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Doulabi EM, Dubois L, Löf L, Sinha TK, Harinck GM, Stålhandske P, Larsson A, Kamali-Moghaddam M. Increased levels of thymidine kinase 1 in malignant cell-derived extracellular vesicles. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 39:101761. [PMID: 39006942 PMCID: PMC11246012 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), whose main subtypes are exosomes, microparticles, and apoptotic bodies, are secreted by all cells and harbor biomolecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins. They function as intercellular messengers and, depending on their cargo, may have multiple roles in cancer development. Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) is a cell cycle-dependent enzyme used as a biomarker for cell proliferation. TK1 is usually elevated in cancer patients' serum, making the enzyme a valuable tumor proliferation biomarker that strongly correlates with cancer stage and metastatic capabilities. Here, we investigated the presence of TK1 in EVs derived from three prostate cancer cell lines with various p53 mutation statuses (LNCaP, PC3, and DU145), EVs from the normal prostate epithelial cell line RWPE-1 and EVs isolated from human seminal fluid (prostasomes). We measured the TK1 activity by a real-time assay for these EVs. We demonstrated that the TK1 enzyme activity is higher in EVs derived from the malignant cell lines, with the highest activity from cells deriving from the most aggressive cancer, compared to the prostasomes and RWPE-1 EVs. The measurement of TK1 activity in EVs may be essential in future prostate cancer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Manouchehri Doulabi
- Department of Immunology, Genetics & Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 08, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Louise Dubois
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liza Löf
- Department of Immunology, Genetics & Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 08, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tanay Kumar Sinha
- Department of Immunology, Genetics & Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 08, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - George Mickhael Harinck
- Department of Immunology, Genetics & Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 08, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Stålhandske
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
- Biovica International AB, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 54B, Uppsala Science Park, SE-752 37, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Masood Kamali-Moghaddam
- Department of Immunology, Genetics & Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 08, Uppsala, Sweden
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Zhu Y, Zerdes I, Matikas A, Cruz IR, Bergqvist M, Elinder E, Bosch A, Lindman H, Einbeigi Z, Andersson A, Carlsson L, Dreifaldt AC, Isaksson-Friman E, Hellstrom M, Johansson H, Wang K, Bergh JCS, Hatschek T, Foukakis T. The role of serum thymidine kinase 1 activity in neoadjuvant-treated HER2-positive breast cancer: biomarker analysis from the Swedish phase II randomized PREDIX HER2 trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024; 204:299-308. [PMID: 38175448 PMCID: PMC10948570 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-07200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) plays a pivotal role in DNA synthesis and cellular proliferation. TK1 has been studied as a prognostic marker and as an early indicator of treatment response in human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)-negative early and metastatic breast cancer (BC). However, the prognostic and predictive value of serial TK1 activity in HER2-positive BC remains unknown. METHODS In the PREDIX HER2 trial, 197 HER2-positive BC patients were randomized to neoadjuvant trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and docetaxel (DPH) or trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), followed by surgery and adjuvant epirubicin and cyclophosphamide. Serum samples were prospectively collected from all participants at multiple timepoints: at baseline, after cycle 1, 2, 4, and 6, at end of adjuvant therapy, annually for a total period of 5 years and/or at the time of recurrence. The associations of sTK1 activity with baseline characteristics, pathologic complete response (pCR), event-free survival (EFS), and disease-free survival (DFS) were evaluated. RESULTS No association was detected between baseline sTK1 levels and all the baseline clinicopathologic characteristics. An increase of TK1 activity from baseline to cycle 2 was seen in all cases. sTK1 level at baseline, after 2 and 4 cycles was not associated with pCR status. After a median follow-up of 58 months, 23 patients had EFS events. There was no significant effect between baseline or cycle 2 sTK1 activity and time to event. A non-significant trend was noted among patents with residual disease (non-pCR) and high sTK1 activity at the end of treatment visit, indicating a potentially worse long-term prognosis. CONCLUSION sTK1 activity increased following neoadjuvant therapy for HER2-positive BC but was not associated with patient outcomes or treatment benefit. However, the post-surgery prognostic value in patients that have not attained pCR warrants further investigation. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02568839. Registered on 6 October 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Zhu
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Vägen A2:07, Solna, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ioannis Zerdes
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Vägen A2:07, Solna, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Breast Center, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexios Matikas
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Vägen A2:07, Solna, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Breast Center, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ivette Raices Cruz
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Ana Bosch
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik Lindman
- Department of Oncology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zakaria Einbeigi
- Department of Oncology, Southern Älvsborg Hospital, Borås, Sweden
| | | | - Lena Carlsson
- Department of Oncology, Sundsvall Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | | | | | - Mats Hellstrom
- Centre for Clinical Cancer Studies, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hemming Johansson
- Centre for Clinical Cancer Studies, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Vägen A2:07, Solna, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas C S Bergh
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Vägen A2:07, Solna, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Breast Center, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Hatschek
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Vägen A2:07, Solna, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Breast Center, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Theodoros Foukakis
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Vägen A2:07, Solna, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Breast Center, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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Kim Y, Park J, Kim B, Yu K, Kim HS, Oh Y, Seo K, Ryu M, Park C, Bhang D, Choi U, Youn H. Serum thymidine kinase 1 protein concentrations and presence of its autoantibody as biomarkers for screening dogs with malignant tumors. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:300-307. [PMID: 38088206 PMCID: PMC10800180 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An accurate and easily accessible method for diagnosing malignancies in local veterinary clinics has not yet been established. OBJECTIVES To investigate the usefulness of serum thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) protein and its autoantibody as tumor biomarkers in dogs. ANIMALS Serum samples from 1702 dogs were collected from local animal hospitals and referral animal medical centers in South Korea. METHODS TK1 protein OD value and TK1 autoantibody ratio (TK1 autoantibody OD/total IgG OD) in serum samples of dogs classified into healthy controls, group with nontumor disease, group with benign and group with malignant tumors were measured using lateral flow immunochromatographic assay methods. RESULTS TK1 autoantibody levels were significantly higher in malignant tumor group (median 0.71) than in healthy controls (median 0.34), group with nontumor disease (median 0.34), and group with benign tumor (median 0.32, Welch t test, P < .0001). They were also significantly different among dogs with carcinomas (median 0.77), hematopoietic tumors (median 0.71), and sarcomas (median 0.56) than in healthy controls (median 0.34, post hoc Games-Howell test, P < .0001). In the receiver operating characteristic curve of TK1 protein, AUC was 0.633 (95% CI: 0.592-0.675, P < .0001). The AUC of TK1 autoantibody ratio was 0.758 (95% CI: 0.723-0.793, P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE TK1 autoantibody is a potentially useful biomarker for differentiating between healthy and tumor-bearing dogs, better than TK1 protein measurement. However, both were inadequate when used as single biomarkers for screening dogs to discover occult malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonhee Kim
- College of Veterinary MedicineJeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong‐roIksan‐siJeollabuk‐doSouth Korea
| | - Jeongjoo Park
- Biattic Inc., #305, 16 Heungan‐daero, Dongan‐guAnyang‐siGyeonggi‐doSouth Korea
| | - Byunggak Kim
- Biattic Inc., #305, 16 Heungan‐daero, Dongan‐guAnyang‐siGyeonggi‐doSouth Korea
| | - Kyung‐Rok Yu
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National University, 1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Hong Sook Kim
- Department of Biological SciencesSungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐guSuwonGyeonggi‐doSouth Korea
| | - Yein Oh
- College of Veterinary MedicineKyungpook National University, 80 Daehak‐ro, Buk‐guDaeguSouth Korea
| | - Kyoungwon Seo
- College of Veterinary MedicineSeoul National University, 1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Minok Ryu
- College of Veterinary MedicineSeoul National University, 1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Chul Park
- College of Veterinary MedicineJeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong‐roIksan‐siJeollabuk‐doSouth Korea
| | - Dongha Bhang
- Biattic Inc., #305, 16 Heungan‐daero, Dongan‐guAnyang‐siGyeonggi‐doSouth Korea
| | - Ulsoo Choi
- College of Veterinary MedicineJeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong‐roIksan‐siJeollabuk‐doSouth Korea
| | - Hwayoung Youn
- College of Veterinary MedicineSeoul National University, 1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoulSouth Korea
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Bitter EE, Skidmore J, Allen CI, Erickson RI, Morris RM, Mortimer T, Meade A, Brog R, Phares T, Townsend M, Pickett BE, O’Neill KL. TK1 expression influences pathogenicity by cell cycle progression, cellular migration, and cellular survival in HCC 1806 breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293128. [PMID: 38033034 PMCID: PMC10688958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosis worldwide accounting for 1 out of every 8 cancer diagnoses. The elevated expression of Thymidine Kinase 1 (TK1) is associated with more aggressive tumor grades, including breast cancer. Recent studies indicate that TK1 may be involved in cancer pathogenesis; however, its direct involvement in breast cancer has not been identified. Here, we evaluate potential pathogenic effects of elevated TK1 expression by comparing HCC 1806 to HCC 1806 TK1-knockdown cancer cells (L133). Transcriptomic profiles of HCC 1806 and L133 cells showed cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and invasion as potential pathogenic pathways affected by TK1 expression. Subsequent in-vitro studies confirmed differences between HCC 1806 and L133 cells in cell cycle phase progression, cell survival, and cell migration. Expression comparison of several factors involved in these pathogenic pathways between HCC 1806 and L133 cells identified p21 and AKT3 transcripts were significantly affected by TK1 expression. Creation of a protein-protein interaction map of TK1 and the pathogenic factors we evaluated predict that the majority of factors evaluated either directly or indirectly interact with TK1. Our findings argue that TK1 elevation directly increases HCC 1806 cell pathogenicity and is likely occurring by p21- and AKT3-mediated mechanisms to promote cell cycle arrest, cellular migration, and cellular survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza E. Bitter
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
- Thunder Biotech Inc., Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Skidmore
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Carolyn I. Allen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Rachel I. Erickson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Rachel M. Morris
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Toni Mortimer
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Audrey Meade
- Thunder Biotech Inc., Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Rachel Brog
- Thunder Biotech Inc., Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Tim Phares
- Thunder Biotech Inc., Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Michelle Townsend
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
- Thunder Biotech Inc., Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Brett E. Pickett
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Kim L. O’Neill
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
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Jiang Y, Guo L, Han L, Li H, Li C, Wen L, Song Y, Wang Z, Wang P, Guo Q, Zhao W, Liu M, Chen J, Wu Z, Yan Y, Xu K, Gu T, Wu X, He K, Su K, Han Y. Thymidine kinase 1 appears to be a marker for the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma based on a large-scale, multicenter study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:14271-14282. [PMID: 37561208 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the role of thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) levels in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prognosis and to develop a nomogram for predicting HCC prognosis. METHOD In this study, 1066 HCC patients were enrolled between August 2018 and April 2022. TK1 levels were measured within one week before enrollment, and the relationship with HCC prognosis was evaluated. Next, all patients were randomly assigned to the training set (70%, n = 746) and the validation set (30%, n = 320). We used multivariate Cox analysis to find independent prognostic factors in the training set to construct a nomogram. The predictive power of the nomogram was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). The optimal critical value of TK1 was determined as 2.35 U/L using X-tile software. RESULT Before and after propensity score matching (PSM), the median overall survival (mOS) of the low-TK1 group (< 2.35 U/L) remained significantly longer than that of the high-TK1 group (≥ 2.35 U/L) (48.1 vs 16.5 months, p < 0.001; 75.7 vs 19.8 months, p = 0.001). Moreover, multivariate Cox analysis showed that the low TK1 level was an independent positive prognostic indicator. Additionally, the area under the ROC curve for predicting the 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year survival rates was 0.770, 0.758, and 0.805, respectively. CONCLUSIONS TK1 could serve as a prognostic marker for HCC. In addition, the nomogram showed good predictive capability for HCC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Lu Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Changlun Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Lianbin Wen
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yanqiong Song
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610042, China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Clinical Skills Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Qulian Guo
- Department of Paediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Wenxi Zhao
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Mengxiang Liu
- School of Humanities and Management, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jiali Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Zhenying Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yushan Yan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Tao Gu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Kun He
- Clinical Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Ke Su
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100000, China.
| | - Yunwei Han
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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Wu M, Ye M. Transcription factor Dp-1 knockdown downregulates thymidine kinase 1 expression to protect against proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cervical cancer. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:301. [PMID: 37715794 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01218-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) level is an independent survival prognostic factor for both premalignant and malignant cervical pathologies. Herein, this study sought to probe the impacts of TK1 on cervical cancer (CC) progression and its underlying mechanism. Transcription factor Dp-1 (TFDP1) and TK1 expression was assessed using qRT-PCR in CC cell lines. After ectopic expression and knockdown experiments, cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assays were adopted to measure cell proliferation, western blot to examine the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins, and Transwell assays to assess cell invasion and migration. The binding of TFDP1 to TK1 was predicted by bioinformatic sites and verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter assays. Tumor xenograft experiments in nude mice were performed to validate the influence of TFDP1/TK1 on CC progression in vivo. CC cells had high TK1 and TFDP1 expression. TFDP1 or TK1 knockdown restrained CC cell EMT, invasion, migration, and proliferation. TFDP1 facilitated TK1 expression in CC via transcription. Overexpression of TK1 counteracted the suppressive impacts of TFDP1 knockdown on CC cell malignant behaviors. Moreover, TFDP1 knockdown depressed CC growth in vivo by downregulating TK1. TFDP1 knockdown restricted proliferation and EMT in CC by downregulating TK1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingji Ye
- Department of Urology Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital, No. 283, Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Liu W, Meng Q, Du C, Sun C, Hou S, Li Y. TK1 is an early screening marker for uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma and promotes its progression. GENE REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2023.101757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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8
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Zhang C, Ma S, Hao X, Wang Z, Sun Z. Methylation status of TK1 correlated with immune infiltrates in prostate cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:899384. [PMID: 36035114 PMCID: PMC9403003 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.899384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TK1 is overexpressed in numerous cancers and is associated with to a poor prognosis. However, the relationship between methylation status of TK1 and Immune Infiltrates in Prostate Cancer (PCa) is unknown. The goal of this study was to use comprehensive bioinformatic analyses to elucidate the involvement relationship between methylation status of TK1 and Immune Infiltrates in PCa. TK1 mRNA expression and methylation data in PCa were investigated via GEPIA, TIMER, and UALCAN coupled with MEXPRESS data resources. We employed the LinkedOmics data resource to determine the signaling cascades linked to TK1 expression. Single-cell analysis was performed using the CancerSEA data resource. GeneMANIA and CancerSEA were used to analyze the correlation between TK1 and TK1 coexpressed genes. In addition, TIMER and TISIDB were adopted to assess tumor-invading immune cells and immunomodulators. CTD was utilized to detect the drugs acting on TK1. This study found that TK1 was overexpressed in PCa, and its contents were linked to tumor stage and prognosis. Genes co-expressed with TK1 were enriched in cascades involved in the ribosome, cell cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, DNA replication, oocyte meiosis, and the proteasome. The expression of TK1 along with its methylation status was found to be linked to tumor-invading immune cells, as well as PCa immunomodulators. We also examined the prospect of employing TK1 as a possible target for PCa therapy. This work provides the clinical value of TK1 hypermethylation in PCa and highlights new insights into its novel immunomodulatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenming Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chenming Zhang, ; Zixue Sun,
| | - Sicheng Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Hao
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zulong Wang
- Andrology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zixue Sun
- Reproductive Medicine Department, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chenming Zhang, ; Zixue Sun,
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9
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Velazquez EJ, Cress JD, Humpherys TB, Mortimer TO, Bellini DM, Skidmore JR, Smith KR, Robison RA, Weber SK, O’Neill KL. Selection of human single domain antibodies (sdAb) against thymidine kinase 1 and their incorporation into sdAb-Fc antibody constructs for potential use in cancer therapy. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264822. [PMID: 35239730 PMCID: PMC8893706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymidine Kinase 1 (TK1) is primarily known as a cancer biomarker with good prognostic capabilities for both hematological and solid malignancies. However, recent studies targeting TK1 at protein and mRNA levels have shown that TK1 may be useful as a therapeutic target. In order to examine the use of TK1 as a therapeutic target, it is necessary to develop therapeutics specific for it. Single domain antibodies (sdAbs), represent an exciting approach for the development of immunotherapeutics due to their cost-effective production and higher tumor penetration than conventional antibodies. In this study, we isolated sdAb fragments specific to human TK1 from a human sdAb library. A total of 400 sdAbs were screened through 5 rounds of selection by monoclonal phage ELISA. The most sensitive sdAb fragments were selected as candidates for preclinical testing. The sdAb fragments showed specificity for human TK1 in phage ELISA, Western blot analysis and had an estimated limit of detection of 3.9 ng/ml for the antibody fragments 4-H-TK1_A1 and 4-H-TK1_D1. The antibody fragments were successfully expressed and used for detection of membrane associated TK1 (mTK1) through flow cytometry on cancer cells [lung (~95%), colon (~87%), breast (~53%)] and healthy human mononuclear cells (MNC). The most sensitive antibody fragments, 4-H-TK1_A1 and 4-H-TK1_D1 were fused to an engineered IgG1 Fc fragment. When added to cancer cells expressing mTK1 co-cultured with human MNCs, the anti-TK1-sdAb-IgG1_A1 and D1 were able to elicit a significant antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) response against lung cancer cells compared to isotype controls (P<0.0267 and P<0.0265, respectively). To our knowledge this is the first time that the isolation and evaluation of human anti-TK1 single domain antibodies using phage display technology has been reported. The antibody fragments isolated here may represent a valuable resource for the detection and the targeting of TK1 on tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin J. Velazquez
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
| | - Jordan D. Cress
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
| | - Tyler B. Humpherys
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
| | - Toni O. Mortimer
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
| | - David M. Bellini
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
| | - Jonathan R. Skidmore
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
| | - Kathryn R. Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
| | - Richard A. Robison
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
| | - Scott K. Weber
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
| | - Kim L. O’Neill
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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Li Y, Li Z, Yang M, Wang F, Zhang Y, Li R, Li Q, Gong Y, Wang B, Fan B, Wang C, Chen L, Li H, Ong J, Teng Z, Jin L, Wang YL, Du P, Jiao J. Decoding the temporal and regional specification of microglia in the developing human brain. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:620-634.e6. [PMID: 35245443 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Region-related heterogeneity and state transitions of microglia are important for brain development and neurological pathogenesis. However, regional specialization and state transition in microglia during early human CNS development remain unclear. Here, we profile single-cell transcriptomes of microglia from distinct regions of the developing human brain, and combined with experimental verification, we define and characterize early microglial fate determinations related to regional specification and state transition. We identified several subclasses of neuronal gene-enriched microglia with regional specification that dynamically and transiently appeared as early brain regions formed. In contrast, immune-related microglia were regionally specialized at later stages of CNS development. Surprisingly, we discovered that region-specialized immune-related microglia exit from a relative resting state and transition into distinct active states. In addition, we experimentally verified the microglial state transition. Finally, we showed that the state transition is conserved but that there are molecular differences in developing microglia in humans and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhongqiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Min Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Feiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuehong Zhang
- Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Beijing, Beijing 101100, China
| | - Rong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yunxia Gong
- Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Beijing, Beijing 101100, China
| | - Binhong Wang
- Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Beijing, Beijing 101100, China
| | - Baoguang Fan
- Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Beijing, Beijing 101100, China
| | - Chunyue Wang
- Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Beijing, Beijing 101100, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Six Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jennie Ong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhaoqian Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/National Health Commission Key Laboratory, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yan-Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Peng Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Jianwei Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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11
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Zhu C, Zhang N, Zhong A, Xiao K, Lu R, Guo L. A combined strategy of TK1, HE4 and CA125 shows better diagnostic performance than risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm (ROMA) in ovarian carcinoma. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 524:43-50. [PMID: 34813778 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dual marker algorithm Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm (ROMA) has been widely used in the clinic for the identification of equivocal pelvic masses in ovarian carcinoma. To obtain higher diagnostic efficiency, we created a new diagnostic index, Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Index (ROMI), by combing thymidine kinase 1 (TK1), HE4 and CA125. METHODS 335 patients with pelvic masses on imaging and 46 healthy controls were enrolled. Serum TK1 was analyzed before further study. ROMI and ROMA were evaluated for diagnostic efficiency. RESULTS The level of TK1 was elevated in malignant ovarian tumors compared to benign masses (p < 0.001) and healthy controls (p < 0.001). TK1 expression was positively correlated with stage, intrapelvic metastasis, lymphatic metastasis and distant metastasis (all p values < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of ROMI was higher than that of ROMA for both pre- and postmenopausal women. ROMI had better sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values than ROMA in diagnosis of all-stage or stage I + II ovarian carcinoma for both pre- and postmenopausal women. CONCLUSIONS TK1 is a potential biomarker in detection of ovarian carcinoma. ROMI shows better diagnostic performance than ROMA in distinguishing malignant ovarian tumors from benign masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Nenghua Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Municipal Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing, China
| | - Ailing Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Kangjia Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Renquan Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Wang L, Unger L, Sharif H, Eriksson S, Gerber V, Rönnberg H. Molecular characterization of equine thymidine kinase 1 and preliminary evaluation of its suitability as a serum biomarker for equine lymphoma. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:59. [PMID: 34906077 PMCID: PMC8670147 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-021-00399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) plays a key role in the synthesis of deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP) and is thus important for DNA replication and cell proliferation. The expression of TK1 is highest during S-phase, and it is rapidly degraded after mitosis. In cancer cells, TK1 is upregulated, resulting in leakage of excess TK1 into the blood. Consequently, serum TK1 has been used as a diagnostic and prognostic cancer biomarker, mainly in human medicine. The aims of this work were to characterize equine TK1 and to evaluate its suitability as a serum biomarker for equine lymphoma. Results Equine TK1 was cloned, expressed in E. coli and affinity purified. The purified recombinant horse TK1 showed broad substrate specificity, phosphorylating pyrimidine deoxyribo- and ribonucleosides and, to some extent, purine deoxynucleosides, including anticancer and antiviral nucleoside analogues. ATP was the preferred phosphate donor. Serum TK1 activity was measured in samples collected from horses with confirmed or suspected lymphoma and control horses with and without concurrent diseases. Serum TK1 activity levels were significantly higher in horses with lymphoma (p < 0.0005) and suspected lymphoma (p < 0.02) and in tumour-free groups with diverse diseases (p < 0.03) than in controls without concurrent diseases. There was a significant difference between the lymphoma group and the tumour-free group with diverse diseases (p < 0.0006). Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed a sensitivity of 0.86, a specificity of 0.95 and an AUC (area under the curve) of 0.92 compared to the controls without concurrent diseases, with a sensitivity of 0.97, a specificity of 0.71 and an AUC of 0.88 when compared with the tumour-free group with diverse diseases. Conclusion Equine TK1 showed high specific activity and broader substrate specificity than human TK1. Anticancer and antiviral thymidine analogues were efficiently phosphorylated by horse TK1, suggesting that these analogues might be good candidates for chemotherapy in horses. Serum TK1 activity was significantly higher in horses with lymphoma than in controls. ROC analysis indicated that serum TK1 could serve as a promising cancer biomarker in horses. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12860-021-00399-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Lucia Unger
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine (ISME), Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, and Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hanan Sharif
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,Alertix Veterinary Diagnostic AB, SE-392 30, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Staffan Eriksson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vinzenz Gerber
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine (ISME), Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, and Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Rönnberg
- Department of Clinical Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Fanelli GN, Scarpitta R, Cinacchi P, Fuochi B, Szumera-Ciećkiewicz A, De Ieso K, Ferrari P, Fontana A, Miccoli M, Naccarato AG, Scatena C. Immunohistochemistry for Thymidine Kinase-1 (TK1): A Potential Tool for the Prognostic Stratification of Breast Cancer Patients. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10225416. [PMID: 34830698 PMCID: PMC8623797 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent non-cutaneous malignancy in women. Histological grade, expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PgR), overexpression/amplification of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) oncogene, and proliferative activity measured with ki-67 provide important information on the biological features of BC and guide treatment choices. However, a biomarker that allows a more accurate prognostic stratification is still lacking. Thymidine kinase-1 (TK1), a ubiquitous enzyme involved in the pyrimidine nucleotide recovery pathway, is a cell-proliferation marker with potential prognostic and predictive impacts in BC. Eighty (80) cases of invasive BC with a long-term follow-up were retrospectively selected, and clinicopathological data were collected for each patient. TK1 tissue expression was evaluated immunohistochemically. Data suggested that TK1 expression levels are positively correlated with ER and PgR expression, and negatively correlated with HER2 status and the impact on patients’ distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS): in detail, among patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy, lower TK1 levels are correlated with better DRFS. Therefore, these results contribute to furthering the knowledge of TK1, suggesting a possible and important role of this enzyme as a biomarker in the stratification of BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Nicolò Fanelli
- Division of Pathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.N.F.); (R.S.); (B.F.); (A.G.N.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Rosa Scarpitta
- Division of Pathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.N.F.); (R.S.); (B.F.); (A.G.N.)
| | - Paola Cinacchi
- Unit of Oncology 1, Department of Medical and Oncological Area, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.C.); (P.F.)
- Unit of Oncology 2, Department of Medical and Oncological Area, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Beatrice Fuochi
- Division of Pathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.N.F.); (R.S.); (B.F.); (A.G.N.)
| | - Anna Szumera-Ciećkiewicz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katia De Ieso
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Paola Ferrari
- Unit of Oncology 1, Department of Medical and Oncological Area, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.C.); (P.F.)
| | - Andrea Fontana
- Unit of Oncology 2, Department of Medical and Oncological Area, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Mario Miccoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Antonio Giuseppe Naccarato
- Division of Pathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.N.F.); (R.S.); (B.F.); (A.G.N.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Cristian Scatena
- Division of Pathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.N.F.); (R.S.); (B.F.); (A.G.N.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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14
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Wang L, Sharif H, Saellström S, Rönnberg H, Eriksson S. Feline thymidine kinase 1: molecular characterization and evaluation of its serum form as a diagnostic biomarker. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:316. [PMID: 34579716 PMCID: PMC8477555 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) catalyzes the initial phosphorylation of thymidine in the salvage pathway synthesis of dTTP, an essential building block of DNA. TK1 is a cytosolic enzyme with its highest level during the S-phase of the cell cycle. In cancer cells TK1 is upregulated and excess TK1 is leaked into the blood. Therefore, serum TK1 has been used as biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis in human medicine. Feline TK1 shows high sequence similarity to TK1 from other species. The aim of this study was to characterize feline TK1 and evaluate if serum TK1 can be used as a diagnostic biomarker. RESULTS Feline TK1 was cloned, expressed and affinity purified. The purified feline TK1 phosphorylated not only pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides but also pyrimidine ribonucleosides and to some extent purine deoxynucleosides. A number of anticancer and antiviral nucleoside analogs also served as substrates with fairly high efficiency. ATP and dATP were the preferred phosphate donor. Serum TK1 activity in felines with malignant diseases was significantly higher than that in healthy individuals. ROC analysis revealed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.98 with a sensitivity of 0.83 and a specificity of 0.95 for felines with lymphoma. Serum TK1 activity in felines with IBD or inflammatory disease was within the same range as healthy ones. Furthermore, in felines with lymphoma serum TK1 activity returned to normal levels in response to treatment. CONCLUSION Feline TK1 has high specific activity and a broader substrate specificity in comparison with TK1 from other species. Serum TK1 activity in felines with malignant diseases is significantly higher than that in normal felines and in felines with inflammatory diseases. These results suggest that serum TK1 may be a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of malignant diseases and for the differential diagnosis of certain inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Hanan Sharif
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,Alertix Veterinary Diagnostic AB, SE-392 30, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Sara Saellström
- University Animal Hospital, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Rönnberg
- Department of Clinical Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Staffan Eriksson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Moore C, Stefanovski D, Luethy D. Clinical performance of a commercially available thymidine kinase 1 assay for diagnosis of lymphoma in 42 hospitalized horses (2017-2020). J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:2495-2499. [PMID: 34359096 PMCID: PMC8478028 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antemortem definitive diagnosis of lymphoma in horses is often difficult. Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) assay is a potentially useful biomarker for lymphoma in horses. Hypothesis/objectives To report the clinical performance of a commercially available TK1 assay for diagnosis of lymphoma in horses. We hypothesized that there would be no association between serum TK1 activity and a diagnosis of lymphoma in horses. Animals Forty‐two hospitalized horses, 14 with a definitive diagnosis of lymphoma, 4 with other neoplasia, and 24 with inflammatory disease. Methods Retrospective medical record review, groups were compared via Kruskal‐Wallis and Mann‐Whitney tests, and logistic regression was performed. Results Median (range) TK1 was 3 U/L (0.4‐17.7 U/L) in horses with lymphoma and 3.9 U/L (0.8‐94 U/L) in horses without lymphoma (P = .59). There was no significant difference in total protein between horses with and without lymphoma (6.6 g/dL [5.5‐8.3 g/dL] vs 6.6 g/dL [4.7‐10.4 g/dL]; P = .83). There was no significant difference in fibrinogen between horses with and without lymphoma (447 [100‐1364] mg/dL vs 433 [291‐2004] mg/dL; P = .47). On logistic regression, serum TK1 activity was not associated with a diagnosis of lymphoma (odds ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.9‐1.05, P = .48). Conclusion and Clinical Importance Serum TK1 values were not predictive of lymphoma diagnosis in this cohort of horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Moore
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Darko Stefanovski
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniela Luethy
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Li JM, Kim S, Zhang Y, Bian F, Hu J, Lu R, Pflugfelder SC, Chen R, Li DQ. Single-Cell Transcriptomics Identifies a Unique Entity and Signature Markers of Transit-Amplifying Cells in Human Corneal Limbus. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:36. [PMID: 34297801 PMCID: PMC8300054 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.9.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Differentiated from adult stem cells (ASCs), transit-amplifying cells (TACs) play an important role in tissue homeostasis, development, and regeneration. This study aimed to characterize the gene expression profile of a candidate TAC population in limbal basal epithelial cells using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Methods Single cells isolated from the basal corneal limbus were subjected to scRNA-seq using the 10x Genomics platform. Cell types were clustered by graph-based visualization methods and unbiased computational analysis. BrdU proliferation assays, immunofluorescent staining, and real-time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed using multiple culture models of primary human limbal epithelial cells to characterize the TAC pool. Results Single-cell transcriptomics of 16,360 limbal basal cells revealed 12 cell clusters. A unique cluster (3.21% of total cells) was identified as a TAC entity, based on its less differentiated progenitor status and enriched exclusive proliferation marker genes, with 98.1% cells in S and G2/M phases. The cell cycle-dependent genes were revealed to be largely enriched by the TAC population. The top genes were characterized morphologically and functionally at protein and mRNA levels. The specific expression patterns of RRM2, TK1, CENPF, NUSAP1, UBE2C, and CDC20 were well correlated in a time- and cycle-dependent manner with proliferation stages in the cell growth and regeneration models. Conclusions For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we have identified a unique TAC entity and uncovered a group of cell cycle-dependent genes that serve as TAC signature markers. The findings provide insight into ASCs and TACs and lay the foundation for understanding corneal homeostasis and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Miao Li
- Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sangbae Kim
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Yun Zhang
- Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Fang Bian
- Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Jiaoyue Hu
- Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Rong Lu
- Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Stephen C Pflugfelder
- Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Rui Chen
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - De-Quan Li
- Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
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Peng H, Xu H, Wu J, Li J, Zhou Y, Ding Z, Siwko SK, Yuan X, Schalinske KL, Alpini G, Zhang KK, Xie L. Maternal high-fat diet disrupted one-carbon metabolism in offspring, contributing to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Int 2021; 41:1305-1319. [PMID: 33529448 PMCID: PMC8137550 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pregnant women may transmit their metabolic phenotypes to their offspring, enhancing the risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS Prior to pregnancy female mice were fed either a maternal normal-fat diet (NF-group, "no effectors"), or a maternal high-fat diet (HF-group, "persistent effectors"), or were transitioned from a HF to a NF diet before pregnancy (H9N-group, "effectors removal"), followed by pregnancy and lactation, and then offspring were fed high-fat diets after weaning. Offspring livers were analysed by functional studies, as well as next-generation sequencing for gene expression profiles and DNA methylation changes. RESULTS The HF, but not the H9N offspring, displayed glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis. The HF offspring also displayed a disruption of lipid homeostasis associated with an altered methionine cycle and abnormal one-carbon metabolism that caused DNA hypermethylation and L-carnitine depletion associated with deactivated AMPK signalling and decreased expression of PPAR-α and genes for fatty acid oxidation. These changes were not present in H9N offspring. In addition, we identified maternal HF diet-induced genes involved in one-carbon metabolism that were associated with DNA methylation modifications in HF offspring. Importantly, the DNA methylation modifications and their associated gene expression changes were reversed in H9N offspring livers. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate for the first time that maternal HF diet disrupted the methionine cycle and one-carbon metabolism in offspring livers which further altered lipid homeostasis. CpG islands of specific genes involved in one-carbon metabolism modified by different maternal diets were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Peng
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huiting Xu
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota,Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX
| | - Jiangyuan Li
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zehuan Ding
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Stefan K. Siwko
- Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kevin L. Schalinske
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Ke K. Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX,Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota,Co-corresponding author: These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Linglin Xie
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,Co-corresponding author: These authors contributed equally to this work
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Relationship between thymidine kinase 1 before radiotherapy and prognosis in breast cancer patients with diabetes. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:222438. [PMID: 32202305 PMCID: PMC7160240 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In a retrospective study design, we explored the relationship between serum thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) concentration before radiotherapy and clinical parameters and evaluated the prognostic value of serum TK1 concentration before radiotherapy in breast cancer patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present study finally consisted of 428 breast cancer patients with a mean age of 53.0 years. Compared with low TK1 group, the high TK1 group tended to have larger tumor size (P=0.011) and had more lymph node number (P=0.021). Significant differences were also observed in clinical stages I, II and III (P=0.000). There was no significant difference between TK1 and other clinical parameters. For disease-free survival (DFS), the univariate analysis indicated that the high TK1 increased the risk of poor prognosis (HR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.64–4.23, P=0.000). The Kaplan–Meier curve indicated the high TK1 group was poorer than that in the low TK1 group (P=0.002). For the overall survival (OS), similar results were found that the high TK1 was related to poor OS (HR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.34–3.67, P=0.000). The multivariate Cox regression indicated that the TK1 was still associated with DFS (HR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.22–3.17, P=0.001) and OS (HR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.19–2.08, P=0.006). The high pretreatment serum TK1 levels in breast cancer patients were associated with poor OS and DFS. TK1 could be a potential predictive factor in differential diagnosis of poor prognosis from all patients.
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Xu Y, Zhang P, Tan Y, Jia Z, Chen G, Niu Y, Xiao J, Sun S, Zhang X. A potential panel of five mRNAs in urinary extracellular vesicles for the detection of bladder cancer. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:809-820. [PMID: 33718082 PMCID: PMC7947455 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have showed promising potential in liquid biopsy of cancer. In present study, we evaluate the feasibility to diagnose bladder cancer using EVs RNA markers identified from public tissue RNA sequencing data. Methods We used urine samples from a cohort of population with suspected bladder cancer. Disease status (i.e., primary or recurrent bladder cancer) was diagnosed by cystoscopy. A prediction model including the expression of multiple RNAs in urinary EVs were developed in training cohort (n=368, 126 bladder cancer and 242 negative controls). The performance of optimal model (ExoPanel) consists of five mRNAs (MYBL2, TK1, UBE2C, KRT7, S100A2) was further assessed by a validation cohort (n=155, 56 bladder cancer and 99 negative controls). Results The performance of ExoPanel in training cohort was AUC 0.7759 (95% CI: 0.7259–0.8260), NPV 90.34% (95% CI: 84.04–94.42%), SN 88.89% (95% CI: 81.75–93.57%), and SP 54.13% (95% CI: 47.63–60.50%) respectively. In the validation cohort, the performance of this model was AUC 0.8402 (95% CI: 0.7690–0.9114), NPV 90.91% (95% CI: 79.29–96.60%), SN 91.07% (95% CI: 79.63–96.67%), and SP 50.51% (95% CI: 40.34–60.63%). Using this model, it is possible to rule out a significant number of non cancer patients, thus reduce the unnecessary operation of cystoscopy. Conclusions We discovered a panel of five mRNAs, and evaluated its potential to facilitate bladder cancer diagnosis by analyzing their expression in urinary EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xu
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yizhou Tan
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Jia
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guangfu Chen
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yinong Niu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengkun Sun
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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20
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Ene CD, Penescu MN, Georgescu SR, Tampa M, Nicolae I. Posttranslational Modifications Pattern in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Metabolites 2020; 11:10. [PMID: 33375435 PMCID: PMC7824589 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications are dynamic enzymatic-mediated processes, regulated in time and space, associated with cancer development. We aimed to evaluate the significance of posttranslational modifications in the pathogenesis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. The authors developed a prospective, observational study during a period of three years and included 55 patients with localized renal cell carcinoma and 30 heathy subjects. Glycosylation, nitration and carbonylation, thiol-disulfide homeostasis, methylation, phosphorylation and proteolytic cleavage were evaluated in the serum of the evaluated subjects in the present study. Our results showed some characteristics for early ccRCC: high production of cytokines, substrate hypersialylation, induced nitrosative and carbonylic stress, arginine hypermethylation, thiol/disulfide homeostasis (TDH) alteration, the regulatory role of soluble receptors (sRAGE, sIL-6R) in RAGE and IL-6 signaling, the modulatory effect of TK-1and TuM2-PK in controlling the level of phosphometabolites in neoplastic cells. These data could be the initial point for development of a panel of biomarkers such as total sialic acid, orosomucoids, nitrotyrosine, carbonylic metabolites, ADMA, SDMA, and thiol-disulfide equilibrium for early diagnosis of ccRCC. Moreover, they could be considered a specific disease PTM signature which underlines the transition from early to advanced stages in this neoplasia, and of a therapeutic target in kidney oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Daniela Ene
- Faculty of General Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.N.P.); (S.R.G.); (M.T.)
- Carol Davila Clinical Hospital of Nephrology, 010731 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea Nicolae Penescu
- Faculty of General Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.N.P.); (S.R.G.); (M.T.)
- Carol Davila Clinical Hospital of Nephrology, 010731 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Roxana Georgescu
- Faculty of General Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.N.P.); (S.R.G.); (M.T.)
- Victor Babes Clinical Hospital of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mircea Tampa
- Faculty of General Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.N.P.); (S.R.G.); (M.T.)
- Victor Babes Clinical Hospital of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ilinca Nicolae
- Victor Babes Clinical Hospital of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania;
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21
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Bitter EE, Townsend MH, Erickson R, Allen C, O'Neill KL. Thymidine kinase 1 through the ages: a comprehensive review. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:138. [PMID: 33292474 PMCID: PMC7694900 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00493-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferation markers, such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Ki-67, and thymidine kinase 1 (TK1), have potential as diagnostic tools and as prognostic factors in assessing cancer treatment and disease progression. TK1 is involved in cellular proliferation through the recovery of the nucleotide thymidine in the DNA salvage pathway. TK1 upregulation has been found to be an early event in cancer development. In addition, serum levels of TK1 have been shown to be tied to cancer stage, so that higher levels of TK1 indicate a more serious prognosis. As a result of these findings and others, TK1 is not only a potentially viable biomarker for cancer recurrence, treatment monitoring, and survival, but is potentially more advantageous than current biomarkers. Compared to other proliferation markers, TK1 levels during S phase more accurately determine the rate of DNA synthesis in actively dividing tumors. Several reviews of TK1 elaborate on various assays that have been developed to measure levels in the serum of cancer patients in clinical settings. In this review, we include a brief history of important TK1 discoveries and findings, a comprehensive overview of TK1 regulation at DNA to protein levels, and recent findings that indicate TK1’s potential role in cancer pathogenesis and its growing potential as a tumor biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza E Bitter
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, 701 E University Pkwy, LSB room 4007, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
| | - Michelle H Townsend
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, 701 E University Pkwy, LSB room 4007, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Rachel Erickson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, 701 E University Pkwy, LSB room 4007, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Carolyn Allen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, 701 E University Pkwy, LSB room 4007, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Kim L O'Neill
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, 701 E University Pkwy, LSB room 4007, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
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Wang Z, Zhang G, Li Z, Li J, Ma H, Hei A, Jiao S, Hu Y, Sun S, Wu L, Zhou J, Wang Y, He E, Skog S. STK1p as a prognostic biomarker for overall survival in non-small-cell lung carcinoma, based on real-world data. Future Sci OA 2020; 7:FSO661. [PMID: 33552542 PMCID: PMC7849927 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2020-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: A prospective investigation of serum thymidine kinase 1 concentration (STK1p) was performed to evaluate its prognostic value in patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLCs). Patients & methods: The STK1p values of 127 patients were determined by an enhanced chemiluminescent dot blot assay. The patients were recruited from March 2011 to December 2017. Results: Kaplan–Meier plot showed that patients with elevated STK1p values had worse overall survival (OS), especially patients of early/middle stages. Multi-variable COX regression showed that STK1p value and combined treatment surgery + chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors for favorable OS. Conclusion: STK1p is helpful in predicting OS of early/middle stages (I–IIIA) NSCLCs patients following a nonrandomized individual adapted treatment, but is may be not recommended in advanced stages (IIIB + IV) of NSCLCs. Lung cancer is one of the most common types of tumors, with a high mortality rate. We investigate if thymidine kinase 1 in serum (STK1p) is a reliable prognostic marker for survival in non-small-cell lung carcinoma. We recruited 127 patients in this study. STK1p level was determined using a high-sensitive chemiluminescent dot blot assay. Patients with elevated STK1p values had worse overall survival, especially patients in the early/middle cancer stages. Analysis showed that STK1p is an independent prognostic factors for overall survival. We concluded that STK1p is helpful predicting the efficacy of treatment in non-small-cell lung carcinoma for those in the early/middle stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Shizi Street 188, Gusu District, Suzhou, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Peking 301 Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhongcheng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Shizi Street 188, Gusu District, Suzhou, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Medicine, Shenzhen SSTK Precision Medicine Institute, A301, Building 1, 1301-76 Guanguang Road, Longhua District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongbo Ma
- Department of Medicine, Shenzhen SSTK Precision Medicine Institute, A301, Building 1, 1301-76 Guanguang Road, Longhua District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ailian Hei
- Department of Medicine, Shenzhen SSTK Precision Medicine Institute, A301, Building 1, 1301-76 Guanguang Road, Longhua District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shunchang Jiao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Shizi Street 188, Gusu District, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Shizi Street 188, Gusu District, Suzhou, China
| | - Shengjie Sun
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Shizi Street 188, Gusu District, Suzhou, China
| | - Liangliang Wu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Shizi Street 188, Gusu District, Suzhou, China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Shenzhen SSTK Precision Medicine Institute, A301, Building 1, 1301-76 Guanguang Road, Longhua District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Health Management Center of PLA 910 Hospital, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Ellen He
- Department of Medicine, Shenzhen SSTK Precision Medicine Institute, A301, Building 1, 1301-76 Guanguang Road, Longhua District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sven Skog
- Department of Medicine, Shenzhen SSTK Precision Medicine Institute, A301, Building 1, 1301-76 Guanguang Road, Longhua District, Shenzhen, China
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23
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Cabel L, Rosenblum D, Lerebours F, Brain E, Loirat D, Bergqvist M, Cottu P, Donnadieu A, Bethune A, Kiavue N, Rodrigues M, Pierga JY, Tanguy ML, Bidard FC. Plasma thymidine kinase 1 activity and outcome of ER+ HER2- metastatic breast cancer patients treated with palbociclib and endocrine therapy. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:98. [PMID: 32928264 PMCID: PMC7489000 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01334-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Previous cohort studies have reported plasma TK1 activity (pTKa) as a potential prognostic biomarker in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) HER2-negative (HER2−) metastatic breast cancer (MBC). In this prospective study, we report here the prognostic impact of pTKa in ER+/HER2− MBC patients treated with endocrine therapy and CDK4/6 inhibitor. Experimental design Patients were included into the prospective, ethics committee-approved ALCINA study (NCT02866149). Eligibility criteria were patients with ER+/HER2− MBC treated at Institut Curie with endocrine therapy and palbociclib. Plasma samples were obtained at baseline and after 4 weeks of treatment. pTKa was quantified by the DiviTum® assay (Biovica, Sweden). Results From May 2016 to August 2018, 103 patients treated with endocrine therapy and palbociclib were included. Patients had received a median of two prior systemic therapies for MBC (range 0–14). Median follow-up was 13.8 months (range 6–31), with median PFS and OS of 9.6 months (95%CI [7.0–11.3]) and 28 months (95%CI [23–not reached]), respectively. Median baseline pTKa was 292 Du/L (range 20–27,312 Du/L, IQR [89–853]). After adjusting for other prognostic factors, baseline pTKa remained an independent prognostic factor for both PFS (HR = 1.3 95%CI [1.1–1.4], p = 0.0005) and OS (HR = 1.3 95%CI [1.2–1.6], p < 0.0001), and 4-week pTKa was associated with OS (HR = 1.6 95%CI [1.3–2], p < 0.0001). That survival prediction was significantly improved by the addition of baseline pTKa to clinicopathological characteristics. Adding pTKa changes at 4 weeks to baseline pTKa did not further increase survival prediction. Conclusion This study demonstrates the clinical validity of pTKa as a new circulating prognostic marker in ER+/HER2− MBC patients treated with endocrine therapy and palbociclib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Cabel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, 92210, Paris, France. .,Circulating Tumor Biomarkers Laboratory, SIRIC2 Institut Curie, Paris, France. .,UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Saint-Cloud, Paris, France.
| | - Dan Rosenblum
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, 92210, Paris, France
| | - Florence Lerebours
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, 92210, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Brain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, 92210, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Loirat
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, 92210, Paris, France
| | | | - Paul Cottu
- Circulating Tumor Biomarkers Laboratory, SIRIC2 Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Anne Donnadieu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, 92210, Paris, France
| | - Anne Bethune
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, 92210, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Kiavue
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, 92210, Paris, France
| | - Manuel Rodrigues
- Circulating Tumor Biomarkers Laboratory, SIRIC2 Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Yves Pierga
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, 92210, Paris, France.,Circulating Tumor Biomarkers Laboratory, SIRIC2 Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure Tanguy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, 92210, Paris, France
| | - François-Clément Bidard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, 92210, Paris, France.,Circulating Tumor Biomarkers Laboratory, SIRIC2 Institut Curie, Paris, France.,UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Saint-Cloud, Paris, France
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24
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Ullrich S, Guigó R. Dynamic changes in intron retention are tightly associated with regulation of splicing factors and proliferative activity during B-cell development. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:1327-1340. [PMID: 31879760 PMCID: PMC7026658 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz1180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intron retention (IR) has been proposed to modulate the delay between transcription and translation. Here, we provide an exhaustive characterization of IR in differentiated white blood cells from both the myeloid and lymphoid lineage where we observed highest levels of IR in monocytes and B-cells, in addition to previously reported granulocytes. During B-cell differentiation, we found an increase in IR from the bone marrow precursors to cells residing in secondary lymphoid organs. B-cells that undergo affinity maturation to become antibody producing plasma cells steadily decrease retention. In general, we found an inverse relationship between global IR levels and both the proliferative state of cells, and the global levels of expression of splicing factors. IR dynamics during B-cell differentiation appear to be conserved between human and mouse, suggesting that IR plays an important biological role, evolutionary conserved, during blood cell differentiation. By correlating the expression of non-core splicing factors with global IR levels, and analyzing RNA binding protein knockdown and eCLIP data, we identify a few splicing factors likely playing an evolutionary conserved role in IR regulation. Our work provides new insights into the role of IR during hematopoiesis, and on the main factors involved in regulating IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ullrich
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Roderic Guigó
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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25
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Dang L, Ma H, Hei A, Xu S, Zhou J, He E, Skog S. A meta-analysis of serological thymidine kinase 1 as a marker for colorectal benign and malignant tumor risk assessment. Mol Clin Oncol 2020; 12:440-450. [PMID: 32257201 PMCID: PMC7087469 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2020.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated whether a concentration of serum thymidine kinase 1 (STK1p) could be used to distinguish between healthy individuals, patients with colorectal benign tumors and individuals with colorectal cancer (CRC). The effectiveness of surgery on patients with CRC was monitored. A total of 20 publications containing patients with CRC (n=1,836), patients with colorectal benign tumors (n=774) and healthy controls (n=1,701) were analysed in the present meta-analysis. The publications were collected from PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and SinoMed databases from January 1, 2009 until August 31, 2019. Articles were analyzed according to sensitivity (Forest plot) and publication bias (Begg's plot, Egger's linear regression) using fixed or random effect models to calculate the weighted mean difference. Study quality was checked using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale Document Quality Assessment Scale. The meta-analysis followed the PRISMA statement. The results revealed that STK1p significantly distinguished healthy individuals and those with colorectal benign tumors from patients with CRC, and from patients with benign tumors (P<0.000001). STK1p levels also decreased by 40% following surgery (P<0.0001), which corresponded to half-life of ~1 month. The quality of the present study was high and no bias was identified among publication. It was concluded that STK1p was a reliable biomarker for the early detection of benign lesions, which may therefore prevent their future development into colorectal malignancies. STK1p may also be used for the clinical dynamic monitoring of the effectiveness of surgery in patients with CRC. Combining STK1p with colorectal-associated biomarkers, in addition to the determination of tumor stage and grade may therefore be of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Dang
- Department of Medicine, Shenzhen Sino-Swed Precision Medicine Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Ma
- Department of Medicine, Shenzhen Sino-Swed Precision Medicine Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China
| | - Ailian Hei
- Department of Medicine, Shenzhen Sino-Swed Precision Medicine Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Xu
- Department of Medicine, Shenzhen Sino-Swed Precision Medicine Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Shenzhen Sino-Swed Precision Medicine Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China
| | - Ellen He
- Department of Medicine, Shenzhen Sino-Swed Precision Medicine Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China
| | - Sven Skog
- Department of Medicine, Shenzhen Sino-Swed Precision Medicine Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China
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Liu C, Wang J, Zhao L, He H, Zhao P, Peng Z, Liu F, Chen J, Wu W, Wang G, Dong F. Knockdown of Thymidine Kinase 1 Suppresses Cell Proliferation, Invasion, Migration, and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Thyroid Carcinoma Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1475. [PMID: 32064235 PMCID: PMC7000458 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with advanced thyroid carcinoma have poor prognosis with low overall survival. Unfortunately, the underlying mechanisms of thyroid carcinoma progression remain unclear. The elevated expression of thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) has been implicated in the progression of thyroid carcinoma, while the role of TK1 in thyroid carcinoma progression has not been explored. The present study aimed to determine the role TK1 in the progression of thyroid cancer and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, it was found that serum TK1 levels were markedly increased in the patients with thyroid nodules. Further online data mining showed that TK1 expression was upregulated in thyroid carcinoma tissues, and higher expression of TK1 was correlated with shorter disease-free survival of patients with thyroid carcinoma. Silencing of TK1 suppressed cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and also induced cell apoptosis in the thyroid carcinoma cell lines. Animal studies showed that TK1 knockdown inhibited in vivo tumor growth of thyroid carcinoma cells. Importantly, miR-34a-5p was found to be downregulated in the thyroid carcinoma cells. Furthermore, miR-34a-5p targeted the 3′ untranslated region of TK1 and suppressed the expression of TK1 in thyroid carcinoma cell lines. In summary, first, these results demonstrated the upregulation of TK1 in thyroid nodules and thyroid carcinoma tissues; second, TK1 promoted thyroid carcinoma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration; lastly, TK1 was negatively regulated by miR-34a-5p. Our study may provide novel insights into the role of TK1 in regulating thyroid carcinoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.,Central Lab, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Health Management, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Health Management, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pan Zhao
- Clinical Medical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zheng Peng
- Clinical Medical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feiyuan Liu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Shenzhen Shekou People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiqing Wu
- Department of Health Management, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guangsuo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fajin Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
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Ibe T, Hamamoto Y, Takabatake M, Kamoshida S. Development of pyogenic granuloma with strong vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 expression during ramucirumab treatment. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:e231464. [PMID: 31776151 PMCID: PMC6887457 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-231464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The angiogenesis inhibitor ramucirumab (IMC-1121B) is a fully humanised IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting the extracellular domain of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2. Ramucirumab has been approved as a second-line treatment for lung cancer. Pyogenic granuloma is an acquired, benign vascular tumour of the skin or mucous membrane. We encountered a patient with pyogenic granuloma who was treated with ramucirumab. The patient was a 48-year-old Japanese woman with advanced lung cancer who had been heavily pretreated using several lines of chemotherapy. Ramucirumab was administered as the fifth-line treatment with docetaxel. After 10 days, a painless rice-coloured or pink papule appeared on her finger. One month later, it increased in size to 20 mm. We examined the pathological condition by immunostaining using the resected specimen diagnosed as pyogenic granuloma. Paradoxically, this vascular tumour arose during the administration of an angiogenesis inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Ibe
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, National Hospital Organization Nishisaitama-Chuo National Hospital, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Hamamoto
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, National Hospital Organization Nishisaitama-Chuo National Hospital, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Mikage Takabatake
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Faculty of Health Sciences and Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shingo Kamoshida
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Faculty of Health Sciences and Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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28
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Yogev O, Almeida GS, Barker KT, George SL, Kwok C, Campbell J, Zarowiecki M, Kleftogiannis D, Smith LM, Hallsworth A, Berry P, Möcklinghoff T, Webber HT, Danielson LS, Buttery B, Calton EA, da Costa BM, Poon E, Jamin Y, Lise S, Veal GJ, Sebire N, Robinson SP, Anderson J, Chesler L. In Vivo Modeling of Chemoresistant Neuroblastoma Provides New Insights into Chemorefractory Disease and Metastasis. Cancer Res 2019; 79:5382-5393. [PMID: 31405846 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a pediatric cancer that is frequently metastatic and resistant to conventional treatment. In part, a lack of natively metastatic, chemoresistant in vivo models has limited our insight into the development of aggressive disease. The Th-MYCN genetically engineered mouse model develops rapidly progressive chemosensitive neuroblastoma and lacks clinically relevant metastases. To study tumor progression in a context more reflective of clinical therapy, we delivered multicycle treatment with cyclophosphamide to Th-MYCN mice, individualizing therapy using MRI, to generate the Th-MYCN CPM32 model. These mice developed chemoresistance and spontaneous bone marrow metastases. Tumors exhibited an altered immune microenvironment with increased stroma and tumor-associated fibroblasts. Analysis of copy number aberrations revealed genomic changes characteristic of human MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma, specifically copy number gains at mouse chromosome 11, syntenic with gains on human chromosome 17q. RNA sequencing revealed enriched expression of genes associated with 17q gain and upregulation of genes associated with high-risk neuroblastoma, such as the cell-cycle regulator cyclin B1-interacting protein 1 (Ccnb1ip1) and thymidine kinase (TK1). The antiapoptotic, prometastatic JAK-STAT3 pathway was activated in chemoresistant tumors, and treatment with the JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor CYT387 reduced progression of chemoresistant tumors and increased survival. Our results highlight that under treatment conditions that mimic chemotherapy in human patients, Th-MYCN mice develop genomic, microenvironmental, and clinical features reminiscent of human chemorefractory disease. The Th-MYCN CPM32 model therefore is a useful tool to dissect in detail mechanisms that drive metastasis and chemoresistance, and highlights dysregulation of signaling pathways such as JAK-STAT3 that could be targeted to improve treatment of aggressive disease. SIGNIFICANCE: An in vivo mouse model of high-risk treatment-resistant neuroblastoma exhibits changes in the tumor microenvironment, widespread metastases, and sensitivity to JAK1/2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orli Yogev
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gilberto S Almeida
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen T Barker
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sally L George
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Kwok
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Campbell
- CRUK-center Informatics Facility, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Magdalena Zarowiecki
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- CRUK-center Informatics Facility, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Laura M Smith
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Albert Hallsworth
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Berry
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Till Möcklinghoff
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah T Webber
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura S Danielson
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bliss Buttery
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A Calton
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara M da Costa
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evon Poon
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yann Jamin
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Lise
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth J Veal
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Sebire
- Paediatric and Development Pathology, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon P Robinson
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Anderson
- Cancer Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louis Chesler
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.
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29
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ELP3 Acetyltransferase is phosphorylated and regulated by the oncogenic anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). Biochem J 2019; 476:2239-2254. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractProtein lysine acetylation is one of the major posttranslational modifications (PTMs) with several thousands of proteins identified to be acetylated in mammalian tissues. Mechanistic studies have revealed important functions of acetylation in the regulation of protein function. Much less is known on how the acetyltransferases themselves are regulated. In the current study, we discover that the Elongator protein 3 (ELP3) acetyltransferase is modified by tyrosine phosphorylation. We demonstrate that the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is the major tyrosine kinase responsible for ELP3 tyrosine phosphorylation. ELP3 is phosphorylated in tumor cells expressing oncogenic NPM–ALK fusion protein. We further identify Tyr202 as the major ALK phosphorylation site in ELP3. Importantly, the introduction of Y202 phosphorylation mutant ELP3 into ALK-positive tumor cells reduced cell growth and impaired gene expression. Collectively, our study reveals a novel regulatory mechanism for ELP3, provides an example that acetyltransferase itself can be regulated by PTM, and suggests a potential target for ALK-positive cancer therapies.
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30
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Song ZY, Chao F, Zhuo Z, Ma Z, Li W, Chen G. Identification of hub genes in prostate cancer using robust rank aggregation and weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:4736-4756. [PMID: 31306099 PMCID: PMC6660050 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenic mechanisms of prostate cancer (PCa) remain to be defined. In this study, we utilized the Robust Rank Aggregation (RRA) method to integrate 10 eligible PCa microarray datasets from the GEO and identified a set of significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between tumor samples and normal, matched specimens. To explore potential associations between gene sets and PCa clinical features and to identify hub genes, we utilized WGCNA to construct gene co-expression networks incorporating the DEGs screened with the use of RRA. From the key module, we selected LMNB1, TK1, ZWINT, and RACGAP1 for validation. We found that these genes were up-regulated in PCa samples, and higher expression levels were associated with higher Gleason scores and tumor grades. Moreover, ROC and K-M plots indicated these genes had good diagnostic and prognostic value for PCa. On the other hand, methylation analyses suggested that the abnormal up-regulation of these four genes likely resulted from hypomethylation, while GSEA and GSVA for single hub gene revealed they all had a close association with proliferation of PCa cells. These findings provide new insight into PCa pathogenesis, and identify LMNB1, TK1, RACGAP1 and ZWINT as candidate biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-yu Song
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Chao
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhuo
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzhi Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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31
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Tian T, Li J, Hu W, Sun C, Zhou J. Thymidine kinase 1 concentration in pleural effusion is a diagnostic marker and survival predictor for malignant pleural effusion. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 33:e22901. [PMID: 30985967 PMCID: PMC6642290 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) is a key enzyme in the pyrimidine salvage pathway. Increased TK1 concentration correlates with cell division. TK1 is an emerging biomarker in cancer diagnosis; however, its effectiveness in diagnosis and management for malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is unclear. We evaluated the diagnostic efficiency and prognostic value of pleural effusion TK1 (pTK1) concentration for MPE. Methods From 2013 to 2017, 210 pleural effusion samples were collected from 160 patients diagnosed with MPE and 50 patients diagnosed with benign pleural effusion (BPE). TK1 concentrations in pleural effusion were measured by chemiluminescence dot blot assays. The median follow‐up was 12 months. We constructed a receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve to find the optimal cutoff value for MPE diagnosis. The hazard ratios were estimated using a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model. A nomogram was drawn to illustrate the prognostic characteristics of MPE. Results The TK1 concentration in pleural effusion was significantly higher in MPE than BPE (P < 0.001), and patients with MPE could be distinguished by an optimal cutoff value of 3.10 pmol/L with a sensitivity of 0.894 and a specificity of 0.800. The multivariate analysis suggested that pTK1 concentration was an independent predictor of survival in patients with MPE. Conclusions The diagnostic and prognostic prediction of MPE may be improved by measuring pTK1 concentration and utilizing a multivariate nomogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fuyang People's Hospital, Fuyang, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenjun Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fuyang People's Hospital, Fuyang, China
| | - Cuiling Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fuyang People's Hospital, Fuyang, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fuyang People's Hospital, Fuyang, China
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32
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Wang Y, Jiang X, Wang S, Yu H, Zhang T, Xu S, Li W, He E, Skog S. Serological TK1 predict pre-cancer in routine health screenings of 56,178 people. Cancer Biomark 2018; 22:237-247. [PMID: 29689706 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with biomarkers above cut-off values normally have higher risk to develop pre-malignancies and malignancies. OBJECTIVE Here we investigate if serological TK1 protein (STK1p), AFP, CEA and PSA below cut-off values predict development of pre-cancer. METHODS The mean values and the concentration distribution of STK1p, AFP, CEA and PSA were determined in a cohort of 56,178 persons participating a health screening group, consist of people with non-tumor diseases, pre-malignancy and diseases associated with the risk process of malignancy. A health disease-free group (n= 428) was selected among the 56,178 participants and used as controls. RESULTS The STK1p below cut-off value (⩽ 2 pM) showed partly (51.6%) an almost normal concentration distribution and partly (43.9%) an extensive tail in the health screening group, which was not found in the disease-free group. Due to the extensive tail in the distribution, the mean value of STK1p increased significantly (p= 0.0001) from 0.38 ± 0.30 pM in the health disease-free group to 0.69 ± 0.55 pM in the group below the cut-off value. No significantly differences in the concentration distribution and the mean values among gender and ages were observed. On the other hand, there were no difference in the concentration distributions and the mean values of AFP, CEA and PSA between the health disease - free group and the group below cut-off values, as well as between gender and ages. Of interest, the elevated mean value of STK1p of the group below the cut-off value was correlated to pre-malignancy and diseases associated with the risk process of malignancy in liver and prostate. No such correlations were found with AFP, CEA and PSA. CONCLUSION STK1p is a potential proliferating biomarker for early discover of persons in the risk to develop or already have pre-malignancies or diseases associated with the risk process of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Health Management Center, PLA 180 Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.,Health Management Center, PLA 180 Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaorong Jiang
- Health Management Center, PLA 180 Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.,Health Management Center, PLA 180 Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Department of Disease Prevention and Control, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Haixia Yu
- Health Management Center, PLA 180 Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Health Management Center, PLA 180 Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shuan Xu
- Sino-Swed Molecular Bio-Medicine Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenlong Li
- Sino-Swed Molecular Bio-Medicine Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ellen He
- Sino-Swed Molecular Bio-Medicine Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Sven Skog
- Sino-Swed Molecular Bio-Medicine Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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33
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Li S, Zhou J, Wang Y, Zhang K, Yang J, Zhang X, Wang C, Ma H, Zhou J, He E, Skog S. Serum thymidine kinase 1 is associated with Gleason score of patients with prostate carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6171-6180. [PMID: 30333882 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present was to assess whether serum thymidine kinase 1 (STK1) concentration is a useful biomarker for the screening of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or prostate malignancy. Serum samples were collected from 123 patients with prostate carcinoma prior to surgery, biopsy or androgen deprivation therapy and at 3, 6 and 10 months following the procedure. A total of 205 patients with BPH and 266 healthy controls were also utilized. STK1 concentration and total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were measured in patient serum by use of commercial assays. The pathological specimens (obtained from surgery or biopsy) were assessed according to Gleason scores (GS). STK1 concentration and total PSA were significantly higher in patients with prostate carcinoma compared with patients with BPH and healthy individuals. Furthermore, STK1 concentration was associated with Gleason score, while total PSA was not. However, no association was identified between STK1 concentration and total serum PSA. A receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed on STK1 concentrations among patients with prostate carcinoma. The results demonstrated that the sensitivity and specificity were high, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.97. Although the sensitivity and specificity of total PSA were also high, the AUC value was relatively low (0.74). The results indicated that STK1 concentration is a more reliable prognostic biomarker than total PSA in respect to the GS system. Additionally, since STK1 concentration is associated with Gleason score, the use of biopsies to determine Gleason score may be replaced to some extent by the STK1 concentration test, thus reducing the discomfort of patients from which biopsies are obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Li
- Department of Nephrology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Radioimmunity Center, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xian, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Health Management Center, People's Liberation Army 180 Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Keqin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Yang
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Xinling Zhang
- Radioimmunity Center, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xian, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Radioimmunity Center, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xian, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Ma
- Department of Medicine, Sino-Swed Molecular Bio-Medicine Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Sino-Swed Molecular Bio-Medicine Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China
| | - Ellen He
- Department of Medicine, Sino-Swed Molecular Bio-Medicine Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China
| | - Sven Skog
- Department of Medicine, Sino-Swed Molecular Bio-Medicine Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China
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Fiala O, Hosek P, Sorejs O, Liska V, Buchler T, Poprach A, Kucera R, Topolcan O, Sedivcova M, Finek J. The Association of Baseline Serum Tumour Markers with Outcome of Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated with Anti-EGFR Monoclonal Antibodies in the First Line. J Cancer 2018; 9:4255-4262. [PMID: 30519327 PMCID: PMC6277611 DOI: 10.7150/jca.26217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The measurement of serum tumour markers is a simple and non-invasive method for assessing the response to systemic therapies in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and estimation of prognosis. The aim of our retrospective study was to evaluate the association of baseline serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), thymidine kinase (TK) and tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPS) with outcome of patients with mCRC treated with combination of chemotherapy and monoclonal antibodies against epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR mAbs) in the first line. In our study, the cohort included 102 patients treated with therapy based on anti-EGFR mAbs between years 2011 and 2017 at Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical School and University Hospital in Pilsen, Czech Republic. Serum samples were collected within one month before the initiation of treatment. In multivariate Cox analysis that included serum tumour markers and clinical baseline parameters show that high baseline serum CA 19-9 was significantly associated with worse progression-free survival (HR=1.871, p=0.0330) and also overall survival (HR=3.903, p=0.0006). We have not demonstrated association of baseline levels of CEA, TK and TPS with patients' outcome. CA 19-9 is commonly used serum tumour marker which is simple and readily available and its candidate prognostic importance in the setting of anti-EGFR therapy deserves to be studied in prospective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Fiala
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical School and University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hosek
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Sorejs
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical School and University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Liska
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Czech Republic.,Department of Surgery, Medical School and University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Buchler
- Department of Oncology and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandr Poprach
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute and Masaryk University, Zluty kopec 543/7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Kucera
- Department of Immunochemistry, Medical School and University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Topolcan
- Department of Immunochemistry, Medical School and University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Sedivcova
- Bioptic Laboratory, Ltd., Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jindrich Finek
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical School and University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Czech Republic
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Serum 8-Oxo-dG as a Predictor of Sensitivity and Outcome of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Tumours. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4153574. [PMID: 29951164 PMCID: PMC5989165 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4153574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The level of oxidative stress is important in the initiation and progression of various age-related diseases, such as cancer. The level of oxidative stress may also play a significant role in cancer patients' response to treatment. We aimed to investigate whether serum 8-oxo-dG as a marker of oxidative stress is a predictor of tumour response. We used modified ELISA with a two-step filtration to analyse 8-oxo-dG in serum. The relationship between 8-oxo-dG levels, tumour response, and toxicity was studied in 19 oesophageal cancer patients who received radiotherapy and 16 gastric cancer patients who received chemotherapy. In the radiotherapy and the merged radio- and chemotherapy groups, the baseline levels of 8-oxo-dG were significantly lower in responder patients than in nonresponder patients and the increments after treatment were greater. In comparison with patients whose serum 8-oxo-dG levels decrease after treatment, patients with increasing levels had a longer median “progression-free survival.” Our results, although preliminary, suggest that serum levels of 8-oxo-dG may potentially be used to predict the sensitivity and outcome of radiotherapy and chemotherapy of upper gastrointestinal tumours. Patients with 8-oxo-dG levels that are low prior to treatment and subsequently increase after treatment may be more likely to benefit from the therapy.
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36
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Zhu X, Wang X, Chen X. The diagnostic value of serum microRNA-183 and TK1 as biomarkers for colorectal cancer diagnosis. Open Life Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/biol-2017-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the serum levels of microRNA-183 (miR-183) and thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) in colorectal cancer patients and their clinical value as biomarkers for colorectal cancer auxiliary diagnosis.MethodsForty-six pathology confirmed colorectal cancer patients and 46 healthy controls were included in this study. The serum levels of miR-183 and TK1 in colorectal cancer patients and healthy controls were examined by real-time PCR and chemiluminescence detection assay respectively. The diagnostic value of serum miR-183 and TK1 as tumor biomarkers for colorectal cancer detection was evaluated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.ResultsThe median serum relative expression of miR-183 was 1.33 (0.34-5.65) and 0.88 (0.26-4.67) in colorectal cancer patients and healthy controls respectively with significant statistical difference (p<0.05). Using serum miR-183 as the diagnostic reference, the colorectal cancer diagnosis sensitivity, specificity and AUC was 65.22%, 63.04% and 0.69 respectively. The median serum level of TK1 was 3.33 (0.78-5.78) pmol/L and 0.99 (0.34-4.46) pmol/L in colorectal cancer patients and healthy controls respectively with significant statistical difference (p<0.05). The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and AUC was 84.78%, 78.26% and 0.88 respectively forserum TK1 as reference for colorectal diagnosis. The pearson correlation test was used to evaluate the serum miR-183 and TK1 correlation in colorectal cancer patients. However, no significant correlation between serum miR-183 and TK1 was found in colorectal patients (p>0.05).ConclusionSerum levels of miR-183 and TK1 arepotential biomarkers for colorectal cancer auxiliary diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Cixi People’s Hospital, Zhejiang Province315300China
| | - Xiongtie Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Cixi People’s Hospital, Zhejiang Province315300China
| | - Xihua Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Cixi People’s Hospital, Zhejiang Province315300China
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Irwin CR, Hitt MM, Evans DH. Targeting Nucleotide Biosynthesis: A Strategy for Improving the Oncolytic Potential of DNA Viruses. Front Oncol 2017; 7:229. [PMID: 29018771 PMCID: PMC5622948 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid growth of tumors depends upon elevated levels of dNTPs, and while dNTP concentrations are tightly regulated in normal cells, this control is often lost in transformed cells. This feature of cancer cells has been used to advantage to develop oncolytic DNA viruses. DNA viruses employ many different mechanisms to increase dNTP levels in infected cells, because the low concentration of dNTPs found in non-cycling cells can inhibit virus replication. By disrupting the virus-encoded gene(s) that normally promote dNTP biosynthesis, one can assemble oncolytic versions of these agents that replicate selectively in cancer cells. This review covers the pathways involved in dNTP production, how they are dysregulated in cancer cells, and the various approaches that have been used to exploit this biology to improve the tumor specificity of oncolytic viruses. In particular, we compare and contrast the ways that the different types of oncolytic virus candidates can directly modulate these processes. We limit our review to the large DNA viruses that naturally encode homologs of the cellular enzymes that catalyze dNTP biogenesis. Lastly, we consider how this knowledge might guide future development of oncolytic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad R Irwin
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mary M Hitt
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - David H Evans
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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38
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Lou X, Zhou J, Ma H, Xu S, He E, Skog S, Wang H. The Half-Life of Serum Thymidine Kinase 1 Concentration Is an Important Tool for Monitoring Surgical Response in Patients with Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2017; 21:471-478. [PMID: 28817340 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2017.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS In this meta-analysis, we evaluated the usefulness of serum thymidine kinase 1 concentration (STK1c) for monitoring the outcome of extensive open surgery in patients with lung cancer. We also compared STK1c between a healthy population and patients with benign and malignant lung tumors to assess its potential value for early detection of lung cancer and for distinguishing between benign lung disease and malignant cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Related studies were retrieved from publications in PubMed, Cochrane, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang databases, and Internet searches. Correlation was evaluated using weighted mean difference. Fixed or random effect models were selected for data analyses based on heterogeneity tested with the chi-square test. Publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot and Egger's test. RESULTS Twenty studies were selected for analysis, which showed that STK1c was significantly (p < 0.00001) reduced by 41.7% 1 month after extensive open surgery, approximately corresponding to an STK1c half-life of 1 month. STK1c levels were significantly higher in lung cancer patients than in healthy persons (p < 0.00001) or in patients with benign lung disease (p < 0.00001). There was also a significant difference in STK1c between patients with benign and malignant lung disease (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The half-life of STK1c may be an important tool in the clinical evaluation of surgical response in patients with lung cancer. STK1c may also be beneficial in the early detection of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudan Lou
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Zhou
- 2 Sino-Swed TongKang Bio-Tech, Inc. , Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongbo Ma
- 3 Department of Molecular Medicine and Cell Biology, Sino-Swed Molecular Bio-Medicine Research Institute , Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Xu
- 3 Department of Molecular Medicine and Cell Biology, Sino-Swed Molecular Bio-Medicine Research Institute , Shanghai, China
| | - Ellen He
- 3 Department of Molecular Medicine and Cell Biology, Sino-Swed Molecular Bio-Medicine Research Institute , Shanghai, China
| | - Sven Skog
- 3 Department of Molecular Medicine and Cell Biology, Sino-Swed Molecular Bio-Medicine Research Institute , Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Wang
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University , Shanghai, China .,3 Department of Molecular Medicine and Cell Biology, Sino-Swed Molecular Bio-Medicine Research Institute , Shanghai, China
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Weagel EG, Meng W, Townsend MH, Velazquez EJ, Brog RA, Boyer MW, Weber KS, Robison RA, O'Neill KL. Biomarker analysis and clinical relevance of TK1 on the cell membrane of Burkitt's lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:4355-4367. [PMID: 28919785 PMCID: PMC5593407 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s141239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
TK1 is an enzyme involved in DNA synthesis and repair. TK1 is usually found elevated in cancer patients’ serum, which makes it a useful tumor proliferation biomarker that strongly correlates with cancer stage, metastatic capabilities, and recurrence risk. In this study, we show that TK1 is upregulated and localizes on the plasma membrane of Burkitt’s lymphoma, acute promyelocytic leukemia, T cell leukemia, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Using flow cytometry, we confirmed that TK1 localizes on the surface of Raji, HL60, and Jurkat cell lines and on ALL clinical samples. Using fluorescent microscopy, we found a strong association of TK1 with the plasma membrane in Raji, HL60, and Jurkat cell lines. These findings were also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Our study also shows that this phenomenon does not occur on normal resting or proliferating lymphocytes. In addition, we show that membrane TK1 is found in all oligomeric forms ranging from monomer to tetramer and exhibits enzymatic activity. These findings suggest TK1 as a possible target for immunotherapy with the potential to be utilized in the treatment of hematological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evita G Weagel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo
| | - Michelle H Townsend
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo
| | - Edwin J Velazquez
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo
| | - Rachel A Brog
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo
| | - Michael W Boyer
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - K Scott Weber
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo
| | - Richard A Robison
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo
| | - Kim L O'Neill
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo
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Grobman M, Outi H, Rindt H, Reinero C. Serum Thymidine Kinase 1, Canine-C-Reactive Protein, Haptoglobin, and Vitamin D Concentrations in Dogs with Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia, Thrombocytopenia, and Polyarthropathy. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:1430-1440. [PMID: 28804921 PMCID: PMC5598893 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Relapses of immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA), thrombocytopenia (ITP), or polyarthropathy (IMPA) occur despite normal hematologic and cytologic parameters. Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1), canine C‐reactive protein (c‐CRP), haptoglobin (HPT), and 25‐Hydroxyvitamin‐D (25(OH)D) might be adjunct to current monitoring strategies. Hypothesis/Objectives Compare serum concentrations of TK1, c‐CRP, HPT, and 25(OH)D in dogs with well‐ and poorly controlled primary IMHA, ITP, or IMPA. Animals Thirty‐eight client‐owned dogs. Methods Prospective descriptive study. Dogs diagnosed with IMHA, ITP, or IMPA had serum biomarker concentrations measured commercially. Disease control was assessed by hematocrit/PCV and reticulocyte count, platelet count, and synovial fluid cytology for IMHA, ITP, and IMPA, respectively. Statistical analysis performed by Mann‐Whitney rank‐sum tests and receiver operating characteristic curves. Results TK1 and c‐CRP, but not HPT significantly decreased with well‐ versus poorly controlled IMHA (P = 0.047, P = 0.028, P = 0.37). C‐CRP, but not TK or HPT was significantly lower with well‐ versus poorly controlled IMPA (P = 0.05, P = 0.28, P = 0.84). Sensitivity and specificity of TK and c‐CRP (simultaneously) for detecting dogs with poorly controlled IMHA were 88 and 100%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of c‐CRP for detecting poorly controlled dogs with IMPA were 13 and 100%, respectively. 92% of dogs were vitamin D insufficient (<100 ng/mL) regardless of disease control. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Combining TK1 and c‐CRP might act markers of disease control in dogs with IMHA. Canine‐CRP cannot be recommended as an independent marker of disease control in IMPA. 25(OH)D insufficiency in immune‐mediated disorders might benefit from further study to determine if supplementation could improve therapeutic response or reduce disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Grobman
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO
| | - H Outi
- Centro Veterinário Oswaldo Cruz, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - H Rindt
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO
| | - C Reinero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO
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Abstract
目的 探讨血清胸苷激酶1(thymidine kinase 1, TK1)在肝癌患者中的表达水平、对肝癌诊断价值及其对预后的指导意义.
方法 采用免疫印迹增强化学发光法检测77例肝癌患者(肝癌组)、41例肝硬化患者(肝硬化组)和47例健康对照者(对照组)血清TK1水平, 对肝癌组患者随访观察2年, 以死亡为终点事件. 非正态分布的计量资料, 采用中位数和四分位数间距表示, 各组间比较采用非参数检验的Kruskal Wallis检验. 通过ROC曲线和ROC曲线下面积(area under curve, AUC)评价TK1对肝癌的诊断价值. 采用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析, Log Rank法进行差异性检验, 以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义.
结果 肝癌组患者血清TK1水平为1.85(0.94-3.755)pmol/L, 较肝硬化组的血清TK1水平0.90(0.56-3.13)pmol/L和对照组的血清TK1水平0.72(0.49-1.07)pmol/L明显升高(P<0.05), 肝硬化组和对照组之间TK1水平无差别. 血清TK1对肝癌有诊断价值, AUC为0.739(P<0.05), 诊断界值为1.105, 敏感性为0.714, 特异性为0.693. 血清TK1的水平和患者年龄、谷草转氨酶(aspartate transaminase, AST)、肝功能分级、BCLC分期、血管侵犯、肿瘤大小、肿瘤个数呈正相关(P<0.05). 血清TK1水平在BCLC分期(C+D)期患者高于BCLC(A+B)期患者(P<0.05).
结论 血清TK1在肝癌患者中升高, 可作为诊断肝癌的血清学标志物之一. TK1的水平和肝细胞癌(hepetocellular carcinoma, HCC)患者年龄、AST、肝功能分级、BCLC分期、血管侵犯、肿瘤大小、肿瘤个数正相关. TK1在BCLC(C+D)期患者高于BCLC(A+B)期肝癌患者, 对判断HCC患者的预后有一定指导意义.
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Du YY, Zhang QJ, Sun GP. Expression and Clinical Significance of Cytokeratin-19 and Thymidine Kinase-1 in Advanced Gastrointestinal Cancer. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 129:2168-72. [PMID: 27625087 PMCID: PMC5022336 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.189919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As the clinical value of cytokeratin-19 (CK19) and thymidine kinase-1 (TK1) in advanced gastrointestinal cancer remains controversial, we investigated their expression and clinical significance in this disease. Methods: A total of 171 advanced gastrointestinal cancer patients were prospectively enrolled in this study. The mRNA level of CK19 was detected using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in all patients, along with a control group of fifty healthy individuals. Furthermore, detection of TK1 protein was carried out in 96 patients using a chemiluminescence dot blot assay. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) time. Results: Positive CK19 mRNA expression was detected in 74 (43.3%) of the 171 patients and positive TK1 expression was detected in 66 (68.8%) of the 96 patients. Furthermore, of the 96 patients, 36 (37.5%) were positive for both TK1 protein and CK19 mRNA, 30 (31.3%) were negative for TK1 protein, and 15 (15.6%) were negative for TK1 protein and positive for CK19 mRNA. The results indicated that patients who were positive for CK19 mRNA expression had significantly shorter OS times than those who were negative for it (median OS 7.7 vs. 9.7 months, respectively; P = 0.02). Moreover, patients who were positive for CK19 mRNA and TK1 protein expression had shorter OS times (median OS 6.1 months) than those who were positive for CK19 mRNA and negative for TK1 protein expression (median OS 9.1 months; P = 0.028). Positive CK19 mRNA expression was significantly associated with shorter OS in the univariate analysis (P = 0.027). Based on a multivariate Cox regression analysis, CK19 mRNA together with TK1 protein expression (P = 0.024) was an independent predictor for OS in gastrointestinal cancer patients. Conclusions: Our results suggest that positive expression of CK19 mRNA and TK1 protein is closely correlated with poor prognosis in advanced gastrointestinal cancer. Furthermore, both CK19 and TK1 are possible gastrointestinal cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Du
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Qiu-Jun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Guo-Ping Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
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43
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Wang J, Liu Q, Zhou X, He Y, Guo Q, Shi Q, Eriksson S, Zhou J, He E, Skog S. Thymidine kinase 1 expression in ovarian serous adenocarcinoma is superior to Ki-67: A new prognostic biomarker. Tumour Biol 2017. [PMID: 28651488 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317706479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease with abnormally proliferating cells and therefore proliferation rate is an important index for assessing tumour growth. Ki-67 is a commonly used proliferation marker considered to be an unfavourable prognostic marker in some tumors, while Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) is an interesting proliferation marker because its levels are highly dependent on the growth stage of cells. To define the immunohistochemistry (IHC) expression of the TK1 in patients with ovarian serous adenocarcinoma and establish its potential role as a new biomarker for progressive disease, we analyzed the expression patterns of TK1 and Ki-67 in 109 patients with ovarian serous adenocarcinoma. TK1 and Ki-67 expression both showed a statistically significant correlation to MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) grade, but not to age, tumour size, lymph node metastasis or pathological TNM (pTNM) stages. TK1 expression, MDACC grades, pathological stages and lymph node metastasis correlate to relapse incident rate and overall survival, but Ki-67 does not. Although TK1 expression, MDACC grade, pTNM stage and lymph node metastasis significantly correlate to relapse in the Cox univariate analysis, in the multivariate Cox analysis only TK1 expression and lymph node metastasis were independent prognostic factors. The overall survival also correlated significantly to TK1 expression, MDACC grade, pTNM stage and lymph node metastasis in the Cox univariate analysis. However, only the pTNM stage was found to be an independent prognostic factor for survival in the Cox multivariate analysis. Therefore, though TK1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for relapse, but not for survival, TK1 is a more informative expression than Ki-67 for LI, relapse and overall survival rates. Thus, when TK1 is combined with MDACC grading, pTNM staging and lymph node metastasis, IHC determination of TK1 expression may improve the overall prediction of prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Wang
- 1 Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Liu
- 2 Department of Gynaecology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodie Zhou
- 1 Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan He
- 1 Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Guo
- 1 Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qunli Shi
- 1 Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Staffan Eriksson
- 3 Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ji Zhou
- 4 Sino-Swed Molecular Bio-Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Ellen He
- 4 Sino-Swed Molecular Bio-Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Sven Skog
- 4 Sino-Swed Molecular Bio-Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China
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Wang Y, Jiang X, Dong S, Shen J, Yu H, Zhou J, Li J, Ma H, He E, Skog S. Serum TK1 is a more reliable marker than CEA and AFP for cancer screening in a study of 56,286 people. Cancer Biomark 2017; 16:529-36. [PMID: 27002755 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that the number of cancer patients will increase by about 70% during the next 25 years world-wide. To deal with this problem, WHO has suggested a focus on prevention of tumor incidence and health screening for early detection of people with tumors. OBJECTIVE To investigate the use of thymidine kinase 1 (TK1), CEA and AFP in serum to discover people with malignant tumors through health cancer screening. METHODS Of a cohort in 486,085 people of a routine health screening at the Health Centre, Fujun 180 Hospital, Quanzhou city, China, 56,286 people were investigated according to the presence of cancer during 2009-2014. The concentration of CEA and AFP were determined by an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay from Roche Diagnostics e601GmbH and STK1 by a commercial kit based on an enhanced chemiluminescent dot blot assay. RESULTS The cancer incident rate increased from 0.048/100,000 to 0.220/100,000. The most common types of tumors were those of the liver, cervix and lung. STK1 correlated to tumor growth rate, was more sensitive than CEA and AFP for discovering people with malignant tumors and more sensitive among people who had diagnosis of malignant tumor. STK1 was also a prognostic biomarker for death at 10-40 months follow-up, while CEA and AFP were not. A combination of these markers increased the sensitivity by about 30%. CONCLUSION STK1 is a reliable biomarker for discovering people with malignant tumors in cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Health Management Center of PLA 180 Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaorong Jiang
- Health Management Center of PLA 180 Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shaoliang Dong
- Medicine Management Department, PLA 180 Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiankun Shen
- Medicine Management Department, PLA 180 Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Haixia Yu
- Health Management Center of PLA 180 Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Sino-Swed Molecular Bio-Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Li
- Sino-Swed Molecular Bio-Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongbo Ma
- Sino-Swed Molecular Bio-Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Ellen He
- Sino-Swed Molecular Bio-Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Sven Skog
- Sino-Swed Molecular Bio-Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China
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Urzúa U, Ampuero S, Roby KF, Owens GA, Munroe DJ. Dysregulation of mitotic machinery genes precedes genome instability during spontaneous pre-malignant transformation of mouse ovarian surface epithelial cells. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:728. [PMID: 27801298 PMCID: PMC5088517 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Based in epidemiological evidence, repetitive ovulation has been proposed to play a role in the origin of ovarian cancer by inducing an aberrant wound rupture-repair process of the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). Accordingly, long term cultures of isolated OSE cells undergo in vitro spontaneous transformation thus developing tumorigenic capacity upon extensive subcultivation. In this work, C57BL/6 mouse OSE (MOSE) cells were cultured up to passage 28 and their RNA and DNA copy number profiles obtained at passages 2, 5, 7, 10, 14, 18, 23, 25 and 28 by means of DNA microarrays. Gene ontology, pathway and network analyses were focused in passages earlier than 20, which is a hallmark of malignancy in this model. Results At passage 14, 101 genes were up-regulated in absence of significant DNA copy number changes. Among these, the top-3 enriched functions (>30 fold, adj p < 0.05) comprised 7 genes coding for centralspindlin, chromosome passenger and minichromosome maintenance protein complexes. The genes Ccnb1 (Cyclin B1), Birc5 (Survivin), Nusap1 and Kif23 were the most recurrent in over a dozen GO terms related to the mitotic process. On the other hand, Pten plus the large non-coding RNAs Malat1 and Neat1 were among the 80 down-regulated genes with mRNA processing, nuclear bodies, ER-stress response and tumor suppression as relevant terms. Interestingly, the earliest discrete segmental aneuploidies arose by passage 18 in chromosomes 7, 10, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 19. By passage 23, when MOSE cells express the malignant phenotype, the dysregulated gene expression repertoire expanded, DNA imbalances enlarged in size and covered additional loci. Conclusion Prior to early aneuploidies, overexpression of genes coding for the mitotic apparatus in passage-14 pre-malignant MOSE cells indicate an increased proliferation rate suggestive of replicative stress. Concomitant down-regulation of nuclear bodies and RNA processing related genes suggests altered control of nuclear RNA maturation, features recently linked to impaired DNA damage response leading to genome instability. These results, combined with cytogenetic analysis by other authors in this model, suggest that transcriptional profile at passage 14 might induce cytokinesis failure by which tetraploid cells approach a near-tetraploid stage containing primary chromosome aberrations that initiate the tumorigenic drive. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3068-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulises Urzúa
- Laboratorio de Genómica Aplicada, Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, ICBM-Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Sandra Ampuero
- Programa de Virología, ICBM-Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katherine F Roby
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Garrison A Owens
- Laboratory of Molecular Technology, NCI-SAIC Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA.,Current address: Life Sciences Solutions Group, ThermoFisher Scientific, 5792 Van Allen Way, Carlsbad, CA, 92008, USA
| | - David J Munroe
- Laboratory of Molecular Technology, NCI-SAIC Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA.,Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
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The Association of Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen, Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9, Thymidine Kinase, and Tissue Polypeptide Specific Antigen with Outcomes of Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated with Bevacizumab: a Retrospective Study. Target Oncol 2016; 10:549-55. [PMID: 25875421 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-015-0365-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our retrospective study was to analyze the association of selected tumor markers (TMs) including serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), thymidine kinase, and tissue polypeptide specific antigen with outcomes in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treated with bevacizumab. There is an increasing body of evidence from retrospective/observational studies that some serum TMs may be predictive of effect of targeted therapies in mCRC. In our study, the cohort included 152 patients treated with bevacizumab-based therapy between years 2005 and 2014 at Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical School and Teaching Hospital Pilsen. Serum samples for measurement of TMs were collected within 1 month before the initiation of bevacizumab-based treatment. In multivariate Cox analysis that included serum tumor markers and clinical baseline parameters, the number of metastatic sites (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.00, p = 0.001) and CEA levels (HR = 2.80, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with progression-free survival, whereas CA 19-9 levels (HR = 2.25, p = 0.008) were the only studied parameter associated with overall survival. Quantification of serum CEA and CA 19-9 is simple and readily available, and their candidate prognostic importance in the setting of antiangiogenesis therapy deserves to be studied in prospective trials.
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Cao X, Zhou J, Chen Z. Standardized Centile Curves and Reference Intervals of Serum Thymidine Kinase 1 Levels in a Normal Chinese Population Using the LMS Method. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2016; 20:445-50. [PMID: 27337028 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2015.0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the present study was to re-establish a set of normative data for serum thymidine kinase 1 (STK1) for the Chinese population. METHODS The study included 14,960 Chinese subjects (9586 males and 5374 females) from 20 to 79 years old. Subjects suffering from diseases that could affect STK1 levels were excluded. STK1 was measured by a sensitive chemiluminescence dot blot assay. The reference intervals were calculated using the LMS method. RESULTS Peak thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) serum levels were observed at 20 years of age for both genders. After the age of 20 years, serum TK1 levels decreased slowly from 0.51 to 0.36 pM, reaching a plateau to a mean of 0.35 pM in late adulthood. The mean pretreatment STK1 Z-scores in patients with solid malignant tumors obtained from related studies for cancers were 0.01 ± 0.99 (males, -0.07 ± 0.97; females, 0.09 ± 1.02). CONCLUSIONS The present study established age- and gender-specific normative STK1 data for the Chinese population and showed the utility of these references for screening patients with solid malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Cao
- 1 Health Management Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jiansong Zhou
- 2 Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhiheng Chen
- 1 Health Management Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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48
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Selting KA, Ringold R, Husbands B, Pithua PO. Thymidine Kinase Type 1 and C-Reactive Protein Concentrations in Dogs with Spontaneously Occurring Cancer. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30:1159-66. [PMID: 27214230 PMCID: PMC5089580 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serum thymidine kinase type 1 (TK1) and canine C‐Reactive Protein (cCRP) might be useful in detecting dogs with cancer. Algorithms combining biomarkers are sometimes more accurate than results of individual tests. Objectives The aim of this study was to compare serum TK1 and cCRP and Neoplasia Index (NI) in healthy and tumor‐bearing dogs. Animals Client‐owned dogs with (n = 253) and without (n = 156) cancer. Methods Retrospective case–control study. Dogs with cancer were identified after submission of samples for commercial assay and case details were retrospectively collected. Healthy dogs (control) were identified through breed groups and health status was confirmed by health questionnaire for a minimum of 6 months. Serum TK1 activity was measured using a quantitative chemiluminescent assay and serum cCRP was measured using a quantitative ELISA assay. Results TK1 activity in the cancer (n = 253) and control group (n = 156) were 7.0 μ/L (median, range <0.5 to >100) and 1.8 μ/L (median, range 0.4 to 55.3), respectively (P < .001). cCRP concentrations in the cancer and control group were 6.0 mg/L (median, range <0.5 to >50) and 1.6 mg/L (median, range 0.09 to >50), respectively (P < .001). The NI in the cancer and control group were 6.4 (median, range 0–9.9) and 0.9 (median, range 0–7.6), respectively (P < .001). ROC AUCs of the NI and TK1 for all cancers were greater than 0.8, highest for lymphoma and histiocytic sarcoma. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Increased concentrations of TK1 and cCRP, when present in dogs with cancer, might be useful in confirming a diagnosis and monitoring response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Selting
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - R Ringold
- Veterinary Diagnostic Institute, Inc., Simi Valley, CA
| | - B Husbands
- BluePearl Veterinary Partners, Eden Prarie, MN
| | - P O Pithua
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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Burdelski C, Strauss C, Tsourlakis MC, Kluth M, Hube-Magg C, Melling N, Lebok P, Minner S, Koop C, Graefen M, Heinzer H, Wittmer C, Krech T, Sauter G, Wilczak W, Simon R, Schlomm T, Steurer S. Overexpression of thymidylate synthase (TYMS) is associated with aggressive tumor features and early PSA recurrence in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:8377-87. [PMID: 25762627 PMCID: PMC4480759 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) plays a role in DNA synthesis and is a target for 5-fluorouracil. In this study TYMS was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray containing 11,152 prostate cancers. TYMS expression was higher in neoplastic than in normal prostate epithelium and was detectable in 72.9% of 10,223 interpretable cancers. It was considered strong in 21.9%, moderate in 33.4% and weak in 17.6% of tumors. TYMS overexpression was associated with deletions at 5q21 (p < 0.0001), 6q15 (p < 0.0001) and 3p13 (p = 0.0083) and gradually increased with the total number of these deletions present in the respective cancer sample (p < 0.0001). TYMS expression was unrelated to PTEN deletions (p = 0.9535) but tightly linked to high Gleason grade, advanced pathological tumor stage and early PSA recurrence (p < 0.0001). The prognostic value of TYMS was independent from the ERG status and deletions at 3p13, 5q21, and 6q15. In multivariate analyses the prognostic role of TYMS expression was independent of Gleason grade, pT stage, preoperative PSA, pN stage, or resection margins. TYMS expression analysis might result in clinically useful information in prostate cancer. The striking link to some but not all chromosomal aberrations might suggest a mechanistical link with specific types of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Burdelski
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Christian Strauss
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | | | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Nathaniel Melling
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Christina Koop
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Hans Heinzer
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Corinna Wittmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,Department of Urology, Section for Translational Prostate Cancer Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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50
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Zhang Y, Wang J, Xie J, Yang D, Han G, Zhang Y, Fu Q. The assay and clinical significance of serum thymidine kinase 1 in patients with colorectal carcinoma. Eur Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10353-015-0342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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