainable Development Goals.
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Ribbenstedt A, Posselt M, Benskin JP. Toxicometabolomics and Biotransformation Product Elucidation in Single Zebrafish Embryos Exposed to Carbamazepine from Environmentally-Relevant to Morphologically Altering Doses. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:431-439. [PMID: 35166526 PMCID: PMC8941598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Toxicometabolomics
and biotransformation product (bioTP) elucidation
were carried out in single zebrafish (ZF) embryos exposed to carbamazepine
(CBZ). Exposures were conducted in 96-well plates containing six CBZ
concentrations ranging from 0.5 μg/L to 50 mg/L (n = 12 embryos per dose). In the 50 mg/L dose group, 33% of embryos
developed edema during the exposure (120 hpf), while hatching was
significantly delayed in three of the lower-dose groups (0.46, 3.85,
and 445 μg/L) compared to the control at 48 hpf. Toxicometabolomic
analysis together with random forest modeling revealed a total of
80 significantly affected metabolites (22 identified via targeted
lipidomics and 58 via nontarget analysis). The wide range of doses
enabled the observation of both monotonic and nonmonotonic dose responses
in the metabolome, which ultimately produced a unique and comprehensive
biochemical picture that aligns with existing knowledge on the mode
of action of CBZ. The combination of high dose exposures and apical
endpoint assessment in single embryos also enabled hypothesis generation
regarding the target organ for the morphologically altering insult.
In addition, two CBZ bioTPs were identified without additional exposure
experiments. Overall, this work showcases the potential of toxicometabolomics
and bioTP determination in single ZF embryos for rapid and comprehensive
chemical hazard assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Ribbenstedt
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malte Posselt
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan P Benskin
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden
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Dumas T, Courant F, Almunia C, Boccard J, Rosain D, Duporté G, Armengaud J, Fenet H, Gomez E. An integrated metabolomics and proteogenomics approach reveals molecular alterations following carbamazepine exposure in the male mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131793. [PMID: 34364230 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbamazepine is one of the most abundant pharmaceutical active compounds detected in aquatic systems. Based on laboratory exposures, carbamazepine has been proven to adversely affect aquatic organisms. However, the underlying molecular events remain poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms potentially associated with toxicological effects of carbamazepine on the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed for 3 days at realistic concentrations encountered in coastal environments (80 ng/L and 8 μg/L). An integrated metabolomics and proteogenomics approach, including data fusion strategy, was applied to gain more insight in molecular events and cellular processes triggered by carbamazepine exposure. Consistent metabolic and protein signatures revealed a metabolic rewiring and cellular stress at both concentrations (e.g. intensification of protein synthesis, transport and catabolism processes, disruption of lipid and amino acid metabolisms). These highlighted molecular signatures point to the induction of autophagy, closely related with carbamazepine mechanism of action, as well as a destabilization of the lysosomal membranes and an enzymatic overactivity of the peroxisomes. Induction of programmed cell death was highlighted by the modulation of apoptotic cognate proteins. The proposed integrative omics data analysis was shown to be highly relevant to identify the modulations of the two molecular levels, i.e. metabolites and proteins. Multi-omics approach is able to explain the resulting complex biological system, and document stronger toxicological pieces of evidence on pharmaceutical active compounds at environmental concentrations in sentinel organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Dumas
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédérique Courant
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Christine Almunia
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, 30200, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Julien Boccard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| | - David Rosain
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Geoffroy Duporté
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, 30200, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Hélène Fenet
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Elena Gomez
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Arora A, Sunaina, Wadhwa R, Jha M. Conversion of scrap iron into ultrafine α-Fe 2O 3 nanorods for the efficient visible light photodegradation of ciprofloxacin. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00245k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study illustrates a feasible approach of utilizing scrap iron for the synthesis of iron(ii) oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arushi Arora
- Institute of Nano Science & Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab-140306, India
| | - Sunaina
- Institute of Nano Science & Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab-140306, India
| | - Ritika Wadhwa
- Institute of Nano Science & Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab-140306, India
| | - Menaka Jha
- Institute of Nano Science & Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab-140306, India
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Removal of Persistent Sulfamethoxazole and Carbamazepine from Water by Horseradish Peroxidase Encapsulated into Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Electrospun Fibers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010272. [PMID: 35008696 PMCID: PMC8745486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic conversion of pharmaceutically active ingredients (API), using immobilized enzymes should be considered as a promising industrial tool due to improved reusability and stability of the biocatalysts at harsh process conditions. Therefore, in this study horseradish peroxidase was immobilized into sodium alginate capsules and then trapped into poly(vinyl chloride) electrospun fibers to provide additional enzyme stabilization and protection against the negative effect of harsh process conditions. Due to encapsulation immobilization, 100% of immobilization yield was achieved leading to loading of 25 μg of enzyme in 1 mg of the support. Immobilized in such a way, enzyme showed over 80% activity retention. Further, only slight changes in kinetic parameters of free (Km = 1.54 mM) and immobilized horseradish peroxidase (Km = 1.83 mM) were noticed, indicating retention of high catalytic properties and high substrate affinity by encapsulated biocatalyst. Encapsulated horseradish peroxidase was tested in biodegradation of two frequently occurring in wastewater API, sulfamethoxazole (antibiotic) and carbamazepine (anticonvulsant). Over 80% of both pharmaceutics was removed by immobilized enzyme after 24 h of the process from the solution at a concentration of 1 mg/L, under optimal conditions, which were found to be pH 7, temperature 25 °C and 2 mM of H2O2. However, even from 10 mg/L solutions, it was possible to remove over 40% of both pharmaceuticals. Finally, the reusability and storage stability study of immobilized horseradish peroxidase showed retention of over 60% of initial activity after 20 days of storage at 4 °C and after 10 repeated catalytic cycles, indicating great practical application potential. By contrast, the free enzyme showed less than 20% of its initial activity after 20 days of storage and exhibited no recycling potential.
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Martínez-Guitarte JL, Beltrán EM, González-Doncel M, García-Hortigüela P, Fernández A, Pablos MV. Effect assessment of reclaimed waters and carbamazepine exposure on the thyroid axis of Xenopus laevis: Gene expression modifications. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118226. [PMID: 34563849 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Reclaimed water (RW) obtained from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) is used for irrigation, groundwater recharge, among other potential uses. Although most pollutants are removed, traces of them are frequently found, which can affect organisms and alter the environment. The presence of a myriad of contaminants in RW makes it a complex mixture with very diverse effects and interactions. A previous study, in which tadpoles were exposed to RW and RW spiked with Carbamazepine (CBZ), presented slight thyroid gland stimulation, as suggested by the development acceleration of tadpoles and histological findings in the gland provoked by RW, regardless of the CBZ concentration. To complement this study, the present work analysed the putative molecular working mechanism by selecting six genes coding for the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSHβ), thyroid hormone metabolising enzymes (DIO2, DIO3), thyroid receptors (THRA, THRB), and a thyroid hormone-induced DNA binding protein (Kfl9). Transcriptional activity was studied by Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR) in brains, hind limbs, and tails on exposure days 1, 7, and 21. No significant differences were observed between treatments for each time point, but slight alterations were noted when the time response was analysed. The obtained results indicate that the effects of RW or RW spiked with CBZ are negligible for the genes analysed during the selected exposure periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Martínez-Guitarte
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eulalia María Beltrán
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of Environment and Agronomy, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, INIA-CSIC, Crta La Coruña Km 7, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel González-Doncel
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of Environment and Agronomy, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, INIA-CSIC, Crta La Coruña Km 7, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Hortigüela
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of Environment and Agronomy, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, INIA-CSIC, Crta La Coruña Km 7, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amanda Fernández
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of Environment and Agronomy, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, INIA-CSIC, Crta La Coruña Km 7, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Victoria Pablos
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of Environment and Agronomy, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, INIA-CSIC, Crta La Coruña Km 7, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Renganathan J, S IUH, Ramakrishnan K, Ravichandran MK, Philip L. Spatio-temporal distribution of pharmaceutically active compounds in the River Cauvery and its tributaries, South India. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149340. [PMID: 34399341 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) present in the environment are a great threat to human well-being and the ecosystem. Eventhough recognized as the pharmacy of the world", studies addressing the distribution of PhACs in the Indian environment are scarce. Hence, in the current study, selected PhACs, heavy metals (HMs), and physicochemical parameters (PCPs) were measured from the surface waters of the River Cauvery during the pre- and post-monsoon. PhACs such as caffeine, carbamazepine, and diclofenac were detected in most samples, whereas topiramate, ibuprofen, and verapamil were found only in few stations. In contrast, the distribution of ciprofloxacin, atenolol, and isoprenaline was strongly influenced by the seasonal pattern (p < 0.05). PhACs such as loperamide, glafenine, erythromycin, and gemfibrozil were not detected during the study. Distribution of PhACs based on average concentration (ng/L) are, CBZ (205.62) > CAF (114.09) > DCF (28.51) > CIP (25.23) > ATL (18.86) > IPL (13.91) > PPL (11.26) > TCS (10.39) > IBF (7.34) > TPT (3.09) > VPL (1.16). Bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses have revealed a positive correlation expressed by the majority of the PhACs with PCPs (COD, TOC), nutrients (TN, TP), and HMs (Pb, Mn, Ni) in the range from 0.540** to 0.961**(p < 0.01). Whereas, DO revealed negative correlation with most of the parameters in the range from -0.559** to -0.831** (p < 0.01). A high average concentration of PhACs was recorded in the upstream (52.08 ng/L) and wastewater discharge points (55.60 ng/L). Further, the environmental risk assessment study has identified the higher risk exhibited by TCS (RQ: 3.29) and CAF (RQ: 38.82) on algae and Daphnia respectively. The study portrays the distribution of emerging contaminants in the River Cauvery and its tributaries and also delivers preliminary data about the distribution of isoprenaline, topiramate, verapamil, and perindopril in the Indian freshwater system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakumar Renganathan
- Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 036, India
| | - Insamam Ul Huq S
- Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 036, India
| | - Kamaraj Ramakrishnan
- Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 036, India
| | - Manthiram Karthik Ravichandran
- Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 036, India
| | - Ligy Philip
- Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 036, India.
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Kasonga TK, Coetzee MAA, Kamika I, Momba MNB. Assessing the Fungal Simultaneous Removal Efficiency of Carbamazepine, Diclofenac and Ibuprofen in Aquatic Environment. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:755972. [PMID: 34966363 PMCID: PMC8710540 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.755972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Unused pharmaceutical compounds (PhCs) discharged into the aquatic environment have been regarded as emerging pollutants due to potential harmful effects on humans and the environment. Microbial bioremediation is considered as a viable option for their removal from wastewater. The aim of this study was to assess the simultaneous removal of carbamazepine (CBZ), diclofenac (DCF) and ibuprofen (IBP) by previously isolated fungi (Aspergillus niger, Mucor circinelloides, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Trametes polyzona, and Rhizopus microsporus). The tolerance to PhCs was conducted by tracking the fungal mycelium mat diameters in solid media and its dry biomass in liquid media, at the drug concentration range of 0.1 to 15 mg/L. The fungal enzymatic activities were determined for lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase (Lac), respectively. The PhC removal efficiency of the fungi was assessed in aerated batch flasks and the drug concentrations and intermediate compounds formation were determined by using SPE-UPLC/MS. A tolerance over 70% was recorded for all the fungi at drug concentration of 0.1 mg/L. Manganese peroxidase was produced by all the fungi with very low amount of LiP, while all the enzymes were produced by T. polyzona. The pH of 4.3, temperature 37 ± 1.5°C and incubation time of 6 days were the optimum parameters for the fungal enzymatic activities. The best removal of CBZ (87%) was achieved by R. microsporus after 10 days. Between 78 and 100% removal of DCF was observed by all the fungi after 24 h, while 98% of IBP was removed after 2 days by M. circinelloides. Only a few intermediate compounds were identified after 3 days and disappeared after 10 days of incubation. This study demonstrated that apart from the basidiomycetes, the ascomycetes and zygomycetes are also producers of ligninolytic enzymes and have the ability to biodegrade emerging pollutants such as PhCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teddy K. Kasonga
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Martie A. A. Coetzee
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ilunga Kamika
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, South Africa
| | - Maggy N. B. Momba
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
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Bizi M, EL Bachra FE. Transport of Carbamazepine, Ciprofloxacin and Sulfamethoxazole in Activated Carbon: Solubility and Relationships between Structure and Diffusional Parameters. Molecules 2021; 26:7318. [PMID: 34885904 PMCID: PMC8658829 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The transport of carbamazepine, ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole in the different pores of activated carbon in an aqueous solution is a dynamic process that is entirely dependent on the intrinsic parameters of these molecules and of the adsorbent. The macroscopic processes that take place are analyzed by interfacial diffusion and reaction models. Modeling of the experimental kinetic curves obtained following batch treatment of each solute at 2 µg/L in tap water showed (i) that the transport and sorption rates were controlled by external diffusion and intraparticle diffusion and (ii) that the effective diffusion coefficient for each solute, with the surface and pore diffusion coefficients, were linked by a linear relationship. A statistical analysis of the experimental data established correlations between the diffusional parameters and some geometrical parameters of these three molecules. Given the major discontinuities observed in the adsorption kinetics, the modeling of the experimental data required the use of traditional kinetic models, as well as a new kinetic model composed of the pseudo first or second order model and a sigmoidal expression. The predictions of this model were excellent. The solubility of each molecule below 60 °C was formulated by an empirical expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Bizi
- BRGM, Water, Environment, Processes Development & Analysis Division 3, Avenue C. Guillemin, CEDEX 2, 45060 Orléans, France;
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A Review on the Removal of Carbamazepine from Aqueous Solution by Using Activated Carbon and Biochar. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132111760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Carbamazepine (CBZ), one of the most used pharmaceuticals worldwide and a Contaminant of Emerging Concern, represents a potential risk for the environment and human health. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are a significant source of CBZ to the environment, polluting the whole water cycle. In this review, the CBZ presence and fate in the urban water cycle are addressed, with a focus on adsorption as a possible solution for its removal. Specifically, the scientific literature on CBZ removal by activated carbon and its possible substitute Biochar, is comprehensively scanned and summed up, in view of increasing the circularity in water treatments. CBZ adsorption onto activated carbon and biochar is analyzed considering several aspects, such as physicochemical characteristics of the adsorbents, operational conditions of the adsorption processes and adsorption kinetics and isotherms models. WWTPs usually show almost no removal of CBZ (even negative), whereas removal is witnessed in drinking water treatment plants through advanced treatments (even >90%). Among these, adsorption is considered one of the preferable methods, being economical and easier to operate. Adsorption capacity of CBZ is influenced by the characteristics of the adsorbent precursors, pyrolysis temperature and modification or activation processes. Among operational conditions, pH shows low influence on the process, as CBZ has no charge in most pH ranges. Differently, increasing temperature and rotational speed favor the adsorption of CBZ. The presence of other micro-contaminants and organic matter decreases the CBZ adsorption due to competition effects. These results, however, concern mainly laboratory-scale studies, hence, full-scale investigations are recommended to take into account the complexity of the real conditions.
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Argaluza J, Domingo-Echaburu S, Orive G, Medrano J, Hernandez R, Lertxundi U. Environmental pollution with psychiatric drugs. World J Psychiatry 2021; 11:791-804. [PMID: 34733642 PMCID: PMC8546762 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i10.791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Among all contaminants of emerging interest, drugs are the ones that give rise to the greatest concern. Any of the multiple stages of the drug's life cycle (production, consumption and waste management) is a possible entry point to the different environmental matrices. Psychiatric drugs have received special attention because of two reasons. First, their use is increasing. Second, many of them act on phylogenetically highly conserved neuroendocrine systems, so they have the potential to affect many non-target organisms. Currently, wastewater is considered the most important source of drugs to the environment. Furthermore, the currently available wastewater treatment plants are not specifically prepared to remove drugs, so they reach practically all environmental matrices, even tap water. As drugs are designed to produce pharmacological effects at low concentrations, they are capable of producing ecotoxicological effects on microorganisms, flora and fauna, even on human health. It has also been observed that certain antidepressants and antipsychotics can bioaccumulate along the food chain. Drug pollution is a complicated and diffuse problem characterized by scientific uncertainties, a large number of stakeholders with different values and interests, and enormous complexity. Possible solutions consist on acting at source, using medicines more rationally, eco-prescribing or prescribing greener drugs, designing pharmaceuticals that are more readily biodegraded, educating both health professionals and citizens, and improving coordination and collaboration between environmental and healthcare sciences. Besides, end of pipe measures like improving or developing new purification systems (biological, physical, chemical, combination) that eliminate these residues efficiently and at a sustainable cost should be a priority. Here, we describe and discuss the main aspects of drug pollution, highlighting the specific issues of psychiatric drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julene Argaluza
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01002, Spain
| | - Saioa Domingo-Echaburu
- Department of Pharmacy, Alto Deba Integrated Health Care Organization, Arrasate 20500, Spain
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Discovery Tower, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Juan Medrano
- Department of Psychiatry, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Mental Health Network Research Group, Osakidetza, Portugalete 48920, Spain
| | - Rafael Hernandez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Araba Mental Health Network, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| | - Unax Lertxundi
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute; Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba Mental Health Network, Araba Psychiatric Hospital, Pharmacy Service, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Alava, Spain
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Prosenc F, Piechocka J, Škufca D, Heath E, Griessler Bulc T, Istenič D, Buttiglieri G. Microalgae-based removal of contaminants of emerging concern: Mechanisms in Chlorella vulgaris and mixed algal-bacterial cultures. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 418:126284. [PMID: 34116274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Incomplete removal of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) has been reported for conventional wastewater treatment technologies. Microalgae-based treatment has recently gained interest thanks to simultaneous removal capacity of organic and inorganic compounds and potentially CECs. In this study, a lab-scale monoculture of Chlorella vulgaris and mixed microalgal-bacterial culture were compared in terms of removal of 28 CECs (bisphenols, 2018 EU Watch List substances, including neonicotinoids, pharmaceuticals, selected transformation products). The removal pathways in light and dark abiotic controls were also studied. Batch photobioreactors were run at hydraulic retention times of 11-12 days and CECs spiked at environmentally relevant concentrations (1-20 μg L-1). The mixed culture was better at removing bisphenols, compared to C. vulgaris. Bisphenols' log Kow was significant in removal pathways, where bisphenols with high log Kow were removed abiotically while bisphenols with low log Kow were mainly biodegraded. The removal degrees and the pathways of pharmaceuticals and EU Watch List substances were comparable between both cultures, showing no impact of log Kow for most compounds; however, the removal with C. vulgaris was faster for some. High log Kow was associated with high removal of estradiol in abiotic controls, showing the importance of adsorption onto biomass and suspended matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franja Prosenc
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Justyna Piechocka
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; University of Lodz, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Chemistry, 163 Pomorska Str., 90-236 Łódź, Poland.
| | - David Škufca
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan Institute, International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Ester Heath
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan Institute, International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Tjaša Griessler Bulc
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, Jamova cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Darja Istenič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, Jamova cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Gianluigi Buttiglieri
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C. Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Plaça de Sant Domènec. 3, 17004 Girona, Spain.
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Pharmaceuticals Removal by Adsorption with Montmorillonite Nanoclay. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189670. [PMID: 34575834 PMCID: PMC8468575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The problem of purifying domestic and hospital wastewater from pharmaceutical compounds is becoming more and more urgent every year, because of the continuous accumulation of chemical pollutants in the environment and the limited availability of freshwater resources. Clay adsorbents have been repeatedly proposed as adsorbents for treatment purposes, but natural clays are hydrophilic and can be inefficient for catching hydrophobic pharmaceuticals. In this paper, a comparison of adsorption properties of pristine montmorillonite (MMT) and montmorillonite modified with stearyl trimethyl ammonium (hydrophobic MMT-STA) towards carbamazepine, ibuprofen, and paracetamol pharmaceuticals was performed. The efficiency of adsorption was investigated under varying solution pH, temperature, contact time, initial concentration of pharmaceuticals, and adsorbate/adsorbent mass ratio. MMT-STA was better than pristine MMT at removing all the pharmaceuticals studied. The adsorption capacity of hydrophobic montmorillonite to pharmaceuticals decreased in the following order: carbamazepine (97%) > ibuprofen (95%) > paracetamol (63-67%). Adsorption isotherms were best described by Freundlich model. Within the pharmaceutical concentration range of 10-50 µg/mL, the most optimal mass ratio of adsorbates to adsorbents was 1:300, pH 6, and a temperature of 25 °C. Thus, MMT-STA could be used as an efficient adsorbent for deconta×ating water of carbamazepine, ibuprofen, and paracetamol.
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Zhang C, Barron L, Sturzenbaum S. The transportation, transformation and (bio)accumulation of pharmaceuticals in the terrestrial ecosystem. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 781:146684. [PMID: 33794458 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil dwelling organisms, plants and many primary consumers in food webs face the challenge of exposure to contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) present in terrestrial systems, including thousands of substances derived from pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs). The recent increase in the consumption of modern human or veterinary drugs has resulted in a surge of anthropogenic pharmaceuticals, frequently introduced into terrestrial environments via untreated/treated wastewater. Pharmaceuticals display diverse degradation and accumulation behaviours in receiving bodies, however their impact on soils has, at large, been overlooked. Details about adsorption, absorption, degradation and uptake behaviours, as well as the fate and actual environmental impact of pharmaceuticals are a prerequisite before the traditional transportation prediction models originally designed for the aquatic environment can be extrapolated to terrestrial systems. Without this knowledge, our ability for informed risk assessments and the resultant implementation of contamination management strategies of soils will remain limited. This review discusses the current knowledgebase pertaining the introduction of pharmaceuticals to soils via wastewater irrigation or the application of biosolids. The focus on the transportation, transformation and accumulation of pharmaceuticals through the food chain highlights the urgent need to strengthen our capabilities concerning their detection and characterization in the terrestrial ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chubin Zhang
- Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Leon Barron
- Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen Sturzenbaum
- Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
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Alfonso-Muniozguren P, Serna-Galvis EA, Bussemaker M, Torres-Palma RA, Lee J. A review on pharmaceuticals removal from waters by single and combined biological, membrane filtration and ultrasound systems. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 76:105656. [PMID: 34274706 PMCID: PMC8319449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) such as pharmaceuticals commonly found in urban and industrial wastewater are a potential threat to human health and have negative environmental impact. Most wastewater treatment plants cannot efficiently remove these compounds and therefore, many pharmaceuticals end up in aquatic ecosystems, inducing problems such as toxicity and antibiotic-resistance. This review reports the extent of pharmaceutical removal by individual processes such as bioreactors, advanced oxidation processes and membrane filtration systems, all of which are not 100% efficient and can lead to the direct discharge of pharmaceuticals into water bodies. Also, the importance of understanding biotransformation of pharmaceutical compounds during biological and ultrasound treatment, and its impact on treatment efficacy will be reviewed. Different combinations of the processes above, either as an integrated configuration or in series, will be discussed in terms of their degradation efficiency and scale-up capabilities. The trace quantities of pharmaceutical compounds in wastewater and scale-up issues of ultrasound highlight the importance of membrane filtration as a concentration and volume reduction treatment step for wastewater, which could subsequently be treated by ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Efraím A Serna-Galvis
- Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia; Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Corporación Universitaria Remington (Uniremington), Calle 51 No. 51-27, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Madeleine Bussemaker
- Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU27XH, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo A Torres-Palma
- Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Judy Lee
- Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU27XH, United Kingdom.
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Turbidity Changes during Carbamazepine Oxidation by Photo-Fenton. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11080894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate the turbidity generated during the Fenton photo-reaction applied to the oxidation of waters containing carbamazepine as a function of factors such as pH, H2O2 concentration and catalyst dosage. The results let establish the degradation pathways and the main decomposition byproducts. It is found that the pH affects the turbidity of the water. Working between pH = 2.0 and 2.5, the turbidity is under 1 NTU due to the fact that iron, added as a catalyst, is in the form of a ferrous ion. Operating at pH values above 3.0, the iron species in their oxidized state (mainly ferric hydroxide in suspension) would cause turbidity. The contribution of these ferric species is a function of the concentration of iron added to the process, verifying that the turbidity increases linearly according to a ratio of 0.616 NTU L/mg Fe. Performing with oxidant concentrations at (H2O2) = 2.0 mM, the turbidity undergoes a strong increase until reaching values around 98 NTU in the steady state. High turbidity levels can be originated by the formation of coordination complexes, consisting of the union of three molecules containing substituted carboxylic groups (BaQD), which act as ligands towards an iron atom with Fe3+ oxidation state.
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Nas B, Dolu T, Argun ME, Yel E, Ateş H, Koyuncu S. Comparison of advanced biological treatment and nature-based solutions for the treatment of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs): A comprehensive study for wastewater and sewage sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146344. [PMID: 34030227 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Passing of pharmaceutical residues into environment in an uncontrolled manner as a result of continuous increase in drug consumption across the globe has become a threatening problem for the ecosystems and almost all living creatures. In this study, diclofenac (DCF), carbamazepine (CBZ), 17β-estradiol (17β-E2) and 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) belonging to different therapeutic classes were investigated simultaneously in advanced biological treatment and nature-based treatments during 12-months sampling campaign. In this context, behavior patterns of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) throughout the both wastewater and sludge lines in advanced biological wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), wastewater stabilization pond (WSP) and constructed wetland (CW) were discussed in detail based on each treatment processes seasonally. Furthermore, statistically evaluated data obtained in full-scale WWTPs were compared with each other in order to determine the valid removal mechanisms of these pharmaceutical compounds. While DCF and CBZ were detected very intensively both in the wastewater and sludge lines of the investigated WWTPs, steroid hormones,17β-E2 and EE2, were determined below the LOQ value in general. Annual average removal efficiencies achieved in studied WWTPs for DCF ranged between -23.3% (in CW) and 75.2% (in WSP), while annual average removal rates obtained for CBZ varied between -20.7% (in advanced biological treatment) and 10.0% (in CW). It has been found that DCF was highly affected by different wastewater treatment processes applied in the WWTPs compared to CBZ which showed extraordinary resistance to all different treatment processes. Although calculated in different rates for each compounds, biodegradation/biotransformation and sorption onto sewage sludge were determined as the main removal mechanisms for PhACs in plants. Although showed a similar behavior in the sludge dewatering unit (decanter) present in the advanced biological WWTP, quite different behaviors observed in the anaerobic digester for DCF (up to 15% decrease) and CBZ (up to 95% increase). Sorption and desorption behaviors of DCF and CBZ were also evaluated in the sludge treatment processes found in advanced biological WWTP. Percentages of originated extra annual average of pharmaceutical loads were calculated as 0.64% and 0.90% for DCF and CBZ, respectively in the advanced biological WWTP due to the sidestream caused by the sludge dewatering unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilgehan Nas
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Taylan Dolu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Emin Argun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Esra Yel
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Havva Ateş
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Serdar Koyuncu
- Konya Municipality Water and Sewerage Administration, Konya, Turkey.
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Chakraborty P, Pasupuleti M, Jai Shankar MR, Bharat GK, Krishnasamy S, Dasgupta SC, Sarkar SK, Jones KC. First surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 and organic tracers in community wastewater during post lockdown in Chennai, South India: Methods, occurrence and concurrence. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 778:146252. [PMID: 34030369 PMCID: PMC7936810 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 and organic tracers (OTs) were conducted in the community wastewater of Chennai city and the suburbs, South India, during partial and post lockdown phases (August-September 2020) as a response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Wastewater samples were collected from four sewage treatment plants (STPs), five sewage pumping stations (SPSs) and at different time intervals from a suburban hospital wastewater (HWW). Four different methods of wastewater concentrations viz., composite (COM), supernatant (SUP), sediment (SED), and syringe filtration (SYR) were subjected to quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Unlike HWW, STP inlet, sludge and SPS samples were found with higher loading of SARS-CoV-2 by SED followed by SUP method. Given the higher levels of dissolved and suspended solids in STPs and SPSs over HWW, we suspect that this enveloped virus might exhibit the tendency of higher partitioning in solid phase. Cycle threshold (Ct) values were < 30 in 50% of the HWW samples indicating higher viral load from the COVID-19 infected patients. In the STP outlets, a strict decline of biochemical oxygen demand, >95% removal of caffeine, and absence of viral copies reflect the efficiency of the treatment plants in Chennai city. Among the detected OTs, a combination of maximum dynamic range and high concurrence percentage was observed for caffeine and N1 gene of SARS-CoV-2. Hence, we suggest that caffeine can be used as an indicator for the removal of SARS-CoV-2 by STPs. Our predicted estimated number of cases are in line with the available clinical data from the catchments. Densely distributed population of the Koyambedu catchment could be partly responsible for the high proportion of estimated infected individuals during the study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paromita Chakraborty
- Department of Civil Engineering & SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu 603203, India.
| | | | - M R Jai Shankar
- Chennai Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board (CMWSSB), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sundar Krishnasamy
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | | | | | - Kevin C Jones
- Lancaster Environmental Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ Lancaster, UK
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Marasco Júnior CA, da Silva BF, Lamarca RS, de Lima Gomes PCF. Automated method to determine pharmaceutical compounds in wastewater using on-line solid-phase extraction coupled to LC-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:5147-5160. [PMID: 34173852 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03481-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An automated method was developed using on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) as a sample preparation step, coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), for determination of pharmaceutical compounds in wastewater samples at nanograms per liter to micrograms per liter concentration levels. This method is suitable for use in routine analysis, especially in environmental applications, avoiding cross-contamination and requiring minimal sample handling. Results can be obtained rapidly, with a chromatographic run time of only 24 min (including sample preparation and chromatographic analysis). Using a 50 μL injection volume, the method was validated according to international guidelines, considering parameters included in terms of method detection (MDL) and quantification limit (MQL), linearity, inter-day and intra-day precisions, and matrix effects. Assessment of chromatographic efficiency considered peak resolution and asymmetry, and carryover was evaluated to ensure analytical reliability and the ability to reuse the SPE cartridge. The intra- and inter-day precisions were lower than 10 and 17%, respectively. The MDL values ranged from 1×10-6 to 1 μg L-1, while the MQL values were from 0.001 to 3 μg L-1. Matrix effects were minimized by isotope dilution calibration. Application of the method to 20 wastewater samples showed that caffeine was the most frequently detected compound, with the highest concentration of 715 μg L-1, while other pharmaceutical compounds were detected in fewer samples and at lower concentrations (up to 8.51 μg L-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- César Augusto Marasco Júnior
- National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, P.O. Box 355, Araraquara, SP, 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Bianca Ferreira da Silva
- National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, P.O. Box 355, Araraquara, SP, 14800-060, Brazil
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, P.O. Box 490, Gainesville, FL, 32601, USA
| | - Rafaela Silva Lamarca
- National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, P.O. Box 355, Araraquara, SP, 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Paulo Clairmont Feitosa de Lima Gomes
- National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, P.O. Box 355, Araraquara, SP, 14800-060, Brazil.
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Ávila C, García-Galán MJ, Uggetti E, Montemurro N, García-Vara M, Pérez S, García J, Postigo C. Boosting pharmaceutical removal through aeration in constructed wetlands. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 412:125231. [PMID: 33550125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work evaluated the removal efficiency of 13 wastewater-borne pharmaceuticals in a pilot constructed wetland (CW) operated under different aeration strategies (no aeration, intermittent and continuous). Aeration improved the removal of conventional wastewater parameters and the targeted micropollutants, compared to the non-aerated treatment. Reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN) was slightly higher applying intermittent aeration than applying continuous aeration, the opposite was observed for the investigated pharmaceuticals. Seven targeted compounds were found in influent wastewater, and five of them (acetaminophen, diclofenac, ketoprofen, bezafibrate and gemfibrozil) were efficiently removed (> 83%) in the aerated systems. The overall risk of the investigated samples against aquatic ecosystems was moderate, decreasing in the order influent > no aeration > intermittent aeration > continuous aeration, based on the hazard quotient approach. Lorazepam, diclofenac and ketoprofen were the pharmaceuticals that could contribute the most to this potential environmental impact of the CW effluents after discharge. To the authors' knowledge this is the first sound study on the removal and fate of ketoprofen, bezafibrate, and lorazepam in aerated CWs, and provides additional evidence on the removal and fate of acetaminophen, diclofenac, gemfibrozil, and carbamazepine in this type of bioremediation systems at pilot plant scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ávila
- AIMEN Technology Center, c/ Relva, 27A - Torneiros, Pontevedra, 36410 Porriño, Spain; ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit, 101, E-17003 Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - María Jesús García-Galán
- GEMMA-Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrica Uggetti
- GEMMA-Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Nicola Montemurro
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Manuel García-Vara
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Sandra Pérez
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Joan García
- GEMMA-Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Postigo
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, Barcelona 08034, Spain
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50
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Causes, Factors, and Control Measures of Opportunistic Premise Plumbing Pathogens—A Critical Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11104474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review critically analyses the chemical and physical parameters that influence the occurrence of opportunistic pathogens in the drinking water distribution system, specifically in premise plumbing. A comprehensive literature review reveals significant impacts of water age, disinfectant residual (type and concentration), temperature, pH, and pipe materials. Evidence suggests that there is substantial interplay between these parameters; however, the dynamics of such relationships is yet to be elucidated. There is a correlation between premise plumbing system characteristics, including those featuring water and energy conservation measures, and increased water quality issues and public health concerns. Other interconnected issues exacerbated by high water age, such as disinfectant decay and reduced corrosion control efficiency, deserve closer attention. Some common features and trends in the occurrence of opportunistic pathogens have been identified through a thorough analysis of the available literature. It is proposed that the efforts to reduce or eliminate their incidence might best focus on these common features.
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