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Næss-Andresen ML, Jenum AK, Berg JP, Falk RS, Sletner L. The impact of recommending iron supplements to women with depleted iron stores in early pregnancy on use of supplements, and factors associated with changes in iron status from early pregnancy to postpartum in a multi-ethnic population-based cohort. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:350. [PMID: 37179290 PMCID: PMC10182636 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05668-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to evaluate the impact of recommending supplementation to pregnant women with serum ferritin (SF) < 20 µg/L in early pregnancy on use of supplements, and to explore which factors were associated with changes in iron status by different iron indicators to 14 weeks postpartum. METHODS A multi-ethnic population-based cohort study of 573 pregnant women examined at mean gestational week (GW) 15 (enrolment), at mean GW 28 and at the postpartum visit (mean 14 weeks after delivery). Women with SF < 20 µg/L at enrolment were recommended 30-50 mg iron supplementation and supplement use was assessed at all visits. Change of SF, soluble transferrin receptor and total body iron from enrolment to postpartum were calculated by subtracting the concentrations at the postpartum visit from that at enrolment. Linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess associations between use of supplements in GW 28 and changes in iron status and postpartum iron deficiency/anaemia. Change of iron status was categorized into 'steady low', 'improvement', 'deterioration', and 'steady high' based on SF status at enrolment and postpartum. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with change of iron status. RESULTS At enrolment, 44% had SF < 20 µg/L. Among these women (78% non-Western European origin), use of supplements increased from 25% (enrolment) to 65% (GW 28). Use of supplements in GW 28 was associated with improved iron levels by all three indicators (p < 0.05) and with haemoglobin concentration (p < 0.001) from enrolment to postpartum, and with lower odds of postpartum iron deficiency by SF and TBI (p < 0.05). Factors positively associated with 'steady low' were: use of supplements, postpartum haemorrhage, an unhealthy dietary pattern and South Asian ethnicity (p ≤ 0.01 for all); with 'deterioration': postpartum haemorrhage, an unhealthy dietary pattern, primiparity and no use of supplements (p < 0.01 for all), and with 'improvement': use of supplements, multiparity and South Asian ethnicity (p < 0.03 for all). CONCLUSIONS Both supplement use and iron status improved from enrolment to the postpartum visit among women recommended supplementation. Dietary pattern, use of supplements, ethnicity, parity and postpartum haemorrhage were identified as factors associated with change in iron status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe-Lise Næss-Andresen
- Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1130, 0318, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anne Karen Jenum
- General Practice Research Unit, Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Petter Berg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Sørum Falk
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Line Sletner
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescents Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Prevalence of postpartum anaemia and iron deficiency by serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor and total body iron, and associations with ethnicity and clinical factors: a Norwegian population-based cohort study. J Nutr Sci 2022; 11:e46. [PMID: 35754987 PMCID: PMC9201879 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2022.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, there are limited data on the prevalence of postpartum anaemia and iron status. The aims of the present study were to assess the prevalence of anaemia and iron deficiency (ID) by three iron indicators 14 weeks postpartum, their relations to haemoglobin (Hb) and associations with ethnicity and clinical factors in a multi-ethnic population. We conducted a population-based cohort study of 573 women followed from early pregnancy. The prevalence of postpartum anaemia (Hb <12·0 g/dl) was 25 %. ID prevalence varied from 39 % by serum ferritin (SF <15 μg/l), to 19 % by soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR >4·4 mg/l) and 22 % by total body iron (TBI < 0 mg/kg). The mean Hb concentration was 12·8 g/dl in women with no ID, 12·6 g/dl in those with ID by SF only and 11·6 g/dl in those with ID by SF, sTfR and TBI. ID by sTfR and TBI defined by the current threshold values probably identified a more severe iron-deficient population compared with ID assessed by SF. Compared with Western Europeans, the prevalence of anaemia was at least the double in ethnic minorities (26–40 % v. 14 %; P < 0·01–0·05), and the prevalence of ID by sTfR and TBI, but not of ID by SF < 15 μg/l, was significantly higher in some minority groups. After adjustment for covariates, only South Asians had lower Hb and higher sTfR concentration. Insufficient iron intake, gestational anaemia or ID, and postpartum haemorrhage were associated with lower postpartum Hb concentration and poorer iron status.
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Lipid and lipoprotein concentrations during pregnancy and associations with ethnicity. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:246. [PMID: 35331154 PMCID: PMC8953044 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04524-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To describe ethnic differences in concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins, and their changes, during pregnancy to postpartum. Methods This was a population-based cohort study conducted in primary antenatal care in Norway. The participants (n = 806) were healthy, pregnant women, 59% were ethnic minorities. Outcomes were triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, analysed from fasting blood samples drawn at gestational age (weeks) 15, 28 and 14 weeks postpartum. We performed linear regression models and linear mixed models to explore the total effect of ethnicity on the outcomes, adjusting for gestational age /week postpartum, maternal age and education. The analyses are corrected for multiple testing using the Bonferroni correction. Results At gestational age 15, triglyceride concentrations were lower in women of African origin (1.03 mmol/mol (95% CI: 0.90, 1.16)) and higher in women of South Asian (primarily Pakistan and Sri Lanka) origin (1.42 mmol/mol (1.35, 1.49)) and East Asian (primarily Vietnam, Philippines and Thailand) origin (1.58 mmol/mol (1.43, 1.73)) compared with Western Europeans (1.26 mmol/mol (1.20, 1.32)). Women of Asian and African origin had a smaller increase in triglycerides, LDL- and total cholesterol from gestational age 15 to 28. At gestational age 28, LDL-cholesterol levels were lowest among East Asians (3.03 mmol/mol (2.72, 3.34)) compared with Western Europeans (3.62 mmol/mol (3.50, 3.74)). Triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol were lower postpartum than at gestational age 15 in all groups, but the concentration of LDL-cholesterol was higher, except in Africans. South and East Asian women had lower HDL-cholesterol and higher triglycerides postpartum, while African women had lower triglycerides than Western Europeans. Conclusion We found significant differences in the concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins and their changes during pregnancy and the early postpartum period related to ethnic origin. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-022-04524-2.
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Carbonneau E, Dumas A, Brodeur-Doucet A, Fontaine-Bisson B. A Community Prenatal Intervention in Social Nutrition: Evaluating the Impact on Pregnancy and Birthweight Outcomes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061151. [PMID: 35334807 PMCID: PMC8951613 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to assess the associations between structural features of the Montreal Diet Dispensary’s social nutrition intervention and pregnancy (i.e., anemia, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), gestational weight gain (GWG), hypertension) and birthweight outcomes (i.e., small- or large-for-gestational-age) among pregnant women, most of them recent immigrants. The study consists of a secondary analysis of the digital client database of the Montreal Diet Dispensary (n = 2925). Logistic regressions were used to estimate the odds of pregnancy and birthweight outcomes, depending on structural features of the intervention. Pregnant women who attended a welcoming group session presented lower odds of GDM and anemia compared to those who did not attend. A longer duration of intervention was also associated with lower odds of GDM and anemia. Each additional appointment with a dietitian was associated with higher odds of excessive GWG and lower odds of insufficient GWG only among women with a pre-pregnancy BMI lower than 25 kg/m2. This study emphasizes the importance of providing nutritional services early in pregnancy to reduce the risk of GDM and anemia. It also stresses the importance of using appropriate nutritional guidelines to avoid increasing the risk of excessive GWG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Carbonneau
- School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
- Centre NUTRISS—Nutrition, Santé et Société, Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Alex Dumas
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
- Institut du Savoir Montfort, Montfort Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1K 0T2, Canada
| | | | - Bénédicte Fontaine-Bisson
- School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
- Institut du Savoir Montfort, Montfort Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1K 0T2, Canada
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Poelman MP, Nicolaou M, Dijkstra SC, Mackenbach JD, Lu M, Karssenberg D, Snijder MB, Vaartjes I, Stronks K. Does the neighbourhood food environment contribute to ethnic differences in diet quality? Results from the HELIUS study in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:5101-5112. [PMID: 33947481 PMCID: PMC11082797 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021001919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study was to establish whether the neighbourhood food environment, characterised by the healthiness of food outlets, the diversity of food outlets and fast-food outlet density within a 500 m or 1000 m street network buffer around the home address, contributed to ethnic differences in diet quality. DESIGN Cross-sectional cohort study. SETTING Amsterdam, the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS Data on adult participants of Dutch, South-Asian Surinamese, African Surinamese, Turkish and Moroccan descent (n total 4728) in the HELIUS study were analysed. RESULTS The neighbourhood food environment of ethnic minority groups living in Amsterdam is less supportive of a healthy diet and of less diversity than that of participants of Dutch origin. For example, participants of Turkish, Moroccan and South-Asian Surinamese descent reside in a neighbourhood with a significantly higher fast-food outlet density (≤1000 m) than participants of Dutch descent. However, we found no evidence that neighbourhood food environment characteristics directly contributed to ethnic differences in diet quality. CONCLUSION Although ethnic minority groups lived in less healthy food environments than participants of ethnic Dutch origin, this did not contribute to ethnic differences in diet quality. Future research should investigate other direct or indirect consequences of residing in less supportive food environments and gain a better understanding of how different ethnic groups make use of their neighbourhood food environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje P Poelman
- Chair Group Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 8130, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mary Nicolaou
- Department of Public Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Coosje Dijkstra
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, De Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joreintje D Mackenbach
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Upstream Team, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands
| | - Meng Lu
- Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Derek Karssenberg
- Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke B Snijder
- Department of Public Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilonca Vaartjes
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karien Stronks
- Department of Public Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Fragoso-Bargas N, Opsahl JO, Kiryushchenko N, Böttcher Y, Lee-Ødegård S, Qvigstad E, Richardsen KR, Waage CW, Sletner L, Jenum AK, Prasad RB, Groop LC, Moen GH, Birkeland KI, Sommer C. Cohort profile: Epigenetics in Pregnancy (EPIPREG) - population-based sample of European and South Asian pregnant women with epigenome-wide DNA methylation (850k) in peripheral blood leukocytes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256158. [PMID: 34388220 PMCID: PMC8362992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is a valuable model to study the association between DNA methylation and several cardiometabolic traits, due to its direct potential to influence mother's and child's health. Epigenetics in Pregnancy (EPIPREG) is a population-based sample with the aim to study associations between DNA-methylation in pregnancy and cardiometabolic traits in South Asian and European pregnant women and their offspring. This cohort profile paper aims to present our sample with genetic and epigenetic data and invite researchers with similar cohorts to collaborative projects, such as replication of ours or their results and meta-analysis. In EPIPREG we have quantified epigenome-wide DNA methylation in maternal peripheral blood leukocytes in gestational week 28±1 in Europeans (n = 312) and South Asians (n = 168) that participated in the population-based cohort STORK Groruddalen, in Norway. DNA methylation was measured with Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip (850k sites), with technical validation of four CpG sites using bisulphite pyrosequencing in a subset (n = 30). The sample is well characterized with few missing data on e.g. genotype, universal screening for gestational diabetes, objectively measured physical activity, bioelectrical impedance, anthropometrics, biochemical measurements, and a biobank with maternal serum and plasma, urine, placenta tissue. In the offspring, we have repeated ultrasounds during pregnancy, cord blood, and anthropometrics up to 4 years of age. We have quantified DNA methylation in peripheral blood leukocytes in nearly all eligible women from the STORK Groruddalen study, to minimize the risk of selection bias. Genetic principal components distinctly separated Europeans and South Asian women, which fully corresponded with the self-reported ethnicity. Technical validation of 4 CpG sites from the methylation bead chip showed good agreement with bisulfite pyrosequencing. We plan to study associations between DNA methylation and cardiometabolic traits and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Fragoso-Bargas
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Julia O. Opsahl
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nadezhda Kiryushchenko
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Bioscience, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yvonne Böttcher
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Helmholtz-Institute for Metabolic, Adiposity and Vascular Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Elisabeth Qvigstad
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kåre Rønn Richardsen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christin W. Waage
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Department of General Practice, General Practice Research Unit (AFE), Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Line Sletner
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescents Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Anne Karen Jenum
- Department of General Practice, General Practice Research Unit (AFE), Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Gunn-Helen Moen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kåre I. Birkeland
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Sommer
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Stupin JH, Henrich W, David M, Schlembach D, Razum O, Borde T, Breckenkamp J. Perinatales Outcome bei Frauen mit Gestationsdiabetes unter besonderer Berücksichtigung eines Migrationshintergrundes – Ergebnisse einer prospektiven Studie in Berlin. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1474-9761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Etwa 25 % der Bevölkerung Deutschlands haben einen Migrationshintergrund (MH), der mit einem schlechteren perinatalen Outcome einhergehen kann. Der Gestationsdiabetes (GDM) gehört zu den häufigsten Schwangerschaftserkrankungen; von ihm sind Frauen mit MH in höherem Maße betroffen. Bisher liegen keine systematisch erhobenen Daten zur Betreuung von Migrantinnen mit GDM vor.
Fragestellung Ziel der Studie war es, Auswirkungen eines MH auf Schwangerschaften von Frauen mit GDM zu evaluieren: Haben Immigrantinnen und ihre Nachkommen ein schlechteres perinatales Outcome als Frauen ohne MH in den Parametern Geburtseinleitung, Sectio, Makrosomie, Apgar, Nabelschnur-pH-Wert, Verlegung auf eine neonatologische Intensivstation, Frühgeburt und prä-/postpartale Hb-Differenz? Beeinflusst ein MH außerdem den Zeitpunkt der ersten Schwangerenvorsorge sowie die Zahl der Vorsorgeuntersuchungen?
Methoden Datenerhebung an drei Berliner Geburtskliniken 2011/2012 unmittelbar in der Kreißsaalaufnahme über 12 Monate anhand standardisierter Interviews (Fragebogenset) in deutscher, türkischer und anderen Sprachen. Fragen zu soziodemografischen Aspekten, Schwangerenvorsorge sowie ggf. Migration und Akkulturation. Verknüpfung der Befragungsdaten mit Mutterpass- und klinischen Perinataldaten. Adjustierung für Alter, BMI, Parität und sozioökonomischen Status erfolgte in Regressionsmodellen.
Ergebnisse Die Daten von n = 2878 Frauen mit MH (GDM: 4,7 %) und n = 2785 Frauen ohne MH (GDM: 4,8 %) konnten verglichen werden. Eine multiple Regressionsanalyse zeigte keine Unterschiede in den Chancen der beiden Gruppen mit GDM hinsichtlich Sectio, Makrosomie, Apgar, Nabelschnur-pH-Werten, Verlegungen auf eine neonatologische Intensivstation sowie Zeitpunkt der ersten Schwangerenvorsorge ≥ 12 SSW und Zahl der Vorsorgeuntersuchungen < 10. Sowohl für Frauen mit GDM und MH (OR 1,57; 95 %-KI 1,08–2,27) als auch für solche mit GDM ohne MH (OR 1,47; 95 %-KI 1,01–2,14) bestand eine signifikant höhere Chance der Geburtseinleitung.
Schlussfolgerung Frauen mit GDM und MH zeigen ein ähnlich gutes Schwangerschaftsergebnis wie solche mit GDM und ohne MH, was auf eine hohe Qualität der peripartalen Betreuung und Versorgung hinweist. Im Vergleich zu Frauen ohne GDM wird bedingt durch diesen und den höheren BMI unabhängig vom MH vermehrt eingeleitet. Die Ergebnisse für Frauen mit GDM lassen unabhängig vom MH auf einen ähnlichen Standard der Inanspruchnahme von Vorsorgeuntersuchungen in der Schwangerschaft schließen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Oliver Razum
- AG3 Epidemiology and International Public Health, Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Theda Borde
- Public Health, Alice Salomon Hochschule Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Breckenkamp
- AG3 Epidemiology and International Public Health, Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Bielefeld, Germany
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Diet Quality among Women with Previous Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Rural Areas of Hunan Province. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165942. [PMID: 32824308 PMCID: PMC7460136 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diet quality is critical for postpartum type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) progression among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI) is a dietary index developed according to the latest Chinese Dietary Guidelines (CDG-2016). Our study aimed to assess the diet quality of women with previous GDM in rural areas of Hunan Province by applying the CHEI. Women with previous GDM in two counties of Hunan were enrolled. Their food intake data, which were used to calculate their CHEI scores, were collected by a 24-h dietary recall. The association of CHEI with sociodemographic and anthropometric variables was evaluated via linear regression models. 404 women were included in the final analysis. The mean score of the total CHEI was 54.9 (SD 7.9). The components of whole grains and mixed beans, seeds and nuts, tubers, dairy, and poultry scored extremely low. Ethnic minority groups and women younger than 30 years had lower CHEI scores. Our study observed an unsatisfactory diet quality among women with previous GDM in rural areas of Hunan Province. Future dietary education focusing on the CDG is needed to improve their diet quality and help in T2DM prevention among this population, especially young and ethnic minority women.
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Garnweidner‐Holme L, Torheim LE, Henriksen L, Borgen I, Holmelid S, Lukasse M. Adherence to the Norwegian dietary recommendations in a multi-ethnic pregnant population prior to being diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:3031-3040. [PMID: 32724567 PMCID: PMC7382101 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal diet is a modifiable risk factor for the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Even though pregnant women are considered to be motivated to eat healthy, previous research found unhealthy eating patterns among some ethnic and lower socio-economic status groups. This cross-sectional study assessed adherence to national dietary recommendations prior to GDM diagnosis in a multi-ethnic population comprising 237 pregnant women. Participants were diagnosed with GDM after performing a two-hour oral glucose tolerance test ≥ 9 mmol/L. Participants answered a 41-item Food Frequency Questionnaire about dietary habits prior to being diagnosed with GDM from October 2015 to March 2018. Their scores were based on adherence to the recommended intake in each food group and summed into a Healthy Diet Score (HDS). Results showed low adherence to national dietary recommendations. A significantly higher proportion of non-native Norwegian-speaking women had a high HDS compared with native Norwegian-speaking women. Participants with a normal prepregnancy weight were more likely to have a high HDS compared with overweight or obese participants. Participants showed low adherence to the recommendations for whole grains, vegetables, and fruits and berries, and a relatively low proportion adhered to the recommendations for intakes of fish, red/processed meat, and ready-made meals. However, the food group intakes varied by country of birth. Given the increase in women with GDM and the emerging evidence that maternal diet is a modifiable risk factor for GDM, effective nutrition communication strategies in antenatal care are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Garnweidner‐Holme
- Faculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Nursing and Health PromotionOsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan UniversityOsloNorway
| | - Liv Elin Torheim
- Faculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Nursing and Health PromotionOsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan UniversityOsloNorway
| | - Lena Henriksen
- Faculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Nursing and Health PromotionOsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan UniversityOsloNorway
| | - Iren Borgen
- Faculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Nursing and Health PromotionOsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan UniversityOsloNorway
| | - Sigrid Holmelid
- Faculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Nursing and Health PromotionOsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan UniversityOsloNorway
| | - Mirjam Lukasse
- Faculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Nursing and Health PromotionOsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan UniversityOsloNorway
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Qureshi SA, Straiton M, Gele AA. Associations of socio-demographic factors with adiposity among immigrants in Norway: a secondary data analysis. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:772. [PMID: 32448125 PMCID: PMC7247236 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08918-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is becoming an important public health challenge, especially among immigrants coming from low and middle income to high-income countries. In this study we examined the relationship between overweight/obesity and various socio-demographic indicators among different immigrant groups in Norway. METHODS We used data from the Living Conditions Survey among Immigrants 2016, conducted by Statistics Norway. Our study sample included 4194 immigrants from 12 different countries. Participants were asked about a number of topics including health, weight, height, demographic factors, length of residence and employment. We ran logistic regression analysis to determine the odds ratio (OR) of the associations between socio-demographic factors with adiposity among immigrants. RESULTS Approximately 53% of the sample was overweight/obese. There was a significant difference in overweight/obesity by gender, age, country of origin and marital status. Overall immigrant men were almost 52% more likely to be overweight/obese than women. Women from Somalia had the highest odds (13.1; CI: 7.4-23.1) of being overweight/obese, followed by Iraq (8.6; CI: 4.9-14.9), Pakistan (7.5; CI: 4.2-13.4), Kosovo (7.0; CI: 4.1-12.1), and Turkey (6.8; CI: 4.0-11.6) as compared to the women from Vietnam (reference). Whereas men from Turkey had the highest odds (5.2; CI: (3.2-8.3)) of being overweight/obese, followed by Poland (4.2; CI: 2.7-6.1), Bosnia (4.1; CI: (2.6-6.5) and Kosovo (3.9; CI: 2.5-6.1). The odds for obesity increased with age and odds were highest in the eldest group 45-66 years (4.3; CI: 3.2-5.8) as compared to reference group16-24 years. The odds of being overweight/obese was higher among married (1.6; CI: 1.3-1.9) and divorced/separated/widowed (1.5; CI: 1.1-2.0) as compared to singles. Education, employment status, physical activity and length of residence were not associated with the odds of being overweight/obese. CONCLUSION The findings of this study call attention to the importance of a greater understanding of the processes leading to obesity among certain immigrant groups in Norway. Moreover, there is a need for culturally adapted prevention strategies targeting immigrant men and women with high rates of overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samera Azeem Qureshi
- Unit for Migration & Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), P.O.Box 222, 0213, Oslo, Skøyen, Norway.
| | - Melanie Straiton
- Department of Mental Health and Suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), P.O.Box 222, 0213, Oslo, Skøyen, Norway
| | - Abdi A Gele
- Unit for Migration & Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), P.O.Box 222, 0213, Oslo, Skøyen, Norway
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11
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The association between birthweight and grandparental type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in a multiethnic population. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2019; 11:403-409. [PMID: 31735184 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174419000758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Intergenerational links of chronic disease have been suggested, as birthweight (BW) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in both parents and grandparents. However, most studies investigating these relationships have used relatively homogenous, white, majority populations. This study aimed to investigate the association between BW and CVD and T2D in a multiethnic population, that is, where the parents and grandparents often developed in a different environment from that where the child was born. Participants were women from a population-based cohort study of pregnant women (STORK Groruddalen), attending Child Health Clinics for antenatal care in three administrative city districts in Oslo, Norway, 2008-2010. Information about socioeconomic and lifestyle factors were collected among mothers and fathers. Parents reported history of CVD or T2D among grandparents. In logistic regressions, higher BW z-scores were associated with lower odds of T2D among maternal (OR 0.71 (95% CI 0.53, 0.97) and paternal (0.68 (0.49, 0.94) grandmothers after adjustments for parental and grandmothers' characteristics. BW was not associated with CVD, but the association in maternal grandfathers was borderline significant. Our results indicate intergenerational transmission of chronic diseases like T2D in a multiethnic population.
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12
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Kinnunen TI, Skogberg N, Härkänen T, Lundqvist A, Laatikainen T, Koponen P. Overweight and abdominal obesity in women of childbearing age of Russian, Somali and Kurdish origin and the general Finnish population. J Public Health (Oxf) 2019; 40:262-270. [PMID: 28505378 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdx053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Migrant background and higher parity may increase the risk of being overweight. We compared the prevalence of overweight (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2) and abdominal obesity (waist-to-height ratio ≥0.5) between non-pregnant migrant and Finnish women aged 18-45 years. Methods The participants were 165 Russian, 164 Somali and 179 Kurdish origin women from the cross-sectional Migrant Health and Wellbeing study. The reference group included 388 women from the general Finnish population. Body anthropometrics were measured. The main statistical methods were logistic regression adjusted for sociodemographic and reproductive variables. Results The unadjusted prevalence of overweight and obesity, respectively, were higher among Somali (32.9%, 30.9%, P < 0.001) and Kurdish women (41.1%, 19.5%, P < 0.001) than among Finnish women (19.9%, 9.8%). The adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for overweight (including obesity) were 0.54 (0.33; 0.89) for Russian, 2.89 (1.66; 5.03) for Somali and 2.56 (1.64; 4.00) for Kurdish women compared with Finnish women. Kurdish women had 2.96-fold (1.75; 5.00) adjusted odds ratio for abdominal obesity compared with Finnish women. Being parous was associated with overweight and abdominal obesity among Kurdish women. Conclusions Overweight and obesity were very common among Somali and Kurdish origin women. Information on diet and physical activity in these groups is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarja I Kinnunen
- Faculty of Social Sciences/Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Natalia Skogberg
- Department of Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tommi Härkänen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annamari Lundqvist
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Primary Health Care Unit, Hospital District of North Karelia, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Päivikki Koponen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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13
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Næss-Andresen ML, Eggemoen ÅR, Berg JP, Falk RS, Jenum AK. Serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, and total body iron for the detection of iron deficiency in early pregnancy: a multiethnic population-based study with low use of iron supplements. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:566-575. [PMID: 30831600 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Which blood-based indicator best reflects the iron status in pregnant women is unclear. Better assessments of iron status in today's multiethnic populations are needed to optimize treatment and clinical recommendations. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia (hemoglobin <11.0 g/dL in first and <10.5 g/dL in second trimester) and iron deficiency (ID) by the iron indicators serum ferritin <15 µg/L, serum soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) >4.4 mg/L, and calculated total body iron <0 mg/kg, and their associations with ethnicity. METHODS This was a population-based cross-sectional study from primary antenatal care of 792 healthy women in early pregnancy in Oslo, Norway. We categorized the women into 6 ethnic groups: Western European, South Asian, Middle Eastern, Sub-Saharan African, East Asian, and Eastern European. RESULTS Anemia was found in 5.9% of women (Western Europeans: 1.8%; non-Western: 0-14%, P < 0.05). ID from ferritin was found in 33% (Western Europeans: 15%; non-Western: 27-55%, P < 0.05). ID from sTfR was found in 6.5% (Western Europeans: 0.3%; non-Western: 0-20%, P < 0.01). Calculated total body iron indicated ID in 11% (Western Europeans: 0.6%, non-Western: 7.0-28%, P < 0.01). The prevalence of ID was significantly higher by all measures in South Asian, Sub-Saharan African, and Middle Eastern than in Western European women, and the ethnic differences persisted after adjusting for confounders. South Asians, Sub-Saharan Africans, and Middle Easterners had lower iron concentrations by all measures for all hemoglobin intervals. Anemia related to ID varied from 35% (sTfR) to 46% (total body iron) and 72% (ferritin) depending on the iron indicator used. CONCLUSIONS Women at the highest risk of ID and anemia were of South Asian, Middle Eastern, and Sub-Saharan African origin. The prevalence of ID differed considerably depending on the iron indicator used.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Åse Ruth Eggemoen
- Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Petter Berg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Sørum Falk
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Karen Jenum
- General Practice Research Unit (AFE), Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Kinnunen TI, Richardsen KR, Sletner L, Torgersen L, Sommer C, Waage CW, Mdala I, Jenum AK. Ethnic differences in body mass index trajectories from 18 years to postpartum in a population-based cohort of pregnant women in Norway. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e022640. [PMID: 30798304 PMCID: PMC6398684 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore ethnic differences in changes in body mass index (BMI) from the age of 18 years to 3 months postpartum. DESIGN A population-based cohort study. SETTING Child Health Clinics in Oslo, Norway. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 811 pregnant women (mean age 30 years). Ethnicity was categorised into six groups. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES The outcome variable was BMI (kg/m2) measured at the age of 18 and 25 years, at prepregnancy and at 3 months postpartum. Body weight at 18 years, 25 years and prepregnancy were self-reported in early pregnancy, while body height and weight at 3 months postpartum were measured. The main statistical method was generalised estimating equations, adjusted for age. The analyses were stratified by parity due to ethnicity×time×parity interaction (p<0.001). RESULTS Primiparous South Asian women had a 1.45 (95% CI 0.39 to 2.52) kg/m² higher and Middle Eastern women had 1.43 (0.16 to 2.70) kg/m2 higher mean BMI increase from 18 years to postpartum than Western European women. Among multiparous women, the mean BMI increased 1.99 (1.02 to 2.95) kg/m2 more in South Asian women, 1.48 (0.31 to 2.64) kg/m2 more in Middle Eastern women and 2.49 (0.55 to 4.42) kg/m2 more in African women than in Western European women from 18 years to prepregnancy. From 18 years to postpartum, the mean increase was 4.40 (2.38 to 6.42) kg/m2 higher in African women and 1.94 to 2.78 kg/m2 higher in the other groups than in Western European women. CONCLUSIONS Multiparous women of ethnic minority origin seem substantially more prone to long-term weight gain than multiparous Western European women in Norway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarja I Kinnunen
- Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kåre R Richardsen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Line Sletner
- Department of Child and Adolescents Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Leila Torgersen
- Department of Child Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Sommer
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christin W Waage
- Institute of Health and Society, Department of General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ibrahimu Mdala
- General Practice Research Unit (AFE), Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Karen Jenum
- General Practice Research Unit (AFE), Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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15
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Thomas DD, Anderson WA, Apovian CM, Hess DT, Yu L, Velazquez A, Carmine B, Istfan NW. Weight Recidivism After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery: An 11-Year Experience in a Multiethnic Medical Center. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:217-225. [PMID: 30421862 PMCID: PMC6345597 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Weight recidivism following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is common and is associated with recurrence of comorbidities. Studies with long-term follow-up of recidivism quantified by weight regain (WR) are lacking. A retrospective review of all RYGB at our center from 2004 to 2015 was performed to examine the effects of race and type 2 diabetes on WR following RYGB. METHODS Multivariable linear mixed models were used for the effects of time and race on weight, WR relative to nadir weight (WR/nadir), and WR relative to maximal weight loss, and Cox regressions were used for low, moderate, and high WR/nadir. RESULTS A total of 1,395 participants were identified. The sample was limited to African American (AA), Caucasian American (CA), and Hispanic American (HA) participants. The effects of time (P < 0.0001), race (P < 0.0001), and race × time interaction (P = 0.0008) on weight trajectory were significant. AA had significantly more WR than CA (P < 0.01). AA and HA had a higher hazard ratio for having low, moderate, and rapid WR/nadir. CONCLUSIONS Racial disparities after RYGB include WR and particularly affect AA. Understanding the etiologic factors that contribute to these disparities is important to optimize the long-term clinical outcomes of bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan D Thomas
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Weight Management, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wendy A Anderson
- Section of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caroline M Apovian
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Weight Management, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Donald T Hess
- Section of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Liqun Yu
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Weight Management, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amanda Velazquez
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Weight Management, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Southern California Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brian Carmine
- Section of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nawfal W Istfan
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Weight Management, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Korzeniewski SJ, Slaughter J, Lenski M, Haak P, Paneth N. The complex aetiology of cerebral palsy. Nat Rev Neurol 2018; 14:528-543. [PMID: 30104744 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-018-0043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most prevalent, severe and costly motor disability of childhood. Consequently, CP is a public health priority for prevention, but its aetiology has proved complex. In this Review, we summarize the evidence for a decline in the birth prevalence of CP in some high-income nations, describe the epidemiological evidence for risk factors, such as preterm delivery and fetal growth restriction, genetics, pregnancy infection and other exposures, and discuss the success achieved so far in prevention through the use of magnesium sulfate in preterm labour and therapeutic hypothermia for birth-asphyxiated infants. We also consider the complexities of disentangling prenatal and perinatal influences, and of establishing subtypes of the disorder, with a view to accelerating the translation of evidence into the development of strategies for the prevention of CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Korzeniewski
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Jaime Slaughter
- Department of Health Systems and Sciences Research and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Madeleine Lenski
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Peterson Haak
- Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Nigel Paneth
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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17
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Toftemo I, Jenum AK, Lagerløv P, Júlίusson PB, Falk RS, Sletner L. Contrasting patterns of overweight and thinness among preschool children of different ethnic groups in Norway, and relations with maternal and early life factors. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1056. [PMID: 30139343 PMCID: PMC6108110 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5952-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood obesity is a worldwide health challenge and risk factor for adult life obesity, which predisposes to development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. However, also thinness in early life has been related to these diseases, especially if followed by fat gain. In European countries, susceptibility to cardio-metabolic diseases varies considerably between ethnic groups. We investigated ethnic differences in overweight and thinness in a multi-ethnic, population-based cohort of preschool children in Norway, and associations with maternal and early postnatal factors. Methods Participants were children aged 4–5 years (n = 570) drawn from the population-based STORK Groruddalen cohort of healthy women and offspring followed from early pregnancy. Ethnic groups were: European (n = 298), South Asian (n = 154), and Middle East/North African (n = 118). Children’s growth data were provided from routine visits at local Child Health Clinics. Weight status was defined by the International Obesity Task Force. Using multinomial logistic regression analysis, we explored ethnic differences in overweight and thinness, and associations with maternal-, pre, − and postnatal factors. Results Children of Middle East/North African origin had higher prevalence of overweight (22.0%) compared to European (12.8%) children, and in adjusted logistic regression analysis almost the double risk (OR 1.98; 95%CI: 1.08–3.63). Prevalence was lower in children of South Asian origin (5.2%). Children with South Asian background had higher prevalence of thinness (26.0%) compared to ethnic Europeans (10.4%), and the double risk (OR 2.20; 95%CI: 1.25–3.87) in adjusted models. Applying newly suggested BMI adjustments in South Asian children, taking into account their relatively increased adiposity, markedly increased the prevalence of overweight, and decreased the prevalence of thinness in this subgroup. Birthweight and maternal prepregnant overweight were strongly, positively associated with overweight, and inversely associated with thinness. Lower maternal age was associated with overweight only. Conclusions In a multi-ethnic cohort we found strikingly different patterns of overweight and thinness among children of different ethnic groups at age 4–5 years, and a strong association between maternal BMI and their children’s weight status. More knowledge is needed on what characterizes and what promotes healthy growth patterns in multi-ethnic populations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-5952-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingun Toftemo
- Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Postboks 1130 Blindern, N-0318, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anne Karen Jenum
- General Practice Research Unit (AFE), Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Postboks 1130 Blindern, N-0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Lagerløv
- Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Postboks 1130 Blindern, N-0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pétur B Júlίusson
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Section of Paediatrics, University of Bergen, N-5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Sørum Falk
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, PB 4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Line Sletner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
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18
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Shakeel N, Richardsen KR, Martinsen EW, Eberhard-Gran M, Slinning K, Jenum AK. Physical activity in pregnancy and postpartum depressive symptoms in a multiethnic cohort. J Affect Disord 2018; 236:93-100. [PMID: 29723768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is strong evidence that postpartum depression is associated with adverse health effects in the mother and infant. Few studies have explored associations between physical activity in pregnancy and postpartum depression. We aimed to investigate whether physical activity during pregnancy was inversely associated with postpartum depressive symptoms, PPDS in a multiethnic sample. METHOD Population-based, prospective cohort of 643 pregnant women (58% ethnic minorities) attending primary antenatal care from early pregnancy to postpartum in Oslo between 2008 and 2010. Data on demographics and health outcomes were collected during standardized interviews. PPDS was defined by a sum score ≥10 from the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), 3 months after birth. Physical activity was recorded with Sense Wear™ Pro3 Armband (SWA) in gestational week 28 and defined as moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) accumulated in bouts ≥10 min. RESULTS Women who accumulated ≥150 MVPA minutes/week had significantly lower risk (OR = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.06-0.90), for PPDS compared to those who did not accumulate any minutes/week of MVPA, adjusted for ethnic minority background, depressive symptoms in the index pregnancy and self-reported pelvic girdle syndrome. The results for MVPA persisted in the sub-sample of ethnic minority women. LIMITATIONS Numbers of cases with PPDS were limited. The SWA does not measure water activities. Due to missing data for SWA we used multiple imputations. CONCLUSION Women meeting the physical activity recommendation (>150 MVPA min/week) during pregnancy have a lower risk of PPDS compared to women who are not active during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilam Shakeel
- General Practice Research Unit (AFE), Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kåre Rønn Richardsen
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway.
| | - Egil W Martinsen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Malin Eberhard-Gran
- Domain for Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Health Services Research Centre, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kari Slinning
- Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Eastern and Southern Norway (R.BUP Oslo), Norway.
| | - Anne Karen Jenum
- General Practice Research Unit (AFE), Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Norway.
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19
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Dietary patterns and their association with adiponectin and leptin concentrations throughout pregnancy: a prospective cohort. Br J Nutr 2018; 119:320-329. [PMID: 29345609 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517003580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of dietary patterns (DP) with maternal adiposity indicators, leptin, adiponectin and insulin concentrations during pregnancy. A prospective cohort of pregnant women followed up at the 5th-13th, 20th -26th and 30th-36th gestational weeks and 30-40 d postpartum was conducted in Rio de Janeiro. A FFQ was administered in the third trimester (30th-36th gestational weeks). The reduced rank regression procedure was used to identify DP that explain response variables (dietary fibre and total fat) related to indicators of maternal adiposity (postpartum weight retention and gestational weight gain (GWG) adequacy), and plasma leptin, adiponectin and insulin concentrations. The associations between tertiles of DP and the outcomes were determined using logistic regression or longitudinal linear mixed-effect regression models. The mean daily energy intake during pregnancy was 10 104 (sd 3234) kJ (2415 (sd 773) kcal), and GWG was 11·9 (sd 4·2) kg. In all, 40 % of women presented pre-gestational overweight/obesity. Excessive GWG occurred in 34·7 % of pregnant women and 56·6 % were overweight/obese at postpartum. The 'common-Brazilian' DP (characterised by higher intake of beans, rice and lower intake of fast food/snacks, candies/table sugar and processed meats/bacon) was positively associated with adiponectin (β=1·07; 95 % CI 0·17, 1·98). The 'Western' DP (characterised by higher intake of fast food/snacks and processed meat/bacon and lower intake of noodles/pasta/roots/tubers and sodas) was negatively associated with adiponectin (β=-1·11; 95 % CI -2·00, -0·22) and positively associated with leptin concentrations (β=64·9; 95 % CI 22·8, 107·0) throughout pregnancy. It may be suggested that the 'common-Brazilian' is a healthy DP and beneficial for serum concentrations of adiponectin and leptin.
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20
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Eggemoen ÅR, Waage CW, Sletner L, Gulseth HL, Birkeland KI, Jenum AK. Vitamin D, Gestational Diabetes, and Measures of Glucose Metabolism in a Population-Based Multiethnic Cohort. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:8939235. [PMID: 29850611 PMCID: PMC5933024 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8939235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We explored associations between maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status during pregnancy and gestational diabetes (GDM) and other measures of glucose metabolism. METHODS We analysed 25(OH)D at 15 and 28 gestational weeks (GW) in 745 multiethnic pregnant women attending antenatal care units in Oslo, Norway, between 2008 and 2010. GDM was diagnosed with a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test at 28 GW. Separate regression analyses were performed to investigate associations between 25(OH)D and GDM and measures of glucose metabolism. RESULTS A higher proportion of ethnic minority women had GDM (p < 0.01) and low 25(OH)D (p < 0.01) compared to Europeans. In logistic regression analyses, 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L was associated with GDM after adjusting for age, parity, education, and season (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.1-2.2). After additional adjustments for variables reflecting fat mass (skinfolds or BMI) and ethnicity, the association disappeared with ethnicity having a much stronger effect than the adiposity variables. We got similar results exploring effects on other measures of glucose metabolism and when change in 25(OH)D from inclusion to 28 GW was taken into account. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency was not associated with GDM or glucose metabolism in a multiethnic population-based study, after adjustments for confounding factors, in particular ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åse Ruth Eggemoen
- Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christin Wiegels Waage
- Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Line Sletner
- Department of Child and Adolescence Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Hanne L. Gulseth
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kåre I. Birkeland
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Karen Jenum
- General Practice Research Unit (AFE), Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Kinnunen TI, Sletner L, Sommer C, Post MC, Jenum AK. Ethnic differences in folic acid supplement use in a population-based cohort of pregnant women in Norway. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2017; 17:143. [PMID: 28506268 PMCID: PMC5433134 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-017-1292-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peri-conceptional use of folic acid supplements is recommended to prevent neural tube defects. Correct supplement use seems to be less common among ethnic minorities. We examined ethnic differences in folic acid supplement use before and during pregnancy and possible effect modification by education or planning of pregnancy. Methods The participants were 811 healthy pregnant women from a population-based cohort study in Oslo, Norway in 2008–2010. Ethnicity was categorized to five groups (European, Middle Eastern, South Asian, East Asian, African). Data on folic acid supplement use were obtained from hospital records and remaining data by a questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses were adjusted for age, parity, planning of pregnancy, education and Norwegian language skills. Results Before pregnancy, 30.1% of European women and 7.1 to 13.6% of women in the other ethnic groups used folic acid supplements (p < 0.001). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for supplement use was 0.55 (95% confidence interval 0.31; 0.96) for South Asian and 0.42 (95% confidence interval 0.19; 0.94) for Middle Eastern women compared with European women. During pregnancy, supplement use was most common in European women (65.7%) and least common in Middle Eastern (29.4%) and African women (29.0%) (p < 0.001). Compared with European women, all other ethnic groups had lower adjusted odds (OR 0.30 to 0.50, p < 0.05 for all) for supplement use among women with high school or less education, but not among more educated women. Planning of pregnancy did not modify the association between ethnicity and supplement use. Conclusions Few women used folic acid supplements before pregnancy. Educational level modified the association between ethnicity and supplement use during pregnancy. Public health campaigns should focus on increasing awareness especially in ethnic minority groups with low educational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarja I Kinnunen
- Faculty of Social Sciences /Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Line Sletner
- Department of Child and Adolescents Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Christine Sommer
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Anne Karen Jenum
- Institute of Health and Society, Department of General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Flynn AC, Seed PT, Patel N, Barr S, Bell R, Briley AL, Godfrey KM, Nelson SM, Oteng-Ntim E, Robinson SM, Sanders TA, Sattar N, Wardle J, Poston L, Goff LM. Dietary patterns in obese pregnant women; influence of a behavioral intervention of diet and physical activity in the UPBEAT randomized controlled trial. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2016; 13:124. [PMID: 27894316 PMCID: PMC5126873 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-016-0450-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding dietary patterns in obese pregnant women will inform future intervention strategies to improve pregnancy outcomes and the health of the child. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a behavioral intervention of diet and physical activity advice on dietary patterns in obese pregnant woman participating in the UPBEAT study, and to explore associations of dietary patterns with pregnancy outcomes. METHODS In the UPBEAT randomized controlled trial, pregnant obese women from eight UK multi-ethnic, inner-city populations were randomly assigned to receive a diet/physical activity intervention or standard antenatal care. The dietary intervention aimed to reduce glycemic load and saturated fat intake. Diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline (15+0-18+6 weeks' gestation), post intervention (27+0-28+6 weeks) and in late pregnancy (34+0-36+0 weeks). Dietary patterns were characterized using factor analysis of the baseline FFQ data, and changes compared in the control and intervention arms. Patterns were related to pregnancy outcomes in the combined control/intervention cohort (n = 1023). RESULTS Four distinct baseline dietary patterns were defined; Fruit and vegetables, African/Caribbean, Processed, and Snacks, which were differently associated with social and demographic factors. The UPBEAT intervention significantly reduced the Processed (-0.14; 95% CI -0.19, -0.08, P <0.0001) and Snacks (-0.24; 95% CI -0.31, -0.17, P <0.0001) pattern scores. In the adjusted model, baseline scores for the African/Caribbean (quartile 4 compared with quartile 1: OR = 2.46; 95% CI 1.41, 4.30) and Processed (quartile 4 compared with quartile 1: OR = 2.05; 95% CI 1.23, 3.41) patterns in the entire cohort were associated with increased risk of gestational diabetes. CONCLUSIONS In a diverse cohort of obese pregnant women an intensive dietary intervention improved Processed and Snack dietary pattern scores. African/Caribbean and Processed patterns were associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes, and provide potential targets for future interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current controlled trials; ISRCTN89971375.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Flynn
- Division of Women's Health, King's College London, 10th Floor North Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.,Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, UK
| | - Paul T Seed
- Division of Women's Health, King's College London, 10th Floor North Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nashita Patel
- Division of Women's Health, King's College London, 10th Floor North Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Suzanne Barr
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ruth Bell
- Institute of Health & Society Newcastle University, UK Baddiley-Clark Building Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Annette L Briley
- Division of Women's Health, King's College London, 10th Floor North Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Mailpoint 95, Southampton, UK
| | - Scott M Nelson
- School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Eugene Oteng-Ntim
- Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, UK
| | - Sian M Robinson
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Mailpoint 95, Southampton, UK
| | - Thomas A Sanders
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, UK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, RC214 Level C2, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jane Wardle
- Health Behaviour Research Centre, Institute of Epidemiology and Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, UK
| | - Lucilla Poston
- Division of Women's Health, King's College London, 10th Floor North Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Louise M Goff
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, UK.
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Flynn AC, Schneeberger C, Seed PT, Barr S, Poston L, Goff LM. The Effects of the UK Pregnancies Better Eating and Activity Trial Intervention on Dietary Patterns in Obese Pregnant Women Participating in a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutr Metab Insights 2016; 8:79-86. [PMID: 27385914 PMCID: PMC4924882 DOI: 10.4137/nmi.s29529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of the UK Pregnancies Better Eating and Activity Trial (UPBEAT) behavioral intervention on dietary patterns in obese pregnant women. METHODS Dietary patterns were derived from Food Frequency Questionnaires using principal component analysis in 183 UPBEAT pilot study participants. RESULTS Two unhealthy dietary patterns, processed and traditional, predominantly characterized by foods high in sugar and fat, improved [processed −0.54 (−0.92 to −0.16), P = 0.006 and traditional −0.83 (−1.20 to −0.45), P < 0.001] following the intervention, while a cultural pattern that was found to be associated with the Black African/Caribbean participants did not change [−0.10 (−0.46 to 0.26), P = 0.589]. CONCLUSION Unhealthy dietary patterns are evident in obese pregnant women. The UPBEAT intervention was effective in improving maternal dietary patterns; however, obese pregnant women from minority ethnic groups may be less receptive to intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Flynn
- Division of Women's Health, King's College London, School of Medicine, London, UK.; Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, School of Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Paul T Seed
- Division of Women's Health, King's College London, School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Suzanne Barr
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lucilla Poston
- Division of Women's Health, King's College London, School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Louise M Goff
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, School of Medicine, London, UK
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24
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Maternal health and eating habits: metabolic consequences and impact on child health. Trends Mol Med 2015; 21:126-33. [PMID: 25662028 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Apart from direct inheritance and the effects of a shared environment, maternal health, eating habits and diet can affect offspring health by developmental programming. Suboptimal maternal nutrition (i.e., either a reduction or an increase above requirement) or other insults experienced by the developing fetus can induce significant changes in adipose tissue and brain development, energy homeostasis, and the structure of vital organs. These can produce long-lasting adaptations that influence later energy balance, and increase the susceptibility of that individual to obesity and the components of the metabolic syndrome. Studies that elucidate the mechanisms behind these associations will have a positive impact on the health of the future adult population and may help to contain the obesity epidemic.
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25
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Sociodemographic characteristics determine dietary pattern adherence during pregnancy. Public Health Nutr 2015; 19:1245-51. [PMID: 26400675 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980015002700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sociodemographic factors may affect adherence to specific dietary patterns during pregnancy. The present study aimed to identify dietary patterns during pregnancy and associated factors among Brazilian pregnant women. DESIGN A cross-sectional analysis. Dietary intake was evaluated with a semi-quantitative FFQ during the first postpartum week; the time frame included the second and third gestational trimesters. Principal component analysis was used to identify dietary patterns during pregnancy. Sociodemographic data were obtained using a structured questionnaire. Multiple linear regressions were applied to test the associations between the sociodemographic factors and dietary patterns. SETTING Mesquita, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2011. SUBJECTS Postpartum women (n 327) who were 18-45 years of age and Mesquita residents. RESULTS Three different dietary patterns were identified: 'healthy' (mainly comprising legumes, vegetables and fruits), 'mixed' (mainly comprising candy, butter and margarine, and snacks) and 'traditional' (mainly comprising beans and rice). Women with a higher monthly per capita family income (β=0·0006; 95% CI 0·0001, 0·001; P=0·011) and women of older age (β=0·021; 95% CI -0·001, 0·042; P=0·058) were more likely to adhere to the 'healthy' dietary pattern. Women with higher parity were less likely to adhere to the 'healthy' pattern (β=-0·097; 95% CI -0·184, -0·009; P=0·030) and were more likely to adhere to the 'traditional' pattern (β=0·098; 95% CI 0·021, 0·175; P=0·012). Although not statistically significant, older women were less likely to adhere to the 'mixed' (β=-0·017; 95% CI -0·037, 0·003; P=0·075) and 'traditional' (β=-0·018; 95% CI -0·037, 0·001; P=0·061) dietary patterns. CONCLUSIONS Monthly per capita family income, parity and maternal age were factors associated with adherence to a healthy diet during pregnancy.
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26
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Dekker LH, van Dam RM, Snijder MB, Peters RJG, Dekker JM, de Vries JHM, de Boer EJ, Schulze MB, Stronks K, Nicolaou M. Comparable Dietary Patterns Describe Dietary Behavior across Ethnic Groups in the Netherlands, but Different Elements in the Diet Are Associated with Glycated Hemoglobin and Fasting Glucose Concentrations. J Nutr 2015; 145:1884-91. [PMID: 26136591 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.207472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethnic minority populations in Western societies suffer from a disproportionate burden of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Insight into the role of dietary patterns in T2D may assist public health nutrition efforts in addressing these health disparities. OBJECTIVE We explored the association between dietary patterns and biomarkers of T2D in 5 ethnic groups living in Amsterdam, Netherlands. METHODS A total of 3776 men and women aged 18-70 y of Dutch, South Asian Surinamese, African-Surinamese, Turkish, and Moroccan origin from the HELIUS (HEalthy LIfe in an Urban Setting) study were included. Diet was assessed by using a food-frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns were derived separately per ethnic group. First, food group-based dietary patterns were derived by using principal components analysis and the association with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and plasma fasting glucose was assessed by using multivariable linear regression. Second, biomarker-driven dietary patterns based on HbA1c and fasting glucose concentrations were derived by applying reduced rank regression. RESULTS Two comparable food group-based dietary patterns were identified in each ethnic group: a "meat and snack" pattern and a "vegetable" pattern. The meat-and-snack pattern derived within the Dutch origin population was significantly associated with HbA1c (β = 0.09; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.19) and fasting glucose (β = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.26) concentrations. A biomarker-derived pattern characterized by red and processed meat was observed among Dutch-origin participants; however, among ethnic minority groups, this pattern was characterized by other foods including ethnicity-specific foods (e.g., roti, couscous). CONCLUSIONS Although similar food group dietary patterns were derived within 5 ethnic groups, the association of the meat-and-snack pattern with fasting glucose concentrations differed by ethnicity. Taken together with the finding of ethnic differences in biomarker-driven dietary patterns, our results imply that addressing T2D risk in multiethnic populations requires ethnicity-specific approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health and Departments of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | | | - Ron J G Peters
- Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline M Dekker
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Evelien J de Boer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Nutrition, Prevention, and Health Services, Bilthoven, Netherlands; and
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
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27
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Dekker LH, Nicolaou M, van Dam RM, de Vries JHM, de Boer EJ, Brants HAM, Beukers MH, Snijder MB, Stronks K. Socio-economic status and ethnicity are independently associated with dietary patterns: the HELIUS-Dietary Patterns study. Food Nutr Res 2015; 59:26317. [PMID: 26041009 PMCID: PMC4454783 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v59.26317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Differences in dietary patterns between ethnic groups have often been observed. These differences may partially be a reflection of differences in socio-economic status (SES) or may be the result of differences in the direction and strength of the association between SES and diet. Objective We aimed to examine ethnic differences in dietary patterns and the role of socio-economic indicators on dietary patterns within a multi-ethnic population. Design Cross-sectional multi-ethnic population-based study. Setting Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Subjects Principal component analysis was used to identify dietary patterns among Dutch (n=1,254), South Asian Surinamese (n=425), and African Surinamese (n=784) participants. Levels of education and occupation were used to indicate SES. Linear regression analysis was used to examine the association between ethnicity and dietary pattern scores first and then between socio-economic indicators and dietary patterns within and between ethnic groups. Results ‘Noodle/rice dishes and white meat’, ‘red meat, snacks, and sweets’ and ‘vegetables, fruit and nuts’ patterns were identified. Compared to the Dutch origin participants, Surinamese more closely adhered to the ‘noodle/rice dishes and white meat’ pattern which was characterized by foods consumed in a ‘traditional Surinamese diet’. Closer adherence to the other two patterns was observed among Dutch compared to Surinamese origin participants. Ethnic differences in dietary patterns persisted within strata of education and occupation. Surinamese showed greater adherence to a ‘traditional’ pattern independent of SES. Among Dutch participants, a clear socio-economic gradient in all dietary patterns was observed. Such a gradient was only present among Surinamese dietary oatterns to the ‘vegetables, fruit and nuts’ pattern. Conclusions We found a selective change in the adherence to dietary patterns among Surinamese origin participants, presumably a move towards more vegetables and fruits with higher SES but continued fidelity to the traditional diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise H Dekker
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Mary Nicolaou
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health and Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Jeanne H M de Vries
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien J de Boer
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Henny A M Brants
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marja H Beukers
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke B Snijder
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karien Stronks
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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28
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Waage CW, Falk RS, Sommer C, Mørkrid K, Richardsen KR, Baerug A, Shakeel N, Birkeland KI, Jenum AK. Ethnic differences in postpartum weight retention: a Norwegian cohort study. BJOG 2015; 123:699-708. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- CW Waage
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
- Department of General Practice; Institute of Health and Society; Faculty of Medicine; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - RS Falk
- Oslo Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
| | - C Sommer
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - K Mørkrid
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health; Oslo Norway
| | - KR Richardsen
- Department for Women's and Children's Health; Norwegian Resource Centre for Women's Health; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences; Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences; Oslo Norway
| | - A Baerug
- Norwegian Resource Centre for Breastfeeding; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
| | - N Shakeel
- Department of General Practice; Institute of Health and Society; Faculty of Medicine; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - KI Birkeland
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - AK Jenum
- Department of General Practice; Institute of Health and Society; Faculty of Medicine; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences; Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences; Oslo Norway
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29
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Evaluation of dietary patterns among Norwegian postmenopausal women using plasma carotenoids as biomarkers. Br J Nutr 2015; 113:672-82. [PMID: 25622727 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514004103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A number of studies have examined dietary patterns in various populations. However, to study to what extent such patterns capture meaningful differences in consumption of foods is of interest. In the present study, we identified important dietary patterns in Norwegian postmenopausal women (age 50-69 years, n 361), and evaluated these patterns by examining their associations with plasma carotenoids. Diet was assessed by a 253-item FFQ. These 253 food items were categorised into forty-six food groups, and dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. We used the partial correlation coefficient (r(adj)) and multiple linear regression analysis to examine the associations between the dietary patterns and the plasma carotenoids α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, lycopene and zeaxanthin. Overall, four dietary patterns were identified: the 'Western'; 'Vegetarian'; 'Continental'; 'High-protein'. The 'Western' dietary pattern scores were significantly inversely correlated with plasma lutein, zeaxanthin, lycopene and total carotenoids (-0·25 ≤ r(adj) ≤ -0·13). The 'Vegetarian' dietary pattern scores were significantly positively correlated with all the plasma carotenoids (0·15 ≤ r(adj) ≤ 0·24). The 'Continental' dietary pattern scores were significantly inversely correlated with plasma lutein and α-carotene (r(adj) = -0·13). No significant association between the 'High-protein' dietary pattern scores and the plasma carotenoids was found. In conclusion, the healthy dietary pattern, the 'Vegetarian' pattern, is associated with a more favourable profile of the plasma carotenoids than our unhealthy dietary patterns, the 'Western' and 'Continental' patterns.
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30
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Shakeel N, Eberhard-Gran M, Sletner L, Slinning K, Martinsen EW, Holme I, Jenum AK. A prospective cohort study of depression in pregnancy, prevalence and risk factors in a multi-ethnic population. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2015; 15:5. [PMID: 25616717 PMCID: PMC4310137 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-014-0420-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression in pregnancy increases the risk of complications for mother and child. Few studies are done in ethnic minorities. We wanted to identify the prevalence of depression in pregnancy and associations with ethnicity and other risk factors. METHOD Population-based, prospective cohort of 749 pregnant women (59% ethnic minorities) attending primary antenatal care during early pregnancy in Oslo between 2008 and 2010. Questionnaires covering demographics, health problems and psychosocial factors were collected through interviews. Depression in pregnancy was defined as a sum score ≥ 10 by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at gestational week 28. RESULTS The crude prevalence of depression was; Western Europeans: 8.6% (95% CI: 5.45-11.75), Middle Easterners: 19.5% (12.19-26.81), South Asians: 17.5% (12.08-22.92), and other groups: 11.3% (6.09-16.51). Median EPDS score was 6 in Middle Easterners and 3 in all other groups. Middle Easterners (OR = 2.81; 95% CI (1.29-6.15)) and South Asians (2.72 (1.35-5.48)) had significantly higher risk for depression than other minorities and Western Europeans in logistic regression models. When adjusting for socioeconomic position and family structure, the ORs were reduced by 16-18% (OR = 2.44 (1.07-5.57) and 2.25 (1.07-4.72). Other significant risk factors were the number of recent adverse life events, self-reported history of depression and poor subjective health three months before conception. CONCLUSION The prevalence of depression in pregnancy was higher in ethnic minorities from the Middle East and South Asia. The increased risk persisted after adjustment for risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilam Shakeel
- University of Oslo Institue for health and society, departement of general practice, Norway, Avdeling for allmennmedisin, institutt for helse og samfunn, Universitetet i Oslo, Norge, Postboks 1130 Blindern, Oslo, 0318, Norway.
| | - Malin Eberhard-Gran
- Department of Psychosomatics and Health Behaviour, Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. .,Health Services Research Center, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Lørenskog, Norway.
| | - Line Sletner
- Department of Child and Adolescents Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.
| | - Kari Slinning
- The Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway (RBUP), Oslo, Norway. .,Department of psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Egil W Martinsen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ingar Holme
- Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, departement of Biostatic, Epidemiology and Health economics, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anne Karen Jenum
- Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
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