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Daliana Nik Farid N, Aziz N, Jalaludin MY, Majid HA. A Longitudinal Study of Psychological Distress Among Youth in Peninsular Malaysia and Associated Factors. Asia Pac J Public Health 2024:10105395241273106. [PMID: 39158029 DOI: 10.1177/10105395241273106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of mental health problems among youth worldwide is alarming and a public health concern. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of psychological distress (PD) among youth at two time points, ages 15 and 20 years, and to identify groups that are particularly vulnerable to PD. Utilizing data from the Malaysian Health and Adolescents Longitudinal Research Team study, we analyzed a cohort of 416 participants who underwent mental health assessments in both 2014 and 2019/2020. The prevalence of PD increased significantly between the ages of 15 (15.9%) and 20 (34.6%) years. Factors such as parental mental health problems, Indian and other ethnicity, lower maternal education attainment, and alcohol consumption were significantly associated with PD in youth. This study underscores the importance of increasing access to mental health care while improving surveillance and prevention programs to protect youth's psychosocial well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nik Daliana Nik Farid
- Center for Population Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nuraini Aziz
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Hazreen Abdul Majid
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Health Sciences University, Parkwood Campus, Bournemouth, UK
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Carollo A, De Marzo S, Esposito G. Parental care and overprotection predict worry and anxiety symptoms in emerging adult students. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 248:104398. [PMID: 39025031 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders represent a prevalent mental health concern, with escalating rates, especially among emerging adults. University students, in particular, face a myriad of academic and life stressors that can amplify feelings of worry and anxiety. While early parental bonding seem to predict anxiety disorders later in life, the applicability to emerging adult students and its applicability to predict sub-clinical and transdiagnostic anxiety features remain unclear. This study aims to examine i) the relationship between demographic variables and key features of anxiety disorders (i.e., worry and anxiety symptoms); and ii) the predictive association between early parental bonding and anxiety-related features. A sample of 370 university students in Italy (n = 279 females; M age = 20.84 years, SD age = 1.81 years) completed the Parental Bonding Instrument, the Penn State Worry Questionnaire, and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Females reported higher levels of worry and anxiety compared to males. Significantly higher worry and anxiety symptoms were reported by individuals who experienced affectionless control (low care and high overprotection) as compared to those exposed to optimal parenting (high care and low overprotection). Predictive models indicated that scores of parental care (i.e., the principal component between maternal and paternal care scores) and parental overprotection (i.e., the principal component between maternal and paternal overprotection scores) are robust predictors of worry and anxiety symptoms. However, this relationship showed a gender-specific pattern: lower parental care was more significant in predicting anxiety features in males, while high overprotection was more significant in females. The findings contribute to the comprehension of the risk factors influencing the susceptibility of emerging adult students to anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Carollo
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Sonia De Marzo
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy.
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Lai YJ, Tsai EY, Jarustanaput P, Wu YS, Chen YH, O’Leary SE, Manachevakul S, Zhang Y, Shen J, Wang Y. Optimism and mental health in college students: the mediating role of sleep quality and stress. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1403146. [PMID: 39081373 PMCID: PMC11286569 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1403146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective College students showed a high prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression, with medical and nursing students experiencing particularly elevated levels of mental health challenges.Optimism significantly influences overall well-being by promoting a healthy lifestyle and cognitive responses. However, the association of optimism with sleep quality, stress, and mental health in college students remains unexplored. This study aimed to (1) explore the associations of optimism with sleep quality, stress, and mental health and (2) ascertain whether sleep quality and stress mediate the association between optimism and mental health among college students. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using online surveys with students from health science majors at a public university in the northeast United States from September to December 2022. A total of 222 students participated in the study, providing data on sociodemographics, optimism, sleep quality, stress, anxiety, and depression. Parallel and serial mediation models were utilized to examine the potential mediating roles of sleep quality and stress in the association between optimism and mental health. Results The study found that optimism influences anxiety and depression through both direct and indirect pathways. In line with predictions, the parallel mediation analysis revealed that the impact of optimism on anxiety (βtotal = -0.598, 95% confident interval [CI]: -0.778 to -0.392) and depression (βtotal = -0.724, 95% CI: -0.919 to -0.519) was mediated by stress and sleep quality. Furthermore, the serial mediation models revealed that stress and sleep quality co-mediated the relationship betweenoptimism and anxiety (indirect effect [IE] = -0.074, 95% CI: -0.135 to -0.029) or depression (IE = -0.084, 95% CI: -0.142 to -0.036) in a sequential manner. Conclusion Optimism was negatively correlated with poor sleep quality, stress, anxiety, and depression. Enhanced optimism was linked to high sleep quality and less stress, anxiety, and depression. These insights emphasize the potential for school-based optimism interventions to improve sleep quality, ameliorate stress-related concerns, and alleviate mental health challenges in college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ju Lai
- School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - En-Yun Tsai
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ploypapus Jarustanaput
- School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Yi-Syuan Wu
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hau Chen
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Samantha E. O’Leary
- School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Sumatchara Manachevakul
- School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Jiabin Shen
- Department of Psychology, College of Fine Arts, Humanities & Social Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Psychology, College of Fine Arts, Humanities & Social Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
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Bahrami G, Mohammadifard N, Haghighatdoost F, Emamjomeh A, Najafi F, Farshidi H, Lotfizadeh M, Kazemi T, Shafiei S, Roohafza H, Sabri M, Sarrafzadegan N. The association between soft drinks consumption and risk of mental disorders among Iranian adults: The LIPOKAP study. J Affect Disord 2024; 363:8-14. [PMID: 39019222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE With rising demand for soft drinks (SDs) in low-income countries, studies examining mental disorders in relation to SDs are rather scarce. Therefore, we aimed to explore this association in a sample of Iranian adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out within the framework of the multi-centric LIPOKAP project, with 1970 Iranian healthy adults. Dietary intake and symptoms of depression and anxiety were collected using validated, Persian versions of a food frequency questionnaire and a Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), respectively. Artificial juices were considered fruit-flavored carbonated sugar beverages, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) included fruit-flavored carbonated sugar beverages and carbonated colas, and soft drinks included SSB and drinks containing non-nutritive sweeteners. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 39.8 ± 13.9 years. Compared to lower intake, higher intake of SDs (OR = 1.30, 95 % CI: 1.01, 1.69; P = 0.041), SSBs (OR = 1.30, 95 % CI: 1.00, 1.67; P = 0.045) and artificial juice (OR = 1.63, 95 % CI: 1.24, 2.13; P < 0.001) was associated with higher risk of depression in adjusted model. These associations were sex-specific and more evident in males. No significant association was found between any of the drinks and anxiety risk except for artificial juice in men which was directly associated with anxiety risk (OR = 1.66, 95 % CI: 1.06, 2.61; P = 0.028). CONCLUSION This study found a positive association between SDs, SSBs and artificial juice and depression, but not anxiety. These associations varied between men and women. Prospective cohort studies are warranted to confirm our results and reveal the causal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Bahrami
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Noushin Mohammadifard
- Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Haghighatdoost
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Ali Emamjomeh
- Heart Failure Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farid Najafi
- Research Center for Environmental determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hossein Farshidi
- Hormozgan Cardiovascular Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandarabbas, Iran
| | - Masoud Lotfizadeh
- School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Tooba Kazemi
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Sania Shafiei
- Heart Failure Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Roohafza
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Sabri
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Faculty of Medicine, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Liyanage G, Rajapakshe DPRW, Wijayaratna DR, Jayakody JAIP, Gunaratne KAMC, Alagiyawanna AMADK. Psychological distress and sleep quality among Sri Lankan medical students during an economic crisis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304338. [PMID: 38917140 PMCID: PMC11198848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the evidence of the prevalence of psychological distress and poor sleep among medical students and its associations during an economic crisis. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire. It included the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS This study included medical undergraduates from a large metropolitan university in Sri Lanka. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES We assessed the prevalence of psychological distress, sleep quality, and factors associated with psychological distress. To evaluate the associations, we used logistic regression. RESULTS The majority (69.2%) had some form of distress (depression, anxiety or stress), while 23% had distress in all three. Anxiety was the most prevalent (50.7%). Poor sleep quality was reported in 41%. The highest contribution to global PSQI was from sleep latency, duration, and daytime dysfunction subscales. In bivariate analysis, sleep quality was directly related to depression (t245.65 = -6.75, p<0.001)., anxiety (t313.45 = -6.45, p <0.001), and stress (t94.22 = -5.14, p <0.001). In multinomial logistic regression models, sleep quality was independently associated with depression, anxiety and stress. In addition, frequent contact with friends was inversely associated with depression and anxiety. Also, social media use was inversely linked to depression, anxiety and stress. Clinical-year students had lower depression and anxiety than non-clinical students. Engaging in mindfulness activities was inversely associated with depression. However, models explained only a moderate amount of variance (Nagelkerke R-squared values were 0.21, 0.18, and 0.13 for depression, anxiety and stress, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Poor sleep quality and psychological distress are high among the undergraduates. The findings emphasize the importance of addressing sleep quality and psychological wellbeing in medical undergraduates. Further research with larger and more diverse samples is needed for a more comprehensive understanding of the factors associated with psychological distress among undergraduates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guwani Liyanage
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Paediatrics, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | | | - D. R. Wijayaratna
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - J. A. I. P. Jayakody
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | | | - A. M. A. D. K. Alagiyawanna
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Community Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
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Wang Y. An interactive online educational environment to reduce anxiety, improve emotional well-being, and critical thinking for college students. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 248:104347. [PMID: 38880021 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Interactive education can reduce anxiety among students by creating a supportive and supportive learning environment. This approach can also stimulate critical thinking, as it requires active student participation in debates, analysis, and discussions. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of interactive learning on Zoom on the anxiety, emotional well-being, and critical thinking of college students. The experiment involved 80 college students between 18 and 21 years of age. The research was performed by scientists from the [Zhengzhou University of Technology] University. To analyze the impact of the proposed strategy on emotional and cognitive well-being, the study used a set of questionnaires, namely Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale, WAM (Well-being Assessment Measure), and Subjective Questionnaire for assessing critical thinking. The obtained results confirm the effectiveness of the interactive learning methodology, which significantly reduced anxiety and increased the level of critical thinking among students. Anxiety decreased by 14 points, and critical thinking improved by 2.5 points, indicating positive dynamics of psychological and cognitive development. Despite the positive results, some contextual factors such as the level of the learning environment, cultural characteristics, and the personalities of students can influence the generalization of the findings. These findings can have practical application in the pedagogical practice of creating a favorable learning environment. Future research may focus on improving the methodology of interactive learning, studying its impact on other aspects of learning and development. It is also necessary to explore the use of interactive learning in various cultural and educational contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Wang
- School of Basic Science, Zhengzhou University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China.
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Sifre N, Deringer R, Prapkree L, Palacios C. Disordered Eating Attitudes and Their Association with Age, BMI, Stress, and Diet in College Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:766. [PMID: 38929012 PMCID: PMC11204199 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE College students are at risk of disordered eating, particularly students with overweight/obesity and with higher stress, but little is known about how disordered eating may be related to diet. This study evaluated the associations between the Disordered Eating Attitudes Scale (DEAS) and age, BMI, stress, and diet. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of the baseline data in participants from the Snackability Trial. Participants completed a questionnaire on socio-demographics, DEAS, and snacking, self-reported their weight and height (to calculate BMI), and completed two 24 h non-consecutive dietary recalls (to calculate diet quality using HEI-2015 and snack quality score using an algorithm developed by our group). Associations between variables were assessed with Spearman correlations. RESULTS A total of 140 participants completed all assessments. The median age was 21.0 and the median BMI was 28.5 kg/m2 (43.7% had overweight and 41.5% had obesity). A total of 86.4% were females, 41.4% were white, 51.4% were low-income, and 30.7% were Hispanic/Latino. The total DEAS and the subscale 'Relationship with food' were positively correlated with stress and BMI (p < 0.05) but inversely correlated with HEI-2015 (p < 0.05). The subscales 'Restrictive and compensatory behaviors' and 'Concern about food and weight gain' were also positively correlated with stress (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION College students with higher disordered eating attitudes also had higher stress and BMI but poorer diet quality. Interventions may be needed for this group to manage stress and improve weight and diet quality, as well as promote awareness about disordered eating attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cristina Palacios
- Dietetics and Nutrition Department, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA; (N.S.)
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Zhang X, Dou Z, Yang F, Luo L, Yang J. Exploring the relationship between sleep patterns and depression among Chinese middle school students: a focus on sleep quality vs. sleep duration. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1383884. [PMID: 38903579 PMCID: PMC11188449 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1383884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to explore the relationship between sleep patterns and depressive symptoms among adolescents, examining variations in depressive symptoms across different sleep qualities, durations, and habits. Method A cross-sectional survey was conducted, gathering data from 8,775 Chinese adolescents on their demographics, lifestyle habits, sleep quality and duration, and depressive symptoms. The association between sleep parameters and depressive symptoms was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Findings The findings reveal a significant correlation between sleep quality/duration and depressive symptoms. Specifically, adolescents with poor sleep quality had higher depressive scores (mean score = 14.62, standard deviation = 5.71), significantly exceeding those with better sleep quality (mean score = 11.54, standard deviation = 4.69). Adolescents with shorter sleep duration also showed significantly higher depressive scores than those with moderate sleep duration. Importantly, adolescents experiencing both poor sleep quality and shorter sleep duration were at a significantly increased risk of depressive symptoms (OR = 4.04, 95% CI: 3.53-4.62, P < 0.001). Further analysis indicated that older age and lower family economic status were independent predictors of a higher risk of adolescent depression (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.08-1.38, P = 0.001), whereas factors such as gender, ethnicity, residence, being an only child, and parental education levels were not statistically significant. Conclusion Among Chinese adolescents, poor sleep quality and shorter sleep duration are independent predictors of higher depressive symptom scores. Adolescents experiencing both of these conditions simultaneously have a significantly increased risk of depressive symptoms. Furthermore, older age and lower family economic status are also significantly related to an increased risk of depression in adolescents. These findings emphasize the importance of improving sleep quality and optimizing sleep duration for the prevention of adolescent depression. They also suggest the need for a comprehensive approach that addresses the multifaceted factors influencing adolescent mental health, including sleep patterns and socioeconomic disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinkai Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Shandong Sport University, Rizhao, China
| | - Zhaobo Dou
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China
| | - Fengying Yang
- School of Sport and Health, Shandong Sport University, Rizhao, China
| | - Lin Luo
- School of Physical Education, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Sport and Health, Shandong Sport University, Rizhao, China
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Jacobs W, Qin W, Riley TN, Parker ES, Owora AH, Leventhal A. Race/ethnic differences in the association of anxiety, depression, and discrimination with subsequent nicotine and cannabis use among young adults: A prospective longitudinal study. Addict Behav 2024; 153:107979. [PMID: 38394958 PMCID: PMC11152197 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.107979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The shifting patterns in nicotine and cannabis use among young adults is taking place at a time when there is also increased reports of psychosocial stressors such as anxiety, depression, and everyday discrimination. Although race/ethnicity has been found to moderate the impact of psychosocial stressors, there is limited research examining the association of anxiety, depression, and discrimination with patterns of nicotine and/or cannabis product use among diverse young adults. METHODS Data were from a longitudinal study of 2478 US young adults surveyed between 2019 and 2021. General estimating equation models were used to examine associations of self-reported psychological symptoms (depression, anxiety) and social stressors (discrimination) with substance use (any nicotine and cannabis product use; nicotine and cannabis vaping). RESULTS Young adults from different racial/ethnic groups differed significantly in their depression and discrimination scores with young adults of color having higher mean scores. Overall, higher depression and everyday discrimination score was associated with increased odds of past 6-month use of any nicotine/tobacco and cannabis products. Higher generalized anxiety score increased odds of any nicotine/tobacco and dual nicotine and cannabis product use. Higher everyday discrimination score was associated with increased odds nicotine and cannabis vaping overall. Stratified models showed variation in associations among different racial/ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS Psychosocial stressors are associated with increased substance use odds among young adults. However, these stressors have a differential impact on substance use odds among young adults from different racial/ethnic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wura Jacobs
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University, United States.
| | - Weisiyu Qin
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University, United States.
| | - Tennisha N Riley
- Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology, Indiana University, United States.
| | - Erik S Parker
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, United States.
| | - Arthur H Owora
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, United States.
| | - Adam Leventhal
- Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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Alghamdi A, Syed W, Samarkandi OA, Albalawi MM, Alsulaihim IN, Almutairi SM, Al-Rawi MBA. Exploring the Educational Social and Physical Activities Among Health Care Undergraduates - a Cross-Sectional Study Among Saudi Students. Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e943399. [PMID: 38797985 PMCID: PMC11141300 DOI: 10.12659/msm.943399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The time spent on diverse social, physical, and educational activities among healthcare undergraduates (HCUs) tremendously impacts their academic and personal lives. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the social, physical, and educational activities among HCUs at King Saud University (KSU) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (SA). MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional, self-prepared, and pre-tested e-questionnaire (electronic questionnaire) based study using a convenience sampling design in a university in SA from August 21 to November 21, 2023 was conducted to assess their various activities outside of classes, using a 16-item e-questionnaire to investigate time spent on social (4 items), physical (3 items), and educational activities (3 items). RESULTS A total of 452 HCUs completed the e-questionnaires, giving a response rate of 92.62%. Of them, 50.45% were females, the median age was 23 years, and 32.08% (n=145) were medical undergraduates. About 57% of the HCUs spent 1-2 h per day on educational activities during the day, while 32.7% of the HCUs spent 2 h per day on social media, and 62.6% spent 3-4 h per day with family. The findings revealed that the 140 females spent significantly more time (1-2 h) reading and writing compared to the 117 male HCUs (P=0.001). Age was found to be associated with time spent on education by HCUs (P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings among HCUs show that most spend a significant amount of time on educational activities during the day. Undergraduates also spend time with their families and participate in other social activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alya Alghamdi
- Community and Mental Health Nursing Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wajid Syed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A. Samarkandi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Prince Sultan College for Emergency Medical Services, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Albalawi
- Prince Sultan College for Emergency Medical Services, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shogair Mshal Almutairi
- Prince Sultan College for Emergency Medical Services, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood Basil A. Al-Rawi
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Cañón Buitrago SC, Pérez Agudelo JM, Narváez Marín M, Montoya Hurtado OL, Bermúdez Jaimes GI. Predictive model of suicide risk in Colombian university students: quantitative analysis of associated factors. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1291299. [PMID: 38855643 PMCID: PMC11157033 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1291299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The risk of suicide and completed suicides among young university students presents critical challenges to mental and public health in Colombia and worldwide. Employing a quantifiable approach to comprehend the factors associated with these challenges can aid in visualizing the path towards anticipating and controlling this phenomenon. Objective Develop a predictive model for suicidal behavior in university students, utilizing predictive analytics. Method We conducted an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional, and analytical research study at the University of Manizales, with a focus on predictive applicability. Data from 2,436 undergraduate students were obtained from the research initiative "Building the Future: World Mental Health Surveys International College Students." Results The top ten predictor variables that generated the highest scores (ranking coefficients) for the sum of factors were as follows: history of sexual abuse (13.21), family history of suicide (11.68), medication (8.39), type of student (7.4), origin other than Manizales (5.86), exposure to cannabis (4.27), exposure to alcohol (4.42), history of physical abuse (3.53), religiosity (2.9), and having someone in the family who makes you feel important (3.09). Discussion Suicide involves complex factors within psychiatric, medical, and societal contexts. Integrated detection and intervention systems involving individuals, families, and governments are crucial for addressing these factors. Universities also play a role in promoting coping strategies and raising awareness of risks. The predictive accuracy of over 80% in identifying suicide risk underscores its significance. Conclusion The risk factors related to suicidal behavior align with the findings in specialized literature and research in the field. Identifying variables with higher predictive value enables us to take appropriate actions for detecting cases and designing and implementing prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Constanza Cañón Buitrago
- Medical Research Group - Medicine Program - Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manizales, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
| | - Juan Manuel Pérez Agudelo
- Medical Research Group - Medicine Program - Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manizales, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
| | - Mariela Narváez Marín
- Clinical Psychology and Health Processes Group, Psychology Program, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, Manizales University, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
| | - Olga Lucia Montoya Hurtado
- Human Abilities, Health, and Inclusion Group - Physiotherapy - Research Department, Colombian School of Rehabilitation, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
| | - Gloria Isabel Bermúdez Jaimes
- Human Abilities, Health, and Inclusion Group - Research Department, Colombian School of Rehabilitation, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
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12
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Biswas MM, Das KC, Sheikh I. Psychological implications of unemployment among higher educated migrant youth in Kolkata City, India. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10171. [PMID: 38702409 PMCID: PMC11068866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60958-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mental health issues are intricately linked to socioeconomic background, employment and migration status. However, there remains a gap in understanding the mental health challenges faced by graduate youth in India, particularly in Kolkata City. This study aims to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among higher-educated migrant youth. A survey was conducted on four hundred migrant graduate youths aged 21-35 residing in Kolkata. Measures included socio-demographics and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression were employed to identify factors associated with mental health issues. The overall prevalence rates were 54.4% for depression, 61.8% for anxiety, and 47.9% for stress. Unemployed youths exhibited significantly more symptoms of depression and anxiety than their employed counter parts. The logistic regression model showed that unemployed youth, female sex, never married, and second- and third-time migrant youths were risk factors for high scores on the DASS-21. This study showed that mental health issues were alarming in the higher educated migrant youth. The study suggests the implementation of skill-based, job-oriented, and professional courses at the graduation level to prevent graduates from being rendered unproductive and jobless. Beside these, regular psychological support should be provided to the higher educated youth by the local governments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohai Menul Biswas
- Department of Migration and Urban Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, India.
| | - Kailas Chandra Das
- Department of Migration and Urban Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, India
| | - Illias Sheikh
- Department of Extra Mural Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, India
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Fukuie T, Inoue K, Yamaguchi A. Lifestyle Elements for Improving Mental and Physical Health in Japanese University Students: Subjective Sleep Quality is a Common Key Factor. Am J Lifestyle Med 2024; 18:303-312. [PMID: 38737879 PMCID: PMC11082857 DOI: 10.1177/15598276231156546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to reveal the key lifestyle elements that improve physical and mental health in university students by focusing on physical activity, nutrition, and sleep. This cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2021 and December 2021. The participants were 290 first-year students (mean age, 18.63 ± .63 years; age range, 18 to 23; 198 female). The outcomes were daily step counts measured using accelerometers, dietary intake by nutrient category, sleep duration, subjective sleep quality, exercise frequency and duration by exercise type, screen time, depression level, and subjective fatigue by body part. Depression and subjective eye fatigue represent mental and physical health outcomes. Subjective sleep quality predicted depression (β = -1.22, P < .001) and eye fatigue (β = -.23, P < .01) in the path analysis. Participants with higher subjective sleep quality performed more frequent aerobic exercise (P < .01), longer session times of physical relaxation exercise (P < .05), and shorter screen time (P < .05). Subjective sleep quality could be a key factor for high mental and physical health. Furthermore, performing aerobic and relaxation exercises and reducing screen time are important for improving the subjective sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takemune Fukuie
- School of Nursing and Social Services, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-gun, Japan
| | - Koshiro Inoue
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-gun, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yamaguchi
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-gun, Japan
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Hariyani N, Maulina T, Nair R. The Association between Dental Pain and Psychological Symptoms: Evidence from a Population-Based Study in Indonesia. Eur J Dent 2024; 18:563-570. [PMID: 37995728 PMCID: PMC11132778 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1774320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of dental pain and its association with psychological symptoms: stress and depression. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 2014 Indonesia Family Life Survey data were used for the abovementioned purposes. Records of self-reported dental pain and stress as well as the occurrence of depression based on the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale were analyzed. Multivariable ordinal regression models were fitted to test the hypothesized associations between dental pain and each of the psychological symptoms, controlling for age, sex, education, wealth, and religiosity. RESULTS Dental pain prevalence among Indonesian population was approximately 15%. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) from the ordinal regression models indicated that dental pain was related to the increase of the stress and depression level (OR: 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14-1.49 and OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.41-1.79, respectively). Higher education, higher wealth, and being male are risk factors for stress. However, higher wealth and being male are protective factors for depression. Furthermore, higher religious level was a protective factor for both stress and depression. CONCLUSION Dental pain was associated with a higher level of stress and a higher score of depression, even after being adjusted with age, sex, education, wealth, and religiosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninuk Hariyani
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tantry Maulina
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Biomedical Science Program, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Dentistry - Quality and Safety of Oral Healthcare, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rahul Nair
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Dentistry - Quality and Safety of Oral Healthcare, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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15
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Mofatteh M, Mashayekhi MS, Arfaie S, Chen Y, Malhotra AK, Skandalakis GP, Alvi MA, Afshari FT, Meshkat S, Lin F, Abdulla E, Anand A, Liao X, McIntyre RS, Santaguida C, Weber MH, Fehlings MG. Anxiety and Depression in Pediatric-Onset Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review. World Neurosurg 2024; 184:267-282.e5. [PMID: 38143027 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) is a debilitating neurological condition with significant long-term consequences on the mental health and well-being of affected individuals. We aimed to investigate anxiety and depression in individuals with pediatric-onset TSCI. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to December 20th, 2022 following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, and studies were included according to the eligibility criteria. RESULTS A total of 1013 articles were screened, and 18 studies with 4234 individuals were included in the final review. Of these, 1613 individuals (38.1%) had paraplegia, whereas 1658 (39.2%) had tetraplegia. A total of 1831 participants (43.2%) had complete TSCI, whereas 1024 (24.2%) had incomplete TSCI. The most common etiology of TSCI with 1545 people (36.5%) was motor vehicle accidents. The youngest mean age at the time of injury was 5.92 ± 4.92 years, whereas the oldest was 14.6 ± 2.8 years. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was the most common psychological assessment used in 9 studies (50.0%). Various risk factors, including pain in 4 studies (22.2%), reduced sleep quality, reduced functional independence, illicit drug use, incomplete injury, hospitalization, reduced quality of life, and duration of injury in 2 (11.1%) studies, each, were associated with elevated anxiety and depression. CONCLUSIONS Different biopsychosocial risk factors contribute to elevated rates of anxiety and depression among individuals with pediatric-onset TSCI. Individuals at risk of developing anxiety and depression should be identified, and targeted support should be provided. Future large-scale studies with long-term follow-up are required to validate and extend these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mofatteh
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK; Neuro International Collaboration (NIC), London, UK.
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Mashayekhi
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Neuro International Collaboration (NIC), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Saman Arfaie
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA; Neuro International Collaboration (NIC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yimin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Foshan Sanshui District People's Hospital, Foshan, China; Neuro International Collaboration (NIC), Foshan, China
| | - Armaan K Malhotra
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Neuro International Collaboration (NIC), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Georgios P Skandalakis
- First Department of Neurosurgery, Evangelismos General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mohammed Ali Alvi
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Neuro International Collaboration (NIC), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Fardad T Afshari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Shakila Meshkat
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Famu Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
| | - Ebtesam Abdulla
- Department of Neurosurgery, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Ayush Anand
- B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Xuxing Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Foshan Sanshui District People's Hospital, Foshan, China; Department of Surgery of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan, China
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Neuro International Collaboration (NIC), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carlo Santaguida
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael H Weber
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Injury, Repair and Recovery Program, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael G Fehlings
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery and Spinal Program, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Alalalmeh SO, Hegazi OE, Shahwan M, Hassan N, Humaid Alnuaimi GR, Alaila RF, Jairoun A, Tariq Hamdi Y, Abdullah MT, Abdullah RM, Zyoud SH. Assessing mental health among students in the UAE: A cross-sectional study utilizing the DASS-21 scale. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:101987. [PMID: 38405042 PMCID: PMC10891328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.101987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The escalating worldwide concerns for mental health, significantly amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic, necessitates understanding the impact on vulnerable populations, such as university students. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and implications of depression, anxiety, and stress among university students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21). Methods This study utilized convenience sampling to investigate the mental health of undergraduates in UAE universities using a bilingual DASS-21 questionnaire via Google Forms. Analysis was conducted using SPSS version 29.0, employing descriptive statistics, Chi-squared tests, Mann-Whitney tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and Multinomial Logistic Regression to analyze relationships between sociodemographic variables and mental health scores. Results The study examined 332 students, with most female participants (81 %, n = 269) and individuals aged 18-20 (89.8 %, n = 298). It revealed higher mean DASS scores among females: Depression (M = 15.80, p = 0.030), Anxiety (M = 17.63, p < 0.001), and Stress (M = 22.61, p < 0.001). Fourth-year students exhibited the highest DASS scores for depression (M = 30.33, p = 0.002), anxiety (M = 21.33, p = 0.002), and stress (M = 27.00, p = 0.005). Younger participants aged 18-20 had an odds ratio (OR) of 4.925 for depression, indicating they were approximately five times more likely to experience depression. Conclusions This study reveals gender, age, and academic-year variations in depression, anxiety, and stress among UAE university students. Specifically, our findings indicate higher levels of anxiety and stress among females and reveal academic-year and age-related patterns in mental health conditions. University support services in the UAE should better address student needs, including counseling focused on high school to university transition challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer O Alalalmeh
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Omar E Hegazi
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nageeb Hassan
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ghala Rashid Humaid Alnuaimi
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Raghd F Alaila
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ammar Jairoun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Pulau Pinang 11500, Malaysia
- Health and Safety Department, Dubai Municipality, Dubai 67, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yomna Tariq Hamdi
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mina Thamer Abdullah
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Roaa Mohammed Abdullah
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samer H Zyoud
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Ajman University, P.O. Box 346 Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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17
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Xian X, Niu T, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Wang X, Du X, Qu L, Mao B, He Y, Chen X, Ye M. The relationship between appearance anxiety and depression among students in a medical university in China: a serial multiple mediation model. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17090. [PMID: 38563007 PMCID: PMC10984188 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Appearance anxiety and depression have become common and global public health problems worldwide, especially among adolescents. However, few studies have revealed the mechanisms between them. This study aimed to explore the multiple mediating roles of interpersonal sensitivity and social support between appearance anxiety and depression among medical college students. Methods With 13 invalid samples excluded, 724 college students participated in our survey and completed questionnaires. The average age of 724 samples was 19.8 ± 2.02 including freshman to senior year and graduate school and above; 31.9% of the participants were male and 68.1% were female. SPSS 25.0 and Hayes' PROCESS macro were used for statistical description, correlation analysis and built multiple mediation models. Results Appearance anxiety can not only directly affect depression, but also indirectly affect depression through three significant mediating pathways: (1) IS (B = 0.106, 95% CI [0.082-0.132]), which accounted for 49.77% of the total effect, (2) SS (B = 0.018, 95% CI [0.008-0.031]), which accounted for 8.45% of the total effect, and (3) IS and SS (B = 0.008, 95% CI [0.003-0.014]), which accounted for 3.76% of the total effect. And the total mediating effect was 61.97%. Limitations It is a cross-sectional research method and the causal relationship is unclear. Conclusions This study found that lower interpersonal sensitivity and higher social support can effectively reduce depression caused by appearance anxiety among college students. The schools and relevant departments should take measures to reduce the interpersonal sensitivity of college students and establish reliable social support, so as to reduce the occurrence of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Xian
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tengfei Niu
- Department of Basic Courses, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xilin Zhou
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Du
- The Second Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linhan Qu
- The First Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Binyi Mao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying He
- The Second Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiyu Chen
- College of Pediatrics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengliang Ye
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Beroíza-Valenzuela F. The challenges of mental health in Chilean university students. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1297402. [PMID: 38532969 PMCID: PMC10963499 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1297402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mental health is a crucial issue in Chile and worldwide, gaining even more relevance following social events in Chile in 2019, including the sociopolitical crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. In Chile, over 20% of adolescents experience mental health problems such as anxiety, depression, and stress, with many going untreated due to limited access or the stigma associated with these issues. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated this situation, with a 25% increase in the prevalence of anxiety and depression. The university population is particularly vulnerable to mental health challenges due to the unique pressures of the academic environment, including increased academic demands and the acquisition of university-related behaviors that can negatively impact physical and mental health, with notable gender differences. Effectively addressing these issues is essential for ensuring the emotional and psychological well-being of university students. Specific policies and programs are needed to address the mental health needs of university adolescents and ensure that they have access to mental health services required to navigate the challenges of daily life. A methodology reflective of the essayistic approach guides this exploration, which is characterized by critical reflection and structured argumentation.
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Alnjadat R, Etoom M. Factors Affecting Nursing and Midwifery Students Knowledge Regarding Preoperative Nursing Care. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2024; 15:161-171. [PMID: 38469134 PMCID: PMC10926864 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s441145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Background Preoperative competence is a crucial aspect of nursing and midwifery students' education to improve the quality of care and patient safety. It assists nursing and midwifery students in maintaining and enhancing their practice by determining strength and areas that should be developed. Purpose This study aims to assess the level of nursing and midwifery students' knowledge regarding preoperative nursing care and determine the most influencing demographic variables. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional design using an online self-administered questionnaire was utilised among 202 nursing and midwifery students selected by simple random sampling. The Perceived Preoperative Nursing Care Competence Scale for Nursing students (PPreCC-NS) was used to assess the perceived preoperative nursing care competence of nursing and midwifery students. Descriptive statistics were obtained, and multiple regression was used for data analysis. Results The overall level of perceived preoperative nursing care competence was adequate 99.09 (SD = 10.81). The highest mean score was recorded for ability to fulfil legal responsibilities and adherence to ethical principles (M = 23.6, SD = 2.53). The lowest mean score was obtained for research and professional development (M = 17.6, SD = 2.60). The regression analysis showed that place of residency explained significantly about 4.53% of the variance in the nursing and midwifery students' knowledge regarding preoperative nursing care, and it was the strongest predictor (B = 0.218, p = 0.002). Conclusion The perceived level of preoperative nursing care among nursing and midwifery students was found to be adequate and associated with place of residence. Future research should be conducted to explore factors affecting nursing and midwifery students' preoperative competence in different cultures and contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafi Alnjadat
- Department of Applied Health Sciences, Irbid University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Etoom
- Department of Applied Health Sciences, Irbid University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Irbid, Jordan
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20
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Kokabisaghi F, Emadi MSM, Tajik A, Sharifi F, Houshmand E, Varmaghani M. The prevalence and causes of self-medication among medical university students in Iran during COVID-19 outbreak and its implications for public health and health systems: A cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1983. [PMID: 38515543 PMCID: PMC10955222 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Self-medication is a worldwide phenomenon that brings advantages and disadvantages to public health and health systems. This study investigated the extent and causes of self-medication among medical university students and its implications for public health in Iran in 2020. Methods The present study was designed as a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study that examined the knowledge, attitude, and practice of self-medication. The population of the study was the students of health sciences programs who all entered the study. The data collection tool included a questionnaire designed online and available to students. The content validity ratio of the questionnaire was 0.84, and the alpha Cronbach coefficient was calculated at 0.8936. Results The prevalence of self-medication among medical university students was 19%. The most common reason for self-medication was the safety of medicines (66.67%). The most usual form of medication used was the tablet (35.67%), the most common drug taken was acetaminophen (69.01%), and the most common disease to self-medicate for was headache (67.36%). Estimating the odds ratio of self-medication with demographic variables showed no relationship. However, after adjusting the variables, age and type of degree showed an association with self-medication, as the older participants and postgraduate students had positive attitudes toward self-medication. Conclusion Self-medication may be helpful, but it often needs proper guidance and logic and can carry various risks. Considering that medical sciences students will be influential in society in the future, it is necessary to pay more attention to correcting their drug use culture and providing access to health services for everyone. Appropriate prescription of medicines, controlling drug sales in pharmacies, highlighting the role of pharmacists in safe self-medication, and controlling the prevalence of self-medication is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kokabisaghi
- Social Determinants of Health Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of Health Economics and Management Sciences, School of HealthMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Mina Sadat Mousavi Emadi
- Social Determinants of Health Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of Health Economics and Management Sciences, School of HealthMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Amirmohammad Tajik
- School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Farshad Sharifi
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Elaheh Houshmand
- Social Determinants of Health Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of Health Economics and Management Sciences, School of HealthMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Mehdi Varmaghani
- Social Determinants of Health Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of Health Economics and Management Sciences, School of HealthMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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21
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Mahalakshmi B, Mittalben Ghemabhai K, Shilpa Gottlieb A, Sivasubramanian N, Parthasarathy P. Deep breathing exercises in easing educational stress among Indian high school students. Bioinformation 2024; 20:156-159. [PMID: 38497065 PMCID: PMC10941770 DOI: 10.6026/973206300200156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In this educational landscape, the pervasive issue of stress among higher secondary students has emerged as a serious matter. Acknowledging the challenges posed by educational stress, this research explores holistic and accessible interventions, with a focus on the promising avenue of deep breathing exercises known for their effectiveness in promoting relaxation and reducing stress. The study employs a quasi-experimental design, comparing an experimental group engaged in daily deep breathing exercises with a control group following a regular routine. Sixty higher secondary students in Visnagar participate through purposive sampling, adhering to specific inclusion criteria. The intervention includes a pre-tested questionnaire to assess stress levels, the implementation of daily deep breathing exercises in the experimental group, and a post-intervention stress level reassessment in both groups. The findings reveal a notable reduction in stress levels post-intervention, particularly in the experimental group practicing deep breathing exercises. Statistically significant reductions in mean stress scores underscore the effectiveness of this intervention, with the experimental group demonstrating a significantly lower mean stress score compared to the control group. This study contributes vital insights into stress management strategies for higher secondary students, highlighting the efficacy of incorporating deep breathing exercises into their routine. The observed reductions in stress levels emphasize the potential benefits of practical stress reduction techniques within the educational milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mahalakshmi
- Department of Paediatric Nursing, Nootan College of Nursing, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat - 384315, India
| | - Katara Mittalben Ghemabhai
- Department of Paediatric Nursing, Nootan College of Nursing, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat - 384315, India
| | - Amita Shilpa Gottlieb
- Department of obstetric and gynaecological Nursing, Graphic Era College of Nursing, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand - 248002, India
| | - N Sivasubramanian
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Nootan College of Nursing, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat - 384315; India
| | - Padmavathi Parthasarathy
- Department of Biochemistry, Nootan Medical College & Research Centre, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
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22
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Marendić M, Aranza D, Aranza I, Vladislavić S, Kolčić I. Differences between Health and Non-Health Science Students in Lifestyle Habits, Perceived Stress and Psychological Well-Being: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:620. [PMID: 38474748 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate lifestyle habits in health and non-health science students from the University of Split, Croatia, and to evaluate their association with perceived stress and psychological well-being. We surveyed 783 students during February-March 2021. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used in the analysis. Health science students spent less time using screens, were sitting less, slept less, but also showed better compliance with the Mediterranean diet compared to non-health science students (10.6% vs. 5.9%). There were no differences in stress and well-being perception between the two study groups. Female gender, lack of sleep, less daily sitting time, anxiety, and lower optimism were associated with higher stress in non-health science students, while anxiousness and more sitting were found to be significant among health students. Well-being among health science students was positively associated with BMI, having had COVID-19, being refreshed after waking up during working days, Mediterranean diet adherence, health perception, optimism, and quality of life, and negatively with TV time and anxiousness. Shorter sleep duration on non-working days, feeling refreshed after waking up on non-working days, higher quality of life and optimism, and lower anxiousness were associated with higher well-being among non-health students. Identifying unhealthy lifestyle habits in students is essential for implementing targeted interventions to better their health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Marendić
- University Department of Health Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Diana Aranza
- University Department of Health Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ivan Aranza
- Institute of Emergency Medicine of Split-Dalmatia County, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Silvija Vladislavić
- University Department of Health Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ivana Kolčić
- School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Algebra LAB, Algebra University College, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Psychiatric Clinic Sveti Ivan, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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23
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Zhang QY, Kim MC, Chang M. The impact of SNS and Covid-19-related stress of Chinese students in Korea based on the transaction theory of stress and coping. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24111. [PMID: 38333880 PMCID: PMC10850414 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Many countries attract international students to higher education programs to invest in human resources. However, living abroad can be stressful and adversely affect international students' mental and physical health. This study, conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, investigated stress-related factors affecting the socio-psychological health of Chinese students, the greatest proportion of international students in Korea. The path coefficients and mediating effects of COVID-19-related stress factors were analyzed via a transaction-based stress model for 307 students using partial least squares structural equation modeling. Cultural adaptive stress had the greatest impact on mental health. Perceived financial stress was not statistically significant. Additionally, because the COVID-19 situation in Korea is relatively mild, anxiety regarding the pandemic did not lead to stress. However, excessive COVID-19-related information on social networking services negatively impacted mental health. Understanding the causes of stress and taking preemptive measures to prevent it will result in positive educational and social impacts for both international students and host countries. This study's results have implications for the formulation of international student policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yue Zhang
- BK 21 Social Data Science Educational Research Group, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju, Special Self-Governing Province, 63243, South Korea
| | - Min-Cheol Kim
- BK 21 Social Data Science Educational Research Group, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju, Special Self-Governing Province, 63243, South Korea
| | - Mona Chang
- BK 21 Social Data Science Educational Research Group, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju, Special Self-Governing Province, 63243, South Korea
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24
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Yalniz Dilcen H, Çakır Koçak Y, Ada G, Demir Bozkurt F, Dülger H. Determinants of Psychosocial Health Status in Pregnant and Postpartum Women Experiencing Earthquake in Turkey. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2024; 18:e16. [PMID: 38304943 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is well known that natural disasters such as earthquakes negatively affect physical and mental health by exposing people to excessive stress. The aim of this study was to investigate determinants of psychosocial health status among the pregnant and postpartum women who experienced earthquake in Türkiye. METHODS Pregnant and postpartum women (n = 125) living in tent cities in the Kahramanmaraş region formed the study sample. Data were collected between February 20 and 26, 2023, through face-to-face interviews. The instruments used for data collection were the Introductory Form, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, the Traumatic Childbirth Perception Scale, and the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder-Short Scale. RESULTS A moderate positive relationship was found between stress and posttraumatic stress and traumatic childbirth perception in pregnant and postpartum women, and a high positive relationship was found between anxiety and depression. A high level of relationship was found between anxiety and stress and depression. CONCLUSIONS It is seen that the psychosocial health of pregnant and postpartum women, who belong to the risk group in the earthquake zone, is at high risk. Psychological support is urgently needed to preserve and improve their psychosocial health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacer Yalniz Dilcen
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Science, Bartın University, Ağdacı Campus, Bartin, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Çakır Koçak
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Science, Bartın University, Ağdacı Campus, Bartin, Turkey
| | - Güleser Ada
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Science, Bartın University, Ağdacı Campus, Bartin, Turkey
| | - Feyza Demir Bozkurt
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Bartın University, Ağdacı Campus, Bartin, Turkey
| | - Hanifi Dülger
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Science, Bartın University, Ağdacı Campus, Bartin, Turkey
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25
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Abd-Alrazaq A, Alajlani M, Ahmad R, AlSaad R, Aziz S, Ahmed A, Alsahli M, Damseh R, Sheikh J. The Performance of Wearable AI in Detecting Stress Among Students: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e52622. [PMID: 38294846 PMCID: PMC10867751 DOI: 10.2196/52622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Students usually encounter stress throughout their academic path. Ongoing stressors may lead to chronic stress, adversely affecting their physical and mental well-being. Thus, early detection and monitoring of stress among students are crucial. Wearable artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a valuable tool for this purpose. It offers an objective, noninvasive, nonobtrusive, automated approach to continuously monitor biomarkers in real time, thereby addressing the limitations of traditional approaches such as self-reported questionnaires. OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess the performance of wearable AI in detecting and predicting stress among students. METHODS Search sources in this review included 7 electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, ACM Digital Library, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar). We also checked the reference lists of the included studies and checked studies that cited the included studies. The search was conducted on June 12, 2023. This review included research articles centered on the creation or application of AI algorithms for the detection or prediction of stress among students using data from wearable devices. In total, 2 independent reviewers performed study selection, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-Revised tool was adapted and used to examine the risk of bias in the included studies. Evidence synthesis was conducted using narrative and statistical techniques. RESULTS This review included 5.8% (19/327) of the studies retrieved from the search sources. A meta-analysis of 37 accuracy estimates derived from 32% (6/19) of the studies revealed a pooled mean accuracy of 0.856 (95% CI 0.70-0.93). Subgroup analyses demonstrated that the accuracy of wearable AI was moderated by the number of stress classes (P=.02), type of wearable device (P=.049), location of the wearable device (P=.02), data set size (P=.009), and ground truth (P=.001). The average estimates of sensitivity, specificity, and F1-score were 0.755 (SD 0.181), 0.744 (SD 0.147), and 0.759 (SD 0.139), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Wearable AI shows promise in detecting student stress but currently has suboptimal performance. The results of the subgroup analyses should be carefully interpreted given that many of these findings may be due to other confounding factors rather than the underlying grouping characteristics. Thus, wearable AI should be used alongside other assessments (eg, clinical questionnaires) until further evidence is available. Future research should explore the ability of wearable AI to differentiate types of stress, distinguish stress from other mental health issues, predict future occurrences of stress, consider factors such as the placement of the wearable device and the methods used to assess the ground truth, and report detailed results to facilitate the conduct of meta-analyses. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42023435051; http://tinyurl.com/3fzb5rnp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Abd-Alrazaq
- AI Center for Precision Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohannad Alajlani
- Institute of Digital Healthcare, WMG, University of Warwick, Warwick, United Kingdom
| | - Reham Ahmad
- Institute of Digital Healthcare, WMG, University of Warwick, Warwick, United Kingdom
| | - Rawan AlSaad
- AI Center for Precision Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sarah Aziz
- AI Center for Precision Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arfan Ahmed
- AI Center for Precision Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Alsahli
- Health Informatics Department, College of Health Science, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafat Damseh
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Javaid Sheikh
- AI Center for Precision Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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26
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Jin Y, Xu S, Shao Z, Luo X, Wang Y, Yu Y, Wang Y. Discovery of depression-associated factors among childhood trauma victims from a large sample size: Using machine learning and network analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 345:300-310. [PMID: 37865343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experiences of childhood trauma (CT) would lead to serious mental problems, especially depression. Therefore, it becomes crucial to identify influential factors related to depression and explore their associations. The objectives were to 1) identify critical depression-related factors using the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) method from a large-scale survey data; 2) explore associations between these factors for targeted interventions and treatments. METHODS A large-scale epidemiological study covering 63 universities was conducted in Jilin Province, China. The XGBoost model was trained and tested to classify young adults with CT experiences who had or did not have depression (N = 27,671). The essential factors were selected by SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) value. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted for validation. The associations between these depression-related factors were further explored using network analysis. RESULTS The XGBoost model selected the top 10 features associated with depression with satisfactory performance (AUC = 0.91; sensitivity = 0.88 and specificity = 0.76). These factors significantly differed between depression and non-depression groups (p < 0.001). There are strong positive associations between anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), social anxiety disorder (SAD) and appearance anxiety, and negative associations between sleep quality and anxiety, sleep quality and PTSD among CT participants with depression. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design cannot draw causality, and biases in self-report measurements cannot be ignored. CONCLUSIONS XGBoost model and network analysis were useful methods for discovering and understanding depression-related factors in this epidemiological study. Moreover, these essential factors could offer insights into future interventions and treatments for depressed young adults with CT experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin
- College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shicun Xu
- Northeast Asian Research Center, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Population, Resources and Environment, Northeast Asian Studies College, Jilin University, Changchun, China; China Center for Aging Studies and Social-Economic Development, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhixian Shao
- School of Statistics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianyu Luo
- College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinzhe Wang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
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27
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Darteh EKM, Ninnoni JPK, Okyere J, Darteh F, John-Langba J, Dickson KS. Perceived discrimination, anxiety and mood disorders among university students during the COVID-19 era: evidence from a cross-sectional survey in a Ghanaian public university. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1274585. [PMID: 38282850 PMCID: PMC10811061 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1274585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Before 2020 and the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, mental disorders, including anxiety and mood disorders, were considered the leading causes of the global disease burden. There is evidence from multiple countries and social contexts that suggest the high risk of anxiety and mood disorders among students. Yet, there is a knowledge gap concerning understanding the association between the experience of discrimination and the risk of anxiety and mood disorders. We examined the association between the experience of discrimination and the risk of anxiety and mood disorders among university students. Methods This study is a cross-sectional survey among university students in Ghana. A quota sampling technique was used to recruit 1,601 students. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. All data were analyzed using Stata. Binary logistic regression model was used to examine the significant association between the outcome variable and the explanatory variables. Results The prevalence of anxiety disorder among the respondents was 67 per cent. Students who had experienced discrimination or had any member of their family experienced discrimination had higher odds (OR = 4.59, Cl = 2.64, 7.96) of anxiety and mood disorder compared to those who had not experienced any form of discrimination. Respondents aged 20-24 years had higher odds (OR = 1.47, Cl = 1.16, 1.85) of anxiety and mood disorder than those aged 15-19. Students with a high perceived risk of contracting COVID-19 had a higher odd (OR = 1.52, CI = 1.10, 2.10) compared to those with a low perceived risk. Conclusion The findings underscore a need for university authorities to lay out clear initiatives that will reinforce and meet the mental health needs of university students during and after periods of crisis, such as returning from COVID-19 lockdown. There must be a conscious effort to advocate and raise students' awareness of anxiety disorders. Also, it is imperative to create support groups within the university set up to address the mental health needs of all students. Younger students should be the primary focus of these interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene K. M. Darteh
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | | | - Joshua Okyere
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Research and Advocacy, Challenging Heights, Winneba, Ghana
| | - Florie Darteh
- Institute of Education, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Johannes John-Langba
- School of Applied Human Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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28
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Vrdoljak G, Kurtović A, Babić Čikeš A, Hirnstein M. Gender and educational stage moderate the effects of developmental assets on risk behaviours in youth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2023.2183872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrijela Vrdoljak
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ana Kurtović
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ana Babić Čikeš
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marina Hirnstein
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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29
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Alshanqiti A, Alharbi OA, Ismaeel DM, Abuanq L. Social Media Usage and Academic Performance Among Medical Students in Medina, Saudi Arabia. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2023; 14:1401-1412. [PMID: 38111788 PMCID: PMC10726949 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s434150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Social media are websites and applications enabling users to create or share content and communicate. The widespread use of social media among university students and easy access during class and study time raises concern about its impact on academic performance. This study aims to determine the impact of social media usage, addiction, and exposure on students' academic performance. Methods An online cross-sectional study was conducted using convenience sampling among undergraduate medical students in Medina, KSA during the academic year 2021/2022. We used the chi-square and fisher's exact tests to determine the impact of social media usage on academic performance. Results 842 medical students participated in our study. 57.1% were females, 24.8% were in the 5th academic year, and 56.5% had a Grade Point Average (GPA) in the range of 4.5 to 5. Moreover, 26.1% of the students use social networking sites for 3-4 hours, and males are more addicted to social media than females. Our results showed that students with excellent GPAs (GPA ≥ 4.5) are less likely to be addicted to social media networks (54.8%), and they perceive that using social media is not helping to improve their grades compared to other students. Also, showed that those who are addicted to social media benefit from the use of social media to improve their grades. There is no significant difference between genders in social media usage as if it helps them improve their grades. Moreover, no difference between the academic years in addiction and usage of social media. Conclusion This study has revealed that students with higher levels were less addicted to social media, and those who are addicted benefit from using social media to improve their grades. We call for using social media as a supporting tool for academic performance and achievement among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Alshanqiti
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Leen Abuanq
- College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
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30
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Delvecchio E, Cenci G, Lis A, Li JB, Vazsonyi AT, Nartova-Bochaver S, Zadworna M, Mazzeschi C. Anxiety and Stress among American, Chinese, Italian, and Russian Emerging Adults: Does Uncertainty Avoidance Matter? Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:3101. [PMID: 38131991 PMCID: PMC10742959 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11243101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Levels of anxiety and stress vary throughout the lifespan and across cultures. Uncertainty appears particularly relevant during emerging adulthood, thus potentially affecting both stress and anxiety. Uncertainty as a construct was identified by Hofstede (i.e., Uncertainty Avoidance Index, UAI), who defined it as the extent to which members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous or unknown situations and tend to avoid them. The UAI was considered as a means to understand cultures in addition to the "classic" distinction between collectivist and individualistic cultures. The present study compared levels of anxiety and stress in 1790 university students (18-21 years old) from two individualistic (Italy and the US) and two collectivistic (China and Russia) countries, with a consideration of country UAI levels. Results showed that country-level UAI scores were associated with levels of anxiety and stress, controlling for age and sex. Italian and Russian students reported greater anxiety than American and Chinese ones. Chinese emerging adults reported the lowest stress levels, followed by American, Italian, and Russian students. The study findings provide initial evidence that anxiety and stress in emerging adults are associated with how a culture deals with perceived instability and uncertainty about the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Delvecchio
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (G.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Giulia Cenci
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (G.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Adriana Lis
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Jian-Bin Li
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China;
| | | | - Sofya Nartova-Bochaver
- Department of Psychology, National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University), Moscow 101000, Russia;
| | - Magdalena Zadworna
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Lodz, 90-128 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Claudia Mazzeschi
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (G.C.); (C.M.)
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González-Martín AM, Aibar-Almazán A, Rivas-Campo Y, Castellote-Caballero Y, Carcelén-Fraile MDC. Mindfulness to improve the mental health of university students. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1284632. [PMID: 38111480 PMCID: PMC10726040 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1284632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the effects of a mindfulness program on mental health in university students. Methods A systematic review was conducted using the databases Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and CINAHL. The selected studies had to incorporate a mindfulness intervention in university students. The methodological quality of the collected articles was evaluated using the PEDro scale. Results We initially identified 321 studies, of which 21 were included in this review. The interventions focused on mindfulness with durations ranging from 8 weeks to 3 months. The results demonstrated significant effects of a mindfulness intervention on mental health in university students. Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis found that mindfulness is effective for improving the mental health of college students. Systematic Review Registration identifier: CRD42023441453.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María González-Martín
- Department of Education and Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Atlántico Medio, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Higher Education Center for Teaching and Educational Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín Aibar-Almazán
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Yulieth Rivas-Campo
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University of San Buenaventura-Cali, Santiago de Cali, Colombia
| | | | - María del Carmen Carcelén-Fraile
- Department of Education and Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Atlántico Medio, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Rodriguez VE, Enriquez LE, Ro A, Ayón C. Immigration-Related Discrimination and Mental Health among Latino Undocumented Students and U.S. Citizen Students with Undocumented Parents: A Mixed-Methods Investigation. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 64:593-609. [PMID: 37222500 PMCID: PMC10683331 DOI: 10.1177/00221465231168912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Research has consistently linked discrimination and poorer health; however, fewer studies have focused on immigration-related discrimination and mental health outcomes. Drawing on quantitative surveys (N = 1,131) and qualitative interviews (N = 63) with Latino undergraduate students who are undocumented or U.S. citizens with undocumented parents, we examine the association between perceived immigration-related discrimination and mental health outcomes and the process through which they are linked. Regression analyses identify an association between immigration-related discrimination and increased levels of depression and anxiety; this relationship did not vary by self and parental immigration status. Interview data shed light on this result as immigration-related discrimination manifested as individual discrimination as well as vicarious discrimination through family and community members. We contend that immigration-related discrimination is not limited to individual experiences but rather is shared within the family and community, with negative implications for the mental health of undocumented immigrants and mixed-status family members.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Annie Ro
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Cecilia Ayón
- University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
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33
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Andriacchi M, Hopper C, Stein A, Nye R, Taylor K. Animal-Assisted Interventions on a College Campus to Improve Wellness: Adventures With the Northern Michigan University Wildpups. J Nurs Educ 2023; 62:631-637. [PMID: 37934682 DOI: 10.3928/01484834-20230906-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of anxiety and stress among university students has been well established. However, limited studies document the effects of animal-assisted interventions (AAI) on college campuses. METHOD An AAI program was created and implemented during the 2021-2022 academic year to study the effects on students' stress and anxiety. Five faculty dog and handler teams, called the "Wildpups," participated in events that allowed individuals to interact with registered therapy dogs. Nursing students assessed vital signs including heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure before and after events. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory survey was used to assess pre- and postperceived anxiety, and a visual analog scale was used to assess pre- and postperceived stress. RESULTS Participants' blood pressure, heart and respiratory rates, and perceived stress and anxiety decreased significantly after events. CONCLUSION Embedded AAI programs on college campuses positively affect the life and mental well-being of individuals. [J Nurs Educ. 2023;62(11):631-637.].
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Sharma S, Patnaik L, Sahu T. Effect of lifestyle interventions to reduce depression, anxiety and stress among married women of reproductive age group: A non-randomised controlled trial in urban slums of Bhubaneswar. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2023; 12:347. [PMID: 38144035 PMCID: PMC10743840 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1149_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women are more prone to develop mental disorders as compared to men and the role of physical activities to reduce its burden by improving self-esteem is appreciable. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of lifestyle interventions to reduce depression, anxiety and stress among women in urban slums. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was a non-randomized controlled trial carried out in two slums of Bhubaneswar in married women of reproductive age group (15 years-49 years) from June 2019 to September 2021 after approval from the institutional ethics committee. A total of 128 married women were recruited, 64 women in each arm. DASS-21 was used for assessing depression, anxiety, and stress of all participants. The lifestyle intervention program was provided to 64 women in the intervention group and educational materials were provided to the control arm. DASS score was assessed again and compared with follow-up scores in both groups. Descriptive statistics were expressed as frequency, mean, median, and standard deviations. Independent t-test and paired t-tests were done where applicable. RESULTS There was no significant difference in socio-demographic factors and DASS-21 scores in both groups during baseline. Depression, Anxiety, and stress score were significantly lower in the intervention arm than control arm in the follow-up (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the pre-intervention and post-intervention levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among the intervention group (P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Simple community-based physical activities as in our intervention program focusing on the reduction of depression, anxiety, and stress levels in women may prevent the rising problems of common mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Sharma
- Department of Community Medicine, IMS & SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Lipilekha Patnaik
- Department of Community Medicine, IMS & SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Trilochan Sahu
- Department of Community Medicine, IMS & SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Chavez SJ, Hall NA, Tomkins MM, DiBello AM, Neighbors C, Carey KB. Perceived belonging on campus predicts depression among heavy drinkers: A test of three moderators. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37856456 PMCID: PMC11026301 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2266037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Objective: An association exists between perceived belonging and depression among college students. Because a student's sense of belongingness may vary as a function of their social identity, three identities - ethnicity, first-generation college student status, and sex - were investigated as potential moderators of this relationship. Participants: One hundred eighty-seven heavy-drinking college students (63% female; 52% non-Latinx White; M = 20 years of age) were assessed. Methods: Three hierarchical linear regressions were conducted to test whether belonging at baseline predicted depression at six months and whether each identity variable moderated this association. Results: Analyses yielded significant main effects between belonging and depression. Hispanic nor first-generation status interacted with belonging in predicting depression. Sex interacted with belonging where higher belongingness was associated with lower levels of depression only among female students. Conclusion: Mental health providers should consider asking female students about their perceptions of belonging on college campuses to understand their vulnerability to depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Chavez
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences & Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Nicole A Hall
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mary M Tomkins
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Angelo M DiBello
- Center for Alcohol & Substance Use Studies and Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | - Kate B Carey
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences & Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Tanner AL, von Gaudecker JR, Buelow JM, Oruche UM, Miller WR. Adolescents' Perceptions of Functional Seizure Self-Management Strategies, Facilitators, and Barriers in the School Environment. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2023; 61:19-27. [PMID: 37134281 PMCID: PMC10592598 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20230424-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents with functional (psychogenic nonepileptic) seizures encounter many struggles within the school environment, including stress, bullying, stigmatization, and accusations of faking seizure events. Mental health nurses and school personnel are poised to support school-based self-management; unfortunately, to date, no evidence exists to detail effective school-based self-management strategies for adolescents with functional seizures. Therefore, in the current qualitative study, we examined adolescents' functional seizure self-management, perceived effectiveness, and facilitators and barriers using semi-structured interviews analyzed using content analysis. We interviewed 10 adolescent females aged 12 to 19 years. Themes of proactive (prior to seizure warning symptoms) and reactive (after seizure warning symptoms) self-management, involving protection, perseverance, and progress monitoring, emerged. Adolescents perceived proactive strategies as primarily effective, whereas reactive strategies were less effective. Adolescents identified school nurses and personnel, family, and peers as facilitators and barriers to self-management. Mental health nurses are positioned to provide care, co-create plans, and advocate for adolescents with functional seizures in collaboration with school nurses and personnel. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 61(10), 19-27.].
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Haslam SK, Munroe A, Hamilton-Hinch B, Torres S, Grant T, Ross N, Gilbert R. Adverse childhood experiences and stress among oral health students: a descriptive correlational study. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL HYGIENE : CJDH = JOURNAL CANADIEN DE L'HYGIENE DENTAIRE : JCHD 2023; 57:149-160. [PMID: 38020077 PMCID: PMC10662426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Stress is a challenge to many post-secondary students and, if prolonged and unmanaged, can affect academic success. Understanding factors that contribute to students' stress is important. One possible contributor may be adverse childhood experiences (ACEs); that is, traumatic events that occur during the first 18 years of life. Inverse relationships between the number of ACEs and indicators of poor mental well-being have been proposed. Objective To describe ACEs in oral health students (OHS) and the associations between the number and types of ACEs and levels of perceived stress, an indicator of mental well-being. Methods Invitations to participate in an anonymous online cross-sectional survey were sent to all OHS, 19 years and older, attending Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Self-reports of ACEs and perceived stress were collected. Zero-order correlations and regression modelling were used to examine associations. Results Twenty-six percent (26%, n = 66) of OHS completed the survey. Respondents reported an average of 2.20 ACEs; 34.9% reported ≥ 3 ACEs. Emotional abuse (41%) was the most reported ACE. Associations were observed between numbers of ACEs and stress. Levels of stress increased with the number of ACEs (r = 0.23, p < 0.05). Regression modelling determined levels of stress were not affected by ACE type (F (3,62) = 2.24, p = 0.092). Discussion This was the first study to examine associations between ACEs and perceived stress in OHS. These students reported greater numbers of ACEs than age-matched general populations. Levels of stress were associated with numbers of ACEs. Conclusion Faculty in dental and dental hygiene programs should recognize the prevalence of ACEs among OHS and the potential impact on their mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Munroe
- School of Health Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Sara Torres
- School of Social Work, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Tonya Grant
- School of Social Work, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Nancy Ross
- School of Social Work, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Robert Gilbert
- School of Health Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Novin MH, Shokri S, Eslamdoust-Siahestalkhi F, Pourramzani A. Frequency of Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and Substance Use in Relation to General Health Indicators in Guilan University of Medical Sciences. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2023; 15:266-274. [PMID: 38322482 PMCID: PMC10843355 DOI: 10.34172/ahj.2023.1432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Background The risk of substance use is increasing among university students, especially medical students. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of smoking, alcohol consumption, and substance use and its relationship with general health indicators among the students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences (GUMS) in 2020. The differences in the frequency of substance use were also investigated from 2005. Methods This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted on 406 students of GUMS, Iran, in 2020. The data were collected through three online questionnaires including a demographic questionnaire, the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The data were entered into SPSS software version 22 and analyzed using Chi-square, Fisher's Exact tests, and logistic regression at a significance level of 0.05. Findings In this study, 53.9% of the participants were female, 46.1% were male, and 54.4% of them experienced using substances in their lifetime. The highest prevalence of use was in consumers of tobacco (46.8%), alcoholic beverages (34.7%), and cannabinoid compounds (19%). Besides, 48.5% of the participants were suspected of having some degree of psychiatric disorders, among which depression (11.6%) and anxiety (8.4%) were the most common. Moreover, substance use during students' lifetime had a statistically significant association with anxiety, depression, and mental health. Conclusion The results of this study showed the prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumption, and substance use among the students of GUMS is worrying. The relationship between consumption and consumer's health indicators highlights the necessity of intervention and purposeful planning by policymakers in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ali Pourramzani
- Kavosh Cognitive Behavior Sciences and Addiction Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Afsharnejad B, Milbourn B, Brown C, Clifford R, Foley KR, Logan A, Lund S, Machingura T, McAuliffe T, Mozolic-Staunton B, Sharp N, Hayden-Evans M, Baker Young E, Black M, Zimmermann F, Kacic V, Bölte S, Girdler S. Understanding the utility of "Talk-to-Me" an online suicide prevention program for Australian university students. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2023; 53:725-738. [PMID: 37526381 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Australian university students are at risk of experiencing poor mental health, being vulnerable to self-harm and suicidal ideation. AIM "Talk-to-Me" is a suicide ideation prevention Massive open online course (MOOC) previously showing it can support Western Australian university students' knowledge of identifying and responding to suicide ideation in themselves and others. METHODS A multi-site one-group pre-test/post-test design with a 12-week follow-up explored the efficacy of "Talk-to-Me" for university students Australia-wide, evaluating the influence of COVID-19 and location. Overall, 217 students (55% female; mage = 24.93 years [18, 60]) enrolled in this study from 2020 to 2021. Participants' responses to suicidal statements, mental health literacy, generalized self-efficacy, help-seeking behavior, and overall utility of the program were collected at baseline, post-MOOC (10 weeks from baseline) and 12-week follow-up. The effect of time and location interaction was explored using a random-effects regression model. RESULTS Findings indicated significant improvement in participants' knowledge of positive mental health support strategies (ES = 0.42, p < 0.001) and recognizing appropriate responses to suicidal statements (ES = 0.37, p < 0.001) at 10-weeks, with further improvement at 12 weeks follow-up (ES = 0.47 and 0.46, p < 0.001). Students reported higher generalized self-efficacy at the 12-week follow-up compared to baseline (ES = 0.19, p = 0.03) and an increased tendency to seek professional help for mental health issues (ES = 0.22, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION These findings provide preliminary evidence of the efficacy of the "Talk-to-Me" program in supporting university students across Australia to increase their suicide-related knowledge and skills, general self-efficacy, and overall mental fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Afsharnejad
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Autism Research Group (CARG), Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ben Milbourn
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Autism Research Group (CARG), Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Cherylee Brown
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rhonda Clifford
- School of Allied Health/Social Work and Social Policy, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kitty-Rose Foley
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alexandra Logan
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephan Lund
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tawanda Machingura
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tomomi McAuliffe
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Beth Mozolic-Staunton
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicole Sharp
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maya Hayden-Evans
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Autism Research Group (CARG), Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ellie Baker Young
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Autism Research Group (CARG), Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Melissa Black
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frank Zimmermann
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Klinikum Aschaffenburg Hospital for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Aschaffenburg, Germany
| | - Viktor Kacic
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Klinikum Aschaffenburg Hospital for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Aschaffenburg, Germany
| | - Sven Bölte
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Autism Research Group (CARG), Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonya Girdler
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Autism Research Group (CARG), Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
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Alhawari H, Alshelleh S, Alzoubi O, Khanfar AN, Akiely R, Abdallah B, Hajjaj N, Alkhalaileh S, Khader Y. Comparison of Baseline and Test Day Cardiovascular Parameters, Anxiety Scores and Coffee Consumption Among Medical Students Undergoing Objective Structured Clinical Examinations in Jordan. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:4249-4256. [PMID: 37745136 PMCID: PMC10517688 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s432157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) are considered an integral part of the assessment process of many schools of medicine worldwide. Close monitoring by examiners, scrutinized interactions with patients, and fear of the unknown, among other factors have been reported to cause psychological stress among students during the examinations period. In this study, we aimed to assess changes in cardiovascular parameters, anxiety scores, and lifestyle patterns of medical students during their OSCEs as compared to their baseline. Materials and Methods We recruited healthy medical students from our institution's medical school. General demographics, academic, and baseline lifestyle characteristics were collected 1-2 months before the OSCE day. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale was used to measure anxiety symptoms. Data related to coffee consumption in addition to systolic, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate measurements were collected both at baseline and on OSCE day. Results This study included 325 students (144 (44.3%) males and 181 (55.7%) females). The mean systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate measurements were significantly higher on OSCE day as compared to the baseline. In addition, the daily consumption of coffee increased significantly during OSCE day as compared to the baseline. Although the anxiety score increased during OSCE day compared to the baseline, the difference was not statistically significant. However, the change in anxiety score (OSCE day - baseline) was significantly higher in females compared to males. Conclusion In our study, we observed significant increases in blood pressure, heart rate, and coffee intake on the day of the test compared to baseline measurements. These findings underscore the significance of implementing measures to reduce the harmful effects of stress on students during exam preparations and medical school assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Alhawari
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sameeha Alshelleh
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Osama Alzoubi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Asim N Khanfar
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Reem Akiely
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Bayan Abdallah
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nada Hajjaj
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Saja Alkhalaileh
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yousef Khader
- Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Li J, Jin Y, Xu S, Luo X, Wilson A, Li H, Wang X, Sun X, Wang Y. Anxiety and Depression Symptoms among Youth Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse: A Network Analysis. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:278. [PMID: 37717011 PMCID: PMC10504753 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01275-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have frequently reported a high prevalence of co-occurring anxiety and depression among people who experienced stressful events in childhood. However, few have noted the symptomatic relationship of this comorbidity among childhood sexual abuse (CSA) survivors. Therefore, this study's objectives were as follows: (1) to examine the relationship across symptoms between anxiety and depression among CSA survivors; (2) to compare differences between male and female network structures among CSA survivors. METHODS A total of 63 Universities and Colleges in Jilin Province, China, covered 96,218 participants in this study, a sub-set data of which met the criteria of CSA was analyzed with the network analysis. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), measured CSA. Anxiety was measured by the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and depression was measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The sex difference between anxiety and depression among CSA survivors was compared. RESULTS 3,479 college students reported the experience of CSA (CTQ-SF total scores ≥ 8), with a prevalence of 3.62% (95% CI: 3.50-3.73%). Among CSA survivors, control worry, sad mood, and energy were central and bridge symptoms of the anxiety and depression network. Meanwhile, male CSA survivors appeared to have a stronger correlation between guilt and suicide, but female CSA survivors seemed to have a stronger correlation between control worry and suicide. Moreover, the edge of control worry-relax-afraid was stronger in the male network, while the edge of restless-relax was stronger in the female network. CONCLUSION Control worry, sad mood, and energy are crucial to offer targeted treatment and to relieve anxiety and depression symptoms for CSA survivors. Guilt needs more attention for male CSA survivors, while control worry remains more important for female CSA survivors to reduce suicidal ideation and suicide attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Jin
- College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shicun Xu
- Northeast Asian Research Center, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
- Department of Population, Resources, and Environment, Northeast Asian Studies College, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
- China Center for Aging Studies and Social-Economic Development, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Xianyu Luo
- College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Amanda Wilson
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Hui Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Northeast Asian Research Center, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xi Sun
- Department of Population, Resources, and Environment, Northeast Asian Studies College, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
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Serrano IMA, Cuyugan AMN, Cruz K, Mahusay JMA, Alibudbud R. Sociodemographic characteristics, social support, and family history as factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among young adult senior high school students in metro Manila, Philippines, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1225035. [PMID: 37772068 PMCID: PMC10525313 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1225035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Academic institutions must consider the students at risk for developing poor mental health and the factors influencing them. With the scarcity of literature concerning student mental health in the Philippines, this study determined the factors influencing the risk of anxiety, depression, and stress among senior high school students in metro Manila. Methods This cross-sectional study explored the influence of sociodemographic characteristics, social support, and family history on depression, anxiety, and stress among young adult senior high school students using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). After describing the data, regression analyses were performed. Results A total of 187 participants were recruited. Three out of five participants have a significant risk for depression. Four out of five participants were at significant risk for anxiety. One out of four participants was at risk for significant stress. Social support from a significant other and one's family may be protective factors for significant depression among the participants. Having female sex may be a risk factor for significant anxiety. In addition, having female sex and a family history of mental disorders may be risk factors for significant stress. Discussion Social support should be strengthened among senior high school students to improve their mental well-being. Students at risk for poor mental health, including females and those with a family history of mental disorders, may need additional support in school mental health programs. Finally, further research is recommended to fully understand mental health among Filipino students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rowalt Alibudbud
- Department of Sociology and Behavioral Sciences, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines
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Ansah EW, Adabla M, Jerry N, Aloko EA, Hagan JE. Investigating sedentariness and health status of primary school teachers in Ghana. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:983. [PMID: 37700305 PMCID: PMC10498583 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09925-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical inactivity is linked to chronic illnesses and disabilities among workers, especially those in high demanding jobs like teachers. Despite the global prominence of sedentary behavior research, studies drawing the relationships between physical inactivity and multimorbidity among working teacher populations in low-and middle-countries remain untapped. This study assessed the sedentariness and health status of primary school teachers in Cape Coast Metropolis in Ghana. METHOD This cross-sectional survey employed 1109 primary school teachers from the Cape Coast Metropolis in the Central Region of Ghana, targeting the entire population. RESULTS Generally, the teachers were highly sedentary and reported poor health status. Other results showed no difference in sedentariness across gender, (n = 1107, t= -0.32, p > 0.05). However, female teachers suffer more pain and discomfort, (n = 1103.51), t = - 3.07, p < 0.05), anxiety and depression, (n = 1099.56), t = - 2.85, p < 0.000), and poor health status (n = 1107), t = 2.14, p < 0.05), than their male counterparts. Also, pain and discomfort, anxiety and depression, health status and years of work significantly predicted sedentariness among the teachers, F (4, 1104) = 5.966, p = 0.00, R = 0.145, R2 = 0.029, adjusted R2 = 0.018. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that individualized or personalized interventions are urgently needed to promote regular physical activity to improve the health status and reduce associated complications on the health and well-being, especially among the female primary school teachers. Given the health risks of sedentary lifestyle, behavioral interventions at the person-level (i.e., individualized- routine weekly physical activity programs) and built environmental restructuring (e.g., creation of walkways to encourage regular walking) could be done to improve physical activity behavior among teachers within the Cape Coast Metropolis, and perhaps beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward W Ansah
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation (HPER), University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
| | - Mawuli Adabla
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation (HPER), University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Norgbedzie Jerry
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation (HPER), University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Eric A Aloko
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation (HPER), University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - John E Hagan
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation (HPER), University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Neurocognition and Action-Biomechanics-Research Group, Faculty of Psychology and Sport Sciences, Bielefeld University, Postfach 10 01 31, Bielefeld, 33501, Germany
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Dong J, Chen J, Li Y, Huang X, Rong X, Chen L. Relationship Between Freshmen's Psychological Health and Family Economic Status in Chinese Universities: A Latent Profile Analysis. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:3489-3502. [PMID: 37667735 PMCID: PMC10475299 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s424798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose With the rapid social changes, psychological health problems among freshmen in universities have become increasingly serious. Many researchers have studied the psychological health status of college freshmen using quantitative methods. However, most researchers have studied the psychological health of college freshmen by treating variables as the central concept and analysis unit, which has limitations on the variable-centered research method. Therefore, this study aims to explore the impact of family economic status and demographic variables on the psychological health of college freshmen, as well as the potential types of psychological health among college freshmen. Methods Based on the SCL-90 and the self-evaluation of the family economic status of college freshmen, latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to analyze the psychological health of 1497 college freshmen selected through a whole-group sampling method. Freshmen completed the questionnaire from October 18 to October 20, 2022. Then, multinomial logistic regression analysis and variance analysis were conducted using SPSS 25.0 to analyze the impact of family economic status and demographic variables on different psychological health subtypes of college freshmen from a university in Eastern China. Results There is obvious heterogeneity in the psychological health of college freshmen, which can be divided into three groups: psychological health group (69.54%), psychological distress group (24.65%), and psychological risk group (5.81%). The latent categories of psychological health among college freshmen differ by gender and family economic status. The psychological health status of female students is significantly better than that of male students. In addition, the lower the self-evaluation of family economic status of college freshmen, the lower their psychological health level. Conclusion Three categories of mental health exist for college freshmen, with significant group heterogeneity. Gender and family economic status significantly influenced mental health outcomes with female students faring better. The study's significance lies in providing useful recommendations for educational administrators and developing targeted interventions for college freshmen. Given the practical realities of mental health education efforts, personalized strategies that utilize peer support, counseling, and psychological services can be adopted to assist freshmen in acclimating to university life and maintaining mental wellness. The findings suggest considering the role of family economic status and gender in promoting mental health and the need for further research to develop comprehensive and effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang Dong
- Mental Health Education Center, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Chen
- School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Li
- Mental Health Education Center, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Huang
- Mental Health Education Center, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Rong
- Mental Health Education Center, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- Mental Health Education Center, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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45
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Atik E, Stricker J, Schückes M, Pittig A. Efficacy of a Brief Blended Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program for the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety in University Students: Uncontrolled Intervention Study. JMIR Ment Health 2023; 10:e44742. [PMID: 37624631 PMCID: PMC10492172 DOI: 10.2196/44742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blended cognitive behavioral therapy (bCBT)-the combination of cognitive behavioral therapy and digital mental health applications-has been increasingly used to treat depression and anxiety disorders. As a resource-efficient treatment approach, bCBT appears promising for addressing the growing need for mental health care services, for example, as an early intervention before the chronification of symptoms. However, further research on the efficacy and feasibility of integrated bCBT interventions is needed. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a novel bCBT program comprising short (25 min), weekly face-to-face therapy sessions combined with a smartphone-based digital health app for treating mild to moderate symptoms of depression or anxiety. METHODS This prospective uncontrolled trial comprised 2 measurement points (before and after treatment) and 2 intervention groups. We recruited university students with mild to moderate symptoms of depression or anxiety. On the basis of the primary symptoms, participants were assigned to either a depression intervention group (n=67 completers) or an anxiety intervention group (n=33 completers). Participants in each group received 6 weekly individual psychotherapy sessions via videoconference and completed modules tailored to their respective symptoms in the smartphone-based digital health app. RESULTS The depression group displayed medium to large improvements in the symptoms of depression (Cohen d=-0.70 to -0.90; P<.001). The anxiety group experienced significant improvements in the symptoms of generalized anxiety assessed with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale with a large effect size (Cohen d=-0.80; P<.001) but not in symptoms of anxiety assessed with the Beck Anxiety Inventory (Cohen d=-0.35; P=.06). In addition, both groups experienced significant improvements in their perceived self-efficacy (Cohen d=0.50; P<.001 in the depression group and Cohen d=0.71; P<.001 in the anxiety group) and quality of life related to psychological health (Cohen d=0.87; P<.001 in the depression group and Cohen d=0.40; P=.03 in the anxiety group). Work and social adjustment of patients improved significantly in the depression group (Cohen d=-0.49; P<.001) but not in the anxiety group (Cohen d=-0.06; P=.72). Patients' mental health literacy improved in the anxiety group (Cohen d=0.45; P=.02) but not in the depression group (Cohen d=0.21; P=.10). Patient satisfaction with the bCBT program and ratings of the usability of the digital app were high in both treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS This study provides preliminary evidence for the feasibility and efficacy of a novel brief bCBT intervention. The intervention effects were generalized across a broad spectrum of patient-reported outcomes. Hence, the newly developed bCBT intervention appears promising for treating mild to moderate depression and anxiety in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Atik
- Translational Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Stricker
- Clinical Psychology Research Group, Department of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Andre Pittig
- Translational Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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Rockwell DM, Kimel SY. A systematic review of first-generation college students' mental health. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37499142 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2225633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To synthesize peer-reviewed research on first-generation college students' mental health. Methods: Systematic searches were conducted in 4 databases through 2022 to identify empirical, peer-reviewed, and published articles on first-generation college student anxiety, depression, stress and mental health. Results: Across 62 papers, first-generation college students appeared to experience heightened anxiety, depression and stress when academic activities and social relationships conflicted rather than aligned with interdependent norms. Importantly however, when these negative mental health outcomes were measured generally - without reference to a specific domain (i.e., academic or social) - nearly all papers found no significant differences between first- and continuing-generation students. Conclusions: The findings further emphasized the need for understanding mental health within specific contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean M Rockwell
- Department of Education Studies, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sasha Y Kimel
- School of Education, California State University at San Marcos, San Marcos, California, USA
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Mud Shukri MI, Minhat HS, Ahmad N, Ismail F, Kanthavelu C, Nurfarahin D, Ghazali WSW, Mohd Zulkefli NA. Prevalence and factors associated with depression, anxiety and stress in Malaysia during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288618. [PMID: 37471310 PMCID: PMC10358990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has had severe impacts on mental health status worldwide. Several studies have investigated the prevalence and factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress in different countries, however, a systematic review on the research topic during COVID-19 is presently lacking in Malaysia's context. To fill this gap, electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Sagepub, CINAHL, Psychology, and Behavioral Sciences Collection were searched for relevant studies. A total of 16 studies were included in the systematic review. METHODS To fill this gap, electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Sagepub, CINAHL, Psychology, and Behavioral Sciences Collection were searched for relevant studies. A total of 16 studies were included in the systematic review. RESULTS The analyses showed that the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress ranged from 14.3% to 81.7%, 8.0% to 81.7%, and 0.9% to 56.5% respectively. Adult populations demonstrated the highest prevalence of depression, whereas university students reported the highest prevalence of anxiety and stress. Several factors were associated with mental health conditions including age, gender, family income, and perception of COVID-19. CONCLUSION Differentials in mental health screening practices call for standardised screening practices. Mental health intervention should be targeted at high-risk populations with effective risk communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ikhwan Mud Shukri
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seremban, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Halimatus Sakdiah Minhat
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seremban, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norliza Ahmad
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seremban, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fatin Ismail
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seremban, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chandramalar Kanthavelu
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seremban, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Dina Nurfarahin
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seremban, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Syahirah Wan Ghazali
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seremban, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Afiah Mohd Zulkefli
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seremban, Selangor, Malaysia
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Alfuqaha OA, Al-Masarwah UM, Farah RI, Yasin JA, Alkuttob LA, Muslieh NI, Hammouri M, Jawabreh AE, Aladwan DA, Barakat RO, Alshubbak NH. The Impact of Turkey and Syria Earthquakes on University Students: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms, Meaning in Life, and Social Support. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:587. [PMID: 37504034 PMCID: PMC10376520 DOI: 10.3390/bs13070587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Earthquakes are natural disasters that often result in significant loss of life and property. The objective of this study is to explore the frequency of symptoms associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), levels of meaning in life (ML), and perceived social support (SS) among university students in the aftermath of the earthquake that occurred in Turkey and Syria in 2023. (2) Methods: This study utilizes a cross-sectional correlation design to achieve its objectives among 603 university students from two public universities using an online survey (via Google Forms). The survey was launched one month after the earthquake in Turkey and Syria and concluded on 6 April 2023. (3) Results: The results indicate that a total of 158 university students, constituting 26.20% of the sample, reported extreme symptoms of PTSD. The results also indicate that 184 students (30.51), and 140 students (23.22%) reported low levels of ML and SS, respectively. Female students were significantly more vulnerable to experiencing PTSD symptoms, as well as difficulties in finding ML and SS. Finally, results revealed that students who were pursuing postgraduate studies had a greater likelihood of exhibiting symptoms indicative of PTSD. (4) Conclusions: It is recommended that universities provide support services and resources for students experiencing PTSD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othman A Alfuqaha
- Counseling and Mental Health Department, Faculty of Educational Sciences, The World Islamic Sciences & Education University W.I.S.E., Amman 11947, Jordan
| | - Uday M Al-Masarwah
- Counseling and Mental Health Department, Faculty of Educational Sciences, The World Islamic Sciences & Education University W.I.S.E., Amman 11947, Jordan
| | - Randa I Farah
- Nephrology Division, Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Jehad A Yasin
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Leen A Alkuttob
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Nour I Muslieh
- Prince Salma Bnt Abdullah Nursing College, Al al-Bayt University, Al.Mafraq 130040, Jordan
| | - Mouath Hammouri
- Department of Nursing, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Afnan E Jawabreh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Duaa A Aladwan
- Counseling and Mental Health Department, Faculty of Educational Sciences, The World Islamic Sciences & Education University W.I.S.E., Amman 11947, Jordan
| | - Randah O Barakat
- Counseling and Mental Health Department, Faculty of Educational Sciences, The World Islamic Sciences & Education University W.I.S.E., Amman 11947, Jordan
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Malak MZ, Shuhaiber AH, Alsswey A, Tarawneh A. Social support as the mediator for the relationship between internet gaming disorder and psychological problems among university students. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 164:243-250. [PMID: 37385003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been increasing recognition of internet gaming disorder as a psychiatric problem that is linked with serious impairment and distress and correlated with psychological reactions and social consequences. Thus, this study proposed that psychological problems (stress, anxiety, and depression) and social support could be associated with IGD and social support had a mediating role between these psychological problems and IGD among university students in Jordan. METHODS A cross-sectional, descriptive correlational design was adopted. The university students (N = 1020) were selected randomly from four universities (two public and two private) in Jordan. A self-structured questionnaire was used to collect data using the Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGD-20 Test), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21), Multidimensional Social Support Scale (MSPSS), and sociodemographic data. FINDINGS Findings of this study found that the mean age of the participants was 21.38 (S.D ± 2.12) and 55.9% of them were males The prevalence of internet gaming disorder was 12.16% among the participants, where the cut-off point for internet gaming disorder was 71 out of 100. Internet gaming disorder was significantly correlated with stress, anxiety, social support, and depression. However, stress, anxiety, and social support had a direct effect on internet gaming disorder, while social support had the strongest effect on internet gaming disorder. It was found that social support had a mediating role between anxiety and stress (β = -0.172, T-Statistics = 3.92, p < 0.001; β = -0.268, T-Statistics = 5.45, p < 0.001, respectively) and internet gaming disorder (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study can help policymakers and instructors develop health education programs and/or health training programs that focus on using social support as a coping method when experiencing psychological problems including stress and anxiety and adopt social support in management programs for excessive use of internet gaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malakeh Z Malak
- Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Al-Zaytoonah. University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Ahmed H Shuhaiber
- College of Technological Innovation, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed Alsswey
- Multimedia Technology Department, Faculty of Architecture and Design, AL-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Anwar Tarawneh
- Civil and Infrastructure Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Technology AL-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Anto A, Asif RO, Basu A, Kanapathipillai D, Salam H, Selim R, Zaman J, Eisingerich AB. Exploring the Impact of Social Media on Anxiety Among University Students in the United Kingdom: Qualitative Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e43037. [PMID: 37327030 DOI: 10.2196/43037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid surge in social media platforms has significant implications for users' mental health, particularly anxiety. In the case of social media, the impact on mental well-being has been highlighted by multiple stakeholders as a cause for concern. However, there has been limited research into how the association between social media and anxiety arises, specifically among university students-the generation that has seen the introduction and evolution of social media, and currently lives through the medium. Extant systematic literature reviews within this area of research have not yet focused on university students or anxiety, rather predominantly investigating adolescents or generalized mental health symptoms and disorders. Furthermore, there is little to no qualitative data exploring the association between social media and anxiety among university students. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic literature review of the existing literature and a qualitative study that aims to develop foundational knowledge around the association of social media and anxiety among university students and enhance extant knowledge and theory. METHODS A total of 29 semistructured interviews were conducted, comprising 19 male students (65.5%) and 10 female students (34.5%) with a mean age of 21.5 years. All students were undergraduates from 6 universities across the United Kingdom, with most students studying in London (89.7%). Participants were enrolled through a homogenous purposive sampling technique via social media channels, word of mouth, and university faculties. Recruitment was suspended at the point of data saturation. Participants were eligible for the study if they were university students in the United Kingdom and users of social media. RESULTS Thematic analysis resulted in 8 second-order themes: 3 mediating factors that decrease anxiety levels and 5 factors that increase anxiety levels. Social media decreased anxiety through positive experiences, social connectivity, and escapism. Social media increased anxiety through stress, comparison, fear of missing out, negative experiences, and procrastination. CONCLUSIONS This qualitative study sheds critical light on how university students perceive how social media affects their anxiety levels. Students revealed that social media did impact their anxiety levels and considered it an important factor in their mental health. Thus, it is essential to educate stakeholders, including students, university counselors, and health care professionals, about the potential impact of social media on students' anxiety levels. Since anxiety is a multifactorial condition, pinpointing the main stressors in a person's life, such as social media use, may help manage these patients more effectively. The current research highlights that there are also many benefits to social media, and uncovering these may help in producing more holistic management plans for anxiety, reflective of the students' social media usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailin Anto
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rafey Omar Asif
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arunima Basu
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Haadi Salam
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rania Selim
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jahed Zaman
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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