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Elnesr SS, Mahmoud BY, da Silva Pires PG, Moraes P, Elwan HAM, El-Shall NA, El-Kholy MS, Alagawany M. Trace Minerals in Laying Hen Diets and Their Effects on Egg Quality. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04121-8. [PMID: 38424327 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
With the advancement in the egg industry sector, egg quality has assumed great significance in certain countries. Enhancements in the nutritional value of eggs may have direct affirmative consequences for daily nutrient intake and therefore for human health. Thus, affirmative improvement in egg quality boosts consumer preferences for eggs. Also, the improvement in eggshell quality can avoid the disposal of broken eggs and consequently economic losses. Therefore, poultry nutrition and mineral supplements have a significant impact on egg quality. Minerals are crucial in poultry feed for a number of biological processes, including catalytic, physiologic, and structural processes. For instance, they contribute to the biological processes necessary for forming and developing eggshells. To produce high-quality eggs for sale, diets must therefore contain the right amount of minerals. This review aims to highlight the role of both organic and inorganic minerals in improving egg quality, in addition to reviewing the interactions of mineral supplements with intestinal microbiota and subsequent effects on the egg quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaaban S Elnesr
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt.
| | - Bothaina Y Mahmoud
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Paula Gabriela da Silva Pires
- Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Agronomia, Campus Do ValeAv. Bento Gonçalves, 7712 - Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Priscila Moraes
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias-CCA, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346 Itacorub, Florianopolis, SC, 88034-000, Brazil
| | - Hamada A M Elwan
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minya, 61519, Egypt
| | - Nahed Ahmed El-Shall
- Department Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, El-Beheira, 22758, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S El-Kholy
- Poultry Department, Agriculture Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Agriculture Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
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2
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Khan RU, Naz S, De Marzo D, Dimuccio MM, Bozzo G, Tufarelli V, Losacco C, Ragni M. Aloe vera: A Sustainable Green Alternative to Exclude Antibiotics in Modern Poultry Production. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 12:antibiotics12010044. [PMID: 36671245 PMCID: PMC9854562 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 50 years, there has been a rapid increase in the need for poultry meat on a global scale to meet the rising demand from health, ecology, safety and equity. However, there has been a significant rise in recent years in both public demand and scientific interest for organic poultry farming, particularly when using medicinal herbs due to the rising concern of antibiotic resistance in end users. Ban on the use of antibiotics in the poultry industry has resulted in the demand of herbs as alternatives to antibiotics. Various research efforts have illustrated the nutritional value of Aloe vera in improving growth performance and immune status and acting as an antibacterial and anticoccidial agent in poultry. Aloe vera has been used as a supplement in the form of gel, alcoholic extract, powder, polysaccharide and aqueous extract. Aloe vera contains more than 200 nutrients, bioactive compounds, polysaccharides and saponins. In the current review, we have detailed the effect of Aloe vera as an alternative to antibiotics on growth performance, antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities and blood biochemical alternations in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifat Ullah Khan
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Shabana Naz
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Davide De Marzo
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Michela M. Dimuccio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Bozzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Caterina Losacco
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Ragni
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Khan RU, Naz S, Raziq F, Qudratullah Q, Khan NA, Laudadio V, Tufarelli V, Ragni M. Prospects of organic acids as safe alternative to antibiotics in broiler chickens diet. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:32594-32604. [PMID: 35195862 PMCID: PMC9072444 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19241-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Genetically, modern broilers are fast-growing birds which attain the market age at the age of 5 weeks. To maintain optimum production, antibiotics have been commonly included in the diets as growth promoters. However, due to the increase in antimicrobial resistance, their uses have been banned worldwide. To keep the optimum level of production and health in broiler industry, the use of alternative growth promoters such as probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes, and organic acids has been proposed. Chemically, organic acids are weak acids and only partially dissociate. They are considered safe and have been used for preservation of food for centuries. Nowadays, organic acids have been reported for antibacterial, immune potentiating, and growth promoters in broilers. In this review, the effects of dietary inclusion of organic acids on growth, nutrient digestibility, intestinal integrity, immune system, and antibacterial activity in broilers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifat Ullah Khan
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shabana Naz
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Raziq
- Livestock and Dairy Development, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Qudratullah Qudratullah
- Department of Surgery and Pet Centre, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Nazir Ahmad Khan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Vito Laudadio
- Department of DETO, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Department of DETO, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
| | - Marco Ragni
- Department of Agro-Environmental and Territorial Science, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
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4
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Hamidi O, Chamani M, Ghahri H, Sadeghi AA, Malekinejad H, Palangi V. Effects of Supplemental Chromium Nanoparticles on IFN-γ expression of Heat Stress Broilers. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:339-347. [PMID: 33598892 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02634-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of present study was to investigate the beneficial effect of chromium (III) picolinate (CrPic) and chromium (III) picolinate nanoparticles (NCrPic) addition on growth performance, stress-related hormonal changes, and serum levels of various immunity biomarkers, as well as the gene expression of IFN-γ in broilers exposed to heat stress conditions. Treatments included T1 which received the basal diet with no feed additive; T2 exposed to heat stress; T3, T4, and T5 containing 500, 1000, and 1500 ppb CrPic; as well as T6, T7, and T8 containing 500, 1000, and 1500 ppb NCrPic, respectively. After 2 weeks from CrPic and NCrPic supplementation, IFN-γ mRNA expression was assayed using the RT-PCR technique. The results showed that the lower body weight, daily weight gain, daily feed intake by heat stress, and the feed conversion ratio were recovered remarkably by CrPic and NCrPic supplements. The stress-elevated levels of cortisol and immunoglobulin were reduced significantly using CrPic and NCrPic supplementation (P ≤ 0.05). The gene expression profile showed that the upregulated expression of IFN-γ was regulated by the addition of CrPic and NCrPic, in particular, to the diet; however, a full downregulation of IFN-γ expression was observed after week 2 of NCrPic supplementation. In conclusion, the results indicated that nanoparticle supplementation could be effective in reducing heat stress-induced detrimental alterations, thereby attributing to substantial changes to the immune system, including IFN-γ expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Hamidi
- Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Chamani
- Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Ghahri
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Ali Asghar Sadeghi
- Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Valiollah Palangi
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
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Khan RU, Khan A, Naz S, Ullah Q, Laudadio V, Tufarelli V, Ragni M. Potential Applications of Moringa oleifera in Poultry Health and Production as Alternative to Antibiotics: A Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1540. [PMID: 34943752 PMCID: PMC8698404 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of developing bacterial resistance and increased public awareness of health and food safety problems, the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in the chicken industry has been outlawed. This problem has spurred the poultry industry and sector to explore for safe antibiotic alternatives and to focus on developing better long-term feed management solutions in order to improve chicken health and growth. As a result, phytogenics have developed as natural antibiotic alternatives, with a lot of potential in the poultry industry. Moringa oleifera has gotten a lot of attention from researchers in the recent past as a natural product with a lot of health advantages for poultry. Moringa is known for its antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypocholesterolemic properties, as well as its capacity to activate digestive enzymes in the stomach, owing to the presence of hundreds of essential ingredients. The potential influence of M. oleifera as a natural feed supplement on overall gut health, nutritional digestibility, blood biochemical profile, antioxidant benefits, antibacterial potential, and immunological response is emphasized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifat Ullah Khan
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan; (R.U.K.); (Q.U.)
| | - Aamir Khan
- Directorate General (Research), Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Peshawar 10320, Pakistan;
| | - Shabana Naz
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Qudrat Ullah
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan; (R.U.K.); (Q.U.)
| | - Vito Laudadio
- Department of DETO, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Department of DETO, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy;
| | - Marco Ragni
- Department of Agro-Environmental and Territorial Science, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70125 Bari, Italy;
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Souza O, Adams C, Rodrigues B, Krause A, Bonamigo R, Zavarize K, Stefanello C. The Impact of Bacillus subtilis PB6 and Chromium Propionate on the Performance, Egg Quality and Nutrient Metabolizability of Layer Breeders. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3084. [PMID: 34827816 PMCID: PMC8614521 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Bacillus subtillis PB6, chromium propionate or a combination of the two on the performance, egg and eggshell quality, nutrient metabolizability and serum biochemistry of layer breeders. White Plymouth Rock and Red Rhodes Island breeder hens at 55 weeks of age were allocated in individual cages using a completely randomized block design with 16 replicates. Hens were fed control, control + probiotic (500 g/ton of Bacillus subtilis PB6), control + CrProp (50 g/ton of chromium propionate) and control + probiotic + CrProp diets from 55 to 70 weeks of age. Productive parameters and eggshell quality as well as cortisol and blood biochemistry were grouped each 28 d as well as for the overall period. The metabolizability of nutrients and energy was determined at 70 weeks of age. In the overall period, hens fed the control + probiotic or control + probiotic + CrProp diets had significantly higher egg production, egg mass, shell percentage, thickness and shell strength. The metabolizability of dry matter, nitrogen and energy increased in hens that were fed the control + probiotic + CrProp diet. In conclusion, diets supplemented with Bacillus subtillis PB6 and chromium propionate resulted in improved productive performance, eggshell quality and nutrient metabolizability of layer breeders, without modifying serum cortisol, albumin and triglycerides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otoniel Souza
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil; (O.S.); (C.A.); (B.R.)
| | - Carine Adams
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil; (O.S.); (C.A.); (B.R.)
| | - Beatriz Rodrigues
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil; (O.S.); (C.A.); (B.R.)
| | - Alexandre Krause
- Clinical Analysis Laboratory (LACVET), Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil; (A.K.); (R.B.)
| | - Renata Bonamigo
- Clinical Analysis Laboratory (LACVET), Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil; (A.K.); (R.B.)
| | - Kelen Zavarize
- Animal Nutrition and Health South America, Kemin Industries Inc., Valinhos 13279-450, Brazil;
| | - Catarina Stefanello
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil; (O.S.); (C.A.); (B.R.)
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7
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Guo S, Wang X, Wang L, Cheng G, Zhang M, Xing Y, Zhao X, Liu Y, Liu J. Inflammatory injury and mitophagy of the brain in chicken exposed to Cr(VI). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:42353-42361. [PMID: 33813707 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine whether Cr(VI) can induce inflammatory injury in chicken brain and influence mitophagy and related mechanisms. A total of 120 hyline brown chickens (1 day old, 20±3g) were selected and randomly divided into four groups and given different doses of Cr(VI) (0, 10, 30, and 50 mg/kg) every day at 45 days. Results showed that excessive intake of Cr(VI) led to increased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels and decreased interferon-gamma (IF-γ) level. Cr(VI) increased the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in chicken brain cells, causing the decline of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and formation of autophagosomes for mitophagy. In addition, Cr(VI) promoted the translocation of Parkin to the mitochondrial outer membrane, increased LC3-II protein level, and inhibited p62 and TOM20 protein expression. In conclusion, excessive Cr(VI) intake can induce inflammatory injury and mitophagy in chicken brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaozhou Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Lumei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Guodong Cheng
- Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Meihua Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yuxiao Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaona Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yongxia Liu
- Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Jianzhu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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Ognik K, Dworzański W, Sembratowicz I, Fotschki B, Cholewińska E, Listos P, Juśkiewicz J. The effect of the high-fat diet supplemented with various forms of chromium on rats body composition, liver metabolism and organ histology Cr in liver metabolism and histology of selected organs. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 64:126705. [PMID: 33383354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present study, we hypothesized that feeding rats a high-fat diet negatively affects liver metabolism and function and disturbs the histology of some internal organs. We also postulated that there is a form of chromium whose administration alleviates the negative effects of a high-fat diet in rats. METHODS To verify the hypotheses, we tested the effect of various forms of chrome (picolinate - Cr-Pic, Chromium(III)-methionine complex - Cr-Met, and chrome nanoparticles - Cr-NPs) applied in the recommended amount of 0.3 mg/kg of BW on growth parameters, body fat, liver metabolism and functional disorders, and histological parameters of selected internal organs in rats fed a standard (S) or high-fat diet (F). The experiment was conducted on 56 male outbred Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus. Cmdb:WI) randomly divided into eight experimental groups. For eight weeks the rats received a standard or high-fat diet, without Cr or with Cr at 0.3 mg/kg diet in the form of Cr-Pic, Cr-Met or Cr-NPs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The use of a F diet disrupted the lipid-carbohydrate profile, worsened liver metabolism and function, reduced the expression of hepatic PPAR-α and leaded to negative changes in the histological image of internal organs - liver, kidneys and pancreas. The 8-week use of an chromium supplement in a F diet, regardless of the form used, did not improve the ratio of fat tissue to lean tissue, worsened liver function and negatively affected on the histological image of the liver, kidneys and pancreas. However, the most negative changes in lipid-carbohydrate metabolism and liver functioning were observed with CrNPs supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Ognik
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, Lublin, 20-950, Poland
| | - Wojciech Dworzański
- Chair and Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, Lublin, 20-090, Poland
| | - Iwona Sembratowicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, Lublin, 20-950, Poland
| | - Bartosz Fotschki
- Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, Olsztyn, 10-748, Poland
| | - Ewelina Cholewińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, Lublin, 20-950, Poland.
| | - Piotr Listos
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, Lublin, 20-612, Poland
| | - Jerzy Juśkiewicz
- Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, Olsztyn, 10-748, Poland
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Effects of dietary chromium propionate on laying performance, egg quality, serum biochemical parameters and antioxidant status of laying ducks under heat stress. Animal 2020; 15:100081. [PMID: 33712205 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that chromium (Cr) could alleviate the negative effects of heat stress on livestock and poultry, but there is little information available to laying ducks. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary addition of chromium propionate on laying performance, egg quality, serum biochemical parameters and antioxidant status of laying ducks under hot (average 32 °C) and humid (average 75% relative humidity) summer conditions. A total of 900 66-week-old weight- and laying-matched Shanma laying ducks were randomly divided into five treatments, each with 6 replicates of 30 individually caged birds. The birds were fed either a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with either 200, 400, 600, or 800 μg/kg Cr as chromium propionate. All laying ducks were given feed and water ad libitum for 5 weeks. The results showed that dietary supplementation with chromium propionate significantly increased the laying rate and yolk colour score (P < 0.05). Treatment with 400 μg/kg Cr as chromium propionate significantly decreased the feed/egg ratio by 5.4% (P < 0.05). Increased supplemental Cr from 0 to 800 μg/kg resulted in an increase in albumen height and the Haugh unit linearly (P < 0.05). Increased supplemental Cr decreased serum cortisol (P < 0.001, linear; P = 0.008, quadratic), heat shock protein-70 (P < 0.001, linear; P = 0.007, quadratic) and glucose (P = 0.007, linear), whereas it increased serum insulin (P = 0.011, Linear), total protein (P = 0.006, linear; P = 0.048, quadratic) and albumin (P = 0.035, linear; P = 0.088, quadratic). Dietary Cr levels increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, the total antioxidant capacity linearly and quadratically (P < 0.05). A linear and quadratic (P < 0.05) decrease of the malondialdehyde concentrations in response to dietary Cr level was observed. These results indicated that dietary supplementation of Cr as chromium propionate, particularly at 800 μg/kg could beneficially affect the laying rate, egg quality and antioxidant function, as well as modulate the blood biochemical parameters of laying ducks under heat stress conditions.
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10
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Stępniowska A, Tutaj K, Drażbo A, Kozłowski K, Ognik K, Jankowski J. Estimated intestinal absorption of phosphorus and its deposition in chosen tissues, bones and feathers of chickens receiving chromium picolinate or chromium nanoparticles in diet. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242820. [PMID: 33237949 PMCID: PMC7688154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine whether the level and form of Cr in the diet of chickens influences its accumulation in tissues as well as intestinal absorption of P and its deposition in tissues. The experiment was carried out on 405 one-day-old male Ross 308 chickens that were randomly divided into five treatment groups. Control group was fed the diet without supplemental chromium; experimental groups were fed the diet with 3 or 6 mg/kg chromium picolinate (Cr-Pic) and with 3 or 6 mg/kg chromium nanoparticles (Cr-NP). Chromium was found to accumulate in the tissues of the ileum, liver, breast muscle, bones skin and in feathers of chickens. Chromium deposited in the ileum of chickens does not affect the ex vivo estimated intestinal absorption of P. The use of Cr in the diet of chickens carries the risk of lowering P levels in femur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stępniowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Krzysztof Tutaj
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Drażbo
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kozłowski
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ognik
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jan Jankowski
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
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11
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Hassan S, Hassan FU, Rehman MSU. Nano-particles of Trace Minerals in Poultry Nutrition: Potential Applications and Future Prospects. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 195:591-612. [PMID: 31473896 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01862-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Nano-technology is an emerging technology with tremendous potential and diverse applications in human health, agriculture, and animal nutrition. It also offers potential advantages in supporting research in many areas of life sciences. Nano-technology has many vital biological applications as living systems depend on many nano-scale objects like proteins, DNA, and enzymes. Trace minerals are normally used in very minute quantity in animal nutrition but issues like lower bioavailability, antagonism, and higher excretion rates from body limit their efficiency. Nano-technology offers opportunity to mediate these issues as nano-particles possess different physical and chemical properties than other forms of minerals. Nano-particles possess higher physical activity and chemical neutrality. Bioavailability can be enhanced by increasing the surface area of respective minerals by making their nano-particles. Owing to potential advantages of nano-particles, interest in exploring their potential use and efficacy in animal production has increased significantly in this decade. Although limited literature is available regarding potential effects of nano-particles in poultry nutrition, still some convincing evidences have suggested the feeding of trace minerals (zinc, copper, silver, selenium, iron, chromium, and manganese) in the diets of broilers, layers, turkeys, quails, etc. Excellent antimicrobial activities of nano-particles of Ag, Cu, and Zn, against key poultry pathogens like Salmonella and Campylobacter, indicate their potential for effective use in poultry production. Recent studies have also demonstrated modulation of gut health by nano-particle through increasing abundance of beneficial microbes (Lactobacillus and Faecalibacterium) and production of short-chain fatty acids. This review aims to provide insights on absorption, metabolism, and distribution of nano-minerals in the body. Moreover, potential applications and various aspects of using nano-trace minerals in different poultry species with potential effects on performance and health of birds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safdar Hassan
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Faiz-Ul Hassan
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Saif-Ur Rehman
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
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Ognik K, Drażbo A, Stępniowska A, Kozłowski K, Listos P, Jankowski J. The effect of chromium nanoparticles and chromium picolinate in broiler chicken diet on the performance, redox status and tissue histology. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Xueting L, Rehman MU, Mehmood K, Huang S, Tian X, Wu X, Zhou D. Ameliorative effects of nano-elemental selenium against hexavalent chromium-induced apoptosis in broiler liver. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:15609-15615. [PMID: 29572744 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1758-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined the ameliorative effects of nano-elemental selenium (Nano-Se) against chromium-VI (K2Cr2O7)-induced apoptosis in chickens. The expression of apoptosis-related genes was evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot. A total of 60, one-day-old broiler chickens allotted to six equal groups, i.e., control group (standard diet), Cr(VI)-exposed group (K2Cr2O7 via drinking water), Nano-Se group (Nano-Se at 0.5 mg/kg via diet), protection group (K2Cr2O7 + Nano-Se), cure group (K2Cr2O7 for initial 2 weeks and then Nano-Se), and prevention group (opposite to the cure group) and were detected by the activities of pro-apoptosis (Bax, Caspase-3) and anti-apoptosis (Bcl-2) genes expression at day 35 of the experiment. Intense apoptosis was observed in liver tissues of chickens exposed to K2Cr2O7. The Nano-Se supplementation caused a significant decrease (P < 0.01) in the mRNA expression levels of Bax and Caspase-3 genes, while significantly elevated (P < 0.05) mRNA expression level of Bcl-2 gene was observed in Nano-Se experimental groups as compare to control and Cr(VI)-exposed group. The results quantified by the RT-qPCR were further confirmed by the western blot analysis. Altogether, these results suggest anti-apoptotic effects of Nano-Se in the chicken liver, which is interesting for further study. The present findings suggested that Nano-Se has protective effects against K2Cr2O7-induced apoptosis in broilers liver and can serve a key role as a protective agent against apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Xueting
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mujeeb Ur Rehman
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- University College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shucheng Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxing Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghai Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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Karami M, Torki M, Mohammadi H. Effects of dietary supplemental chromium methionine, zinc oxide, and ascorbic acid on performance, egg quality traits, and blood parameters of laying hens subjected to heat stress. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2018.1481411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mozhdeh Karami
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mehran Torki
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
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Sedgh-Gooya S, Torki M. Influence of dietary supplemental chromium and magnesium on performance and metabolic parameters of laying hens subjected to heat stress. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2018.1535436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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In vivo effects of Allium cepa L. on the selected gut microflora and intestinal histomorphology in broiler. Acta Histochem 2017; 119:446-450. [PMID: 28495367 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of onion (Allium cepa L.,) on the performance, gut microflora and intestinal histomorphology of broiler chicks. Three hundred and twenty day old broiler chicks (Ross) were randomly divided into four groups as A, B, C and D. Group A served as control without any supplementation, group B, C and D was supplemented with onion powder at the rate of 1.5, 2 and 2.5g/kg of feed respectively. Supplementation of onion significantly (P<0.05) increased weight gain and feed consumption. Supplementation of onion showed a significant (P<0.05) reduction in the population of E. coli and increased significantly Lactobacillus and Streptococcus species. Onion supplementation significantly (P<0.05) increased the morphometry of length, width, crypt depth and surface area of the villus in duodenum, jejunum and ileum of the small intestine. In conclusion, onion supplementation in broiler produced a positive effect on performance, gut microflora and intestinal histomorphology.
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Aloupi M, Karagianni A, Kazantzidis S, Akriotis T. Heavy Metals in Liver and Brain of Waterfowl from the Evros Delta, Greece. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 72:215-234. [PMID: 28074227 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-016-0349-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of six heavy metals (cadmium [Cd], chromium [Cr], copper [Cu], manganese [Mn], lead [Pb], and zinc [Zn]) were determined in liver and brain of nine species of waterfowl from the Evros Delta, one of the most important wetlands in Greece, to assess metal contamination and potential risk to waterfowl. Significant differences among species were found for hepatic Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn; the highest levels of all metals were found in liver of mute swans. Cd increased significantly with age in both organs of wigeon; some differences were also observed between males and females of the same species. Feeding habits were found to significantly affect hepatic Cr, Zn, and Cu concentrations with greater concentrations found in herbivorous than omnivorous species. Several significant positive correlations between metals were detected mainly in liver samples, which were attributable either to their association to metallothioneins or to common routes of exposure of waterfowl. Hepatic and cerebral concentrations of Cd and Pb correlated positively. Given the discrepancies in the thresholds or critical levels of metals in tissues of waterfowl, our survey showed that environmental exposure to increased levels of heavy metals may threaten, at least to some degree, the populations of waterfowl wintering in the Evros Delta. In a small percentage of birds, values indicative of severe adverse effects were determined. Swans that had been found dead showed some of the highest values, whereas accumulation levels did not follow a consistent pattern among the ducks examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Aloupi
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of the Aegean, 81100, Mytilene, Greece.
| | - Asimina Karagianni
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of the Aegean, 81100, Mytilene, Greece
| | - Savas Kazantzidis
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization DEMETER, Forest Research Institute, Vassilika, 57006, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Madej JP, Nowaczyk RM, Janeczek M, Chrószcz A, Korczyński M. The effect of dietary supplementation with chromium-enriched soya meal on lymphatic cells in caecal tonsil of laying hens. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Salgado JM, Abrunhosa L, Venâncio A, Domínguez JM, Belo I. Enhancing the Bioconversion of Winery and Olive Mill Waste Mixtures into Lignocellulolytic Enzymes and Animal Feed by Aspergillus uvarum Using a Packed-Bed Bioreactor. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:9306-9314. [PMID: 26165254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Wineries and olive oil industries are dominant agro-industrial activities in southern European regions. Olive pomace, exhausted grape marc, and vine shoot trimmings are lignocellulosic residues generated by these industries, which could be valued biotechnologically. In the present work these residues were used as substrate to produce cellulases and xylanases through solid-state fermentation using Aspergillus uvarum MUM 08.01. For that, two factorial designs (3(2)) were first planned to optimize substrate composition, temperature, and initial moisture level. Subsequently, the kinectics of cellulolytic enzyme production, fungal growth, and fermented solid were characterized. Finally, the process was performed in a packed-bed bioreactor. The results showed that cellulase activity improved with the optimization processes, reaching 33.56 U/g, and with the packed-bed bioreactor aeration of 0.2 L/min, reaching 38.51 U/g. The composition of fermented solids indicated their potential use for animal feed because cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and phenolic compounds were partially degraded 28.08, 10.78, 13.3, and 28.32%, respectively, crude protein was increased from 8.47 to 17.08%, and the mineral contents meet the requirements of main livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Salgado
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho , Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Luís Abrunhosa
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho , Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Armando Venâncio
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho , Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - José Manuel Domínguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sciences Faculty, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense) , As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Isabel Belo
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho , Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Liu M, Liu Y, Cheng Z, Liu J, Chai T. Effects of chromic chloride on chick embryo fibroblast viability. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:555-562. [PMID: 28962390 PMCID: PMC5598472 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of chromic chloride (CrCl3) on chick embryo fibroblast (CEF) viability. The cells were incubated with CrCl3 (0.02, 0.1, 0.5, 2.5, 12.5, and 62.5 μM), and the viability was determined using MTT assay, morphological detection and flow cytometry. The results show that lower concentrations of CrCl3 (0.02, 0.1, and 0.5 μM) did not damage CEF viability. At 0.1 μM, CrCl3 can increase CEF viability (P < 0.05). However, at higher concentrations of CrCl3 (2.5, 12.5, and 62.5 μM), the number of apoptotic and necrotic cells (P < 0.01) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (P < 0.01) increased. In addition, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (P < 0.01) and enhanced intracellular calcium levels (P < 0.01) were observed after the exposure. Moreover, apoptotic morphological changes induced by these processes in CEF were confirmed using Hoechst 33258 staining. Cell death induced by higher concentrations of CrCl3 was caused by an apoptotic and a necrotic mechanism, whereas the main mechanism of oxidative stress and induced mitochondrial dysfunction was apoptotic death. The induced apoptotic death in CEF is concentration- and time-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yanhan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Jianzhu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Tongjie Chai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
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