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Xian SP, Li ZY, Li W, Yang PF, Huang SH, Liu Y, Tang L, Lai J, Zeng FM, He JZ, Liu Y. Spatial immune landscapes of SARS-CoV-2 gastrointestinal infection: macrophages contribute to local tissue inflammation and gastrointestinal symptoms. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1375354. [PMID: 39100091 PMCID: PMC11295004 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1375354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In some patients, persistent gastrointestinal symptoms like abdominal pain, nausea, and diarrhea occur as part of long COVID-19 syndrome following acute respiratory symptoms caused by SARS-CoV-2. However, the characteristics of immune cells in the gastrointestinal tract of COVID-19 patients and their association with these symptoms remain unclear. Methodology Data were collected from 95 COVID-19 patients. Among this cohort, 11 patients who exhibited gastrointestinal symptoms and underwent gastroscopy were selected. Using imaging mass cytometry, the gastrointestinal tissues of these patients were thoroughly analyzed to identify immune cell subgroups and investigate their spatial distribution. Results Significant acute inflammatory responses were found in the gastrointestinal tissues, particularly in the duodenum, of COVID-19 patients. These alterations included an increase in the levels of CD68+ macrophages and CD3+CD4+ T-cells, which was more pronounced in tissues with nucleocapsid protein (NP). The amount of CD68+ macrophages positively correlates with the number of CD3+CD4+ T-cells (R = 0.783, p < 0.001), additionally, spatial neighborhood analysis uncovered decreased interactions between CD68+ macrophages and multiple immune cells were noted in NP-positive tissues. Furthermore, weighted gene coexpression network analysis was employed to extract gene signatures related to clinical features and immune responses from the RNA-seq data derived from gastrointestinal tissues from COVID-19 patients, and we validated that the MEgreen module shown positive correlation with clinical parameter (i.e., Total bilirubin, ALT, AST) and macrophages (R = 0.84, p = 0.001), but negatively correlated with CD4+ T cells (R = -0.62, p = 0.004). By contrast, the MEblue module was inversely associated with macrophages and positively related with CD4+ T cells. Gene function enrichment analyses revealed that the MEgreen module is closely associated with biological processes such as immune response activation, signal transduction, and chemotaxis regulation, indicating its role in the gastrointestinal inflammatory response. Conclusion The findings of this study highlight the role of specific immune cell groups in the gastrointestinal inflammatory response in COVID-19 patients. Gene coexpression network analysis further emphasized the importance of the gene modules in gastrointestinal immune responses, providing potential molecular targets for the treatment of COVID-19-related gastrointestinal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ping Xian
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhan-Yu Li
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng-Fei Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Shen-Hao Huang
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Lai
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Fa-Min Zeng
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jian-Zhong He
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
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Biswas M, Nurunnabi M, Khatun Z. Understanding Mucosal Physiology and Rationale of Formulation Design for Improved Mucosal Immunity. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024. [PMID: 38787767 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The oral and nasal cavities serve as critical gateways for infectious pathogens, with microorganisms primarily gaining entry through these routes. Our first line of defense against these invaders is the mucosal membrane, a protective barrier that shields the body's internal systems from infection while also contributing to vital functions like air and nutrient intake. One of the key features of this mucosal barrier is its ability to protect the physiological system from pathogens. Additionally, mucosal tolerance plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating the pH and water balance within the body. Recognizing the importance of the mucosal barrier, researchers have developed various mucosal formulations to enhance the immune response. Mucosal vaccines, for example, deliver antigens directly to mucosal tissues, triggering local immune stimulation and ultimately inducing systemic immunity. Studies have shown that lipid-based formulations such as liposomes and virosomes can effectively elicit both local and systemic immune responses. Furthermore, mucoadhesive polymeric particles, with their prolonged delivery to target sites, have demonstrated an enhanced immune response. This Review delves into the critical role of material selection and delivery approaches in optimizing mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mila Biswas
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79902, United States
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79902, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Zehedina Khatun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79902, United States
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Wang Z, Xie N, Liang X, Shu Q, Hong Y, Shi H, Wang J, Fan D, Liu N, Xu F. Gut mechanoimmunology: Shaping immune response through physical cues. Phys Life Rev 2024; 50:13-26. [PMID: 38821019 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The gut immune system embodies a complex interplay between the gut mucosal barrier, the host's immune cells, and gut microbiota. These components exist within a dynamic environment characterized by a variety of physical cues, e.g., compression, tension, shear stress, stiffness, and viscoelasticity. The physical cues can be modified under specific pathological conditions. Given their dynamic nature, comprehending the specific effects of these physical cues on the gut immune system is critical for pathological and therapeutic studies of intestinal immune-related diseases. This review aims to discuss how physical cues influence gut immunology by affecting the gut mucosal barrier, host immune cells, and gut microbiota, defining this concept as gut mechanoimmunology. This review seeks to highlight that an enhanced understanding of gut mechanoimmunology carries therapeutic implications, not only for intestinal diseases but also for extraintestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ning Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiru Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiuai Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yijie Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinhai Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China.
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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Pérez-Pérez ME, Nieto-Torres E, Bollain-y-Goytia JJ, Delgadillo-Ruíz L. Protein Citrullination by Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase/Arginine Deiminase Homologs in Members of the Human Microbiota and Its Recognition by Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5192. [PMID: 38791230 PMCID: PMC11121387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome exists throughout the body, and it is essential for maintaining various physiological processes, including immunity, and dysbiotic events, which are associated with autoimmunity. Peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes can citrullinate self-proteins related to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that induce the production of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) and lead to inflammation and joint damage. The present investigation was carried out to demonstrate the expression of homologs of PADs or arginine deiminases (ADs) and citrullinated proteins in members of the human microbiota. To achieve the objective, we used 17 microbial strains and specific polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) of the synthetic peptide derived from residues 100-200 of human PAD2 (anti-PAD2 pAb), and the recombinant fragment of amino acids 326 and 611 of human PAD4 (anti-PAD4 pAb), a human anti-citrulline pAb, and affinity ACPAs of an RA patient. Western blot (WB), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), elution, and a test with Griess reagent were used. This is a cross-sectional case-control study on patients diagnosed with RA and control subjects. Inferential statistics were applied using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test generated in the SPSS program. Some members of phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria harbor homologs of PADs/ADs and citrullinated antigens that are reactive to the ACPAs of RA patients. Microbial citrullinome and homolog enzymes of PADs/ADs are extensive in the human microbiome and are involved in the production of ACPAs. Our findings suggest a molecular link between microorganisms of a dysbiotic microbiota and RA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Elena Pérez-Pérez
- PhD in Basic Science with Biological Orientation, Academic Unit of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98066, Mexico; (M.-E.P.-P.); (L.D.-R.)
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Academic Unit of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Guadalupe, Zacatecas 98615, Mexico
| | - Enrique Nieto-Torres
- Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico;
| | - Juan-José Bollain-y-Goytia
- PhD in Basic Science with Biological Orientation, Academic Unit of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98066, Mexico; (M.-E.P.-P.); (L.D.-R.)
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Academic Unit of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Guadalupe, Zacatecas 98615, Mexico
| | - Lucía Delgadillo-Ruíz
- PhD in Basic Science with Biological Orientation, Academic Unit of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98066, Mexico; (M.-E.P.-P.); (L.D.-R.)
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Liu Y, Lam DMK, Luan M, Zheng W, Ai H. Recent development of oral vaccines (Review). Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:223. [PMID: 38590568 PMCID: PMC11000446 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral immunization can elicit an effective immune response and immune tolerance to specific antigens. When compared with the traditional injection route, delivering antigens via the gastrointestinal mucosa offers superior immune effects and compliance, as well as simplicity and convenience, making it a more optimal route for immunization. At present, various oral vaccine delivery systems exist. Certain modified bacteria, such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli and particularly Lactobacillus, are considered promising carriers for oral vaccines. These carriers can significantly enhance immunization efficiency by actively replicating in the intestinal tract following oral administration. The present review provided a discussion of the main mechanisms of oral immunity and the research progress made in the field of oral vaccines. Additionally, it introduced the advantages and disadvantages of the currently more commonly administered injectable COVID-19 vaccines, alongside the latest advancements in this area. Furthermore, recent developments in oral vaccines are summarized, and their potential benefits and side effects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Follicular Development and Reproductive Health in Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | | | - Mei Luan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Wenfu Zheng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Hao Ai
- Key Laboratory of Follicular Development and Reproductive Health in Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
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6
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Guan M, Xu W, Bai H, Geng Z, Yu Z, Li H, Liu T. Potential mechanisms underlying inhibition of xenograft lung cancer models by kaempferol: modulation of gut microbiota in activating immune cell function. J Cancer 2024; 15:1314-1327. [PMID: 38356724 PMCID: PMC10861830 DOI: 10.7150/jca.88038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Context: As a flavonoid compound, kaempferol has great potential in anti-lung cancer therapy, but the mechanism of its therapeutic effect needs further exploration. Objective: To explore the therapeutic effect of kaempferol on lung cancer, as well as its capability to regulate the gut microbiota and stimulate immune function. Materials & methods: Twenty-four BALB/c mice were divided into four groups. The first two groups, consisting of 12 normal mice, were administered either PBS or Kaempferol (Kaem) via gavage. The remaining 12 mice, which were subcutaneously inoculated with Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) cells, were similarly divided and subjected to the same treatments respectively. The inhibitory effect of kaempferol on xenograft lung cancer models was explored with in vivo experiments, the diversity of gut microbiota was investigated by 16S rDNA sequencing, and the treatment effect on immune cells was quantified using flow cytometry. Results: Kaempferol exerted a significant inhibitory effect on xenograft lung cancer models in vivo. It effectively inhibited the proliferation of LLC cells and significantly activated cytotoxic T cells, natural killer cells, and other immune cells in mice. 16S rRNA sequencing of fecal samples from tumor-bearing mice treated with kaempferol showed a significant increase in the abundances of potentially advantageous microbial species such as c_Bacilli, o_Lactobacillales, f_Lachnospiraceae, s_uncultured_bacterium_g_Lactobacillus, g_Lactobacillus, f_Bacteroidaceae, g_Bacteroides, and s_uncultured_bacterium_g_Bacteroides, s_Bacteroides_acidifaciens. An increase in the proportions of three types of immune cells might associated with the above dominant bacterial species. Conclusion: Kaempferol can inhibit xenograft lung cancer models. Such inhibition effect might come from the activation of T cells, NK cells, and other immune cells which are modulated by the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoying Guan
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weijie Xu
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haoran Bai
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zixiang Geng
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhihua Yu
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hegen Li
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Te Liu
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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Li Q, Lin L, Zhang C, Zhang H, Ma Y, Qian H, Chen XL, Wang X. The progression of inorganic nanoparticles and natural products for inflammatory bowel disease. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:17. [PMID: 38172992 PMCID: PMC10763270 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence indicating a close association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and disrupted intestinal homeostasis. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), along with an increase in M1 proinflammatory macrophage infiltration during the activation of intestinal inflammation, plays a pivotal role in disrupting intestinal homeostasis in IBD. The overabundance of ROS/RNS can cause intestinal tissue damage and the disruption of crucial gut proteins, which ultimately compromises the integrity of the intestinal barrier. The proliferation of M1 macrophages contributes to an exaggerated immune response, further compromising the intestinal immune barrier. Currently, intestinal nanomaterials have gained widespread attention in the context of IBD due to their notable characteristics, including the ability to specifically target regions of interest, clear excess ROS/RNS, and mimic biological enzymes. In this review, we initially elucidated the gut microenvironment in IBD. Subsequently, we delineate therapeutic strategies involving two distinct types of nanomedicine, namely inorganic nanoparticles and natural product nanomaterials. Finally, we present a comprehensive overview of the promising prospects associated with the application of nanomedicine in future clinical settings for the treatment of IBD (graphic abstract). Different classes of nanomedicine are used to treat IBD. This review primarily elucidates the current etiology of inflammatory bowel disease and explores two prominent nanomaterial-based therapeutic approaches. First, it aims to eliminate excessive reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. Second, they focus on modulating the polarization of inflammatory macrophages and reducing the proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages. Additionally, this article delves into the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease using inorganic metal nanomaterials and natural product nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingrong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Liting Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Division of Life Science and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology, Division of Life Science and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Haisheng Qian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Division of Life Science and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xu-Lin Chen
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xianwen Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Division of Life Science and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China.
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Olsen W, Liang N, Dallas DC. Macrophage-Immunomodulatory Actions of Bovine Whey Protein Isolate, Glycomacropeptide, and Their In Vitro and In Vivo Digests. Nutrients 2023; 15:4942. [PMID: 38068800 PMCID: PMC10707750 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Whey protein isolate (WPI) consists of an array of proteins and peptides obtained as a byproduct of the cheesemaking process. Research suggests that WPI, along with its peptides such as glycomacropeptide (GMP), possesses immunomodulatory properties. These properties hold potential for alleviating the adverse effects of inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease. Although promising, the immunoregulatory properties of the digested forms of WPI and GMP-those most likely to interact with the gut immune system-remain under-investigated. To address this knowledge gap, the current study examined the effects of in vitro-digested WPI and GMP, in vivo-digested WPI, and undigested WPI and GMP on the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage-like cells. Our results indicate that digested WPI and GMP reduced the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β, two pro-inflammatory cytokines. Whole WPI had no effect on TNF-α but reduced IL-1β levels. In contrast, in vivo-digested WPI reduced TNF-α but increased IL-1β. Undigested GMP, on the other hand, increased the secretion of both cytokines. These results demonstrate that digestion greatly modifies the effects of WPI and GMP on macrophages and suggest that digested WPI and GMP could help mitigate gastrointestinal inflammation. Further clinical studies are necessary to determine the biological relevance of WPI and GMP digestion products within the gut and their capacity to influence gut inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyatt Olsen
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Ningjian Liang
- Nutrition Program, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - David C. Dallas
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
- Nutrition Program, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
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Jang H, Matsuoka M, Freire M. Oral mucosa immunity: ultimate strategy to stop spreading of pandemic viruses. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1220610. [PMID: 37928529 PMCID: PMC10622784 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1220610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Global pandemics are most likely initiated via zoonotic transmission to humans in which respiratory viruses infect airways with relevance to mucosal systems. Out of the known pandemics, five were initiated by respiratory viruses including current ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Striking progress in vaccine development and therapeutics has helped ameliorate the mortality and morbidity by infectious agents. Yet, organism replication and virus spread through mucosal tissues cannot be directly controlled by parenteral vaccines. A novel mitigation strategy is needed to elicit robust mucosal protection and broadly neutralizing activities to hamper virus entry mechanisms and inhibit transmission. This review focuses on the oral mucosa, which is a critical site of viral transmission and promising target to elicit sterile immunity. In addition to reviewing historic pandemics initiated by the zoonotic respiratory RNA viruses and the oral mucosal tissues, we discuss unique features of the oral immune responses. We address barriers and new prospects related to developing novel therapeutics to elicit protective immunity at the mucosal level to ultimately control transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesun Jang
- Genomic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Michele Matsuoka
- Genomic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Marcelo Freire
- Genomic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Xue S, Abdullahi R, Wu N, Zheng J, Su M, Xu M. Gut microecological regulation on bronchiolitis and asthma in children: A review. THE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2023; 17:975-985. [PMID: 37105551 PMCID: PMC10542989 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asthma and bronchiolitis in children are considered common clinical problems associated with gut microbiota. However, the exact relationship between gut microbiota and the above-mentioned diseases remains unclear. Here, we discussed recent advances in understanding the potential mechanism underlying immune regulation of gut microbiota on asthma and bronchiolitis in children as well as the role of the gut-lung axis. METHODS We retrieved and assessed all relevant original articles related to gut microbiota, airway inflammation-induced wheezing in children, and gut-lung axis studies from databases that have been published so far, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and the Wanfang Database. RESULTS The infant period is critical for the development of gut microbiota, which can be influenced by gestational age, delivery mode, antibiotic exposure and feeding mode. The gut microbiota in children with asthma and bronchiolitis is significantly distinct from those in healthy subjects. Gut microbiota dysbiosis is implicated in asthma and bronchiolitis in children. The presence of intestinal disturbances in lung diseases highlights the importance of the gut-lung axis. CONCLUSION Gut microbiota dysbiosis potentially increases the risk of asthma and bronchiolitis in children. Moreover, a deeper understanding of the gut-lung axis with regard to the gut microbiota of children with respiratory diseases could contribute to clinical practice for pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichen Xue
- Department of PediatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiangChina
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Rukkaiya Abdullahi
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Naisheng Wu
- Department of PediatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiangChina
| | - Jishan Zheng
- Department of PediatricsThe Ningbo Women and Children's HospitalNingboChina
| | - Miaoshang Su
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Manhuan Xu
- College of Laboratory Medicine and Life ScienceWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
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11
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Dwyer LJ, Maheshwari S, Levy E, Poznansky MC, Whalen MJ, Sîrbulescu RF. B cell treatment promotes a neuroprotective microenvironment after traumatic brain injury through reciprocal immunomodulation with infiltrating peripheral myeloid cells. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:133. [PMID: 37259118 PMCID: PMC10230748 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02812-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a major cause of death and severe disability worldwide. We found previously that treatment with exogenous naïve B cells was associated with structural and functional neuroprotection after TBI. Here, we used a mouse model of unilateral controlled cortical contusion TBI to investigate cellular mechanisms of immunomodulation associated with intraparenchymal delivery of mature naïve B lymphocytes at the time of injury. Exogenous B cells showed a complex time-dependent response in the injury microenvironment, including significantly increased expression of IL-10, IL-35, and TGFβ, but also IL-2, IL-6, and TNFα. After 10 days in situ, B cell subsets expressing IL-10 or TGFβ dominated. Immune infiltration into the injury predominantly comprised myeloid cells, and B cell treatment did not alter overall numbers of infiltrating cells. In the presence of B cells, significantly more infiltrating myeloid cells produced IL-10, TGFβ, and IL-35, and fewer produced TNFα, interferon-γ and IL-6 as compared to controls, up to 2 months post-TBI. B cell treatment significantly increased the proportion of CD206+ infiltrating monocytes/macrophages and reduced the relative proportion of activated microglia starting at 4 days and up to 2 months post-injury. Ablation of peripheral monocytes with clodronate liposomes showed that infiltrating peripheral monocytes/macrophages are required for inducing the regulatory phenotype in exogenous B cells. Reciprocally, B cells specifically reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines in infiltrating Ly6C+ monocytes/macrophages. These data support the hypothesis that peripheral myeloid cells, particularly infiltrating monocyte/macrophages, are key mediators of the neuroprotective immunomodulatory effects observed after B cell treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam J Dwyer
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Saumya Maheshwari
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Emily Levy
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Mark C Poznansky
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Michael J Whalen
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Ruxandra F Sîrbulescu
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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12
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Malaina I, Gonzalez-Melero L, Martínez L, Salvador A, Sanchez-Diez A, Asumendi A, Margareto J, Carrasco-Pujante J, Legarreta L, García MA, Pérez-Pinilla MB, Izu R, Martínez de la Fuente I, Igartua M, Alonso S, Hernandez RM, Boyano MD. Computational and Experimental Evaluation of the Immune Response of Neoantigens for Personalized Vaccine Design. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109024. [PMID: 37240369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, the importance of neoantigens in the development of personalized antitumor vaccines has increased remarkably. In order to study whether bioinformatic tools are effective in detecting neoantigens that generate an immune response, DNA samples from patients with cutaneous melanoma in different stages were obtained, resulting in a total of 6048 potential neoantigens gathered. Thereafter, the immunological responses generated by some of those neoantigens ex vivo were tested, using a vaccine designed by a new optimization approach and encapsulated in nanoparticles. Our bioinformatic analysis indicated that no differences were found between the number of neoantigens and that of non-mutated sequences detected as potential binders by IEDB tools. However, those tools were able to highlight neoantigens over non-mutated peptides in HLA-II recognition (p-value 0.03). However, neither HLA-I binding affinity (p-value 0.08) nor Class I immunogenicity values (p-value 0.96) indicated significant differences for the latter parameters. Subsequently, the new vaccine, using aggregative functions and combinatorial optimization, was designed. The six best neoantigens were selected and formulated into two nanoparticles, with which the immune response ex vivo was evaluated, demonstrating a specific activation of the immune response. This study reinforces the use of bioinformatic tools in vaccine development, as their usefulness is proven both in silico and ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker Malaina
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Lorena Gonzalez-Melero
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Luis Martínez, Basque Center for Applied Mathematics BCAM, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Aiala Salvador
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sanchez-Diez
- Department of Dermatology, Basurto University Hospital, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Aintzane Asumendi
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Javier Margareto
- Technological Services Division, Health and Quality of Life, TECNALIA, 01510 Miñano, Spain
| | - Jose Carrasco-Pujante
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Luis Martínez, Basque Center for Applied Mathematics BCAM, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Leire Legarreta
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Luis Martínez, Basque Center for Applied Mathematics BCAM, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - María Asunción García
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Luis Martínez, Basque Center for Applied Mathematics BCAM, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Martín Blas Pérez-Pinilla
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Luis Martínez, Basque Center for Applied Mathematics BCAM, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Rosa Izu
- Department of Dermatology, Basurto University Hospital, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Ildefonso Martínez de la Fuente
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Luis Martínez, Basque Center for Applied Mathematics BCAM, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- CEBAS-CSIC Institute, Department of Nutrition, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Manoli Igartua
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santos Alonso
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Rosa Maria Hernandez
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Dolores Boyano
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
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13
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Heuler J, Chandra H, Sun X. Mucosal Vaccination Strategies against Clostridioides difficile Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11050887. [PMID: 37242991 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) presents a major public health threat by causing frequently recurrent, life-threatening cases of diarrhea and intestinal inflammation. The ability of C. difficile to express antibiotic resistance and to form long-lasting spores makes the pathogen particularly challenging to eradicate from healthcare settings, raising the need for preventative measures to curb the spread of CDI. Since C. difficile utilizes the fecal-oral route of transmission, a mucosal vaccine could be a particularly promising strategy by generating strong IgA and IgG responses that prevent colonization and disease. This mini-review summarizes the progress toward mucosal vaccines against C. difficile toxins, cell-surface components, and spore proteins. By assessing the strengths and weaknesses of particular antigens, as well as methods for delivering these antigens to mucosal sites, we hope to guide future research toward an effective mucosal vaccine against CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Heuler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Harish Chandra
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Xingmin Sun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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14
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Räisänen LK, Kääriäinen SE, Sund R, Engberg E, Viljakainen HT, Kolho KL. Antibiotic exposures and the development of pediatric autoimmune diseases: a register-based case-control study. Pediatr Res 2023; 93:1096-1104. [PMID: 35854091 PMCID: PMC10033398 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02188-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotics have been associated with several individual autoimmune diseases (ADs). This study aims to discover whether pre-diagnostic antibiotics are associated with the onset of ADs in general. METHODS From a cohort of 11,407 children, 242 developed ADs (type 1 diabetes, autoimmune thyroiditis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), or inflammatory bowel diseases) by a median age of 16 years. Antibiotic purchases from birth until the date of diagnosis (or respective date in the matched controls n = 708) were traced from national registers. RESULTS Total number of antibiotic purchases was not related to the onset of ADs when studied as a group. Of specific diagnoses, JIA was associated with the total number of antibiotics throughout the childhood and with broad-spectrum antibiotics before the age of 3 years. Intriguingly, recent and frequent antibiotic use (within 2 years before diagnosis and ≥3 purchases) was associated with the onset of ADs (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.08-2.74). Regardless of frequent use in childhood (40% of all antibiotics), penicillin group antibiotics were not related to any ADs. CONCLUSIONS Use of antibiotics was relatively safe regarding the overall development of ADs. However, broad-spectrum antibiotics should be used considerately as they may associate with an increased likelihood of JIA. IMPACT Increasing numbers of antibiotic purchases before the age of 3 years or throughout childhood were not associated with the development of pediatric autoimmune diseases. Broad-spectrum antibiotics were related to the development of autoimmune diseases, especially juvenile idiopathic arthritis in children, while penicillin group antibiotics were not. The use of broad-spectrum antibiotics in children should be cautious as they may carry along a risk for autoimmune disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Räisänen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology (MET), Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Reijo Sund
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Elina Engberg
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli T Viljakainen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaija-Leena Kolho
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology (MET), Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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15
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de Andrade STQ, Guidugli TI, Borrego A, Rodrigues BLC, Fernandes NCCDA, Guerra JM, de Sousa JG, Starobinas N, Jensen JR, Cabrera WHK, De Franco M, Ibañez OM, Massa S, Ribeiro OG. Slc11a1 gene polymorphism influences dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in a murine model of acute inflammation. Genes Immun 2023; 24:71-80. [PMID: 36792680 PMCID: PMC10110460 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-023-00199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disease characterized by colonic mucosal lesions associated with an increased risk of carcinogenesis. UC pathogenesis involves environmental and genetic factors. Genetic studies have indicated the association of gene variants coding for the divalent metal ion transporter SLC11A1 protein (formerly NRAMP1) with UC susceptibility in several animal species. Two mouse lines were genetically selected for high (AIRmax) or low (AIRmin) acute inflammatory responses (AIR). AIRmax is susceptible, and AIRmin is resistant to DSS-induced colitis and colon carcinogenesis. Furthermore, AIRmin mice present polymorphism of the Slc11a1 gene. Here we investigated the possible modulating effect of the Slc11a1 R and S variants in DSS-induced colitis by using AIRmin mice homozygous for Slc11a1 R (AIRminRR) or S (AIRminSS) alleles. We evaluated UC by the disease activity index (DAI), considering weight loss, diarrhea, blood in the anus or feces, cytokines, histopathology, and cell populations in the distal colon epithelium. AIRminSS mice have become susceptible to DSS effects, with higher DAI, IL6, G-CSF, and MCP-1 production and morphological and colon histopathological alterations than AIRminRR mice. The results point to a role of the Slc11a1 S allele in DSS colitis induction in the genetic background of AIRmin mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea Borrego
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Nancy Starobinas
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Solange Massa
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Räisänen L, Viljakainen H, Kolho KL. Exposure to proton pump inhibitors is associated with the development of pediatric autoimmune diseases. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1157547. [PMID: 37051434 PMCID: PMC10083351 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1157547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been associated with decreased gut microbiota diversity. Disrupted gut microbiota composition has been reported in several autoimmune diseases (ADs), such as type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). We investigated whether PPIs are associated with the development of ADs in children and concluded that PPI exposures could be related to the onset of ADs, especially IBD and potentially AIT as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Räisänen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Correspondence: Laura Räisänen Kaija-Leena Kolho
| | - Heli Viljakainen
- Public Health Research Program, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaija-Leena Kolho
- Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and HUS, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Correspondence: Laura Räisänen Kaija-Leena Kolho
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17
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Celiac Disease and Neurological Manifestations: From Gluten to Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415564. [PMID: 36555205 PMCID: PMC9779232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a complex multi-organ disease with a high prevalence of extra-intestinal involvement, including neurological and psychiatric manifestations, such as cerebellar ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, epilepsy, headache, cognitive impairment, and depression. However, the mechanisms behind the neurological involvement in CD remain controversial. Recent evidence shows these can be related to gluten-mediated pathogenesis, including antibody cross-reaction, deposition of immune-complex, direct neurotoxicity, and in severe cases, vitamins or nutrients deficiency. Here, we have summarized new evidence related to gut microbiota and the so-called "gut-liver-brain axis" involved in CD-related neurological manifestations. Additionally, there has yet to be an agreement on whether serological or neurophysiological findings can effectively early diagnose and properly monitor CD-associated neurological involvement; notably, most of them can revert to normal with a rigorous gluten-free diet. Moving from a molecular level to a symptom-based approach, clinical, serological, and neurophysiology data might help to disentangle the many-faceted interactions between the gut and brain in CD. Eventually, the identification of multimodal biomarkers might help diagnose, monitor, and improve the quality of life of patients with "neuroCD".
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18
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Lee D, Lee VMY, Hur SK. Manipulation of the diet-microbiota-brain axis in Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1042865. [PMID: 36408394 PMCID: PMC9672822 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1042865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies investigating the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease have identified various interdependent constituents contributing to the exacerbation of the disease, including Aβ plaque formation, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, neurofibrillary tangle accumulation, glial inflammation, and the eventual loss of proper neural plasticity. Recently, using various models and human patients, another key factor has been established as an influential determinant in brain homeostasis: the gut-brain axis. The implications of a rapidly aging population and the absence of a definitive cure for Alzheimer's disease have prompted a search for non-pharmaceutical tools, of which gut-modulatory therapies targeting the gut-brain axis have shown promise. Yet multiple recent studies examining changes in human gut flora in response to various probiotics and environmental factors are limited and difficult to generalize; whether the state of the gut microbiota in Alzheimer's disease is a cause of the disease, a result of the disease, or both through numerous feedback loops in the gut-brain axis, remains unclear. However, preliminary findings of longitudinal studies conducted over the past decades have highlighted dietary interventions, especially Mediterranean diets, as preventative measures for Alzheimer's disease by reversing neuroinflammation, modifying the intestinal and blood-brain barrier (BBB), and addressing gut dysbiosis. Conversely, the consumption of Western diets intensifies the progression of Alzheimer's disease through genetic alterations, impaired barrier function, and chronic inflammation. This review aims to support the growing body of experimental and clinical data highlighting specific probiotic strains and particular dietary components in preventing Alzheimer's disease via the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lee
- Middleton High School, Middleton, WI, United States
| | - Virginia M-Y. Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Seong Kwon Hur
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
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19
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Najafi A, Keykhaee M, Khorramdelazad H, Karimi MY, Nejatbakhsh Samimi L, Aghamohamadi N, Karimi M, Falak R, Khoobi M. Catalase application in cancer therapy: Simultaneous focusing on hypoxia attenuation and macrophage reprogramming. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Biomimetic Nanotherapeutics: Employing Nanoghosts to fight Melanoma. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 177:157-174. [PMID: 35787429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a cancer of melanocytes present at the basal layer of the skin. Nanomedicine has armed us with competent platform to manage such fatal neoplastic diseases. Nevertheless, it suffers from numerous pitfalls such as rapid clearance and opsonization of surface-functionalized carriers, biocompatibility and idiopathic reactions which could be difficult to predict in the patient. Biomimetic approach, a novel step towards personalized medicine bridges these drawbacks by employing endogenous cell membranes to traverse physiological barriers. Camouflaged carriers coated with natural cell membranes possess unique characteristics such as high circulatory periods, and the absence of allogenic and xenogenic responses. Proteins residing on the cell membranes render a diverse range of utilities to the coated nanoparticles including natural efficiency to identify cellular targets, homologous targeting, reticuloendothelial system evasion, biocompatibility and reduced adverse and idiopathic effects. In the present article, we have focused on cell membrane camouflaged nanocarriers for melanoma management. We have discussed various types of biomimetic systems, their processing and coating approaches, and their characterization. We have also enumerated novel avenues in melanoma treatment and the combination of biomimetic systems with smart nanoparticulate systems with the potential to bring breakthroughs in the near future. Additionally, immunotherapy-based biomimetic systems to combat melanoma have been highlighted. Hurdles towards clinical translation and ways to overcome them have been explained in detail.
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21
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Chen J, Li C, Lang Z, Zheng J, Yu S, Zhou Z. Identification and Validation of Genomic Subtypes and a Prognostic Model Based on Antigen-Presenting Cells and Tumor Microenvironment Infiltration Characteristics in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:887008. [PMID: 35720008 PMCID: PMC9205444 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.887008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is poor, and there is a lack of effective targeted therapy. As key mediators of the immune response, the prognostic value of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in HCC still remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to identify APC-related genomic subtypes and develop a novel prognostic model in HCC. Our results indicated that overall survival (OS) and the level of immune infiltration significantly differed between different APC clusters. By analyzing the gene expression profile between APC clusters, APC-related genomic subtypes were identified. There was a significant difference in OS and tumor microenvironment infiltration in HCC patients with different genomic subtypes. With the aid of genomic subtypes, significantly differentially expressed genes were screened to generate a novel prognostic model. The risk score of the model had a significant positive correlation with APCs and was associated with immune checkpoint expressions. Through the clinical cohort collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, the prognostic value of the risk score was further validated. Moreover, after the risk score and clinical characteristics were combined, a nomogram was constructed to evaluate the prognosis for HCC patients. In conclusion, we mainly identified the APC-related genomic subtypes and generated a novel prognostic model to improve the prognostic prediction and targeted therapy for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chunxue Li
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhichao Lang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianjian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Suhui Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenxu Zhou
- Department of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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22
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Li Y, Ye Z, Zhu J, Fang S, Meng L, Zhou C. Effects of Gut Microbiota on Host Adaptive Immunity Under Immune Homeostasis and Tumor Pathology State. Front Immunol 2022; 13:844335. [PMID: 35355998 PMCID: PMC8960063 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.844335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota stimulate and shape the body’s adaptive immune response through bacterial components and its active metabolites, which orchestrates the formation and maintenance of the body’s immune homeostasis. In addition, the imbalances in microbiota-adaptive immunity contribute to the development of tumor and the antitumor efficiency of a series of antitumor therapies at the preclinical and clinical levels. Regardless of significant results, the regulation of gut microbiota on adaptive immunity in immune homeostasis and tumors needs a more thorough understanding. Herein, we highlighted the comprehensive knowledge, status, and limitations in the mechanism of microbiome interaction with adaptive immunity and put forward the prospect of how to translate these insights in inhibiting tumor progression and enhancing the efficacy of antitumor interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zixuan Ye
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- Research and Development Department,Wecare-bio Probiotics Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Shuguang Fang
- Research and Development Department,Wecare-bio Probiotics Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Meng
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Chen Zhou, ; Lijuan Meng,
| | - Chen Zhou
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Chen Zhou, ; Lijuan Meng,
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23
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Tavakoli P, Vollmer-Conna U, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, Grimm MC. A Review of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Model of Microbial, Immune and Neuropsychological Integration. Public Health Rev 2021; 42:1603990. [PMID: 34692176 PMCID: PMC8386758 DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2021.1603990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are complex chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract with uncertain etiology. IBDs comprise two idiopathic disorders: Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The aetiology, severity and progression of such disorders are still poorly understood but thought to be influenced by multiple factors (including genetic, environmental, immunological, physiological, psychological factors and gut microbiome) and their interactions. The overarching aim of this review is to evaluate the extent and nature of the interrelationship between these factors with the disease course. A broader conceptual and longitudinal framework of possible neuro-visceral integration, core microbiome analysis and immune modulation assessment may be useful in accurately documenting and characterizing the nature and temporal continuity of crosstalk between these factors and the role of their interaction (s) in IBD disease activity. Characterization of these interactions holds the promise of identifying novel diagnostic, interventions, and therapeutic strategies. Material and Methods: A search of published literature was conducted by exploring PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Medline Plus, CDSR library databases. Following search terms relating to key question were set for the search included: “Inflammatory bowel diseases,” “gut microbiota,” “psychological distress and IBD,” “autonomic reactivity and IBD,” “immune modulation,” “chronic inflammation,” “gut inflammation,” “enteric nervous system,” “gut nervous system,” “Crohn’s disease,” “Ulcerative colitis”, “depression and IBD”, “anxiety and IBD”, “quality of life in IBD patients,” “relapse in IBDs,” “remission in IBDs,” “IBD disease activity,” “brain-gut-axis,” “microbial signature in IBD,” “validated questionnaires in IBD,” “IBD activity indices,” “IBD aetiology,” “IBDs and stress,” “epidemiology of IBDs”, “autonomic nervous system and gut inflammation”, “IBD and environment,” “genetics of IBDs,” “pathways of immune response in IBDs,” “sleep disturbances in IBD,” “hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA),” “sympatho-adrenal axis,” “CNS and its control of gut function” “mucosal immune response,” “commensal and pathogenic bacteria in the gut,” “innate and adaptive immunity.” Studies evaluating any possible associations between gut microbiome, psychological state, immune modulation, and autonomic function with IBDs were identified. Commonly cited published literatures with high quality research methodology/results and additional articles from bibliographies of recovered papers were examined and included where relevant. Results: Although there is a substantial literature identifying major contributing factors with IBD, there has been little attempt to integrate some factors over time and assess their interplay and relationship with IBD disease activity. Such contributing factors include genetic and environmental factors, gut microbiota composition and function, physiological factors, psychological state and gut immune response. Interdependences are evident across psychological and biological factors and IBD disease activity. Although from the available evidence, it is implausible that a single explanatory model could elucidate the interplay between such factors and the disease course as well as the sequence of the effect during the pathophysiology of IBD. Conclusion: Longitudinal monitoring of IBD patients and integrating data related to the contributing/risk factors including psychological state, physiological conditions, inflammatory/immune modulations, and microbiome composition/function, could help to explain how major factors associate and interrelate leading to exacerbation of symptoms and disease activity. Identifying the temporal trajectory of biological and psychosocial disturbances may also help to assess their effects and interdependence on individuals’ disease status. Moreover, this allows greater insight into understanding the temporal progressions of subclinical events as potential ground for disease severity in IBD. Furthermore, understanding the interaction between these risk factors may help better interventions in controlling the disease, reducing the costs related to disease management, further implications for clinical practice and research approaches in addition to improving patients’ mental health and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tavakoli
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - U Vollmer-Conna
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - D Hadzi-Pavlovic
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - M C Grimm
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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24
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Qian SJ, Huang QR, Chen RY, Mo JJ, Zhou LY, Zhao Y, Li B, Lai HC. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Identifies New Inflammation-Promoting Cell Subsets in Asian Patients With Chronic Periodontitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:711337. [PMID: 34566966 PMCID: PMC8455889 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.711337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a highly prevalent chronic inflammatory disease leading to periodontal tissue breakdown and subsequent tooth loss, in which excessive host immune response accounts for most of the tissue damage and disease progression. Despite of the imperative need to develop host modulation therapy, the inflammatory responses and cell population dynamics which are finely tuned by the pathological microenvironment in periodontitis remained unclear. To investigate the local microenvironment of the inflammatory response in periodontitis, 10 periodontitis patients and 10 healthy volunteers were involved in this study. Single-cell transcriptomic profilings of gingival tissues from two patients and two healthy donors were performed. Histology, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry analysis were performed to further validate the identified cell subtypes and their involvement in periodontitis. Based on our single-cell resolution analysis, we identified HLA-DR-expressing endothelial cells and CXCL13+ fibroblasts which are highly associated with immune regulation. We also revealed the involvement of the proinflammatory NLRP3+ macrophages in periodontitis. We further showed the increased cell-cell communication between macrophage and T/B cells in the inflammatory periodontal tissues. Our data generated an intriguing catalog of cell types and interaction networks in the human gingiva and identified new inflammation-promoting cell subtypes involved in chronic periodontitis, which will be helpful in advancing host modulation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jiao Qian
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-facial Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian-Ru Huang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-Ying Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-facial Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Ji Mo
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-facial Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin-Yi Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-facial Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Chang Lai
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-facial Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Lerner A, Benzvi C. Microbial Transglutaminase Is a Very Frequently Used Food Additive and Is a Potential Inducer of Autoimmune/Neurodegenerative Diseases. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9100233. [PMID: 34678929 PMCID: PMC8537092 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9100233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microbial transglutaminase (mTG) is a heavily used food additive and its industrial transamidated complexes usage is rising rapidly. It was classified as a processing aid and was granted the GRAS (generally recognized as safe) definition, thus escaping full and thorough toxic and safety evaluations. Despite the manufacturers claims, mTG or its cross-linked compounds are immunogenic, pathogenic, proinflammatory, allergenic and toxic, and pose a risk to public health. The enzyme is a member of the transglutaminase family and imitates the posttranslational modification of gluten, by the tissue transglutaminase, which is the autoantigen of celiac disease. The deamidated and transamidated gliadin peptides lose their tolerance and induce the gluten enteropathy. Microbial transglutaminase and its complexes increase intestinal permeability, suppresses enteric protective pathways, enhances microbial growth and gliadin peptide’s epithelial uptake and can transcytose intra-enterocytically to face the sub-epithelial immune cells. The present review updates on the potentially detrimental side effects of mTG, aiming to interest the scientific community, induce food regulatory authorities’ debates on its safety, and protect the public from the mTG unwanted effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Lerner
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel;
- Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-525-919484
| | - Carina Benzvi
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel;
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26
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Cherne MD, Sidar B, Sebrell TA, Sanchez HS, Heaton K, Kassama FJ, Roe MM, Gentry AB, Chang CB, Walk ST, Jutila M, Wilking JN, Bimczok D. A Synthetic Hydrogel, VitroGel ® ORGANOID-3, Improves Immune Cell-Epithelial Interactions in a Tissue Chip Co-Culture Model of Human Gastric Organoids and Dendritic Cells. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:707891. [PMID: 34552484 PMCID: PMC8450338 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.707891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosurveillance of the gastrointestinal epithelium by mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) is essential for maintaining gut health. However, studying the complex interplay between the human gastrointestinal epithelium and MNPs such as dendritic cells (DCs) is difficult, since traditional cell culture systems lack complexity, and animal models may not adequately represent human tissues. Microphysiological systems, or tissue chips, are an attractive alternative for these investigations, because they model functional features of specific tissues or organs using microscale culture platforms that recreate physiological tissue microenvironments. However, successful integration of multiple of tissue types on a tissue chip platform to reproduce physiological cell-cell interactions remains a challenge. We previously developed a tissue chip system, the gut organoid flow chip (GOFlowChip), for long term culture of 3-D pluripotent stem cell-derived human intestinal organoids. Here, we optimized the GOFlowChip platform to build a complex microphysiological immune-cell-epithelial cell co-culture model in order to study DC-epithelial interactions in human stomach. We first tested different tubing materials and chip configurations to optimize DC loading onto the GOFlowChip and demonstrated that DC culture on the GOFlowChip for up to 20 h did not impact DC activation status or viability. However, Transwell chemotaxis assays and live confocal imaging revealed that Matrigel, the extracellular matrix (ECM) material commonly used for organoid culture, prevented DC migration towards the organoids and the establishment of direct MNP-epithelial contacts. Therefore, we next evaluated DC chemotaxis through alternative ECM materials including Matrigel-collagen mixtures and synthetic hydrogels. A polysaccharide-based synthetic hydrogel, VitroGel®-ORGANOID-3 (V-ORG-3), enabled significantly increased DC chemotaxis through the matrix, supported organoid survival and growth, and did not significantly alter DC activation or viability. On the GOFlowChip, DCs that were flowed into the chip migrated rapidly through the V-ORG matrix and reached organoids embedded deep within the chip, with increased interactions between DCs and gastric organoids. The successful integration of DCs and V-ORG-3 embedded gastric organoids into the GOFlowChip platform now permits real-time imaging of MNP-epithelial interactions and other investigations of the complex interplay between gastrointestinal MNPs and epithelial cells in their response to pathogens, candidate drugs and mucosal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle D Cherne
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Barkan Sidar
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department and Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - T Andrew Sebrell
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Humberto S Sanchez
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department and Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Kody Heaton
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Francis J Kassama
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, United States
| | - Mandi M Roe
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Andrew B Gentry
- Bozeman GI Clinic, Deaconess Hospital, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Connie B Chang
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department and Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Seth T Walk
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Mark Jutila
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - James N Wilking
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department and Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Diane Bimczok
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
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27
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Olaloye OO, Liu P, Toothaker JM, McCourt BT, McCourt CC, Xiao J, Prochaska E, Shaffer S, Werner L, Gringauz J, Good M, Goldsmith JD, An X, Wang F, Snapper SB, Shouval D, Chen K, Tseng G, Konnikova L. CD16+CD163+ monocytes traffic to sites of inflammation during necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants. J Exp Med 2021; 218:212478. [PMID: 34269788 PMCID: PMC8289692 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe gastrointestinal complication of prematurity. Using suspension and imaging mass cytometry coupled with single-cell RNA sequencing, we demonstrate severe inflammation in patients with NEC. NEC mucosa could be subtyped by an influx of three distinct neutrophil phenotypes (immature, newly emigrated, and aged). Furthermore, CD16+CD163+ monocytes/Mϕ, correlated with newly emigrated neutrophils, were specifically enriched in NEC mucosa, found adjacent to the blood vessels, and increased in circulation of infants with surgical NEC, suggesting trafficking from the periphery to areas of inflammation. NEC-specific monocytes/Mϕ transcribed inflammatory genes, including TREM1, IL1A, IL1B, and calprotectin, and neutrophil recruitment genes IL8, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL5 and had enrichment of gene sets in pathways involved in chemotaxis, migration, phagocytosis, and reactive oxygen species generation. In summary, we identify a novel subtype of inflammatory monocytes/Mϕ associated with NEC that should be further evaluated as a potential biomarker of surgical NEC and a target for the development of NEC-specific therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Blake T McCourt
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT
| | - Collin C McCourt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jenny Xiao
- Department of Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Erica Prochaska
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Spenser Shaffer
- Division of Newborn Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Lael Werner
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Disease, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tiqwa, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - Jordan Gringauz
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Misty Good
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Xiaojing An
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Montefiore Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Fujing Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Montefiore Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Scott B Snapper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Dror Shouval
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Disease, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tiqwa, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Kong Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Montefiore Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - George Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Liza Konnikova
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.,Division of Newborn Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.,Division of Reproductive Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT.,Program in Human and Translational Immunology Yale University, New Haven, CT
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28
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Du Y, Rong L, Cong Y, Shen L, Zhang N, Wang B. Macrophage polarization: an effective approach to targeted therapy of inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:191-209. [PMID: 33682588 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1901079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a systemic disease with immune abnormalities that can affect the entire digestive tract. A high percentage of patients with IBD are unresponsive to current pharmacological agents, hence the need exists for novel therapeutic approaches. There is compelling evidence that macrophage polarization plays a key role in the remission of IBD patients and that it could open up future treatment options for patients.Areas covered: This paper highlights the crucial role of macrophage polarization in IBD. The authors shed light on the phenotype and function of macrophages and potential drug targets for polarization regulation. Existing approaches for regulating macrophage polarization are discussed and potential solutions for safety concerns are considered. We performed a literature search on the IBD and macrophage polarization mainly published in PubMed January 2010-July 2020.Expert opinion: Evidence indicates that there are fewer M2 macrophages and a high proportion of M1 macrophages in the intestinal tissues of individuals who are non- responsive to treatment. Regulating macrophage polarization is a potential novel targeted option for IBD treatment. Improved mechanistic insights are required to uncover more precise and effective targets for skewing macrophages into a proper phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Du
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Rong
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanhua Cong
- Center for Pharmaceutics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Center for Pharmaceutics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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29
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Ding S, Yan W, Ma Y, Fang J. The impact of probiotics on gut health via alternation of immune status of monogastric animals. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2021; 7:24-30. [PMID: 33997328 PMCID: PMC8110871 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal immune system is affected by various factors during its development, such as maternal antibodies, host genes, intestinal microbial composition and activity, and various stresses (such as weaning stress). Intestinal microbes may have an important impact on the development of the host immune system. Appropriate interventions such as probiotics may have a positive effect on intestinal immunity by regulating the composition and activity of intestinal microbes. Moreover, probiotics participate in the regulation of host health in many ways; for instance, by improving digestion and the absorption of nutrients, immune response, increasing the content of intestinal-beneficial microorganisms, and inhibiting intestinal-pathogenic bacteria, and they participate in regulating intestinal diseases in various ways. Probiotics are widely used as additives in livestock and the poultry industry and bring health benefits to hosts by improving intestinal microbes and growth performance, which provides more choices for promoting strong and efficient productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Ding
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Wenxin Yan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yong Ma
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jun Fang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410128, China
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30
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Wong MK, Barbulescu P, Coburn B, Reguera-Nuñez E. Therapeutic interventions and mechanisms associated with gut microbiota-mediated modulation of immune checkpoint inhibitor responses. Microbes Infect 2021; 23:104804. [PMID: 33652120 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2021.104804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The link between the gut microbiome and responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is now well established. New therapeutic opportunities exploiting this relationship are being developed with the goal of augmenting ICI efficacy. In this review, we summarize the foundational research establishing these interactions and discuss the mechanisms and novel therapeutic options associated with this gut microbiome-ICI connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Wong
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Philip Barbulescu
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Bryan Coburn
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 0A3, Canada.
| | - Elaine Reguera-Nuñez
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A3, Canada.
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31
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Ex vivo rectal explant model reveals potential opposing roles of Natural Killer cells and Marginal Zone-like B cells in HIV-1 infection. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20154. [PMID: 33214610 PMCID: PMC7677325 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76976-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of innate immune responses in human rectal mucosal tissues (RM) and their contributions to promoting or restricting HIV transmission is limited. We defined the RM composition of innate and innate-like cell subsets, including plasmacytoid dendritic cells; CD1c + myeloid DCs; neutrophils; macrophages; natural killer cells (NK); Marginal Zone-like B cells (MZB); γδ T cells; and mucosal-associated invariant T cells in RM from 69 HIV-negative men by flow cytometry. Associations between these cell subsets and HIV-1 replication in ex vivo RM explant challenge experiments revealed an inverse correlation between RM-NK and p24 production, in contrast to a positive association between RM-MZB and HIV replication. Comparison of RM and blood-derived MZB and NK illustrated qualitative and quantitative differences between tissue compartments. Additionally, 22 soluble molecules were measured in a subset of explant cultures (n = 26). Higher production of IL-17A, IFN-γ, IL-10, IP-10, GM-CSF, sFasL, Granzyme A, Granzyme B, Granulysin, and Perforin following infection positively correlated with HIV replication. These data show novel associations between MZB and NK cells and p24 production in RM and underscore the importance of inflammatory cytokines in mucosal HIV infection, demonstrating the likely critical role these innate immune responses play in early mucosal HIV replication in humans.
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32
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Lei Y, Chen Y, Lin Z, Tian D, Han P. Comprehensive analysis of key biomarkers, immune infiltration and potential therapeutic agents for ulcerative colitis. Life Sci 2020; 260:118437. [PMID: 32950577 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS There has been an increasing trend towards the ulcerative colitis (UC) incidence worldwide. The present study aimed to explore novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic agents for UC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among UC and healthy control samples were identified by GEO2R online tool. Functional analysis was performed and protein-protein interaction networks were constructed. The hub genes were explored by Cytoscape, and quantitative real-time-PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to valid their expression in clinical samples. ImmuCellAI was utilized to analyze the fraction of 24 types of immune cells. The L1000 platform was applied to determine potential agents for UC treatment. The dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model was used to identify the therapeutic effect of meclofenamic acid. KEY FINDINGS A total of 270 DEGs were identified among UC and healthy control samples. Functional analysis indicated that the DEGs were primarily enriched in several immune response and digestion pathways. A proportion of 18 immune-cell types was found to be significantly altered between UC and healthy control samples. 10 compounds were predicted to have therapeutic potentials for treating UC. Among them, we selected meclofenamic acid to identify its therapeutic effect on UC treatment by animal experiments. SIGNIFICANCE The current study comprehensively analyzed the DEGs and immune infiltration in UC, as well as screened for potential agents for UC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhuoying Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dean Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Ping Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China.
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33
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Gonzali S, Perata P. Anthocyanins from Purple Tomatoes as Novel Antioxidants to Promote Human Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1017. [PMID: 33092051 PMCID: PMC7590037 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9101017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are plant secondary metabolites belonging to the class of polyphenols, whose beneficial roles in the prevention and treatment of several important human diseases have been demonstrated in many epidemiological studies. Their intake through diet strictly depends on the eating habits, as anthocyanins are contained in red and purple fruit and vegetables as well as in some processed foods and beverages, such as red wine. Genetic engineering and breeding programs have been recently carried out to increase the content of anthocyanins in candidate plant species which cannot offer satisfactory levels of these precious compounds. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a vegetable commodity where these strategies have resulted in success, leading to the production of new anthocyanin-rich fruit varieties, some of which are already marketed. These varieties produce purple fruits with a high nutraceutical value, combining the health benefits of the anthocyanins to the other classical tomato phytochemicals, particularly carotenoids. The antioxidant capacity in tomato purple fruits is higher than in non-anthocyanin tomatoes and their healthy role has already been demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Recent evidence has indicated a particular capacity of tomato fruit anthocyanins to act as scavengers of harmful reactive chemical species and inhibitors of proliferating cancer cells, as well as anti-inflammatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierdomenico Perata
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
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Pu T, Liu W, Wu Y, Zhao Y. ABIN1 alleviates inflammatory responses and colitis via facilitating A20 activity. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2020; 11:2040622320944782. [PMID: 32843955 PMCID: PMC7418473 DOI: 10.1177/2040622320944782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophages-mediated inflammation is involved in the progress of colitis. The present study aims to explore the roles of A20-binding inhibitor of NF-κB (ABIN1) in the macrophages and its underlying mechanisms. Methods ABIN1 myeloid cell-conditional transgenic mice were established and genotyped by PCR and immunoblotting assays. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was applied to pre-treat bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in the presence of lipopolysaccharide. The mRNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were determined by qRT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis was established to determine the effects of ABIN1 on the survival time, body weight, colon length, and colon histopathological changes. Western blotting was applied to determine the expressions of signaling proteins. Results ABIN1 overexpression did not affect cell populations of macrophages and neutrophils in mice. Its overexpression reduced the productions of pro-inflammatory cytokines in BMDMs and ameliorated survival rate and colitis symptoms in the DSS-induced mouse model. The underlying mechanisms revealed that ABIN1 impaired macrophages-mediated inflammatory responses, in part by regulating the NF-κB signal pathway, and its ameliorated effects on the symptoms of DSS-induced colitis were associated with A20/tumor necrosis factor α-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3). Conclusion ABIN1 attenuated inflammatory responses and colitis by regulating A20/TNFAIP3 activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Pu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenzheng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yijun Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
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Exosome-modified PLGA Microspheres for Improved Internalization into Dendritic Cells and Macrophages. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Zuurveld M, van Witzenburg NP, Garssen J, Folkerts G, Stahl B, van't Land B, Willemsen LEM. Immunomodulation by Human Milk Oligosaccharides: The Potential Role in Prevention of Allergic Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:801. [PMID: 32457747 PMCID: PMC7221186 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and incidence of allergic diseases is rising and these diseases have become the most common chronic diseases during childhood in Westernized countries. Early life forms a critical window predisposing for health or disease. Therefore, this can also be a window of opportunity for allergy prevention. Postnatally the gut needs to mature, and the microbiome is built which further drives the training of infant's immune system. Immunomodulatory components in breastmilk protect the infant in this crucial period by; providing nutrients that contain substrates for the microbiome, supporting intestinal barrier function, protecting against pathogenic infections, enhancing immune development and facilitating immune tolerance. The presence of a diverse human milk oligosaccharide (HMOS) mixture, containing several types of functional groups, points to engagement in several mechanisms related to immune and microbiome maturation in the infant's gastrointestinal tract. In recent years, several pathways impacted by HMOS have been elucidated, including their capacity to; fortify the microbiome composition, enhance production of short chain fatty acids, bind directly to pathogens and interact directly with the intestinal epithelium and immune cells. The exact mechanisms underlying the immune protective effects have not been fully elucidated yet. We hypothesize that HMOS may be involved in and can be utilized to provide protection from developing allergic diseases at a young age. In this review, we highlight several pathways involved in the immunomodulatory effects of HMOS and the potential role in prevention of allergic diseases. Recent studies have proposed possible mechanisms through which HMOS may contribute, either directly or indirectly, via microbiome modification, to induce oral tolerance. Future research should focus on the identification of specific pathways by which individual HMOS structures exert protective actions and thereby contribute to the capacity of the authentic HMOS mixture in early life allergy prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Zuurveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nikita P. van Witzenburg
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Global Centre of Excellence Immunology, Danone Nutricia Research B.V., Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Bernd Stahl
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Global Centre of Excellence Human Milk Research and Analytical Sciences, Danone Nutricia Research B.V., Utrecht, Netherlands
- Division of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Belinda van't Land
- Global Centre of Excellence Immunology, Danone Nutricia Research B.V., Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Linette E. M. Willemsen
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Synbiotic supplementation with prebiotic green banana resistant starch and probiotic Bacillus coagulans spores ameliorates gut inflammation in mouse model of inflammatory bowel diseases. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:3669-3689. [PMID: 32067099 PMCID: PMC7669818 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02200-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The research goal is to develop dietary strategies to help address the growing incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). This study has investigated the effectiveness of green banana resistant starch (GBRS) and probiotic Bacillus coagulans MTCC5856 spores for the amelioration of dextran-sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Methods Eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed standard rodent chow diet supplemented with either B. coagulans, GBRS or its synbiotic combination. After 7 days supplementation, colitis was induced by adding 2% DSS in drinking water for 7 days while continuing the supplemented diets. Animal health was monitored and after 14 days all animals were sacrificed to measure the biochemical and histochemical changes associated with each supplement type. Results The disease activity index and histological damage score for DSS-control mice (6.1, 17.1, respectively) were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than the healthy mice. Synbiotic supplementation alleviated these markers (− 67%, − 94% respectively) more adequately than B. coagulans (− 52%, − 58% respectively) or GBRS (− 57%, − 26%, respectively) alone. Compared to DSS-control synbiotic supplementation significantly (p < 0.0001) maintained expressions of tight junction proteins. Moreover, synbiotic effects accounted for ~ 40% suppression of IL-1β and ~ 29% increase in IL-10 levels in serum while also reducing C-reactive protein (− 37%) compared to that of the DSS-control. While, B. coagulans alone could not induce additional levels of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production beyond the caecum, the synbiotic combination with GBRS resulted in substantial increased SCFA levels across the whole length of the colon. Conclusion The synbiotic supplementation with B. coagulans and GBRS ameliorated the overall inflammatory status of the experimental IBD model via synergistic functioning. This supports researching its application in mitigating inflammation in human IBD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-020-02200-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Xie C, Fan Y, Huang Y, Wu S, Xu H, Liu L, Hu Y, Huang Q, Shi H, Wang L, Xu H, Su J, Ren J. Class A1 scavenger receptors mediated macrophages in impaired intestinal barrier of inflammatory bowel disease. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:106. [PMID: 32175399 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.12.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background This study was to investigate the cytokines and phenotype of macrophages pre-treated with class A1 scavenger receptor (SR-A1) antibody in vitro and the influence on apoptotic pathway of colonic epithelial cells, and to explore the role of SR-A1 mediated macrophages in impaired intestinal barrier of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Methods Mouse macrophage RAW264.7 was pre-treated with SR-A1 antibody in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Transwell system was employed for co-culture of RAW264.7 and Caco-2 in the presence of LPS and IFN-γ, with or without SR-A1 antibody pre-treatment. The percentage of F4/80+CD11c+ macrophages, apoptosis rate of Caco-2 cells, and expression of apoptosis and tight junction proteins in Caco-2 cells was determined. Results Pre-treatment with SR-A1 antibody up-regulated IL-10 expression in RAW264.7, whereas down-regulated the expression of TNF and iNOS. Immunofluorescence staining indicated the upregulation of NF-κB p-p56 after LPS stimulation was significantly inhibited in the presence of SR-A1 antibody. The increase in p-JNK expression was inhibited by SR-A1 antibody. Transwell assay showed the percentage of F4/80+CD11c+ macrophages and apoptotic Caco-2 cells increased after treatment with LPS and IFN-γ, which could be reversed in the presence of SR-A1 antibody. The induction of cleaved caspase-3 and claudin-1 in Caco-2 cells was also suppressed when SR-A1 antibody pre-treatment. Conclusions Pre-treatment with SR-A1 antibody can inhibit inflammatory response in LPS-induced macrophages in a NF-κB dependent manner. Pre-treatment with SR-A1 antibody also inhibits M1 phenotype expression of macrophages, and attenuates the pro-apoptotic effect on colonic epithelial cells and disruption of intestinal barrier integrity induced by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Yanyun Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Yinshi Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Shuangting Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Haimei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Lupeng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Yiqun Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Qingwen Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Huaxiu Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Hongzhi Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Jingling Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Jianlin Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
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Wang D, Chen L, Fu Y, Kang Q, Wang X, Ma X, Li X, Sheng J. Avertin affects murine colitis by regulating neutrophils and macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 80:106153. [PMID: 31931369 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Anesthetics are thought to be involved in immunomodulation. Avertin is one of the safest and most commonly used intravenous anesthetics in rodent experiments; it is also widely used in euthanasia of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) models. This study aimed to define the role and mechanism of action of Avertin on murine colitis. We assessed the effects of a single Avertin injection on colitis using the disease activity index (DAI), pathology, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), multiplex-ELISA, flow cytometry, and routine blood examination in wild-type (WT) and dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-treated mice. Although Avertin caused acute cecitis in WT mice after 24 h and aggravated inflammation in the medium term, it alleviated inflammation in the late stage of DSS-induced colitis according to the DAI. Avertin upregulated MPO production and induced the accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages in intestinal mucosa of both WT and DSS-treated mice; the altered MPO might indicate a change in respiratory burst. However, it exhibited a more effective suppression of inflammatory factors secreted by macrophages as the colitis progressed. Avertin led to an increase in neutrophils and decrease in monocytes in both WT and DSS-treated mice blood. Our findings suggest that Avertin aggravates inflammation in the early and medium terms, but alleviates inflammation in the late stage of colitis by regulating neutrophils and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Linxiao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China; Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yanxia Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qian Kang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xianzong Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xuhang Li
- Department of Medicine/GI Division, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21205, United States
| | - Jianqiu Sheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China.
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Choi JY, Kim JH, Hossain FMA, Uyangaa E, Park SO, Kim B, Kim K, Eo SK. Indispensable Role of CX 3CR1 + Dendritic Cells in Regulation of Virus-Induced Neuroinflammation Through Rapid Development of Antiviral Immunity in Peripheral Lymphoid Tissues. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1467. [PMID: 31316515 PMCID: PMC6610490 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A coordinated host immune response mediated via chemokine network plays a crucial role in boosting defense mechanisms against pathogenic infections. The speed of Ag presentation and delivery by CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) to cognate T cells in lymphoid tissues may decide the pathological severity of the infection. Here, we investigated the role of CX3CR1 in the neuroinflammation induced by infection with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a neurotrophic virus. Interestingly, CX3CR1 deficiency strongly enhanced susceptibility to JEV only after peripheral inoculation via footpad. By contrast, both CX3CR1+/+ and CX3CR1-/- mice showed comparable susceptibility to JEV following inoculation via intranasal and intraperitoneal routes. CX3CR1-/- mice exhibited lethal neuroinflammation after JEV inoculation via footpad route, showing high mortality, morbidity, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and uncontrolled CNS-infiltration of peripheral leukocytes including Ly-6Chi monocytes and Ly-6Ghi granulocytes. Furthermore, the absence of CX3CR1+CD11c+ DCs appeared to enhance susceptibility of CX3CR1-/- mice to JE after peripheral JEV inoculation. CX3CR1 ablation impaired the migration of CX3CR1+CD11c+ DCs from JEV-inoculated sites to draining lymph nodes (dLNs), resulting in decreased NK cell activation and JEV-specific CD4+/CD8+ T-cell responses. However, CX3CR1-competent mice showed rapid temporal expression of viral Ags in dLNs. Subsequently, JEV was rapidly cleared, with concomitant generation of antiviral NK cell activation and T-cell responses mediated by rapid migration of JEV Ag+CX3CR1+CD11c+ DCs. Using biallelic functional CX3CR1 expression system, the functional expression of CX3CR1 on CD11chi DCs appeared to be essentially required for inducing rapid and effective responses of NK cell activation and Ag-specific CD4+ T cells in dLNs. Strikingly, adoptive transfer of CX3CR1+CD11c+ DCs was found to completely restore the resistance of CX3CR1-/- recipients to JEV, as corroborated by the rapid delivery of JEV Ags in dLNs and attenuation of neuroinflammation in the CNS. Collectively, these results indicate that CX3CR1+CD11c+ DCs play an important role in generating rapid and effective responses of antiviral NK cell activation and Ag-specific T cells after peripheral inoculation with the virus, thereby resulting in conferring resistance to viral infection by reducing the peripheral viral burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Choi
- Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Jin Hyoung Kim
- Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Ferdaus Mohd Altaf Hossain
- Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea.,Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Erdenebelig Uyangaa
- Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Seong Ok Park
- Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Koanhoi Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, South Korea
| | - Seong Kug Eo
- Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
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Pavlidis S, Monast C, Loza MJ, Branigan P, Chung KF, Adcock IM, Guo Y, Rowe A, Baribaud F. I_MDS: an inflammatory bowel disease molecular activity score to classify patients with differing disease-driving pathways and therapeutic response to anti-TNF treatment. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1006951. [PMID: 31039157 PMCID: PMC6510457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are driven by both common and distinct underlying mechanisms of pathobiology. Both diseases, exhibit heterogeneity underscored by the variable clinical responses to therapeutic interventions. We aimed to identify disease-driving pathways and classify individuals into subpopulations that differ in their pathobiology and response to treatment. We applied hierarchical clustering of enrichment scores derived from gene set variation analysis of signatures representative of various immunological processes and activated cell types, to a colonic biopsy dataset that included healthy volunteers, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis patients. Patient stratification at baseline or after anti-TNF treatment in clinical responders and non-responders was queried. Signatures with significantly different enrichment scores were identified using a general linear model. Comparisons to healthy controls were made at baseline in all participants and then separately in responders and non-responders. Fifty-nine percent of the signatures were commonly enriched in both conditions at baseline, supporting the notion of a disease continuum within ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Signatures included T cells, macrophages, neutrophil activation and poly:IC signatures, representing acute inflammation and a complex mix of potential disease-driving biology. Collectively, identification of significantly enriched signatures allowed establishment of an inflammatory bowel disease molecular activity score which uses biopsy transcriptomics as a surrogate marker to accurately track disease severity. This score separated diseased from healthy samples, enabled discrimination of clinical responders and non-responders at baseline with 100% specificity and 78.8% sensitivity, and was validated in an independent data set that showed comparable classification. Comparing responders and non-responders separately at baseline to controls, 43% and 70% of signatures were enriched, respectively, suggesting greater molecular dysregulation in TNF non-responders at baseline. This methodological approach could facilitate better targeted design of clinical studies to test therapeutics, concentrating on patient subsets sharing similar underlying pathobiology, therefore increasing the likelihood of clinical response. Patients exhibiting similar phenotypical characteristics, diagnosed with the same disease, exhibit variable response to therapeutics. This is a major health care issue, due to the increased patient suffering and the socioeconomical burden that occurs. Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis constitute good examples of inflammatory conditions, with sufferers responding differentially to existent therapeutics. Here, we identified disease-driving pathways and classified individuals into subpopulations that differ in their pathobiology and response to treatment. We utilized gene set variation analysis and transcriptomic data from inflammatory bowel disease sufferers to stratify patients at baseline or after anti-TNF treatment in clinical responders and non-responders. We explored gene signatures obtained from the literature, relevant to immune processes, which were significantly enriched in disease compared to healthy controls, as well as before and after treatment. Using these signatures, we established an inflammatory bowel disease molecular activity score, which allowed us to separate clinical responders and non-responders at baseline with high specificity and sensitivity. We validated the proposed approach in an independent data set, demonstrating comparable classification. This methodological approach may lead to better targeted design of clinical studies, allowing the selection of patient sharing similar underlying pathobiology, thus increasing the likelihood of clinical response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stelios Pavlidis
- Janssen Research & Development Ltd, High Wycombe, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College & Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Calixte Monast
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Loza
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, United States of America
| | | | - Kiang F. Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College & Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M. Adcock
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College & Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yike Guo
- Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Rowe
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, United States of America
| | - Frédéric Baribaud
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Firinci B, Caglar O, Karadeniz E, Ahiskalioglu A, Demirci T, Aydin MD. Mysterious effects of olfactory pathway lesions on intestinal immunodeficiency targeting Peyer's patches: The first experimental study. Med Hypotheses 2019; 125:31-36. [PMID: 30902148 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although olfaction has been considered as important neuroimmunomodulatory foundation, there is no satisfying analytical information between neurohistomorphological features olfactory networks and intestinal immune system hardwares. We studied if the olfactory bulb lesions (OBL) may rely on histopathological features of intestinal lymphatic Peyer's patches in an animal model. METHODS Thirty-two rats were grouped as control (Group I, n = 8), SHAM (Group II, n = 7) and OBL (Group III, n = 17) respectively; and followed eight weeks and animals were decapitated. The olfactory bulbs and intestines were extracted. Specimens stained with hematoxylin/eosin and GFAP methods and analyzed Stereologically to evaluate volume loss of olfactory bulbs and Peyer's patches volumes (PV) of intestines per cubic millimeter and compared with each other's statistically. RESULTS The mean olfactory bulbs volumes were estimated as 3.65 ± 0.32/mm3 in group I, 3.12 ± 0.20/mm3 in group II and 2.21 ± 0.15/mm3 in group III (p < 0.0005 Group III vs. I and II). The mean of PV were estimated as; (9 ± 2) × 106 µm3/cm3 in Group-I, (12 ± 3) × 106 µm3/cm3 in Group-II; and (23 ± 4) × 106 µm3/cm3 in group-III (p < 0.005 Group II vs. I, p < 0.0005 Group III vs. I-II). CONCLUSIONS OBL could rely on intestinal immunodeficiency causing by olfaction loss induced denervation injury of Peyer's patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binali Firinci
- Ataturk University, Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Caglar
- Ataturk University, Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Erdem Karadeniz
- Ataturk University, Medical Faculty, Department of General Surgery, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ali Ahiskalioglu
- Ataturk University, Medical Faculty, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Tuba Demirci
- Ataturk University, Medical Faculty, Department of Histology, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Dumlu Aydin
- Ataturk University, Medical Faculty, Department of Neurosurgery, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Won HY, Lee JY, Ryu D, Kim HT, Chang SY. The Role of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Gut Health. Immune Netw 2019; 19:e6. [PMID: 30838161 PMCID: PMC6399095 DOI: 10.4110/in.2019.19.e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a unique subset of cells with different functional characteristics compared to classical dendritic cells. The pDCs are critical for the production of type I IFN in response to microbial and self-nucleic acids. They have an important role for host defense against viral pathogen infections. In addition, pDCs have been well studied as a critical player for breaking tolerance to self-nucleic acids that induce autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus. However, pDCs have an immunoregulatory role in inducing the immune tolerance by generating Tregs and various regulatory mechanisms in mucosal tissues. Here, we summarize the recent studies of pDCs that focused on the functional characteristics of gut pDCs, including interactions with other immune cells in the gut. Furthermore, the dynamic role of gut pDCs will be investigated with respect to disease status including gut infection, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Yeon Won
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University College of Pharmacy, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Lee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University College of Pharmacy, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - Dahye Ryu
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University College of Pharmacy, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - Hyung-Taek Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University College of Pharmacy, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - Sun-Young Chang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University College of Pharmacy, Suwon, 16499, Korea
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44
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Lohith K, Anu-Appaiah KA. Antagonistic effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae KTP and Issatchenkia occidentalis ApC on hyphal development and adhesion of Candida albicans. Med Mycol 2019; 56:1023-1032. [PMID: 29340656 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphological transition from yeast to a hyphal form, as well as the adhesion capability to the gastrointestinal tract, are implicated virulent determinant in Candida albicans and could be potential targets for prevention of the opportunistic pathogen. Based on this rationale, two yeast strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae KTP and Issatchenkia occidentalis ApC along with reference strain Saccharomyces boulardii NCDC 363 were screened for the probiotic potential. Characters like pH, temperature, bile, simulated gastrointestinal juice tolerance tests, and Caco-2 cell line adhesion assay were determined in the present study. Further, the evaluation of its impact on C. albicans morphological transition and adhesion was assessed using microtitre germ tube test. In terms of probiotic characteristics, both the strains were tolerant to pH 2.5 and the presence of bile (0.3 to 0.6%) with an optimum growth temperature of 37°C. The strain KTP was also resistant to simulated gastric and intestinal juices as compared to control (13% and 41%, respectively) and NCDC 363 (55% and 35%, respectively). In contrast, both the yeasts had reduced adhesiveness to Caco-2 monolayer. Candida virulence in in vitro systems indicated that treatment of live probiotic yeast cells (108 ml) effectively reduced the filamentation and adhesion of C. albicans. The S. cerevisiae KTP had a profound effect on the hyphal development and adhesion when compared to the ApC and NCDC 363. The strain significantly reduced (P < .05) the hyphal growth in co-cultivated (93% and 94%, respectively) and pre-existing hyphae (54% and 68%) of strains C. albicans 183 and 1151. Isolates KTP and ApC also reduced the adhesion (≈ 22% and 41%, respectively) and transition of blastoconidia at two hours of incubation in abiotic surface. This study provides knowledge on the effect of potential probiotic yeasts such as Saccharomyces and non- Saccharomyces strains against virulence characteristic of Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lohith
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru-570020, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru-570020, India
| | - K A Anu-Appaiah
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru-570020, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru-570020, India
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Khan S, Imran A, Malik A, Chaudhary AA, Rub A, Jan AT, Syed JB, Rolfo C. Bacterial imbalance and gut pathologies: Association and contribution of E. coli in inflammatory bowel disease. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2018; 56:1-17. [DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2018.1517144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahanavaj Khan
- Nanomedicine Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Bioscience, Shri Ram Group of College (SRGC), Muzaffarnagar, India
| | - Ahamad Imran
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Malik
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anis Ahmad Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdur Rub
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jakeera Begum Syed
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department and Multidisciplinary Oncology Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
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46
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Farzaei MH, El-Senduny FF, Momtaz S, Parvizi F, Iranpanah A, Tewari D, Naseri R, Abdolghaffari AH, Rezaei N. An update on dietary consideration in inflammatory bowel disease: anthocyanins and more. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 12:1007-1024. [PMID: 30136591 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2018.1513322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory disorder. A wealth of data pointed out that various aspects of chronic inflammation may be affected by several specific dietary factors. This paper calls attention to anthocyanins enriched plant food and anthocyanin dietary supplements, whose role in the management of IBD and its associated oncogenesis deems crucial. Area covered: We updated the most relevant dietary anthocyanins with potential anti-colitis and preventive effect on inflammatory associated colorectal cancer based on the recent animal and human researches along with revealing the major cellular and molecular mechanisms of action. Mounting evidence reported that anthocyanins enriched plant foods perform their protective role on IBD and inflammatory-induced colorectal cancer via different cellular transduction signaling pathways, including inflammatory transcription factors, SAPK/JNK and p38 MAPK cascade, JAK/STAT signaling, NF-kB/pERK/MAPK, Wnt signaling pathway, Nrf2 cytoprotective pathway as well as AMPK pathway and autophagy. Expert commentary: Combination of anthocyanins enriched dietary supplements with existing medications can provide new therapeutic options for IBD patients. Further, well-designed randomized control trials (RCTs) are essential to evaluate the role of anthocyanins enriched medicinal foods as well as isolated anthocyanin components as promising preventive and therapeutic dietary agents for IBD and its associated oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- a Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran
| | - Fardous F El-Senduny
- b Biochemistry division, Chemistry Department , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- c Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,d Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Fatemeh Parvizi
- e Medical Biology Research Center , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran
| | - Amin Iranpanah
- f Students research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran.,g PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG) , Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Kermanshah , Iran
| | - Devesh Tewari
- h Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Bhimtal Campus , Kumaun University , Nainital , Uttarakhand , India
| | - Rozita Naseri
- a Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- c Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,d Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,i Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran.,j Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG) , Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- k Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,l Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,m Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA) , Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Tehran , Iran
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Quantification and functional evaluation of CD40L production from the adenovirus vector ONCOS-401. Cancer Gene Ther 2018; 26:26-31. [PMID: 30057416 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-018-0038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive immunity involves activation of T cells via antigen presentation by antigen presenting cells (APCs) along with the action of co-stimulatory molecules and pattern recognition receptors. Cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40) is one such costimulatory molecule that is expressed on APCs that binds to CD40 ligand (CD40L) on T helper cells and activates a signaling cascade, subsequently resulting in a wide range of immune and inflammatory responses. Considering its important role in regulation of immune response, CD40/40 L has been used for developing antitumor vaccines. In this study, we developed methods for evaluating and quantifying the activity of CD40L expressed from an adenovirus vector ONCOS-401. Our results show that the ONCOS-401 vector produces functional CD40L, which can bind and activate a NF-κB-dependent signaling cascade, leading to secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase reporter production in HEK293-BLUE cells. In addition, quantification of CD40L production using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and HEK-293 BLUE reporter cells showed reproducibly higher recovery of CD40L from ONCOS-401 than from the negative control vector or uninfected cells with consistent inter and intra-assay precision. Thus, a rapid and easy method for quantifying and assessing CD40L production and activity from adenovirus vectors would support the assessment of efficacy of the vector for gene therapy - this was the objective of our study.
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48
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Jahnsen FL, Bækkevold ES, Hov JR, Landsverk OJ. Do Long-Lived Plasma Cells Maintain a Healthy Microbiota in the Gut? Trends Immunol 2018; 39:196-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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49
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Lim D, Kim W, Lee C, Bae H, Kim J. Macrophage Depletion Protects against Cigarette Smoke-Induced Inflammatory Response in the Mouse Colon and Lung. Front Physiol 2018; 9:47. [PMID: 29483875 PMCID: PMC5816061 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is considered as a major risk factor for pulmonary and intestinal inflammation. CS leads to macrophage infiltration in the mucosae of the lung and colon, inducing the uncontrolled secretion of inflammatory mediators, and thus promoting inflammatory response. In this study, we investigated whether macrophage depletion modulates cigarette smoke (CS)-induced inflammatory response in both the lung and colon. The mice were exposed to CS for 30 min, after which they were rested in a fresh air environment for 30 min. The total duration of exposure to CS was 2 h per day for 4 weeks. Macrophage depletion state was made with the injection of clodronate containing liposome. Individual body weights were measured twice a week, and the mice were sacrificed on day 28. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed in the lung and colon tissue to determine histological changes. Inflammatory mediators' synthesis was analyzed using ELISA and western blotting. Clodronate liposome treatment ameliorated pathological changes associated with the infiltration of immune cells in the lung and colon. Also, clodronate liposome injected mice showed significantly lower level of inflammatory mediators, including cytokines and chemokine and proteases. Our results indicated that macrophage depletion by clodronate liposome treatment attenuates CS-induced inflammatory response in both the lung and colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahae Lim
- Department of Korean Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woogyeong Kim
- Department of Korean Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chanju Lee
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinju Kim
- Department of Korean Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Maruszewska-Cheruiyot M, Donskow-Łysoniewska K, Doligalska M. Helminth Therapy: Advances in the use of Parasitic Worms Against Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and its Challenges. Helminthologia 2018; 55:1-11. [PMID: 31662622 PMCID: PMC6799527 DOI: 10.1515/helm-2017-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of modern medicine and better living conditions in the 20th century helped in reducing a number of cases of infectious diseases. During the same time, expansion of autoimmunological disorders was noticed. Among other are Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease which are chronic and relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Absence of effective treatment in standard therapies effects the search for alternative opportunities. As per hygienic hypothesis increasing number of cases of autoimmune diseases is as a result of reduced exposure to pathogens, especially parasites. Thus, one of the promising remedial acts against IBD and other allergic and autoimmune disorders is "helminth therapy". Cure with helminths seems to be the most effective therapy of IBD currently proposed. Helminth therapy focuses on advantageous results that have been obtained from the clinical trials, but its mechanisms are still unclear. Explanation of this phenomenon would help to develop new drugs against IBD based on helminth immunomodulatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Maruszewska-Cheruiyot
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Biology University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096Warsaw, Poland
- E-mail:
| | - K. Donskow-Łysoniewska
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Biology University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. Doligalska
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Biology University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096Warsaw, Poland
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