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Abdel-Mohsen HT, Syam YM, Abd El-Ghany MS, Abd El-Karim SS. Benzimidazole-oxindole hybrids: A novel class of selective dual CDK2 and GSK-3β inhibitors of potent anticancer activity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024:e2300721. [PMID: 39041665 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
A new series of benzimidazole-oxindole hybrids 8a-x was discovered as dual cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK2) and glycogen synthase kinase-3-beta (GSK-3β) inhibitors with potent anticancer activity. The synthesized hits displayed potent anticancer activity against national cancer institute cancer cell lines in single-dose and five-dose assays. Moreover, the derivatives 8k, 8l, 8n, 8o, and 8p demonstrated potent cytotoxic activity against PANC-1 cells with IC50 = 1.88-2.79 µM. In addition, the hybrids 8l, 8n, 8o, and 8p displayed potent antiproliferative activity on the MG-63 cell line (IC50 = 0.99-1.90 µM). Concurrently, the benzimidazole-oxindole hybrid 8v exhibited potent dual CDK2/GSK-3β inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 0.04 and 0.021 µM, respectively. In addition, 8v displayed more than 10-fold higher selectivity toward CDK2 and GSK-3 β over CDK1, CDK5, GSK-3α, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, and B-rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma. Screening of the effect of 8n and 8v on the cell cycle and apoptosis of PANC-1 and MG-63 cells displayed their ability to arrest their cell cycle at the G2-M phase and to potentiate the apoptosis of both cell lines. In silico docking of the benzimidazole-oxindole hybrid 8v into the catalytic pocket of both CDK2 and GSK-3β revealed its perfect fitting through the formation of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions with the key amino acids in the binding sites. In addition, in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion studies proved that 8a-x exhibit satisfactory drug-likeness properties for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba T Abdel-Mohsen
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmin M Syam
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Somaia S Abd El-Karim
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Arora T, Sharma G, Prashar V, Singh R, Sharma A, Changotra H, Parkash J. Mechanistic Evaluation of miRNAs and Their Targeted Genes in the Pathogenesis and Therapeutics of Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04261-x. [PMID: 38823001 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04261-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) are usually 18-25 nucleotides long non-coding RNA targeting post-transcriptional regulation of genes involved in various biological processes. The function of miRNA is essential for maintaining a homeostatic cellular condition, regulating autophagy, cellular motility, and inflammation. Dysregulation of miRNA is responsible for multiple disorders, including neurodegeneration, which has emerged as a severe problem in recent times and has verified itself as a life-threatening condition that can be understood by the continuous destruction of neurons affecting various cognitive and motor functions. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common, permanently debilitating neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's, mainly characterized by uncontrolled tremor, stiffness, bradykinesia or akinesia (slowness in movement), and post-traumatic stress disorder. PD is mainly caused by the demolition of the primary dopamine neurotransmitter secretory cells and dopaminergic or dopamine secretory neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta of the midbrain, which are majorly responsible for motor functions. In this study, a systematic evaluation of research articles from year 2017 to 2022 was performed on multiple search engines, and lists of miRNA being dysregulated in PD in different body components were generated. This study highlighted miR-7, miR-124, miR-29 family, and miR-425, showing altered expression levels during PD's progression, further regulating the expression of multiple genes responsible for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Arora
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Vikash Prashar
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Randeep Singh
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Arti Sharma
- Department of Computational Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Harish Changotra
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143101, Punjab, India
| | - Jyoti Parkash
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India.
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Bankapalli K, Thomas RE, Vincow ES, Milstein G, Fisher LV, Pallanck LJ. A Drosophila model for mechanistic investigation of tau protein spread. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.21.590466. [PMID: 38712083 PMCID: PMC11071371 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.21.590466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Brain protein aggregates are a hallmark of neurodegenerative disease. Previous work indicates that specific protein components of these aggregates are toxic, including tau in Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies. Increasing evidence also indicates that these toxic proteins traffic between cells in a prion-like fashion, thereby spreading pathology from one brain region to another. However, the mechanisms involved in trafficking are poorly understood. We therefore developed a transgenic Drosophila model to facilitate rapid evaluation of candidate tau trafficking modifiers. Our model uses the bipartite Q system to drive co-expression of tau and GFP in the fly eye. We find age-dependent tau spread into the brain, represented by detection of tau, but not GFP in the brain. We also found that tau trafficking was attenuated upon inhibition of the endocytic factor dynamin or the kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3β ( GSK-3β ). Further work revealed that dynamin promotes tau uptake in recipient tissues, whereas GSK-3β appears to promote tau spread via direct phosphorylation of tau. Our robust and flexible system will promote the identification of tau trafficking components involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. SUMMARY STATEMENT The trafficking of toxic proteins in neurodegenerative disease is well-known but poorly understood. Our model will allow rapid and new insight into molecular mechanisms underlying this process.
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Xue J, Tao K, Wang W, Wang X. What Can Inflammation Tell Us about Therapeutic Strategies for Parkinson's Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1641. [PMID: 38338925 PMCID: PMC10855787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder with a complicated etiology and pathogenesis. α-Synuclein aggregation, dopaminergic (DA) neuron loss, mitochondrial injury, oxidative stress, and inflammation are involved in the process of PD. Neuroinflammation has been recognized as a key element in the initiation and progression of PD. In this review, we summarize the inflammatory response and pathogenic mechanisms of PD. Additionally, we describe the potential anti-inflammatory therapies, including nod-like receptor pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome inhibition, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) inhibition, microglia inhibition, astrocyte inhibition, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibition, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist, targeting the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, targeting the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent pathway, targeting α-synuclein, targeting miRNA, acupuncture, and exercise. The review focuses on inflammation and will help in designing new prevention strategies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Xue
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; (K.T.); (W.W.)
| | | | | | - Xiaofei Wang
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; (K.T.); (W.W.)
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Yap RS, Kumar J, Teoh SL. Potential Neuroprotective Role of Neurotrophin in Traumatic Brain Injury. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:1189-1202. [PMID: 38279761 DOI: 10.2174/0118715273289222231219094225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major global health issue that affects millions of people every year. It is caused by any form of external force, resulting in temporary or permanent impairments in the brain. The pathophysiological process following TBI usually involves excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, ischemia, and apoptotic cell death. It is challenging to find treatment for TBI due to its heterogeneous nature, and no therapeutic interventions have been approved thus far. Neurotrophins may represent an alternative approach for TBI treatment because they influence various functional activities in the brain. The present review highlights recent studies on neurotrophins shown to possess neuroprotective roles in TBI. Neurotrophins, specifically brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) have demonstrated reduced neuronal death, alleviated neuroinflammatory responses and improved neurological functions following TBI via their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Further studies are required to ensure the efficacy and safety of neurotrophins to be used as TBI treatment in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Shian Yap
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Seong Lin Teoh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Arora R, Babbar R, Dabra A, Chopra B, Deswal G, Grewal AS. Marine-derived Compounds: A Powerful Platform for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:166-181. [PMID: 38305396 DOI: 10.2174/0118715249269050231129103002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating form of dementia that primarily affects cholinergic neurons in the brain, significantly reducing an individual's capacity for learning and creative skills and ultimately resulting in an inability to carry out even basic daily tasks. As the elderly population is exponentially increasing, the disease has become a significant concern for society. Therefore, neuroprotective substances have garnered considerable interest in addressing this universal issue. Studies have shown that oxidative damage to neurons contributes to the pathophysiological processes underlying AD progression. In AD, tau phosphorylation and glutamate excitotoxicity may play essential roles, but no permanent cure for AD is available. The existing therapies only manage the early symptoms of AD and often come with numerous side effects and toxicities. To address these challenges, researchers have turned to nature and explored various sources such as plants, animals, and marine organisms. Many historic holy books from different cultures emphasize that adding marine compounds to the regular diet enhances brain function and mitigates its decline. Consequently, researchers have devoted significant time to identifying potentially active neuroprotective substances from marine sources. Marine-derived compounds are gaining recognition due to their abundant supply of diverse chemical compounds with biological and pharmacological potential and unique mechanisms of action. Several studies have reported that plants exhibit multitarget potential in treating AD. In light of this, the current study focuses on marine-derived components with excellent potential for treating this neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Ritchu Babbar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Abhishek Dabra
- Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamunanagar, Haryana, India
| | - Bhawna Chopra
- Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamunanagar, Haryana, India
| | - Geeta Deswal
- Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamunanagar, Haryana, India
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Oruc A, Oruc KY, Yanar K, Mengi M, Caglar A, Kurt BO, Altan M, Sonmez OF, Cakatay U, Uzun H, Simsek G. The Role of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β in the Zinc-Mediated Neuroprotective Effect of Metformin in Rats with Glutamate Neurotoxicity. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:233-245. [PMID: 37071257 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03667-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Metformin has been suggested to have protective effects on the central nervous system, but the mechanism is unknown. The similarity between the effects of metformin and the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β suggests that metformin may inhibit GSK-3β. In addition, zinc is an important element that inhibits GSK-3β by phosphorylation. In this study, we investigated whether the effects of metformin on neuroprotection and neuronal survival were mediated by zinc-dependent inhibition of GSK-3β in rats with glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Forty adult male rats were divided into 5 groups: control, glutamate, metformin + glutamate, zinc deficiency + glutamate, and zinc deficiency + metformin + glutamate. Zinc deficiency was induced with a zinc-poor pellet. Metformin was orally administered for 35 days. D-glutamic acid was intraperitoneally administered on the 35th day. On the 38th day, neurodegeneration was examined histopathologically, and the effects on neuronal protection and survival were evaluated via intracellular S-100β immunohistochemical staining. The findings were examined in relation to nonphosphorylated (active) GSK-3β levels and oxidative stress parameters in brain tissue and blood. Neurodegeneration was increased (p < 0.05) in rats fed a zinc-deficient diet. Active GSK-3β levels were increased in groups with neurodegeneration (p < 0.01). Decreased neurodegeneration, increased neuronal survival (p < 0.01), decreased active GSK-3β (p < 0.01) levels and oxidative stress parameters, and increased antioxidant parameters were observed in groups treated with metformin (p < 0.01). Metformin had fewer protective effects on rats fed a zinc-deficient diet. Metformin may exert neuroprotective effects and increase S-100β-mediated neuronal survival by zinc-dependent inhibition of GSK-3β during glutamate neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aykut Oruc
- Department of Physiology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Kadriye Yagmur Oruc
- Department of Physiology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Karolin Yanar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Mengi
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Aysel Caglar
- Department of Pathology, Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahar Ozturk Kurt
- Department of Biophysics, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Altan
- Department of Physiology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Osman Fuat Sonmez
- Department of Physiology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Cakatay
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hafize Uzun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Atlas University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gonul Simsek
- Department of Physiology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Tomita K, Kuwahara Y, Igarashi K, Kitanaka J, Kitanaka N, Takashi Y, Tanaka KI, Roudkenar MH, Roushandeh AM, Kurimasa A, Nishitani Y, Sato T. Therapeutic potential for KCC2-targeted neurological diseases. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2023; 59:431-438. [PMID: 38022385 PMCID: PMC10665825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with neurological diseases, such as schizophrenia, tend to show low K+-Cl- co-transporter 2 (KCC2) levels in the brain. The cause of these diseases has been associated with stress and neuroinflammation. However, since the pathogenesis of these diseases is not yet fully investigated, drug therapy is still limited to symptomatic therapy. Targeting KCC2, which is mainly expressed in the brain, seems to be an appropriate approach in the treatment of these diseases. In this review, we aimed to discuss about stress and inflammation, KCC2 and Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) function, diseases which decrease the KCC2 levels in the brain, factors that regulate KCC2 activity, and the possibility to overcome neuronal dysfunction targeting KCC2. We also aimed to discuss the relationships between neurological diseases and LPS caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. g), which is a type of oral bacterium. Clinical trials on oxytocin, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activator, and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V Member 1 activator have been conducted to develop effective treatment methods. We believe that KCC2 modulators that regulate mitochondria, such as oxytocin, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and SIRT1, can be potential targets for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Tomita
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890–8544, Japan
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo Medical University, Hyogo 650–8530, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kuwahara
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890–8544, Japan
- Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Miyagi, 983-8536, Japan
| | - Kento Igarashi
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890–8544, Japan
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo Medical University, Hyogo 650–8530, Japan
| | - Junichi Kitanaka
- Laboratory of Drug Addiction and Experimental Therapeutics, Schoolof Pharmacy, Hyogo Medical University, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan
| | - Nobue Kitanaka
- Laboratory of Drug Addiction and Experimental Therapeutics, Schoolof Pharmacy, Hyogo Medical University, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Yuko Takashi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890–8544, Japan
| | - Koh-ichi Tanaka
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890–8544, Japan
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo Medical University, Hyogo 650–8530, Japan
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890–8544, Japan
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht 41937–13194, Iran
| | - Amaneh Mohammadi Roushandeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Akihiro Kurimasa
- Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Miyagi, 983-8536, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishitani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890–8544, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sato
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890–8544, Japan
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Alrouji M, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Mahammadawy AKAA, Al-Gareeb AI, Saad HM, Batiha GES. The potential role of cholesterol in Parkinson's disease neuropathology: perpetrator or victim. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:3781-3794. [PMID: 37428278 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06926-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by deposition of α-synuclein and aggregation of Lewy bodies. Cholesterol is involved with PD neuropathology in bidirectional ways that could be protective or harmful. Thus, the objective of the present review was to verify the potential role of cholesterol in PD neuropathology. Deregulation of ion channels and receptors induced by cholesterol alteration suggests a possible mechanism for the neuroprotective effects of cholesterol against PD development. However, high serum cholesterol level increases PD risk indirectly by 27-hydroxycholesterol which induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Besides, hypercholesterolemia triggers the accumulation of cholesterol in macrophages and immune cells leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines with progression of neuroinflammation subsequently. Additionally, cholesterol increases aggregation of α-synuclein and induces degeneration of dopaminergic neurons (DN) in the substantia nigra (SN). Hypercholesterolemia may lead to cellular Ca2+ overload causing synaptic and the development of neurodegeneration. In conclusion, cholesterol has bidirectional effects on PD neuropathology and might be protective or harmful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alrouji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, M.B.Ch.B, FRCP; Box, Baghdad, 14132, Iraq
| | | | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, M.B.Ch.B, FRCP; Box, Baghdad, 14132, Iraq
| | - Hebatallah M Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Marsa Matrouh, 51744, Egypt.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Al Beheira, 22511, Egypt.
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Shri SR, Manandhar S, Nayak Y, Pai KSR. Role of GSK-3β Inhibitors: New Promises and Opportunities for Alzheimer's Disease. Adv Pharm Bull 2023; 13:688-700. [PMID: 38022801 PMCID: PMC10676556 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) was discovered to be a multifunctional enzyme involved in a wide variety of biological processes, including early embryo formation, oncogenesis, as well cell death in neurodegenerative diseases. Several critical cellular processes in the brain are regulated by the GSK-3β, serving as a central switch in the signaling pathways. Dysregulation of GSK-3β kinase has been reported in diabetes, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, inflammation, and Huntington's disease. Thus, GSK-3β is widely regarded as a promising target for therapeutic use. The current review article focuses mainly on Alzheimer's disease, an age-related neurodegenerative brain disorder. GSK-3β activation increases amyloid-beta (Aβ) and the development of neurofibrillary tangles that are involved in the disruption of material transport between axons and dendrites. The drug-binding cavities of GSK-3β are explored, and different existing classes of GSK-3β inhibitors are explained in this review. Non-ATP competitive inhibitors, such as allosteric inhibitors, can reduce the side effects compared to ATP-competitive inhibitors. Whereas ATP-competitive inhibitors produce disarrangement of the cytoskeleton, neurofibrillary tangles formation, and lead to the death of neurons, etc. This could be because they are binding to a site separate from ATP. Owing to their interaction in particular and special binding sites, allosteric ligands interact with substrates more selectively, which will be beneficial in resolving drug-induced resistance and also helpful in reducing side effects. Hence, in this review, we focussed on the allosteric GSK-3β inhibitors and discussed their futuristic opportunities as anti-Alzheimer's compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - K Sreedhara Ranganath Pai
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal -576104, India
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Salem HA, Abu-Elfotuh K, Alzahrani S, Rizk NI, Ali HS, Elsherbiny N, Aljohani A, Hamdan AME, Chellasamy P, Abdou NS, Gowifel AMH, Darwish A, Ibrahim OM, Abd Elmageed ZY. Punicalagin's Protective Effects on Parkinson's Progression in Socially Isolated and Socialized Rats: Insights into Multifaceted Pathway. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2420. [PMID: 37896179 PMCID: PMC10610313 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a gradual deterioration of dopaminergic neurons, leading to motor impairments. Social isolation (SI), a recognized stressor, has recently gained attention as a potential influencing factor in the progress of neurodegenerative illnesses. We aimed to investigate the intricate relationship between SI and PD progression, both independently and in the presence of manganese chloride (MnCl2), while evaluating the punicalagin (PUN) therapeutic effects, a natural compound established for its cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. In this five-week experiment, seven groups of male albino rats were organized: G1 (normal control), G2 (SI), G3 (MnCl2), G4 (SI + MnCl2), G5 (SI + PUN), G6 (MnCl2 + PUN), and G7 (SI + PUN + MnCl2). The results revealed significant changes in behavior, biochemistry, and histopathology in rats exposed to SI and/or MnCl2, with the most pronounced effects detected in the SI rats concurrently exposed to MnCl2. These effects were associated with augmented oxidative stress biomarkers and reduced antioxidant activity of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Additionally, inflammatory pathways (HMGB1/RAGE/TLR4/NF-ᴋB/NLRP3/Caspase-1 and JAK-2/STAT-3) were upregulated, while dysregulation of signaling pathways (PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/CREB), sustained endoplasmic reticulum stress by activation PERK/CHOP/Bcl-2, and impaired autophagy (AMPK/SIRT-1/Beclin-1 axis) were observed. Apoptosis induction and a decrease in monoamine levels were also noted. Remarkably, treatment with PUN effectively alleviated behaviour, histopathological changes, and biochemical alterations induced by SI and/or MnCl2. These findings emphasize the role of SI in PD progress and propose PUN as a potential therapeutic intervention to mitigate PD. PUN's mechanisms of action involve modulation of pathways such as HMGB1/RAGE/TLR4/NF-ᴋB/NLRP3/Caspase-1, JAK-2/STAT-3, PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/CREB, AMPK/SIRT-1, Nrf2/HO-1, and PERK/CHOP/Bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda A. Salem
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Karema Abu-Elfotuh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Sharifa Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (H.S.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Nermin I. Rizk
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menouf 32952, Egypt;
| | - Howaida S. Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (H.S.A.); (S.A.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Nehal Elsherbiny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Alhanouf Aljohani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed M. E. Hamdan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Nada S. Abdou
- Faculty of Medicine, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), Giza 11556, Egypt;
| | - Ayah M. H. Gowifel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo 11571, Egypt;
| | - Alshaymaa Darwish
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt;
| | - Osama Mohamed Ibrahim
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tanta, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Zakaria Y. Abd Elmageed
- Department of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71203, USA;
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12
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Vincent B, Shukla M. The common denominators of Parkinson's disease pathogenesis and methamphetamine abuse. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 22:CN-EPUB-134343. [PMID: 37691228 PMCID: PMC11337683 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230907151226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The pervasiveness and mortality associated with methamphetamine abuse has doubled during the past decade suggesting a possible worldwide substance use crisis. Epitomizing the pathophysiology and toxicology of methamphetamine abuse proclaims severe signs and symptoms of neurotoxic and neurobehavioral manifestations in both humans and animals. Most importantly, chronic use of this drug enhances the probability of developing neurodegenerative diseases manifolds. Parkinson's disease is one such neurological disorder, which significantly and evidently not only shares a number of toxic pathogenic mechanisms induced by methamphetamine exposure but is also interlinked both structurally andgenetically. Methamphetamine-induced neurodegeneration involves altered dopamine homeostasis that promotes the aggregation of α-synuclein protofibrils in the dopaminergic neurons and drives these neurons to make them more vulnerable to degeneration as recognized in Parkinson's disease. Moreover, the pathologic mechanisms such as mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and decreased neurogenesis detected in methamphetamine abusers dramatically resemble to what is observed in Parkinson's disease cases. Therefore, the present review comprehensively cumulates a holistic illustration of various genetic and molecular mechanisms putting across the notion of how methamphetamine administration and intoxication might lead to Parkinson's disease-like pathology and Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Vincent
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Laboratory of Excellence DistALZ, Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, Sophia-Antipolis, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Mayuri Shukla
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 10210, Bangkok, Thailand
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13
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Al-kuraishy HM, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Elhussieny O, Saad HM, Batiha GES. New insights on the potential effect of vinpocetine in Parkinson's disease: one of the neglected warden and baffling topics. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1831-1840. [PMID: 37335452 PMCID: PMC10348926 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01254-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Vinpocetine (VPN) is an ethyl apovincaminate that has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by inhibiting the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and phosphodiesterase enzyme 1 (PDE-1). VPN is used in the management of stroke, dementia, and other neurodegenerative brain diseases. VPN may be effective in treating Parkinson's disease (PD). Therefore, this review aimed to clarify the mechanistic role of VPN in the management of PD. VPN has protective and restorative effects against neuronal injury by reducing neuroinflammation, and improvement of synaptic plasticity and cerebral blood flow. VPN protects dopaminergic neurons by reducing oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, glutamate neurotoxicity, and regulation of Ca+ 2 overloads. VPN can alleviate PD neuropathology through its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiapoptotic and neurogenic effects. VPN through inhibition of PDE1 improves cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling in the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra (SN). VPN improves PD neuropathology through PDE1 inhibition with a subsequent increase of the cAMP/cGMP signaling pathway. Therefore, increasing cAMP leads to antioxidant effects, while augmentation of cGMP by VPN leads to anti-inflammatory effects which reduced neurotoxicity and development of motor severity in PD. In conclusion, this review indicated that VPN could be effective in the management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M. Al-kuraishy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, Medical Faculty, College of Medicine, Al- Mustansiriyah University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770 Australia
- AFNP Med, 1030 Wien, Austria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Omnya Elhussieny
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, 51744 Marsa Matruh, Egypt
| | - Hebatallah M. Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Marsa Matruh, 51744 Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511 Egypt
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14
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Shi G, Scott H, Azhar NIFM, Gialeli A, Clennell B, Lee KS, Hurcombe J, Whitcomb D, Coward R, Wong LF, Cordero-Llana O, Uney JB. AZD5438 a GSK-3a/b and CDK inhibitor is antiapoptotic modulates mitochondrial activity and protects human neurons from mitochondrial toxins. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8334. [PMID: 37221196 PMCID: PMC10205901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35480-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that kenpaullone, which inhibits GSK-3a/b and CDKs inhibited CCCP mediated mitochondrial depolarisation and augments the mitochondrial network. To investigate the actions of this class of drug further, we compared the ability of kenpaullone, alsterpaullone, 1-azakenapaullone, AZD5438, AT7519 (CDK and GSK-3a/b inhibitors) and dexpramipexole and olesoxime (mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibitors) to prevent CCCP mediated mitochondrial depolarisation and found that AZD5438 and AT7519, were the most effective. Furthermore, treatment with AZD5438 alone increased the complexity of the mitochondrial network. We also found that AZD5438 prevented the rotenone induced decrease in PGC-1alpha and TOM20 levels and that it mediated powerful anti-apoptotic effects and promoted glycolytic respiration. Importantly, experiments in human iPSC derived cortical and midbrain neurons showed AZD5438 mediated significant protective effects, preventing the neuronal cell death, and collapse in the neurite and mitochondrial network associated with rotenone treatment. These results suggest drugs that target GSK-3a/b and CDKs should be developed and assessed further as they may have significant therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongyu Shi
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Helen Scott
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Andriana Gialeli
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Benjamin Clennell
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Keng Siang Lee
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jenny Hurcombe
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Daniel Whitcomb
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard Coward
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Liang-Fong Wong
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Oscar Cordero-Llana
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - James B Uney
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK.
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15
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Kwon YJ, Kwon OI, Hwang HJ, Shin HC, Yang S. Therapeutic effects of phlorotannins in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1193590. [PMID: 37305552 PMCID: PMC10249478 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1193590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Phlorotannins are natural polyphenolic compounds produced by brown marine algae and are currently found in nutritional supplements. Although they are known to cross the blood-brain barrier, their neuropharmacological actions remain unclear. Here we review the potential therapeutic benefits of phlorotannins in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In mouse models of Alzheimer's disease, ethanol intoxication and fear stress, the phlorotannin monomer phloroglucinol and the compounds eckol, dieckol and phlorofucofuroeckol A have been shown to improve cognitive function. In a mouse model of Parkinson's disease, phloroglucinol treatment led to improved motor performance. Additional neurological benefits associated with phlorotannin intake have been demonstrated in stroke, sleep disorders, and pain response. These effects may stem from the inhibition of disease-inducing plaque synthesis and aggregation, suppression of microglial activation, modulation of pro-inflammatory signaling, reduction of glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, and scavenging of reactive oxygen species. Clinical trials of phlorotannins have not reported significant adverse effects, suggesting these compounds to be promising bioactive agents in the treatment of neurological diseases. We therefore propose a putative biophysical mechanism of phlorotannin action in addition to future directions for phlorotannin research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Ji Kwon
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Oh Ig Kwon
- Botamedi Brain Health and Medical Care Company Limited, Central, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hye Jeong Hwang
- Center for Molecular Intelligence, SUNY Korea, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Shin
- Botamedi Brain Health and Medical Care Company Limited, Central, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Molecular Intelligence, SUNY Korea, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungchil Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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16
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Kim JH, Han J, Afridi R, Kim JH, Rahman MH, Park DH, Lee WS, Song GJ, Suk K. A multiplexed siRNA screen identifies key kinase signaling networks of brain glia. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201605. [PMID: 36878638 PMCID: PMC9990460 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamic behaviors of brain glial cells in various neuroinflammatory conditions and neurological disorders have been reported; however, little is known about the underlying intracellular signaling pathways. Here, we developed a multiplexed kinome-wide siRNA screen to identify the kinases regulating several inflammatory phenotypes of mouse glial cells in culture, including inflammatory activation, migration, and phagocytosis of glia. Subsequent proof-of-concept experiments involving genetic and pharmacological inhibitions indicated the importance of T-cell receptor signaling components in microglial activation and a metabolic shift from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation in astrocyte migration. This time- and cost-effective multiplexed kinome siRNA screen efficiently provides exploitable drug targets and novel insight into the mechanisms underlying the phenotypic regulation of glial cells and neuroinflammation. Moreover, the kinases identified in this screen may be relevant in other inflammatory diseases and cancer, wherein kinases play a critical role in disease signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Heon Kim
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ruqayya Afridi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dong Ho Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Suk Lee
- Neuracle Science Co., Ltd. Seoul, Republic Korea
| | - Gyun Jee Song
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Republic Korea; Translational Brain Research Center, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Republic Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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17
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Gamit N, Dharmarajan A, Sethi G, Warrier S. Want of Wnt in Parkinson's disease: Could sFRP disrupt interplay between Nurr1 and Wnt signaling? Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115566. [PMID: 37088155 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor related 1 (Nurr1) is a transcription factor known to regulate the development and maintenance of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons. Reports have confirmed that defect or obliteration of Nurr1 results in neurodegeneration and motor function impairment leading to Parkinson's disease (PD). Studies have also indicated that Nurr1 regulates the expression of alpha-synuclein (α-SYN) and mutations in Nurr1 cause α-SYN overexpression, thereby increasing the risk of PD. Nurr1 is modulated via various pathways including Wnt signaling pathway which is known to play an important role in neurogenesis and deregulation of it contributes to PD pathogenesis. Both Wnt/β-catenin dependent and independent pathways are implicated in the activation of Nurr1 and subsequent downregulation of α-SYN. This review highlights the interaction between Nurr1 and Wnt signaling pathways in mDA neuronal development. We further hypothesize how modulation of Wnt signaling pathway by its antagonist, secreted frizzled related proteins (sFRPs) could be a potential route to treat PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naisarg Gamit
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560 065, India
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600 116, India; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia; Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia; School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Life and Physical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 117 600, Singapore
| | - Sudha Warrier
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560 065, India; Cuor Stem Cellutions Pvt Ltd, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560 065, India.
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18
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Balboni B, Masi M, Rocchia W, Girotto S, Cavalli A. GSK-3β Allosteric Inhibition: A Dead End or a New Pharmacological Frontier? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087541. [PMID: 37108703 PMCID: PMC10139115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Most kinase inhibitors are designed to bind to highly homologous ATP-binding sites, which leads to promiscuity and possible off-target effects. Allostery is an alternative approach to pursuing selectivity. However, allostery is difficult to exploit due to the wide variety of underlying mechanisms and the potential involvement of long-range conformational effects that are difficult to pinpoint. GSK-3β is involved in several pathologies. This critical target has an ATP-binding site that is highly homologous with the orthosteric sites of other kinases. Unsurprisingly, there is also great similarity between the ATP-binding sites of GSK-3β and its isomer, which is not redundant and thus would benefit from selective inhibition. Allostery would also allow for a moderate and tunable inhibition, which is ideal for GSK-3β, because this target is involved in multiple pathways, some of which must be preserved. However, despite considerable research efforts, only one allosteric GSK-3β inhibitor has reached the clinic. Moreover, unlike other kinases, there are no X-ray structures of GSK-3β in complex with allosteric inhibitors in the PDB data bank. This review aims to summarize the state of the art in allosteric GSK-3β inhibitor investigations, highlighting the aspects that make this target challenging for an allosteric approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Balboni
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Mirco Masi
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Walter Rocchia
- Computational mOdelling of NanosCalE and bioPhysical sysTems (CONCEPT) Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83, 16152 Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefania Girotto
- Structural Biophysics and Translational Pharmacology Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
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19
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Samim Khan S, Janrao S, Srivastava S, Bala Singh S, Vora L, Kumar Khatri D. GSK-3β: An exuberating neuroinflammatory mediator in Parkinson's disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 210:115496. [PMID: 36907495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a critical degradative condition affecting neurons in the brain. Progressive neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease (PD) have been strongly linked to neuroinflammation. The trigger point for inflammatory conditions in the cells and body is the physiological immune system. The immune response mediated by glial cells and astrocytes can rectify the physiological alterations occurring in the cell for the time being but prolonged activation leads to pathological progression. The proteins mediating such an inflammatory response, as per the available literature, are undoubtedly GSK-3β, NLRP3, TNF, PPARγ, and NF-κB, along with a few other mediatory proteins. NLRP3 inflammasome is undeniably a principal instigator of the neuroinflammatory response, but the regulatory pathways controlling its activation are still unclear, besides less clarity for the interplay between different inflammatory proteins. Recent reports have suggested the involvement of GSK-3β in regulating NLRP3 activation, but the exact mechanistic pathway remains vague. In the current review, we attempt to provide an elaborate description of crosstalk between inflammatory markers and GSK-3β mediated neuroinflammation progression, linking it to regulatory transcription factors and posttranslational modification of proteins. The recent clinical therapeutic advances targeting these proteins are also discussed in parallel to provide a comprehensive view of the progress made in PD management and lacunas still existing in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiya Samim Khan
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Sushmita Janrao
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India.
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India.
| | - Lalitkumar Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India.
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20
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Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies on substituted N-(pyridin-3-yl)-2-amino-isonicotinamides as highly potent and selective glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 81:129143. [PMID: 36669575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In our continuing efforts to explore structure-activity relationships around the novel class of potent, isonicotinamide-based GSK3 inhibitors described in our previous report, we extensively explored structural variations around both 4/5-pyridine substitutions and the amide group. Some analogs were found to have greatly improved pTau lowering potency while retaining high kinase selectivity. In contrast to previous active compounds 1a-c, a close analog 3h did not show in vivo efficacy in a triple-transgenic mouse Alzheimer's disease model. In general, these 2‑pyridinyl amide derivatives were prone to amidase mediated hydrolysis in mouse plasma.
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21
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Buzoianu AD, Sharma A, Muresanu DF, Feng L, Huang H, Chen L, Tian ZR, Nozari A, Lafuente JV, Wiklund L, Sharma HS. Nanodelivery of Histamine H3/H4 Receptor Modulators BF-2649 and Clobenpropit with Antibodies to Amyloid Beta Peptide in Combination with Alpha Synuclein Reduces Brain Pathology in Parkinson's Disease. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 32:55-96. [PMID: 37480459 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32997-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) in military personnel engaged in combat operations is likely to develop in their later lives. In order to enhance the quality of lives of PD patients, exploration of novel therapy based on new research strategies is highly warranted. The hallmarks of PD include increased alpha synuclein (ASNC) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leading to brain pathology. In addition, there are evidences showing increased histaminergic nerve fibers in substantia niagra pars compacta (SNpc), striatum (STr), and caudate putamen (CP) associated with upregulation of histamine H3 receptors and downregulation of H4 receptors in human brain. Previous studies from our group showed that modulation of potent histaminergic H3 receptor inverse agonist BF-2549 or clobenpropit (CLBPT) partial histamine H4 agonist with H3 receptor antagonist induces neuroprotection in PD brain pathology. Recent studies show that PD also enhances amyloid beta peptide (AβP) depositions in brain. Keeping these views in consideration in this review, nanowired delivery of monoclonal antibodies to AβP together with ASNC and H3/H4 modulator drugs on PD brain pathology is discussed based on our own observations. Our investigation shows that TiO2 nanowired BF-2649 (1 mg/kg, i.p.) or CLBPT (1 mg/kg, i.p.) once daily for 1 week together with nanowired delivery of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to AβP and ASNC induced superior neuroprotection in PD-induced brain pathology. These observations are the first to show the modulation of histaminergic receptors together with antibodies to AβP and ASNC induces superior neuroprotection in PD. These observations open new avenues for the development of novel drug therapies for clinical strategies in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lianyuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Zhongshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hongyun Huang
- Beijing Hongtianji Neuroscience Academy, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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22
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Khotimchenko YS, Silachev DN, Katanaev VL. Marine Natural Products from the Russian Pacific as Sources of Drugs for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:708. [PMID: 36421986 PMCID: PMC9697637 DOI: 10.3390/md20110708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are growing to become one of humanity's biggest health problems, given the number of individuals affected by them. They cause enough mortalities and severe economic impact to rival cancers and infections. With the current diversity of pathophysiological mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative diseases, on the one hand, and scarcity of efficient prevention and treatment strategies, on the other, all possible sources for novel drug discovery must be employed. Marine pharmacology represents a relatively uncharted territory to seek promising compounds, despite the enormous chemodiversity it offers. The current work discusses one vast marine region-the Northwestern or Russian Pacific-as the treasure chest for marine-based drug discovery targeting neurodegenerative diseases. We overview the natural products of neurological properties already discovered from its waters and survey the existing molecular and cellular targets for pharmacological modulation of the disease. We further provide a general assessment of the drug discovery potential of the Russian Pacific in case of its systematic development to tackle neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri S. Khotimchenko
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 8 ul. Sukhanova, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Denis N. Silachev
- Department of Functional Biochemistry of Biopolymers, A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir L. Katanaev
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 8 ul. Sukhanova, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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23
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Khairnar RC, Parihar N, Prabhavalkar KS, Bhatt LK. Emerging targets signaling for inflammation in Parkinson's disease drug discovery. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2143-2161. [PMID: 35536461 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00999-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) patients not only show motor features such as bradykinesia, tremor, and rigidity but also non-motor features such as anxiety, depression, psychosis, memory loss, attention deficits, fatigue, sexual dysfunction, gastrointestinal issues, and pain. Many pharmacological treatments are available for PD patients; however, these treatments are partially or transiently effective since they only decrease the symptoms. As these therapies are unable to restore dopaminergic neurons and stop the development of Parkinson's disease, therefore, the need for an effective therapeutic approach is required. The current review summarizes novel targets for PD, that can be utilized to identify disease-modifying treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhema Chandan Khairnar
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Niraj Parihar
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Kedar S Prabhavalkar
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India.
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24
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Yousef MH, Salama M, El-Fawal HAN, Abdelnaser A. Selective GSK3β Inhibition Mediates an Nrf2-Independent Anti-inflammatory Microglial Response. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:5591-5611. [PMID: 35739410 PMCID: PMC9395457 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02923-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is associated with the proinflammatory phenotype of microglia and has been shown to act in concert with nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). GSK3 is also a suppressor of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), the principal regulator of redox homeostasis. Agreeing with the oxidative paradigm of aging, Nrf2 is often deregulated in parainflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we aimed to explore a multimodal disease-modifying utility of GSK3 inhibition, beyond neuronal proteopathologies. Furthermore, we aimed to underscore the difference in therapeutic value between the two GSK3 paralogs by isoform-selective chemical inhibition. The anti-inflammatory effects of paralog-selective GSK3 inhibitors were evaluated as a function of the reductive capacity of each to mitigate LPS-induced activation of SIM-A9 microglia. The Griess method was employed to detect the nitrate-lowering capacity of selective GSK3 inhibition. Real-time PCR was used to assess post-treatment expression levels of pro-inflammatory markers and antioxidant genes; pro-inflammatory cytokines were assayed by ELISA. Nuclear lysates of treated cells were examined for Nrf2 and NF-κB accumulation by immunoblotting. Finally, to infer whether the counter-inflammatory activity of GSK3 inhibition was Nrf2-dependent, DsiRNA-mediated knockdown of Nrf2 was attempted. Results from our experiments reveal a superior anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative efficacy for GSK3β-selective inhibition, compared to GSK3α-selective and non-selective pan-inhibition; hence, use of selective GSK3β inhibitors is likely to be more propitious than non-selective dual inhibitors administered at comparable doses. Moreover, our results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of GSK3 inhibition are not Nrf2 dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Yousef
- School of Sciences and Engineering, Biotechnology Graduate Program, The American University in Cairo, P.O. Box: 74, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Salama
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, P.O. Box: 74, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hassan A N El-Fawal
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, P.O. Box: 74, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Anwar Abdelnaser
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, P.O. Box: 74, Cairo, Egypt.
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25
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Vellingiri B, Suriyanarayanan A, Abraham KS, Venkatesan D, Iyer M, Raj N, Gopalakrishnan AV. Influence of heavy metals in Parkinson's disease: an overview. J Neurol 2022; 269:5798-5811. [PMID: 35900586 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11282-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an ageing disorder with deterioration of dopamine neurons which leads to motor complications like tremor, stiffness, slow movement and postural disturbances. In PD, both genetics as well as environmental factors both play a major role in causing the pathogenesis. Though there are surfeit of risk factors involved in PD occurrence, till now there is lack of an exact causative agent as a risk for PD with confirmative findings. The role of heavy metals reported to be a significant factor in PD pathogenesis. Heavy metal functions in cell maintenance but growing pieces of evidences reported to cause dyshomeostasis with increased PD rate. Metals disturb the molecular processes and results in oxidative stress, DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. The present review elucidates the role of cobalt, nickel, mercury, chromium, thallium metals in α-synuclein aggregation and its involvement in blood brain barrier flux. Also, the review explains the plausible role of aforementioned metals with a mechanistic approach and therapeutic recommendations in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Atchaya Suriyanarayanan
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kripa Susan Abraham
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhivya Venkatesan
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Livestock Farming and Bioresource Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Neethu Raj
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
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26
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Kalra S, Malik R, Singh G, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Mohan S, Albratty M, Albarrati A, Tambuwala MM. Pathogenesis and management of traumatic brain injury (TBI): role of neuroinflammation and anti-inflammatory drugs. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1153-1166. [PMID: 35802283 PMCID: PMC9293826 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important global health concern that represents a leading cause of death and disability. It occurs due to direct impact or hit on the head caused by factors such as motor vehicles, crushes, and assaults. During the past decade, an abundance of new evidence highlighted the importance of inflammation in the secondary damage response that contributes to neurodegenerative and neurological deficits after TBI. It results in disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and initiates the release of macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes at the injury site. A growing number of researchers have discovered various signalling pathways associated with the initiation and progression of inflammation. Targeting different signalling pathways (NF-κB, JAK/STAT, MAPKs, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, GSK-3, Nrf2, RhoGTPase, TGF-β1, and NLRP3) helps in the development of novel anti-inflammatory drugs in the management of TBI. Several synthetic and herbal drugs with both anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective potential showed effective results. This review summarizes different signalling pathways, associated pathologies, inflammatory mediators, pharmacological potential, current status, and challenges with anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunishtha Kalra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Rohit Malik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Govind Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. .,Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Syam Mohan
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.,Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Albarrati
- Rehabilitation Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK.
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27
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Abu-Elfotuh K, Hamdan AME, Abbas AN, Alahmre ATS, Elewa MAF, Masoud RAE, Ali AA, Othman M, Kamal MM, Hassan FAM, Khalil MG, El-Sisi AM, Abdel Hady MMM, Abd-Elhaleim El Azazy MK, Awny MM, Wahid A. Evaluating the neuroprotective activities of vinpocetine, punicalagin, niacin and vitamin E against behavioural and motor disabilities of manganese-induced Parkinson's disease in Sprague Dawley rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113330. [PMID: 35780621 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the neuroprotective activity of some drugs and nutriceuticals with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential on the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Rats were categorized into seven groups: Rats received tween80 daily for 5 weeks as a control group, MnCl2 (10 mg/kg, i.p) either alone (group II) or in combination with vinpocetine (VIN) (20 mg/kg) (group III), punicalagin (PUN) (30 mg/kg) (group IV), niacin (85 mg/kg) (group V), vitamin E (Vit E) (100 mg/kg) (group VI) or their combination (group VII). Motor activities was examined using open-field and catalepsy. Striatal monamines, acetylcholinesterase, excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmitters, redox status, pro-oxidant content, brain inflammatory, apoptotic and antioxidant biomarkers levels were assessed. Besides, histopathological investigations of different brain regions were determined. Groups (IV -GVII) showed improved motor functions of PD rats. Applied drugs significantly increased the brain levels of monoamines with the strongest effect to PUN. Meanwhile, they significantly decreased levels of acetylcholinesterase with a strongest effect to PUN. Moreover, they exhibited significant neuronal protection and anti-inflammatory abilities through significant reduction of the brain levels of COX2, TNF-α and Il-1β with a strongest effect to the PUN. Interestingly; groups (IV - GVII) showed restored glutamate/GABA balance and exhibited a pronounced decrease in caspase-3 content and GSK-3β protein expression levels. In addition, they significantly increased Bcl2 mRNA expression levels with a strongest effect for PUN. All these findings were further confirmed by the histopathological examinations. As a conclusion, we propose VIN and PUN to mitigate the progression of PD via their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, neurotrophic and neurogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karema Abu-Elfotuh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department (Girls), Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Mohammed A F Elewa
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Rehab Ali Elsayed Masoud
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of medicine for girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza A Ali
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department (Girls), Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Othman
- Lecturer, Department of anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Salman International University, El-Tur Campus, Saini, Egypt
| | - Mona M Kamal
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department (Girls), Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma Alzahraa M Hassan
- Biochemistry and molecular biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar, University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona G Khalil
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El-Sisi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department (boys), Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University (NUB), Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Manal M M Abdel Hady
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Qantra University, Sinai, Egypt
| | | | - Magdy M Awny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Wahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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28
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Caioni G, Cimini A, Benedetti E. Food Contamination: An Unexplored Possible Link between Dietary Habits and Parkinson’s Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071467. [PMID: 35406080 PMCID: PMC9003245 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance of a healthy lifestyle in maintaining the population’s well-being and health, especially in terms of balanced nutrition, is well known. Food choice of and dieting habits could impact disease management, which is especially true for Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, nowadays, it is not that simple to maintain a balance in nutrition, and the idea of a healthy diet tends to fade as the consequence of a western lifestyle. This should not only be dealt with in the context of food choice, but also from an environmental point of view. What we put into our bodies is strictly related to the quality of ecosystems we live in. For these reasons, attention should be directed to all the pollutants, which in many cases, we unknowingly ingest. It will be necessary to explore the interaction between food and environment, since human activity also influences the raw materials destined for consumption. This awareness can be achieved by means of an innovative scientific approach, which involves the use of new models, in order to overcome the traditional scientific investigations included in the study of Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Caioni
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.C.); (A.C.)
- Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.C.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-086-243-3267
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29
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Gianferrara T, Cescon E, Grieco I, Spalluto G, Federico S. Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Involvement in Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:4631-4697. [PMID: 35170406 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220216113517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GSK-3β activity has been strictly related to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Alzheimer's disease is the most studied neurodegenerative disease, but GSK-3β seems to be involved in almost all neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, Huntington's disease and the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to help researchers both working on this research topic or not to have a comprehensive overview on GSK-3β in the context of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. METHOD Literature has been searched using PubMed and SciFinder databases by inserting specific keywords. A total of more than 500 articles have been discussed. RESULTS First of all, the structure and regulation of the kinase were briefly discussed and then, specific GSK-3β implications in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases were illustrated also with the help of figures, to conclude with a comprehensive overview on the most important GSK-3β and multitarget inhibitors. For all discussed compounds, the structure and IC50 values at the target kinase have been reported. CONCLUSION GSK-3β is involved in several signaling pathways both in neurons as well as in glial cells and immune cells. The fine regulation and interconnection of all these pathways are at the base of the rationale use of GSK-3β inhibitors in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. In fact, some compounds are now under clinical trials. Despite this, pharmacodynamic and ADME/Tox profiles of the compounds were often not fully characterized and this is deleterious in such a complex system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Gianferrara
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cescon
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ilenia Grieco
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giampiero Spalluto
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stephanie Federico
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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30
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Cuadrado A. Brain-Protective Mechanisms of Transcription Factor NRF2: Toward a Common Strategy for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 62:255-277. [PMID: 34637322 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-052220-103416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the loss of homeostatic functions that control redox and energy metabolism, neuroinflammation, and proteostasis. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a master controller of these functions, and its overall activity is compromised during aging and in these diseases. However, NRF2 can be activated pharmacologically and is now being considered a common therapeutic target. Many gaps still exist in our knowledge of the specific role that NRF2 plays in specialized brain cell functions or how these cells respond to the hallmarks of these diseases. This review discusses the relevance of NRF2 to several hallmark features of neurodegenerative diseases and the current status of pharmacological activators that might pass through the blood-brain barrier and provide a disease-modifying effect. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Volume 62 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cuadrado
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid 28029, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid 28046, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid 28031, Spain;
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31
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García-Yagüe ÁJ, Lastres-Becker I, Stefanis L, Vassilatis DK, Cuadrado A. α-Synuclein Induces the GSK-3-Mediated Phosphorylation and Degradation of NURR1 and Loss of Dopaminergic Hallmarks. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:6697-6711. [PMID: 34609698 PMCID: PMC8639559 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02558-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In Parkinson’s disease, the dysfunction of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal tract involves the loss of function of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta followed by death of these neurons. The functional recovery of these neurons requires a deep knowledge of the molecules that maintain the dopaminergic phenotype during adulthood and the mechanisms that subvert their activity. Previous studies have shown that transcription factor NURR1, involved in differentiation and maintenance of the dopaminergic phenotype, is downregulated by α-synuclein (α-SYN). In this study, we provide a mechanistic explanation to this finding by connecting α-SYN-induced activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) with NURR1 phosphorylation followed by proteasomal degradation. The use of sequential deletion mutants and single point mutants of NURR1 allowed the identification of a domain comprising amino acids 123-PSSPPTPSTPS-134 that is targeted by GSK-3 and leads to subsequent ubiquitination and proteasome degradation. This study provides a detailed analysis of the regulation of NURR1 stability by phosphorylation in synucleinopathies such as Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Juan García-Yagüe
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), C/ Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Valderrebollo 5, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Lastres-Becker
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), C/ Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Valderrebollo 5, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- 1St Department of Neurology, Aiginition University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Center of Clinical Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios K Vassilatis
- Center of Clinical Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), C/ Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Valderrebollo 5, Madrid, Spain.
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32
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Choi HJ, Lee JY, Cha SJ, Han YJ, Yoon JH, Kim HJ, Kim K. FUS-induced neurotoxicity is prevented by inhibiting GSK-3β in a drosophila model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:850-862. [PMID: 34605896 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-linked mutations in fused in sarcoma (FUS) lead to the formation of cytoplasmic aggregates in neurons. They are believed play a critical role in the pathogenesis of FUS-associated ALS. Therefore, the clearance and degradation of cytoplasmic FUS aggregates in neurons may be considered a therapeutic strategy for ALS. However, the molecular pathogenic mechanisms behind FUS-associated ALS remain poorly understood. Here, we report GSK-3β as a potential modulator of FUS-induced toxicity. We demonstrated that RNAi-mediated knockdown of Drosophila ortholog Shaggy in FUS-expressing flies suppresses defective phenotypes, including retinal degeneration, motor defects, motor neuron degeneration, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, we found that cytoplasmic FUS aggregates were significantly reduced by Shaggy knockdown. In addition, we found that the levels of FUS proteins were significantly reduced by co-overexpression of Slimb, a F-box protein, in FUS-expressing flies, indicating that Slimb is critical for the suppressive effect of Shaggy/GSK-3β inhibition on FUS-induced toxicity in Drosophila. These findings revealed a novel mechanism of neuronal protective effect through SCFSlimb-mediated FUS degradation via GSK-3β inhibition, and provided in vivo evidence of the potential for modulating FUS-induced ALS progression using GSK-3β inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jun Choi
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea.,Department of Integrated Biomedical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
| | - Sun Joo Cha
- Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
| | - Yeo Jeong Han
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea.,Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
| | - Ja Hoon Yoon
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41068, Korea
| | - Kiyoung Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea.,Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
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Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Regulates the Genesis of Displaced Retinal Ganglion Cells3. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0171-21.2021. [PMID: 34518365 PMCID: PMC8496207 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0171-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) proteins (GSK3α and GSK3β) are key mediators of signaling pathways, with crucial roles in coordinating fundamental biological processes during neural development. Here we show that the complete loss of GSK3 signaling in mouse retinal progenitors leads to microphthalmia with broad morphologic defects. A single wild-type allele of either Gsk3α or Gsk3β is able to rescue this phenotype. In this genetic context, all cell types are present in a functional retina. However, we unexpectedly detected a large number of cells in the inner nuclear layer expressing retinal ganglion cell (RGC)-specific markers (called displaced RGCs, dRGCs) when at least one allele of Gsk3α is expressed. The excess of dRGCs leads to an increased number of axons projecting into the ipsilateral medial terminal nucleus, an area of the brain belonging to the non-image-forming visual circuit and poorly targeted by RGCs in wild-type retina. Transcriptome analysis and optomotor response assay suggest that at least a subset of dRGCs in Gsk3 mutant mice are direction-selective RGCs. Our study thus uncovers a unique role of GSK3 in controlling the production of ganglion cells in the inner nuclear layer, which correspond to dRGCs, a rare and poorly characterized retinal cell type.
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Traumatic Brain Injury: Mechanistic Insight on Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutic Targets. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:1725-1742. [PMID: 33956297 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01841-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes brain damage, which involves primary and secondary injury mechanisms. Primary injury causes local brain damage, while secondary damage begins with inflammatory activity followed by disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), peripheral blood cells infiltration, brain edema, and the discharge of numerous immune mediators including chemotactic factors and interleukins. TBI alters molecular signaling, cell structures, and functions. Besides tissue damage such as axonal damage, contusions, and hemorrhage, TBI in general interrupts brain physiology including cognition, decision-making, memory, attention, and speech capability. Regardless of the deep understanding of the pathophysiology of TBI, the underlying mechanisms still need to be assessed with a desired therapeutic agent to control the consequences of TBI. The current review gives a brief outline of the pathophysiological mechanism of TBI and various biochemical pathways involved in brain injury, pharmacological treatment approaches, and novel targets for therapy.
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Lv W, Yu M, Yang Q, Kong P, Yan B. Total flavonoids of Rhizoma drynariae ameliorate steroid‑induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head via the PI3K/AKT pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:345. [PMID: 33760114 PMCID: PMC7974407 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH) is a common orthopaedic disease that is difficult to treat. The present study investigated the effects of total flavonoids of Rhizoma drynariae (TFRD) on SANFH and explored its underlying mechanisms. The SANFH rat model was induced by intramuscular injection of lipopolysaccharides and methylprednisolone. Osteoblasts were isolated from the calvariae of neonatal rats and then cultured with dexamethasone (Dex). TFRD was used in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Haematoxylin and eosin staining was used to assess the pathological changes in the femoral head. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labelling assay and flow cytometry were conducted to detect apoptosis of osteoblasts. The 2,7-dichlorofluorescein-diacetate staining method was used to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in osteoblasts and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to detect osteoblast proliferation. The expression of caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, VEGF, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteocalcin (OCN), receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway related-proteins were detected via western blotting. It was found that TFRD reduced the pathological changes, inhibited apoptosis, increased the expression of VEGF, RUNX2, OPG and OCN, decreased RANKL expression and activated the PI3K/AKT pathway in SANFH rats. TFRD promoted proliferation, inhibited apoptosis and reduced ROS levels by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway in osteoblasts. In conclusion, TFRD protected against SANFH in a rat model. In addition, TFRD protected osteoblasts from Dex-induced damage through the PI3K/AKT pathway. The findings of the present study may contribute to find an effective treatment for the management of SANFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxue Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lixia, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Mingxiu Yu
- Department of Special Inspection, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lixia, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Qingyi Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lixia, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Peng Kong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lixia, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Bing Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lixia, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
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Interaction between Parkin and α-Synuclein in PARK2-Mediated Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020283. [PMID: 33572534 PMCID: PMC7911026 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkin and α-synuclein are two key proteins involved in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Neurotoxic alterations of α-synuclein that lead to the formation of toxic oligomers and fibrils contribute to PD through synaptic dysfunction, mitochondrial impairment, defective endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi function, and nuclear dysfunction. In half of the cases, the recessively inherited early-onset PD is caused by loss of function mutations in the PARK2 gene that encodes the E3-ubiquitin ligase, parkin. Parkin is involved in the clearance of misfolded and aggregated proteins by the ubiquitin-proteasome system and regulates mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. PARK2-related PD is generally thought not to be associated with Lewy body formation although it is a neuropathological hallmark of PD. In this review article, we provide an overview of post-mortem neuropathological examinations of PARK2 patients and present the current knowledge of a functional interaction between parkin and α-synuclein in the regulation of protein aggregates including Lewy bodies. Furthermore, we describe prevailing hypotheses about the formation of intracellular micro-aggregates (synuclein inclusions) that might be more likely than Lewy bodies to occur in PARK2-related PD. This information may inform future studies aiming to unveil primary signaling processes involved in PD and related neurodegenerative disorders.
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Talebi M, Talebi M, Kakouri E, Farkhondeh T, Pourbagher-Shahri AM, Tarantilis PA, Samarghandian S. Tantalizing role of p53 molecular pathways and its coherent medications in neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 172:93-103. [PMID: 33440210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are incongruous, commonly age-related disorders characterized by progressive neuronal loss, comprising the most prevalent being Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. Perilous health states are anticipated following the neurodegeneration. Their etiology remains largely ambiguous, while various mechanisms are ascribed to their pathogenesis. A recommended conception is regarding the role of p53, as a transcription factor regulating numerous cellular pathways comprising apoptosis. Neuronal fates are a feasible occurrence that contributes to all neurodegenerative diseases. In this work, we review the research investigated the potential role of p53 in the pathogenesis of these diseases. We put special emphasis on intricate We not only describe aberrant changes in p53 level/activity observed in CNS regions affected by particular diseases but, most importantly, put special attention to the complicated reciprocal tuning connections prevailing between p53 and molecules considered in pathological hallmarks of these disorders. Natural and synthetic medications regulating p53 expression are regarded as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Talebi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Talebi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Eleni Kakouri
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Petros A Tarantilis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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Recent Advances on the Role of GSK3β in the Pathogenesis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10100675. [PMID: 32993098 PMCID: PMC7600609 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10100675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive motor neuron degeneration. Although several studies on genes involved in ALS have substantially expanded and improved our understanding of ALS pathogenesis, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying this disease remain poorly understood. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is a multifunctional serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays a critical role in the regulation of various cellular signaling pathways. Dysregulation of GSK3β activity in neuronal cells has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Previous research indicates that GSK3β inactivation plays a neuroprotective role in ALS pathogenesis. GSK3β activity shows an increase in various ALS models and patients. Furthermore, GSK3β inhibition can suppress the defective phenotypes caused by SOD, TDP-43, and FUS expression in various models. This review focuses on the most recent studies related to the therapeutic effect of GSK3β in ALS and provides an overview of how the dysfunction of GSK3β activity contributes to ALS pathogenesis.
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Zhan J, Yan Z, Zhao M, Qi W, Lin J, Lin Z, Huang Y, Pan X, Xue X. Allicin inhibits osteoblast apoptosis and steroid-induced necrosis of femoral head progression by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. Food Funct 2020; 11:7830-7841. [PMID: 32808945 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00837k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH) is a major complication of long-term or excessive clinical use of glucocorticoids. Allicin is a classical ingredient extracted from garlic and has many functions such as anti-apoptosis and antibacterial effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect and the mechanism of allicin on apoptosis of osteoblasts induced by dexamethasone (Dex) and SANFH in rats. In vitro, we performed CCK-8, western blotting, TUNEL and other experiments, and the results of these experiments showed that allicin could inhibit the Dex-induced abnormal expression of C-caspase3, C-caspase9, Bax, cytochrome C and Bcl-2 by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. In vivo, the results of micro-CT, hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical analysis suggested that allicin could effectively inhibit the progress of SANFH in rats. In summary, our experiments indicate that allicin is a potential drug for the treatment of SANFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingdi Zhan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China. and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China and The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zijian Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China. and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China and The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mengyao Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China. and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China and The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weihui Qi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China. and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China and The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Zeng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China. and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China and The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yijiang Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xinghe Xue
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Agnew-Francis KA, Williams CM. Squaramides as Bioisosteres in Contemporary Drug Design. Chem Rev 2020; 120:11616-11650. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kylie A. Agnew-Francis
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Craig M. Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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41
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Liu LH, Shi RJ, Chen ZC. Paeonol exerts anti‑tumor activity against colorectal cancer cells by inducing G0/G1 phase arrest and cell apoptosis via inhibiting the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:675-684. [PMID: 32626954 PMCID: PMC7307818 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeonol is a simple phenolic compound isolated from herbal root bark, which has been reported to possess numerous biological and pharmacological characteristics, including a desirable anti‑tumor effect. To date, the effect of paeonol against colorectal cancer (CRC) cells is yet to be fully elucidated. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the underlying mechanism via which paeonol exerts its anti‑tumor activity on HCT116 cells. After incubation with various concentrations of paeonol (7.8125, 15.625, 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250 and 500 µg/ml), the inhibitory effect of paeonol on cell viability was assessed using a Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were measured using flow cytometry. Moreover, caspase activity was measured using a colorimetric caspase assay. Luciferase assay was also used to determine the β‑catenin‑mediated transcriptional activity of T‑cell specific transcription factor/lymphoid‑enhancer binding factor (TCF/LEF), and western blotting analysis was performed to measure the related expression of proteins. The results indicated that paeonol exhibited a notable effect against HCT116 cells by inducing G0/G1‑phase arrest, as demonstrated by downregulation of the cell cycle regulators cyclin‑dependent kinase 4 and cyclin D1 and upregulation of p21Cip1 in a dose‑dependent manner. Furthermore, paeonol dose‑dependently induced cell apoptosis, accompanied by an increase in the Bax/Bcl‑2 ratio, release of cytochrome c and further activation of caspases. Paeonol also dose‑dependently blocked the activation of the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway by suppressing the expression of β‑catenin, resulting in a decrease in β‑catenin‑mediated activity of TCF/LEF and downregulation of downstream target genes, including cyclin D1, survivin and c‑Myc. Therefore, the present results suggested that paeonol exerted its anti‑tumor effects on CRC cells, including the inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of cell cycle arrest and initiation of apoptosis, at least partly by suppressing the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway, which may offer a promising therapeutic strategy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Liu
- No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029
| | - Ren-Jie Shi
- No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023
| | - Zhi-Cheng Chen
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Brain development and degeneration are highly complex processes that are regulated by a large number of molecules and signaling pathways the identities of which are being unraveled. Accumulating evidence points to histone deacetylases and epigenetic mechanisms as being important regulators of these processes. In this review, we describe that histone deacetylase-3 (HDAC3) is a particularly crucial regulator of both neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration. In addition, HDAC3 regulates memory formation, synaptic plasticity, and the cognitive impairment associated with normal aging. Understanding how HDAC3 functions contributes to the normal development and functioning of the brain while also promoting neurodegeneration could lead to the development of therapeutic approaches for neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Trostnikov MV, Veselkina ER, Krementsova AV, Boldyrev SV, Roshina NV, Pasyukova EG. Modulated Expression of the Protein Kinase GSK3 in Motor and Dopaminergic Neurons Increases Female Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster. Front Genet 2020; 11:668. [PMID: 32695143 PMCID: PMC7339944 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most eukaryotic genes express multiple transcripts and proteins, and a sophisticated gene expression strategy plays a crucial role in ensuring the cell-specificity of genetic information and the correctness of phenotypes. The Drosophila melanogaster gene shaggy encodes several isoforms of the conserved glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), which is vitally important for multiple biological processes. To characterize the phenotypic effects of differential shaggy expression, we explored how the multidirectional modulation of the expression of the main GSK3 isoform, Shaggy-PB, in different tissues and cells affects lifespan. To this end, we used lines with transgenic constructs that encode mutant variants of the protein. The effect of shaggy misexpression on lifespan depended on the direction of the presumed change in GSK3 activity and the type of tissue/cell. The modulation of GSK3 activity in motor and dopaminergic neurons improved female lifespan but caused seemingly negative changes in the structural (mitochondrial depletion; neuronal loss) and functional (perturbed locomotion) properties of the nervous system, indicating the importance of analyzing the relationship between lifespan and healthspan in invertebrate models. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular and cellular bases of lifespan extension, demonstrating that the fine-tuning of transcript-specific shaggy expression in individual groups of neurons is sufficient to provide a sex-specific increase in survival and slow aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V Trostnikov
- Laboratory of Genome Variation, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina R Veselkina
- Laboratory of Genome Variation, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V Krementsova
- Laboratory of Genome Variation, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Kinetics and Mechanisms of Enzymatic and Catalytic Reactions, N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stepan V Boldyrev
- Laboratory of Genome Variation, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Genetic Basis of Biodiversity, N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V Roshina
- Laboratory of Genome Variation, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Genetic Basis of Biodiversity, N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena G Pasyukova
- Laboratory of Genome Variation, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Singh SS, Rai SN, Birla H, Zahra W, Rathore AS, Dilnashin H, Singh R, Singh SP. Neuroprotective Effect of Chlorogenic Acid on Mitochondrial Dysfunction-Mediated Apoptotic Death of DA Neurons in a Parkinsonian Mouse Model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6571484. [PMID: 32566093 PMCID: PMC7273475 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6571484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress characterize major factors involved in the activation of complex processes corresponding to apoptosis-mediated neuronal senescence of dopaminergic neurons (DA) in Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we evaluated the molecular mechanisms participating in the treatment of a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydopyridine- (MPTP-) intoxicated PD mouse model in response to chlorogenic acid (CGA). The results indicate that CGA treatment significantly improved the motor coordination of the MPTP-intoxicated mice. CGA also alleviated the fall in activity of mitochondrial complexes I, IV, and V in accordance with ameliorating the level of superoxide dismutase and mitochondrial glutathione in the midbrain of MPTP-induced mice. CGA inhibited the activation of proapoptotic proteins including Bax and caspase-3, while elevating the expression of antiapoptotic protein like Bcl-2 consequently preventing the MPTP-mediated apoptotic cascade. The study also revealed the improved phosphorylation state of Akt, ERK1/2, and GSK3β which was downregulated as an effect of MPTP toxicity. Our findings signify that CGA may possess pharmacological properties and contribute to neuroprotection against MPTP induced toxicity in a PD mouse model associated with phosphorylation of GSK3β via activating Akt/ERK signalling in the mitochondrial intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Thus, CGA treatment may arise as a potential therapeutic candidate for mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic senescence of DA neurons in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumitra Sen Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sachchida Nand Rai
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Hareram Birla
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Walia Zahra
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Aaina Singh Rathore
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Hagera Dilnashin
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Richa Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Surya Pratap Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Zhang Y, Qin L, Xie J, Li J, Wang C. Eupatilin prevents behavioral deficits and dopaminergic neuron degeneration in a Parkinson's disease mouse model. Life Sci 2020; 253:117745. [PMID: 32376269 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Neuroinflammation and apoptosis play a crucial role in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. Eupatilin is a lipophilic flavonoid isolated from Artemisia species and exerts anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of Eupatilin on a mouse model of PD induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). MAIN METHODS The rotarod test and traction test were constructed to examine the motor function. Immunofluorescent staining was performed to detect the expression of TH, Iba-1 and GFAP. Apoptosis was examined by the TUNEL assay. Real-time PCR was used to determine the mRNA expression and Western blot and ELISA were used to determine the protein expression. KEY FINDINGS Eupatilin improved behavioral impairment caused by MPTP. A loss of TH positive neurons was observed in the substantia nigra pars compacta of MPTP-lesioned brain, while it was rescued by Eupatilin. Moreover, MPTP administration increased the cell number of microglia and astrocytes and the expression of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Whereas Eupatilin suppressed the activation of neuroinflammation. Eupatilin also decreased cell apoptosis enhanced by MPTP/MPP+ exposure in vivo and in vitro. We further revealed that Eupatilin abolished MPTP-induced downregulation of IκBα expression and accumulation of p65 in the nuclear compartment. Besides, MPTP administration led to dephosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β, but it was restored by Eupatilin. SIGNIFICANCE We demonstrate that Eupatilin alleviates behavioral impairment and dopaminergic neuron loss induced by MPTP through inhibition of neuroinflammation and apoptosis. Our research provides more evidence for Eupatilin as a potential preventative drug for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Lina Qin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Jieru Xie
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China.
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Llorach-Pares L, Rodriguez-Urgelles E, Nonell-Canals A, Alberch J, Avila C, Sanchez-Martinez M, Giralt A. Meridianins and Lignarenone B as Potential GSK3β Inhibitors and Inductors of Structural Neuronal Plasticity. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E639. [PMID: 32326204 PMCID: PMC7226462 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK3) is an essential protein, with a relevant role in many diseases such as diabetes, cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Particularly, the isoform GSK3β is related to pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). This enzyme constitutes a very interesting target for the discovery and/or design of new therapeutic agents against AD due to its relation to the hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT), and therefore, its contribution to neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) formation. An in silico target profiling study identified two marine molecular families, the indole alkaloids meridianins from the tunicate genus Aplidium, and lignarenones, the secondary metabolites of the shelled cephalaspidean mollusc Scaphander lignarius, as possible GSK3β inhibitors. The analysis of the surface of GSK3β, aimed to find possible binding regions, and the subsequent in silico binding studies revealed that both marine molecular families can act over the ATP and/or substrate binding regions. The predicted inhibitory potential of the molecules from these two chemical families was experimentally validated in vitro by showing a ~50% of increased Ser9 phosphorylation levels of the GSK3β protein. Furthermore, we determined that molecules from both molecular families potentiate structural neuronal plasticity in vitro. These results allow us to suggest that meridianins and lignarenone B could be used as possible therapeutic candidates for the treatment of GSK3β involved pathologies, such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Llorach-Pares
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, (Spain); (L.L.-P.); (C.A.)
- Mind the Byte S.L., 08007 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;
| | - Ened Rodriguez-Urgelles
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (E.R.-U.); (J.A.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Alberch
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (E.R.-U.); (J.A.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Conxita Avila
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, (Spain); (L.L.-P.); (C.A.)
| | | | - Albert Giralt
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (E.R.-U.); (J.A.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
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Fan X, Zhao Z, Wang D, Xiao J. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 as a key regulator of cognitive function. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:219-230. [PMID: 32147679 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmz156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a highly conserved and multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase widely distributed in eukaryotic cells. GSK-3 is originally thought to be an enzyme that regulates glycogen synthesis. It was subsequently found that GSK-3 influences many critical cellular functions, such as cell structure, neural plasticity, gene expression, and neuronal survival. Recently, GSK-3 has been found to be associated with cognition, and its dysregulation leads to cognitive impairments in many diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, depression, Parkinson's disease, and others. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge about the structure of GSK-3, the regulation of GSK-3 activity, and its role in cognitive function and cognitive-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhong Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Deming Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Ji Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
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48
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Cui D, Zhao D, Huang S. Structural characterization of a safflower polysaccharide and its promotion effect on steroid-induced osteonecrosis in vivo. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 233:115856. [PMID: 32059907 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A water-soluble polysaccharide (SPAW) was purified from Safflower and it was identified to be (1→3)-linked β-d-Glucan. The therapeutic effect and underlying mechanism of SPAW on steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH) in a rabbit model was performed here. The abnormal histopathologic changes and apoptosis of femoral head in model group were significantly reverted after SPAW (25, 100 and 200 mg/kg) administration for 60 days, as evidenced by the a decline of empty lacunae rate, the average bone marrow fat cell size and the proportion of apoptotic cells. Furthermore, administration of SPAW significantly decreased the Bax and caspase-3 protein expression, but increased the protein expression of Bcl-2 when compared these in model rabbits. Meanwhile, increased hydroxyproline (HOP) and decreased serum hexosamine (HOM) concentration in rabbit serum were turned to the opposite way. The present study suggested that SPAW may provide an alternative treatment for the treatment of SANFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daping Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No 6 Jiefang Street, Zhongshan District, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Dewei Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No 6 Jiefang Street, Zhongshan District, Dalian 116001, China.
| | - Shibo Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No 6 Jiefang Street, Zhongshan District, Dalian 116001, China
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49
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Scott HL, Buckner N, Fernandez-Albert F, Pedone E, Postiglione L, Shi G, Allen N, Wong LF, Magini L, Marucci L, O'Sullivan GA, Cole S, Powell J, Maycox P, Uney JB. A dual druggable genome-wide siRNA and compound library screening approach identifies modulators of parkin recruitment to mitochondria. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:3285-3300. [PMID: 31911436 PMCID: PMC7062187 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic and biochemical evidence points to an association between mitochondrial dysfunction and Parkinson's disease (PD). PD-associated mutations in several genes have been identified and include those encoding PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and parkin. To identify genes, pathways, and pharmacological targets that modulate the clearance of damaged or old mitochondria (mitophagy), here we developed a high-content imaging-based assay of parkin recruitment to mitochondria and screened both a druggable genome-wide siRNA library and a small neuroactive compound library. We used a multiparameter principal component analysis and an unbiased parameter-agnostic machine-learning approach to analyze the siRNA-based screening data. The hits identified in this analysis included specific genes of the ubiquitin proteasome system, and inhibition of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2 N (UBE2N) with a specific antagonist, Bay 11-7082, indicated that UBE2N modulates parkin recruitment and downstream events in the mitophagy pathway. Screening of the compound library identified kenpaullone, an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases and glycogen synthase kinase 3, as a modulator of parkin recruitment. Validation studies revealed that kenpaullone augments the mitochondrial network and protects against the complex I inhibitor MPP+. Finally, we used a microfluidics platform to assess the timing of parkin recruitment to depolarized mitochondria and its modulation by kenpaullone in real time and with single-cell resolution. We demonstrate that the high-content imaging-based assay presented here is suitable for both genetic and pharmacological screening approaches, and we also provide evidence that pharmacological compounds modulate PINK1-dependent parkin recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Scott
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Buckner
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elisa Pedone
- Department of Engineering and Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom; School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Lorena Postiglione
- Department of Engineering and Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom; School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Gongyu Shi
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Allen
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Liang-Fong Wong
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo Magini
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Marucci
- Department of Engineering and Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom; BrisSynBio, Bristol BS8 1QU, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory A O'Sullivan
- Takeda Cambridge Ltd., Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Cole
- Takeda Ventures, Inc., 61 Aldwych, London WC2B 4A, United Kingdom
| | - Justin Powell
- Takeda Cambridge Ltd., Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Maycox
- Takeda Ventures, Inc., 61 Aldwych, London WC2B 4A, United Kingdom
| | - James B Uney
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom.
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Ohashi E, Kohno K, Arai N, Harashima A, Ariyasu T, Ushio S. Adenosine N1-Oxide Exerts Anti-inflammatory Effects through the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β Signaling Pathway and Promotes Osteogenic and Adipocyte Differentiation. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:968-976. [PMID: 31155593 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that adenosine N1-oxide (ANO), which is found in royal jelly, inhibited the secretion of inflammatory mediators by activated macrophages and reduced lethality in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxin shock. Here, we examined the regulatory mechanisms of ANO on the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, with a focus on the signaling pathways activated by toll-like receptor (TLR)4 in response to LPS. ANO inhibited both tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 secretion from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells without affecting cell proliferation. In this response, phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family members (extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, p38 and SAPK/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 was not affected by treatment with ANO. In contrast, phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473) and its downstream molecule glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) (Ser9) was up-regulated by ANO, suggesting that ANO stimulated GSK-3β phosphorylation via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. The phosphorylation of GSK-3β on Ser9 has been shown to negatively regulate the LPS-induced inflammatory response. Activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway has also been implicated in differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts and adipocytes. As expected, ANO induced alkaline phosphatase activity and promoted calcium deposition in a mouse pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cell line. The ANO-induced differentiation into osteoblasts was abrogated by coincubation with Wortmannin. Furthermore, ANO promoted insulin/dexamethasone-induced differentiation of mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes at much lower concentrations than adenosine. The protective roles of PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway in inflammatory disorders have been well documented. Our data suggest that ANO may serve as a potential candidate for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. Promotion of osteogenic and adipocyte differentiation further suggests its application for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Ohashi
- Research and Development Division, Hayashibara Co., Ltd
| | - Keizo Kohno
- Research and Development Division, Hayashibara Co., Ltd
| | - Norie Arai
- Research and Development Division, Hayashibara Co., Ltd
| | | | | | - Shimpei Ushio
- Research and Development Division, Hayashibara Co., Ltd
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