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Rajeev V, Tabassum NI, Fann DY, Chen CP, Lai MK, Arumugam TV. Intermittent Metabolic Switching and Vascular Cognitive Impairment. J Obes Metab Syndr 2024; 33:92-107. [PMID: 38736362 PMCID: PMC11224924 DOI: 10.7570/jomes24010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF), a dietary pattern alternating between eating and fasting periods within a 24-hour cycle, has garnered recognition for its potential to enhance both healthspan and lifespan in animal models and humans. It also shows promise in alleviating age-related diseases, including neurodegeneration. Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) spans a severity range from mild cognitive deficits to severe cognitive deficits and loss of function in vascular dementia. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion has emerged as a significant contributor to VCI, instigating vascular pathologies such as microbleeds, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, neuronal loss, and white matter lesions. Preclinical studies in rodents strongly suggest that IF has the potential to attenuate pathological mechanisms, including excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death pathways in VCI models. Hence, this supports evaluating IF in clinical trials for both existing and at-risk VCI patients. This review compiles existing data supporting IF's potential in treating VCI-related vascular and neuronal pathologies, emphasizing the mechanisms by which IF may mitigate these issues. Hence providing a comprehensive overview of the available data supporting IF's potential in treating VCI by emphasizing the underlying mechanisms that make IF a promising intervention for VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vismitha Rajeev
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nishat I. Tabassum
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - David Y. Fann
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher P. Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Mitchell K.P. Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Thiruma V. Arumugam
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
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2
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Chelluboina B, Cho T, Park JS, Mehta SL, Bathula S, Jeong S, Vemuganti R. Intermittent fasting induced cerebral ischemic tolerance altered gut microbiome and increased levels of short-chain fatty acids to a beneficial phenotype. Neurochem Int 2024; 178:105795. [PMID: 38908519 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Preconditioning-induced cerebral ischemic tolerance is known to be a beneficial adaptation to protect the brain in an unavoidable event of stroke. We currently demonstrate that a short bout (6 weeks) of intermittent fasting (IF; 15 h fast/day) induces similar ischemic tolerance to that of a longer bout (12 weeks) in adult C57BL/6 male mice subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). In addition, the 6 weeks IF regimen induced ischemic tolerance irrespective of age (3 months or 24 months) and sex. Mice subjected to transient MCAO following IF showed improved motor function recovery (rotarod and beam walk tests) between days 1 and 14 of reperfusion and smaller infarcts (T2-MRI) on day 1 of reperfusion compared with age/sex matched ad libitum (AL) controls. Diet influences the gut microbiome composition and stroke is known to promote gut bacterial dysbiosis. We presently show that IF promotes a beneficial phenotype of gut microbiome following transient MCAO compared with AL cohort. Furthermore, post-stroke levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are known to be neuroprotective, are higher in the fecal samples of the IF cohort compared with the AL cohort. Thus, our studies indicate the efficacy of IF in protecting the brain after stroke, irrespective of age and sex, probably by altering gut microbiome and SCFA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Chelluboina
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Tony Cho
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jin-Soo Park
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Suresh L Mehta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Soomin Jeong
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; William S. Middleton Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
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3
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Hassan NH, Saleh D, Abo El-Khair SM, Almasry SM, Ibrahim A. The relation between autophagy modulation by intermittent fasting and aquaporin 2 expression in experimentally induced diabetic nephropathy in albino rat. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102395. [PMID: 38692159 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Polyuria is an early sign of diabetic nephropathy (DN) that produces dehydration in diabetic patients. This could be caused by alteration of renal aquaporin 2 (AQP2) expression. This study aimed to describe the relation between autophagy modulation via intermittent fasting (IF) and renal AQP2 expression and polyuria in case of DN. We divided the rats into control, DN and IF groups. After 2 and 4 weeks of diabetes induction, blood glucose (BG), serum creatinine (Scr), urine volume, and 24 hours urine protein (UP) were examined. Diabetic nephropathy histopathological index (DNHI) was calculated to evaluate histopathological changes. Immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR were performed to measure the levels of AQP2 and the autophagy marker; LC3 in kidney tissue. DNHI was correlated to the PCR and immunoexpression of AQP2 and LC3. Intermittent fasting significantly decreased the BG, Scr, urine volume, 24 hours UP, and DNHI as compared diabetes. Diabetes significantly elevated the immunoreactivity and mRNA expression levels of AQP2 and LC3 as compared to the control. However, the IF decreased AQP2 and stimulated autophagy in cyclic fashion. Our data revealed significant positive correlations between AQP2 and LC3 at the level of immunoexpression and mRNA at 2nd weeks. Taken together, these data showed that autophagy stimulation didn't regulate AQP2 expression in case of diabetic nephropathy, however IF decreased polyuria through improvement of glycemic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Hisham Hassan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | - Dalia Saleh
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Salwa M Abo El-Khair
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Shaima M Almasry
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Amira Ibrahim
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
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Chen Q, Wu M, Tang Q, Yan P, Zhu L. Age-Related Alterations in Immune Function and Inflammation: Focus on Ischemic Stroke. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1046-1074. [PMID: 37728582 PMCID: PMC11081165 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0721-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging of the global population poses significant scientific challenges. Moreover, the biological process of aging is the most significant risk factor for most chronic illnesses; therefore, understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these aging-related challenges is crucial for extending the healthy lifespan of older individuals. Preventing brain aging remains a priority public health goal, and integrative and comprehensive aging analyses have revealed that immunosenescence is a potential cause of age-related brain damage and disease (e.g., stroke). Importantly, the neuroinflammatory and immune systems present two-way contact and thus can affect each other. Emerging evidence supports the numerous effects of immunosenescence- and inflammation-mediated immunity in neurologically injured brains. In this study, we briefly outline how aging alters the pathophysiology and transcriptional amplitude in patients who experienced stroke and then discuss how the immune system and its cellular components and molecular mechanisms are affected by age after stroke. Finally, we highlight emerging interventions with the potential to slow down or reduce aging and prevent stroke onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxin Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Minmin Wu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Qiang Tang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Peiyu Yan
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Luwen Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
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Missong H, Joshi R, Khullar N, Thareja S, Navik U, Bhatti GK, Bhatti JS. Nutrient-epigenome interactions: Implications for personalized nutrition against aging-associated diseases. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 127:109592. [PMID: 38325612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Aging is a multifaceted process involving genetic and environmental interactions often resulting in epigenetic changes, potentially leading to aging-related diseases. Various strategies, like dietary interventions and calorie restrictions, have been employed to modify these epigenetic landscapes. A burgeoning field of interest focuses on the role of microbiota in human health, emphasizing system biology and computational approaches. These methods help decipher the intricate interplay between diet and gut microbiota, facilitating the creation of personalized nutrition strategies. In this review, we analysed the mechanisms related to nutritional interventions while highlighting the influence of dietary strategies, like calorie restriction and intermittent fasting, on microbial composition and function. We explore how gut microbiota affects the efficacy of interventions using tools like multi-omics data integration, network analysis, and machine learning. These tools enable us to pinpoint critical regulatory elements and generate individualized models for dietary responses. Lastly, we emphasize the need for a deeper comprehension of nutrient-epigenome interactions and the potential of personalized nutrition informed by individual genetic and epigenetic profiles. As knowledge and technology advance, dietary epigenetics stands on the cusp of reshaping our strategy against aging and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemi Missong
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Riya Joshi
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Naina Khullar
- Department of Zoology, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
| | - Suresh Thareja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Umashanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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Rodriguez-Zas SL, Nowak RA, Antonson AM, Rund L, Bhamidi S, Gomez AN, Southey BR, Johnson RW. Immune and metabolic challenges induce changes in pain sensation and related pathways in the hypothalamus. Physiol Genomics 2024; 56:343-359. [PMID: 38189117 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00134.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic molecular processes participate in the regulation of the neuro-immune-endocrine system, including hormone, metabolite, chemokine circulation, and corresponding physiological and behavioral responses. RNA-sequencing profiles were analyzed to understand the effect of juvenile immune and metabolic distress 100 days after virally elicited maternal immune activation during gestation in pigs. Over 1,300 genes exhibited significant additive or interacting effects of gestational immune activation, juvenile distress, and sex. One-third of these genes presented multiple effects, emphasizing the complex interplay of these factors. Key functional categories enriched among affected genes included sensory perception of pain, steroidogenesis, prolactin, neuropeptide, and inflammatory signaling. These categories underscore the intricate relationship between gestational immune activation during gestation, distress, and the response of hypothalamic pathways to insults. These effects were sex-dependent for many genes, such as Prdm12, Oprd1, Isg20, Prl, Oxt, and Vip. The prevalence of differentially expressed genes annotated to proinflammatory and cell cycle processes suggests potential implications for synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival. The gene profiles affected by immune activation, distress, and sex pointed to the action of transcription factors SHOX2, STAT1, and REST. These findings underscore the importance of considering sex and postnatal challenges when studying causes of neurodevelopmental disorders and highlight the complexity of the "two-hit" hypothesis in understanding their etiology. Our study furthers the understanding of the intricate molecular responses in the hypothalamus to gestational immune activation and subsequent distress, shedding light on the sex-specific effects and the potential long-lasting consequences on pain perception, neuroendocrine regulation, and inflammatory processes.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The interaction of infection during gestation and insults later in life influences the molecular mechanisms in the hypothalamus that participate in pain sensation. The response of the hypothalamic transcriptome varies between sexes and can also affect synapses and immune signals. The findings from this study assist in the identification of agonists or antagonists that can guide pretranslational studies to ameliorate the effects of gestational insults interacting with postnatal challenges on physiological or behavioral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L Rodriguez-Zas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Romana A Nowak
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Adrienne M Antonson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Laurie Rund
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Sreelaya Bhamidi
- School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Andrea N Gomez
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Bruce R Southey
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Rodney W Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
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Elias A, Padinjakara N, Lautenschlager NT. Effects of intermittent fasting on cognitive health and Alzheimer's disease. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:1225-1233. [PMID: 37043764 PMCID: PMC10413426 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Caloric restriction by intermittent fasting produces several metabolic changes, such as increased insulin sensitivity and use of ketone bodies as energy sources. In humans, intermittent fasting has been studied in hypertension, diabetes, and related conditions, but, to date, not as a strategy to reduce the risk of emergent dementia. In this scoping review, the relevance of intermittent fasting as a potential preventive intervention for Alzheimer's dementia is explored. BACKGROUND The beneficial effects of calorie restriction have been documented in animals and humans. Decreased oxidative stress damage and attenuated inflammatory responses are associated with intermittent fasting. These changes have a favorable impact on the vascular endothelium and stress-induced cellular adaptation. RESULTS Physiological alterations associated with fasting have profound implications for pathological mechanisms associated with dementias, particularly Alzheimer's disease. Compared with ad libitum feeding, caloric restriction in animals was associated with a reduction in β-amyloid accumulation, which is the cardinal pathological marker of Alzheimer's disease. Animal studies have demonstrated synaptic adaptations in the hippocampus and enhanced cognitive function after fasting, consistent with these theoretical frameworks. Furthermore, vascular dysfunction plays a crucial role in Alzheimer's disease pathology, and intermittent fasting promotes vascular health. CONCLUSIONS These observations lead to a hypothesis that intermittent fasting over the years will potentially reverse or delay the pathological process in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alby Elias
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, North-Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Noushad Padinjakara
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, South Warwickshire University NHS Foundation Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola T Lautenschlager
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, North-Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Victoria, Australia
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Caron JP, Kreher MA, Mickle AM, Wu S, Przkora R, Estores IM, Sibille KT. Intermittent Fasting: Potential Utility in the Treatment of Chronic Pain across the Clinical Spectrum. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122536. [PMID: 35745266 PMCID: PMC9228511 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary behavior can have a consequential and wide-ranging influence on human health. Intermittent fasting, which involves intermittent restriction in energy intake, has been shown to have beneficial cellular, physiological, and system-wide effects in animal and human studies. Despite the potential utility in preventing, slowing, and reversing disease processes, the clinical application of intermittent fasting remains limited. The health benefits associated with the simple implementation of a 12 to 16 h fast suggest a promising role in the treatment of chronic pain. A literature review was completed to characterize the physiologic benefits of intermittent fasting and to relate the evidence to the mechanisms underlying chronic pain. Research on different fasting regimens is outlined and an overview of research demonstrating the benefits of intermittent fasting across diverse health conditions is provided. Data on the physiologic effects of intermittent fasting are summarized. The physiology of different pain states is reviewed and the possible implications for intermittent fasting in the treatment of chronic pain through non-invasive management, prehabilitation, and rehabilitation following injury and invasive procedures are presented. Evidence indicates the potential utility of intermittent fasting in the comprehensive management of chronic pain and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse P. Caron
- Pain TRAIL—Translational Research in Assessment & Intervention Lab, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA; (J.P.C.); (M.A.K.); (A.M.M.); (S.W.); (R.P.); (I.M.E.)
| | - Margaret Ann Kreher
- Pain TRAIL—Translational Research in Assessment & Intervention Lab, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA; (J.P.C.); (M.A.K.); (A.M.M.); (S.W.); (R.P.); (I.M.E.)
| | - Angela M. Mickle
- Pain TRAIL—Translational Research in Assessment & Intervention Lab, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA; (J.P.C.); (M.A.K.); (A.M.M.); (S.W.); (R.P.); (I.M.E.)
| | - Stanley Wu
- Pain TRAIL—Translational Research in Assessment & Intervention Lab, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA; (J.P.C.); (M.A.K.); (A.M.M.); (S.W.); (R.P.); (I.M.E.)
| | - Rene Przkora
- Pain TRAIL—Translational Research in Assessment & Intervention Lab, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA; (J.P.C.); (M.A.K.); (A.M.M.); (S.W.); (R.P.); (I.M.E.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Irene M. Estores
- Pain TRAIL—Translational Research in Assessment & Intervention Lab, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA; (J.P.C.); (M.A.K.); (A.M.M.); (S.W.); (R.P.); (I.M.E.)
| | - Kimberly T. Sibille
- Pain TRAIL—Translational Research in Assessment & Intervention Lab, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA; (J.P.C.); (M.A.K.); (A.M.M.); (S.W.); (R.P.); (I.M.E.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Correspondence:
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Pak M, Bozkurt S, Pınarbaşı A, Öz Arslan D, Aksungar FB. Effects of Prolonged Intermittent Fasting Model on Energy Metabolism and Mitochondrial Functions in Neurons. Ann Neurosci 2022; 29:21-31. [PMID: 35875426 PMCID: PMC9305913 DOI: 10.1177/09727531211072303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Calorie restriction (CR) during daily nutrition has been shown to affect the prognosis of many chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and aging. As an alternative nutrition model, prolonged intermittent fasting (PF) in humans is defined by the absence of food for more than 12 h. In our previous human studies, CR and PF models were compared and it was concluded that the two models might have differences in signal transduction mechanisms. We have investigated the effects of these models on neurons at the molecular level in this study. Methods: Neurons (SH-SY5Y) were incubated with normal medium (N), calorie-restricted medium (CR), fasting medium (PF), and glucose-free medium (G0) for 16 h. Simultaneously, ketone (beta-hydroxybutyrate; bOHB) was added to other experiment flasks containing the same media. Concentrations of lactate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), bOHB, and glucose were measured to demonstrate the changes in the energy metabolism together with the mitochondrial functions of cells. Citrate synthase activity and flow cytometric mitochondrial functions were investigated. Results: At the end of incubations, lactate and LDH levels were decreased and mitochondrial activity was increased in all ketone-added groups (P < .01) regardless of the glucose concentration in the environment. In the fasting model, these differences were more prominent. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that neurons use ketones regardless of the amount of glucose, and bOHB-treated cells had positive changes in mitochondrial function. We conclude that the presence of bOHB might reverse neuron damage and that exogenous ketone treatment may be beneficial in the treatment of neurological diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Pak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Bozkurt
- Department of Biophysics, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arzu Pınarbaşı
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Devrim Öz Arslan
- Department of Biophysics, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fehime Benli Aksungar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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10
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Ebrahim HA, El-Gamal R, Sherif RN. Intermittent Fasting Attenuates High Fat Diet-Induced Cerebellar Changes in Rats: Involvement of TNFα, autophagy and oxidative stress. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 210:351-367. [PMID: 34551416 DOI: 10.1159/000519088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hasnaa Ali Ebrahim
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Randa El-Gamal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
- Medical Experimental Research Center (MERC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rania N Sherif
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Dentistry, Horus University, Damietta, Egypt
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
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11
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Ajoolabady A, Wang S, Kroemer G, Penninger JM, Uversky VN, Pratico D, Henninger N, Reiter RJ, Bruno A, Joshipura K, Aslkhodapasandhokmabad H, Klionsky DJ, Ren J. Targeting autophagy in ischemic stroke: From molecular mechanisms to clinical therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 225:107848. [PMID: 33823204 PMCID: PMC8263472 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Stroke constitutes the second leading cause of death and a major cause of disability worldwide. Stroke is normally classified as either ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke (HS) although 87% of cases belong to ischemic nature. Approximately 700,000 individuals suffer an ischemic stroke (IS) in the US each year. Recent evidence has denoted a rather pivotal role for defective macroautophagy/autophagy in the pathogenesis of IS. Cellular response to stroke includes autophagy as an adaptive mechanism that alleviates cellular stresses by removing long-lived or damaged organelles, protein aggregates, and surplus cellular components via the autophagosome-lysosomal degradation process. In this context, autophagy functions as an essential cellular process to maintain cellular homeostasis and organismal survival. However, unchecked or excessive induction of autophagy has been perceived to be detrimental and its contribution to neuronal cell death remains largely unknown. In this review, we will summarize the role of autophagy in IS, and discuss potential strategies, particularly, employment of natural compounds for IS treatment through manipulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ajoolabady
- University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Shuyi Wang
- University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; School of Medicine Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France; Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China; Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria; Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pushchino, Moscow region 142290, Russia
| | - Domenico Pratico
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Nils Henninger
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Askiel Bruno
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA 30912, USA
| | - Kaumudi Joshipura
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Clinical Research and Health Promotion, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936-5067, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Departments of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA.
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington Seattle, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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12
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Water Extract of Mixed Mushroom Mycelia Grown on a Solid Barley Medium Is Protective against Experimental Focal Cerebral Ischemia. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:365-383. [PMID: 34203617 PMCID: PMC8928960 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the individual consumption of medicinal mushrooms, including Phellinus linteus (PL), Ganoderma lucidum (GL), and Inonotus obliquus (IO), is known to be neuroprotective, the associated mechanisms underlying their therapeutic synergism on focal cerebral ischemia (fCI) have yet to be elucidated. This study aimed to demonstrate the neuroprotective effects of mixed mushroom mycelia (MMM) against experimental fCI. The water-fractions, ethanolic-fractions, and ethyl acetate-fractions of the MMM (PL, GL, and IO) grown in a barley medium using solid-state fermentation techniques were prepared and their protective effects against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity were compared in PC-12 cells. After the identification of the water extracts of MMM (wMMM) as the most suitable form, which possessed the lowest toxicity and highest efficacy, further analyses for evaluating the anti-apoptotic effects of wMMM, including Hoechst 33258-based nuclear staining, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection assays, were performed. Rats were subjected to a 90 min middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion, after which a wMMM treatment resulted in significant dose-dependent improvements across a number of parameters. Furthermore, measurements of intracellular ROS and levels of antioxidant enzymes revealed a wMMM-mediated ROS attenuation and antioxidant enzyme upregulation. We suggest that wMMM is neuroprotective against fCI through its anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative effects.
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13
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Ajoolabady A, Aslkhodapasandhokmabad H, Henninger N, Demillard LJ, Nikanfar M, Nourazarian A, Ren J. Targeting autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases: From molecular mechanisms to clinical therapeutics. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:943-953. [PMID: 33752254 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative diseases are associated with pathological aggregation of proteins in neurons. Autophagy is a natural self-cannibalization process that can act as a powerful mechanism to remove aged and damaged organelles as well as protein aggregates. It has been shown that promoting autophagy can attenuate or delay neurodegeneration by removing protein aggregates. In this paper, we will review the role of autophagy in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), and Huntington's Disease (HD) and discuss opportunities and challenges of targeting autophagy as a potential therapeutic avenue for treatment of these common neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ajoolabady
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Nils Henninger
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Laurie J Demillard
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Masoud Nikanfar
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Nourazarian
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jun Ren
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Mani S, Swargiary G, Chadha R. Mitophagy impairment in neurodegenerative diseases: Pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions. Mitochondrion 2021; 57:270-293. [PMID: 33476770 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurons are specialized cells, requiring a lot of energy for its proper functioning. Mitochondria are the key cellular organelles and produce most of the energy in the form of ATP, required for all the crucial functions of neurons. Hence, the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and quality control is important for maintaining neuronal health. As a part of mitochondrial quality control, the aged and damaged mitochondria are removed through a selective mode of autophagy called mitophagy. However, in different pathological conditions, this process is impaired in neuronal cells and lead to a variety of neurodegenerative disease (NDD). Various studies indicate that specific protein aggregates, the characteristics of different NDDs, affect this process of mitophagy, adding to the severity and progression of diseases. Though, the detailed process of this association is yet to be explored. In light of the significant role of impaired mitophagy in NDDs, further studies have also investigated a large number of therapeutic strategies to target mitophagy in these diseases. Our current review summarizes the abnormalities in different mitophagy pathways and their association with different NDDs. We have also elaborated upon various novel therapeutic strategies and their limitations to enhance mitophagy in NDDs that may help in the management of symptoms and increasing the life expectancy of NDD patients. Thus, our study provides an overview of mitophagy in NDDs and emphasizes the need to elucidate the mechanism of impaired mitophagy prevalent across different NDDs in future research. This will help designing better treatment options with high efficacy and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Emerging Disease, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India.
| | - Geeta Swargiary
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Emerging Disease, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Radhika Chadha
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
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15
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Increased Calbindin D28k Expression via Long-Term Alternate-Day Fasting Does Not Protect against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Focus on Delayed Neuronal Death, Gliosis and Immunoglobulin G Leakage. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020644. [PMID: 33440708 PMCID: PMC7827208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Calbindin-D28k (CB), a calcium-binding protein, mediates diverse neuronal functions. In this study, adult gerbils were fed a normal diet (ND) or exposed to intermittent fasting (IF) for three months, and were randomly assigned to sham or ischemia operated groups. Ischemic injury was induced by transient forebrain ischemia for 5 min. Short-term memory was examined via passive avoidance test. CB expression was investigated in the Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) region of the hippocampus via western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Finally, histological analysis was used to assess neuroprotection and gliosis (microgliosis and astrogliosis) in the CA1 region. Short-term memory did not vary significantly between ischemic gerbils with IF and those exposed to ND. CB expression was increased significantly in the CA1 pyramidal neurons of ischemic gerbils with IF compared with that of gerbils fed ND. However, the CB expression was significantly decreased in ischemic gerbils with IF, similarly to that of ischemic gerbils exposed to ND. The CA1 pyramidal neurons were not protected from ischemic injury in both groups, and gliosis (astrogliosis and microgliosis) was gradually increased with time after ischemia. In addition, immunoglobulin G was leaked into the CA1 parenchyma from blood vessels and gradually increased with time after ischemic insult in both groups. Taken together, our study suggests that IF for three months increases CB expression in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons; however, the CA1 pyramidal neurons are not protected from transient forebrain ischemia. This failure in neuroprotection may be attributed to disruption of the blood–brain barrier, which triggers gliosis after ischemic insults.
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16
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Sayadi JJ, Sayadi L, Satteson E, Chopan M. Nerve injury and repair in a ketogenic milieu: A systematic review of traumatic injuries to the spinal cord and peripheral nervous tissue. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244244. [PMID: 33395427 PMCID: PMC7781473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary interventions such as intermittent fasting and the ketogenic diet have demonstrated neuroprotective effects in various models of neurological insult. However, there has been a lack of evaluation of these interventions from a surgical perspective despite their potential to augment reparative processes that occur following nerve injury. Thus, we sought to analyze the effects of these dietary regimens on nerve regeneration and repair by critical appraisal of the literature. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was performed to identify studies published between 1950 and 2020 that examined the impact of either the ketogenic diet or intermittent fasting on traumatic injuries to the spinal cord or peripheral nerves. Study characteristics and outcomes were analyzed for each included article. A total of 1,890 articles were reviewed, of which 11 studies met inclusion criteria. Each of these articles was then assessed based on a variety of qualitative parameters, including type of injury, diet composition, timing, duration, and outcome. In total, seven articles examined the ketogenic diet, while four examined intermittent fasting. Only three studies examined peripheral nerves. Neuroprotective effects manifested as either improved histological or functional benefits in most of the included studies. Overall, we conclude that intermittent fasting and the ketogenic diet may promote neuroprotection and facilitate the regeneration and repair of nerve fibers following injury; however, lack of consistency between the studies in terms of animal models, diet compositions, and timing of dietary interventions preclude synthesis of their outcomes as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamasb Joshua Sayadi
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Lohrasb Sayadi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Ellen Satteson
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mustafa Chopan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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17
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Intermittent Fasting Aggravates Lupus Nephritis through Increasing Survival and Autophagy of Antibody Secreting Cells in MRL/lpr Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228477. [PMID: 33187196 PMCID: PMC7696283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which the main contributors to organ damage are antibodies against autoantigens, such as double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Calorie restriction and intermittent fasting (IF) have been shown to improve autoimmune disease symptoms in patients and animal models. Here, we tested the hypothesis that IF might improve symptoms in MRL/lpr mice, which spontaneously develop an SLE-like disease. Groups of mice were fed every other day (IF) or provided food ad libitum (controls), and various lupus-associated clinicopathological parameters were analyzed for up to 28 weeks. Contrary to expectations, anti-dsDNA antibody levels, immune complex deposition in the kidney, and glomerular injury were higher in the IF group than the control group, although there were no differences in spleen and lymph node weights between groups. Proteinuria was also worsened in the IF group. IF also increased the abundance of B cells, plasmablasts, and plasma cells and elevated autophagy in plasma cells in the spleen and lymph nodes. Secretion of anti-dsDNA antibody by splenocytes in vitro was reduced by chloroquine-induced inhibition of autophagy. These results suggest that IF exacerbates lupus nephritis in MRL/lpr mice by increasing autoantibody immune complex formation.
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18
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Lee TK, Park Y, Kim B, Lee JC, Shin MC, Ohk TG, Park CW, Cho JH, Park JH, Lee CH, Won MH, Ahn JH. Long-Term Alternating Fasting Increases Interleukin-13 in the Gerbil Hippocampus, But Does Not Protect BBB and Pyramidal Neurons From Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2352-2363. [PMID: 32671629 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03094-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It is questionable whether intermittent fasting (IF) protects against brain ischemic injury. This study examined whether IF increased anti-inflammatory cytokines and protected neurons from ischemia-reperfusion injury in the gerbil hippocampus. Gerbils were subjected to 1-day alternating fasting as IF for 1, 2, or 3 months and assigned to sham or 5 min of transient ischemia. We examined the changes in anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13), neurons and IgG by immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence staining in the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) region of the hippocampus before and after ischemia. IF increased IL-13 immunoreactivity in the CA1 region before ischemia, but did not affect IL-4 immunoreactivity. After ischemia, IL-13 and 4 immunoreactivities in the CA1 region were significantly lower in IF gerbils than in non-IF gerbils. In the IF gerbils, the CA1 pyramidal neurons were not protected from ischemic injury; in these gerbils, strong IgG immunoreactivity was seen in the CA1 parenchyma, indicating leakage of the BBB. In brief, IF increased IL-13 in the CA1 region, but these neurons were not protected from transient ischemic injury evidenced by IgG immunoreactivity in the CA1 parenchyma. This study indicates that IF increased some anti-inflammatory cytokines but did not afford neuroprotection against ischemic insults via BBB disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsoo Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, and Institute of Medical Sciences, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Cheol Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, and Institute of Medical Sciences, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Geun Ohk
- Department of Emergency Medicine, and Institute of Medical Sciences, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Woo Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, and Institute of Medical Sciences, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hwi Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, and Institute of Medical Sciences, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University-Gyeongju, Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24252, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Wang H, Zhong D, Chen H, Jin J, Liu Q, Li G. NLRP3 inflammasome activates interleukin-23/interleukin-17 axis during ischaemia-reperfusion injury in cerebral ischaemia in mice. Life Sci 2019; 227:101-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Yoon G, Song J. Intermittent Fasting: a Promising Approach for Preventing Vascular Dementia. J Lipid Atheroscler 2019; 8:1-7. [PMID: 32821694 PMCID: PMC7379085 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2019.8.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia is the most common neuropsychiatric syndrome and is characterized by synaptic dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and cognitive dysfunction. Vascular dementia is associated with various environmental, genetic, and lifestyle risk factors. Recent research has focused on the association between vascular dementia and dietary patterns, suggesting that dietary regulation leads to better control of energy metabolism, improvements in brain insulin resistance, and the suppression of neuroinflammation. Intermittent fasting is a calorie-restriction method known to be more effective in promoting fat loss and regulating the impairment of glucose metabolism as compared with other dietary restriction regimens. Herein, the authors review the effects of intermittent fasting with regard to vascular dementia based on recent evidence and propose that intermittent fasting could be a therapeutic approach for ameliorating vascular dementia pathology and preventing its onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwangho Yoon
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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21
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Cheng CY, Kao ST, Lee YC. Ferulic Acid Exerts Anti-apoptotic Effects against Ischemic Injury by Activating HSP70/Bcl-2- and HSP70/Autophagy-Mediated Signaling after Permanent Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:39-61. [PMID: 30612456 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the anti-apoptotic effects of the administration of ferulic acid (FrA) in rats 30 min before middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) followed by 3 d of ischemia and the involvement of 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70)-mediated signaling in the penumbral cortex. Our results demonstrated that FrA pretreatment at doses of 80 mg/kg (FrA-80 mg) and 100 mg/kg (FrA-100 mg) effectively ameliorated neurological functions and reduced the numbers of cytochrome c-, cleaved caspase-3-, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells in the penumbral cortex 3 d after ischemia. Moreover, FrA-80 mg and FrA-100 mg pretreatment markedly upregulated cytosolic HSP70, Beclin-1, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) A/B-II and autophagy-related protein 5 (Atg5) expression; cytosolic and mitochondrial X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) expression and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. FrA pretreatment downregulated cytosolic cytochrome c, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), procathepsin B, and cathepsin B expression and mitochondrial and cytosolic second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase/direct inhibitor of apoptosis protein-binding protein with a low isoelectric point (Smac/DIABLO) expression in the penumbral cortex. Pretreatment with VER155008, a HSP70 family inhibitor, significantly inhibited the effects of FrA-100 mg on the expression of the aforementioned proteins expression in the penumbral cortex. FrA-80 mg and FrA-100 mg pretreatment exerts neuroprotective effects against caspase-dependent and -independent apoptosis through activating HSP70/Bcl-2- and HSP70/autophagy-induced signaling pathways. Furthermore, the HSP70/Bcl-2- and HSP70/autophagy-induced anti-apoptotic effects of FrA pretreatment can be attributed to the regulation of Bax/cytochrome c/Smac/DIABLO/XIAP/ caspase-3- (or Bax/AIF-) and Beclin-1/LC3A/B-II/Atg5-mediated signaling, respectively, in the penumbral cortex 3 d after permanent MCAo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yi Cheng
- * School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,¶ Department of Chinese Medicine, Hui-Sheng Hospital 42056, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shung-Te Kao
- † School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Lee
- ‡ Research Center for Chinese Medicine & Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,§ Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,∥ Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital 40447, Taichung, Taiwan
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22
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Ahn JH, Shin BN, Song M, Kim H, Park JH, Lee TK, Park CW, Park YE, Lee JC, Yong JH, Lee CH, Hwang IK, Won MH, Lee YL. Intermittent fasting increases the expressions of SODs and catalase in granule and polymorphic cells and enhances neuroblast dendrite complexity and maturation in the adult gerbil dentate gyrus. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:1721-1727. [PMID: 30628688 PMCID: PMC6390044 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (ImF) is known to reduce oxidative stress and affects adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. However, it is unknown how ImF affects endogenous antioxidants expressions, cell proliferation, and neuroblast differentiation and their dendrite remodeling over 3 months in the dentate gyrus of adult gerbils. The present study subjected 6‑month old male gerbils to a normal diet or alternate‑day ImF for 1, 2 and 3 months. Changes in body weight were not significantly different between gerbils fed a normal diet and on ImF. The present study also investigated the effects of ImF on antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD)‑1, SOD2 and catalase] using immunohistochemistry, and endogenous cell proliferation, neuroblast differentiation and neuroblast dendrite complexity by using Ki67 (a cell proliferation marker) and doublecortin (neuroblast differentiation marker) immunohistochemistry in the dentate gyrus. SOD1, SOD2 and CAT immunoreactivities were shown in cells in the granule cell and polymorphic layers. SOD1, SOD2 and catalase immunoreactivity in the cells peaked at 2, 1 and 1 month, respectively, following ImF. Cell proliferation was ~250, 129 and 186% of the control, at 1, 2 and 3 months of ImF, respectively. Neuroblast differentiation was ~41, 32 and 12% of the control, at 1, 2 and 3 months of ImF, respectively, indicating that dendrites of neuroblasts were more arborized and developed at 3 months of ImF. Taken together, these results indicate that ImF for 3 months improves endogenous SOD1, SOD2 and catalase expressions and enhances cell proliferation, and neuroblast dendrites complexity and maturation in the adult gerbil dentate gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Bich Na Shin
- Danchunok Company, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24210, Republic of Korea
| | - Minah Song
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Woo Park
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Eun Park
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hwan Yong
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Dongnam Health University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16238, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Lyul Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Institute of Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
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23
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Shetty AK, Kodali M, Upadhya R, Madhu LN. Emerging Anti-Aging Strategies - Scientific Basis and Efficacy. Aging Dis 2018; 9:1165-1184. [PMID: 30574426 PMCID: PMC6284760 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of age-related diseases is in an upward trend due to increased life expectancy in humans. Age-related conditions are among the leading causes of morbidity and death worldwide currently. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find apt interventions that slow down aging and reduce or postpone the incidence of debilitating age-related diseases. This review discusses the efficacy of emerging anti-aging approaches for maintaining better health in old age. There are many anti-aging strategies in development, which include procedures such as augmentation of autophagy, elimination of senescent cells, transfusion of plasma from young blood, intermittent fasting, enhancement of adult neurogenesis, physical exercise, antioxidant intake, and stem cell therapy. Multiple pre-clinical studies suggest that administration of autophagy enhancers, senolytic drugs, plasma from young blood, drugs that enhance neurogenesis and BDNF are promising approaches to sustain normal health during aging and also to postpone age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Stem cell therapy has also shown promise for improving regeneration and function of the aged or Alzheimer's disease brain. Several of these approaches are awaiting critical appraisal in clinical trials to determine their long-term efficacy and possible adverse effects. On the other hand, procedures such as intermittent fasting, physical exercise, intake of antioxidants such as resveratrol and curcumin have shown considerable promise for improving function in aging, some of which are ready for large-scale clinical trials, as they are non-invasive, and seem to have minimal side effects. In summary, several approaches are at the forefront of becoming mainstream therapies for combating aging and postponing age-related diseases in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K. Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Olin E. Teague Veterans’ Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas 76504, USA
| | - Maheedhar Kodali
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Olin E. Teague Veterans’ Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas 76504, USA
| | - Raghavendra Upadhya
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Olin E. Teague Veterans’ Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas 76504, USA
| | - Leelavathi N. Madhu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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Gültekin F, Nazıroğlu M, Savaş HB, Çiğ B. Calorie restriction protects against apoptosis, mitochondrial oxidative stress and increased calcium signaling through inhibition of TRPV1 channel in the hippocampus and dorsal root ganglion of rats. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:1761-1774. [PMID: 30014177 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0289-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The TRPV1 channel is activated in neurons by capsaicin, oxidative stress, acidic pH and heat factors, and these factors are attenuated by the antioxidant role of calorie restriction (CR). Hence, we investigated the hypothesis that the antioxidant roles of CR and food frequency (FF) may modulate TRPV1 activity and apoptosis through inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative stress in hippocampal (HIPPON) and dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGN). We investigated the contribution of FF and CR to neuronal injury and apoptosis through inhibition of TRPV1 in rats. We assigned rats to control, FF and FF + CR groups. A fixed amount of food ad libitum was supplemented to the control and FF groups for 20 weeks, respectively. FF + CR group were fed the same amount of food as the control group but with 20% less calories during the same period. In major results, TRPV1 currents, intracellular Ca2+ levels, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial depolarization, PARP-1 expression, caspase 3 and 9 activity and expression values were found to be increased in the HIPPON and DRGN following FF treatment, and these effects were decreased following FF + CR treatment. The FF-induced decrease in cell viability of HIPPO and DRGN, and vitamin E concentration of brain, glutathione peroxidase, vitamin A, and β-carotene values of the HIPPO, DRGN, plasma, liver and kidney were increased by FF + DR treatment, although lipid peroxidation levels in the same samples were decreased. In conclusion, CR reduces FF-induced increase of oxidative stress, apoptosis and Ca2+ entry through TRPV1 in the HIPPON and DRGN. Our findings may be relevant to the etiology and treatment of obesity following CR treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Gültekin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Nazıroğlu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Suleyman Demirel University, TR-32260, Isparta, Turkey.
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Hasan Basri Savaş
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Bilal Çiğ
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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Ahn JH, Noh Y, Shin BN, Kim SS, Park JH, Lee TK, Song M, Kim H, Lee JC, Yong JH, Kang IJ, Lee YL, Won MH, Kim JD. Intermittent fasting increases SOD2 and catalase immunoreactivities in the hippocampus but does not protect from neuronal death following transient ischemia in gerbils. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:4802-4812. [PMID: 30272360 PMCID: PMC6236287 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting has been shown to have neuroprotective effects against transient focal cerebral ischemic insults. However, the effects of intermittent fasting on transient global ischemic insult has not been studied much yet. The present study examined effects of intermittent fasting on endogenous antioxidant enzyme expression levels in the hippocampus and investigated whether the fasting protects neurons 5 days after 5 min of transient global cerebral ischemia. Gerbils were randomly subjected to either ad libitum or alternate-day intermittent fasting for two months and assigned to sham surgery or transient ischemia. Changes of antioxidant enzymes were examined using immunohistochemistry for cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), mitochondrial (SOD2), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). The effects of intermittent fasting on ischemia-induced antioxidant changes, neuronal damage/degeneration and glial activation were examined. The weight of fasting gerbils was not different from that of control gerbils. In controls, SOD1 and GPX immunoreactivities were strong in pyramidal neurons of filed cornu ammonis 1 (CA1). Transient ischemia in controls significantly decreased expressions of SOD1 and GPX in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Intermittent fasting resulted in increased expressions of SOD2 and CAT, not of SOD1 and GPX, in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Nevertheless, CA1 pyramidal neurons were not protected in gerbils subjected to fasting after transient ischemia, and inhibition of glial-cell activation was not observed in the gerbils. In summary, intermittent fasting for two months increased SOD2 and CAT immunoreactivities in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. However, fasting did not protect the CA1 pyramidal neurons from transient cerebral ischemia. The results of the present study indicate that intermittent fasting may increase certain antioxidants, but not protect neurons from transient global ischemic insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoohun Noh
- Famenity Company, Gwacheon, Geyonggi 13837, Republic of Korea
| | - Bich Na Shin
- Danchunok Company, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24210, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Su Kim
- Famenity Company, Gwacheon, Geyonggi 13837, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Minah Song
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hwan Yong
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Dongnam Health University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16238, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Lyul Lee
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Dai Kim
- Division of Food Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Song Y, Du Y, Zou W, Luo Y, Zhang X, Fu J. Involvement of impaired autophagy and mitophagy in Neuro-2a cell damage under hypoxic and/or high-glucose conditions. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3301. [PMID: 29459731 PMCID: PMC5818622 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) plays an insidious role in the development of cognitive impairment. Considerable evidence suggests that Diabetes Mellitus (DM) as a vascular risk factor may exacerbate CCH and is closely related to cognitive decline. Dysregulation of autophagy is known to be associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. To elucidate the role of autophagy in CCH- and/or DM-related pathogenesis, mouse neuroblastoma Neuro-2a cells were exposed to hypoxia and/or high glucose for 48 h, mimicking CCH complicated with DM pathologies. Chronic hypoxia reduced cell proliferation and increased levels of cleaved caspase-3, whereas high glucose had no obvious synergistic toxic effect. Accumulation of autophagic vacuoles under hypoxia may be due to both autophagy impairment and induction, with the former accounting for Neuro-2a cell death. Additionally, aberrant accumulation of mitochondria in Neuro-2a cells may be attributed to insufficient BNIP3-mediated mitophagy due to poor interaction between BNIP3 and LC3-II. Despite the lack of a significant cytotoxic effect of high glucose under our experimental conditions, our data indicated for the first time that impaired autophagy degradation and inefficient BNIP3-mediated mitophagy may constitute mechanisms underlying neuronal cell damage during chronic hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Song
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yu Du
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Wenying Zou
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Jianliang Fu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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27
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Fasting and Fast Food Diet Play an Opposite Role in Mice Brain Aging. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6881-6893. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0891-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Li X, Guo H, Zhao L, Wang B, Liu H, Yue L, Bai H, Jiang H, Gao L, Feng D, Qu Y. Adiponectin attenuates NADPH oxidase-mediated oxidative stress and neuronal damage induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:3265-3276. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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29
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Plaza-Zabala A, Sierra-Torre V, Sierra A. Autophagy and Microglia: Novel Partners in Neurodegeneration and Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E598. [PMID: 28282924 PMCID: PMC5372614 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is emerging as a core regulator of Central Nervous System (CNS) aging and neurodegeneration. In the brain, it has mostly been studied in neurons, where the delivery of toxic molecules and organelles to the lysosome by autophagy is crucial for neuronal health and survival. However, we propose that the (dys)regulation of autophagy in microglia also affects innate immune functions such as phagocytosis and inflammation, which in turn contribute to the pathophysiology of aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we first describe the basic concepts of autophagy and its regulation, discuss key aspects for its accurate monitoring at the experimental level, and summarize the evidence linking autophagy impairment to CNS senescence and disease. We focus on acute, chronic, and autoimmunity-mediated neurodegeneration, including ischemia/stroke, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases, and multiple sclerosis. Next, we describe the actual and potential impact of autophagy on microglial phagocytic and inflammatory function. Thus, we provide evidence of how autophagy may affect microglial phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, amyloid-β, synaptic material, and myelin debris, and regulate the progression of age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. We also discuss data linking autophagy to the regulation of the microglial inflammatory phenotype, which is known to contribute to age-related brain dysfunction. Overall, we update the current knowledge of autophagy and microglia, and highlight as yet unexplored mechanisms whereby autophagy in microglia may contribute to CNS disease and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amanda Sierra
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48170 Zamudio, Spain.
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country EHU/UPV, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
- Ikerbasque Foundation, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
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