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Sarkar N, Mishra R, Gopal C, Kumar A. miR-617 interacts with the promoter of DDX27 and positively regulates its expression: implications for cancer therapeutics. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1411539. [PMID: 38939334 PMCID: PMC11208480 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1411539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Pervasive transcription of the eukaryotic genome generates noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), which regulate messenger RNA (mRNA) stability and translation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) represent a group of well-studied ncRNAs that maintain cellular homeostasis. Thus, any aberration in miRNA expression can cause diseases, including carcinogenesis. According to microRNA microarray analyses, intronic miR-617 is significantly downregulated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissues compared to normal oral tissues. Methods The miR-617-mediated regulation of DDX27 is established by performing experiments on OSCC cell lines, patient samples, and xenograft nude mice model. Overexpression plasmid constructs, bisulphite sequencing PCR, bioinformatics analyses, RT-qPCR, Western blotting, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and cell-based assays are utilized to delineate the role of miR-617 in OSCC. Results The present study shows that miR-617 has an anti-proliferative role in OSCC cells and is partly downregulated in OSCC cells due to the hypermethylation of its independent promoter. Further, we demonstrate that miR-617 upregulates DDX27 gene by interacting with its promoter in a dose-dependent and sequence-specific manner, and this interaction is found to be biologically relevant in OSCC patient samples. Subsequently, we show that miR-617 regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, and anchorage-independent growth of OSCC cells by modulating DDX27 levels. Besides, our study shows that miR-617 exerts its effects through the PI3K/AKT/MTOR pathway via regulating DDX27 levels. Furthermore, the OSCC xenograft study in nude mice shows the anti-tumorigenic potential of miR-617. Conclusion miR-617-mediated upregulation of DDX27 is a novel mechanism in OSCC and underscores the therapeutic potential of synthetic miR-617 mimics in cancer therapeutics. To the best of our knowledge, miR-617 is the 15th example of a miRNA that upregulates the expression of a protein-coding gene by interacting with its promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelanjana Sarkar
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Radha Mishra
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Champaka Gopal
- Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Kheraldine H, Gupta I, Cyprian FS, Vranic S, Al-Farsi HF, Merhi M, Dermime S, Al Moustafa AE. Targeting HER2-positive breast cancer cells by a combination of dasatinib and BMS-202: Insight into the molecular pathways. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:94. [PMID: 38431613 PMCID: PMC10909263 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03195-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent investigations have reported the benefits of using a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, dasatinib (DA), as well as programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors in the management of several solid tumors, including breast cancer. Nevertheless, the outcome of the combination of these inhibitors on HER2-positive breast cancer is not explored yet. METHODS Herein, we investigated the impact of DA and PD-L1 inhibitor (BMS-202) combination on HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines, SKBR3 and ZR75. RESULTS Our data reveal that the combination significantly inhibits cell viability of both cancer cell lines as compared to monotreatment. Moreover, the combination inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression and reduces cancer cell invasion by restoring E-cadherin and β-catenin expressions and loss of vimentin, major biomarkers of EMT. Additionally, the combination reduces the colony formation of both cell lines in comparison with their matched control. Also, the combination considerably inhibits the angiogenesis of the chorioallantoic membrane model compared with monotreatment. Molecular pathway analysis of treated cells shows that this combination blocks HER2, AKT, β-catenin, and JNK1/2/3 activities. CONCLUSION Our findings implicate that a combination of DA and BMS-202 could have a significant impact on the management of HER2-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel Kheraldine
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ishita Gupta
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
- Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Farhan Sachal Cyprian
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Semir Vranic
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Halema F Al-Farsi
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maysaloun Merhi
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Said Dermime
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
- Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
- Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Zhang X, Liang S, Wang E, Tao N. Fibroblasts and mouse breast cancer cells can form cellular aggregates in improved soft agar culture medium. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 478:1457-1464. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04603-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Wang L, Cybula M, Rostworowska M, Wang L, Mucha P, Bulicz M, Bieniasz M. Upregulation of Succinate Dehydrogenase (SDHA) Contributes to Enhanced Bioenergetics of Ovarian Cancer Cells and Higher Sensitivity to Anti-Metabolic Agent Shikonin. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5097. [PMID: 36291881 PMCID: PMC9599980 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We discovered that the overexpression of mitochondrial enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (SDHA) is particularly prevalent in ovarian carcinoma and promotes highly metabolically active phenotype. Succinate dehydrogenase deficiency has been previously studied in some rare disorders. However, the role of SDHA upregulation and its impact on ovarian cancer metabolism has never been investigated, emphasizing the need for further research. We investigated the functional consequences of SDHA overexpression in ovarian cancer. Using proteomics approaches and biological assays, we interrogated protein content of metabolic pathways, cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, mitochondrial respiration, glycolytic function, and ATP production rates in those cells. Lastly, we performed a drug screening to identify agents specifically targeting the SDHA overexpressing tumor cells. We showed that SDHA overexpressing cells are characterized by enhanced energy metabolism, relying on both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation to meet their energy needs. In addition, SDHA-high phenotype was associated with cell vulnerability to glucose and glutamine deprivation, which led to a substantial reduction of ATP yield. We also identified an anti-metabolic compound shikonin with a potent efficacy against SDHA overexpressing ovarian cancer cells. Our data underline the unappreciated role of SDHA in reprogramming of ovarian cancer metabolism, which represents a new opportunity for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Magdalena Bieniasz
- Aging and Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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5
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Malyarenko TV, Zakharenko VM, Kicha AA, Kuzmich AS, Malyarenko OS, Kalinovsky AI, Popov RS, Svetashev VI, Ivanchina NV. New Ceramides and Cerebrosides from the Deep-Sea Far Eastern Starfish Ceramaster patagonicus. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20100641. [PMID: 36286464 PMCID: PMC9604662 DOI: 10.3390/md20100641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Three new ceramides (1−3) and three new cerebrosides (4, 8, and 9), along with three previously known cerebrosides (ophidiocerebrosides C (5), D (6), and CE-3-2 (7)), were isolated from a deep-sea starfish species, the orange cookie starfish Ceramaster patagonicus. The structures of 1−4, 8, and 9 were determined by the NMR and ESIMS techniques and also through chemical transformations. Ceramides 1−3 contain iso-C21 or C23 Δ9-phytosphingosine as a long-chain base and have C16 or C17 (2R)-2-hydroxy-fatty acids of the normal type. Cerebroside 4 contains C22 Δ9-sphingosine anteiso-type as a long-chain base and (2R)-2-hydroxyheptadecanoic acid of the normal type, while compounds 8 and 9 contain saturated C-17 phytosphingosine anteiso-type as a long-chain base and differ from each other in the length of the polymethylene chain of (2R)-2-hydroxy-fatty acids of the normal type: C23 in 8 and C24 in 9. All the new cerebrosides (4, 8, and 9) have β-D-glucopyranose as a monosaccharide residue. The composition of neutral sphingolipids from C. patagonicus was described for the first time. The investigated compounds 1−3, 5−7, and 9 exhibit slight to moderate cytotoxic activity against human cancer cells (HT-29, SK-MEL-28, and MDA-MB-231) and normal embryonic kidney cells HEK293. Compounds 2, 5, and 6 at a concentration of 20 µM inhibit colony formation of MDA-MB-231 cells by 68%, 54%, and 68%, respectively. The colony-inhibiting activity of compounds 2, 5, and 6 is comparable to the effect of doxorubicin, which reduces the number of colonies by 70% at the same concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timofey V. Malyarenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Russky Island, Ajax Bay 10, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
- Correspondence: (T.V.M.); (N.V.I.); Tel.: +7-423-2312-360 (N.V.I.); Fax: +7-423-2314-050 (N.V.I.)
| | - Viktor M. Zakharenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Russky Island, Ajax Bay 10, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Alla A. Kicha
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Alexandra S. Kuzmich
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Olesya S. Malyarenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Anatoly I. Kalinovsky
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Roman S. Popov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Vasily I. Svetashev
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Palchevskogo 17, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Ivanchina
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
- Correspondence: (T.V.M.); (N.V.I.); Tel.: +7-423-2312-360 (N.V.I.); Fax: +7-423-2314-050 (N.V.I.)
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Mekkawy SA, Abdalla MS, Omran MM, Hassan NM, Abdelfattah R, Abdel-Salam IM. Cancer Stem Cells as a Prognostic Biomarker and Therapeutic Target Using Curcumin/ Piperine Extract for Multiple Myeloma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022; 23:3507-3515. [PMID: 36308377 PMCID: PMC9924316 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.10.3507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological bone marrow malignancy that can be treated but is usually fatal. Medication resistance is the major cause of relapses due to cancer stem cells (CSCs). As a result, this study aimed to identify multiple myeloma cancer stem cells (MMCSCs) in the bone marrow of twelve MM patients with pathological complete response (pCR) after chemotherapy and to investigate the potential effect of Curcumin/Piperine (C/P) extract as an anti-MMCSCs treatment in twenty newly diagnosed patients. METHODS This study included twenty bone marrow (BM) samples from newly diagnosed MM patients and twelve BM samples from pCR patients after a year of treatment. The MTT test was performed to assess the treatment's effective dosage. A flow cytometer was used to identify MMCSCs, cell cycle profile, extract's apoptotic activity, and proliferation marker in the selected samples. Also, a colony formation test and stemness protein were investigated. RESULTS In newly diagnosed MM patients, the C/P extract suppressed MMCSCs by 64.71% for CD138-/CD19- and 38.31% for CD38++. In MM patients' samples obtained after one year of treatment, the MMCSCs inhibition percentage reached 44.71% (P < 0.008) for CD138-/CD19- and 36.94% (P < 0.221) for CD38++. According to cell cycle analyses, the number of cells treated with C/P extract was significantly reduced in the S and G0/G1 phases (87.38%: 35.15%, and 4.83%: 2.17% respectively), with a rapid increase in the G2/M phases (1.1%: 2.2%.). MMCSCs apoptosis was identified using a flow cytometer and Annexin-V. Multiple myeloma stem cell (MMCSC) proliferation was inhibited. Clonogenicity was suppressed by 60%, and stemness protein expression was reduced by 70%. CONCLUSION MMCSCs in the bone marrow of MM-pCR patients can be utilized as a prognostic tool to predict recurrent multiple myeloma incidence. Also, the therapeutic potential of C/P extract as a prospective anti-MM drug targeting MMCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A. Mekkawy
- Molecular Biotechnology program, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt. ,For Correspondence:
| | - Mohga S. Abdalla
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M. Omran
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Naglaa M. Hassan
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Raafat Abdelfattah
- Medical Oncology Department, National cancer institute, Cairo University, Egypt.
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Ivasechko I, Yushyn I, Roszczenko P, Senkiv J, Finiuk N, Lesyk D, Holota S, Czarnomysy R, Klyuchivska O, Khyluk D, Kashchak N, Gzella A, Bielawski K, Bielawska A, Stoika R, Lesyk R. Development of Novel Pyridine-Thiazole Hybrid Molecules as Potential Anticancer Agents. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196219. [PMID: 36234755 PMCID: PMC9570594 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel pyridine-thiazole hybrid molecules were synthesized and subjected to physico-chemical characterization and screening of their cytotoxic action towards a panel of cell lines derived from different types of tumors (carcinomas of colon, breast, and lung, glioblastoma and leukemia), and normal human keratinocytes, for comparison. High antiproliferative activity of the 3-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-[4-methyl-2-(pyridin-2-ylamino)-thiazol-5-yl]-propenone 3 and 4-(2-{1-(2-fluorophenyl)-3-[4-methyl-2-(pyridin-2-ylamino)-thiazol-5-yl]-3-oxopropylsulfanyl}-acetylamino)-benzoic acid ethyl ester 4 was revealed. The IC50 of the compound 3 in HL-60 cells of the acute human promyelocytic leukemia was 0.57 µM, while in the pseudo-normal human cell lines, the IC50 of this compound was >50 µM, which suggests that the compounds 3 and 4 might be perspective anticancer agents. The detected selectivity of the derivatives 3 and 4 for cancer cell lines inspired us to study the mechanisms of their cytotoxic action. It was shown that preincubation of tumor cells with Fluzaparib (inhibitor of PARP1) reduced the cytotoxic activity of the derivatives 3 and 4 by more than twice. The ability of these compounds to affect DNA nativity and cause changes in nucleus morphology allows for the suggestion that the mechanism of action of the novel pyridine-thiazole derivatives might be related to inducing the genetic instability in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Ivasechko
- Institute of Cell Biology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 14/16 Drahomanov Str., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Ihor Yushyn
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Piotr Roszczenko
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Julia Senkiv
- Institute of Cell Biology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 14/16 Drahomanov Str., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Nataliya Finiuk
- Institute of Cell Biology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 14/16 Drahomanov Str., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Danylo Lesyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Serhii Holota
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Robert Czarnomysy
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Olga Klyuchivska
- Institute of Cell Biology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 14/16 Drahomanov Str., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Khyluk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Racławickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Nataliya Kashchak
- Institute of Cell Biology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 14/16 Drahomanov Str., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Andrzej Gzella
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Bielawski
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Bielawska
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Rostyslav Stoika
- Institute of Cell Biology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 14/16 Drahomanov Str., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Roman Lesyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +380-677038010
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Chava S, Bugide S, Malvi P, Gupta R. Co-targeting of specific epigenetic regulators in combination with CDC7 potently inhibit melanoma growth. iScience 2022; 25:104752. [PMID: 35942091 PMCID: PMC9356103 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly aggressive skin cancer that frequently metastasizes, but current therapies only benefit some patients. Here, we demonstrate that the serine/threonine kinase cell division cycle 7 (CDC7) is overexpressed in melanoma, and patients with higher expression have shorter survival. Transcription factor ELK1 regulates CDC7 expression, and CDC7 inhibition promotes cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis, leading to inhibition of melanoma tumor growth and metastasis. Our chemical genetics screen with epigenetic inhibitors revealed stronger melanoma tumor growth inhibition when XL413 is combined with the EZH2 inhibitor GSK343 or BRPF1/2/3 inhibitor OF1. Mechanistically, XL413 with GSK343 or OF1 synergistically altered the expression of tumor-suppressive genes, leading to higher apoptosis than the single agent alone. Collectively, these results identify CDC7 as a driver of melanoma tumor growth and metastasis that can be targeted alone or in combination with EZH2 or BRPF1/2/3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Chava
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Suresh Bugide
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Parmanand Malvi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Romi Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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Gonzalez-Salinas F, Martinez-Amador C, Trevino V. Characterizing genes associated with cancer using the CRISPR/Cas9 system: A systematic review of genes and methodological approaches. Gene 2022; 833:146595. [PMID: 35598687 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 system enables a versatile set of genomes editing and genetic-based disease modeling tools due to its high specificity, efficiency, and accessible design and implementation. In cancer, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has been used to characterize genes and explore different mechanisms implicated in tumorigenesis. Different experimental strategies have been proposed in recent years, showing dependency on various intrinsic factors such as cancer type, gene function, mutation type, and technical approaches such as cell line, Cas9 expression, and transfection options. However, the successful methodological approaches, genes, and other experimental factors have not been analyzed. We, therefore, initially considered more than 1,300 research articles related to CRISPR/Cas9 in cancer to finally examine more than 400 full-text research publications. We summarize findings regarding target genes, RNA guide designs, cloning, Cas9 delivery systems, cell enrichment, and experimental validations. This analysis provides valuable information and guidance for future cancer gene validation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gonzalez-Salinas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Morones Prieto avenue 3000, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64710, Mexico
| | - Claudia Martinez-Amador
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Morones Prieto avenue 3000, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64710, Mexico
| | - Victor Trevino
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Morones Prieto avenue 3000, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64710, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Eugenio Garza Sada avenue 2501, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64849, México.
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10
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EZH2 endorses cell plasticity to non-small cell lung cancer cells facilitating mesenchymal to epithelial transition and tumour colonization. Oncogene 2022; 41:3611-3624. [PMID: 35680984 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Reversible transition between the epithelial and mesenchymal states are key aspects of carcinoma cell dissemination and the metastatic disease, and thus, characterizing the molecular basis of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is crucial to find druggable targets and more effective therapeutic approaches in cancer. Emerging studies suggest that epigenetic regulators might endorse cancer cells with the cell plasticity required to conduct dynamic changes in cell state during EMT. However, epigenetic mechanisms involved remain mostly unknown. Polycomb Repressive Complexes (PRCs) proteins are well-established epigenetic regulators of development and stem cell differentiation, but their role in different cancer systems is inconsistent and sometimes paradoxical. In this study, we have analysed the role of the PRC2 protein EZH2 in lung carcinoma cells. We found that besides its described role in CDKN2A-dependent cell proliferation, EZH2 upholds the epithelial state of cancer cells by repressing the transcription of hundreds of mesenchymal genes. Chemical inhibition or genetic removal of EZH2 promotes the residence of cancer cells in the mesenchymal state during reversible epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In fitting, analysis of human patient samples and tumour xenograft models indicate that EZH2 is required to efficiently repress mesenchymal genes and facilitate tumour colonization in vivo. Overall, this study discloses a novel role of PRC2 as a master regulator of EMT in carcinoma cells. This finding has important implications for the design of therapies based on EZH2 inhibitors in human cancer patients.
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Olivera-Salazar R, García-Arranz M, Sánchez A, Olmedillas-López S, Vega-Clemente L, Serrano LJ, Herrera B, García-Olmo D. Oncological transformation in vitro of hepatic progenitor cell lines isolated from adult mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3149. [PMID: 35210455 PMCID: PMC8873244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06427-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer cells can transfer the oncogene KRAS to distant cells, predisposing them to malignant transformation (Genometastasis Theory). This process could contribute to liver metastasis; besides, hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) have been found to be involved in liver malignant neoplasms. The objective of this study is to determine if mouse HPCs—Oval cells (OCs)—are susceptible to incorporate Kras GAT (G12D) mutation from mouse colorectal cancer cell line CT26.WT and if OCs with the incorporated mutation behave like malignant cells. To achieve this, three lines of OCs in different conditions were exposed to CT26.WT cells through transwell co-culture for a week. The presence of KrasG12D and capacity to form tumors were analyzed in treated samples by droplet digital PCR and colony-forming assays, respectively. The results showed that the KrasG12D mutation was detected in hepatic culture conditions of undifferentiated OCs and these cells were capable of forming tumors in vitro. Therefore, OCs are susceptible to malignant transformation by horizontal transfer of DNA with KrasG12D mutation in an undifferentiated condition associated with the liver microenvironment. This study contributes to a new step in the understanding of the colorectal metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Olivera-Salazar
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mariano García-Arranz
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Olmedillas-López
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luz Vega-Clemente
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Javier Serrano
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Herrera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Damián García-Olmo
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgery, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Wei J, Zheng X, Li W, Li X, Fu Z. Sestrin2 reduces cancer stemness via Wnt/β-catenin signaling in colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:75. [PMID: 35148781 PMCID: PMC8840770 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02498-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in both men and women in China. In previous studies, Sestrin2 was demonstrated to have functions in CRC. However, the relationship between Sestrin2 and cancer stemness has not been reported. Methods and results To investigate the contribution of Sestrin2 in CRC, we performed bioinformatics analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets and found that Sestrin2 was downregulated in CRC. Using a lentivirus vector, we verified that Sestrin2 suppressed CRC cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation. Furthermore, sphere formation, flow cytometry, quantitative PCR, and western blot analysis verified the influence of Sestrin2 on cancer stemness, including the expression of cluster of differentiation 44, octamer-binding transcription factor 4, sex-determining region Y-Box 2, CXC chemokine receptor 4, and the Wnt pathway downstream factors β-catenin and c-Myc. Consistently, the Wnt pathway activator BML-284 partially rescued the effects of Sestrin2 on the expression of proteins related to cancer stemness. Furthermore, in a mouse xenoplant model, tumors expressing Sestrin2 were significantly reduced in size with corresponding changes in cancer stemness. Conclusions Collectively, our results suggest that Sestrin2 inhibits CRC cell progression by downregulating the Wnt signaling pathway. Thus, Sestrin2 may be a promising therapeutic target for CRC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-022-02498-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlai Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiangru Zheng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongxue Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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13
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Zhou J, Xiong R, Zhou J, Guan X, Jiang G, Chen Y, Yang Q. Involvement of m6A regulatory factor IGF2BP1 in malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial Beas-2B cells induced by tobacco carcinogen NNK. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 436:115849. [PMID: 34974052 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a Group 1 human carcinogen, as classified by the International Agency for Research of Cancer (IARC), and plays a significant role in lung carcinogenesis. However, its carcinogenic mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we performed colony formation assays, soft-agar assays, and tumor growth in nude mice to show that 100 mg/L NNK facilitates the malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial Beas-2B cells. Transcriptome sequencing showed that insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1), a post-transcriptional regulator, was differentially expressed in NNK-induced malignant transformed Beas-2B cells (2B-NNK cells). Small interfering RNA (SiRNA) was used to downregulate the expression of the IGF2BP1 gene. The reduction in protein expression, cell proliferation rate, and colony-forming ability and the increase in the apoptosis rate of Beas-2B cells transfected with the SiRNA indicated a role for IGF2BP1 in NNK-induced malignant transformation. IGF2BP1 is an N6-methyladenosine (m6A) regulatory factor, but it is not known whether its association with m6A mediates the malignant transformation of cells. Therefore, we measured the overall levels of m6A in Beas-2B cells. We found that the overall m6A level was lower in 2B-NNK cells, and knocking down IGF2BP1, the overall level of m6A was restored. Hence, we concluded that IGF2BP1 is involved in the NNK-induced malignant transformation of Beas-2B cells, possibly via m6A modification. This study therefore contributes novel insights into the environmental pathogenesis of lung cancer and the gene regulatory mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhou
- The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Rui Xiong
- The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Jiazhen Zhou
- The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Xinchao Guan
- The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Guanqing Jiang
- The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Yuyang Chen
- School of Anesthesiology, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qiaoyuan Yang
- The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511436, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151 Yanjiang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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14
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Liu QH, Dai GR, Wang XN, Wang L, Li LL, Wu ZS, Xia RX. CDK12 activates MYC to repress miR-28-5p/EZH2 and amplifies tonic BCR signaling to promote the development of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1207-1216. [PMID: 35082399 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00415-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) is a transcription-associated kinase that participates in various cellular processes. However, its regulatory role in the progression of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), which is the most prevalent subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), is still elusive and controversial.The expression of CDK12 was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC), RT-qPCR was performed to detect miR-28-5p expression of OCI-LY3 and SU-DHL-4 cells. MTT and soft agarose colony formation assays were used to detect cell proliferation. The cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. The protein expressions changes of MYC, EZH2 and the biomarkers of BCR signaling were also detected. A subcutaneous transplantation tumor model of OCI-LY3 cells in nude mice was established to evaluate anticarcinogenic activities of CDK12 knockdown. Elevated expression of CDK12 was observed while miR-28-5p was downregulated in DLBCL tissues. CDK12 knockdown or miR-28-5p overexpression could inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of DLBCL cells. miR-28-5p inhibition could reverse the effect of CDK12 knockdown on proliferation and apoptosis of DLBCL cells. In addition, CDK12 knockdown could inhibit DLBCL tumor growth in the mice model. CDK12 activated MYC to repress miR-28-5p/EZH2 and amplified tonic BCR signaling to promote the development of DLBCL, which might provide potential therapeutic targets for future therapeutic intervention in DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Hua Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Guan-Rong Dai
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiao-Nan Wang
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Li-Li Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zheng-Sheng Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Rui-Xiang Xia
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, Anhui Province, China.
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15
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Orozco Morales ML, Rinaldi CA, de Jong E, Lansley SM, Gummer JP, Olasz B, Nambiar S, Hope DE, Casey TH, Lee YCG, Leslie C, Nealon G, Shackleford DM, Powell AK, Grimaldi M, Balaguer P, Zemek RM, Bosco A, Piggott MJ, Vrielink A, Lake RA, Lesterhuis WJ. PPARα and PPARγ activation is associated with pleural mesothelioma invasion but therapeutic inhibition is ineffective. iScience 2022; 25:103571. [PMID: 34984327 PMCID: PMC8692993 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesothelioma is a cancer that typically originates in the pleura of the lungs. It rapidly invades the surrounding tissues, causing pain and shortness of breath. We compared cell lines injected either subcutaneously or intrapleurally and found that only the latter resulted in invasive and rapid growth. Pleural tumors displayed a transcriptional signature consistent with increased activity of nuclear receptors PPARα and PPARγ and with an increased abundance of endogenous PPAR-activating ligands. We found that chemical probe GW6471 is a potent, dual PPARα/γ antagonist with anti-invasive and anti-proliferative activity in vitro. However, administration of GW6471 at doses that provided sustained plasma exposure levels sufficient for inhibition of PPARα/γ transcriptional activity did not result in significant anti-mesothelioma activity in mice. Lastly, we demonstrate that the in vitro anti-tumor effect of GW6471 is off-target. We conclude that dual PPARα/γ antagonism alone is not a viable treatment modality for mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Lizeth Orozco Morales
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Catherine A. Rinaldi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy Characterisation and Analysis, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Emma de Jong
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, West Perth, WA 6872, Australia
| | | | - Joel P.A. Gummer
- School of Science, Department of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
- UWA Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Bence Olasz
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Shabarinath Nambiar
- School of Veterinary and Life Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Danika E. Hope
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Thomas H. Casey
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Y. C. Gary Lee
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Connull Leslie
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Gareth Nealon
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - David M. Shackleford
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew K. Powell
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Marina Grimaldi
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier 34090, France
| | - Patrick Balaguer
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier 34090, France
| | - Rachael M. Zemek
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, West Perth, WA 6872, Australia
| | - Anthony Bosco
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, West Perth, WA 6872, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Piggott
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Alice Vrielink
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Richard A. Lake
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - W. Joost Lesterhuis
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, West Perth, WA 6872, Australia
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16
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Tang X, Cheng L, Li G, Yan YM, Su F, Huang DL, Zhang S, Liu Z, Qian M, Li J, Cheng YX, Liu B. A small-molecule compound D6 overcomes EGFR-T790M-mediated resistance in non-small cell lung cancer. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1391. [PMID: 34903832 PMCID: PMC8668973 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02906-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a deadly and highly prevalent malignancy. Targeting activated-EGFR mutations in NSCLC via EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) initially achieves a profound therapeutic response, but resistance frequently evolves, reducing treatment options. Here, we present a small-molecule compound D6 which selectively inhibits tumor cell growth and migration in NSCLC cells with EGFR-TKI-resistant T790M-EGFR-activated mutations (T790M-EGFR-AM), e.g., L858R/T790M, 19Del/T790M and L858R/T790M/C797S. D6 mimics a natural product isolated from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula and selectively competes with T790M-EGFR-AM to bind to HSP90, thus facilitating the ubiquitination dependent proteasomal degradation of T790M-EGFR-AM. By contrast, D6 has little impact on typical HSP90 chaperone activity, suggesting low systemic toxicity. Promisingly, D6 combined with erlotinib or osimertinib shows efficacy in overcoming the EGFR-TKIs-resistance in NSCLCs. Our study raises an alternative strategy to overcome T790M-mediated EGFR-TKI resistance in NSCLC via targeting the protein-protein interaction of HSP90 and T790M-EGFR by intervention with D6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Tang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SKL-SAI), School of Basic Medical Sciences; Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Lizhi Cheng
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SKL-SAI), School of Basic Medical Sciences; Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guo Li
- grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong-Ming Yan
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SKL-SAI), School of Basic Medical Sciences; Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fengting Su
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SKL-SAI), School of Basic Medical Sciences; Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan-Ling Huang
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SKL-SAI), School of Basic Medical Sciences; Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zuojun Liu
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SKL-SAI), School of Basic Medical Sciences; Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Minxian Qian
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SKL-SAI), School of Basic Medical Sciences; Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ji Li
- grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SKL-SAI), School of Basic Medical Sciences; Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Baohua Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SKL-SAI), School of Basic Medical Sciences; Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China. .,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China. .,National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen); Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering; International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China. .,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China.
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17
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Evaluation of two in vitro assays for tumorigenicity assessment of CRISPR-Cas9 genome-edited cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2021; 23:241-253. [PMID: 34703845 PMCID: PMC8505356 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Off-target editing is one of the main safety concerns for the use of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in gene therapy. These unwanted modifications could lead to malignant transformation, which renders tumorigenicity assessment of gene therapy products indispensable. In this study, we established two in vitro transformation assays, the soft agar colony-forming assay (SACF) and the growth in low attachment assay (GILA) as alternative methods for tumorigenicity evaluation of genome-edited cells. Using a CRISPR-Cas9-based approach to transform immortalized MCF10A cells, we identified PTPN12, a known tumor suppressor, as a valid positive control in GILA and SACF. Next, we measured the limit of detection for both assays and proved that SACF is more sensitive than GILA (0.8% versus 3.1% transformed cells). We further validated SACF and GILA by identifying a set of positive and negative controls and by testing the suitability of another cell line (THLE-2). Moreover, in contrast to SACF and GILA, an in vivo tumorigenicity study failed to detect the known tumorigenic potential of PTPN12 deletion, demonstrating the relevance of GILA and SACF in tumorigenicity testing. In conclusion, SACF and GILA are both attractive and valuable additions to preclinical safety assessment of gene therapy products.
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18
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Upregulation of p53 by tannic acid treatment suppresses the proliferation of human colorectal carcinoma. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2021; 71:587-602. [PMID: 36651555 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2021-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The present study's objective is to clarify the molecular mechanisms of tannic acid effects on the viability of human colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Tannic acid is stable for up to 48 h and is localized in both cytoplasm and nucleus. It dose-dependently inhibited the viability of CRC cell lines; SW-620 and HT-29 with IC 50 values of 7.2 ± 0.8 and 37.6 ± 1.4 µmol L-1. Besides, metastatic, invasive, and colony formation properties of CRC cells were significantly inhibited following the tannic acid treatment (p < 0.001). Tannic acid has been found to modulate enzyme, protein, and gene expressions of NQO1 in different levels and the upregulation of protein/gene expressions of p53 (p < 0.001), which leads the cells to trigger apoptosis. In conclusion, the present in vitro study may supply a significant background for in vivo studies in which the molecular mechanisms of antioxidant and chemopreventive activities of tannic acid will completely clarify.
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19
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GPI-80 Augments NF-κB Activation in Tumor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112027. [PMID: 34769456 PMCID: PMC8584666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have discovered a relationship between glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein 80 (GPI-80)/VNN2 (80 kDa GPI-anchored protein) and malignant tumors. GPI-80 is known to regulate neutrophil adhesion; however, the action of GPI-80 on tumors is still obscure. In this study, although the expression of GPI-80 mRNA was detectable in several tumor cell lines, the levels of GPI-80 protein were significantly lower than that in neutrophils. To clarify the function of GPI-80 in tumor cells, GPI-80-expressing cells and GPI-80/VNN2 gene-deleted cells were established using PC3 prostate cancer cells. In GPI-80-expressing cells, GPI-80 was mainly detected in vesicles. Furthermore, soluble GPI-80 in the conditioned medium was associated with the exosome marker CD63 and was also detected in the plasma obtained from prostate cancer patients. Unexpectedly, cell adhesion and migration of GPI-80-expressing PC3 cells were not modulated by anti-GPI-80 antibody treatment. However, similar to the GPI-80 family molecule, VNN1, the pantetheinase activity and oxidative state were augmented in GPI-80-expressing cells. GPI-80-expressing cells facilitated non-adhesive proliferation, slow cell proliferation, NF-κB activation and IL-1β production. These phenomena are known to be induced by physiological elevation of the oxidative state. Thus, these observations indicated that GPI-80 affects various tumor responses related to oxidation.
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20
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Purification of Colon Carcinoma Cells from Primary Colon Tumor Using a Filtration Method via Porous Polymeric Filters. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193411. [PMID: 34641226 PMCID: PMC8513025 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) or cancer-initiating cells (CICs) are key factors for tumor generation and metastasis. We investigated a filtration method to enhance CSCs (CICs) from colon carcinoma HT-29 cells and primary colon carcinoma cells derived from patient colon tumors using poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid)/silk screen (PLGA/SK) filters. The colon carcinoma cell solutions were permeated via porous filters to obtain a permeation solution. Then, the cell cultivation media were permeated via the filters to obtain the recovered solution, where the colon carcinoma cells that adhered to the filters were washed off into the recovered solution. Subsequently, the filters were incubated in the culture media to obtain the migrated cells via the filters. Colon carcinoma HT-29 cells with high tumorigenicity, which might be CSCs (CICs), were enhanced in the cells in the recovered solution and in the migrated cells based on the CSC (CIC) marker expression, colony-forming unit assay, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) production. Although primary colon carcinoma cells isolated from colon tumor tissues contained fibroblast-like cells, the primary colon carcinoma cells were purified from fibroblast-like cells by filtration through PLGA/SK filters, indicating that the filtration method is effective in purifying primary colon carcinoma cells.
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21
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Poly(ADP)-Ribosylation Inhibition: A Promising Approach for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194973. [PMID: 34638458 PMCID: PMC8507656 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and glycohydrolase (PARG) enzymes regulate chromatin structure, transcription activation, and DNA repair by modulating poly(ADP-ribose) (pADPr) level. Interest in PARP-1 inhibitors has soared recently with the recognition of their antitumor efficacy. We have shown that the development of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is associated with extreme accumulation of pADPr caused by the enhanced expression of PARP-1 and decreased PARG levels. The most severe misregulation of pADPr turnover is found in ccRCC specimens from metastatic lesions. Both, classical NAD-like and non-NAD-like PARP-1 inhibitors reduced viability and clonogenic potential of ccRCC cell lines and suppressed growth of ccRCC xenograft tumors. However, classical NAD-like PARP-1 inhibitors affected viability of normal kidney epithelial cells at high concentrations, while novel non-NAD-like PARP-1 inhibitors exhibited activity against malignant cells only. We have also utilized different approaches to reduce the pADPr level in ccRCC cells by stably overexpressing PARG and demonstrated the prominent antitumor effect of this "back-to-normal" intervention. We also generated ccRCC cell lines with stable overexpression of PARG under doxycycline induction. This genetic approach demonstrated significantly affected malignancy of ccRCC cells. Transcriptome analysis linked observed phenotype with changes in gene expression levels for lipid metabolism, interferon signaling, and angiogenesis pathways along with the changes in expression of key cancer-related genes.
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22
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Lin HH, Robertson KL, Bisbee HA, Farkas ME. Oncogenic and Circadian Effects of Small Molecules Directly and Indirectly Targeting the Core Circadian Clock. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 19:1534735420924094. [PMID: 32493076 PMCID: PMC7273620 DOI: 10.1177/1534735420924094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are essential for controlling the cell cycle, cellular
proliferation, and apoptosis, and hence are tightly linked to cell fate. Several
recent studies have used small molecules to affect circadian oscillations;
however, their concomitant cellular effects were not assessed, and they have not
been compared under similar experimental conditions. In this work, we use five
molecules, grouped into direct versus indirect effectors of the circadian clock,
to modulate periods in a human osteosarcoma cell line (U2OS) and determine their
influences on cellular behaviors, including motility and colony formation.
Luciferase reporters, whose expression was driven via Bmal1- or
Per2-promoters, were used to facilitate the visualization
and quantitative analysis of circadian oscillations. We show that all molecules
increase or decrease the circadian periods of Bmal1 and
Per2 in a dose-dependent manner, but period length does not
correlate with the extent of cell migration or proliferation. Nonetheless,
molecules that affected circadian oscillations to a greater degree resulted in
substantial influence on cellular behaviors (ie, motility and colony formation),
which may also be attributable to noncircadian targets. Furthermore, we find
that the ability and extent to which the molecules are able to affect
oscillations is independent of whether they are direct or indirect modulators.
Because of the numerous connections and feedback between the circadian clock and
other pathways, it is important to consider the effects of both in assessing
these and other compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hsien Lin
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
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23
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Young CH, Snow B, DeVore SB, Mohandass A, Nemmara VV, Thompson PR, Thyagarajan B, Navratil AM, Cherrington BD. Progesterone stimulates histone citrullination to increase IGFBP1 expression in uterine cells. Reproduction 2021; 162:117-127. [PMID: 34034233 PMCID: PMC8284904 DOI: 10.1530/rep-21-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminases (PAD) enzymes were initially characterized in uteri, but since then little research has examined their function in this tissue. PADs post-translationally convert arginine residues in target proteins to citrulline and are highly expressed in ovine caruncle epithelia and ovine uterine luminal epithelial (OLE)-derived cell line. Progesterone (P4) not only maintains the uterine epithelia but also regulates the expression of endometrial genes that code for proteins that comprise the histotroph and are critical during early pregnancy. Given this, we tested whether P4 stimulates PAD-catalyzed histone citrullination to epigenetically regulate expression of the histotroph gene insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) in OLE cells. 100 nM P4 significantly increases IGFBP1 mRNA expression; however, this increase is attenuated by pre-treating OLE cells with 100 nM progesterone receptor antagonist RU486 or 2 µM of a pan-PAD inhibitor. P4 treatment of OLE cells also stimulates citrullination of histone H3 arginine residues 2, 8, and 17 leading to enrichment of the ovine IGFBP1 gene promoter. Since PAD2 nuclear translocation and catalytic activity require calcium, we next investigated whether P4 triggers calcium influx in OLE cells. OLE cells were pre-treated with 10 nM nicardipine, an L-type calcium channel blocker, followed by stimulation with P4. Using fura2-AM imaging, we found that P4 initiates a rapid calcium influx through L-type calcium channels in OLE cells. Furthermore, this influx is necessary for PAD2 nuclear translocation and resulting citrullination of histone H3 arginine residues 2, 8, and 17. Our work suggests that P4 stimulates rapid calcium influx through L-type calcium channels initiating PAD-catalyzed histone citrullination and an increase in IGFBP1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coleman H Young
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Bryce Snow
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Stanley B DeVore
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Venkatesh V Nemmara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Paul R Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Amy M Navratil
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Brian D Cherrington
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
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24
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Reduced Lamin A/C Does Not Facilitate Cancer Cell Transendothelial Migration but Compromises Lung Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102383. [PMID: 34069191 PMCID: PMC8157058 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which the nuclear lamina of tumor cells influences tumor growth and migration are highly disputed. Lamin A and its variant lamin C are key lamina proteins that control nucleus stiffness and chromatin conformation. Downregulation of lamin A/C in two prototypic metastatic lines, B16F10 melanoma and E0771 breast carcinoma, facilitated cell squeezing through rigid pores, and reduced heterochromatin content. Surprisingly, both lamin A/C knockdown cells grew poorly in 3D spheroids within soft agar, and lamin A/C deficient cells derived from spheroids transcribed lower levels of the growth regulator Yap1. Unexpectedly, the transendothelial migration of both cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, through lung capillaries, was not elevated by lamin A/C knockdown and their metastasis in lungs was even dramatically reduced. Our results are the first indication that reduced lamin A/C content in distinct types of highly metastatic cancer cells does not elevate their transendothelial migration (TEM) capacity and diapedesis through lung vessels but can compromise lung metastasis at a post extravasation level.
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25
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Uwada J, Mukai S, Terada N, Nakazawa H, Islam MS, Nagai T, Fujii M, Yamasaki K, Taniguchi T, Kamoto T, Yazawa T. Pleiotropic effects of probenecid on three-dimensional cultures of prostate cancer cells. Life Sci 2021; 278:119554. [PMID: 33932444 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Chemoresistance remains a persistent challenge in advanced prostate cancer therapy. Probenecid reportedly inhibits multiple drug-efflux transporters; hence, it can be employed as a potential sensitizer for chemotherapy. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of probenecid on three-dimensional (3D)-cultures of prostate cancer cells. MAIN METHODS Prostate cancer cell lines, 22Rv1 and PC-3 were cultured as multicellular tumor spheroids. The effects of probenecid were evaluated using the MTT assay for viability, microscopy for spheroid size, and soft agar colony formation assay for anchorage-independent growth. KEY FINDINGS The 3D-cultured 22Rv1 cells were less sensitive to cisplatin and doxorubicin than two-dimensional (2D) cell culture. Co-administration of probenecid at a low (100 or 300 μM), but not high (500 μM), concentration increased the sensitivity to cisplatin or doxorubicin in 22Rv1 spheroids. Probenecid increased the expression of ABCG2, a multidrug resistance transporter, in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, treatment with probenecid alone reduced the growth of 22Rv1 spheroids. Conversely, probenecid inhibited spheroid compaction rather than growth inhibition in 3D-cultured PC-3 cells. Moreover, probenecid inhibited colony formation of 22Rv1 and PC-3 cells in soft agar, as well as downregulated focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a crucial factor in anchorage-independent growth. SIGNIFICANCE In 3D-cultured prostate cancer cells, probenecid demonstrated pleiotropic effects such as chemosensitization, growth suppression, inhibition of spheroid compaction, and suppression of anchorage-independent growth. Elucidating the detailed mechanism underlying these probenecid actions could result in the identification of novel therapeutic targets toward the advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsuke Uwada
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan.
| | - Shoichiro Mukai
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Naoki Terada
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Hitomi Nakazawa
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | | | - Takahiro Nagai
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Masato Fujii
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Koji Yamasaki
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | | | - Toshiyuki Kamoto
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Takashi Yazawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
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26
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The Combination of Zerumbone and 5-FU: A Significant Therapeutic Strategy in Sensitizing Colorectal Cancer Cells to Treatment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6635874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. Chemotherapy is considered to be essential in the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), but drug resistance reduces its efficacy. Many patients with advanced CRC eventually show resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) therapy. Synergistic and potentiating effects of combination therapy, using herbal and chemical drugs, can improve patients’ response. Zerumbone (ZER), which is derived from ginger, has been studied for its growth inhibitory function in various types of cancer. Methods. The cytotoxic effects of ZER and 5-FU alone and their combination, on the SW48 and HCT-116 cells, were examined, using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT). The mRNA and protein levels of β-catenin, survivin, and vimentin were measured in treated CRC cells, using qRT-PCR and western blot. Colony formation assay, scratch test, and flow cytometry were performed to detect the changes of proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Key Findings. In HCT-116- and SW48-treated cells, the proliferation, the gene and protein expression levels of the markers, the migration, the colony formation, and the survival rates were all significantly reduced compared to the control groups, and the sharpest decline was observed in the 5-FU+ZER treatment groups. Conclusions. Combination therapy has shown promising results in CRC cells, especially in drug-resistant cells.
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27
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Ito RE, Oneyama C, Aoki K. Oncogenic mutation or overexpression of oncogenic KRAS or BRAF is not sufficient to confer oncogene addiction. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249388. [PMID: 33793658 PMCID: PMC8016361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogene addiction is a cellular property by which cancer cells become highly dependent on the expression of oncogenes for their survival. Oncogene addiction can be exploited to design molecularly targeted drugs that kill only cancer cells by inhibiting the specific oncogenes. Genes and cell lines exhibiting oncogene addiction, as well as the mechanisms by which cell death is induced when addicted oncogenes are suppressed, have been extensively studied. However, it is still not fully understood how oncogene addiction is acquired in cancer cells. Here, we take a synthetic biology approach to investigate whether oncogenic mutation or oncogene expression suffices to confer the property of oncogene addiction to cancer cells. We employed human mammary epithelium-derived MCF-10A cells expressing the oncogenic KRAS or BRAF. MCF-10A cells harboring an oncogenic mutation in a single-allele of KRAS or BRAF showed weak transformation activity, but no characteristics of oncogene addiction. MCF-10A cells overexpressing oncogenic KRAS demonstrated the transformation activity, but MCF-10A cells overexpressing oncogenic BRAF did not. Neither cell line exhibited any oncogene addiction properties. These results indicate that the introduction of oncogenic mutation or the overexpression of oncogenes is not sufficient for cells to acquire oncogene addiction, and that oncogene addiction is not associated with transformation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina E. Ito
- Quantitative Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Chitose Oneyama
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Quantitative Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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28
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Chakravarty V, Anandi L, Ashiq KA, Abhijith K, Umesh R, Lahiri M. Prolonged Exposure to Platelet Activating Factor Transforms Breast Epithelial Cells. Front Genet 2021; 12:634938. [PMID: 33841500 PMCID: PMC8027472 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.634938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid species are known to have various biological functions owing to their structural differences, and each of them possesses a specific role to play depending upon their location and distribution in the cell. Some of these lipids interact with proteins on the cell membrane and acts as second messengers. The level of lipid mediators is generally maintained in the cell by feedback mechanisms; however, their improper degradation or enhanced production leads to their accumulation in the tumor microenvironment and disturbs the homeostasis of the cell. Platelet activating factor (PAF) is a known phospholipid mediator secreted upon immunological challenges by platelets, neutrophils, basophils, and macrophages. PAF, as a potent inflammatory molecule, is well studied, and its role in various cancers and cardiovascular diseases has also been investigated. Interestingly, increased levels of PAF have been found in the blood plasma of smokers, and breast cancer cells have shown the accumulation of PAF in presence of cigarette smoke extract. This accumulation was found to increase tumor cell motility that in turn could promote metastasis. Beyond this, however, the effect of PAF on tumorigenesis has not yet been well explored. Here, we show that the continuous exposure of 3D breast acinar cultures to PAF resulted in the activation of various oncogenic signaling pathways leading to transformation. We also found that the presence of PAF in the micro-environment increased the expression of PAF receptor (PAF-R), which corroborated with the higher expression of PAF-R detected in some epithelial cancers, as per literature. Thus, this study impresses on the fact that the presence of PAF alters the cellular microenvironment and eventually triggers irreversible effects that can cumulatively lead to transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Chakravarty
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
| | - Libi Anandi
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
| | - K A Ashiq
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
| | - K Abhijith
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
| | - Rintu Umesh
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
| | - Mayurika Lahiri
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
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29
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Structure-function analysis of oncogenic EGFR Kinase Domain Duplication reveals insights into activation and a potential approach for therapeutic targeting. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1382. [PMID: 33654076 PMCID: PMC7925532 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21613-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic understanding of oncogenic variants facilitates the development and optimization of treatment strategies. We recently identified in-frame, tandem duplication of EGFR exons 18 - 25, which causes EGFR Kinase Domain Duplication (EGFR-KDD). Here, we characterize the prevalence of ERBB family KDDs across multiple human cancers and evaluate the functional biochemistry of EGFR-KDD as it relates to pathogenesis and potential therapeutic intervention. We provide computational and experimental evidence that EGFR-KDD functions by forming asymmetric EGF-independent intra-molecular and EGF-dependent inter-molecular dimers. Time-resolved fluorescence microscopy and co-immunoprecipitation reveals EGFR-KDD can form ligand-dependent inter-molecular homo- and hetero-dimers/multimers. Furthermore, we show that inhibition of EGFR-KDD activity is maximally achieved by blocking both intra- and inter-molecular dimerization. Collectively, our findings define a previously unrecognized model of EGFR dimerization, providing important insights for the understanding of EGFR activation mechanisms and informing personalized treatment of patients with tumors harboring EGFR-KDD. Finally, we establish ERBB KDDs as recurrent oncogenic events in multiple cancers. An EGFR mutant with kinase domain duplication (EGFR-KDD) was previously identified in an index patient, but the functional and therapeutic implications remain unclear. Here, the authors show that KDD occurs in other ErbB receptors in multiple cancers, and characterize the mechanism and inhibition of EGFR-KDD.
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30
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Glaeser JD, Behrens P, Stefanovic T, Salehi K, Papalamprou A, Tawackoli W, Metzger MF, Eberlein S, Nelson T, Arabi Y, Kim K, Baloh RH, Ben-David S, Cohn-Schwartz D, Ryu R, Bae HW, Gazit Z, Sheyn D. Neural crest-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells enhance cranial allograft integration. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:797-809. [PMID: 33512772 PMCID: PMC8046069 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Replacement of lost cranial bone (partly mesodermal and partly neural crest‐derived) is challenging and includes the use of nonviable allografts. To revitalize allografts, bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (mesoderm‐derived BM‐MSCs) have been used with limited success. We hypothesize that coating of allografts with induced neural crest cell‐mesenchymal progenitor cells (iNCC‐MPCs) improves implant‐to‐bone integration in mouse cranial defects. Human induced pluripotent stem cells were reprogramed from dermal fibroblasts, differentiated to iNCCs and then to iNCC‐MPCs. BM‐MSCs were used as reference. Cells were labeled with luciferase (Luc2) and characterized for MSC consensus markers expression, differentiation, and risk of cellular transformation. A calvarial defect was created in non‐obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice and allografts were implanted, with or without cell coating. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI), microcomputed tomography (μCT), histology, immunofluorescence, and biomechanical tests were performed. Characterization of iNCC‐MPC‐Luc2 vs BM‐MSC‐Luc2 showed no difference in MSC markers expression and differentiation in vitro. In vivo, BLI indicated survival of both cell types for at least 8 weeks. At week 8, μCT analysis showed enhanced structural parameters in the iNCC‐MPC‐Luc2 group and increased bone volume in the BM‐MSC‐Luc2 group compared to controls. Histology demonstrated improved integration of iNCC‐MPC‐Luc2 allografts compared to BM‐MSC‐Luc2 group and controls. Human osteocalcin and collagen type 1 were detected at the allograft‐host interphase in cell‐seeded groups. The iNCC‐MPC‐Luc2 group also demonstrated improved biomechanical properties compared to BM‐MSC‐Luc2 implants and cell‐free controls. Our results show an improved integration of iNCC‐MPC‐Luc2‐coated allografts compared to BM‐MSC‐Luc2 and controls, suggesting the use of iNCC‐MPCs as potential cell source for cranial bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane D Glaeser
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Phillip Behrens
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tina Stefanovic
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Khosrowdad Salehi
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Angela Papalamprou
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Wafa Tawackoli
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Melodie F Metzger
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Samuel Eberlein
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Trevor Nelson
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yasaman Arabi
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kevin Kim
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robert H Baloh
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shiran Ben-David
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Doron Cohn-Schwartz
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Division of Internal Medicine, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Robert Ryu
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hyun W Bae
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zulma Gazit
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dmitriy Sheyn
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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31
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Zhang L, Mu C, Zhang T, Yang D, Wang C, Chen Q, Tang L, Fan L, Liu C, Shen J, Li H. Development of targeted therapy therapeutics to sensitize triple-negative breast cancer chemosensitivity utilizing bacteriophage phi29 derived packaging RNA. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:13. [PMID: 33413427 PMCID: PMC7792131 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00758-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To date, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment options are limited because of the loss of target receptors and, as a result, are only managed with chemotherapy. What is worse is that TNBC is frequently developing resistance to chemotherapy. By using small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based therapeutics, our recent work demonstrated X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) was linked to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+) breast cancer development and chemoresistance. Given the instability, off-target effects, net negative charge, and hydrophobicity of siRNA in vivo utilization and clinical transformation, its use in treatment is hampered. Thus, the development of a siRNA-based drug delivery system (DDS) with ultra-stability and specificity is necessary to address the predicament of siRNA delivery. Results Here, we assembled RNase resistant RNA nanoparticles (NPs) based on the 3WJ structure from Phi29 DNA packaging motor. To improved targeted therapy and sensitize TNBC to chemotherapy, the RNA NPs were equipped with an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeting aptamer and XBP1 siRNA. We found our RNA NPs could deplete XBP1 expression and suppress tumor growth after intravenous administration. Meanwhile, RNA NPs treatment could promote sensitization to chemotherapy and impede angiogenesis in vivo. Conclusions The results further demonstrate that our RNA NPs could serve as an effective and promising platform not only for siRNA delivery but also for chemotherapy-resistant TNBC therapy.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325011, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaofeng Mu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tinghong Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325011, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dejun Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325011, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenou Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Tang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Luhui Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianliang Shen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325011, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huaqiong Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325011, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Defined by its potential for self-renewal, differentiation and tumorigenicity, cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered responsible for drug resistance and relapse. To understand the behavior of CSC, the effects of the microenvironment in each tissue are a matter of great concerns for scientists in cancer biology. However, there are many complicated obstacles in the mimicking the microenvironment of CSCs even with current advanced technology. In this context, novel biomaterials have widely been assessed as in vitro platforms for their ability to mimic cancer microenvironment. These efforts should be successful to identify and characterize various CSCs specific in each type of cancer. Therefore, extracellular matrix scaffolds made of biomaterial will modulate the interactions and facilitate the investigation of CSC associated with biological phenomena simplifying the complexity of the microenvironment. In this review, we summarize latest advances in biomaterial scaffolds, which are exploited to mimic CSC microenvironment, and their chemical and biological requirements with discussion. The discussion includes the possible effects on both cells in tumors and microenvironment to propose what the critical factors are in controlling the CSC microenvironment focusing the future investigation. Our insights on their availability in drug screening will also follow the discussion.
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Thanaphongdecha P, Karinshak SE, Ittiprasert W, Mann VH, Chamgramol Y, Pairojkul C, Fox JG, Suttiprapa S, Sripa B, Brindley PJ. Infection with Helicobacter pylori Induces Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Human Cholangiocytes. Pathogens 2020; 9:E971. [PMID: 33233485 PMCID: PMC7700263 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent reports suggest that the East Asian liver fluke infection, caused by Opisthorchis viverrini, which is implicated in opisthorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinoma, serves as a reservoir of Helicobacter pylori. The opisthorchiasis-affected cholangiocytes that line the intrahepatic biliary tract are considered to be the cell of origin of this malignancy. Here, we investigated interactions in vitro among human cholangiocytes, Helicobacter pylori strain NCTC 11637, and the congeneric bacillus, Helicobacter bilis. Exposure to increasing numbers of H. pylori at 0, 1, 10, 100 bacilli per cholangiocyte of the H69 cell line induced phenotypic changes including the profusion of thread-like filopodia and a loss of cell-cell contact, in a dose-dependent fashion. In parallel, following exposure to H. pylori, changes were evident in levels of mRNA expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)-encoding factors including snail, slug, vimentin, matrix metalloprotease, zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox, and the cancer stem cell marker CD44. Analysis to quantify cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion in real-time by both H69 cholangiocytes and CC-LP-1 line of cholangiocarcinoma cells using the xCELLigence approach and Matrigel matrix revealed that exposure to 10 H. pylori bacilli per cell stimulated migration and invasion by the cholangiocytes. In addition, 10 bacilli of H. pylori stimulated contact-independent colony establishment in soft agar. These findings support the hypothesis that infection by H. pylori contributes to the malignant transformation of the biliary epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prissadee Thanaphongdecha
- Research Center for Neglected Tropical Diseases of Poverty, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; (P.T.); (S.E.K.); (W.I.); (V.H.M.)
- Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Shannon E. Karinshak
- Research Center for Neglected Tropical Diseases of Poverty, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; (P.T.); (S.E.K.); (W.I.); (V.H.M.)
| | - Wannaporn Ittiprasert
- Research Center for Neglected Tropical Diseases of Poverty, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; (P.T.); (S.E.K.); (W.I.); (V.H.M.)
| | - Victoria H. Mann
- Research Center for Neglected Tropical Diseases of Poverty, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; (P.T.); (S.E.K.); (W.I.); (V.H.M.)
| | - Yaovalux Chamgramol
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (Y.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Chawalit Pairojkul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (Y.C.); (C.P.)
| | - James G. Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
| | - Sutas Suttiprapa
- Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (Y.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Paul J. Brindley
- Research Center for Neglected Tropical Diseases of Poverty, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; (P.T.); (S.E.K.); (W.I.); (V.H.M.)
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Usoltseva RV, Belik AA, Kusaykin MI, Malyarenko OS, Zvyagintsevа TN, Ermakova SP. Laminarans and 1,3-β-D-glucanases. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:1010-1025. [PMID: 32663561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The laminarans are biologically active water-soluble polysaccharide (1,3;1,6-β-D-glucans) of brown algae. These polysaccharides are an attractive object for research due to its relatively simple structure, low toxicity, and various biological effects. 1,3-β-D-glucanases are an effective tool for studying the structure of laminarans, and can also be used to obtain new biologically active derivatives. This review is to outline what is currently known about laminarans and enzymes that catalyze of their transformation. We focused on information about sources, structure and properties of laminarans and 1,3-β-D-glucanases, methods of obtaining and structural elucidation of laminarans, and biological activity of laminarans and products of their enzymatic transformation. It has an increased focus on the immunomodulating and anticancer activity of laminarans and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roza V Usoltseva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, 159, 100 Let Vladivostoku prosp., Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
| | - Aleksei A Belik
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, 159, 100 Let Vladivostoku prosp., Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail I Kusaykin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, 159, 100 Let Vladivostoku prosp., Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
| | - Olesya S Malyarenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, 159, 100 Let Vladivostoku prosp., Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
| | - Tatiana N Zvyagintsevа
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, 159, 100 Let Vladivostoku prosp., Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
| | - Svetlana P Ermakova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, 159, 100 Let Vladivostoku prosp., Vladivostok, Russian Federation
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Sedeeq M, Maklad A, Gueven N, Azimi I. Development of a High-throughput Agar Colony Formation Assay to Identify Drug Candidates against Medulloblastoma. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E368. [PMID: 33167547 PMCID: PMC7694510 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant childhood brain cancer. High-risk MB tumours have a high incidence of metastasis and result in poor patient survival. Drug screens, commonly used to identify potential novel therapeutic agents against MB, focus on 2D cell proliferation and viability assays given that these assays are easily adaptable to high-throughput regimes. However, 2D models fail to address invasive characteristics that are crucial to MB metastasis and are thus not representative of tumour growth in vivo. In this study, we developed a 3D 384-well agar colony formation assay using MB cells of molecular subgroup 3 that is associated with the highest level of metastasis. Two fluorescence substrates, resazurin and glycyl-phenylalanyl-aminofluorocoumarin (GF-AFC) that measure cell viability via distinct mechanisms were used to assess the growth of MB cells in the agar matrix. The assay was optimised for seeding density, growth period, substrate incubation time and homogeneity of the fluorescent signals within individual wells. Our data demonstrate the feasibility to multiplex the two fluorescent substrates without detectable signal interference. This assay was validated by assessing the concentration-dependent effect of two commonly used chemotherapeutic agents clinically used for MB treatment, vincristine and lomustine. Subsequently, a panel of plasma membrane calcium channel modulators was screened for their effect on the 3D growth of D341 MB cells, which identified modulators of T-type voltage gated and ORAI calcium channels as selective growth modulators. Overall, this 3D assay provides a reproducible, time and cost-effective assay for high-throughput screening to identify potential drugs against MB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Iman Azimi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS 7005, Tasmania, Australia; (M.S.); (A.M.); (N.G.)
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36
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AICAR and Decitabine Enhance the Sensitivity of K562 Cells to Imatinib by Promoting Mitochondrial Activity. Curr Med Sci 2020; 40:871-878. [PMID: 33123902 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2266-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has dramatically improved the survival of patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), acquired drug resistance and TKI-insensitive leukaemic stem cells (LSCs) remain major obstacles to a CML cure. In recent years, the reprogramming of mitochondrial metabolism has emerged as a hallmark of cancers, including CML, and in turn may be exploited for therapeutic purposes. Here, we investigated the effects of several drugs on the mitochondrial function of the CML cell line K562 and found that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide (AICAR) and decitabine could effectively increase the ATP content and mitochondrial biogenesis. In addition, these two drugs induced cell cycle arrest and a decrease in colony-forming capacity and promoted K562 cell differentiation. Moreover, we demonstrated that treatment with AICAR or decitabine enhanced the sensitivity of K562 cells to imatinib, as evidenced by a combination treatment assay. Altogether, our findings indicate that TKIs combined with mitochondrial regulation may provide a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of CML.
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Granger CJ, Hoyt AK, Moran A, Becker B, Sedani A, Saigh S, Conway SA, Brown J, Galoian K. Cancer stem cells as a therapeutic target in 3D tumor models of human chondrosarcoma: An encouraging future for proline rich polypeptide‑1. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:3747-3758. [PMID: 32901865 PMCID: PMC7533489 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is a malignant bone neoplasm that is refractory to chemotherapy and radiation. With no current biological treatments, mutilating surgical resection is the only effective treatment. Proline rich polypeptide 1 (PRP-1), which is a 15-amino acid inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin complex-1 (mTORC1), has been indicated to exert cytostatic and immunomodulatory properties in human chondrosarcoma cells in a monolayer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of PRP-1 on an in vitro 3D chondrosarcoma tumor model, known as spheroids, and on the cancer stem cells (CSCs) which form spheroids. JJ012 cells were cultured and treated with PRP-1. An ALDEFLUOR™ assay was conducted (with N,N-diethylaminobenzaldehyde as the negative control) to assess aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity (a recognized CSC marker), and bulk JJ012, ALDHhigh and PRP-1 treated ALDHlow cells were sorted using flow cytometry. Colony formation and spheroid formation assays of cell fractions, including CSCs, were used to compare the PRP-1-treated groups with the control. CSCs were assessed for early apoptosis and cell death with a modified Annexin V/propidium iodide assay. Western blotting was used to identify mesenchymal stem cell markers (STRO1, CD44 and STAT3), and spheroid self-renewal assays were also conducted. A clonogenic dose-response assay demonstrated that 20 µg/ml PRP-1 was the most effective dose for reducing colony formation capacity. Furthermore, CSC spheroid growth was significantly reduced with increasing doses of PRP-1. Annexin V analysis demonstrated that PRP-1 induced CSC cell death, and that this was not attributed to apoptosis or necrosis. Western blot analysis confirmed the expression of mesenchymal markers, and the spheroid self-renewal assay confirmed the presence of self-renewing CSCs. The results of the present study demonstrate that PRP-1 eliminates anchorage independent CSC growth and spheroid formation, indicating that PRP-1 likely inhibits tumor formation in a murine model. Additionally, a decrease in non-CSC bulk tumor cells indicates an advantageous decline in tumor stromal cells. These findings confirm that PRP-1 inhibits CSC proliferation in a 3D tumor model which mimics the behavior of chondrosarcoma in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J Granger
- RMSB Room 8012 (D27), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Aaron K Hoyt
- RMSB Room 8012 (D27), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Alexandra Moran
- RMSB Room 8012 (D27), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Beatrice Becker
- RMSB Room 8012 (D27), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Anil Sedani
- RMSB Room 8012 (D27), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Shannon Saigh
- Department of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sheila A Conway
- RMSB Room 8012 (D27), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jeffrey Brown
- RMSB Room 8012 (D27), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Karina Galoian
- RMSB Room 8012 (D27), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Ghahremani H, Sirati-Sabet M, Salami S. Evaluation of Impacts of Cellular Metabolism on the Migration of Ovarian Cancer Cells by Two in Vitro Assays: A Method Comparison Study. Galen Med J 2020; 9:e1831. [PMID: 34466600 PMCID: PMC8343618 DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v9i0.1831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alteration of metabolic pathways in cancer cells can intensely modulate their migration as an important step in invasion and metastasis. Ketogenic diet showed some contradictory results in cancer patients. In this study the impact of metabolic reprogramming of A2780CP as a model of ovarian cancer stem-like cells on cell migration by two in vitro methods: wound healing and soft agar colony-forming assays. MATERIALS AND METHODS short term and long term metabolic reprogramming were done by restriction of glucose to 250mg/L with or without enrichment with beta-hydroxybutyrate (5 milimolar) for 48 hours and 30 days, respectively. Wound healing assay was done and the wound ratio was calculated for 24 and 48 hours. Soft agar colony formation assay was also done in treated and control cells. For method comparison, ten biological replicates were analyzed in triplicate. RESULTS Migration of A2780CP ovarian cancer stem-like cells were significantly alleviated by long term glucose restriction but no significant changes were observed in short term study. Beta-hydroxybutyrate enrichment did not produce significant impacts on glucose restriction in short or long term studies. CONCLUSION The results of colony formation in soft agar and wound or scratch healing assay were in good correlation and convergence which could be used interchangeably in the investigation of metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ghahremani
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Sirati-Sabet
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siamak Salami
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Lellupitiyage Don SS, Robertson KL, Lin HH, Labriola C, Harrington ME, Taylor SR, Farkas ME. Nobiletin affects circadian rhythms and oncogenic characteristics in a cell-dependent manner. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236315. [PMID: 32706791 PMCID: PMC7380617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural product nobiletin is a small molecule, widely studied with regard to its therapeutic effects, including in cancer cell lines and tumors. Recently, nobiletin has also been shown to affect circadian rhythms via their enhancement, resulting in protection against metabolic syndrome. We hypothesized that nobiletin's anti-oncogenic effects, such as prevention of cell migration and formation of anchorage independent colonies, are correspondingly accompanied by modulation of circadian rhythms. Concurrently, we wished to determine whether the circadian and anti-oncogenic effects of nobiletin differed across cancer cell lines. In this study, we assessed nobiletin's circadian and therapeutic characteristics to ascertain whether these effects depend on cell line, which here also varied in terms of baseline circadian rhythmicity. Three cell culture models where nobiletin's effects on cell proliferation and migration have been studied previously were evaluated: U2OS (bone osteosarcoma), which possesses robust circadian rhythms; MCF7 (breast adenocarcinoma), which has weak circadian rhythms; and MDA-MB-231 (breast adenocarcinoma), which is arrhythmic. We found that circadian, migration, and proliferative effects following nobiletin treatment were subtle in the U2OS and MCF7 cells. On the other hand, changes were clear in MDA-MB-231s, where nobiletin rescued rhythmicity and substantially reduced oncogenic features, specifically two-dimensional cell motility and anchorage-independent growth. Based on these results and those previously described, we posit that the effects of nobiletin are indeed cell-type dependent, and that a positive correlation may exist between nobiletin's circadian and therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly L. Robertson
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States of America
| | - Hui-Hsien Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States of America
| | - Caroline Labriola
- Department of Psychology, Smith College, Northampton, MA, United States of America
| | - Mary E. Harrington
- Department of Psychology, Smith College, Northampton, MA, United States of America
| | - Stephanie R. Taylor
- Department of Computer Science, Colby College, Waterville, ME, United States of America
| | - Michelle E. Farkas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States of America
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40
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Chemical modulation of circadian rhythms and assessment of cellular behavior via indirubin and derivatives. Methods Enzymol 2020; 639:115-140. [PMID: 32475398 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are critical regulators of many physiological and behavioral functions. The use and abilities of small molecules to affect oscillations have recently received significant attention. These manipulations can be reversible and tunable, and have been used to study various biological mechanisms and molecular properties. Here, we outline procedures for assessment of cellular circadian changes following treatment with small molecules, using luminescent reporters. We describe reporter generation, luminometry experiments, and data analysis. Protocols for studies of accompanying effects on cells, including motility, viability, and anchorage-independent proliferation assays are also presented. As examples, we use indirubin-3'-oxime and two derivatives, 5-iodo-indirubin-3'-oxime and 5-sulfonic acid-indirubin-3'-oxime. In this case study, we analyze effects of these compounds on Bmal1 and Per2 (positive and negative core circadian elements) oscillations and provide step-by-step protocols for data analysis, including removal of trends from raw data, period estimations, and statistical analysis. The reader is provided with detailed protocols, and guidance regarding selection of and alternative approaches.
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Wu C, Ding H, Wang S, Li Y, Liu SB, Wang X, Zheng J, Xue T, Amin HM, Song YH, Zhou J. DAXX inhibits cancer stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:1477-1485. [PMID: 32203224 PMCID: PMC7217831 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0800-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DAXX is a transcription repressor that has been implicated in several types of cancers, but its role in the development of gastric cancer remains unknown. METHODS We analysed the expression of DAXX in 83 pairs of gastric cancer samples, including neoplastic and adjacent tissues, and correlated the expression levels with clinical stages. We also investigated the molecular mechanisms by which DAXX downregulation promotes cancer growth using both in vitro and in vivo models. RESULTS DAXX was downregulated in advanced gastric cancer samples. The expression of DAXX inversely correlates with that of cancer stem cell markers CD44 and Oct4 in gastric cancer lines. DAXX overexpression in gastric cancer cells inhibited migration, invasion and epithelial- mesenchymal transition (EMT). The inhibition of EMT was achieved through the repression of SNAI3, a key inducer of EMT, by recruiting HDAC-1 into the nucleus. Using a xenograft mouse model, we demonstrated that the MKN45 cells formed smaller tumours when DAXX was overexpressed. Wild-type AGS cells were not able to form tumours in nude mice, but in contrast, formed visible tumours when DAXX was silenced in the cells. CONCLUSION We for the first time demonstrated that DAXX functions as a tumour suppressor in gastric cancer by inhibiting stem cell growth and EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hui Ding
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shuochen Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yangxin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & Institute of Cardiovascular Science, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Song-Bai Liu
- Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Laboratory Medicine, Suzhou, 215009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Laboratory Medicine, Suzhou, 215009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiqing Zheng
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ting Xue
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hesham M Amin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yao-Hua Song
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China.
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Cheng Z, Li X, Hou S, Wu Y, Sun Y, Liu B. K-Ras-ERK1/2 accelerates lung cancer cell development via mediating H3 K18ac through the MDM2-GCN5-SIRT7 axis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:701-709. [PMID: 31613681 PMCID: PMC6807650 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1672756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Context: H3K18ac is linked to gene expression and DNA damage. Nevertheless, whether H3K18ac participates in regulating Ras-ERK1/2-affected lung cancer cell phenotypes remains unclear. Objective: We explored the effects of H3K18ac on Ras-ERK1/2-affected lung cancer cell phenotypes. Material and methods: NCI-H2126 cells were transfected with, pEGFP-K-RasWT and pEGFP-K-RasG12V/T35S plasmids for 48 h, and transfection with pEGFP-N1 served as a blank control. Then H3K18ac and AKT and ERK1/2 pathways-associated factors were examined. Different amounts of the H3K18Q (0.5, 1, and 2 μg) plasmids and RasG12V/T35S were co-transfected into NCI-H2126 cells, cell viability, cell colonies and migration were analyzed for exploring the biological functions of H3K18ac in NCI-H2126 cells. The ERK1/2 pathway downstream factors were detected by RT-PCR and ChIP assays. The regulatory functions of SIRT7, GCN5 and MDM2 in Ras-ERK1/2-regulated H3K18ac expression were finally uncovered. Results: RasG12V/T35S transfection decreased the expression of H3K18ac about 2.5 times compared with the pEGFP-N1 transfection group, and activated ERK1/2 and AKT pathways. Moreover, H3K18ac reduced cell viability, colonies, migration, and altered ERK1/2 downstream transcription in NCI-H2126 cells. Additionally, SIRT7 knockdown increased H3K18ac expression and repressed cell viability, migration and the percentage of cells in S phase by about 50% compared to the control group, as well as changed ERK1/2 downstream factor expression. Besides, Ras-ERK1/2 decreased H3K18ac was linked to MDM2-regulated GCN5 degradation. Conclusion: These observations disclosed that Ras-ERK1/2 promoted the development of lung cancer via decreasing H3K18ac through MDM2-mediated GCN5 degradation. These findings might provide a new therapeutic strategy for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Xiufeng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Shizhen Hou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Yubing Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, China
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Wang H, Zhao Y, Chen T, Liu G, He N, Hu H. MiR-371 promotes proliferation and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting PTEN. BMB Rep 2019. [PMID: 30940319 PMCID: PMC6549920 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2019.52.5.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. MiR-371 has recently emerged as an important regulator in tumorigenesis, and may serve as a biomarker for malignant tumors. We transfected miR-371 or its inhibitor in two human HCC cell lines, then used 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, soft agar colony formation, and transwell migration assays to evaluate the effects on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. We found that miR-371 was positively correlated with HCC metastasis and poor prognosis in the inflicted patients, and the high expression of miR-371 was promoted, whereas a low level of miR-371 depressed cell proliferation and invasion. We found PTEN to be a direct target of miR-371. The overexpression or knockdown of PTEN exhibited the opposite effects from those of miR-371 on cell proliferation and migration. Our study demonstrates that miR-371 promotes proliferation and metastasis in HCC by targeting PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital (EHBH), Second Military Medical University, Shanghai City 200438, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital (EHBH), Second Military Medical University, Shanghai City 200438, China
| | - Tingsong Chen
- The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai City 200137, China
| | - Guofang Liu
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital (EHBH), Second Military Medical University, Shanghai City 200438, China
| | - Nan He
- Guangdong Ascendas Genomics Technology Co., Ltd., Zhongshan 519000, China
| | - Heping Hu
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital (EHBH), Second Military Medical University, Shanghai City 200438, China
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44
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Kornberg TG, Stueckle TA, Coyle J, Derk R, Demokritou P, Rojanasakul Y, Rojanasakul LW. Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Induced Neoplastic-Like Cell Transformation in Vitro Is Reduced with a Protective Amorphous Silica Coating. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:2382-2397. [PMID: 31657553 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) have recently surged in production and use in a wide variety of biomedical and environmental applications. However, their potential long-term health effects, including carcinogenesis, are unknown. Limited research suggests IONP can induce genotoxicity and neoplastic transformation associated with particle dissolution and release of free iron ions. "Safe by design" strategies involve the modification of particle physicochemical properties to affect subsequent adverse outcomes, such as an amorphous silica coating to reduce IONP dissolution and direct interaction with cells. We hypothesized that long-term exposure to a specific IONP (nFe2O3) would induce neoplastic-like cell transformation, which could be prevented with an amorphous silica coating (SiO2-nFe2O3). To test this hypothesis, human bronchial epithelial cells (Beas-2B) were continuously exposed to a 0.6 μg/cm2 administered a dose of nFe2O3 (∼0.58 μg/cm2 delivered dose), SiO2-nFe2O3 (∼0.55 μg/cm2 delivered dose), or gas metal arc mild steel welding fumes (GMA-MS, ∼0.58 μg/cm2 delivered dose) for 6.5 months. GMA-MS are composed of roughly 80% iron/iron oxide and were recently classified as a total human carcinogen. Our results showed that low-dose/long-term in vitro exposure to nFe2O3 induced a time-dependent neoplastic-like cell transformation, as indicated by increased cell proliferation and attachment-independent colony formation, which closely matched that induced by GMA-MS. This transformation was associated with decreases in intracellular iron, minimal changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and the induction of double-stranded DNA damage. An amorphous silica-coated but otherwise identical particle (SiO2-nFe2O3) did not induce this neoplastic-like phenotype or changes in the parameters mentioned above. Overall, the presented data suggest the carcinogenic potential of long-term nFe2O3 exposure and the utility of an amorphous silica coating in a "safe by design" hazard reduction strategy, within the context of a physiologically relevant exposure scenario (low-dose/long-term), with model validation using GMA-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany G Kornberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Pharmacy , West Virginia University , Morgantown , West Virginia 26506 , United States.,Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , West Virginia 26505 , United States
| | - Todd A Stueckle
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , West Virginia 26505 , United States
| | - Jayme Coyle
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , West Virginia 26505 , United States
| | - Raymond Derk
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , West Virginia 26505 , United States
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Harvard University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Pharmacy , West Virginia University , Morgantown , West Virginia 26506 , United States
| | - Liying W Rojanasakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Pharmacy , West Virginia University , Morgantown , West Virginia 26506 , United States.,Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , West Virginia 26505 , United States
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45
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Zhang J, Liu W, Dong H, Wang W. K-Ras G12V/Y40C-PI3K/AKT pathway regulates H1.4 S35ph through PKA to promote the occurrence and development of osteosarcoma cancer. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:2048-2057. [PMID: 31126199 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1617726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Osteosarcoma is prevalent in children and adolescents. H1.4 modification is involved in various types of cancers. Ras pathway is often activated in human cancers. Herein, we explored the effects of Ras pathway through H1.4S35ph. Methods: Osteosarcoma cancer cell line MG-63 was transfected with Ras gene with G12V and Y40C site mutation. The phosphorylation of H1.4S35 and AKT was detected by Western blot. Cell viability, cell colonies and migration were analyzed by MTT assay, soft-agar colony formation assay and Transwell assay, respectively. The expression of Ras pathway downstream factors and PKA was detected by qRT-PCR. The relationship between Ras and downstream factors was detected by ChIP. The cell cycle progression was measured by flow cytometry. Results: Transfection with RasG12V/Y40C decreased H1.4S35ph expression while switched on p-AKTSer473. RasG12V/Y40C increased cell viability, colony numbers and migration while H1.4S35E (H1.4S35ph overexpression) led to the opposite results. The regulation of RasG12V/Y40C and H1.4S35E on Ras downstream factors was contrary to each other. Results demonstrated a positive relationship between PKA with H1.4S35ph with RasG12V/Y40C down-regulated both. However, PKA and MDM2 revealed negative regulation with RasG12V/Y40C transfection up-regulated MDM2. Conclusion: RasG12V/Y40C-PI3K/AKT signal pathway decreased H1.4S35ph through down-regulation of PKA while up-regulation of MDM2 in MG-63 cells. Highlights H1.4S35ph is regulated by K-RasG12V/Y40-PI3K/AKT in MG-63 cells; Overexpression of H1.4S35ph regulates MG-63 cell growth; H1.4S35ph regulates Ras downstream factors; K-RasG12V/Y40C-PI3K/AKT activity induces PKA degradation to down-regulate H1.4S35ph; K-RasG12V/Y40C-PI3K/AKT activity involves in PKA degradation via MDM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhe Zhang
- a Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Wanguo Liu
- a Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Hang Dong
- a Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- a Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China
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46
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Garcia-Flores AE, Sollome JJ, Thavathiru E, Bower JL, Vaillancourt RR. HER2/HER3 regulates lactate secretion and expression of lactate receptor mRNA through the MAP3K4 associated protein GIT1. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10823. [PMID: 31346208 PMCID: PMC6658559 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46954-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major features of cancer is Otto Warburg’s observation that many tumors have increased extracellular acidification compared to healthy tissues. Since Warburg’s observation, the importance of extracellular acidification in cancer is now considered a hallmark of cancer. Human MAP3K4 functions upstream of the p38 and JNK mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Additionally, MAP3K4 is required for cell migration and extracellular acidification of breast cancer cells in response to HER2/HER3 signaling. Here, we demonstrate that GIT1 interacts with MAP3K4 by immunoprecipitation, while cellular lactate production and the capacity of MCF-7 cells for anchorage independent growth in soft agar were dependent on GIT1. Additionally, we show that activation of HER2/HER3 signaling leads to reduced expression of lactate receptor (GPR81) mRNA and that both, GIT1 and MAP3K4, are necessary for constitutive expression of GPR81 mRNA. Our study suggests that targeting downstream proteins in the HER2/HER3-induced extracellular lactate signaling pathway may be a way to inhibit the Warburg Effect to disrupt tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro E Garcia-Flores
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA
| | | | | | - Joseph L Bower
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Richard R Vaillancourt
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA.
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47
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Identifying chemopreventive agents for obesity-associated cancers using an efficient, 3D high-throughput transformation assay. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10278. [PMID: 31311976 PMCID: PMC6635484 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46531-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with ~40% of cancer diagnoses but there are currently no effective preventive strategies, illustrating a need for chemoprevention. We previously demonstrated that fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) from adipose tissue stimulates malignant transformation, as measured by growth in soft agar, the gold-standard in vitro transformation assay. Because the soft agar assay is unsuitable for high throughput screens (HTS), we developed a novel method using 3D growth in ultra-low attachment conditions as an alternative to growth in agar to discover compounds that inhibit transformation. Treating non-tumorigenic, skin epithelial JB6 P+ cells with FGF2 stimulates growth in ultra-low attachment conditions analogous to growth in the soft agar. This transformation HTS identified picropodophyllin, an insulin growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) inhibitor, and fluvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, as potential chemopreventive agents. These compounds were validated for efficacy using two non-tumorigenic cell lines in soft agar. Another IGF1R inhibitor and other statins were also tested and several were able to inhibit growth in soft agar. This novel 3D HTS platform is fast, robust and has the potential to identify agents for obesity-associated cancer prevention.
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48
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Kiratipaiboon C, Stueckle TA, Ghosh R, Rojanasakul LW, Chen YC, Dinu CZ, Rojanasakul Y. Acquisition of Cancer Stem Cell-like Properties in Human Small Airway Epithelial Cells after a Long-term Exposure to Carbon Nanomaterials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2019; 6:2152-2170. [PMID: 31372228 PMCID: PMC6675031 DOI: 10.1039/c9en00183b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a key driver of tumor formation and metastasis, but how they are affected by nanomaterials is largely unknown. The present study investigated the effects of different carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) on neoplastic and CSC-like transformation of human small airway epithelial cells and determined the underlying mechanisms. Using a physiologically relevant exposure model (long-term/low-dose) with system validation using a human carcinogen, asbestos, we demonstrated that single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, ultrafine carbon black, and crocidolite asbestos induced particle-specific anchorage-independent colony formation, DNA-strand break, and p53 downregulation, indicating genotoxicity and carcinogenic potential of CNMs. The chronic CNM-exposed cells exhibited CSC-like properties as indicated by 3D spheroid formation, anoikis resistance, and CSC markers expression. Mechanistic studies revealed specific self-renewal and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related transcription factors that are involved in the cellular transformation process. Pathway analysis of gene signaling networks supports the role of SOX2 and SNAI1 signaling in CNM-mediated transformation. These findings support the potential carcinogenicity of high aspect ratio CNMs and identified molecular targets and signaling pathways that may contribute to the disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayanin Kiratipaiboon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, United States
| | - Todd A Stueckle
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26505, United States
| | - Rajib Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, United States
| | - Liying W Rojanasakul
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26505, United States
| | - Yi Charlie Chen
- College of Science, Technology and Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, West Virginia, 26416, United States
| | - Cerasela Zoica Dinu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, United States
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and WVU Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, United States
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49
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Joyce S, Nour AM. Blocking transmembrane219 protein signaling inhibits autophagy and restores normal cell death. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218091. [PMID: 31220095 PMCID: PMC6586287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays a vital role in tumor therapy and survival of dormant tumor cells. Here we describe a novel function of a protein known as Transmembrane 219 (TM219) as an autophagy activator. TM219 is a small membrane protein expressed in all known human tissues except the thymus. We used biochemical approaches to identify calmodulin and calmodulin dependent protein kinase II as a part of TM219 protein complex. Then, we employed in vitro reconstitution system and fluorescence anisotropy to study the requirements of TM219 to bind calmodulin in vitro. We also used this system to study the effects of a synthetic peptide derived from the sequence of the short cytoplasmic tail of TM219 (SCTT) on calmodulin-TM219 receptor interactions. We conjugated SCTT peptide with a pH Low Insertion peptide (pHLIP) for optimal cellular delivery. We finally tested the effects of SCTT-pHLIP on triple negative human breast cancer cells in three dimension culture. Our data defined a novel function of TM219 protein and an efficient approach to inhibit it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Joyce
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Adel M. Nour
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
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50
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Vengoji R, Macha MA, Nimmakayala RK, Rachagani S, Siddiqui JA, Mallya K, Gorantla S, Jain M, Ponnusamy MP, Batra SK, Shonka N. Afatinib and Temozolomide combination inhibits tumorigenesis by targeting EGFRvIII-cMet signaling in glioblastoma cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:266. [PMID: 31215502 PMCID: PMC6582495 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with universal recurrence and poor prognosis. The recurrence is largely driven by chemoradiation resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its mutant EGFRvIII are amplified in ~ 60% and ~ 30% of GBM patients, respectively; however, therapies targeting EGFR have failed to improve disease outcome. EGFRvIII-mediated cross-activation of tyrosine kinase receptor, cMET, regulates GBM CSC maintenance and promote tumor recurrence. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of pan-EGFR inhibitor afatinib and Temozolomide (TMZ) combination on GBM in vitro and in vivo. Methods We analyzed the effect of afatinib and temozolomide (TMZ) combination on GBM cells U87MG and U251 engineered to express wild type (WT) EGFR, EGFRvIII or EGFRvIII dead kinase, CSCs isolated from U87 and U87EGFRvIII in vitro. The therapeutic utility of the drug combination was investigated on tumor growth and progression using intracranially injected U87EGFRvIII GBM xenografts. Results Afatinib and TMZ combination synergistically inhibited the proliferation, clonogenic survival, motility, invasion and induced senescence of GBM cells compared to monotherapy. Mechanistically, afatinib decreased U87EGFRvIII GBM cell proliferation and motility/invasion by inhibiting EGFRvIII/AKT, EGFRvIII/JAK2/STAT3, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling pathways respectively. Interestingly, afatinib specifically inhibited EGFRvIII-cMET crosstalk in CSCs, resulting in decreased expression of Nanog and Oct3/4, and in combination with TMZ significantly decreased their self-renewal property in vitro. More interestingly, afatinib and TMZ combination significantly decreased the xenograft growth and progression compared to single drug alone. Conclusion Our study demonstrated significant inhibition of GBM tumorigenicity, CSC maintenance in vitro, and delayed tumor growth and progression in vivo by combination of afatinib and TMZ. Our results warrant evaluation of this drug combination in EGFR and EGFRvIII amplified GBM patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1264-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghupathy Vengoji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Rama Krishna Nimmakayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Jawed A Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Kavita Mallya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Santhi Gorantla
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. .,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. .,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Disease, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - Nicole Shonka
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. .,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Disease, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology and Hematology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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