1
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Chan HH, Fisher BM, Oimoen MA, Chintada L, Khanna H, Sonneborn CA, Hogue O, Machado AG, Baker KB. Carry-Over Effect of Deep Cerebellar Stimulation-Mediated Motor Recovery in a Rodent Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2024:15459683241277194. [PMID: 39215643 DOI: 10.1177/15459683241277194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated that deep brain stimulation (DBS) of lateral cerebellar nucleus (LCN) can enhance motor recovery and functional reorganization of perilesional cortex in rodent models of stroke or TBI. OBJECTIVE Considering the treatment-related neuroplasticity observed at the perilesional cortex, we hypothesize that chronic LCN DBS-enhanced motor recovery observed will carry-over even after DBS has been deactivated. METHODS Here, we directly tested the enduring effects of LCN DBS in male Long Evans rats that underwent controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury targeting sensorimotor cortex opposite their dominant forepaw followed by unilateral implantation of a macroelectrode into the LCN opposite the lesion. Animals were randomized to DBS or sham treatment for 4 weeks during which the motor performance were characterize by behavioral metrics. After 4 weeks, stimulation was turned off, with assessments continuing for an additional 2 weeks. Afterward, all animals were euthanized, and tissue was harvested for further analyses. RESULTS Treated animals showed significantly greater motor improvement across all behavioral metrics relative to untreated animals during the 4-week treatment, with functional gains persisting across 2-week post-treatment. This motor recovery was associated with the increase in CaMKIIα and BDNF positive cell density across perilesional cortex in treated animals. CONCLUSIONS LCN DBS enhanced post-TBI motor recovery, the effect of which was persisted up to 2 weeks beyond stimulation offset. Such evidence should be considered in relation to future translational efforts as, unlike typical DBS applications, treatment may only need to be provided until such time as a new function plateau is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh H Chan
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Brittany M Fisher
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Margaret A Oimoen
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Latavya Chintada
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hemen Khanna
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Claire A Sonneborn
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Olivia Hogue
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - André G Machado
- Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kenneth B Baker
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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2
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Yoo J, Shin JC, Lim KB, Kim SH, Kim HS, Kim SH, Baek D, Jo S, Kim J, Baek A, Cho SR. Exposure to an enriched environment modulates the synaptic vesicle cycle in a mouse spinal cord injury model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11946. [PMID: 38789574 PMCID: PMC11126684 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to motor and sensory impairment below the site of injury, thereby necessitating rehabilitation. An enriched environment (EE) increases social interaction and locomotor activity in a mouse model, similar to human rehabilitation. However, the impact of EE on presynaptic plasticity in gene expression levels remains unclear. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of EE in an SCI mouse model. Mice with spinal cord contusion were divided into two groups: those housed in standard cages (control) and those in EE conditions (EE). Each group was housed separately for either 2- or 8-weeks post-injury, after which RNA sequencing was performed and compared to a sham group (receiving only a dorsal laminectomy). The synaptic vesicle cycle (SVC) pathway and related genes showed significant downregulation after SCI at both time points. Subsequently, we investigated whether exposure to EE for 2- and 8-weeks post-SCI could modulate the SVC pathway and its related genes. Notably, exposure to EE for 8 weeks resulted in a marked reversal effect of SVC-related gene expression, along with stimulation of axon regeneration and mitigation of locomotor activity loss. Thus, prolonged exposure to EE increased presynaptic activity, fostering axon regeneration and functional improvement by modulating the SVC in the SCI mouse model. These findings suggest that EE exposure proves effective in inducing activity-dependent plasticity, offering a promising therapeutic approach akin to rehabilitation training in patients with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeehyun Yoo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Cheol Shin
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kil-Byung Lim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Se Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Dawoon Baek
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Seongmoon Jo
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinyoung Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ahreum Baek
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea.
| | - Sung-Rae Cho
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Rehabilitation Institute of Neuromuscular Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Lemieux M, Karimi N, Bretzner F. Functional plasticity of glutamatergic neurons of medullary reticular nuclei after spinal cord injury in mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1542. [PMID: 38378819 PMCID: PMC10879492 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45300-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury disrupts the descending command from the brain and causes a range of motor deficits. Here, we use optogenetic tools to investigate the functional plasticity of the glutamatergic reticulospinal drive of the medullary reticular formation after a lateral thoracic hemisection in female mice. Sites evoking stronger excitatory descending drive in intact conditions are the most impaired after injury, whereas those associated with a weaker drive are potentiated. After lesion, pro- and anti-locomotor activities (that is, initiation/acceleration versus stop/deceleration) are overall preserved. Activating the descending reticulospinal drive improves stepping ability on a flat surface of chronically impaired injured mice, and its priming enhances recovery of skilled locomotion on a horizontal ladder. This study highlights the resilience and capacity for reorganization of the glutamatergic reticulospinal command after injury, along with its suitability as a therapeutical target to promote functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Lemieux
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, CHUL-Neurosciences, 2705 Boul. Laurier, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Narges Karimi
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, CHUL-Neurosciences, 2705 Boul. Laurier, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Frederic Bretzner
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, CHUL-Neurosciences, 2705 Boul. Laurier, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
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4
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Loppi SH, Tavera-Garcia MA, Scholpa NE, Maiyo BK, Becktel DA, Morrison HW, Schnellmann RG, Doyle KP. Boosting Mitochondrial Biogenesis Diminishes Foam Cell Formation in the Post-Stroke Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16632. [PMID: 38068955 PMCID: PMC10706318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Following ischemic stroke, the degradation of myelin and other cellular membranes surpasses the lipid-processing capabilities of resident microglia and infiltrating macrophages. This imbalance leads to foam cell formation in the infarct and areas of secondary neurodegeneration, instigating sustained inflammation and furthering neurological damage. Given that mitochondria are the primary sites of fatty acid metabolism, augmenting mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) may enhance lipid processing, curtailing foam cell formation and post-stroke chronic inflammation. Previous studies have shown that the pharmacological activation of the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) stimulates MB. Consequently, our study sought to discern the effects of intensified β2-AR signaling on MB, the processing of brain lipid debris, and neurological outcome using a mouse stroke model. To achieve this goal, aged mice were treated with formoterol, a long-acting β2-AR agonist, daily for two and eight weeks following stroke. Formoterol increased MB in the infarct region, modified fatty acid metabolism, and reduced foam cell formation. However, it did not reduce markers of post-stroke neurodegeneration or improve recovery. Although our findings indicate that enhancing MB in myeloid cells can aid in the processing of brain lipid debris after stroke, it is important to note that boosting MB alone may not be sufficient to significantly impact stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna H. Loppi
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (S.H.L.); (M.A.T.-G.); (B.K.M.); (D.A.B.)
| | - Marco A. Tavera-Garcia
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (S.H.L.); (M.A.T.-G.); (B.K.M.); (D.A.B.)
| | - Natalie E. Scholpa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (N.E.S.); (R.G.S.)
| | - Boaz K. Maiyo
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (S.H.L.); (M.A.T.-G.); (B.K.M.); (D.A.B.)
| | - Danielle A. Becktel
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (S.H.L.); (M.A.T.-G.); (B.K.M.); (D.A.B.)
| | | | - Rick G. Schnellmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (N.E.S.); (R.G.S.)
- BIO5 Institute, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- R. Ken Coit Center for Longevity and Neurotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Kristian P. Doyle
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (S.H.L.); (M.A.T.-G.); (B.K.M.); (D.A.B.)
- BIO5 Institute, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- Arizona Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- Department of Psychology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
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5
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Štepánková K, Chudíčková M, Šimková Z, Martinez-Varea N, Kubinová Š, Urdzíková LM, Jendelová P, Kwok JCF. Low oral dose of 4-methylumbelliferone reduces glial scar but is insufficient to induce functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19183. [PMID: 37932336 PMCID: PMC10628150 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46539-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) induces the upregulation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) at the glial scar and inhibits neuroregeneration. Under normal physiological condition, CSPGs interact with hyaluronan (HA) and other extracellular matrix on the neuronal surface forming a macromolecular structure called perineuronal nets (PNNs) which regulate neuroplasticity. 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) is a known inhibitor for HA synthesis but has not been tested in SCI. We first tested the effect of 4-MU in HA reduction in uninjured rats. After 8 weeks of 4-MU administration at a dose of 1.2 g/kg/day, we have not only observed a reduction of HA in the uninjured spinal cords but also a down-regulation of CS glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAGs). In order to assess the effect of 4-MU in chronic SCI, six weeks after Th8 spinal contusion injury, rats were fed with 4-MU or placebo for 8 weeks in combination with daily treadmill rehabilitation for 16 weeks to promote neuroplasticity. 4-MU treatment reduced the HA synthesis by astrocytes around the lesion site and increased sprouting of 5-hydroxytryptamine fibres into ventral horns. However, the current dose was not sufficient to suppress CS-GAG up-regulation induced by SCI. Further adjustment on the dosage will be required to benefit functional recovery after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Štepánková
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 1083, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Neuroscience, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine, 15006, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Milada Chudíčková
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 1083, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Šimková
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 1083, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Noelia Martinez-Varea
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 1083, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Neuroscience, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine, 15006, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Kubinová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 1083, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 21, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Machová Urdzíková
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 1083, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Neuroscience, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine, 15006, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavla Jendelová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 1083, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Neuroscience, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine, 15006, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jessica C F Kwok
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 1083, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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6
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Molina LA, Milla-Cruz JJ, Ghavasieh Z, Kim LH, Cheng N, Whelan PJ. High-throughput gait acquisition system for freely moving mice. J Neurophysiol 2023; 130:1081-1091. [PMID: 37728487 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00133.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal and pathological locomotion can be discriminated by analyzing an animal's gait on a linear walkway. This step is labor intensive and introduces experimental bias due to the handling involved while placing and removing the animal between trials. We designed a system consisting of a runway embedded within a larger arena, which can be traversed ad libitum by unsupervised, freely moving mice, triggering the recording of short clips of locomotor activity. Multiple body parts were tracked using DeepLabCut and fed to an analysis pipeline (GaitGrapher) to extract gait metrics. We compared the results from unsupervised against the standard experimenter-supervised approach and found that gait parameters analyzed via the new approach were similar to a previously validated approach (Visual Gait Lab). These data show the utility of incorporating an unsupervised, automated, approach for collecting kinematic data for gait analysis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The acquisition and analysis of walkway data is a time-consuming task. Here, we provide an unmonitored approach for collecting gait metrics that reduces the handling and stress of mice and saves time. A detailed pipeline is outlined that provides for the collection and analysis of data using an integrated suite of tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo A Molina
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonathan J Milla-Cruz
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zahra Ghavasieh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Linda H Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ning Cheng
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Patrick J Whelan
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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7
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Zheng J, Zhang C, Wu Y, Zhang C, Che Y, Zhang W, Yang Y, Zhu J, Yang L, Wang Y. Controlled Decompression Alleviates Motor Dysfunction by Regulating Microglial Polarization via the HIF-1α Signaling Pathway in Intracranial Hypertension. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5607-5623. [PMID: 37328678 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03416-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is a major form of surgery that is used to reduce intracranial hypertension (IH), the most frequent cause of death and disability following severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) and stroke. Our previous research showed that controlled decompression (CDC) was more effective than rapid decompression (RDC) with regard to reducing the incidence of complications and improving outcomes after sTBI; however, the specific mechanisms involved have yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the effects of CDC in regulating inflammation after IH and attempted to identify the mechanisms involved. Analysis showed that CDC was more effective than RDC in alleviating motor dysfunction and neuronal death in a rat model of traumatic intracranial hypertension (TIH) created by epidural balloon pressurization. Moreover, RDC induced M1 microglia polarization and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, CDC treatment resulted in microglia primarily polarizing into the M2 phenotype and induced the significant release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Mechanistically, the establishment of the TIH model led to the increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α); CDC ameliorated cerebral hypoxia and reduced the expression of HIF-1α. In addition, 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME2), a specific inhibitor of HIF-1α, significantly attenuated RDC-induced inflammation and improved motor function by promoting M1 to M2 phenotype transformation in microglial and enhancing the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, dimethyloxaloylglycine (DMOG), an agonist of HIF-1α, abrogated the protective effects of CDC treatment by suppressing M2 microglia polarization and the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, our results indicated that CDC effectively alleviated IH-induced inflammation, neuronal death, and motor dysfunction by regulating HIF-1α-mediated microglial phenotype polarization. Our findings provide a better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the protective effects of CDC and promote clinical translational research for HIF-1α in IH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenxu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yonghui Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chonghui Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Che
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Likun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yuhai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu, China.
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8
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Powers BE, Ton ST, Farrer RG, Chaudhary S, Nockels RP, Kartje GL, Tsai SY. Anti-Nogo-A Antibody Therapy Improves Functional Outcome Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2023; 37:682-693. [PMID: 37837331 PMCID: PMC10843026 DOI: 10.1177/15459683231203194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause sensorimotor deficits, and recovery is slow and incomplete. There are no effective pharmacological treatments for recovery from TBI, but research indicates potential for anti-Nogo-A antibody (Ab) therapy. This Ab neutralizes Nogo-A, an endogenous transmembrane protein that inhibits neuronal plasticity and regeneration. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that anti-Nogo-A Ab treatment following TBI results in disinhibited axonal growth from the contralesional cortex, the establishment of new compensatory neuronal connections, and improved function. METHODS We modeled TBI in rats using the controlled cortical impact method, resulting in focal brain damage and motor deficits like those observed in humans with a moderate cortical TBI. Rats were trained on the skilled forelimb reaching task and the horizontal ladder rung walking task. They were then given a TBI, targeting the caudal forelimb motor cortex, and randomly divided into 3 groups: TBI-only, TBI + Anti-Nogo-A Ab, and TBI + Control Ab. Testing resumed 3 days after TBI and continued for 8 weeks, when rats received an injection of the anterograde neuronal tracer, biotinylated dextran amine (BDA), into the corresponding area contralateral to the TBI. RESULTS We observed significant improvement in rats that received anti-Nogo-A Ab treatment post-TBI compared to controls. Analysis of BDA-positive axons revealed that anti-Nogo-A Ab treatment resulted in cortico-rubral plasticity to the deafferented red nucleus. Conclusions. Anti-Nogo-A Ab treatment may improve functional recovery via neuronal plasticity to brain areas important for skilled movements, and this treatment shows promise to improve outcomes in humans who have suffered a TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E Powers
- Edward Hines Jr. Veteran Affairs Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
| | - Son T Ton
- Edward Hines Jr. Veteran Affairs Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Russ P Nockels
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Gwendolyn L Kartje
- Edward Hines Jr. Veteran Affairs Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Loyola University Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Shih-Yen Tsai
- Edward Hines Jr. Veteran Affairs Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
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9
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Kim S, Ochoa K, Melli SE, Yousufzai FAK, Barrera ZD, Williams AA, McIntyre G, Delgado E, Bolish JN, Macleod CM, Boghos M, Lens HP, Ramos AG, Wilson VB, Maloney K, Padron ZM, Khan AH, Blanco RE, Soto I. Disruptive lysosomal-metabolic signaling and neurodevelopmental deficits that precede Purkinje cell loss in a mouse model of Niemann-Pick Type-C disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5665. [PMID: 37024714 PMCID: PMC10079843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32971-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purkinje cell (PC) loss occurs at an early age in patients and animal models of Niemann-Pick Type C (NPC), a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the Npc1 or Npc2 genes. Although degeneration of PCs occurs early in NPC, little is known about how NPC1 deficiency affects the postnatal development of PCs. Using the Npc1nmf164 mouse model, we found that NPC1 deficiency significantly affected the postnatal development of PC dendrites and synapses. The developing dendrites of Npc1nmf164 PCs were significantly deficient in mitochondria and lysosomes. Furthermore, anabolic (mTORC1) and catabolic (TFEB) signaling pathways were not only perturbed but simultaneously activated in NPC1-deficient PCs, suggesting a loss of metabolic balance. We also found that mice with conditional heterozygous deletion of the Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Deleted on Chromosome 10 gene (Pten-cHet), an inhibitor of mTORC1, showed similar early dendritic alterations in PCs to those found in Npc1-deficient mice. However, in contrast to Npc1nmf164 mice, Pten-cHet mice exhibited the overactivation of the mTORC1 pathway but with a strong inhibition of TFEB signaling, along with no dendritic mitochondrial reductions by the end of their postnatal development. Our data suggest that disruption of the lysosomal-metabolic signaling in PCs causes dendritic and synaptic developmental deficits that precede and promote their early degeneration in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Kathleen Ochoa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Sierra E Melli
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Fawad A K Yousufzai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Zerian D Barrera
- Department of Biological Science, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Aela A Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Gianna McIntyre
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Esteban Delgado
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - James N Bolish
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | | | - Mary Boghos
- Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Hayden P Lens
- Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Alex G Ramos
- Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Vincent B Wilson
- Department of Biological Science, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Kelly Maloney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Zachary M Padron
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Amaal H Khan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Rosa E Blanco
- The Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Ileana Soto
- Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, RI, USA.
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10
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Karvat J, Andrade TES, Kraus SI, Beppler LM, de Jesus GDSC, Ferreira JB, da Silva MD. Drug repositioning: diacerein as a new therapeutic approach in a mice model of sciatic nerve injury. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:358-375. [PMID: 36809646 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00461-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral nerve injuries negatively impact the quality of life of patients, with no effective treatment available that accelerates sensorimotor recovery and promotes functional improvement and pain relief. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diacerein (DIA) in an experimental mice model of sciatic nerve crush. METHOD In this study, male Swiss mice were used, randomly separated into six groups as follows: FO (false-operated + vehicle); FO + DIA (false-operated + diacerein 30 mg/kg); SNI (sciatic nerve injury + vehicle); SNI + DIA in doses of 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg (sciatic nerve injury + treatment with diacerein in doses of 3-30 mg/kg). DIA or vehicle was administered 24 h after the surgical procedure, intragastrically, twice a day. The lesion of the right sciatic nerve was generated by crush. RESULTS We found that the treatment of animals with DIA accelerated sensorimotor recovery of the animal. In addition, animals in the sciatic nerve injury + vehicle (SNI) group showed hopelessness, anhedonia, and lack of well-being, which were significantly inhibited by DIA treatment. The SNI group showed a reduction in the diameters of nerve fibers, axons, and myelin sheaths, while DIA treatment recovered all these parameters. In addition, the treatment of animals with DIA prevented an increase the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and a reduction in the levels of the brain-derived growth factor (BDNF). CONCLUSIONS Treatment with DIA reduces hypersensitivity and depression like behaviors in animals. Furthermore, DIA promotes functional recovery and regulates IL-1β and BDNF concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhenifer Karvat
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation (LANDI), Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.,Program of Post-Graduation in Neuroscience, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Tassiane Emanuelle Servare Andrade
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation (LANDI), Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.,Program of Post-Graduation in Neuroscience, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Scheila Iria Kraus
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation (LANDI), Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.,Program of Post-Graduation in Neuroscience, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Larissa May Beppler
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation (LANDI), Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Dos Santos Catarina de Jesus
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation (LANDI), Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Jeane Bachi Ferreira
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation (LANDI), Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Morgana Duarte da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation (LANDI), Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil. .,Program of Post-Graduation in Neuroscience, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
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11
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Lee HY, Song SY, Hwang J, Baek A, Baek D, Kim SH, Park JH, Choi S, Pyo S, Cho SR. Very early environmental enrichment protects against apoptosis and improves functional recovery from hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 15:1019173. [PMID: 36824441 PMCID: PMC9942523 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1019173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Appropriate rehabilitation of stroke patients at a very early phase results in favorable outcomes. However, the optimal strategy for very early rehabilitation is at present unclear due to the limited knowledge on the effects of very early initiation of rehabilitation based on voluntary exercise (VE). Environmental enrichment (EE) is a therapeutic paradigm for laboratory animals that involves complex combinations of physical, cognitive, and social stimuli, as well as VE. Few studies delineated the effect of EE on apoptosis in very early stroke in an experimental model. Although a minimal benefit of early rehabilitation in stroke models has been claimed in previous studies, these were based on a forced exercise paradigm. The aim of this study is to determine whether very early exposure to EE can effectively regulate Fas/FasL-mediated apoptosis following hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury and improve neurobehavioral function. C57Bl/6 mice were housed for 2 weeks in either cages with EE or standard cages (SC) 3 h or 72 h after HI brain injury. Very early exposure to EE was associated with greater improvement in motor function and cognitive ability, reduced volume of the infarcted area, decreased mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, and decreased oxidative stress. Very early exposure to EE significantly downregulated Fas/FasL-mediated apoptosis, decreased expression of Fas, Fas-associated death domain, cleaved caspase-8/caspase-8, cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3, as well as Bax and Bcl-2, in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus. Delayed exposure to EE, on the other hand, failed to inhibit the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis. This study demonstrates that very early exposure to EE is a potentially useful therapeutic translation for stroke rehabilitation through effective inhibition of the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoo Young Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea,National Traffic Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea,Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Young Song
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Hwang
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahreum Baek
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dawoon Baek
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Park
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation Institute of Neuromuscular Disease, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungchul Choi
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonil Pyo
- Neuracle Science Co. Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Rae Cho
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Rehabilitation Institute of Neuromuscular Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,*Correspondence: Sung-Rae Cho, ✉
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12
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Chu TH, Midha R. Behavioral and axon histomorphometric analyses after intraneural transplantation of human skin- and nerve-derived Schwann cells in nude rats. Muscle Nerve 2023; 67:177-181. [PMID: 36507578 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS We have recently isolated and expanded skin-derived Schwann cells (Sk-SCs) from human skin and showed that they are largely similar to nerve-derived Schwann cells (N-SCs). Here, we extend our investigation into functional assessments of the nude rats that received human Sk-SCs and N-SCs after intraneural delivery into crushed and decellularized tibial nerve in adult nude rats. METHODS Sk-SCs, N-SCs, dermal fibroblasts, or control culture medium was injected into the crushed and decellularized tibial nerve using in situ repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Animals were then subjected to a ladder rung walking test, nociceptive von Frey testing, and walking gait analysis weekly. Animals were euthanized 6 weeks after surgery, gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were weighed, distal nerves were harvested, and whole semithin cross-sections were analyzed using segmentation software. RESULTS N-SC-injected and dermal fibroblast-injected animals improved significantly at 4 to 6 weeks postinjury in nociceptive assessment compared with medium-injected controls. Sk-SCs recovered more rapidly in tibial functional index at 2 weeks postinjury compared with medium-injected controls. No significant difference was observed for the ladder rung walking test or muscle weight ratio. Histologically, the number of myelinated axons was significantly higher in all cell injection groups compared with medium-injected controls. No significant difference was observed in g ratio, axon diameter, or myelin thickness. DISCUSSION Cell injection significantly improved axon regeneration across an in situ decellularized nerve segment. However, a more human cell-permissive animal model is required to delineate functional differences between cell types for preclinical transplantation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tak-Ho Chu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rajiv Midha
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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13
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Aljović A, Jacobi A, Marcantoni M, Kagerer F, Loy K, Kendirli A, Bräutigam J, Fabbio L, Van Steenbergen V, Pleśniar K, Kerschensteiner M, Bareyre FM. Synaptogenic gene therapy with FGF22 improves circuit plasticity and functional recovery following spinal cord injury. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e16111. [PMID: 36601738 PMCID: PMC9906383 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional recovery following incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) depends on the rewiring of motor circuits during which supraspinal connections form new contacts onto spinal relay neurons. We have recently identified a critical role of the presynaptic organizer FGF22 for the formation of new synapses in the remodeling spinal cord. Here, we now explore whether and how targeted overexpression of FGF22 can be used to mitigate the severe functional consequences of SCI. By targeting FGF22 expression to either long propriospinal neurons, excitatory interneurons, or a broader population of interneurons, we establish that FGF22 can enhance neuronal rewiring both in a circuit-specific and comprehensive way. We can further demonstrate that the latter approach can restore functional recovery when applied either on the day of the lesion or within 24 h. Our study thus establishes viral gene transfer of FGF22 as a new synaptogenic treatment for SCI and defines a critical therapeutic window for its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almir Aljović
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany,Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of MedicineLMU MunichPlaneggGermany,Graduate School of Systemic NeurosciencesLMU MunichPlaneggGermany
| | - Anne Jacobi
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany,Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of MedicineLMU MunichPlaneggGermany,Present address:
F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Maite Marcantoni
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany,Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of MedicineLMU MunichPlaneggGermany
| | - Fritz Kagerer
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany,Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of MedicineLMU MunichPlaneggGermany,Elite Graduate Program M.Sc. Biomedical NeuroscienceTUMMunichGermany
| | - Kristina Loy
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany,Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of MedicineLMU MunichPlaneggGermany
| | - Arek Kendirli
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany,Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of MedicineLMU MunichPlaneggGermany,Graduate School of Systemic NeurosciencesLMU MunichPlaneggGermany
| | - Jonas Bräutigam
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany,Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of MedicineLMU MunichPlaneggGermany
| | - Luca Fabbio
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany,Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of MedicineLMU MunichPlaneggGermany
| | - Valérie Van Steenbergen
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany,Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of MedicineLMU MunichPlaneggGermany
| | - Katarzyna Pleśniar
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany,Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of MedicineLMU MunichPlaneggGermany
| | - Martin Kerschensteiner
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany,Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of MedicineLMU MunichPlaneggGermany,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy)MunichGermany
| | - Florence M Bareyre
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany,Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of MedicineLMU MunichPlaneggGermany,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy)MunichGermany
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14
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Schiavo A, Martins LA, Wearick-Silva LE, Orso R, Xavier LL, Mestriner RG. Can anxiety-like behavior and spatial memory predict the extremes of skilled walking performance in mice? An exploratory, preliminary study. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1059029. [PMID: 36926582 PMCID: PMC10011164 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1059029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Skilled walking is influenced by memory, stress, and anxiety. While this is evident in cases of neurological disorders, memory, and anxiety traits may predict skilled walking performance even in normal functioning. Here, we address whether spatial memory and anxiety-like behavior can predict skilled walking performance in mice. Methods A cohort of 60 adult mice underwent a behavioral assessment including general exploration (open field), anxiety-like behavior (elevated plus maze), working and spatial memory (Y-maze and Barnes maze), and skilled walking performance (ladder walking test). Three groups were established based on their skilled walking performance: superior (SP, percentiles ≥75), regular (RP, percentiles 74-26), and inferior (IP, percentiles ≤25) performers. Results Animals from the SP and IP groups spent more time in the elevated plus maze closed arms compared to the RP group. With every second spent in the elevated plus maze closed arms, the probability of the animal exhibiting extreme percentiles in the ladder walking test increased by 1.4%. Moreover, animals that spent 219 s (73% of the total time of the test) or more in those arms were 4.67 times more likely to exhibit either higher or lower percentiles of skilled walking performance. Discussion We discuss and conclude anxiety traits may influence skilled walking performance in facility-reared mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniuska Schiavo
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Neuroplasticity and Rehabilitation Research Group (NEUROPLAR), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas Athaydes Martins
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Neuroplasticity and Rehabilitation Research Group (NEUROPLAR), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luís Eduardo Wearick-Silva
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Orso
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Léder Leal Xavier
- Neuroplasticity and Rehabilitation Research Group (NEUROPLAR), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Régis Gemerasca Mestriner
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Neuroplasticity and Rehabilitation Research Group (NEUROPLAR), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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15
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Simmons DA, Belichenko NP, Longo FM. Pharmacological Co-Activation of TrkB and TrkC Receptor Signaling Ameliorates Striatal Neuropathology and Motor Deficits in Mouse Models of Huntington's Disease. J Huntingtons Dis 2023; 12:215-239. [PMID: 37638447 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-230589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of neurotrophic support in the striatum, particularly reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, contributes importantly to Huntington's disease (HD) pathogenesis. Another neurotrophin (NT), NT-3, is reduced in the cortex of HD patients; however, its role in HD is unknown. BDNF and NT-3 bind with high affinity to the tropomyosin receptor-kinases (Trk) B and TrkC, respectively. Targeting TrkB/TrkC may be an effective HD therapeutic strategy, as multiple links exist between their signaling pathways and HD degenerative mechanisms. We developed a small molecule ligand, LM22B-10, that activates TrkB and TrkC to promote cell survival. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine if upregulating TrkB/TrkC signaling with LM22B-10 would alleviate the HD phenotype in R6/2 and Q140 mice. METHODS LM22B-10 was delivered by concomitant intranasal-intraperitoneal routes to R6/2 and Q140 mice and then motor performance and striatal pathology were evaluated. RESULTS NT-3 levels, TrkB/TrkC phosphorylation, and AKT signaling were reduced in the R6/2 striatum; LM22B-10 counteracted these deficits. LM22B-10 also reduced intranuclear huntingtin aggregates, dendritic spine loss, microglial activation, and degeneration of dopamine- and cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein with a molecular weight of 32 kDa (DARPP-32) and parvalbumin-containing neurons in the R6/2 and/or Q140 striatum. Moreover, both HD mouse models showed improved motor performance after LM22B-10 treatment. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal an NT-3/TrkC signaling deficiency in the striatum of R6/2 mice, support the idea that targeting TrkB/TrkC alleviates HD-related neurodegeneration and motor dysfunction, and suggest a novel, disease-modifying, multi-target strategy for treating HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Simmons
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nadia P Belichenko
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Frank M Longo
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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16
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Weber RZ, Mulders G, Perron P, Tackenberg C, Rust R. Molecular and anatomical roadmap of stroke pathology in immunodeficient mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1080482. [PMID: 36569903 PMCID: PMC9785704 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1080482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke remains a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. It has become apparent that inflammation and immune mediators have a pre-dominant role in initial tissue damage and long-term recovery. Still, different immunosuppressed mouse models are necessary in stroke research e.g., to evaluate therapies using human cell grafts. Despite mounting evidence delineating the importance of inflammation in the stroke pathology, it is poorly described to what extent immune deficiency influences overall stroke outcome. Methods Here, we assessed the stroke pathology of popular genetic immunodeficient mouse models, i.e., NOD scid gamma (NSG) and recombination activating gene 2 (Rag2-/-) mice as well as pharmacologically immunosuppressed mice and compared them to immune competent, wildtype (WT) C57BL/6J mice three weeks after injury. We performed histology, gene expression, blood serum and behavioural analysis to identify the impact of immunosuppression on stroke progression. Results We detected changes in microglia activation/macrophage infiltration, scar-forming and vascular repair in immune-suppressed mice three weeks after injury. Transcriptomic analysis of stroked tissue revealed the strongest deviation from WT was observed in NSG mice affecting immunological and angiogenic pathways. Pharmacological immunosuppression resulted in the least variation in gene expression compared with the WT. These anatomical and genetic changes did not affect functional recovery in a time course of three weeks. To determine whether timing of immunosuppression is critical, we compared mice with acute and delayed pharmacological immunosuppression after stroke. Mice with delayed immunosuppression (7d) showed increased inflammatory and scarring responses compared to animals acutely treated with tacrolimus, thus more closely resembling WT pathology. Transplantation of human cells in the brains of immunosuppressed mice led to prolonged cell survival in all immunosuppressed mouse models, which was most consistent in NSG and Rag2-/- mice. Conclusions We detected distinct anatomical and molecular changes in the stroke pathology between individual immunosuppressed mouse models that should be considered when selecting an appropriate mouse model for stroke research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Z. Weber
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Geertje Mulders
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Perron
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christian Tackenberg
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruslan Rust
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Ruslan Rust,
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17
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Hashemizadeh S, Gharaylou Z, Hosseindoost S, Sardari M, Omidi A, Hosseini ravandi H, Hadjighassem M. Long-term administration of bumetanide improve functional recovery after spinal cord injury in rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:932487. [PMID: 36339604 PMCID: PMC9628211 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.932487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion disturbances are among the most remarkable deficits in spinal cord injury (SCI). GABA is an integral part of neural interaction. Action of the GABAA receptor depends on the amount of intracellular chloride. Homeostasis of chloride is controlled by two co-transporters, NKCC1 and KCC2. Previous studies revealed that NKCC1 are disturbed in SCI. In this study, NKCC1 is highly expressed in the epicenter of the lesioned spinal cord at 3 hours after induction of the lesion and reached the peak around 6 hours after SCI. Bumetanide (2 and 4 mg/day), as a specific NKCC1 inhibitor, was used at 3 hours post SCI for 28 days. The functional recovery outcomes were measured by the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale, ladder walking test, and hot plate test. The rats that received bumetanide 4 mg/day exhibited improved recovery of locomotor function, reduction of NKCC1 gene expression, and upregulation of GAP protein levels 28 days post SCI. Histological tissue evaluations confirmed bumetanide's neuroprotective and regenerative effects. This study provides novel evidence for the benefits of bumetanide in early administration after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Hashemizadeh
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saereh Hosseindoost
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pain Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sardari
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Omidi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahmoudreza Hadjighassem
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Sun X, Huang LY, Pan HX, Li LJ, Wang L, Pei GQ, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Cheng HX, He CQ, Wei Q. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and exercise restore motor function following spinal cord injury by activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:1067-1075. [PMID: 36254995 PMCID: PMC9827790 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.355762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many therapeutic interventions have shown promise in treating spinal cord injury, focusing on a single aspect of repair cannot achieve successful and functional regeneration in patients following spinal cord injury . In this study, we applied a combinatorial approach for treating spinal cord injury involving neuroprotection and rehabilitation, exploiting cell transplantation and functional sensorimotor training to promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery. Here, we used a mouse model of thoracic contusive spinal cord injury to investigate whether the combination of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation and exercise training has a synergistic effect on functional restoration. Locomotor function was evaluated by the Basso Mouse Scale, horizontal ladder test, and footprint analysis. Magnetic resonance imaging, histological examination, transmission electron microscopy observation, immunofluorescence staining, and western blotting were performed 8 weeks after spinal cord injury to further explore the potential mechanism behind the synergistic repair effect. In vivo, the combination of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation and exercise showed a better therapeutic effect on motor function than the single treatments. Further investigations revealed that the combination of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation and exercise markedly reduced fibrotic scar tissue, protected neurons, and promoted axon and myelin protection. Additionally, the synergistic effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation and exercise on spinal cord injury recovery occurred via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. In vitro, experimental evidence from the PC12 cell line and primary cortical neuron culture also demonstrated that blocking of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway would aggravate neuronal damage. Thus, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation combined with exercise training can effectively restore motor function after spinal cord injury by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Rehabilitation Medical Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li-Yi Huang
- Rehabilitation Medical Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hong-Xia Pan
- Rehabilitation Medical Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li-Juan Li
- Rehabilitation Medical Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Rehabilitation Medical Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Gai-Qin Pei
- Rehabilitation Medical Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Rehabilitation Medical Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Rehabilitation Medical Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hong-Xin Cheng
- Rehabilitation Medical Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Cheng-Qi He
- Rehabilitation Medical Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Quan Wei
- Rehabilitation Medical Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China,Correspondence to: Quan Wei, .
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19
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Braz BY, Wennagel D, Ratié L, de Souza DAR, Deloulme JC, Barbier EL, Buisson A, Lanté F, Humbert S. Treating early postnatal circuit defect delays Huntington's disease onset and pathology in mice. Science 2022; 377:eabq5011. [PMID: 36137051 DOI: 10.1126/science.abq5011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence has shown that even mild mutations in the Huntingtin gene that are associated with late-onset Huntington's disease (HD) disrupt various aspects of human neurodevelopment. To determine whether these seemingly subtle early defects affect adult neural function, we investigated neural circuit physiology in newborn HD mice. During the first postnatal week, HD mice have less cortical layer 2/3 excitatory synaptic activity than wild-type mice, express fewer glutamatergic receptors, and show sensorimotor deficits. The circuit self-normalizes in the second postnatal week but the mice nonetheless develop HD. Pharmacologically enhancing glutamatergic transmission during the neonatal period, however, rescues these deficits and preserves sensorimotor function, cognition, and spine and synapse density as well as brain region volume in HD adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Yael Braz
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Doris Wennagel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Leslie Ratié
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Emmanuel L Barbier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Alain Buisson
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Fabien Lanté
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sandrine Humbert
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France.,Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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20
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Walter HL, Pikhovych A, Endepols H, Rotthues S, Bärmann J, Backes H, Hoehn M, Wiedermann D, Neumaier B, Fink GR, Rüger MA, Schroeter M. Transcranial-Direct-Current-Stimulation Accelerates Motor Recovery After Cortical Infarction in Mice: The Interplay of Structural Cellular Responses and Functional Recovery. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2022; 36:701-714. [PMID: 36124996 DOI: 10.1177/15459683221124116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) promotes recovery after stroke in humans. The underlying mechanisms, however, remain to be elucidated. Animal models suggest tDCS effects on neuroinflammation, stem cell proliferation, neurogenesis, and neural plasticity. OBJECTIVE In a longitudinal study, we employed tDCS in the subacute and chronic phase after experimental focal cerebral ischemia in mice to explore the relationship between functional recovery and cellular processes. METHODS Mice received photothrombosis in the right motor cortex, verified by Magnetic Resonance Imaging. A composite neuroscore quantified subsequent functional deficits. Mice received tDCS daily: either 5 sessions from day 5 to 9, or 10 sessions with days 12 to 16 in addition. TDCS with anodal or cathodal polarity was compared to sham stimulation. Further imaging to assess proliferation and neuroinflammation was performed by immunohistochemistry at different time points and Positron Emission Tomography at the end of the observation time of 3 weeks. RESULTS Cathodal tDCS at 198 kC/m2 (220 A/m2) between days 5 and 9 accelerated functional recovery, increased neurogenesis, decreased microglial activation, and mitigated CD16/32-expression associated with M1-phenotype. Anodal tDCS exerted similar effects on neurogenesis and microglial polarization but not on recovery of function or microglial activation. TDCS on days 12 to 16 after stroke did not induce any further effects, suggesting that the therapeutic time window was closed by then. CONCLUSION Overall, data suggest that non-invasive neuromodulation by tDCS impacts neurogenesis and microglial activation as critical cellular processes influencing functional recovery during the early phase of regeneration from focal cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Luise Walter
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anton Pikhovych
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heike Endepols
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Steffen Rotthues
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Johannes Bärmann
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heiko Backes
- Multimodal Imaging Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mathias Hoehn
- Cognitive Neuroscience (INM-3), Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dirk Wiedermann
- Multimodal Imaging Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Gereon Rudolf Fink
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cognitive Neuroscience (INM-3), Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Maria Adele Rüger
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cognitive Neuroscience (INM-3), Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael Schroeter
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cognitive Neuroscience (INM-3), Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
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21
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Yousefifard M, Janzadeh A, Ali KM, Vazirizadeh-Mahabadi MH, Sarveazad A, Madani Neishaboori A, Hosseini M. Chondroitinase ABC Administration in Locomotion Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Basic Clin Neurosci 2022; 13:609-624. [PMID: 37313020 PMCID: PMC10258590 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2021.1422.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The present systematic review and meta-analysis aims to conduct a comprehensive and complete search of electronic resources to investigate the role of administrating Chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) in improving complications following Spinal Cord Injuries (SCI). Methods MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Sciences databases were searched until the end of 2019. Two independent reviewers assessed the studies conducted on rats and mice and summarized the data. Using the STATA 14.0 software, the findings were reported as pooled standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results A total of 34 preclinical studies were included. ChABC administration improves locomotion recovery after SCI (SMD=0.90; 95% CI: 0.61 to 1.20; P<0.001). The subgroup analysis showed that the differences in the SCI model (P=0.732), the severity of the injury (P=0.821), the number of ChABC administrations (P=0.092), the blinding status (P=0.294), the use of different locomotor score (P=0.567), and the follow-up duration (P=0.750) have no effect on the efficacy of ChABC treatment. Conclusion The findings of the present study showed that prescribing ChABC has a moderate effect in improving locomotion after SCI in mice and rats. However, this moderate effect introduces ChABC as adjuvant therapy and not as primary therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Yousefifard
- Department of Physiology, Researcher at Physiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atousa Janzadeh
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kosar Mohamed Ali
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | | | - Arash Sarveazad
- Colorectal Research Center, Researcher at Nursing Care Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nursing Care Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arian Madani Neishaboori
- Researcher at Physiology Research Centre, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Hosseini
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Yu D, Mun SA, Kim SW, Cho DC, Kim CH, Han I, Lee S, Lee SW, Kim KT. Effects of D-Serine and MK-801 on Neuropathic Pain and Functional Recovery in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury. Neurospine 2022; 19:737-747. [PMID: 36203298 PMCID: PMC9537825 DOI: 10.14245/ns.2244410.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuropathic pain is a common secondary complication of spinal cord injury (SCI). N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation is critical for hypersensitivity in neuropathic pain. This activation requires the binding of both glutamate and the D-serine co-agonist to the NMDA glycine site. We evaluated the effects of D-serine on neuropathic pain after SCI and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS Anesthetized rats underwent T9 spinal cord contusion (130 kdyn). D-serine (500 and 1,000 mg/kg) and MK-801 hydrogen maleate (2.0 mg/kg) were injected daily for 2 weeks, starting the day after SCI. Functional outcomes were assessed according to the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scale, while histological outcomes were evaluated based on lesion volume and spared tissue area. Mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were evaluated by measuring the withdrawal threshold of a von Frey filament and hot/cold plate latency. Western blotting was performed to determine the expression levels of Trpv1, Nav1.9, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and β-actin in damaged tissue. RESULTS The withdrawal threshold values and latency of the D-serine group were significantly lower than those of the noninjection group. The MK-801 group showed higher threshold values and latencies than the other groups. Western blotting showed increased Nav1.9 and Trpv1 levels and lower CGRP levels in the D-serine group, whereas the MK-801 group showed the opposite results. CONCLUSION D-serine increases neuropathic pain after traumatic SCI by mediating the NMDA receptor. NMDA receptor antagonists alleviate neuropathic pain after traumatic SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwoo Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yeungnam University Hospital, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seul Ah Mun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang Woo Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yeungnam University Hospital, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dae-Chul Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chi Heon Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inbo Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA University, School of medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Subum Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea,Corresponding Author Kyoung-Tae Kim Department of Neurosurgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Korea
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23
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Ago K, Nagoshi N, Imaizumi K, Kitagawa T, Kawai M, Kajikawa K, Shibata R, Kamata Y, Kojima K, Shinozaki M, Kondo T, Iwano S, Miyawaki A, Ohtsuka M, Bito H, Kobayashi K, Shibata S, Shindo T, Kohyama J, Matsumoto M, Nakamura M, Okano H. A non-invasive system to monitor in vivo neural graft activity after spinal cord injury. Commun Biol 2022; 5:803. [PMID: 35948599 PMCID: PMC9365819 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03736-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Expectations for neural stem/progenitor cell (NS/PC) transplantation as a treatment for spinal cord injury (SCI) are increasing. However, whether and how grafted cells are incorporated into the host neural circuit and contribute to motor function recovery remain unknown. The aim of this project was to establish a novel non-invasive in vivo imaging system to visualize the activity of neural grafts by which we can simultaneously demonstrate the circuit-level integration between the graft and host and the contribution of graft neuronal activity to host behaviour. We introduced Akaluc, a newly engineered luciferase, under the control of enhanced synaptic activity-responsive element (E-SARE), a potent neuronal activity-dependent synthetic promoter, into NS/PCs and engrafted the cells into SCI model mice. Through the use of this system, we found that the activity of grafted cells was integrated with host behaviour and driven by host neural circuit inputs. This non-invasive system is expected to help elucidate the therapeutic mechanism of cell transplantation treatment for SCI. Visualisation of the activity of neural grafts using engineered luciferase provides insights into the integration between the graft and host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Ago
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Narihito Nagoshi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Kent Imaizumi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kitagawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Momotaro Kawai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Keita Kajikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Reo Shibata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kota Kojima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Munehisa Shinozaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kondo
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iwano
- Laboratory for Cell Function and Dynamics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyawaki
- Laboratory for Cell Function and Dynamics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masanari Ohtsuka
- Laboratory for Molecular Analysis of Higher Brain Function, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Bito
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kenta Kobayashi
- Section of Viral Vector Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.,Electron Microscope Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shindo
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Jun Kohyama
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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24
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Kapoor S, Kala D, Svoboda J, Daněk J, Faridová A, Brnoliaková Z, Mikulecká A, Folbergrová J, Otáhal J. The effect of sulforaphane on perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in rats. Physiol Res 2022; 71:401-411. [PMID: 35616041 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic insult (HII) is one of the main devastating causes of morbidity and mortality in newborns. HII induces brain injury which evolves to neurological sequelae later in life. Hypothermia is the only therapeutic approach available capable of diminishing brain impairment after HII. Finding a novel therapeutic method to reduce the severity of brain injury and its consequences is critical in neonatology. The present paper aimed to evaluate the effect of sulforaphane (SFN) pre-treatment on glucose metabolism, neurodegeneration, and functional outcome at the acute, sub-acute, and sub-chronic time intervals in the experimental model of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic insult in rats. To estimate the effect of SFN on brain glucose uptake we have performed 18F-deoxyglucose (FDG) microCT/PET. The activity of FDG was determined in the hippocampus and sensorimotor cortex. Neurodegeneration was assessed by histological analysis of Nissl-stained brain sections. To investigate functional outcomes a battery of behavioral tests was employed. We have shown that although SFN possesses a protective effect on glucose uptake in the ischemic hippocampus 24 h and 1 week after HII, no effect has been observed in the motor cortex. We have further shown that the ischemic hippocampal formation tends to be thinner in HIE and SFN treatment tends to reverse this pattern. We have observed subtle chronic movement deficit after HII detected by ladder rung walking test with no protective effect of SFN. SFN should be thus considered as a potent neuroprotective drug with the capability to interfere with pathophysiological processes triggered by perinatal hypoxic-ischemic insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kapoor
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Laboratory of Developmental Epileptology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic.
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25
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Rodocker HI, Bordbar A, Larson MJE, Biltz RG, Wangler L, Fadda P, Godbout JP, Tedeschi A. Breaking Mental Barriers Promotes Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:868563. [PMID: 35875670 PMCID: PMC9301320 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.868563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) often proves difficult as physical and mental barriers bar survivors from enacting their designated rehabilitation programs. We recently demonstrated that adult mice administered gabapentinoids, clinically approved drugs prescribed to mitigate chronic neuropathic pain, recovered upper extremity function following cervical SCI. Given that rehabilitative training enhances neuronal plasticity and promotes motor recovery, we hypothesized that the combination of an aerobic-based rehabilitation regimen like treadmill training with gabapentin (GBP) administration will maximize recovery in SCI mice by strengthening synaptic connections along the sensorimotor axis. Whereas mice administered GBP recovered forelimb functions over the course of weeks and months following SCI, no additive forelimb recovery as the result of voluntary treadmill training was noted in these mice. To our surprise, we also failed to find an additive effect in mice administered vehicle. As motivation is crucial in rehabilitation interventions, we scored active engagement toward the rehabilitation protocol and found that mice administered GBP were consistently participating in the rehabilitation program. In contrast, mice administered vehicle exhibited a steep decline in participation, especially at chronic time points. Whereas neuroinflammatory gene expression profiles were comparable between experimental conditions, we discovered that mice administered GBP had increased hippocampal neurogenesis and exhibited less anxiety-like behavior after SCI. We also found that an external, social motivator effectively rescues participation in mice administered vehicle and promotes forelimb recovery after chronic SCI. Thus, not only does a clinically relevant treatment strategy preclude the deterioration of mental health after chronic SCI, but group intervention strategies may prove to be physically and emotionally beneficial for SCI individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haven I. Rodocker
- Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Arman Bordbar
- Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Molly J. E. Larson
- Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Rebecca G. Biltz
- Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Lynde Wangler
- Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Paolo Fadda
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jonathan P. Godbout
- Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Andrea Tedeschi
- Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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26
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Novel Animal Model of Spontaneous Cerebral Petechial Hemorrhage Using Focused Ultrasound in Rats. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58070881. [PMID: 35888600 PMCID: PMC9315537 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58070881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Petechial cerebral hemorrhages can be caused by various factors, such as traumas, cerebral infarctions, and aging, and is related to the disruption of the blood–brain barrier or the cellular damage of blood vessels. However, there is no animal model that recapitulates cerebral petechial hemorrhages. Materials and Methods: Here, we implemented a petechial hemorrhage using a novel technology, i.e., microbubble-assisted focused ultrasound (MB + FUS). Results: This method increases the permeability of the blood–brain barrier by directly applying mechanical force to the vascular endothelial cells through cavitation of the microbubbles. Microbubble-enhanced cavitation has the advantage of controlling the degree and location of petechial hemorrhages. Conclusions: We thus generated a preclinical rat model using noninvasive focal MB + FUS. This method is histologically similar to actual petechial hemorrhages of the brain and allows the achievement of a physiologically resembling petechial hemorrhage. In the future, this method shall be considered as a useful animal model for studying the pathophysiology and treatment of petechial cerebral hemorrhages.
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27
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Tu X, Li X, Zhu H, Kuang X, Si X, Zou S, Hao S, Huang Y, Xiao J. Unilateral cerebral ischemia induces morphological changes in the layer V projection neurons of the contralateral hemisphere. Neurosci Res 2022; 182:41-51. [PMID: 35777459 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Decreased blood flow to the brain causes stroke and damage to neuronal networks. Neuronal damage occurs not only in the infarct core but also in areas away from the infarcts. This study was aimed to assess alterations of the cortical projection neurons that were distantly connected with the infarcts. Unilateral cortical ischemia was generated by middle cerebral artery occlusion in the right somatosensory cortex. Pre-labeled thalamocortical neurons disappeared, whereas contralateral callosal projection neurons survived 48 h post-ischemia. The unilateral ischemia increased the total length, segment length and the spine volume of dendrites from layer V callosal neurons in the homotopic cortex of the contralateral hemisphere. The morphological remolding of the contralateral cortical neurons cannot be reproduced by the spinal cord hemisection that cuts axons of corticospinal projection neurons of layer V. The data suggest that the retrograde degeneration of axons may not account for the early morphological changes in the contralateral cortex. We hypothesize that the loss of innervations from the ischemic cortex may bring in adaptive changes to the connected neurons, and adult cortical neurons can adjust their morphology to meet the reduction of synaptic inputs. This study may improve our understanding of the re-organization of cortical circuits following focal cerebral ischemia and help the development of new treatments designed to minimize the disability associated with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoMeng Tu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Hao Zhu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiuli Kuang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiang Si
- Department of Ophthalmology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Shimin Zou
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Shishuai Hao
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, PRChina.
| | - Jian Xiao
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
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28
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Burda JE, O'Shea TM, Ao Y, Suresh KB, Wang S, Bernstein AM, Chandra A, Deverasetty S, Kawaguchi R, Kim JH, McCallum S, Rogers A, Wahane S, Sofroniew MV. Divergent transcriptional regulation of astrocyte reactivity across disorders. Nature 2022; 606:557-564. [PMID: 35614216 PMCID: PMC10027402 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes respond to injury and disease in the central nervous system with reactive changes that influence the outcome of the disorder1-4. These changes include differentially expressed genes (DEGs) whose contextual diversity and regulation are poorly understood. Here we combined biological and informatic analyses, including RNA sequencing, protein detection, assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) and conditional gene deletion, to predict transcriptional regulators that differentially control more than 12,000 DEGs that are potentially associated with astrocyte reactivity across diverse central nervous system disorders in mice and humans. DEGs associated with astrocyte reactivity exhibited pronounced heterogeneity across disorders. Transcriptional regulators also exhibited disorder-specific differences, but a core group of 61 transcriptional regulators was identified as common across multiple disorders in both species. We show experimentally that DEG diversity is determined by combinatorial, context-specific interactions between transcriptional regulators. Notably, the same reactivity transcriptional regulators can regulate markedly different DEG cohorts in different disorders; changes in the access of transcriptional regulators to DNA-binding motifs differ markedly across disorders; and DEG changes can crucially require multiple reactivity transcriptional regulators. We show that, by modulating reactivity, transcriptional regulators can substantially alter disorder outcome, implicating them as therapeutic targets. We provide searchable resources of disorder-related reactive astrocyte DEGs and their predicted transcriptional regulators. Our findings show that transcriptional changes associated with astrocyte reactivity are highly heterogeneous and are customized from vast numbers of potential DEGs through context-specific combinatorial transcriptional-regulator interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua E Burda
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Timothy M O'Shea
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yan Ao
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Keshav B Suresh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shinong Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexander M Bernstein
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ashu Chandra
- Department of Computer Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandeep Deverasetty
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jae H Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah McCallum
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra Rogers
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shalaka Wahane
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael V Sofroniew
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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29
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Selective plasticity of callosal neurons in the adult contralesional cortex following murine traumatic brain injury. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2659. [PMID: 35551446 PMCID: PMC9098892 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in deficits that are often followed by recovery. The contralesional cortex can contribute to this process but how distinct contralesional neurons and circuits respond to injury remains to be determined. To unravel adaptations in the contralesional cortex, we used chronic in vivo two-photon imaging. We observed a general decrease in spine density with concomitant changes in spine dynamics over time. With retrograde co-labeling techniques, we showed that callosal neurons are uniquely affected by and responsive to TBI. To elucidate circuit connectivity, we used monosynaptic rabies tracing, clearing techniques and histology. We demonstrate that contralesional callosal neurons adapt their input circuitry by strengthening ipsilateral connections from pre-connected areas. Finally, functional in vivo two-photon imaging demonstrates that the restoration of pre-synaptic circuitry parallels the restoration of callosal activity patterns. Taken together our study thus delineates how callosal neurons structurally and functionally adapt following a contralateral murine TBI. Which contralesional circuits adapt after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is unclear. Here the authors used in vivo imaging, retrograde labeling, rabies tracing, clearing and functional imaging to demonstrate that callosal neurons selectively adapt after TBI in mice.
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30
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Martins LA, Schiavo A, Xavier LL, Mestriner RG. The Foot Fault Scoring System to Assess Skilled Walking in Rodents: A Reliability Study. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:892010. [PMID: 35571280 PMCID: PMC9100421 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.892010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The foot fault scoring system of the ladder rung walking test (LRWT) is used to assess skilled walking in rodents. However, the reliability of the LRWT foot fault score has not been properly addressed. This study was designed to address this issue. Two independent and blinded raters analyzed 20 rats and 20 mice videos. Each video was analyzed twice by the same rater (80 analyses per rater). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the Kappa coefficient were employed to check the accuracy of agreement and reliability in the intra- and inter-rater analyses of the LRWT outcomes. Excellent intra- and inter-rater agreements were found for the forelimb, hindlimb, and both limbs combined in rats and mice. The agreement level was also excellent for total crossing time, total time stopped, and the number of stops during the walking path. Rating individual scores in the foot fault score system (0–6) ranged from satisfactory to excellent, in terms of the intraclass correlation indexes. Moreover, we showed that experienced and inexperienced raters can obtain reliable results if supervised training is provided. We concluded that the LRWT is a reliable and useful tool to study skilled walking in rodents and can help researchers address walking-related neurobiological questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Athaydes Martins
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair Research Group (NEUROPLAR), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Aniuska Schiavo
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair Research Group (NEUROPLAR), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Léder Leal Xavier
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Régis Gemerasca Mestriner
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair Research Group (NEUROPLAR), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Régis Gemerasca Mestriner, , orcid.org/0000-0001-9837-1691
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31
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Pinto R, Magalhães A, Sousa M, Melo L, Lobo A, Barros P, Gomes JR. Bridging the Transient Intraluminal Stroke Preclinical Model to Clinical Practice: From Improved Surgical Procedures to a Workflow of Functional Tests. Front Neurol 2022; 13:846735. [PMID: 35359638 PMCID: PMC8963503 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.846735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains a leading cause of mortality, despite significant advances in therapy (endovascular thrombectomy). Failure in developing novel effective therapies is associated with unsuccessful translation from preclinical studies to clinical practice, associated to inconsistent and highly variable infarct areas and lack of relevant post-stroke functional evaluation in preclinical research. To outreach these limitations, we optimized the intraluminal transient middle cerebral occlusion, a widely used mouse stroke model, in two key parameters, selection of appropriate occlusion filaments and time of occlusion, which show a significant variation in the literature. We demonstrate that commercially available filaments with short coating length (1–2 mm), together with 45-min occlusion, results in a consistent affected brain region, similar to what is observed in most patients with AIS. Importantly, a dedicated post-stroke care protocol, based on clinical practice applied to patients who had stroke, resulted in lower mortality and improved mice welfare. Finally, a battery of tests covering relevant fine motor skills, sensory functions, and learning/memory behaviors revealed a significant effect of tMCAO brain infarction, which is parallel to patient symptomatology as measured by relevant clinical scales (NIH Stroke Scale, NIHSS and modified Rankin Scale, mRS). Thus, in order to enhance translation to clinical practice, future preclinical stroke research must consider the methodology described in this study, which includes improved reproducible surgical procedure, postoperative care, and the battery of functional tests. This will be a major step s closing the gap from bench to bedside, rendering the development of novel effective therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Pinto
- Molecular Neurobiology Unit, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal.,I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Magalhães
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Addiction Biology Unit, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Sousa
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Advanced Light Microscopy Unit, I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcia Melo
- Molecular Neurobiology Unit, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal.,I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andrea Lobo
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Addiction Biology Unit, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Barros
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.,Stroke Unit, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - João R Gomes
- Molecular Neurobiology Unit, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal.,I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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32
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Aljovic A, Zhao S, Chahin M, de la Rosa C, Van Steenbergen V, Kerschensteiner M, Bareyre FM. A deep learning-based toolbox for Automated Limb Motion Analysis (ALMA) in murine models of neurological disorders. Commun Biol 2022; 5:131. [PMID: 35169263 PMCID: PMC8847458 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In neuroscience research, the refined analysis of rodent locomotion is complex and cumbersome, and access to the technique is limited because of the necessity for expensive equipment. In this study, we implemented a new deep learning-based open-source toolbox for Automated Limb Motion Analysis (ALMA) that requires only basic behavioral equipment and an inexpensive camera. The ALMA toolbox enables the consistent and comprehensive analyses of locomotor kinematics and paw placement and can be applied to neurological conditions affecting the brain and spinal cord. We demonstrated that the ALMA toolbox can (1) robustly track the evolution of locomotor deficits after spinal cord injury, (2) sensitively detect locomotor abnormalities after traumatic brain injury, and (3) correctly predict disease onset in a multiple sclerosis model. We, therefore, established a broadly applicable automated and standardized approach that requires minimal financial and time commitments to facilitate the comprehensive analysis of locomotion in rodent disease models. Presenting ALMA toolbox, an open source Python repository for automatic analysis of mouse locomotion using bodypart coordinates from markerless pose estimation tools. ALMA is capable of analyzing both healthy and CNS-injured mice. ALMA is also capable of predicting onset of disease in a multiple sclerosis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almir Aljovic
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Munich, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Shuqing Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Munich, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Maryam Chahin
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Munich, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Clara de la Rosa
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Munich, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Valerie Van Steenbergen
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martin Kerschensteiner
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Florence M Bareyre
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany. .,Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany. .,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377, Munich, Germany.
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33
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Cappelli J, Khacho P, Wang B, Sokolovski A, Bakkar W, Raymond S, Ahlskog N, Pitney J, Wu J, Chudalayandi P, Wong AYC, Bergeron R. Glycine-induced NMDA receptor internalization provides neuroprotection and preserves vasculature following ischemic stroke. iScience 2022; 25:103539. [PMID: 34977503 PMCID: PMC8689229 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Following an ischemic event, neuronal death is triggered by uncontrolled glutamate release leading to overactivation of glutamate sensitive N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). For gating, NMDARs require not only the binding of glutamate, but also of glycine or a glycine-like compound as a co-agonist. Low glycine doses enhance NMDAR function, whereas high doses trigger glycine-induced NMDAR internalization (GINI) in vitro. Here, we report that following an ischemic event, in vivo, GINI also occurs and provides neuroprotection in the presence of a GlyT1 antagonist (GlyT1-A). Mice pretreated with a GlyT1-A, which increases synaptic glycine levels, exhibited smaller stroke volume, reduced cell death, and minimized behavioral deficits following stroke induction by either photothrombosis or endothelin-1. Moreover, we show evidence that in ischemic conditions, GlyT1-As preserve the vasculature in the peri-infarct area. Therefore, GlyT1 could be a new target for the treatment of ischemic stroke. GINI is a dynamic phenomenon which dampens NMDAR-mediated excitotoxicity during stroke GlyT1-antagonists (GlyT1-As) trigger GINI during stroke in vivo GlyT1-As mitigate post-stroke behavioral deficits and preserve peri-infarct vasculature GlyT1 could be a novel and viable therapeutic target for ischemic stroke
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Cappelli
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Roger Guindon Building, Room 3501N, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Pamela Khacho
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Roger Guindon Building, Room 3501N, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Boyang Wang
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Roger Guindon Building, Room 3501N, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Alexandra Sokolovski
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Roger Guindon Building, Room 3501N, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Wafae Bakkar
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 451 Smyth Road, Roger Guindon Building, Room 3501N, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Sophie Raymond
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Roger Guindon Building, Room 3501N, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Nina Ahlskog
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Roger Guindon Building, Room 3501N, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Julian Pitney
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Roger Guindon Building, Room 3501N, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Junzheng Wu
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Roger Guindon Building, Room 3501N, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Prakash Chudalayandi
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Roger Guindon Building, Room 3501N, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Adrian Y C Wong
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Roger Guindon Building, Room 3501N, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Richard Bergeron
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Roger Guindon Building, Room 3501N, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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34
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Housley SN, Nardelli P, Rotterman TM, Cope TC. Neural circuit mechanisms of sensorimotor disability in cancer treatment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2100428118. [PMID: 34911753 PMCID: PMC8713769 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100428118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer survivors rank sensorimotor disability among the most distressing, long-term consequences of chemotherapy. Disorders in gait, balance, and skilled movements are commonly assigned to chemotoxic damage of peripheral sensory neurons without consideration of the deterministic role played by the neural circuits that translate sensory information into movement. This oversight precludes sufficient, mechanistic understanding and contributes to the absence of effective treatment for reversing chemotherapy-induced disability. We rectified this omission through the use of a combination of electrophysiology, behavior, and modeling to study the operation of a spinal sensorimotor circuit in vivo in a rat model of chronic, oxaliplatin (chemotherapy)-induced neuropathy (cOIN). Key sequential events were studied in the encoding of propriosensory information and its circuit translation into the synaptic potentials produced in motoneurons. In cOIN rats, multiple classes of propriosensory neurons expressed defective firing that reduced accurate sensory representation of muscle mechanical responses to stretch. Accuracy degraded further in the translation of propriosensory signals into synaptic potentials as a result of defective mechanisms residing inside the spinal cord. These sequential, peripheral, and central defects compounded to drive the sensorimotor circuit into a functional collapse that was consequential in predicting the significant errors in propriosensory-guided movement behaviors demonstrated here in our rat model and reported for people with cOIN. We conclude that sensorimotor disability induced by cancer treatment emerges from the joint expression of independent defects occurring in both peripheral and central elements of sensorimotor circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen N Housley
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332;
- Integrated Cancer Research Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30309
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30309
| | - Paul Nardelli
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Travis M Rotterman
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Timothy C Cope
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332;
- Integrated Cancer Research Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30309
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30309
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
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35
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Frederick RA, Troyk PR, Cogan SF. Wireless microelectrode arrays for selective and chronically stable peripheral nerve stimulation for hindlimb movement. J Neural Eng 2021; 18:10.1088/1741-2552/ac2bb8. [PMID: 34592725 PMCID: PMC10685740 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac2bb8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Maximizing the stability of implanted neural interfaces will be critical to developing effective treatments for neurological and neuromuscular disorders. Our research aims to develop a stable neural interface using wireless communication and intrafascicular microelectrodes to provide highly selective stimulation of neural tissue.Approach. We implanted a wireless floating microelectrode array into the left sciatic nerve of six rats. Over a 38 week implantation period, we recorded stimulation thresholds and movements evoked at each implanted electrode. We also tracked each animal's response to sensory stimuli and performance on two different walking tasks.Main results. Presence of the microelectrode array inside the sciatic nerve did not cause any obvious motor or sensory deficits in the hindlimb. Visible movement in the hindlimb was evoked by stimulating the sciatic nerve with currents as low as 4.1µA. Thresholds for most of the 96 electrodes we implanted were below 20µA, and predictable recruitment of plantar flexion and dorsiflexion was achieved by stimulating rat sciatic nerve with the intrafascicular microelectrode array. Further, motor recruitment patterns for each electrode did not change significantly throughout the study.Significance. Incorporating wireless communication and a low-profile neural interface facilitated highly stable motor recruitment thresholds and fine motor control in the hindlimb throughout an extensive 9.5 month assessment in rodent peripheral nerve. Results of this study indicate that use of the wireless device tested here could be extended to other applications requiring selective neural stimulation and chronic implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Frederick
- Bioengineering Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States of America
| | - Philip R Troyk
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Stuart F Cogan
- Bioengineering Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States of America
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36
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Chuang MH, Ho LH, Kuo TF, Sheu SY, Liu YH, Lin PC, Tsai YC, Yang CH, Chu CM, Lin SZ. Regenerative Potential of Platelet-Rich Fibrin Releasate Combined with Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells in a Rat Sciatic Nerve Injury Model. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720919438. [PMID: 32538130 PMCID: PMC7586258 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720919438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sciatic nerve injuries, not uncommon in trauma with a limited degree of functional recovery, are considered a persistent clinical, social, and economic problem worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests that stem cells can promote the tissue regeneration through various mechanisms. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of adipose tissue–derived stem cells (ADSCs) and combine with platelet-rich fibrin releasate (PRFr) in the regeneration of sciatic nerve injury in rats. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups, a blade was used to transect the left hindlimb sciatic nerve, and silicon tubes containing one of the following (by injection) were used to bridge the nerve proximal and distal ends (10-mm gap): group 1: untreated controls; group 2: PRFr alone; group 3: ADSCs alone; group 4: PRFr + ADSCs-treated. Walking function was assessed in horizontal rung ladder apparatus to compare the demands of the tasks and test sensitivity at 1-mo interval for a total of 3 mo. The gross inspection and histological examination was performed at 3 mo post transplantation. Overall, PRFr + ADSCs-treated performed better compared with PRFr or ADSCs injections alone. Significant group differences of neurological function were observed in ladder rung walking tests in all treated groups compared to that of untreated controls (P < 0.05). This injection approach may provide a successfully employed technique to target sciatic nerve defects in vivo, and the combined strategy of ADSCs with PRFr appears to have a superior effect on nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsi Chuang
- Ph.D. Program of Technology Management, Chung Hwa University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsing Ho
- Department of Technology Management, Chung Hwa University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Fu Kuo
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Veterinary Medicine, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Tzong-Fu Kuo, Department of Post-Baccalaureate Veterinary Medicine, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan. Li-Hsing Ho, Department of Technology Management, Chung Hwa University, 707, Sec.2, WuFu Rd., Hsinchu 30012, Taiwan. Emails: ;
| | - Shi-Yuan Sheu
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hao Liu
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Dental Anatomy Division, Department of Oral Science, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Po-Cheng Lin
- Gwo Xi Stem Cell Applied Technology Co., Ltd, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Huan Yang
- Gwo Xi Stem Cell Applied Technology Co., Ltd, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ming Chu
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Big Data Research Center, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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37
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Englund M, Faridjoo S, Iyer CS, Krubitzer L. Kinematic analysis of sensorimotor behavior during variable ladder rung walking in short-tailed opossums ( Monodelphis domestica). STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100421. [PMID: 33870226 PMCID: PMC8044713 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This protocol presents a workflow for detecting differences in kinematics between experimental conditions. It is tailored for short-tailed opossums but can be applied to any species capable of completing the ladder rung task. There are four phases of this protocol: (1) data collection, (2) pose tracking, (3) analysis of single trials, and (4) cross-condition comparisons. This pipeline implements aspects of machine learning and signal processing, allowing for rapid data analysis that provides insight into how animals perform this task. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Englund et al. (2020). Protocol uses a simple sensorimotor task for animal models that requires little training Provides a pipeline for rapid analysis of pose tracking data Implements supervised clustering, treating pose data as waveforms
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie Englund
- A Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, 135 Young Hall, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Samaan Faridjoo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, 149 Briggs Hall, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Christopher S Iyer
- Symbolic Systems Program, Stanford University, 460 Margaret Jacks Hall, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Leah Krubitzer
- A Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, 135 Young Hall, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, 1544 Newton Ct., Davis, CA 95618, USA
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38
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de Boer A, Storm A, Gomez-Soler M, Smolders S, Rué L, Poppe L, B Pasquale E, Robberecht W, Lemmens R. Environmental enrichment during the chronic phase after experimental stroke promotes functional recovery without synergistic effects of EphA4 targeted therapy. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:605-617. [PMID: 31814004 PMCID: PMC7068116 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, stroke is the main cause of long-term adult disability. After the initial insult, most patients undergo a subacute period with intense plasticity and rapid functional improvements. This period is followed by a chronic phase where recovery reaches a plateau that is only partially modifiable by rehabilitation. After experimental stroke, various subacute rehabilitation paradigms improve recovery. However, in order to reach the best possible outcome, a combination of plasticity-promoting strategies and rehabilitation might be necessary. EphA4 is a negative axonal guidance regulator during development. After experimental stroke, reduced EphA4 levels improve functional outcome with similar beneficial effects upon the inhibition of EphA4 downstream targets. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of a basic enriched environment in the chronic phase after photothrombotic stroke in mice as well as the therapeutic potential of EphA4 targeted therapy followed by rehabilitation. Our findings show that environmental enrichment in the chronic phase improves functional outcome up to 2 months post-stroke. Although EphA4 levels increase after experimental stroke, subacute EphA4 inhibition followed by environmental enrichment does not further increase recovery. In conclusion, we show that environmental enrichment during the chronic phase of stroke improves functional outcome in mice with no synergistic effects of the used EphA4 targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antina de Boer
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.,VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Annet Storm
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.,VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Maricel Gomez-Soler
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Silke Smolders
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.,VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Laura Rué
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.,VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Lindsay Poppe
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.,VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Elena B Pasquale
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Wim Robberecht
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Robin Lemmens
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.,VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven 3000, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
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39
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Huang M, Xiao C, Zhang L, Li L, Luo J, Chen L, Hu X, Zheng H. Bioinformatic Analysis of Exosomal MicroRNAs of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Ischemic Stroke Rats After Physical Exercise. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1540-1553. [PMID: 33709257 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03294-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise is beneficial to the structural and functional recovery of post-ischemic stroke, but its molecular mechanism remains obscure. Herein, we aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of exercise-induced neuroprotection from the perspective of microRNAs (miRNAs). Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly distributed into 4 groups, i.e., the physical exercise group with the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) surgery (PE-IS, n = 28); the physical exercise group without tMCAO surgery (PE, n = 6); the sedentary group with tMCAO surgery (Sed-IS, n = 28); and the sedentary group without tMCAO surgery (Sed, n = 6). Notably, rats in the PE-IS and PE groups were subjected to a running exercise for 28 days while rats in the Sed-IS and Sed groups received no exercise training. After long-term exercise, exosomal miRNAs of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing. Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were employed for the differentially expressed miRNAs. Physical exercise improved the neurological function and attenuated the lesion expansion after stroke. In total, 41 differentially expressed miRNAs were screened for the GO and KEGG analysis. GO enriched terms were associated with the central nervous system, including cellular response to retinoic acid, vagus nerve morphogenesis, cellular response to hypoxia, dendritic cell chemotaxis, cell differentiation, and regulation of neuron death. Besides, these differentially expressed miRNAs were linked to the pathophysiological process of stroke, including axon guidance, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, thiamine metabolism, and MAPK signaling pathway according to KEGG analysis. In summary, exercise training significantly alleviated the neurological damage at both functional and structural levels. Moreover, the differentially expressed miRNAs regulating multiple signal pathways were potentially involved in the neuroprotective effects of physical exercise. Therefore, these miRNAs altered by physical exercise might represent the therapeutic strategy for cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudan Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Chongjun Xiao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Liying Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Lilin Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xiquan Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Haiqing Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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40
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Mah KM, Torres-Espín A, Hallworth BW, Bixby JL, Lemmon VP, Fouad K, Fenrich KK. Automation of training and testing motor and related tasks in pre-clinical behavioural and rehabilitative neuroscience. Exp Neurol 2021; 340:113647. [PMID: 33600814 PMCID: PMC10443427 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Testing and training animals in motor and related tasks is a cornerstone of pre-clinical behavioural and rehabilitative neuroscience. Yet manually testing and training animals in these tasks is time consuming and analyses are often subjective. Consequently, there have been many recent advances in automating both the administration and analyses of animal behavioural training and testing. This review is an in-depth appraisal of the history of, and recent developments in, the automation of animal behavioural assays used in neuroscience. We describe the use of common locomotor and non-locomotor tasks used for motor training and testing before and after nervous system injury. This includes a discussion of how these tasks help us to understand the underlying mechanisms of neurological repair and the utility of some tasks for the delivery of rehabilitative training to enhance recovery. We propose two general approaches to automation: automating the physical administration of behavioural tasks (i.e., devices used to facilitate task training, rehabilitative training, and motor testing) and leveraging the use of machine learning in behaviour analysis to generate large volumes of unbiased and comprehensive data. The advantages and disadvantages of automating various motor tasks as well as the limitations of machine learning analyses are examined. In closing, we provide a critical appraisal of the current state of automation in animal behavioural neuroscience and a prospective on some of the advances in machine learning we believe will dramatically enhance the usefulness of these approaches for behavioural neuroscientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar Men Mah
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Abel Torres-Espín
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ben W Hallworth
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - John L Bixby
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Vance P Lemmon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Karim Fouad
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Keith K Fenrich
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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41
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Jin B, Alam M, Tierno A, Zhong H, Roy RR, Gerasimenko Y, Lu DC, Edgerton VR. Serotonergic Facilitation of Forelimb Functional Recovery in Rats with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1226-1243. [PMID: 33420588 PMCID: PMC8423890 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00974-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonergic agents can improve the recovery of motor ability after a spinal cord injury. Herein, we compare the effects of buspirone, a 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist, to fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on forelimb motor function recovery after a C4 bilateral dorsal funiculi crush in adult female rats. After injury, single pellet reaching performance and forelimb muscle activity decreased in all rats. From 1 to 6 weeks after injury, rats were tested on these tasks with and without buspirone (1-2 mg/kg) or fluoxetine (1-5 mg/kg). Reaching and grasping success rates of buspirone-treated rats improved rapidly within 2 weeks after injury and plateaued over the next 4 weeks of testing. Electromyography (EMG) from selected muscles in the dominant forelimb showed that buspirone-treated animals used new reaching strategies to achieve success after the injury. However, forelimb performance dramatically decreased within 2 weeks of buspirone withdrawal. In contrast, fluoxetine treatment resulted in a more progressive rate of improvement in forelimb performance over 8 weeks after injury. Neither buspirone nor fluoxetine significantly improved quadrupedal locomotion on the horizontal ladder test. The improved accuracy of reaching and grasping, patterns of muscle activity, and increased excitability of spinal motor-evoked potentials after buspirone administration reflect extensive reorganization of connectivity within and between supraspinal and spinal sensory-motor netxcopy works. Thus, both serotonergic drugs, buspirone and fluoxetine, neuromodulated these networks to physiological states that enabled markedly improved forelimb function after cervical spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benita Jin
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1527, USA
| | - Monzurul Alam
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1527, USA
| | - Alexa Tierno
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1527, USA
| | - Hui Zhong
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1527, USA
| | - Roland R Roy
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1527, USA
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yury Gerasimenko
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1527, USA
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420006, Russia
| | - Daniel C Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - V Reggie Edgerton
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1527, USA.
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Faculty of Science, The Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia.
- Institut Guttmann, Hospital de Neurorehabilitació, Institut Universitari adscript a la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916, Badalona, Spain.
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42
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Environmental Enrichment Enhances Ca v 2.1 Channel-Mediated Presynaptic Plasticity in Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073414. [PMID: 33810296 PMCID: PMC8037860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a devastating neonatal brain condition caused by lack of oxygen and limited blood flow. Environmental enrichment (EE) is a classic paradigm with a complex stimulation of physical, cognitive, and social components. EE can exert neuroplasticity and neuroprotective effects in immature brains. However, the exact mechanism of EE on the chronic condition of HIE remains unclear. HIE was induced by a permanent ligation of the right carotid artery, followed by an 8% O2 hypoxic condition for 1 h. At 6 weeks of age, HIE mice were randomly assigned to either standard cages or EE cages. In the behavioral assessments, EE mice showed significantly improved motor performances in rotarod tests, ladder walking tests, and hanging wire tests, compared with HIE control mice. EE mice also significantly enhanced cognitive performances in Y-maze tests. Particularly, EE mice showed a significant increase in Cav 2.1 (P/Q type) and presynaptic proteins by molecular assessments, and a significant increase of Cav 2.1 in histological assessments of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. These results indicate that EE can upregulate the expression of the Cav 2.1 channel and presynaptic proteins related to the synaptic vesicle cycle and neurotransmitter release, which may be responsible for motor and cognitive improvements in HIE.
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43
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Kramer AA, Olson GM, Chakraborty A, Blackmore MG. Promotion of corticospinal tract growth by KLF6 requires an injury stimulus and occurs within four weeks of treatment. Exp Neurol 2021; 339:113644. [PMID: 33592210 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Axons in the corticospinal tract (CST) display a limited capacity for compensatory sprouting after partial spinal injuries, potentially limiting functional recovery. Forced expression of a developmentally expressed transcription factor, Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6), enhances axon sprouting by adult CST neurons. Here, using a pyramidotomy model of injury in adult mice, we confirm KLF6's pro-sprouting properties in spared corticospinal tract neurons and show that this effect depends on an injury stimulus. In addition, we probed the time course of KLF6-triggered sprouting of CST axons and demonstrate a significant enhancement of growth within four weeks of treatment. Finally, we tested whether KLF6-induced sprouting was accompanied by improvements in forelimb function, either singly or when combined with intensive rehabilitation. We found that regardless of rehabilitative training, and despite robust cross-midline sprouting by corticospinal tract axons, treatment with KLF6 produced no significant improvement in forelimb function on either a modified ladder-crossing task or a pellet-retrieval task. These data clarify important details of KLF6's pro-growth properties and indicate that additional interventions or further optimization will be needed to translate this improvement in axon growth into functional gains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audra A Kramer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA.
| | - Greta M Olson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA.
| | - Advaita Chakraborty
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA.
| | - Murray G Blackmore
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA.
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44
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Impaired Limb Functional Outcome of Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Is Marked by Incomplete Recovery of Paw Muscle Atrophy and Brain Functional Connectivity in a Rat Forearm Nerve Repair Model. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:6689476. [PMID: 33628221 PMCID: PMC7892249 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6689476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Skilled sensorimotor deficit is an unsolved problem of peripheral nerve injury (PNI) led by limb trauma or malignancies, despite the improvements in surgical techniques of peripheral nerve anastomosis. It is now accepted that successful functional recovery of PNI relies tremendously on the multilevel neural plasticity from the muscle to the brain. However, animal models that recapitulate these processes are still lacking. In this report, we developed a rat model of PNI to longitudinally assess peripheral muscle reinnervation and brain functional reorganization using noninvasive imaging technology. Based on such model, we compared the longitudinal changes of the rat forepaw intrinsic muscle volume and the seed-based functional connectivity of the sensorimotor cortex after nerve repair. We found that the improvement of skilled limb function and the recovery of paw intrinsic muscle following nerve regeneration are incomplete, which correlated with the functional connectivity between the primary motor cortex and dorsal striatum. Our results were highly relevant to the clinical observations and provided a framework for future investigations that aim to study the peripheral central sensorimotor circuitry underlying skilled limb function recovery after PNI.
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45
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Eisdorfer JT, Phelan MA, Keefe KM, Rollins MM, Campion TJ, Rauscher KM, Sobotka-Briner H, Senior M, Gordon G, Smith GM, Spence AJ. Addition of angled rungs to the horizontal ladder walking task for more sensitive probing of sensorimotor changes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246298. [PMID: 33544764 PMCID: PMC7864417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One method for the evaluation of sensorimotor therapeutic interventions, the horizontal ladder walking task, analyzes locomotor changes that may occur after disease, injury, or by external manipulation. Although this task is well suited for detection of large effects, it may overlook smaller changes. The inability to detect small effect sizes may be due to a neural compensatory mechanism known as "cross limb transfer", or the contribution of the contralateral limb to estimate an injured or perturbed limb's position. The robust transfer of compensation from the contralateral limb may obscure subtle locomotor outcomes that are evoked by clinically relevant therapies, in the early onset of disease, or between higher levels of recovery. Here, we propose angled rungs as a novel modification to the horizontal ladder walking task. Easily-adjustable angled rungs force rats to locomote across a different locomotion path for each hindlimb and may therefore make information from the contralateral limb less useful. Using hM3Dq (excitatory) Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) expressed in large diameter peripheral afferents of the hindlimb in the intact animal, we characterized the sensitivity of our design to detect stepping differences by comparing locomotor changes observed on angled rungs to those observed on a standard horizontal ladder. On our novel asymmetrical ladder, activation of DREADDs resulted in significant differences in rung misses (p = 0.000011) and weight-supporting events (p = 0.049). By comparison, on a standard ladder, we did not observe differences in these parameters (p = 0.86 and p = 0.98, respectively). Additionally, no locomotor differences were detected in baseline and inactivated DREADDs trials when we compared ladder types, suggesting that the angled rungs do not change animal gait behavior unless intervention or injury is introduced. Significant changes observed with angled rungs may demonstrate more sensitive probing of locomotor changes due to the decoupling of cross limb transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn T. Eisdorfer
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Phelan
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kathleen M. Keefe
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Morgan M. Rollins
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Campion
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kaitlyn M. Rauscher
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hannah Sobotka-Briner
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mollie Senior
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gabrielle Gordon
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - George M. Smith
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Andrew J. Spence
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Complement Drives Synaptic Degeneration and Progressive Cognitive Decline in the Chronic Phase after Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurosci 2021; 41:1830-1843. [PMID: 33446516 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1734-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive deficits following traumatic brain injury (TBI) remain a major cause of disability and early-onset dementia, and there is increasing evidence that chronic neuroinflammation occurring after TBI plays an important role in this process. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms responsible for triggering and maintaining chronic inflammation after TBI. Here, we identify complement, and specifically complement-mediated microglial phagocytosis of synapses, as a pathophysiological link between acute insult and a chronic neurodegenerative response that is associated with cognitive decline. Three months after an initial insult, there is ongoing complement activation in the injured brain of male C57BL/6 mice, which drives a robust chronic neuroinflammatory response extending to both hemispheres. This chronic neuroinflammatory response promotes synaptic degeneration and predicts progressive cognitive decline. Synaptic degeneration was driven by microglial phagocytosis of complement-opsonized synapses in both the ipsilateral and contralateral brain, and complement inhibition interrupted the degenerative neuroinflammatory response and reversed cognitive decline, even when therapy was delayed until 2 months after TBI. These findings provide new insight into our understanding of TBI pathology and its management; and whereas previous therapeutic investigations have focused almost exclusively on acute treatments, we show that all phases of TBI, including at chronic time points after TBI, may be amenable to therapeutic interventions, and specifically to complement inhibition.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT There is increasing evidence of a chronic neuroinflammatory response after traumatic brain injury (TBI), but little is known about the molecular mechanisms responsible for triggering and maintaining chronic inflammation. We identify complement, and specifically complement-mediated microglial phagocytosis of synapses, as a pathophysiological link between acute insult and a chronic neurodegenerative response, and further that this response is associated with cognitive decline. Complement inhibition interrupted this response and reversed cognitive decline, even when therapy was delayed until 2 months after injury. The data further support the concept that TBI should be considered a chronic rather than an acute disease condition, and have implications for the management of TBI in the chronic phase of injury, specifically with regard to the therapeutic application of complement inhibition.
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Tejeda-Bayron FA, Rivera-Aponte DE, Malpica-Nieves CJ, Maldonado-Martínez G, Maldonado HM, Skatchkov SN, Eaton MJ. Activation of Glutamate Transporter-1 (GLT-1) Confers Sex-Dependent Neuroprotection in Brain Ischemia. Brain Sci 2021; 11:76. [PMID: 33429955 PMCID: PMC7827447 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of long-term disability. During ischemic stroke, glutamate is released, reuptake processes are impaired, and glutamate promotes excitotoxic neuronal death. Astrocytic glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) is the major transporter responsible for removing excess glutamate from the extracellular space. A translational activator of GLT-1, LDN/OSU 0212320 (LDN) has been previously developed with beneficial outcomes in epileptic animal models but has never been tested as a potential therapeutic for ischemic strokes. The present study evaluated the effects of LDN on stroke-associated brain injury. Male and female mice received LDN or vehicle 24 h before or 2 h after focal ischemia was induced in the sensorimotor cortex. Sensorimotor performance was determined using the Rung Ladder Walk and infarct area was assessed using triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Males treated with LDN exhibited upregulated GLT-1 protein levels, significantly smaller infarct size, and displayed better sensorimotor performance in comparison to those treated with vehicle only. In contrast, there was no upregulation of GLT-1 protein levels and no difference in infarct size or sensorimotor performance between vehicle- and LDN-treated females. Taken together, our results indicate that the GLT-1 translational activator LDN improved stroke outcomes in young adult male, but not female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia A. Tejeda-Bayron
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR 00960-6032, USA; (F.A.T.-B.); (D.E.R.-A.); (C.J.M.-N.)
| | - David E. Rivera-Aponte
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR 00960-6032, USA; (F.A.T.-B.); (D.E.R.-A.); (C.J.M.-N.)
| | - Christian J. Malpica-Nieves
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR 00960-6032, USA; (F.A.T.-B.); (D.E.R.-A.); (C.J.M.-N.)
| | - Gerónimo Maldonado-Martínez
- School of Chiropractic, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR 00960-6032, USA;
- Biology Department, University of Puerto Rico—Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00924-2537, USA
| | - Héctor M. Maldonado
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR 00960-6032, USA;
| | - Serguei N. Skatchkov
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR 00960-6032, USA;
| | - Misty J. Eaton
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR 00960-6032, USA; (F.A.T.-B.); (D.E.R.-A.); (C.J.M.-N.)
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48
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Liu L, Zhang Q, Li M, Wang N, Li C, Song D, Shen X, Luo L, Fan Y, Xie H, Wu Y. Early Post-Stroke Electroacupuncture Promotes Motor Function Recovery in Post-Ischemic Rats by Increasing the Blood and Brain Irisin. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:695-702. [PMID: 33688192 PMCID: PMC7935344 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s290148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies have shown that irisin, a novel peptide hormone derived from muscles, could be used as a potential therapeutic drug against ischemic stroke. Moreover, electroacupuncture (EA) is widely used in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Yet, whether irisin is involved in the EA neuroprotection remains unclear. The following study investigated the association between serum and peri-lesional cortex irisin and EA-induced post-stroke motor recovery in rats. METHODS The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) method was used to induce ischemic stroke in rats. Rats were randomly divided into two groups: a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group (MCAO rats without treatment) and an electroacupuncture (EA) group (MCAO rats treated with EA). On the 3rd day post-stroke, infarct volume, behavioral deficits, surviving neurons, irisin protein expression in peri-infarction cortex, muscle tissue, and serum were evaluated to identify the neuroprotective of EA in acute ischemic stroke. RESULTS Compared with the MCAO group, the EA group showed better behavioral performance, a smaller cerebral infarct volume, more surviving neurons, and a significant increase in irisin expression in the peri-infarction cortex and serum (p<0.05). However, no difference in irisin expression in the muscle tissue was found between the MCAO group and the EA group (p>0.05). CONCLUSION EA promotes motor function recovery, reduces the volume of cerebral infarction, and alleviates neuronal death following ischemic stroke by enhancing the expression of irisin in both the blood and peri-lesional cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianhong Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ce Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Song
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyan Shen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhui Fan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Strotton MC, Bodey AJ, Wanelik K, Hobbs C, Rau C, Bradbury EJ. The spatiotemporal spread of cervical spinal cord contusion injury pathology revealed by 3D in-line phase contrast synchrotron X-ray microtomography. Exp Neurol 2020; 336:113529. [PMID: 33220238 PMCID: PMC7840595 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extensive structural changes occur within the spinal cord following traumatic injury. Acute tissue debris and necrotic tissue are broken down, proliferating local glia and infiltrating leukocytes remodel tissue biochemical and biophysical properties, and a chronic cavity surrounded by a scar forms at the injury epicentre. Serial-section 2D histology has traditionally assessed these features in experimental models of spinal cord injury (SCI) to measure the extent of tissue pathology and evaluate efficacy of novel therapies. However, this 2D snapshot approach overlooks slice intervening features, with accurate representation of tissue compromised by mechanical processing artefacts. 3D imaging avoids these caveats and allows full exploration of the injured tissue volume to characterise whole tissue pathology. Amongst 3D imaging modalities, Synchrotron Radiation X-ray microtomography (SRμCT) is advantageous for its speed, ability to cover large tissue volumes at high resolution, and need for minimal sample processing. Here we demonstrate how extended lengths of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) rat spinal cord can be completely imaged by SRμCT with micron resolution. Label-free contrast derived from X-ray phase interactions with low-density soft tissues, reveals spinal cord white matter, gray matter, tissue damage and vasculature, with tissue still viable for targeted 2D-histology after 3D imaging. We used SRμCT to quantify tissue pathology after a midline, cervical level (C6), 225 kDyne contusion injury over acute-to-chronic (24 h to 5 weeks) post injury time points. Quantification revealed acute tissue swelling prior to chronic atrophy across the whole imaged region (spanning 2 spinal segments above and below injury), along with rostro-caudal asymmetries in white and gray matter volume loss. 3D volumes revealed satellite damage in tissue far removed from the epicentre, and extensive rostro-caudal spread of damage through the base of the dorsal columns at 24 h post injury. This damage overlapped regions of vasogenic oedema, confirmed with subsequent histology. Tissue damage at later time points in border regions was most prominent in the dorsal columns, where it overlapped sites of damaged venous vasculature. Elaborating rostro-caudal and spatiotemporal asymmetries in reduced traumatic injury models centred on these regions may inform future treatments that seek to limit the spread of tissue pathology to these ‘at-risk’ regions. Whole rat spinal cord SRμCT tomograms (up to 20 mm length) with μm resolution Pathology of 3 SHAM and 24 acute-to-chronic C6 midline contusion SCIs quantified Rostro-caudal asymmetries in gray and white matter pathology progression Differences in ascending and descending dorsal column tract pathology Delayed rostral-caudal pathology associated with sites of venous vasculature
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Affiliation(s)
- Merrick C Strotton
- King's College London, Wolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Guy's Campus, London Bridge, London SE1 1UL, UK.
| | | | | | - Carl Hobbs
- King's College London, Wolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Guy's Campus, London Bridge, London SE1 1UL, UK.
| | | | - Elizabeth J Bradbury
- King's College London, Wolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Guy's Campus, London Bridge, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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50
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Krupa P, Stepankova K, Kwok JCF, Fawcett JW, Cimermanova V, Jendelova P, Machova Urdzikova L. New Model of Ventral Spinal Cord Lesion Induced by Balloon Compression in Rats. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8110477. [PMID: 33167447 PMCID: PMC7694490 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the variety of experimental models of spinal cord injury (SCI) currently used, the model of the ventral compression cord injury, which is commonly seen in humans, is very limited. Ventral balloon compression injury reflects the common anatomical mechanism of a human lesion and has the advantage of grading the injury severity by controlling the inflated volume of the balloon. In this study, ventral compression of the SCI was performed by the anterior epidural placement of the balloon of a 2F Fogarty's catheter, via laminectomy, at the level of T10. The balloon was rapidly inflated with 10 or 15 μL of saline and rested in situ for 5 min. The severity of the lesion was assessed by behavioral and immunohistochemical tests. Compression with the volume of 15 μL resulted in severe motor and sensory deficits represented by the complete inability to move across a horizontal ladder, a final Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) score of 7.4 and a decreased withdrawal time in the plantar test (11.6 s). Histology and immunohistochemistry revealed a significant loss of white and gray matter with a loss of motoneuron, and an increased size of astrogliosis. An inflation volume of 10 μL resulted in a mild transient deficit. There are no other balloon compression models of ventral spinal cord injury. This study provided and validated a novel, easily replicable model of the ventral compression SCI, introduced by an inflated balloon of Fogarty´s catheter. For a severe incomplete deficit, an inflated volume should be maintained at 15 μL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Krupa
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 1083 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (K.S.); (J.C.K.); (J.W.F.); (V.C.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charles University, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Stepankova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 1083 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (K.S.); (J.C.K.); (J.W.F.); (V.C.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jessica CF. Kwok
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 1083 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (K.S.); (J.C.K.); (J.W.F.); (V.C.)
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - James W. Fawcett
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 1083 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (K.S.); (J.C.K.); (J.W.F.); (V.C.)
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Dept. Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Veronika Cimermanova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 1083 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (K.S.); (J.C.K.); (J.W.F.); (V.C.)
| | - Pavla Jendelova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 1083 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (K.S.); (J.C.K.); (J.W.F.); (V.C.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (P.J.); (L.M.U.); Tel.: (+420-2)-4106-2828 (P.J.); (+420-2)-4106-2619 (L.M.U.); Fax: (+420-2)-4106-2706 (P.J. & L.M.U.)
| | - Lucia Machova Urdzikova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 1083 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (K.S.); (J.C.K.); (J.W.F.); (V.C.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (P.J.); (L.M.U.); Tel.: (+420-2)-4106-2828 (P.J.); (+420-2)-4106-2619 (L.M.U.); Fax: (+420-2)-4106-2706 (P.J. & L.M.U.)
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