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Wen Y, Yi F, Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhao C, Zhao B, Wang J. Uncovering the protective mechanism of baicalin in treatment of fatty liver based on network pharmacology and cell model of NAFLD. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 141:112954. [PMID: 39153306 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Excessive nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) impair cellular metabolism and will induce fatty liver formation in dairy cows during the periparturient. Baicalin, an active flavonoid, has great potential efficacy in alleviating lipid accumulation and ameliorating the development of fatty liver disease. Nevertheless, its mechanism remains unclear. Here, the potential mechanism of baicalin on system levels was explored using network pharmacology and in vitro experiments. Firstly, the target of baicalin and fatty liver disease was predicted, and then the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. In addition, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) (q-value) pathway enrichment is performed through the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) server. Finally, the results of the network analysis of the in vitro treatment of bovine hepatocytes by NEFA were confirmed. The results showed that 33 relevant targets of baicalin in the treatment of liver fatty were predicted by network pharmacology, and the top 20 relevant pathways were extracted by KEGG database. Baicalin treatment can reduce triglyceride (TAG) content and lipid droplet accumulation in NEFA-treated bovine hepatocytes, and the mechanism is related to inhibiting lipid synthesis and promoting lipid oxidation. The alleviating effect of baicalin on fatty liver may be related to the up-regulation of solute vector family member 4 (SLC2A4), Down-regulated AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), Interleukin 6 (IL-6) were associated. These results suggested that baicalin may modulate key inflammatory markers, and lipogenesis processes to prevent fatty liver development in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Fanxuan Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Chenxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Baoyu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Shen Y, Liu J, Yao B, Zhang Y, Huang S, Liang C, Huang J, Tang Y, Wang X. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease changes the expression and activity of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in rats. Toxicol Lett 2024; 396:36-47. [PMID: 38663832 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases, which can cause serious complications and gradually increase the mortality rate. However, the effects of NAFLD on drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters remain unclear, which may cause some confusion regarding patient medication. In this study, a NAFLD rat model was constructed by feeding rats with methionine and choline deficiency diets for 6 weeks, and the mRNA and protein levels of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporter were analyzed by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blot, respectively. The activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes was detected by cocktail methods. In the NAFLD rat model, the mRNA expression of phase I enzymes, phase II enzymes, and transporters decreased. At the protein level, only CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP2C11, and CYP2J3 presented a decrease. In addition, the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2B1, CYP2C11, CYP2D1, CYP3A2, UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A6, and UGT1A9 decreased. These changes may be caused by the alteration of FXR, HNF4α, LXRα, LXRβ, PXR, and RXR. In conclusion, NAFLD changes the expression and activity of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in rats, which may affect drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. In clinical medication, drug monitoring should be strengthened to avoid potential risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Shen
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingyi Yao
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengbo Huang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenmeizi Liang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junze Huang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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Ionita-Radu F, Patoni C, Nancoff AS, Marin FS, Gaman L, Bucurica A, Socol C, Jinga M, Dutu M, Bucurica S. Berberine Effects in Pre-Fibrotic Stages of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-Clinical and Pre-Clinical Overview and Systematic Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4201. [PMID: 38673787 PMCID: PMC11050387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the predominant cause of chronic liver conditions, and its progression is marked by evolution to non-alcoholic steatosis, steatohepatitis, cirrhosis related to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and the potential occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. In our systematic review, we searched two databases, Medline (via Pubmed Central) and Scopus, from inception to 5 February 2024, and included 73 types of research (nine clinical studies and 64 pre-clinical studies) from 2854 published papers. Our extensive research highlights the impact of Berberine on NAFLD pathophysiology mechanisms, such as Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK), gut dysbiosis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), Sirtuins, and inflammasome. Studies involving human subjects showed a measurable reduction of liver fat in addition to improved profiles of serum lipids and hepatic enzymes. While current drugs for NAFLD treatment are either scarce or still in development or launch phases, Berberine presents a promising profile. However, improvements in its formulation are necessary to enhance the bioavailability of this natural substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Ionita-Radu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (F.I.-R.); (C.P.); (F.-S.M.); (S.B.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Cristina Patoni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (F.I.-R.); (C.P.); (F.-S.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Andreea Simona Nancoff
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Flavius-Stefan Marin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (F.I.-R.); (C.P.); (F.-S.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Laura Gaman
- Department of Biochemistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ana Bucurica
- Faculty of General Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Calin Socol
- Faculty of General Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Mariana Jinga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (F.I.-R.); (C.P.); (F.-S.M.); (S.B.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Madalina Dutu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sandica Bucurica
- Department of Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (F.I.-R.); (C.P.); (F.-S.M.); (S.B.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010242 Bucharest, Romania;
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Sabry K, Jamshidi Z, Emami SA, Sahebka A. Potential therapeutic effects of baicalin and baicalein. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2024; 14:23-49. [PMID: 38948180 PMCID: PMC11210699 DOI: 10.22038/ajp.2023.22307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Objective Baicalin and baicalein are natural flavonoids reported for the first time from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Recently, attention has been paid to these valuable flavonoids due to their promising effects. This paper aims to have a comprehensive review of their pharmacological effects. Materials and Methods An extensive search through scientific databases including Scopus, PubMed, and ISI Web of Science was established. Results According to literature, these compounds have been mainly effective in the treatment of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, hepatic and cardiovascular disorders, metabolic syndrome, and cancers through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways. Induction of apoptosis and autophagy, and inhibition of migration and metastasis are the main mechanisms for their cytotoxic and antitumor activities. Decreasing inflammation, reducing oxidative stress, regulating the metabolism of lipids, and decreasing fibrosis, apoptosis, and steatosis are their main hepatoprotective mechanisms. Inhibiting the development of cardiac fibrosis and reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis are also the mechanisms suggested for cardioprotective activities. Decreasing the accumulation of inflammatory mediators and improving cognitive function and depressive-like behaviours are the main mechanisms for neurological and neurodegenerative activities. Conclusion The findings suggest the therapeutic potential of baicalin and baicalein. However, complementary research in different in vitro and in vivo models to investigate their mechanisms of action as well as clinical trials to evaluate their efficacy and safety are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamyar Sabry
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Jamshidi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Emami
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebka
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Chen Y, Li Q, Zhao S, Sun L, Yin Z, Wang X, Li X, Iwakiri Y, Han J, Duan Y. Berberine protects mice against type 2 diabetes by promoting PPARγ-FGF21-GLUT2-regulated insulin sensitivity and glucose/lipid homeostasis. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115928. [PMID: 37979703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic, burdensome disease that is characterized by disordered insulin sensitivity and disturbed glucose/lipid homeostasis. Berberine (BBR) has multiple therapeutic actions on T2D, including regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, improvement of insulin sensitivity and energy expenditure. Recently, the function of BBR on fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has been identified. However, if BBR ameliorates T2D through FGF21, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Herein, we used T2D wild type (WT) and FGF21 global knockout (FKO) mice [mouse T2D model: established by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding plus streptozotocin (STZ) injection], and hepatocyte-specific peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) deficient (PPARγHepKO) mice, and cultured human liver carcinoma cells line, HepG2 cells, to characterize the role of BBR in glucose/lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. We found that BBR activated FGF21 expression by up-regulating PPARγ expression at the cellular level. Meanwhile, BBR ameliorated glucosamine hydrochloride (Glcn)-induced insulin resistance and increased glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) expression in a PPARγ/FGF21-dependent manner. In T2D mice, BBR up-regulated the expression of PPARγ, FGF21 and GLUT2 in the liver, and GLUT2 in the pancreas. BBR also reversed T2D-induced insulin resistance, liver lipid accumulation, and damage in liver and pancreas. However, FGF21 deficiency diminished these effects of BBR on diabetic mice. Altogether, our study demonstrates that the therapeutic effects of BBR on T2D were partly accomplished by activating PPARγ-FGF21-GLUT2 signaling pathway. The discovery of this new pathway provides a deeper understanding of the mechanism of BBR for T2D treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiwei Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Sun
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zequn Yin
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoju Li
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yasuko Iwakiri
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jihong Han
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
| | - Yajun Duan
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
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Enayati A, Ghojoghnejad M, Roufogalis BD, Maollem SA, Sahebkar A. Impact of Phytochemicals on PPAR Receptors: Implications for Disease Treatments. PPAR Res 2022; 2022:4714914. [PMID: 36092543 PMCID: PMC9453090 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4714914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the ligand-dependent nuclear receptor family. PPARs have attracted wide attention as pharmacologic mediators to manage multiple diseases and their underlying signaling targets. They mediate a broad range of specific biological activities and multiple organ toxicity, including cellular differentiation, metabolic syndrome, cancer, atherosclerosis, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammation related to their up/downstream signaling pathways. Consequently, several types of selective PPAR ligands, such as fibrates and thiazolidinediones (TZDs), have been approved as their pharmacological agonists. Despite these advances, the use of PPAR agonists is known to cause adverse effects in various systems. Conversely, some naturally occurring PPAR agonists, including polyunsaturated fatty acids and natural endogenous PPAR agonists curcumin and resveratrol, have been introduced as safe agonists as a result of their clinical evidence or preclinical experiments. This review focuses on research on plant-derived active ingredients (natural phytochemicals) as potential safe and promising PPAR agonists. Moreover, it provides a comprehensive review and critique of the role of phytochemicals in PPARs-related diseases and provides an understanding of phytochemical-mediated PPAR-dependent and -independent cascades. The findings of this research will help to define the functions of phytochemicals as potent PPAR pharmacological agonists in underlying disease mechanisms and their related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesheh Enayati
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mobina Ghojoghnejad
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Basil D. Roufogalis
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Seyed Adel Maollem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Ganguly R, Gupta A, Pandey AK. Role of baicalin as a potential therapeutic agent in hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal disorders: A review. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3047-3062. [PMID: 36051349 PMCID: PMC9331529 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i26.3047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Baicalin is a natural bioactive compound derived from Scutellaria baicalensis, which is extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine. A literature survey demonstrated the broad spectrum of health benefits of baicalin such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cardio-protective, hepatoprotective, renal protective, and neuroprotective properties. Baicalin is hydrolyzed to its metabolite baicalein by the action of gut microbiota, which is further reconverted to baicalin via phase 2 metabolism in the liver. Many studies have suggested that baicalin exhibits therapeutic potential against several types of hepatic disorders including hepatic fibrosis, xenobiotic-induced liver injury, fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis, cholestasis, ulcerative colitis, hepatocellular and colorectal cancer. During in vitro and in vivo examinations, it has been observed that baicalin showed a protective role against liver and gut-associated abnormalities by modifying several signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-kappa B, transforming growth factor beta 1/SMAD3, sirtuin 1, p38/mitogen-activated protein kinase/Janus kinase, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinaseβ/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase pathways. Furthermore, baicalin also regulates the expression of fibrotic genes such as smooth muscle actin, connective tissue growth factor, β-catenin, and inflammatory cytokines such as interferon gamma, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and IL-1β, and attenuates the production of apoptotic proteins such as caspase-3, caspase-9 and B-cell lymphoma 2. However, due to its low solubility and poor bioavailability, widespread therapeutic applications of baicalin still remain a challenge. This review summarized the hepatic and gastrointestinal protective attributes of baicalin with an emphasis on the molecular mechanisms that regulate the interaction of baicalin with the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risha Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhay K Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Gao W, Xu B, Zhang Y, Liu S, Duan Z, Chen Y, Zhang X. Baicalin Attenuates Oxidative Stress in a Tissue-Engineered Liver Model of NAFLD by Scavenging Reactive Oxygen Species. Nutrients 2022; 14:541. [PMID: 35276900 PMCID: PMC8840060 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Baicalin has been shown to exert protective effects in various liver diseases. The mechanism of baicalin's antioxidative effect in NAFLD is currently unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of baicalin on oxidative stress in a new tissue-engineered liver model of NAFLD. The 3D model of NAFLD was induced by a fat-supplemented medium (fatty acids, FFA group) for 8 days and baicalin was administered on the 5th day. CCK-8 assay showed that baicalin at concentrations below 100 μM had no obvious cytotoxicity. Baicalin inhibited apoptosis and lactate dehydrogenase release in the FFA group. Baicalin reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde induced by FFA, and increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione amounts. However, it did not upregulate nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 compared with the FFA group. Mitochondrial morphology was partially restored after baicalin treatment, and ATP5A expression and mitochondrial membrane potential were increased. The superoxide anion scavenging ability of baicalin was enhanced in a dose-dependent manner. In summary, baicalin reduces oxidative stress and protects the mitochondria to inhibit apoptosis in the 3D NAFLD model via its own antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Gao
- Department II of Liver Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (W.G.); (B.X.)
| | - Bin Xu
- Department II of Liver Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (W.G.); (B.X.)
| | - Yizhi Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment, Department IV of Liver Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.D.)
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment, Department IV of Liver Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.D.)
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhongping Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment, Department IV of Liver Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.D.)
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment, Department IV of Liver Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.D.)
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment, Department IV of Liver Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.D.)
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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9
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He H, Peng S, Song X, Jia R, Zou Y, Li L, Yin Z. Protective effect of isoflavones and triterpenoid saponins from pueraria lobata on liver diseases: A review. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:272-285. [PMID: 35035928 PMCID: PMC8751448 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standard and the change of diet structure, liver disease and its related complications have become a significant public health problem globally. Pueraria lobata (Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.) Sanjappa & Pradeep) belongs to the genus Pueraria, which is widely planted and used as medicine and food in Asia with a long history. A variety of natural active products, including puerarin, daidzein, formononetin, genistein, and soyasaponin, have been isolated and identified from pueraria lobata. A large number of studies have shown that various natural active products of pueraria lobata can play a protective role in different types of liver diseases by regulating oxidative stress, inflammatory response, lipid metabolism, etc. In this review, we focused on the protective effects of isoflavones and triterpenoid saponins from pueraria lobata on the liver through different targeted therapeutic mechanisms. What's more, we summarized their therapeutic potential for different types of liver diseases to provide evidence for their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng He
- Natural Medicine Research CenterCollege of Veterinary MedicineSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shuwei Peng
- Natural Medicine Research CenterCollege of Veterinary MedicineSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research CenterCollege of Veterinary MedicineSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Renyong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research CenterCollege of Veterinary MedicineSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research CenterCollege of Veterinary MedicineSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research CenterCollege of Veterinary MedicineSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
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10
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Bansod S, Saifi MA, Godugu C. Molecular updates on berberine in liver diseases: Bench to bedside. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5459-5476. [PMID: 34056769 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liver diseases are life-threatening illnesses and are the major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. These may include liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and drug-induced liver toxicity. Liver diseases have a wide prevalence globally and the fifth most common cause of death among all gastrointestinal disorders. Several novel therapeutic approaches have emerged for the therapy of liver diseases that may provide better clinical outcomes with improved safety. The use of phytochemicals for the amelioration of liver diseases has gained considerable popularity. Berberine (BBR), an isoquinoline alkaloid of the protoberberine type, has emerged as a promising molecule for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Accumulating studies have proved the hepatoprotective effects of BBR. BBR has been shown to modulate multiple signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of liver diseases including Akt/FoxO2, PPAR-γ, Nrf2, insulin, AMPK, mTOR, and epigenetic pathways. In the present review, we have emphasized the important pharmacological activities and mechanisms of BBR in liver diseases. Further, we have reviewed various pharmacokinetic and toxicological barriers of this promising phytoconstituent. Finally, formulation-based novel approaches are also summarized to overcome the clinical hurdles for BBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapana Bansod
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Mohd Aslam Saifi
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
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11
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Hu Q, Zhang W, Wu Z, Tian X, Xiang J, Li L, Li Z, Peng X, Wei S, Ma X, Zhao Y. Baicalin and the liver-gut system: Pharmacological bases explaining its therapeutic effects. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105444. [PMID: 33493657 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With the development of high-throughput screening and bioinformatics technology, natural products with a range of pharmacological targets in multiple diseases have become important sources of new drug discovery. These compounds are derived from various plants, including the dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, which is often used as a traditional Chinese herb named Huangqin, a popular medication used for thousands of years in China. Many studies have shown that baicalin, an extract from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, exerts various protective effects on liver and gut diseases. Baicalin plays a therapeutic role mainly by mediating downstream apoptosis and immune response pathways induced by upstream oxidative stress and inflammation. During oxidative stress regulation, PI3K/Akt/NRF2, Keap-1, NF-κB and HO-1 are key factors associated with the healing effects of baicalin on NAFLD/NASH, ulcerative colitis and cholestasis. In the inflammatory response, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, MIP-2 and MIP-1α are involved in the alleviation of NAFLD/NASH, cholestasis and liver fibrosis by baicalin, as are TGF-β1/Smads, STAT3 and NF-κB. Regarding the apoptosis pathway, Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 are key factors related to the suppression of hepatocellular carcinoma and attenuation of liver injury and colorectal cancer. In addition to immune regulation, PD-1/PDL-1 and TLR4-NF-κB are correlated with the alleviation of hepatocellular carcinoma, ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer by baicalin. Moreover, baicalin regulates intestinal flora by promoting the production of SCFAs. Furthermore, BA is involved in the interactions of the liver-gut axis by regulating TGR5, FXR, bile acids and the microbiota. In general, a comprehensive analysis of this natural compound was conducted to determine the mechanism by which it regulates bile acid metabolism, the intestinal flora and related signaling pathways, providing new insights into the pharmacological effects of baicalin. The mechanism linking the liver and gut systems needs to be elucidated to draw attention to its great clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Junbao Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Longxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zhihao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Shizhang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
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12
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Nikroo H, Hosseini SRA, Fathi M, Sardar MA, Khazaei M. The effect of aerobic, resistance, and combined training on PPAR-α, SIRT1 gene expression, and insulin resistance in high-fat diet-induced NAFLD male rats. Physiol Behav 2020; 227:113149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Waqas M, Qamar H, Zhang J, Yao W, Li A, Wang Y, Iqbal M, Mehmood K, Jiang X, Li J. Puerarin enhance vascular proliferation and halt apoptosis in thiram-induced avian tibial dyschondroplasia by regulating HIF-1α, TIMP-3 and BCL-2 expressions. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 190:110126. [PMID: 31918251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (thiram) is a dithiocarbamate pesticide used for crop protection and storage. But, it's widespread utilization is associated with deleterious growth plate cartilage disorder in broilers termed as avian tibial dyschondroplasia (TD). TD results in non-mineralized and less vascularized proximal tibial growth plate cartilage causing lameness and poor growth performance. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of puerarin against thiram toxicity in TD affected chickens. One-day-old broiler chickens (n = 240) were alienated into three equal groups i.e. control, TD and puerarin (n = 80) and were offered standard feed. Additionally, TD and puerarin groups were offered thiram at 50 mg/kg of feed from 4 to 7 days for TD induction followed by puerarin therapy at 120 mg/kg to puerarin group only from 8 to 18 days for TD treatment. Thiram feeding to TD and puerarin group chickens caused lameness, mortality, and increased the aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and growth plate (GP) size and upregulated HIF-1α expression. Besides, the production parameters, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels and the expressions of TIMP-3 and BCL-2 were decreased (p < 0.05). Puerarin alleviated lameness, enhanced angiogenesis and growth performance and serum and antioxidant enzymes, decreased apoptosis and recuperated GP width by significantly downregulating HIF-1α and upregulating the TIMP-3 and BCL-2 mRNA and protein expressions in puerarin group chickens (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the toxic effects associated with thiram can be mitigated using puerarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of the Poonch, Rawalakot, District Poonch, 12350, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Qamar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Jialu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Wangyuan Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Aoyun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Yaping Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Mudassar Iqbal
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; University College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- University College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Xiong Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, 860000, China.
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14
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Fang P, Yu M, Shi M, Bo P, Gu X, Zhang Z. Baicalin and its aglycone: a novel approach for treatment of metabolic disorders. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:13-23. [PMID: 32016847 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-019-00024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current strategies for prevention and treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are not fully effective and frequently accompanied by many negative effects. Therefore, novel ways to prevent insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are urgently needed. The roots of Scutellaria radix are commonly used in traditional Chinese medicines for prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, dysentery, and other respiratory disorders. Baicalin and baicalein are the major and active ingredient extracts from Scutellaria baicalensis. METHODS A comprehensive and systematic review of literature on baicalin and baicalein was carried out. RESULTS Emerging evidence indicated that baicalin and baicalein possessed hepatoprotective, anti-oxidative, anti-dyslipidemic, anti-lipogenic, anti-obese, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic effects, being effective for treating obesity, insulin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver, and dyslipidemia. Besides, baicalin and baicalein are almost non-toxic to epithelial, peripheral, and myeloid cells. CONCLUSION The purpose of this study is to focus on the therapeutic applications and accompanying molecular mechanisms of baicalin and baicalein against hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver, and trying to establish a novel anti-obese and anti-diabetic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghua Fang
- Department of Physiology, Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Department of Physiology, Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingyi Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Ping Bo
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Xuewen Gu
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China.
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15
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Fang P, Sun Y, Gu X, Shi M, Bo P, Zhang Z, Bu L. Baicalin ameliorates hepatic insulin resistance and gluconeogenic activity through inhibition of p38 MAPK/PGC-1α pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 64:153074. [PMID: 31473580 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the results of our and other studies show that baicalin can enhance glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle and adipocytes of mice, the specific metabolic contribution of baicalin on hepatic insulin resistance and gluconeogenic activity is still unclear. PURPOSE The aim of this study is to investigate whether baicalin is involved in regulation of hepatic insulin resistance and gluconeogenic activity and its underlying mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS In the present study, high-fat diet-induced obese mice were given 50 mg/kg baicalin intraperitoneally (i.p.) once a day for 21 consecutive days, and hepatocytes were treated with baicalin (100 μM) or metformin (100 μM) in the presence of glucagon (200 nM) for 12 h. Then insulin resistance indexes and genes related to gluconeogenesis were examined in liver tissues. RESULTS The present findings showed that baicalin decreased body weight, HOMA-IR, and alleviated high fat diet-induced glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in diet-induced obese mice. Furthermore, baicalin markedly suppressed p-p38 MAPK, p-CREB, FoxO1, PGC-1α, PEPCK and G6Pase expression in liver of obese mice and hepatocytes. Moreover, inhibition of gluconeogenic genes by baicalin was also strengthened by p38MAPK inhibitor in hepatocytes. CONCLUSION Baicalin suppressed expression of PGC-1α and gluconeogenic genes, and reduced glucose production in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Baicalin ameliorated hepatic insulin resistance and gluconeogenic activity mainly through inhibition of p38 MAPK/PGC-1α signal pathway. This study provides a possibility of using baicalin to treat hyperglycemia and hepatic insulin resistance in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghua Fang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Hanlin College, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Yabin Sun
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Hanlin College, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China
| | - Xinru Gu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Hanlin College, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China
| | - Mingyi Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Ping Bo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China.
| | - Le Bu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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16
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He L, Wang T, Chen BW, Lu FM, Xu J. Puerarin inhibits apoptosis and inflammation in myocardial cells via PPARα expression in rats with chronic heart failure. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:3347-3356. [PMID: 31602208 PMCID: PMC6777288 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure affects myocardial energy metabolism and cardiac function. Puerarin has been reported to improve cardiac function through regulation of energy metabolism in mice with myocardial infarction. The aim of the current study was to determine whether puerarin can improve body weight and reduce inflammation and apoptosis in rats with chronic heart failure. Rats were divided into three groups: Puerarin, PBS and sham group. Transverse aortic constriction was performed to induce chronic heart failure in the puerarin an PBS groups. Cardiac function, apoptosis and inflammation were evaluated following a 4-week treatment in rats with chronic heart failure. The results demonstrated that puerarin significantly increased the survival rate of rats and improved cardiac function compared with the PBS group. In addition, puerarin decreased lactate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase activity compared with the PBS group. Puerarin treatment increased the expression levels of glucose transporter type 4 and decreased the expression levels of CD36. Additionally, puerarin decreased the levels inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in serum and myocardial tissue compared with the PBS group. Puerarin upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and its downstream target genes nuclear respiratory factor 1, FOS proto-oncogene, YY1 transcription factor, acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase a, Fas cell surface death receptor, L-type pyruvate kinase and acetyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase medium chain in myocardial cells from rats with chronic heart failure. These results demonstrated that puerarin inhibited apoptosis and inflammation in myocardial cells via the PPARα pathway. In conclusion, the present study indicated that puerarin may exhibit antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory activity through the PPARα pathway in rats with chronic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le He
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300222, P.R. China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Yellow River Hospital, Tianjin 300110, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Wei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300222, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Min Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300222, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300222, P.R. China
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17
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Liu R, Li X, Wei J, Liu S, Chang Y, Zhang J, Zhang J, Zhang X, Fuhr U, Taubert M, Tian X. A Single Dose of Baicalin Has No Clinically Significant Effect on the Pharmacokinetics of Cyclosporine A in Healthy Chinese Volunteers. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:518. [PMID: 31156436 PMCID: PMC6528491 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its narrow therapeutic window and large interindividual variability, cyclosporine A (CsA) is the first-line therapy following organ transplantation. Metabolized mainly by CYP3A and being a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), CsA is susceptible to drug–drug interactions. Baicalin (BG) is a drug used for adjuvant therapy of hepatitis in traditional Chinese medicine. Since its aglycone baicalein (B) inhibits CYP3A and P-gP, co-administration might affect CsA pharmacokinetics. This study investigated the effect of BG on CsA pharmacokinetics. In a two-period study, 16 healthy volunteers received a single 200 mg oral CsA dose alone (reference period) or in combination with 500 mg BG (test period). Pharmacokinetic evaluation of CsA was carried out using non-compartmental analysis (NCA) and population pharmacokinetics (popPK). Treatments were compared using the standard bioequivalence method. Based on NCA, 90% CIs of AUC and Cmax test-to-reference ratios were within bioequivalence boundaries. In the popPK analysis, a two-compartment model (clearance/F 62.8 L/h, central and peripheral volume of distribution/F 254 L and 388 L) with transit compartments for absorption appropriately described CsA concentrations. No clinically relevant effect of 500 mg BG co-administration on CsA pharmacokinetics was identified and both treatments were well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department I of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jingyao Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuaibing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Uwe Fuhr
- Department I of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Max Taubert
- Department I of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, China
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18
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Yang W, Yang M, Yao H, Ma Y, Ren X, Teng L, Wang T. Protective role of arnebin-1 in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:1250-1263. [PMID: 30678506 PMCID: PMC6421396 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518813058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the effects of arnebin-1 on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
(NAFLD) induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Methods Male Sprague–Dawley rats were fed an HFD for 10 weeks and then treated with
arnebin-1 at a dose of 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg/day by gavage for a further 12
weeks of a 22-week HFD. Peripheral blood and liver tissues were collected
for biochemical and histopathological examination. The mechanisms of
arnebin-1 on liver fibrosis and insulin resistance (IR) were determined by
Western blotting and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results Arnebin-1 treatment attenuated the increase of total cholesterol,
triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, aspartate
aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in serum and lipid
accumulation in the livers of HFD-fed rats. Furthermore, arnebin-1 abrogated
HFD-induced liver fibrosis and the increase of fibrotic biomarkers. The
HFD-induced decrease of hepatic proliferator-activated receptor γ and
pro-matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 levels and the increase of tissue
inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) levels were reversed after
arnebin-1. Arnebin-1 attenuated IR through activating the insulin receptor
substrate-1/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway. Conclusion This study demonstrated that arnebin-1 ameliorates NAFLD, in part, by
attenuating hepatic fibrosis and IR, suggesting that arnebin-1 may be a
therapeutic agent for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Minchun Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hui Yao
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yelin Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xuanxuan Ren
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Long Teng
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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19
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Tian X, Chang Y, Wei J, Liu R, Wang L, Zhang J, Zhang X. Baicalin reduces ciclosporin bioavailability by inducing intestinal p-glycoprotein in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2019; 71:788-796. [PMID: 30663770 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the effects of multiple doses of baicalin (BG) on the pharmacokinetics of ciclosporin (CsA) in rats and the potential mechanisms.
Methods
Pharmacokinetic parameters of CsA were determined in male rats after administration of CsA (3 mg/kg, i.g. or i.v.) to rats in the presence and absence of BG (80 mg/kg, i.g. or i.v.) for 7 days. The livers and intestines of rats were isolated and the CYP3A and p-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression were analysed. The effect of BG on the intestinal absorptive behaviour of CsA was also investigated using in-vitro everted rat gut sac model.
Key findings
Baicalin (80 mg/kg, i.v., 7 days) had no effect on the intravenously administered CsA. However, BG (80 mg/kg, i.g., 7 days) significantly decreased the Cmax, AUC0–t and AUC0–∞ of orally administered CsA by 38, 26 and 25%, respectively (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Further study revealed that the expression of P-gp in intestine increased in oral multiple doses of BG-treated rats. The in-vitro everted rat gut sac model demonstrated BG (10 μm) significantly decreased the absorption of CsA (10 μm) in intestine (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
Multiple doses of BG decreased the oral bioavailability of CsA in rats significantly, which may be mainly attributable to inhibition of absorption of CsA in intestine and induction of P-gp. The interaction between BG and CsA may occur when BG and CsA were co-administered for long-term use. The dosage adjustment and blood concentration monitoring of CsA may be required in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingyao Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruijuan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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20
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Gegen Qinlian Decoction Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Steatohepatitis in Rats via Gut Microbiota. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:7370891. [PMID: 30671129 PMCID: PMC6323455 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7370891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota play an important role in modulating energy contribution, metabolism, and inflammation, and disruption of the microbiome population is closely associated with chronic metabolic diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Gegen Qinlian decoction (GGQLD), a well-known traditional Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), was previously found to regulate lipid metabolism and attenuate inflammation during NAFLD pathogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism of this process, as well as how the gut microbiome is involved, remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of varying doses of GGQLD on the total amount and distribution of gut bacteria in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. Our analysis indicates that Oscillibacter and Ruminococcaceae_g_unclassified are the dominant families in the HFD group. Further, HFD-dependent differences at the phylum, class, and genus levels appear to lead to dysbiosis, characterized by an increase in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and a dramatic increase in the Oscillibacter genus compared to the control group. Treatment with GGQLD, especially the GGQLL dose, improved these HFD-induced changes in intestinal flora, leading to increased levels of Firmicutes, Clostridia, Lactobacillus, bacilli, and Erysipelotrichales that were similar to the controls. Taken together, our data highlight the efficacy of GGQLD in treating NAFLD and support its clinical use as a treatment for NAFLD/NASH patients.
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Zhou BG, Zhao HM, Lu XY, Zhou W, Liu FC, Liu XK, Liu DY. Effect of Puerarin Regulated mTOR Signaling Pathway in Experimental Liver Injury. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1165. [PMID: 30405406 PMCID: PMC6206176 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that excessive hepatocellular apoptosis is a typical characteristic of hepatic disease, and is regulated by the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. As the main active component of Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) roots, which is frequently used to treat hepatic diseases, Puerarin (Pue) has been reported to alleviate and protect against hepatic injury. However, it is unclear whether Pue can inhibit mTOR signaling to prevent excessive apoptosis in the treatment of hepatic diseases. In the present study, Pue effectively ameliorated pathological injury of the liver, decreased serum enzyme (ALT, AST, γ-GT, AKP, DBIL, and TBIL) levels, regulated the balance between pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, and TGF-β1) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10), restored the cell cycle and inhibited hepatocellular apoptosis and caspase-3 expression in rats with liver injury induced by 2-AAF/PH. Pue inhibited p-mTOR, p-AKT and Raptor activity, and increased Rictor expression in the liver tissues of rats with experimental liver injury. These results indicated that Pue effectively regulated the activation of mTOR signaling pathway in the therapeutic and prophylactic process of Pue on experimental liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu-Gao Zhou
- Science and Technology College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Hai-Mei Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiu-Yun Lu
- Science and Technology College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Science and Technology College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Fu-Chun Liu
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xue-Ke Liu
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Duan-Yong Liu
- Science and Technology College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
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22
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Add-on therapy with traditional Chinese medicine: An efficacious approach for lipid metabolism disorders. Pharmacol Res 2018; 134:200-211. [PMID: 29935947 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Add-on therapy with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been extensively researched in the intractable diseases, such as asthma, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. As an entirely new concept, add-on therapy of TCM has been also used to prevent and treat hyperlipidemia via lowering cholesterol level. However, the efficacy of add-on therapy with TCM for mediating lipid metabolism disorders remains controversial. In this review, we summarize and provide strong evidence that add-on therapy of TCM as a novel approach is efficacious and safe for hyperlipidemia associated diseases based on the mediation of lipid metabolism disorders.
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23
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Upregulation of UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases 1a1 and 1a7 Are Involved in Altered Puerarin Pharmacokinetics in Type II Diabetic Rats. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061487. [PMID: 29925761 PMCID: PMC6099598 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Puerarin is an isoflavonoid extracted from Pueraria lobata roots, and displays a broad range of pharmacological activities, including antidiabetic activity. However, information about the pharmacokinetics of puerarin in diabetics is scarce. This study was conducted to investigate the difference in pharmacokinetic effects of puerarin in normal rats and rats with diabetes mellitus (DM), and the mechanism involved. DM was induced by a combined high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Plasma concentrations of puerarin in DM, HFD, and control rats were determined after intravenous (20 mg/kg) and oral administration (500 mg/kg) of puerarin, and pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated. The messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression levels of Ugt1a1 and Ugt1a7 in rat livers and intestines were measured using qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. The area under the concentration–time curve and the clearance of puerarin in the DM rats statistically differed from those in the control rats (p <0.05) with both administration routes. The hepatic and intestinal gene and protein expressions of Ugt1a1 and Ugt1a7 were significantly increased in the DM rats (p <0.05). Therefore, the metabolic changes in diabetes could alter the pharmacokinetics of puerarin. This change could be caused by upregulated uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferase activity, which may enhance puerarin clearance, and alter its therapeutic effects.
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Baicalin attenuates diet induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress via suppressing JNK signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 98:111-117. [PMID: 29247950 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis may develop into hepatic cirrhosis. The therapeutic drugs for NASH are absent. Baicalin (BC) has hepatoprotective effect, while whether BC could prevent the development of NASH is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of BC on the development of diet induced NASH and the possible mechanisms involved. Mice were fed with high fat and high cholesterol (HFC) diet to establish a NASH model, BC (0.5% w/w) was added into the diet to evaluate its effect on NASH. Mice fed an HFC diet developed NASH in 12 weeks. BC administration attenuated hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis induced by HFC diet. The NALFD activity score (NAS) was sharply decreased by BC. Mice serum ALT and AST were decreased in the BC group. BC decreased hepatic inflammatory cell infiltration, inflammatory genes (MCP-1, TNFα) and fibrosis genes (COL1, α-SMA, TGFβ) mRNA expression. BC has antioxidant function evidenced by upregulated hepatic GSH and SOD levels and downregulated MDA levels. BC restored some oxidative stress markers including 4-HNE, 8-OHdG in liver. Western blot analysis stated that BC suppressed pro-inflammatory COX-2 levels, pro-oxidative CYP2E1 levels and phosphorylation of JNK in mice liver. Collectively, BC can attenuate diet induced NASH and the mechanism in which possibly due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects via blockade of the activation of JNK.
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25
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Gao C, Zhou Y, Li H, Cong X, Jiang Z, Wang X, Cao R, Tian W. Antitumor effects of baicalin on ovarian cancer cells through induction of cell apoptosis and inhibition of cell migration in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8729-8734. [PMID: 29039573 PMCID: PMC5779949 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Baicalin, an active flavone isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has been demonstrated to induce various beneficial biochemical effects such as anti‑inflammatory, anti‑viral, and antitumor effects. However, the antitumor mechanism of baicalin is not well understood. In the present study, baicalin was demonstrated to inhibit the viability and migration of a widely used ovarian cancer cell line, A2780, in a dose‑dependent manner. MTT assays revealed that cell viability significantly decreased in ovarian cancer cells treated with baicalin compared with untreated cells, without effect on normal ovarian cells. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that baicalin suppressed cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis. The underlying mechanisms involved were indicated to be downregulation of the anti‑apoptotic protein B‑cell lymphoma 2 apoptosis regulator and activation of caspase‑3 and ‑9. In addition, wound healing and transwell assays revealed that cell migratory potential and expression of matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)‑2 and MMP‑9 were significantly inhibited when cells were exposed to baicalin, compared with untreated cells. The present study therefore suggested that baicalin has the potential to be used in novel anti‑cancer therapeutic formulations for treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, P.R. China
| | - Yinglu Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, P.R. China
| | - Huatao Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, P.R. China
| | - Xia Cong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, P.R. China
| | - Zhongling Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, P.R. China
| | - Rongfeng Cao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, P.R. China
| | - Wenru Tian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, P.R. China
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26
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Puerarin promotes ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux and decreases cellular lipid accumulation in THP-1 macrophages. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 811:74-86. [PMID: 28576406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It was reported that puerarin decreases the total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG) and increases high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. This study was designed to determine whether puerarin decreased lipid accumulation via up-regulation of ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells. Our results showed that puerarin significantly promoted the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) mRNA and protein via the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ)-liver X receptor-alpha (LXR-α) pathway and decreased cellular lipid accumulation in human THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells. The miR-7 directly targeted 3' untranslated region of STK11 (Serine/Threonine Kinase 11), which activated the AMPK pathway. Transfection with miR-7 mimic significantly reduced STK11 expression in puerarin-treated macrophages, decreased the phosphorylation of AMPK, down-regulated the expression of the PPARγ-LXR-α-ABCA1 expression. Additionally, treatment with miR-7 decreased cholesterol efflux and increased cholesterol levels in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells. Our study demonstrates that puerarin promotes ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux and decreases intracellular cholesterol levels through the pathway involving miR-7, STK11, and the AMPK-PPARγ-LXR-α-ABCA1 cascade.
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27
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Liu H, Zhong H, Yin Y, Jiang Z. Genistein has beneficial effects on hepatic steatosis in high fat-high sucrose diet-treated rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:964-969. [PMID: 28514835 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genistein, a kind of phytoestrogen abundant in soybeans, is beneficial for alleviating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the specific mechanism was not clearly understood. This study was designed to determine the effect of genistein on NAFLD and explore the possible mechanism. 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: the control group, high fat-high sucrose diet (HFS) group, HFS with 4mg/kg body weight genistein, and HFS with 8mg/kg body weight genistein. 12 weeks later, serum and hepatic lipid profiles, liver histopathological examination were characterized. The protein levels of liver AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphorylation of AMPK (p-AMPK), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), phosphorylation of ACC (p-ACC) and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) were determined by western blot. mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase gene (FAS) and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), carnitine palmitoyl transfer enzyme-1 (CPT-1) and acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO) were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results showed that genistein effectively improved serum and hepatic lipid metabolism and diminished fat accumulation in liver. And the protein level of hepatic p-AMPK and p-ACC were increased, but SREBP-1 was decreased by genistein. Meanwhile, the mRNA levels of FAS and GPAT were lower, but PPARα, CPT-1, ACO were higher in rats treated with genistein compared with HFS group. Collectively, genistein can improve hepatic steatosis via activating AMPK, thus promoting fatty acid oxidation and inhibiting lipid synthesis in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijia Zhong
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yimin Yin
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoqin Jiang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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28
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Colorectal Carcinoma: A General Overview and Future Perspectives in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010197. [PMID: 28106826 PMCID: PMC5297828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 767] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death. Most cases of CRC are detected in Western countries, with its incidence increasing year by year. The probability of suffering from colorectal cancer is about 4%–5% and the risk for developing CRC is associated with personal features or habits such as age, chronic disease history and lifestyle. In this context, the gut microbiota has a relevant role, and dysbiosis situations can induce colonic carcinogenesis through a chronic inflammation mechanism. Some of the bacteria responsible for this multiphase process include Fusobacterium spp, Bacteroides fragilis and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. CRC is caused by mutations that target oncogenes, tumour suppressor genes and genes related to DNA repair mechanisms. Depending on the origin of the mutation, colorectal carcinomas can be classified as sporadic (70%); inherited (5%) and familial (25%). The pathogenic mechanisms leading to this situation can be included in three types, namely chromosomal instability (CIN), microsatellite instability (MSI) and CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). Within these types of CRC, common mutations, chromosomal changes and translocations have been reported to affect important pathways (WNT, MAPK/PI3K, TGF-β, TP53), and mutations; in particular, genes such as c-MYC, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, PTEN, SMAD2 and SMAD4 can be used as predictive markers for patient outcome. In addition to gene mutations, alterations in ncRNAs, such as lncRNA or miRNA, can also contribute to different steps of the carcinogenesis process and have a predictive value when used as biomarkers. In consequence, different panels of genes and mRNA are being developed to improve prognosis and treatment selection. The choice of first-line treatment in CRC follows a multimodal approach based on tumour-related characteristics and usually comprises surgical resection followed by chemotherapy combined with monoclonal antibodies or proteins against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth receptor (EGFR). Besides traditional chemotherapy, alternative therapies (such as agarose tumour macrobeads, anti-inflammatory drugs, probiotics, and gold-based drugs) are currently being studied to increase treatment effectiveness and reduce side effects.
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29
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Cave MC, Clair HB, Hardesty JE, Falkner KC, Feng W, Clark BJ, Sidey J, Shi H, Aqel BA, McClain CJ, Prough RA. Nuclear receptors and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1859:1083-1099. [PMID: 26962021 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors are transcription factors which sense changing environmental or hormonal signals and effect transcriptional changes to regulate core life functions including growth, development, and reproduction. To support this function, following ligand-activation by xenobiotics, members of subfamily 1 nuclear receptors (NR1s) may heterodimerize with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) to regulate transcription of genes involved in energy and xenobiotic metabolism and inflammation. Several of these receptors including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), the pregnane and xenobiotic receptor (PXR), the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), the liver X receptor (LXR) and the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) are key regulators of the gut:liver:adipose axis and serve to coordinate metabolic responses across organ systems between the fed and fasting states. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease and may progress to cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is associated with inappropriate nuclear receptor function and perturbations along the gut:liver:adipose axis including obesity, increased intestinal permeability with systemic inflammation, abnormal hepatic lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance. Environmental chemicals may compound the problem by directly interacting with nuclear receptors leading to metabolic confusion and the inability to differentiate fed from fasting conditions. This review focuses on the impact of nuclear receptors in the pathogenesis and treatment of NAFLD. Clinical trials including PIVENS and FLINT demonstrate that nuclear receptor targeted therapies may lead to the paradoxical dissociation of steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and obesity. Novel strategies currently under development (including tissue-specific ligands and dual receptor agonists) may be required to separate the beneficial effects of nuclear receptor activation from unwanted metabolic side effects. The impact of nuclear receptor crosstalk in NAFLD is likely to be profound, but requires further elucidation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Xenobiotic nuclear receptors: New Tricks for An Old Dog, edited by Dr. Wen Xie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Cave
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; The Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, USA; The KentuckyOne Health Jewish Hospital Liver Transplant Program, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Heather B Clair
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Josiah E Hardesty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - K Cameron Falkner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Wenke Feng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Barbara J Clark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jennifer Sidey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Hongxue Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Bashar A Aqel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, AZ 85054, USA
| | - Craig J McClain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; The Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, USA; The KentuckyOne Health Jewish Hospital Liver Transplant Program, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Russell A Prough
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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