1
|
Adhikary K, Barman S, Banerjee P, Mondal P, Dam B, Misra A, Chandra Mandal N, Mukherjee D, Bandyopadhyay B, Maiti R. Characterization and antimicrobial activity of essential oils extracted from lemongrass ( Cymbopogon flexuosus) using microwave-assisted hydro distillation. Z NATURFORSCH C 2024:znc-2024-0095. [PMID: 39319826 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2024-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) essential oil (LGEO) contains α-citral, β-citral and other phytochemicals extracted using various methods. This research extracted essential oils using steam distillation (SD) and microwave-assisted hydro distillation (MAHD) to maximize quantity and purity. LGEO was tested for antibacterial properties. LGEO was extracted using SD and compared to MAHD output based on oil production and chemical composition. We performed GCMS to characterize LGEO. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) used for quantum chemical analysis. Spectroscopic analysis showed that SD extracted secondary metabolites (ethyl-linalool, isogeranial, β-citral, α-citral, geranyl acetate, and caryophyllene) yielded 9.7 %, 11.5 %, 35.4 %, 13.4 %, 6.4 %, and 6.4 %, respectively, while MAHD yielded 10.2 %, 13.4 %, 43.2 %, 17.3 %, 6.9 %, and 7.3 %. MAHD extracted α and β citral content was better than SD extraction technique. FTIR spectroscopy and quantum chemistry analysis showed extracted oil chemical composition, electronic structure of α and β citral isomers. In the disc-diffusion experiment, both extracts were effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and harmful fungi. LGEO from SD and MAHD extraction (30 mg/mL) demonstrated disc diffusion assay antibacterial efficacy against microorganisms. The two extracts effectively inhibited microorganisms with MIC values of 3.75 and 7.5 μg/mL. It can be concluded that, LGEO have greater antimicrobial activity in MAHD extraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Adhikary
- Department of Interdisciplinary Science, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, Odisha, 761211, India
| | - Saurav Barman
- Department of Soil Science, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, Odisha, 761211, India
| | - Pradipta Banerjee
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Plant Physiology, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, Odisha, 761211, India
| | - Pallav Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Bomba Dam
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Visva Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Arijit Misra
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Visva Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Narayan Chandra Mandal
- Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Visva Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, 731235, India
| | - Debosmita Mukherjee
- Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Visva Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, 731235, India
- Plant Pathologist, Director of Cinchona and Other Medicinal Plants, Mungpoo, West Bengal, 734313, India
| | - Bidyut Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Dewandighi, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713102, India
| | - Rajkumar Maiti
- Department of Physiology, 326624 Bankura Christian College , Bankura, West Bengal, 722101, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cuenca-León K, Lima-Illescas M, Pacheco-Quito EM, Vélez-León E, Zarzuelo-Castañeda A. Effectiveness of Lemon Verbena ( Cymbopogon citratus) in Oral Candidiasis: A Systematic Review. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2024; 16:295-305. [PMID: 39286661 PMCID: PMC11403013 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s478181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The rise of phytotherapy has enabled the utilization of various plant species for medicinal purposes, such as Cymbopogon citratus (C. citratus), providing solutions for oral pathologies, such as oral candidiasis. The PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and SciELO databases were searched. In vivo and in vitro studies on the action of C. citratus against oral candidiasis were included, and ROBINS-I was used to determine study quality and risk of bias. The search yielded 1922 articles, of which 10 met the inclusion criteria. Limited scientific evidence exists regarding the use of C. citratus for oral candidiasis. However, studies have indicated its potent antifungal effects. Further studies, preferably clinical trials, are necessary to confirm this effect and to enable its clinical use as a therapeutic option.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Cuenca-León
- Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Facultad de Odontología, Cuenca, 010105, Ecuador
- Grupo de Investigación: Innovación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico. Grupo de Investigación en Odontología, Facultad de Odontología, Jefatura de Investigación e Innovación, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Cuenca, 010105, Ecuador
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Miriam Lima-Illescas
- Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Facultad de Odontología, Cuenca, 010105, Ecuador
- Grupo de Investigación: Innovación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico. Grupo de Investigación en Odontología, Facultad de Odontología, Jefatura de Investigación e Innovación, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Cuenca, 010105, Ecuador
| | - Edisson-Mauricio Pacheco-Quito
- Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Facultad de Odontología, Cuenca, 010105, Ecuador
- Grupo de Investigación: Innovación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico. Grupo de Investigación en Odontología, Facultad de Odontología, Jefatura de Investigación e Innovación, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Cuenca, 010105, Ecuador
| | - Eleonor Vélez-León
- Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Facultad de Odontología, Cuenca, 010105, Ecuador
- Grupo de Investigación: Innovación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico. Grupo de Investigación en Odontología, Facultad de Odontología, Jefatura de Investigación e Innovación, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Cuenca, 010105, Ecuador
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tang Y, Li H, Song Q. Lemongrass essential oil and its major component citronellol: evaluation of larvicidal activity and acetylcholinesterase inhibition against Anopheles sinensis. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:315. [PMID: 39227462 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08338-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases, such as malaria, dengue fever, and the Zika virus, pose significant global health challenges, affecting millions annually. Due to increasing insecticide resistance, there is a growing interest in natural alternatives for mosquito control. Lemongrass essential oil, derived from Cymbopogon citratus, has shown promising repellent and larvicidal properties against various mosquito species. In this study, we investigated the larvicidal effect of lemongrass oil and its major compounds on Anopheles sinensis, the primary malaria vector in China. GC-MS analysis identified the major compounds of lemongrass oil as ( +)-citronellal (35.60%), geraniol (21.84%), and citronellol (13.88%). Lemongrass oil showed larvicidal activity against An. sinensis larvae, with an LC50 value of 119.20 ± 3.81 mg/L. Among the major components, citronellol had the lowest LC50 value of 42.76 ± 3.18 mg/L. Moreover, citronellol demonstrated inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in An. sinensis larvae, assessed by homogenizing larvae at different time points following treatment. Molecular docking studies further elucidated the interaction between citronellol and AChE, revealing the formation of hydrogen bonds and Pi-Sigma bonds. Aromatic amino acid residues such as Tyr71, Trp83, Tyr370, and Tyr374 played a pivotal role in these interactions. These findings may contribute to understanding lemongrass oil's larvicidal activity against An. sinensis and the mechanisms underlying these effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- ChongQing College of Architecture and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Heng Li
- The Center of Evidence Identification of Chongqing Police Bereau, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Qiaoling Song
- Chongqing Yuzhong District Zengjiayan Primary School, Chongqing, 400015, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tazi A, El Moujahed S, Jaouad N, Saghrouchni H, Al-Ashkar I, Liu L, Errachidi F. Exploring the Bioactive Potential of Moroccan Lemon Grass ( Cymbopogon citratus L.): Investigations on Molecular Weight Distribution and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potentials. Molecules 2024; 29:3982. [PMID: 39274830 PMCID: PMC11395846 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29173982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus L.) revealed a variety of active molecules and examined their biological characteristics. However, most of these studies were conducted on wild varieties, while cultivated plants were addressed less. This study aimed to characterize the biomolecules and biological activities of lemon grass growing under North African conditions in Morocco. Phenolic compound profiles of aqueous (AE), ethanol (EE), and methanol (ME) extracts and their fractions were obtained with steric exclusion chromatography on Sephadex G50 gel and identified by LC-MS/MS. Then, total polyphenols (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), and antioxidant activities (FRAP: scavenging value and TAC: Total Antioxidant Capacity) of the fraction were evaluated, as well as the antimicrobial activity. The obtained results showed that the ME contained eight major compounds (i.e., apigenine-7-O-rutinoside and myricitine-3-O-rutinoside). The AE showed the presence of five molecules (i.e., kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide), while EE showed the presence of three molecules (i.e., quercetine-3-O-rutinoside). Regarding the chemical characterization, the highest value of total phenolic content (TPC) was obtained in AE (25) (4.60 ± 0.29 mg/g), and the highest value of total flavonoid content (TFC) was obtained in ME (29) (0.7 ± 0.08 mg/g). Concerning the antioxidant activity, the highest FRAP was obtained in ME (29) (97.89%), and the highest total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was obtained in ME (29) (89.89%). Correlation between FRAP, TPC, and TFC was noted only in fractions of AE and ME. All tested extracts of C. citratus and their fractions showed a significant antimicrobial effect. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was recorded for ME against E. coli. Extracts' biological activities and their fractions were governed by their active molecules. These data are new and clarify a novel aspect of bioactive molecules in the extracts of cultivated C. citratus. Equally, throughout this research, we clarified the relationship between identified molecules and their biological properties, including antioxidant and anti-microbial activities, which is new for the study area. This study is suggested as a reference for comparative studies and other assays of other biological activities for the study plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Tazi
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Sara El Moujahed
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Noura Jaouad
- Laboratory of Engineering, Electrochemistry, Modeling and Environment (LIEME), Faculty of Sciences Dhar Lmehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Hamza Saghrouchni
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Cukurova University, Balcalı, 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Al-Ashkar
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Liyun Liu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Faouzi Errachidi
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Prado GM, Prado JCS, Aguiar FLLDE, Barbosa FCB, Vale JPCDO, Martins MR, Arantes SM, Sousa NVDE, Lima DM, Marinho ES, Marinho MM, Fontenelle ROS. Antifungal, molecular docking and cytotoxic effect of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf. and Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle against Candida albicans. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2024; 96:e20230309. [PMID: 39166649 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420230309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Brazil is renowned for its extensive plant biodiversity, with emphasis on Cymbopogon, C. citratus and C. nardus, with broad antimicrobial potential. Candidemias caused by Candida albicans are highly prevalent in immunosuppressed individuals and are associated with infections by biofilms on medical devices. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of essential oils C. citratus and C. nardus against C. albicans in planktonic and biofilm forms. Essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and chemical composition evaluated by GC-FID and GC-MS. The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by the broth microdilution method and the synergy effect of essential oils and amphotericin B were evaluated by the checkerboard test. Biofilm activity was determined by the XTT assay. Cytotoxicity assays performed with VERO cells and molecular docking were performed to predict the effect of oil interaction on the SAP-5 enzyme site. The results showed activity of essential oils against planktonic cells and biofilm of C. albicans. Furthermore, the oils had a synergistic effect, and low cytotoxicity. Molecular docking showed interaction between Cadinene, Caryophyllen oxide, Germacrene D with SAP-5. The results indicate that Cymbopogon spp. studied are anti-Candida, with potential for further application in therapy against infections caused by C. albicans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme M Prado
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Cmte. Maurocélio Rocha Pontes, 100, Jocely Dantas de Andrade Torres, 62042-250 Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | - Júlio César S Prado
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Cmte. Maurocélio Rocha Pontes, 100, Jocely Dantas de Andrade Torres, 62042-250 Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisca Lidiane L DE Aguiar
- Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Av. Padre Francisco Sadoc de Araujo, 850, Alto da Brasilia, 62010-295 Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisco Cesar B Barbosa
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Cmte. Maurocélio Rocha Pontes, 100, Jocely Dantas de Andrade Torres, 62042-250 Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | - Jean P C DO Vale
- Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Av. Padre Francisco Sadoc de Araujo, 850, Alto da Brasilia, 62010-295 Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosário Martins
- Departmento de Ciências Médicas e da Saúde, Universidade de Evora, Colégio Luís António Verney, Rua Romão Ramalho, 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
- HERCULES Laboratory, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada (IIFA), Universidade de Evora, Palácio do Vimioso, Largo Marquês de Marialva 8, 7000-809, Evora, Portugal
| | - Silva Macedo Arantes
- HERCULES Laboratory, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada (IIFA), Universidade de Evora, Palácio do Vimioso, Largo Marquês de Marialva 8, 7000-809, Evora, Portugal
| | - Natália V DE Sousa
- Programa em Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Fortaleza, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Av. da Universidade, 2853, Benfica, 60020-181 Fortaleza, CE, CEP, Brazil
| | - Danielle M Lima
- Programa em Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Fortaleza, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Av. da Universidade, 2853, Benfica, 60020-181 Fortaleza, CE, CEP, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel S Marinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Ceará/UECE, Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700, 60714-903 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Márcia M Marinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Ceará/UECE, Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700, 60714-903 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Raquel O S Fontenelle
- Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Av. Padre Francisco Sadoc de Araujo, 850, Alto da Brasilia, 62010-295 Sobral, CE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao J, Fan Y, Cheng Z, Kennelly EJ, Long C. Ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry and bioactivities of Cymbopogon plants: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 330:118181. [PMID: 38608798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cymbopogon (Poaceae) plants have been used for various purposes by many indigenous peoples in all continents. In particular, almost all species in the genus have traditionally been used as folk medicine to treat ailments. Traditional application records indicated that Cymbopogon might be used extensively to treat cold, dizziness, headache, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, rheumatism, diarrhea, whole grass for cold, sore throat, tracheitis and others. AIMS OF THE REVIEW Despite several research confirmed that Cymbopogon includes a range of active components, no review has been undertaken to consolidate information on its traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and/or quality control. Thus this article aims to update a comprehensive review about the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, cultivation techniques, economic benefits, trade, threats, and future conservation implications of Cymbopogon species. It may provide informative data for future development and further investigation of this important plant group. MATERIALS AND METHODS Traditional medicinal books and ethnomedicinal publications related to Cymbopogon from 1992 to 2023 were collated to investigate its ethnobotanical, phytochemical and pharmacological information. The online databases including Google Scholar, SciFinder, Web of Science, Scopus, Springer Link, PubMed, Wiley, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Baidu Scholar, and WanFang Database were screened. RESULTS Cymbopogon (Gramineae or Poaceae) plants have been grown worldwide. Traditional Chinese medicine and other medicinal systems believes that Cymbopogon has the effect of relieve a cough, analgesia, treating dizziness, traumatic injury and can relieve abdominal pain. A total of 153 compounds, including flavonoids, terpenoids, fatty acid and other compounds were isolated or identified from Cymbopogon species by phytochemical studies. The extracts or compounds from Cymbopogon have exhibited numerous biological activities such as antibacterial, antiinflammatory, antiviral, antineoplastic, antiarrhythmic, antidiabetic and other activities. The rich contents of citronellal, citronellol and geraniol found in Cymbopogon also provide significant nutritional benefits. CONCLUSION Based on their traditional uses, phytochemicals, and pharmacological activities, Cymbopogon plants are potential medicinal and edible resources with diverse pharmacological effects. Due to various advantages of this group, they possess huge application potential in food and pharmaceutical industries, and animal husbandry. Among them, citronella is very important in terms of economic development. Further comprehensive research to evaluate the medicinal properties of Cymbopogon species will be necessary for future development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; School of Ethnology and Sociology, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yanxiao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China; Institute of National Security Studies, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhuo Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China; Institute of National Security Studies, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Edward J Kennelly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Chunlin Long
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China; Institute of National Security Studies, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ashaq B, Rasool K, Habib S, Bashir I, Nisar N, Mustafa S, Ayaz Q, Nayik GA, Uddin J, Ramniwas S, Mugabi R, Wani SM. Insights into chemistry, extraction and industrial application of lemon grass essential oil -A review of recent advances. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101521. [PMID: 38952570 PMCID: PMC11215000 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Lemongrass essential oil (LEO), extracted from high-oil lemongrass, gains prominence as a versatile natural product due to growing demand for safe health solutions. LEO comprises beneficial compounds like citral, isoneral, geraniol, and citronellal, offering diverse pharmacological benefits such as antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer effects. LEO finds applications in food preservation, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, enhancing profitability across these sectors. The review focuses on the extraction of LEO, emphasizing the need for cost-effective methods. Ultrasound and supercritical fluid extraction are effective in reducing extraction time, increasing yields, and enhancing oil quality. LEO shows promise as a valuable natural resource across industries, with applications in packaging, coating, and film development. LEO's ability to extend the shelf life of food items and impart natural flavors positions it as a valuable asset. Overall, the review emphasizes LEO's therapeutic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, strengthening its potential in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic sectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barjees Ashaq
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir, 190025, J&K, India
| | - Khansa Rasool
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir, 190025, J&K, India
| | - Samira Habib
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir, 190025, J&K, India
| | - Iqra Bashir
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir, 190025, J&K, India
| | - Naseh Nisar
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir, 190025, J&K, India
| | - Sehrish Mustafa
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir, 190025, J&K, India
| | - Qudsiya Ayaz
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir, 190025, J&K, India
| | - Gulzar Ahmad Nayik
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Govt. Degree College, Shopian 192303, J&K, India
| | - Jalal Uddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Asir 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seema Ramniwas
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Robert Mugabi
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sajad Mohd Wani
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir, 190025, J&K, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tran TD, Le AT, Van Tran D, Le TQ, Pham TV. Essential oil of the leaves of psychotria asiatica L.: chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic properties. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38613430 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2341286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
This study is focused on investigating the chemical composition and bioactive properties of the essential oil extracted from Psychotria asiatica L., a plant species known for its medicinal properties. Utilising gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, the essential oil from P. asiatica was found to contain 53 distinct constituents. Major compounds identified include (E)-citral (20.6%), 10-epi-γ-eudesmol (15.9%), (Z)-citral (10.5%), geraniol (7.4%), α-cadinol (6.7%), 7-epi-α-eudesmol (4.4%), linalool (3.7%), and α-muurolol (3.4%). The essential oil did not exhibit antioxidant activity, as indicated by an IC50 value of > 100 µg/mL, whereas the positive control L-Ascorbic acid had an IC50 of 7.37 ± 0.27 µg/mL in the DPPH model. Assessment of its anti-inflammatory potential revealed an inhibitory effect on NO production, with an IC50 value of 29.08 ± 1.54 µg/mL in Lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Furthermore, the essential oil demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against the SK-LU-1 cancer cell line, with an IC50 value of 39.75 ± 1.79 μg/mL according to the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tien Dong Tran
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Education, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Anh Tuan Le
- Mien Trung Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam National Museum of Nature, VAST, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
| | - Dat Van Tran
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Education, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Thang Quoc Le
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Education, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Ty Viet Pham
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Education, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kaur M, Sharma S, Kalia A, Sandhu N. Essential oils and their blends: mechanism of antibacterial activity and antibiofilm potential on food-grade maize starch packaging films. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00514-w. [PMID: 38506949 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00514-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Essential oils are highly complex volatile chemical compounds utilized for food preservation. The present study compares the antibacterial, and antibiofilm activities of essential oils (EOs) and their blends. Three EOs-basil, clove, and lemongrass-and their blends were evaluated against five food-borne bacterial pathogens. A concentration-dependent effect with maximum inhibition at minimum inhibitory concentration values was recorded while no synergistic activity was observed on blending of EOs. The mechanism of antibacterial action was identified as ROS burst, leakage of cytoplasmic content, and DNA degradation through fluorescence microscopy, electrical conductivity, and DNA cleavage studies. The role of EOs on biofilm growth was deciphered with lemongrass EO being most effective as it curbed biofilm formation on the surface of corn-starch packaging films. This work highlights the antibacterial action mechanism of EOs and their potential role in curtailing biofilm growth on food-grade packaging material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Pincode:141004, Punjab, India
| | - Shivani Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Pincode:141004, Punjab, India
| | - Anu Kalia
- Electron Microscoy and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Pincode:141004, Punjab, India.
| | - Nitika Sandhu
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Pincode:141004, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Duarte da Silva KC, Carneiro WF, Virote BDCR, Santos MDF, de Oliveira JPL, Castro TFD, Bertolucci SKV, Murgas LDS. Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Potential of Cymbopogon citratus Essential Oil in Zebrafish. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:581. [PMID: 38396549 PMCID: PMC10886050 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explored the protective capacity of the essential oil (EO) of Cymbopogon citratus against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the inflammatory potential in zebrafish. Using five concentrations of EO (0.39, 0.78, 1.56, 3.12, and 6.25 μg/mL) in the presence of 7.5 mM H2O2, we analyzed the effects on neutrophil migration, caudal fin regeneration, cellular apoptosis, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) after 96 h of exposure. A significant decrease in neutrophil migration was observed in all EO treatments compared to the control. Higher concentrations of EO (3.12 and 6.25 μg/mL) resulted in a significant decrease in caudal fin regeneration compared to the control. SOD activity was reduced at all EO concentrations, CAT activity significantly decreased at 3.12 μg/mL, and GST activity increased at 0.78 μg/mL and 1.56 μg/mL, compared to the control group. No significant changes in ROS production were detected. A reduction in cellular apoptosis was evident at all EO concentrations, suggesting that C. citratus EO exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, influences regenerative processes, and protects against oxidative stress and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiara Cândido Duarte da Silva
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine (FZMV), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (K.C.D.d.S.); (W.F.C.); (B.d.C.R.V.)
| | - William Franco Carneiro
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine (FZMV), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (K.C.D.d.S.); (W.F.C.); (B.d.C.R.V.)
| | - Bárbara do Carmo Rodrigues Virote
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine (FZMV), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (K.C.D.d.S.); (W.F.C.); (B.d.C.R.V.)
| | - Maria de Fátima Santos
- School of Agricultural Sciences of Lavras (ESAL), Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (M.d.F.S.); (J.P.L.d.O.); (S.K.V.B.)
| | - João Paulo Lima de Oliveira
- School of Agricultural Sciences of Lavras (ESAL), Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (M.d.F.S.); (J.P.L.d.O.); (S.K.V.B.)
| | - Tássia Flávia Dias Castro
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences II (ICBII), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Suzan Kelly Vilela Bertolucci
- School of Agricultural Sciences of Lavras (ESAL), Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (M.d.F.S.); (J.P.L.d.O.); (S.K.V.B.)
| | - Luis David Solis Murgas
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine (FZMV), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (K.C.D.d.S.); (W.F.C.); (B.d.C.R.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Adhikary K, Banerjee P, Barman S, Bandyopadhyay B, Bagchi D. Nutritional Aspects, Chemistry Profile, Extraction Techniques of Lemongrass Essential Oil and It's Physiological Benefits. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2024; 43:183-200. [PMID: 37579058 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2023.2245435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Lemongrass contains a variety of substances that are known to have antioxidant and disease-preventing properties, including essential oils, compounds, minerals, and vitamins. Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Spp.) essential oil (LGEO) has been demonstrated to ameliorate diabetes and accelerate wound healing. A member of the Poaceae family, Lemongrass, a fragrant plant, is cultivated for the extraction of essential oils including myrcene and a mixture of geranial and neral isomers of citral monoterpenes. Active constituents in lemongrass essential oil are myrcene, followed by limonene and citral along with geraniol, citronellol, geranyl acetate, neral, and nerol, which are beneficial to human health. A large part of lemongrass' expansion is driven by the plant's huge industrial potential in the food, cosmetics, and medicinal sectors. A great deal of experimental and modeling study was conducted on the extraction of essential oils. Using Google Scholar and PubMed databases, a systematic review of the literature covering the period from 1996 to 2022 was conducted, in accordance with the PRISMA declaration. There were articles on chemistry, biosynthesis, extraction techniques and worldwide demand of lemongrass oil. We compared the effectiveness of several methods of extracting lemongrass essential oil, including solvent extraction, supercritical CO2 extraction, steam distillation, hydrodistillation (HD), and microwave aided hydrodistillation (MAHD). Moreover, essential oils found in lemongrass and its bioactivities have a significant impact on human health. This manuscript demonstrates the different extraction techniques of lemongrass essential oil and its physiological benefits on diabetic wound healing, tissue repair and regeneration, as well as its immense contribution in ameliorating arthritis and joint pain.Key teaching pointsThe international market demand prediction and the pharmacological benefits of the Lemongrass essential oil have been thoroughly reported here.This article points out that different extraction techniques yield different percentages of citral and other secondary metabolites from lemon grass, for example, microwave assisted hydrodistillation and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction process yields more citral.This article highlights the concept and application of lemongrass oil in aromatherapy, joint-pain, and arthritis.Moreover, this manuscript includes a discussion about the effect of lemongrass oil on diabetic wound healing and tissue regeneration - that paves the way for further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Adhikary
- Department of Interdisciplinary Science, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India
| | - Pradipta Banerjee
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Plant Physiology, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India
| | - Saurav Barman
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India
| | - Bidyut Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Burdwan, India
| | - Debasis Bagchi
- Department of Psychology, Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, & Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yu Y, Liu K, Zhang S, Zhang L, Chang J, Jing Z. Characterizations of Water-Soluble Chitosan/Curdlan Edible Coatings and the Inhibitory Effect on Postharvest Pathogenic Fungi. Foods 2024; 13:441. [PMID: 38338576 PMCID: PMC10855209 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study focused on developing a composite coating comprising water-soluble chitosan (CTS) and curdlan (CUR). Cherry tomatoes served as the test material for assessing the preservative efficacy of these coatings. The incorporation of CUR markedly enhanced the coating's surface properties, refined its molecular structure, and improved its tensile strength and elongation at break. Additionally, the coating demonstrated enhanced permeability to water vapor, oxygen, and carbon dioxide and improved light transmission. The storage experiment, conducted at 25 ± 1 °C with a relative humidity of approximately 92% over 10 days, revealed that the CTS/CUR composite coating at a 1:1 ratio significantly outperformed the individual CTS or CUR coating and uncoated samples in maintaining the quality of postharvest cherry tomatoes. The 1:1 CTS/CUR composite coating demonstrated superior preservative effects. This study suggested that water-soluble chitosan/curdlan composite coatings have considerable potential for use in the preservation of postharvest fruits and vegetables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Yu
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (K.L.); (S.Z.); (L.Z.); (J.C.); (Z.J.)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kusuma IY, Perdana MI, Vágvölgyi C, Csupor D, Takó M. Exploring the Clinical Applications of Lemongrass Essential Oil: A Scoping Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:159. [PMID: 38399374 PMCID: PMC10892616 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lemongrass is a medicinal plant that produces essential oil with a variety of therapeutic properties. Although lemongrass essential oil (LGEO) is promising in clinical applications, the existing knowledge on the efficacy and safety of LGEO remains limited. This scoping review aimed to identify, summarize, and synthesize existing literature related to the clinical applications of LGEO to provide an overview of its potential therapeutic benefits for patients. Three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus) were used following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines to find articles published between 1 January 2013, and 1 November 2022. A total of 671 records were identified and 8 articles were included in this scoping review. The majority of patients received oromucosal and topical treatment. The results of the studies suggest that LGEO might be a useful tool in the treatment of periodontitis, gingivitis and oral malodour, with similar efficacy to chlorhexidine (anti-gingivitis effect) and doxycycline (periodontitis). Additionally, LGEO has the potential for treating pityriasis versicolor and preventing skin aging and may have anti-dandruff effects. These findings not only underscore the diverse clinical potential of LGEO but also emphasize its comparable efficacy to established treatments. Further research is imperative to comprehensively evaluate LGEO's effectiveness, safety, mechanisms of action, potential interactions with other medications, and its long-term tolerability across diverse populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikhwan Yuda Kusuma
- Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Health, Harapan Bangsa University, Purwokerto 53182, Indonesia;
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szikra utca 8, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Perdana
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Dezső Csupor
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szikra utca 8, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Miklós Takó
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rahhal B, Qneibi M, Jaradat N, Hawash M, Qadi M, Issa L, Bdir S. Multi-biological activity assessment and phytochemical characterization of an aqueous extract of the Cymbopogon citratus grown in Palestine. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:27. [PMID: 38195607 PMCID: PMC10775582 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04338-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants have historically been a rich source of medicinal compounds, with many modern pharmaceuticals derived from botanical origins. In contemporary healthcare, there is a resurgence in utilizing botanical substances as recognized medicinal agents. This study delved into understanding the phytochemical makeup and the multifaceted biological activities of an aqueous extract from Cymbopogon citratus (C. citratus). The investigated activities were its effect on AMPA receptors, antioxidant capacity, anti-lipase, anti-α-amylase actions, cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial properties. METHODS The extract of C. citratus received a comprehensive investigation, which included the study of its phytochemical composition, assessment of its antioxidant and anti-lipase properties, evaluation of its capacity to inhibit α-amylase, analysis of its impact on cell viability, and assessment of its antimicrobial activity. The approaches are used to clarify the complex physiological and biochemical characteristics. RESULTS The results were compelling; receptor kinetics had a marked impact, notably on the GluA2 subunit. Regarding its medicinal potential, the extract demonstrated potent antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities with IC50 values of 15.13 and 101.14 µg/mL, respectively. Additionally, it displayed significant inhibitory effects on the lipase enzyme and showed cytotoxicity against the Hep3B cancer cell line, with IC50 values of 144.35 and 148.37 µg/mL. In contrast, its effects on the normal LX-2 cell line were minimal, indicating selectivity. CONCLUSION The aqueous extract of C. citratus shows promising therapeutic properties. The findings advocate for further research into its compounds for potential isolation, purification, and in-depth pharmacological studies, especially in areas like nervous system disorders, diabetes, obesity, and combating oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belal Rahhal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - Mohammad Qneibi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - Nidal Jaradat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mohammed Hawash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mohammad Qadi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Linda Issa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Sosana Bdir
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Allam NAT, Hamouda RAEF, Sedky D, Abdelsalam ME, El-Gawad MEHA, Hassan NMF, Aboelsoued D, Elmaaty AMA, Ibrahim MA, Taie HAA, Hakim AS, Desouky HM, Megeed KNA, Abdel-Hamid MS. Medical prospects of cryptosporidiosis in vivo control using biofabricated nanoparticles loaded with Cinnamomum camphora extracts by Ulva fasciata. Vet World 2024; 17:108-124. [PMID: 38406364 PMCID: PMC10884584 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.108-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Global efforts are continuing to develop preparations against cryptosporidiosis. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of biosynthesized Ulva fasciata loading Cinnamomum camphora oil extract on new zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs shorten to ZnNPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as alternative treatments for Cryptosporidium parvum experimental infection in rats. Materials and Methods Oil extract was characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, loaded by U. fasciata on ionic-based ZnO and NPs, and then characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Biosafety and toxicity were investigated by skin tests. A total of 105 C. parvum oocysts/rat were used (n = 81, 2-3 W, 80-120 g, 9 male rats/group). Oocysts shedding was counted for 21 d. Doses of each preparation in addition to reference drug were administered daily for 7 d, starting on post-infection (PI) day (3). Nitazoxanide (100 mg) was used as the reference drug. After 3 weeks, the rats were sacrificed for postmortem examination and histopathological examination. Two blood samples/rat/group were collected on the 21st day. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid blood samples were also used for analysis of biochemistry, hematology, immunology, micronucleus prevalence, and chromosomal abnormalities. Results C. camphora leaves yielded 28.5 ± 0.3 g/kg oil and 20 phycocompounds were identified. Spherical and rod-shaped particles were detected at 10.47-30.98 nm and 18.83-38.39 nm, respectively. ZnNPs showed the earliest anti-cryptosporidiosis effect during 7-17 d PI. Other hematological, biochemical, immunological, histological, and genotoxicity parameters were significantly fruitful; hence, normalized pathological changes induced by infestation were observed in the NPs treatments groups against the infestation-free and Nitazoxanide treated group. Conclusion C. camphora, U. fasciata, ZnNPs, and AgNPs have refluxed the pathological effects of infection as well as positively improved host physiological condition by its anticryptosporidial immunostimulant regenerative effects with sufficient ecofriendly properties to be proposed as an alternative to traditional drugs, especially in individuals with medical reactions against chemical commercial drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nesreen Allam Tantawy Allam
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth Street, Dokki, P.O. Box: 12622, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ragaa Abd El-Fatah Hamouda
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, 5 Zone, Sadat City, Munofia, Egypt
| | - Doaa Sedky
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth Street, Dokki, P.O. Box: 12622, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahinour Ezzeldin Abdelsalam
- Department of General Biology, Center of Basic Sciences, Misr University for Science and Technology, Al Motamayez District, 6 of October, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Noha Mahmoud Fahmy Hassan
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth Street, Dokki, P.O. Box: 12622, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina Aboelsoued
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth Street, Dokki, P.O. Box: 12622, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal M. Abou Elmaaty
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth Street, Dokki, P.O. Box: 12622, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muhammad A. Ibrahim
- Cytogenetics and Animal Cell Culture Lab., National Gene Bank, Agriculture Research Center, 9 Gamaa Street, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan Anwar Aly Taie
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Agriculture and Biological Researches Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St. (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Samir Hakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth Street, Dokki, P.O. Box: 12622, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hassan Mohamed Desouky
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth Street, Dokki, P.O. Box: 12622, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kadria Nasr Abdel Megeed
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth Street, Dokki, P.O. Box: 12622, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Salah Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, 5 Zone, Sadat City, Munofia, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Allizond V, Cavallo L, Roana J, Mandras N, Cuffini AM, Tullio V, Banche G. In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Selected Essential Oils against Drug-Resistant Clinical Aspergillus spp. Strains. Molecules 2023; 28:7259. [PMID: 37959679 PMCID: PMC10650698 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment options for aspergillosis include amphotericin B (AMB) and azole compounds, such as itraconazole (ITZ). However, serious side effects related to these antifungal agents are increasingly evident, and resistance continues to increase. Currently, a new trend in drug discovery to overcome this problem is represented by natural products from plants, or their extracts. Particularly, there is a great interest in essential oils (EOs) recognized for their antimicrobial role towards bacteria, fungi and viruses. METHODS In this study, we evaluated the antifungal activity of eleven commercial EOs-clove, eucalyptus, geranium, hybrid lavender, lavender, lemon, lemongrass, neroli, oregano, tea tree and red red thyme-in comparison with AMB and ITZ against Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus and A. niger clinical isolates. Antifungal activity was determined by broth microdilution method, agar diffusion technique, fungistatic and fungicidal activities and vapor contact assay. RESULTS Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis displayed two groups of distinct biosynthetical origin: monoterpenes dominated the chemical composition of the most oils. Only two aromatic compounds (eugenol 78.91% and eugenyl acetate 11.64%) have been identified as major components in clove EO. Lemongrass EO exhibits the strongest antimicrobial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.56 mg/mL and a minimum fungicidal concentration of 2.25-4.5 mg/mL against Aspergillus spp. strains. Clove and geranium EOs were fairly effective in inhibiting Aspergillus spp. growth. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the antimicrobial potential of some EOs and support the research of new alternatives or complementary therapies based on EOs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Narcisa Mandras
- Department Public Health and Pediatrics, Microbiology Division, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; (V.A.); (L.C.); (J.R.); (A.M.C.); (V.T.); (G.B.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Olmedo GM, Zhang J, Zhao W, Mattia M, Rosskopf EN, Ritenour M, Plotto A, Bai J. Application of Thymol Vapors to Control Postharvest Decay Caused by Penicillium digitatum and Lasiodiplodia theobromae in Grapefruit. Foods 2023; 12:3637. [PMID: 37835290 PMCID: PMC10572620 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Two of the major postharvest diseases impacting grapefruit shelf life and marketability in the state of Florida (USA) are stem-end rot (SER) caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae and green mold (GM) caused by Penicillium digitatum. Here, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of vapors of thymol, a natural compound found in the essential oil of various plants and the primary constituent of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) oil, as a potential solution for the management of GM and SER. Thymol vapors at concentrations lower than 10 mg L-1 significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of both pathogens, causing severe ultrastructural damage to P. digitatum conidia. In in vivo trials, the incidence and lesion area of GM and SER on inoculated grapefruit were significantly reduced after a 5 d exposure to 50 mg L-1 thymol vapors. In addition, the in vitro and in vivo sporulation of P. digitatum was suppressed by thymol. When applied in its vapor phase, thymol had no negative effect on the fruit, neither introducing perceivable off-flavor nor causing additional weight loss. Our findings support the pursuit of further studies on the use of thymol, recognized as safe for human health and the environment, as a promising strategy for grapefruit postharvest disease management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela M. Olmedo
- Horticultural Research Laboratory (USDA-ARS), 2001 S. Rock Rd, Ft. Pierce, FL 34945, USA; (G.M.O.); (W.Z.); (M.M.); (E.N.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Jiuxu Zhang
- Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 2199 S. Rock Rd, Ft. Pierce, FL 34945, USA; (J.Z.); (M.R.)
| | - Wei Zhao
- Horticultural Research Laboratory (USDA-ARS), 2001 S. Rock Rd, Ft. Pierce, FL 34945, USA; (G.M.O.); (W.Z.); (M.M.); (E.N.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Matthew Mattia
- Horticultural Research Laboratory (USDA-ARS), 2001 S. Rock Rd, Ft. Pierce, FL 34945, USA; (G.M.O.); (W.Z.); (M.M.); (E.N.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Erin N. Rosskopf
- Horticultural Research Laboratory (USDA-ARS), 2001 S. Rock Rd, Ft. Pierce, FL 34945, USA; (G.M.O.); (W.Z.); (M.M.); (E.N.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Mark Ritenour
- Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 2199 S. Rock Rd, Ft. Pierce, FL 34945, USA; (J.Z.); (M.R.)
| | - Anne Plotto
- Horticultural Research Laboratory (USDA-ARS), 2001 S. Rock Rd, Ft. Pierce, FL 34945, USA; (G.M.O.); (W.Z.); (M.M.); (E.N.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Jinhe Bai
- Horticultural Research Laboratory (USDA-ARS), 2001 S. Rock Rd, Ft. Pierce, FL 34945, USA; (G.M.O.); (W.Z.); (M.M.); (E.N.R.); (A.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Boudechicha A, Aouf A, Farouk A, Ali HS, Elkhadragy MF, Yehia HM, Badr AN. Microfluidizing Technique Application for Algerian Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf Effects Enhanced Volatile Content, Antimicrobial, and Anti-Mycotoxigenic Properties. Molecules 2023; 28:5367. [PMID: 37513240 PMCID: PMC10384219 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plant extracts are a promising source of bioactive minor contents. The present study aimed to evaluate the distinguished volatile content of Algerian Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf before and after the microfluidization process and their related antimicrobial and anti-mycotoxigenic impacts and changes. The GC-MS apparatus was utilized for a comparative examination of Algerian lemongrass essential oil (LGEO) with its microfluidization nanoemulsion (MF-LGEO) volatile content. The MF-LGEO was characterized using Zetasizer and an electron microscope. Cytotoxicity, antibacterial, and antifungal activities were determined for the LGEO and MF-LGEO. The result reflected changes in the content of volatiles for the MF-LGEO. The microfluidizing process enhanced the presence of compounds known for their exceptional antifungal and antibacterial properties in MF-LGEO, namely, neral, geranial, and carvacrol. However, certain terpenes, such as camphor and citronellal, were absent, while decanal, not found in the raw LGEO, was detected. The droplet diameter was 20.76 ± 0.36 nm, and the polydispersity index (PDI) was 0.179 ± 0.03. In cytotoxicity studies, LGEO showed higher activity against the HepG2 cell line than MF-LGEO. Antibacterial LGEO activity against Gram-positive bacteria recorded an inhibitory zone from 41.82 ± 2.84 mm to 58.74 ± 2.64 mm, while the zone ranged from 12.71 ± 1.38 mm to 16.54 ± 1.42 mm for Gram-negative bacteria. Antibacterial activity was enhanced to be up to 71.43 ± 2.54 nm and 31.54 ± 1.01 nm for MF-LGEO impact against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. The antifungal effect was considerable, particularly against Fusarium fungi. It reached 17.56 ± 1.01 mm and 13.04 ± 1.37 mm for LGEO and MF-LGEO application of a well-diffusion assay, respectively. The MF-LGEO was more promising in reducing mycotoxin production in simulated fungal growth media due to the changes linked to essential compounds content. The reduction ratio was 54.3% and 74.57% for total aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OCA) contents, respectively. These results reflect the microfluidizing improvement impact regarding the LGEO antibacterial, antifungal and anti-mycotoxigenic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amel Boudechicha
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Ferhat Abbas Setif1, Setif 19000, Algeria
| | - Abdelhakim Aouf
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Ferhat Abbas Setif1, Setif 19000, Algeria
| | - Amr Farouk
- Flavour and Aroma Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Hatem S Ali
- Food Technology Department, National Research Center, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Manal F Elkhadragy
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany M Yehia
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Home Economics, Helwan University, Helwan 11611, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Noah Badr
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cortes-Torres AG, López-Castillo GN, Marín-Torres JL, Portillo-Reyes R, Luna F, Baca BE, Sandoval-Ramírez J, Carrasco-Carballo A. Cymbopogon citratus Essential Oil: Extraction, GC-MS, Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant Activity, and In Silico Molecular Docking for Protein Targets Related to CNS. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:5164-5179. [PMID: 37367077 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45060328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed the chemical composition of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil from Puebla, México, assessed its antioxidant activity, and evaluated in silico protein-compound interactions related to central nervous system (CNS) physiology. GC-MS analysis identified myrcene (8.76%), Z-geranial (27.58%), and E-geranial (38.62%) as the main components, with 45 other compounds present, which depends on the region and growing conditions. DPPH and Folin-Ciocalteu assays using the leaves extract show a promising antioxidant effect (EC50 = 48.5 µL EO/mL), reducing reactive oxygen species. The bioinformatic tool SwissTargetPrediction (STP) shows 10 proteins as potential targets associated with CNS physiology. Moreover, protein-protein interaction diagrams suggest that muscarinic and dopamine receptors are related to each other through a third party. Molecular docking reveals that Z-geranial has higher binding energy than M1 commercial blocker and blocks M2, but not M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, whereas β-pinene and myrcene block M1, M2, and M4 receptors. These actions may positively affect cardiovascular activity, memory, Alzheimer's disease, and schizophrenia. This study highlights the significance of understanding natural product interactions with physiological systems to uncover potential therapeutic agents and advanced knowledge on their benefits for human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana G Cortes-Torres
- Laboratorio de Elucidación y Síntesis en Química Orgánica, ICUAP-BUAP, Puebla 72570, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Interacción Bacteria-Planta, ICCM-BUAP, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Guiee N López-Castillo
- Laboratorio de Elucidación y Síntesis en Química Orgánica, ICUAP-BUAP, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | | | | | - Felix Luna
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, FCQ-BUAP, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Beatriz E Baca
- Laboratorio de Interacción Bacteria-Planta, ICCM-BUAP, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Jesús Sandoval-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Modificación de Productos Naturales, FCQ-BUAP, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Alan Carrasco-Carballo
- Laboratorio de Elucidación y Síntesis en Química Orgánica, ICUAP-BUAP, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wasey F, Tantray S, Ahluwalia R, Khan MS. Comparative Evaluation of 0.25% Lemongrass Oil Mouthwash and 0.2% Chlorhexidine Mouthwash in Fixed Orthodontic Patients Suffering from Gingivitis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023; 24:396-402. [PMID: 37534506 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to compare the antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of 0.25% lemongrass oil mouthwash and 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment, who are suffering from gingivitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 60 patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment with mild-to-moderate gingivitis were selected for the study. The patients were randomly divided into three groups of twenty each, that is, group I: 0.25% lemongrass oil mouthwash (n = 20); group II: 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash (n = 20); and group III: oral prophylaxis (n = 20). Baseline gingival index (GI) and plaque index (PI) were accessed followed by oral prophylaxis was done and the PI score was set to zero for all the patients. Patients were asked to swish their mouth with their respective mouthwashes and brushing (twice daily), that is, morning and before bedtime for 21 days. The PI and GI scores were recorded for all three groups on the 14th and the 21st days. The post hoc Bonferroni test was used for multiple comparisons of mean differences among variables after the application of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test for comparison within the groups. RESULTS A lower PI and the GI were found in the lemongrass oil mouthwash group by the 14th and the 21st days, respectively, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) compared to the chlorhexidine mouthwash group. CONCLUSION The findings of the current study suggested that 0.25% lemongrass oil mouthwash has the potential to be used as a natural or herbal alternative to chlorhexidine mouthwash. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE It can be suggested that 0.25% lemongrass oil mouthwash may be a good herbal alternative to mouthwash containing 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Wasey
- Consultant Orthodontist, SmileOracles Multispeciality Dental Clinic, Greater Kailash, New Delhi, India, Phone: +91 7503790982, e-mail:
| | - Shoborose Tantray
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Santosh Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajiv Ahluwalia
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Santosh Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Shakir Khan
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathologist and Microbiologist, Dua Multispeciality Dental Clinic and Medical Centre, Seelampur, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Paichitrojjana A, Chalermchai T. Comparison of in vitro Killing Effect of Thai Herbal Essential Oils, Tea Tree Oil, and Metronidazole 0.75% versus Ivermectin 1% on Demodex folliculorum. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:1279-1286. [PMID: 37228784 PMCID: PMC10202699 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s414737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Background Abnormal proliferation of Demodex mites causes a skin disorder called demodicosis and has been linked to rosacea. The development of alternative therapy against Demodex mites is currently required. The ability to kill Demodex mites of Thai herbal essential oils has never been explored. This study aimed to study and compare the in vitro killing effect of Thai herbal essential oils, tea tree oil, and metronidazole 0.75% with ivermectin 1% on D. folliculorum. Materials and Methods D. folliculorum mites were collected from the wastes of diagnostic standardized skin surface biopsy samples of demodicosis and rosacea patients for the trial. The microscopic evaluation started immediately after the mites were exposed to immersion oil (negative control), Thai herbal essential oils, tea tree oil, metronidazole 0.75%, and ivermectin 1% (positive control). The survival times of ten mites from each test agent were compared. Results The efficacy of Thai herbal essential oils and other test agents can be arranged in order as follows: lemongrass oil > sweet basil oil > clove oil > tea tree oil > lesser galangal oil > ginger oil, kaffir lime oil, peppermint oil > citronella oil > galangal oil > cajeput oil > ivermectin 1% > metronidazole 0.75%. Conclusion This current study demonstrated the in vitro killing efficacy on D. folliculorum: Thai herbal essential oils, Tea tree oil > ivermectin 1% > metronidazole 0.75%. Thai herbal essential oils have the potential to be an adjuvant or alternative therapy against Demodex mites. Further in vivo studies are necessary to determine the treatment efficacy and side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anon Paichitrojjana
- School of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thep Chalermchai
- School of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Erceg T, Šovljanski O, Stupar A, Ugarković J, Aćimović M, Pezo L, Tomić A, Todosijević M. A comprehensive approach to chitosan-gelatine edible coating with β-cyclodextrin/lemongrass essential oil inclusion complex - Characterization and food application. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 228:400-410. [PMID: 36572079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Biopolymer-based films present an ideal matrix for the incorporation of active substances such as antimicrobial agents, giving active packaging a framework of green chemistry and a step forward in food packaging technology. The chitosan-gelatine active coating has been prepared using lemongrass oil as an antimicrobial compound applying a different approach. Instead of surfactants, to achieve compatibilization of compounds, β-cyclodextrin was used to encapsulate lemongrass oil. The antimicrobial effect was assessed using the dip-coating method on freshly harvested cherry tomatoes artificially contaminated by Penicillium aurantiogriseum during 20 days of cold storage. According to the evaluation of the antimicrobial effect of coating formulation on cherry tomato samples, which was mathematically assessed by predictive kinetic models and digital imaging, the applied coating formulation was found to be very effective since the development of fungal contamination for active-coated samples was observed for 20 days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Erceg
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Olja Šovljanski
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Alena Stupar
- University of Novi Sad, Institute of Food Technology, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jovana Ugarković
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Milica Aćimović
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops Novi Sad, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Lato Pezo
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Tomić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Marina Todosijević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Computational docking investigation of phytocompounds from bergamot essential oil against Serratia marcescens protease and FabI: Alternative pharmacological strategy. Comput Biol Chem 2023; 104:107829. [PMID: 36842391 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2023.107829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens adds urgency to search for novel and safe drugs having promising action on new and re-emerging infectious pathogens. Serratia marcescens is an MDR pathogen that causes several-healthcare associated infections. Curbing bacterial virulence, rather than inhibiting its growth, is a promising strategy to diminish the pathogenesis of infectious bacteria, reduce the development of antimicrobial resistance, and boost the host immune power to eradicate infections. Bergamot essential oil (BEO) is a remarkable source of promising therapeutics against pathogens. Therefore, the present investigation aimed to analyze the major phytocompounds from BEO against S. marcescens virulent proteins using in silico studies. The analysis of BEO phytocompounds was achieved by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. The molecular docking was carried out using the SP and XP docking protocol of the Glide program. The drug-likeness and pharmacokinetics properties (ADMET properties) were analyzed with SwissADME and pkCSM server. The results revealed that the major compounds present in BEO are Linalool (8.17%), D-Limonene (21.26%), and Linalyl acetate (26.91%). Molecular docking analysis revealed that these compounds docked strongly within the binding cavities of Serratia protease and FabI model which in turn curb the pathogenesis of this bacteria. Linalool interacted with the Serratia protease and FabI with a binding energy of - 3.130 kcal/mol and - 3.939 kcal/mol, respectively. Based on the pharmacokinetics findings all lead BEO phytocompounds appear to be promising drug candidates. Overall, these results represent a significant step in the development of plant-based compounds as a promising inhibitor of the virulent proteins of the MDR S. marcescens.
Collapse
|
24
|
Revealing the Protective Effect of Topically Applied Cymbopogon citratus Essential Oil in Human Skin through A Contact Model. COSMETICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics10010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Preparations of the Cymbopogon citratus leaves are used in folk medicine for the treatment of inflammatory processes. The present study investigated the proposed anti-inflammatory properties of C. citratus essential oil (EOCC) in human skin in vivo using the methylnicotinate (MN) microinflammation skin model. Skin exposure to MN causes a disturbance that triggers the production of reactive oxygen species and evokes a short duration microinflammatory reaction that might be explored to meet this objective. Fourteen participants of both sexes were selected after providing informed consent. Three areas (3 cm × 3 cm) were drawn on both forearms. One randomly chosen area was treated for 14 days, twice a day, with a polyacrylic acid gel containing 5% EOCC. Remaining areas were used as controls. Results revealed a clear protective effect at the EOCC-treated site. The MN reaction showed significantly lower transepidermal water loss, blood perfusion, erythema, and edema when compared with the other areas. Furthermore, the methodology here proposed is an innovative approach to study the clinical impact of these substances on human skin, contributing to an evidence-based support regarding the interest of using these products in human health.
Collapse
|
25
|
Development and Optimization of Erythromycin Loaded Transethosomes Cinnamon Oil Based Emulgel for Antimicrobial Efficiency. Gels 2023; 9:gels9020137. [PMID: 36826307 PMCID: PMC9956959 DOI: 10.3390/gels9020137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythromycin (EM) is a macrolide antibiotic that is frequently used to treat skin bacterial infections. It has a short half-life (1-1.5 h), instability in stomach pH, and a low oral bioavailability. These foregoing factors limit its oral application; therefore, the development of topical formulations loaded with erythromycin is an essential point to maximize the drug's concentration at the skin. Accordingly, the current study's goal was to boost the antimicrobial activity of EM by utilizing the advantages of natural oils such as cinnamon oil. Erythromycin-loaded transethosomes (EM-TE) were generated and optimized using a Box-Behnken design employing, phospholipid concentration (A), surfactant concentration (B), and ethanol content (C) as independent variables. Their effects on entrapment efficiency, EE, (Y1) and the total amount of erythromycin that penetrated the skin after 6 h, Q6h (Y2), were assessed. The optimized transethosome showed a particle size of 256.2 nm, EE of 67.96 ± 0.59%, and Q6h of 665.96 ± 5.87 (µg/cm2) after 6 h. The TEM analysis revealed that, the vesicles are well-known packed structures with a spherical shape. The optimized transethosomes formulation was further transformed into a cinnamon oil-based emulgel system using HPMC as a gelling agent. The generated EM-TE-emulgel was characterized by its physical features, in vitro, ex vivo studies, and antimicrobial activities. The formulation showed sufficient characteristics for effective topical application, and demonstrated a great stability. Additionally, EM-TE-Emulgel had the highest transdermal flux (120.19 μg/cm2·h), and showed considerably (p < 0.05) greater antimicrobial activity, than EM-TE-gel and placebo TE-Emulgel. The action of EM was subsequently augmented with cinnamon oil, which eventually showed a notable effect against bacterial growth. Finally, these results demonstrate that the transethosomes-loaded cinnamon oil-based emulgel is an alternative way to deliver erythromycin for the treatment of topical bacterial infections.
Collapse
|
26
|
Dangol S, Poudel DK, Ojha PK, Maharjan S, Poudel A, Satyal R, Rokaya A, Timsina S, Dosoky NS, Satyal P, Setzer WN. Essential Oil Composition Analysis of Cymbopogon Species from Eastern Nepal by GC-MS and Chiral GC-MS, and Antimicrobial Activity of Some Major Compounds. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020543. [PMID: 36677603 PMCID: PMC9863348 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cymbopogon species essential oil (EO) carries significant importance in pharmaceuticals, aromatherapy, food, etc. The chemical compositions of Cymbopogon spp. Viz. Cymbopogon winterianus (citronella) Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass), and Cymbopogon martini (palmarosa) were analyzed by gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC-MS), enantiomeric distribution by chiral GC-MS, and antimicrobial activities of some selected pure major compound and root and leaves EOs of citronella. The EO of leaves of Cymbopogon spp. showed comparatively higher yield than roots or other parts. Contrary to citral (neral and geranial) being a predominant compound of Cymbopogon spp., α-elemol (53.1%), α-elemol (29.5%), geraniol (37.1%), and citral (90.4%) were detected as major compounds of the root, root hair with stalk, leaf, and root stalk with shoot of citronella EO, respectively. Palmarosa leaves’ EO contains neral (36.1%) and geranial (53.1) as the major compounds. In the roots of palmarosa EO, the prime components were α-elemol (31.5%), geranial (25.0%), and neral (16.6%). Similarly, lemongrass leaves’ EO contains geraniol (76.6%) and geranyl acetate (15.2%) as major compounds, while the root EO contains a higher amount of geraniol (87.9%) and lower amount of geranyl acetate (4.4%). This study reports for the first time chiral terpenoids from Cymbopogon spp. EOs. Chiral GC-MS gave specific enantiomeric distributions of nine, six, and five chiral terpenoids in the root, root stalk with a shoot, and leaves of citronella EOs, respectively. Likewise, four and three chiral terpenoids in the root and leaves of lemongrass oil followed by two chiral terpenoids in the leaves and root of palmarosa EOs each. Additionally, the root and leaves’ EOs of citronella exhibit noticeable activity on bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus pyogenes and fungus such as Candida albicans, Microsporum canis, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. So, geranial-, neral-, geraniol-, and citronellal-rich EOs can be used as an alternative antimicrobial agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabita Dangol
- Analytica Research Center, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 446088, Nepal
| | | | | | - Salina Maharjan
- Analytica Research Center, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 446088, Nepal
| | - Ambika Poudel
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 102, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
| | - Rakesh Satyal
- Analytica Research Center, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 446088, Nepal
| | - Anil Rokaya
- Analytica Research Center, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 446088, Nepal
| | - Sujan Timsina
- Analytica Research Center, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 446088, Nepal
| | - Noura S. Dosoky
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 102, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
| | - Prabodh Satyal
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 102, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
- Correspondence: author:
| | - William N. Setzer
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 102, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Salaria D, Rolta R, Sharma N, Patel CN, Ghosh A, Dev K, Sourirajan A, Kumar V. In vitro and in silico antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. of North-Western Himalaya. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:14131-14145. [PMID: 34787050 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2001371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf is an aromatic perennial herb of Gramineae (Poaceae) family and is known for its application in food and healthcare industry. The present study aimed to evaluate anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of C. citratus essential oil (CEO) through in vitro and in silico studies. Chemical characterization of CEO was done using Gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) method. In vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, while egg albumin denaturation method was used to evaluate in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of CEO. Molecular docking investigation of major phytocompounds of CEO was done using Autodock vina software against human peroxiredoxin 5 (PDB ID: 1HD2) and human cyclooxygenase 2 (PDB ID: 5IKQ) proteins, which were further analyzed through molecular dynamics (MD) simulation using YASARA. GC-MS analysis of CEO showed the presence of geranial (48%) neral (34.04%), β-myrcene (9.77%), geraniol (1.88%), linalool (0.84%), isogeranial (0.81%), β-caryophyllene (0.80%), D-limonene (0.51%) as major constituents. CEO showed significant antioxidant activity with DPPH (IC50-47.53 ± 2.16 µg/ml), FRAP (IC50-30.7 ± 0.31 µM), and ABTS assays (IC50-27.87 ± 0.09 µg/ml). CEO also exhibited significant in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity with IC50-29.71 ± 1.95 µg/ml as compared to that of Diclofenac sodium (IC50-36.52 ± 1.95 µg/ml). Molecular docking revealed that β-caryophyllene showed considerable binding potential with human peroxiredoxin 5 receptor (-6.0 kcal/mol) and human cyclooxygenase 2 receptor (-10.1 kcal/mol). Further, MD simulations demonstrated considerable and stable interactions of β-caryophyllene with 1HD2 and 5IKQ proteins up to 100 ns. Drug-likeness and ADME/T features also showed that β-caryophyllene can be used as a potential candidate to replace the synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs with side effects and also act as natural antioxidants.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Salaria
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, India
| | - Rajan Rolta
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, India
| | - Nitin Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Mohali, India
| | - Chirag N Patel
- Department of Botany, Bioinformatics and Climate Change Impacts Management, University School of Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Arabinda Ghosh
- Microbiology Division, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India
| | - Kamal Dev
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, India
| | - Anuradha Sourirajan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Acute and Subacute Toxicity Study of Essential Oil of Cymbopogon Martini in Mice. J Toxicol 2022; 2022:1995578. [PMID: 36573136 PMCID: PMC9789899 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1995578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Local Ethiopians regularly use Cymbopogon martini for cosmetic purposes. The plant's safety, however, is not supported by any solid facts. This investigation aimed to evaluate the acute and subacute toxicities of C. martini essential oil in mice. Methods The essential oil was analyzed using GC-MS. The approach outlined by Chinedu et al., 2013 has been used to calculate the median lethal dose. According to organization for economic cooperation and development (OECD) 407 standard, a 28-day repeated dose oral toxicity study was carried out on female mice. Three groups of ten experimental mice each were distributed at random. Group I received the same saline volume and was considered the control. Groups II and III were treated with doses of C. martini of 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg, respectively, of body weight. Hematological and biochemical markers were assessed. The liver and kidney were taken out after the sacrifice using sodium pentobarbital for pathological analysis. Results Geraniol (40.89%) was the predominant component in the essential oil composition of C. martini with cyclofenchene (13.91%), myrcene (9.34%), 2, 4, 6, octatriene, 2, 6, dimethyl (8.20%), and ocimene (5.93%) being present in small amounts. The LD50 of C. martini essential oil was discovered to be greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight. During a 4-week follow-up period, mice treated with C. martini, the essential oil, at doses of 500 mg/kg or 1000 mg/kg body weight showed no evidence of toxicity or mortality. Biochemical and hematological parameters were not significantly altered in mice treated with the essential oil of C. martini compared with the control group. Histopathological evaluation of the liver and kidney did not exhibit any adverse results. Conclusions The essential oil of C. martini from Ethiopia is considered relatively safe and nontoxic.
Collapse
|
29
|
Elian C, Andaloussi SA, Moilleron R, Decousser JW, Boyer C, Versace DL. Biobased polymer resources and essential oils: a green combination for antibacterial applications. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:9081-9124. [PMID: 36326108 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01544g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
To fight nosocomial infections, the excessive use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms, which are now considered a relevant public health threat by the World Health Organization. To date, most antibacterial systems are based on the use of petro-sourced polymers, but the global supplies of these resources are depleting. Besides, silver NPs are widely accepted as the most active biocide against a wide range of bacterial strains but their toxicity is an issue. The growing interest in natural products has gained increasing interest in the last decade. Therefore, the design of functional antibacterial materials derived from biomass remains a significant challenge for the scientific community. Consequently, attention has shifted to naturally occurring substances such as essential oils (EOs), which are classified as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS). EOs can offer an alternative to the common antimicrobial agents as an inner solution or biocide agent to inhibit the resistance mechanism. Herein, this review not only aims at providing developments in the antibacterial modes of action of EOs against various bacterial strains and the recent advances in genomic and proteomic techniques for the elucidation of these mechanisms but also presents examples of biobased polymer resource-based EO materials and their antibacterial activities. Especially, we describe the antibacterial properties of biobased polymers, e.g. cellulose, starch, chitosan, PLA PHAs and proteins, associated with EOs (cinnamon (CEO), clove (CLEO), bergamot (BEO), ginger (GEO), lemongrass (LEO), caraway (CAEO), rosemary (REO), Eucalyptus globulus (EGEO), tea tree (TTEO), orange peel (OPEO) and apricot (Prunus armeniaca) kernel (AKEO) essential oils). Finally, we discuss the influence of EOs on the mechanical strength of bio-based materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Elian
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE) - UMR7182-CNRS-UPEC, Department C3M, Team BioM&M's, 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France. .,Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Laboratoire Eau, Environnement, Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), UMR-MA 102, 61 avenue Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Samir Abbad Andaloussi
- Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Laboratoire Eau, Environnement, Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), UMR-MA 102, 61 avenue Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Régis Moilleron
- Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Laboratoire Eau, Environnement, Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), UMR-MA 102, 61 avenue Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Winoc Decousser
- Department of Bacteriology and Infection Control, University Hospital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France.,EA 7380 Dynamyc Université Paris - Est Créteil (UPEC), Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (EnvA), Faculté de Médecine de Créteil, Créteil, 1 rue Gustave Eiffel, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Australian Center for Nanomedicine (ACN), Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Davy-Louis Versace
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE) - UMR7182-CNRS-UPEC, Department C3M, Team BioM&M's, 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Oriola AO, Oyedeji AO. Essential Oils and Their Compounds as Potential Anti-Influenza Agents. Molecules 2022; 27:7797. [PMID: 36431899 PMCID: PMC9693178 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are chemical substances, mostly produced by aromatic plants in response to stress, that have a history of medicinal use for many diseases. In the last few decades, EOs have continued to gain more attention because of their proven therapeutic applications against the flu and other infectious diseases. Influenza (flu) is an infectious zoonotic disease that affects the lungs and their associated organs. It is a public health problem with a huge health burden, causing a seasonal outbreak every year. Occasionally, it comes as a disease pandemic with unprecedentedly high hospitalization and mortality. Currently, influenza is managed by vaccination and antiviral drugs such as Amantadine, Rimantadine, Oseltamivir, Peramivir, Zanamivir, and Baloxavir. However, the adverse side effects of these drugs, the rapid and unlimited variabilities of influenza viruses, and the emerging resistance of new virus strains to the currently used vaccines and drugs have necessitated the need to obtain more effective anti-influenza agents. In this review, essential oils are discussed in terms of their chemistry, ethnomedicinal values against flu-related illnesses, biological potential as anti-influenza agents, and mechanisms of action. In addition, the structure-activity relationships of lead anti-influenza EO compounds are also examined. This is all to identify leading agents that can be optimized as drug candidates for the management of influenza. Eucalyptol, germacrone, caryophyllene derivatives, eugenol, terpin-4-ol, bisabolene derivatives, and camphecene are among the promising EO compounds identified, based on their reported anti-influenza activities and plausible molecular actions, while nanotechnology may be a new strategy to achieve the efficient delivery of these therapeutically active EOs to the active virus site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji Oluwabunmi Oriola
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Nelson Mandela Drive, P/Bag X1, Mthatha 5117, South Africa
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cymbopogon citratus Essential Oil Increases the Effect of Digluconate Chlorhexidine on Microcosm Biofilms. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101067. [PMID: 36297124 PMCID: PMC9607486 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Cymbopogon citratus essential oil and its association with chlorhexidine on cariogenic microcosm biofilm composition and acidogenicity. Minimum inhibitory and bactericide concentrations from the essential oil and chlorhexidine were determined by broth microdilution assay. Microcosms (polymicrobial) biofilms were produced on glass coverslips, using inoculum from human saliva in McBain culture medium (0.5% sucrose exposure for 6 h/day) for 3 days in 24-well plates. The biofilms were treated twice a day and their composition was evaluated by microorganism quantification. The acidogenicity was evaluated by measuring the pH of the spent culture medium in contact with the biofilm. Overall, the association of C. citratus and chlorhexidine reduced total bacterial counts and aciduric bacteria (maximum reduction of 3.55 log UFC/mL) in microcosm biofilms. This group also presented the lowest acidogenicity even when exposed to sucrose-containing medium. C. citratus essential oil increases the effect of digluconate chlorhexidine on microcosm biofilms. Based on these findings, this study can contribute to the development of new formulations that might allow for the use of mouthwashes for a shorter period, which may reduce undesirable effects and increase patient compliance to the treatment.
Collapse
|
32
|
Jin C, Han H, Xie Y, Li B, Zhang Z, Zhang D. Toxicity, Behavioral Effects, and Chitin Structural Chemistry of Reticulitermes flaviceps Exposed to Cymbopogon citratus EO and Its Major Constituent Citral. INSECTS 2022; 13:812. [PMID: 36135514 PMCID: PMC9501940 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Botanical pesticides are considered the most promising alternative to synthetic pesticides, considering their less negative impacts on the environment and human health. Here, we analyzed the components of lemongrass Cymbopogon citratus essential oil (EO) and evaluated its vapor activity against Reticulitermes flaviceps, in terms of the walking and gripping abilities of workers. In addition, the effects of lemongrass EO and its major component on the cuticular content and structure of chitin in termites were also observed. Our results indicate that cis-citral (36.51%) was the main constituent of lemongrass. In the vapor toxicity assay, the LC50 values of lemongrass EO and citral were 0.328 and 0.177 μL/L, respectively. When worker antennae were treated with lemongrass EO and citral, their walking and gripping capabilities were significantly inhibited. In addition, the cuticular content, thermal stability, and crystallinity of chitin in the termites were decreased after treatment with citral. Collectively, this study provides a basis for developing and utilizing lemongrass and citral as a new environment-friendly insecticide resource to control R. flaviceps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhe Jin
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Hui Han
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yongjian Xie
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Baoling Li
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhilin Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China
| | - Dayu Zhang
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tibenda JJ, Yi Q, Wang X, Zhao Q. Review of phytomedicine, phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, toxicology, and pharmacological activities of Cymbopogon genus. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:997918. [PMID: 36105217 PMCID: PMC9465289 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.997918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cymbopogon genus belongs to the Andropoganeae family of the family Poaceae, which is famous for its high essential oil concentration. Cymbopogon possesses a diverse set of characteristics that supports its applications in cosmetic, pharmaceuticals and phytotherapy. The purpose of this review is to summarize and connect the evidence supporting the use of phytotherapy, phytomedicine, phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, toxicology, pharmacological activities, and quality control of the Cymbopogon species and their extracts. To ensure the successful completion of this review, data and studies relating to this review were strategically searched and obtained from scientific databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, and Elsevier. Approximately 120 acceptable reviews, original research articles, and other observational studies were included and incorporated for further analysis. Studies showed that the genus Cymbopogon mainly contained flavonoids and phenolic compounds, which were the pivotal pharmacological active ingredients. When combined with the complex β-cyclodextrin, phytochemicals such as citronellal have been shown to have their own mechanism of action in inhibiting the descending pain pathway. Another mechanism of action described in this review is that of geraniol and citral phytochemicals, which have rose and lemon-like scents and can be exploited in soaps, detergents, mouthwash, cosmetics, and other products. Many other pharmacological effects, such as anti-protozoal, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer have been discussed sequentially, along with how and which phytochemicals are responsible for the observed effect. Cymbopogon species have proven to be extremely valuable, with many applications. Its phytotherapy is proven to be due to its rich phytochemicals, obtained from different parts of the plant like leaves, roots, aerial parts, rhizomes, and even its essential oils. For herbs of Cymbopogon genus as a characteristic plant therapy, significant research is required to ensure their efficacy and safety for a variety of ailments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonnea Japhet Tibenda
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qiong Yi
- Meishan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Meishan, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Research Institute of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qipeng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pelvan E, Karaoğlu Ö, Önder Fırat E, Betül Kalyon K, Ros E, Alasalvar C. Immunomodulatory effects of selected medicinal herbs and their essential oils: A comprehensive review. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
35
|
Arunsi UO, Chioma OE, Etusim PE, Owumi SE. Indigenous Nigeria medicinal herbal remedies: A potential source for therapeutic against rheumatoid arthritis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:1148-1178. [PMID: 35708153 PMCID: PMC9335509 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221102901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating disease associated with locomotion impairment, and conventional therapeutic drugs are not optimal for managing RA. There is an avalanche of medications used for the management of RA. Still, studies have shown that they are associated with severe side effects, including hepatotoxicity, retinopathy, and cardiotoxicity disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), skin, blood, and infections. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is currently gaining attention as a novel panacea for managing debilitating diseases, such as RA. Nigerian folk herbal remedies are replete with a plethora of curative medicine, albeit unvalidated scientifically but with seemingly miraculous provenance. Studies of the identification of bioactive compounds present in these botanicals using advanced spectral analytical techniques have enhanced our understanding of the role of Nigerian herbal remedies in the treatment and management of RA. Interestingly, experimental studies abound that the bioactive compounds present in the extracts of plant botanicals protected animals from the development of RA in different experimental models and reduced the toxicity associated with conventional therapeutics. Validated mechanisms of RA amelioration in human and animal models include suppression of the expression of NF-κB, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, IL-23, chemokines, TGF-β, RANKL, RANK, iNOS, arginase, COX-2, VEGFA, VEGFR, NFATC1, and TRAP in the synoviocytes. Decreased ROS, NO, MDA, carbonyl groups, and PGE2 in the synovial fluid increased the expression of PPARα/γ; antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecules also improve RA etiology. In this mini-review, we discuss the global burden of RA, the novel role of plant-based botanicals as potential therapeutics against signaling pathways in RA. Also addressed is the possible repurposing/reprofiling of plant botanicals to increase their therapeutic index among RA patients that patronize traditional healers in Nigeria with a global projection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uche O Arunsi
- Cancer Immunology and Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological and Physical Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu, 440001, Nigeria
| | - Ogbuka E Chioma
- Department of Social and Environmental Forestry, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria
| | - Paschal E Etusim
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological and Physical Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu 200, Nigeria
| | - Solomon E Owumi
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria,Solomon Owumi.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Amaliya A, Budhirahardjo I, Hendiani I. Histological Examination of Lemongrass Resorbable Dressing on Gingival Healing after Gingivectomy in Rats. Eur J Dent 2022. [PMID: 35760358 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1748197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present work aimed to evaluate the effect of lemongrass extract incorporated in a resorbable periodontal dressing on gingival wound healing microscopically, following gingivectomy in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. Gingivectomy was performed on anterior area of lower jaw in the labial surface of central incisive and, subsequently, wound areas were covered with povidone iodine gel (group P, positive control, n = 10), lemongrass resorbable dressing (group L, n = 10), and a cellulose-based dressing containing myrrh (group M, positive control, n = 10). Histological changes were monitored in days 4, 7, and 14 postsurgery to evaluate fibroblast and collagen deposition as repair stage of healing process. STATISTYCAL ANALYSIS One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post hoc for multiple comparisons were employed to measure differences between pairs of means, p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS We observed significant difference repair parameters of the healing process between surgical sites treated with lemongrass periodontal dressing and control groups. Wounds treated with lemongrass dressing had greater fibroblast compared with control groups in 4 and 7 days after surgery (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION The results suggest positive potential therapeutic effects for this new formulation of periodontal dressing on acceleration of surgical wound healing that lead to improvement of periodontal treatment consequences following gingivectomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amaliya Amaliya
- Departement of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Indri Budhirahardjo
- Periodontal Clinic, Indonesian Naval Dental Institute Raden Eddy Martadinata, Central Jakarta
| | - Ina Hendiani
- Departement of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nanomedicine as an Emerging Technology to Foster Application of Essential Oils to Fight Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070793. [PMID: 35890092 PMCID: PMC9320655 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural prodrugs extracted from plants are increasingly used in many sectors, including the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Among these prodrugs, essential oils (EOs) are of particular importance. These biologically active volatile oily liquids are produced by medicinal and aromatic plants and characterized by a distinctive odor. EOs possess high anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant potential but often are associated with low stability; high volatility; and a high risk of deterioration with exposure to heat, humidity, light, or oxygen. Furthermore, their bioavailability is limited because they are not soluble in water, and enhancements are needed to increase their potential to target specific cells or tissues, as well as for controlled release. Nanomedicine, the application of nanotechnology in medicine, may offer efficient solutions to these problems. The technology is based on creating nanostructures in which the natural prodrug is connected to or encapsulated in nanoparticles or submicron-sized capsules that ensure their solubility in water and their targeting properties, as well as controlled delivery. The potential of EOs as anticancer prodrugs is considerable but not fully exploited. This review focusses on the recent progress towards the practical application of EOs in cancer therapy based on nanotechnology applications.
Collapse
|
38
|
Controlled Release of Volatile Antimicrobial Compounds from Mesoporous Silica Nanocarriers for Active Food Packaging Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137032. [PMID: 35806038 PMCID: PMC9266657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils and their active components have been extensively reported in the literature for their efficient antimicrobial, antioxidant and antifungal properties. However, the sensitivity of these volatile compounds towards heat, oxygen and light limits their usage in real food packaging applications. The encapsulation of these compounds into inorganic nanocarriers, such as nanoclays, has been shown to prolong the release and protect the compounds from harsh processing conditions. Nevertheless, these systems have limited shelf stability, and the release is of limited control. Thus, this study presents a mesoporous silica nanocarrier with a high surface area and well-ordered protective pore structure for loading large amounts of natural active compounds (up to 500 mg/g). The presented loaded nanocarriers are shelf-stable with a very slow initial release which levels out at 50% retention of the encapsulated compounds after 2 months. By the addition of simulated drip-loss from chicken, the release of the compounds is activated and gives an antimicrobial effect, which is demonstrated on the foodborne spoilage bacteria Brochothrixthermosphacta and the potentially pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli. When the release of the active compounds is activated, a ≥4-log reduction in the growth of B. thermosphacta and a 2-log reduction of E. coli is obtained, after only one hour of incubation. During the same one-hour incubation period the dry nanocarriers gave a negligible inhibitory effect. By using the proposed nanocarrier system, which is activated by the food product itself, increased availability of the natural antimicrobial compounds is expected, with a subsequent controlled antimicrobial effect.
Collapse
|
39
|
Antifungal, Antioxidant and Antibiofilm Activities of Essential Oils of Cymbopogon spp. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060829. [PMID: 35740234 PMCID: PMC9220269 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) of Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon proximus are known as sources of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenoids, although their biological activities have not been well investigated. In this study, the compositions of C. citratus and C. proximus EOs of Egyptian origin and their antifungal and antibiofilm properties against Candida spp. and Malassezia furfur were investigated. Antioxidant activities were also evaluated. GC-MS showed the presence of nine and eight constituents in C. citratus and C. proximus EOs, respectively, with geranial and neral as the major compounds of C. citratus EO and piperitone and α-terpinolene as the major compounds of C. proximus EO. Both EOs showed antifungal (MIC values ranging from 1.25 to 20 µL/ mL) and antibiofilm activities (% of reduction ranging from 27.65 ± 11.7 to 96.39 ± 2.8) against all yeast species. The antifungal and antibiofilm activities of C. citratus EO were significantly higher than those observed for C. proximus EO. M. furfur was more susceptible to both EOs than Candida spp. Both EOs exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. This study suggests that C. citratus and C. proximus EOs might be an excellent source of antifungal, antibiofilm and antioxidant drugs and might be useful for preventing Malassezia infections in both medical and veterinary medicine.
Collapse
|
40
|
Antioxidant, Hypoglycemic and Molecular Docking Studies of Methanolic Extract, Fractions and Isolated Compounds from Aerial Parts of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092858. [PMID: 35566208 PMCID: PMC9104508 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, Cymbopogon citratus is used to treat a variety of ailments, including cough, indigestion, fever, and diabetes. The previous chemical and bioactive research on C. citratus mainly focused on its volatile oil. In this study, 20 non-volatile known compounds were isolated from the dried aerial part of C. citratus, and their structures were elucidated by MS, NMR spectroscopy, and comparison with the published spectroscopic data. Among them, 16 compounds were reported for the first time from this plant. The screening results for antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities indicated that compounds caffeic acid (5), 1-O-p-coumaroyl-3-O-caffeoylglycerol (8), 1,3-O-dicaffeoylglycerol (9) and luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (12) had potent antioxidant capacities, with IC50 values from 7.28 to 14.81 μM, 1.70 to 2.15 mol Trolox/mol and 1.31 to 2.42 mol Trolox/mol for DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP, respectively. Meanwhile, compounds 8 and 9 also exhibited significant inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase, with IC50 values of 11.45 ± 1.82 μM and 5.46 ± 0.25 μM, respectively, which were reported for the first time for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The molecular docking result provided a molecular comprehension of the interaction between compounds (8 and 9) and α-glucosidase. The significant antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of compounds 8 and 9 suggested that they could be developed into antidiabetic drugs because of their potential regulatory roles on oxidative stress and digestive enzyme.
Collapse
|
41
|
The Inhibitory Activity of Citral against Malassezia furfur. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10050802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipophilic yeast Malassezia furfur, is a member of the cutaneous commensal microbiota and is associated with several chronic diseases such as dandruff, pityriasis versicolor, folliculitis, and seborrheic dermatitis, that are often difficult to treat with current therapies. The development of alternatively effective antifungal therapies is therefore of paramount importance. In this study, we investigated the treatment effect of citral on M. furfur. The minimal inhibitory concentration of citral for M. furfur was 200 μg/mL, and the minimal fungicidal concentration was 300 μg/mL. Citral significantly increased the proportion of yeast cells to mycelial forms 2.6-fold. Phosphatidylserine externalization, DNA fragmentation, and metacaspase activation supported a citral-induced apoptosis in M. furfur. Moreover, citral at sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations reduced the invasion of M. furfur in HaCaT keratinocytes. Finally, we demonstrated that citral inhibited IL-6 and TLR-2 expression and enhanced HBD-2 and TSLP expression in M. furfur-infected HaCaT keratinocytes. These results showed that citral has antifungal activity at high concentrations and can decrease the infection of M. furfur by modulating the keratinocyte immune responses at low concentrations. Our results suggest that citral is a potential candidate for topical therapeutic application for M. furfur-associated human skin diseases.
Collapse
|
42
|
Lemongrass Growth, Essential Oil, and Active Substances as Affected by Water Deficit. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8030250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stress has a major influence on the growth and quality of medicinal plants. More than half of the agricultural land worldwide suffers from a lack of water. In this study, we estimated the effect of different irrigation intervals on growth, yield, and essential oil content as well as their effect on the main compounds of the essential oil of lemongrass, Cymbopogon citratus. The major objective was to test how much irrigation consumption can be lowered without a significant impact on yield and quality properties. Water deficit led to significant decreases in growth characteristics including the number of tillers as well as fresh and dry herb yield. In addition, the relative leaf greenness decreased under water deficit, especially in plants irrigated every 20 days. In contrast, proline content increased with increasing water deficit, especially in plants irrigated every 15 and 20 days. Essential oil percentage also increased under a water deficit condition, and the highest essential oil percentage was observed in plants irrigated every 15 and 20 days. However, the yield of essential oil per plant significantly decreased due to decreasing the herb yield. GC-MS analysis identified 31 compounds, mainly geranial and neral. Geranial and neral percentage decreased under a water deficit of 10-day irrigation intervals but increased with increasing the water deficit severity at irrigation intervals of 15 and 20 days. These results suggest that the lemongrass plant was sensitive to drought. Nevertheless, the quality represented by essential oil percentage and the main active substances improved with prolonging the irrigation intervals. This study recommends increasing irrigation intervals to 10 days to maintain small decreases in the yield with higher quality. In addition, it is recommended to conduct more studies to improve the growth of lemongrass under water shortage conditions.
Collapse
|
43
|
Agnish S, Sharma AD, Kaur I. Nanoemulsions (O/W) containing Cymbopogon pendulus essential oil: development, characterization, stability study, and evaluation of in vitro anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic activities. BIONANOSCIENCE 2022; 12:540-554. [PMID: 35251888 PMCID: PMC8889062 DOI: 10.1007/s12668-022-00964-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Essential oil from Cymbopogon pendulus is immensely useful in various sectors like food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Since this oil is hydrophobic, unstable, and volatile, hence encapsulation by using nanoemulsions technology is the best way to protect it. This study reports biosynthesis of O/W (oil/water) nanoemulsions based on essential oil from Cymbopogon pendulus and analysis of its biological activities. O/W nanoemulsions were prepared by using tween 20/80, sodium dodecyl sulphate as surfactants, and ethanol as co-surfactants. Fingerprinting of nanoemulsions using UV, fluorescent, and FT-IR was studied along with other parameters like pH and conductivity. Biological activities like antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic activities and drug release pharmokinetics were evaluated. Ethanol containing nanoemulsions was noticeably smaller than other nanoemulsions. Encapsulation efficiency of nanoemulsions was in the range from 41 to 60%. Nanoemulsions were spherical in shape and stable even after 50 days of storage. Appreciable biological activities like anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic activities were detected. Drug kinetic study revealed that nanoemulsions exhibited Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Based on this, the possible role of lemon grass oil-based nanoemulsions in cosmetic, food, and pharma sectors has been discussed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12668-022-00964-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Agnish
- PG Dept. of Biotechnology, Lyallpur Khalsa College, Jalandhar, Punjab India
| | - Arun Dev Sharma
- PG Dept. of Biotechnology, Lyallpur Khalsa College, Jalandhar, Punjab India
| | - Inderjeet Kaur
- PG Dept. of Biotechnology, Lyallpur Khalsa College, Jalandhar, Punjab India
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Immobilization Techniques on Bioprocesses: Current Applications Regarding Enzymes, Microorganisms, and Essential Oils. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02780-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
45
|
Sharma AD, Kaur I. Essential oil from Cymbopogon citratus exhibits "anti-aspergillosis" potential: in-silico molecular docking and in vitro studies. BULLETIN OF THE NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE 2022; 46:23. [PMID: 35125860 PMCID: PMC8800409 DOI: 10.1186/s42269-022-00711-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspergillosis, has recently confounded some states of India. Due to major role in fungal cell wall synthesis, in the present study UDP-glycosyltransferase, Glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase and chitin synthase were chosen as an appropriate sites to design drug. The objective of present study was molecular docking of lemon grass essential oil component citral and in vitro validation. GC-FID analysis was used to find out aromatic profile. For docking, Patch-dock analysis was used. Ligand Protein 2D and 3D Interactions were also studied. Drug likeliness, and toxicity profile were also studied. Docking analysis indicated effective binding of citral to UDP-glycosyltransferase, Glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase and chitin synthase. In vitro validation was performed by fungal strain Aspergillus fumigatum. RESULTS GC-FID profiling revealed the presence of citral as major bioactive compound. Interactions results indicated that, UDP-glycosyltransferase, Glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase and chitin synthase enzymes and citral complexes forms hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions. Citral also depicted drug likeliness by LIPINSKY rule, sufficient level of bioactivity, drug likeliness and toxicity. CONCLUSION In vitro results revealed that lemon grass oil was able to inhibit growth of fungal strains toxicity thus signifying its role as potent anti-fungal drug. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s42269-022-00711-5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Dev Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Lyallpur Khalsa College Jalandhar, Jalandhar, India
| | - Inderjeet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Lyallpur Khalsa College Jalandhar, Jalandhar, India
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
PAIVA LUIZFRANCISLEYDE, TEIXEIRA-LOYOLA ANABEATRIZA, SCHNAIDER TAYLORB, SOUZA ANGÉLICACRISTINADE, LIMA LIDIANYMZACARONI, DIAS DISNEYR. Association of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf with nystatin against oral cavity yeasts. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20200681. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220200681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
47
|
Jabeen R, Iqbal A, Deeba F, Zulfiqar F, Mustafa G, Nawaz H, Habiba U, Nafees M, Zaid A, Siddique KHM. Isolation and characterization of peroxidase P7-like gene and Rab-GDI like gene from potential medicinal plants: A step toward understanding cell defense signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:975852. [PMID: 36119597 PMCID: PMC9478186 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.975852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Defensin genes form part of a plant's defense system and are activated when exposed to biotic or abiotic stress. They play a vital role in controlling many signaling pathways involved in various plant defense mechanisms. This research aimed to isolate and characterize novel defensin genes from selected medicinally important plants to explore their signaling mechanisms and defense associated roles for breeding. The DNA of Albizia lebbeck and Moringa oleifera was subjected to PCR amplification using gene-specific primers of defensin genes. Two novel defensin genes were isolated in each species, with sequence lengths of 300 bp in A. lebbeck and 150 bp in M. oleifera. In-silico analysis undertaken to retrieve and align their orthologous sequences revealed 100% similarity of the A. lebbeck gene with the Musa acuminate peroxidase P7-like gene and 85% similarity of the M. oleifera gene with the Manihot esculenta GDP dissociation inhibitor gene. The reliability, stability and physiochemical properties of homology models of these sequences was confirmed through online computational studies. This preliminary study confirmed the presence of novel genes with peroxidase P7 and Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor gene-like activity in A. lebbeck and M. oleifera, respectively, and their potential defense role in plants. Thus, the defensin genes of both species could be used in the synthesis of transgenic self-defensive plants with increased disease resistance and as potential candidates for improved crop production and thraputic formulation in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raheela Jabeen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Women University Multan, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Raheela Jabeen,
| | - Atia Iqbal
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Women University Multan, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Farah Deeba
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Women University Multan, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Zulfiqar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
- Faisal Zulfiqar,
| | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of Biochemsitry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Haq Nawaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ume Habiba
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Women University Multan, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nafees
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Abbu Zaid
- Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abubakar IB, Kankara SS, Malami I, Danjuma JB, Muhammad YZ, Yahaya H, Singh D, Usman UJ, Ukwuani-Kwaja AN, Muhammad A, Ahmed SJ, Folami SO, Falana MB, Nurudeen QO. Traditional medicinal plants used for treating emerging and re-emerging viral diseases in northern Nigeria. Eur J Integr Med 2022; 49:102094. [PMID: 36573184 PMCID: PMC9760313 DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2021.102094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction For decades, viral diseases have been treated using medicinal plants and herbal practices in the northern part of Nigeria. Though scarcely investigated, these medicinal plants could serve as potential sources for novel antiviral drugs against emerging and remerging viral diseases. Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating the medicinal practices and plants used to treat emerging and re-emerging viral diseases including hepatitis, poliomyelitis, monkeypox, smallpox, yellow fever, Lassa fever, meningitis, and COVID-19 in some northern states; Katsina, Kebbi, Kwara and Sokoto states. Method Administered questionnaires and oral interviews were used to collect information on medicinal plants, method of preparation of herbal formulations, diagnosis, and treatment of viral diseases. Medicinal plants were collected, botanically identified, and assigned voucher numbers. The plant names were verified using www.theplantlist.org, www.worldfloraonline.org and the international plant names index. Result A total of 280 participating herbal medicine practitioners (HMPs) mentioned 131 plants belonging to 65 families. Plant parts such as roots, bark, leaf, seed, and fruit were prepared as a decoction, concoction, infusion, or ointment for oral and topical treatment of viral diseases. Moringa oleifera (75.3%), Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (80%), and Acacia nilotica (70%) were the most frequently mentioned plants in Kebbi, Kwara and Sokoto states, respectively. Conclusion The study revealed scarcely investigated and uninvestigated medicinal plants used to treat hepatitis, poliomyelitis, monkeypox, smallpox, yellow fever, Lassa fever, meningitis, and COVID-19. Future studies should be conducted to determine the antiviral potency and isolate novel bioactive agents from these plants against viral diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Babangida Abubakar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero PMB 1144, Kebbi State, Nigeria,Corresponding author
| | - Sulaiman Sani Kankara
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Umaru Musa Yar'adua University, PMB 2218 Katsina State, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Malami
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodio University Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Jamilu Bala Danjuma
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria
| | | | - Hafsat Yahaya
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodio University Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Dharmendra Singh
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero PMB 1144, Kebbi State, Nigeria
| | - Umar Jaji Usman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero PMB 1144, Kebbi State, Nigeria
| | - Angela Nnenna Ukwuani-Kwaja
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero PMB 1144, Kebbi State, Nigeria
| | - Aliyu Muhammad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 810271, Nigeria
| | - Sanusi Jega Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero PMB 1144, Kebbi State, Nigeria
| | - Sulaimon Olayiwola Folami
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero PMB 1144, Kebbi State, Nigeria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Composition, Anti-MRSA Activity and Toxicity of Essential Oils from Cymbopogon Species. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247542. [PMID: 34946632 PMCID: PMC8708858 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the essential oils obtained from medicinal plants possess proven antimicrobial activity and are suitable for medicinal purposes and applications in the food industry. The aim of the present work was the chemical analysis of 19 essential oils (EOs) from seven different Cymbopogon species (C. nardus, C. citratus, C winterianus, C. flexuosus, C. schoenanthus, C. martinii, C. giganteus). Five different chemotypes were established by GC/MS and TLC assay. The EOs, as well as some reference compounds, i.e., citronellol, geraniol and citral (neral + geranial), were also tested for their antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by the microdilution method and direct bioautography. The toxicity of EOs was evaluated by Danio rerio ‘Zebrafish’ model assay. All examined EOs showed moderate to high activity against MRSA, with the highest activity noted for C. flexuosus—lemongrass essential oil, both in microdilution and direct autobiography method. Significant difference in the toxicity of the examined EOs was also detected.
Collapse
|
50
|
Akimat EK, Omwenga GI, Moriasi GA, Ngugi MP. Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Acute Oral Toxicity, and Qualitative Phytochemistry of The Aqueous Root Extract of Launaea cornuta (Hochst. Ex Oliv. & Hiern.). J Evid Based Integr Med 2021; 26:2515690X211064585. [PMID: 34881674 PMCID: PMC8842406 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x211064585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The root and leaf extracts of Launaea cornuta have been locally used in traditional medicine for decades to manage inflammatory conditions and other oxidative-stress-related syndromes; however, their pharmacologic efficacy has not been scientifically investigated and validated. Accordingly, we investigated the in vitro antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory (in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo) efficacy, acute oral toxicity, and qualitative phytochemical composition of the aqueous root extract of L. cornuta. The ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and the 2,2-diphenyl-2-pycrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging test methods were used to determine the studied plant extract’s antioxidant activity. Besides, the anti-inflammatory efficacy of the studied plant extract was investigated using in vitro (anti-proteinase and protein denaturation), ex vivo (membrane stabilization), and in vivo (carrageenan-induced paw oedema in Swiss albino mice) methods. The studied plant extract demonstrated significant in vitro antioxidant effects, which were evidenced by higher DPPH radical scavenging and FRAP activities, in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Generally, the studied plant extract exhibited significant in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo anti-inflammatory efficacy, respectively, and in a concentration/dose-dependent manner compared with respective controls (p < 0.05). Moreover, the studied plant extract did not cause any observable signs of acute oral toxicity, even at the cut-off dose of 2000 mg/Kg BW (LD50 > 2000 mg/Kg BW), and was thus considered safe. Additionally, qualitative phytochemistry revealed the presence of various antioxidant- and anti-inflammatory-associated phytochemicals, which were deemed responsible for the reported pharmacologic efficacy. Further studies to characterise bioactive molecules and their mode(s) of pharmacologic efficacy are encouraged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evans Kapanat Akimat
- 107864Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - George Isanda Omwenga
- 107864Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Mathew Piero Ngugi
- 107864Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| |
Collapse
|