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Miranda RA, Lima DGV, de Souza LL, Souza da Silva B, Bertasso IM, Meyer LG, Rossetti CL, Junior RR, Miranda-Alves L, de Moura EG, Lisboa PC. Maternal exposure to tributyltin alters the breast milk, hormonal profile, and thyroid morphology of dams and induces sex-specific changes in neonate rat offspring. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123963. [PMID: 38621455 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) is the chemical substance commonly used worldwide to prevent biofouling of vessels. Due to its ability to bioaccumulate and biomagnify, even after being banned, significant concentrations of TBT can be detected in sediment, affecting marine and human life. Although studies have shown that direct exposure to TBT alters physiological parameters in mammals, the relationship between exposure to TBT during pregnancy and lactation, considered critical windows for metabolic programming, has not been fully elucidated. Our hypothesis is that offspring whose mothers were exposed to TBT during critical stages of development may exhibit dysfunctions in endocrine-metabolic parameters. We used pregnant Wistar rats that were divided into groups and received the following treatments from gestational day 7 until the end of lactation by intragastric gavage: vehicle (ethanol 0.01%; Control), low TBT dose (100 ng/kg of body weight (bw)/day; TBT100ng) and high TBT dose (1000 ng/kg bw/day; TBT1000ng). Dams and offspring at birth and weaning (21 days old) were studied. Maternal exposure to TBT promoted dose-dependent changes in dams. The findings for adiposity, milk composition and lipid profile were more pronounced in TBT100 ng dam; however, thyroid morphology was altered in TBT1000 ng dam. Female offspring were differentially affected by the dose of exposure. At birth, females in the TBT100ng group had low body weight, lower naso-anal length (NAL), and higher plasma T4, and at weaning, females in the TBT100ng group had lower insulin and leptin levels. Females in the TBT1000ng group had lower NAL at birth and lower leptinemia and weight of white adipose tissue at weaning. Male offspring from TBT groups showed high T3 at birth, without biometric alterations at birth or weaning. Despite these findings, both sexes exhibited dose-dependent morphological changes in the thyroid gland. Thus, maternal exposure to TBT constitutes an important route of contamination for both dams and offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosiane Aparecida Miranda
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniel Galinis Vieira Lima
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luana Lopes de Souza
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Souza da Silva
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Iala Milene Bertasso
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lilian Guedes Meyer
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Camila Lüdke Rossetti
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Röpke Junior
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Post graduate Program in Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leandro Miranda-Alves
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Post graduate Program in Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Post graduate Program of Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Post graduate Program of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Egberto Gaspar de Moura
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patricia Cristina Lisboa
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Oelkrug R, Harder L, Pedaran M, Hoffmann A, Kolms B, Inderhees J, Gachkar S, Resch J, Johann K, Jöhren O, Krause K, Mittag J. Maternal thyroid hormone receptor β activation in mice sparks brown fat thermogenesis in the offspring. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6742. [PMID: 37875497 PMCID: PMC10597992 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42425-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that maternal thyroid hormones play an important role for the developing fetus; however, the consequences of maternal hyperthyroidism for the offspring remain poorly understood. Here we show in mice that maternal 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) treatment during pregnancy leads to improved glucose tolerance in the adult male offspring and hyperactivity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis in both sexes starting early after birth. The activated BAT provides advantages upon cold exposure, reducing the strain on other thermogenic organs like muscle. This maternal BAT programming requires intact maternal thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ) signaling, as offspring of mothers lacking this receptor display the opposite phenotype. On the molecular level, we identify distinct T3 induced alterations in maternal serum metabolites, including choline, a key metabolite for healthy pregnancy. Taken together, our results connect maternal TRβ activation to the fetal programming of a thermoregulatory phenotype in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Oelkrug
- Institute for Endocrinology & Diabetes - Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lisbeth Harder
- Institute for Endocrinology & Diabetes - Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mehdi Pedaran
- Institute for Endocrinology & Diabetes - Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anne Hoffmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beke Kolms
- Institute for Endocrinology & Diabetes - Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julica Inderhees
- Bioanalytic Core Facility - Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sogol Gachkar
- Institute for Endocrinology & Diabetes - Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julia Resch
- Institute for Endocrinology & Diabetes - Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kornelia Johann
- Institute for Endocrinology & Diabetes - Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Olaf Jöhren
- Bioanalytic Core Facility - Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kerstin Krause
- Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jens Mittag
- Institute for Endocrinology & Diabetes - Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
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3
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Velazquez MA, Idriss A, Chavatte-Palmer P, Fleming TP. The mammalian preimplantation embryo: Its role in the environmental programming of postnatal health and performance. Anim Reprod Sci 2023; 256:107321. [PMID: 37647800 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
During formation of the preimplantation embryo several cellular and molecular milestones take place, making the few cells forming the early embryo vulnerable to environmental stressors than can impair epigenetic reprogramming and controls of gene expression. Although these molecular alterations can result in embryonic death, a significant developmental plasticity is present in the preimplantation embryo that promotes full-term pregnancy. Prenatal epigenetic modifications are inherited during mitosis and can perpetuate specific phenotypes during early postnatal development and adulthood. As such, the preimplantation phase is a developmental window where developmental programming can take place in response to the embryonic microenvironment present in vivo or in vitro. In this review, the relevance of the preimplantation embryo as a developmental stage where offspring health and performance can be programmed is discussed, with emphasis on malnutrition and assisted reproductive technologies; two major environmental insults with important implications for livestock production and human reproductive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Velazquez
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Abdullah Idriss
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Pathology and laboratory medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box 40047, MBC J-10, Jeddah 21499, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Pascale Chavatte-Palmer
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Tom P Fleming
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Aurich S, Müller L, Kovacs P, Keller M. Implication of DNA methylation during lifestyle mediated weight loss. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1181002. [PMID: 37614712 PMCID: PMC10442821 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1181002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 50 years, the number of overweight/obese people increased significantly, making obesity a global public health challenge. Apart from rare monogenic forms, obesity is a multifactorial disease, most likely resulting from a concerted interaction of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. Although recent studies opened new avenues in elucidating the complex genetics behind obesity, the biological mechanisms contributing to individual's risk to become obese are not yet fully understood. Non-genetic factors such as eating behaviour or physical activity are strong contributing factors for the onset of obesity. These factors may interact with genetic predispositions most likely via epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenome-wide association studies or methylome-wide association studies are measuring DNA methylation at single CpGs across thousands of genes and capture associations to obesity phenotypes such as BMI. However, they only represent a snapshot in the complex biological network and cannot distinguish between causes and consequences. Intervention studies are therefore a suitable method to control for confounding factors and to avoid possible sources of bias. In particular, intervention studies documenting changes in obesity-associated epigenetic markers during lifestyle driven weight loss, make an important contribution to a better understanding of epigenetic reprogramming in obesity. To investigate the impact of lifestyle in obesity state specific DNA methylation, especially concerning the development of new strategies for prevention and individual therapy, we reviewed 19 most recent human intervention studies. In summary, this review highlights the huge potential of targeted interventions to alter disease-associated epigenetic patterns. However, there is an urgent need for further robust and larger studies to identify the specific DNA methylation biomarkers which influence obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Aurich
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Luise Müller
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maria Keller
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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5
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Nakamura A, Broséus L, Tost J, Vaiman D, Martins S, Keyes K, Bonello K, Fekom M, Strandberg-Larsen K, Sutter-Dallay AL, Heude B, Melchior M, Lepeule J. Epigenome-Wide Associations of Placental DNA Methylation and Behavioral and Emotional Difficulties in Children at 3 Years of Age. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11772. [PMID: 37511531 PMCID: PMC10380531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The placenta is a key organ for fetal and brain development. Its epigenome can be regarded as a biochemical record of the prenatal environment and a potential mechanism of its association with the future health of the fetus. We investigated associations between placental DNA methylation levels and child behavioral and emotional difficulties, assessed at 3 years of age using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in 441 mother-child dyads from the EDEN cohort. Hypothesis-driven and exploratory analyses (on differentially methylated probes (EWAS) and regions (DMR)) were adjusted for confounders, technical factors, and cell composition estimates, corrected for multiple comparisons, and stratified by child sex. Hypothesis-driven analyses showed an association of cg26703534 (AHRR) with emotional symptoms, and exploratory analyses identified two probes, cg09126090 (intergenic region) and cg10305789 (PPP1R16B), as negatively associated with peer relationship problems, as well as 33 DMRs, mostly positively associated with at least one of the SDQ subscales. Among girls, most associations were seen with emotional difficulties, whereas in boys, DMRs were as much associated with emotional than behavioral difficulties. This study provides the first evidence of associations between placental DNA methylation and child behavioral and emotional difficulties. Our results suggest sex-specific associations and might provide new insights into the mechanisms of neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Nakamura
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, 38700 La Tronche, France;
| | - Lucile Broséus
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, 38700 La Tronche, France;
| | - Jörg Tost
- Laboratory for Epigenetics and Environment, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, CEA—Institut de Biologie François Jacob, University Paris Saclay, 91057 Evry, France;
| | - Daniel Vaiman
- From Gametes to Birth, Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM, UMR 8104 CNRS, Paris Cité University, 75014 Paris, France;
| | - Silvia Martins
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA; (S.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Katherine Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA; (S.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Kim Bonello
- Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale (ERES), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, 75571 Paris, France; (K.B.); (M.F.); (M.M.)
- Department of General Practice, School of Medicine, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Fekom
- Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale (ERES), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, 75571 Paris, France; (K.B.); (M.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Katrine Strandberg-Larsen
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Anne-Laure Sutter-Dallay
- Bordeaux Population Health, Bordeaux University, INSERM, UMR 1219, 33076 Bordeaux, France;
- University Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charles Perrens Hospital, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Barbara Heude
- Center for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, INRAE, 75004 Paris, France;
| | - Maria Melchior
- Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale (ERES), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, 75571 Paris, France; (K.B.); (M.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Johanna Lepeule
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, 38700 La Tronche, France;
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Fu Q, Cheung WA, Majnik AV, Ke X, Pastinen T, Lane RH. Adverse Maternal Environments Perturb Hepatic DNA Methylome and Transcriptome Prior to the Adult-Onset Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mouse Offspring. Nutrients 2023; 15:2167. [PMID: 37432267 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to adverse early-life environments (AME) increases the incidence of developing adult-onset non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). DNA methylation has been postulated to link AME and late-onset diseases. This study aimed to investigate whether and to what extent the hepatic DNA methylome was perturbed prior to the development of NAFLD in offspring exposed to AME in mice. AME constituted maternal Western diet and late-gestational stress. Male offspring livers at birth (d0) and weaning (d21) were used for evaluating the DNA methylome and transcriptome using the reduced representation of bisulfite sequencing and RNA-seq, respectively. We found AME caused 5879 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and zero differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at d0 and 2970 and 123, respectively, at d21. The majority of the DMRs were distal to gene transcription start sites and did not correlate with DEGs. The DEGs at d21 were significantly enriched in GO biological processes characteristic of liver metabolic functions. In conclusion, AME drove changes in the hepatic DNA methylome, which preceded perturbations in the hepatic metabolic transcriptome, which preceded the onset of NAFLD. We speculate that subtle impacts on dynamic enhancers lead to long-range regulatory changes that manifest over time as gene network alternations and increase the incidence of NAFLD later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Fu
- Department of Research Administration, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Warren A Cheung
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Amber V Majnik
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Xingrao Ke
- Department of Research Administration, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Tomi Pastinen
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Robert H Lane
- Department of Administration, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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ÇOBANOĞULLARI HAVVA, ERGOREN MAHMUTCERKEZ, DUNDAR MUNIS, BERTELLI MATTEO, TULAY PINAR. Periconceptional Mediterranean diet during pregnancy on children's health. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2022; 63:E65-E73. [PMID: 36479491 PMCID: PMC9710394 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2s3.2748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
During pregnancy, rapid and subtle physiological changes are observed from conception to birth. Nutrition and other lifestyle factors before and during pregnancy have been shown in the literature to influence the health of both mother and child. A healthy and varied diet during pregnancy can provide adequate energy and nutrients for both the mother and the growing fetus. Current research focuses on the periconceptional phase, which includes the early processes of gametogenesis, embryogenesis and placentation. A variety of abnormalities and pregnancy-related problems occur during this period, including congenital defects, fetal loss, miscarriage and preterm birth. A varied and balanced diet during periconception is important to maintain fetal development and growth. To date, numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of consuming different nutrients, foods or food groups during pregnancy on the health of mother and child. For example, the Mediterranean diet is considered as a balanced, nutrient-rich diet due to the low consumption of meat products and fatty foods and the high consumption of vegetables, cheese, olive oil, fish, shellfish and little meat. While many studies have been conducted in the literature to investigate the effects of a Mediterranean diet during pregnancy on fetal health, the results have been inconclusive. The aim of this article is to review the current literature on the Mediterranean diet during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- HAVVA ÇOBANOĞULLARI
- Near East University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - MAHMUT CERKEZ ERGOREN
- Near East University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - MUNIS DUNDAR
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - MATTEO BERTELLI
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners, USA
- MAGI Euregio, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto, Italy
| | - PINAR TULAY
- Near East University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Near East University, DESAM Research Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Correspondence: Pınar Tulay, Near East University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, 99138 Nicosia, Cyprus. E-mail:
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Teng Y, Li P, Yang M, Han Y, Yan S, Xu Y, Tao F, Huang K. Sex-Specific Effect of Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody and Thyroglobulin Antibody Exposure During Pregnancy on Preschoolers' Emotional and Behavioral Development: A Birth Cohort Study. Thyroid 2022; 32:1229-1242. [PMID: 35920111 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2022.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb)- and thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb)-positive exposure during gestation may contribute to offspring's adverse neural development. However, limited knowledge is available on the association between joint exposure on TPOAb and TGAb and children's emotional and behavioral development. Furthermore, the sex-specific effect on the developmental process of preschoolers' emotions and behaviors is unknown. The present research intends to examine the sex-specific effect of TPOAb- and TGAb-positive exposure in gestation on the developmental process of preschoolers' emotions and behaviors. Methods: A total of 2455 mother-child pairs were included from the Ma'anshan Birth Cohort study. The serum TPOAb and TGAb of pregnant women was measured retrospectively by electrochemical immunoassay during the follow-up period. Preschoolers' emotional and behavioral development was assessed by a child behavior checklist 1.5-5. Growth mixture modeling was adopted to fit thyroid antibody (TAb) trajectories. Poisson regression models were used, stratifying by sex, to examine the association between TAb trajectories, as well as four categories of maternal TAb exposure and preschoolers' emotional and behavioral problems. Results: Boys born to mothers with TPOAb positivity in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy had an increased risk of autism spectrum problems after adjusting for confounders, with relative risk (RR) [confidence interval, CI] of 2.01 [1.24-3.27], 2.15 [1.08-4.26], and 2.13 [1.20-3.79], respectively. Maternal TGAb positivity and TPOAb negativity in the first trimester were associated with a high risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity problems in boys (RR = 1.74 [CI 1.01-2.99]). The prevalence of depressive problems in girls was 33.3% after exposure to TPOAb alone in the third trimester of pregnancy. Exposure to TPOAb alone in the third trimester of pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of depressive problems in girls (RR = 1.78 [CI 1.09-2.90]). Conclusions: Maternal TPOAb positivity in all three trimesters was associated with the risk of autism spectrum problems in boys. Isolated maternal TGAb positivity in the first trimester was associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity problems in boys, whereas isolated maternal TPOAb positivity in the third trimester was associated with depressive problems in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Teng
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University (AHMU), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Peixuan Li
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University (AHMU), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Mengting Yang
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University (AHMU), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University (AHMU), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Shuangqin Yan
- Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Health Center (MCHC), Ma'anshan, China
| | - Yeqing Xu
- Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Health Center (MCHC), Ma'anshan, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University (AHMU), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University (AHMU), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, China
- Scientific Research Center in Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University (AHMU), Hefei, China
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Melnik BC, Schmitz G. Milk Exosomal microRNAs: Postnatal Promoters of β Cell Proliferation but Potential Inducers of β Cell De-Differentiation in Adult Life. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911503. [PMID: 36232796 PMCID: PMC9569743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β cell expansion and functional maturation during the birth-to-weaning period is driven by epigenetic programs primarily triggered by growth factors, hormones, and nutrients provided by human milk. As shown recently, exosomes derived from various origins interact with β cells. This review elucidates the potential role of milk-derived exosomes (MEX) and their microRNAs (miRs) on pancreatic β cell programming during the postnatal period of lactation as well as during continuous cow milk exposure of adult humans to bovine MEX. Mechanistic evidence suggests that MEX miRs stimulate mTORC1/c-MYC-dependent postnatal β cell proliferation and glycolysis, but attenuate β cell differentiation, mitochondrial function, and insulin synthesis and secretion. MEX miR content is negatively affected by maternal obesity, gestational diabetes, psychological stress, caesarean delivery, and is completely absent in infant formula. Weaning-related disappearance of MEX miRs may be the critical event switching β cells from proliferation to TGF-β/AMPK-mediated cell differentiation, whereas continued exposure of adult humans to bovine MEX miRs via intake of pasteurized cow milk may reverse β cell differentiation, promoting β cell de-differentiation. Whereas MEX miR signaling supports postnatal β cell proliferation (diabetes prevention), persistent bovine MEX exposure after the lactation period may de-differentiate β cells back to the postnatal phenotype (diabetes induction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C. Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-52-4198-8060
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Mbiydzenyuy NE, Hemmings SMJ, Qulu L. Prenatal maternal stress and offspring aggressive behavior: Intergenerational and transgenerational inheritance. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:977416. [PMID: 36212196 PMCID: PMC9539686 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.977416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though studies have shown that prenatal maternal stress is associated with increased reactivity of the HPA axis, the association between prenatal maternal stress and fetal glucocorticoid exposure is complex and most likely dependent on unidentified and poorly understood variables including nature and timing of prenatal insults. The precise mechanisms in which prenatal maternal stress influence neuroendocrine signaling between the maternal-placental-fetal interface are still unclear. The aim of this review article is to bring comprehensive basic concepts about prenatal maternal stress and mechanisms of transmission of maternal stress to the fetus. This review covers recent studies showing associations between maternal stress and alterations in offspring aggressive behavior, as well as the possible pathways for the “transmission” of maternal stress to the fetus: (1) maternal-fetal HPA axis dysregulation; (2) intrauterine environment disruption due to variations in uterine artery flow; (3) epigenetic modifications of genes implicated in aggressive behavior. Here, we present evidence for the phenomenon of intergenerational and transgenerational transmission, to better understands the mechanism(s) of transmission from parent to offspring. We discuss studies showing associations between maternal stress and alterations in offspring taking note of neuroendocrine, brain architecture and epigenetic changes that may suggest risk for aggressive behavior. We highlight animal and human studies that focus on intergenerational transmission following exposure to stress from a biological mechanistic point of view, and maternal stress-induced epigenetic modifications that have potential to impact on aggressive behavior in later generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngala Elvis Mbiydzenyuy
- Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola, Zambia
- Division of Medical Physiology, Biomedical Science Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Ngala Elvis Mbiydzenyuy,
| | - Sian Megan Joanna Hemmings
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lihle Qulu
- Division of Medical Physiology, Biomedical Science Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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11
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Holzapfel C, Waldenberger M, Lorkowski S, Daniel H. Genetics and Epigenetics in Personalized Nutrition: Evidence, Expectations and Experiences. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200077. [PMID: 35770348 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
With the presentation of the blueprint of the first human genome in 2001 and the advent of technologies for high-throughput genetic analysis, personalized nutrition (PN) became a new scientific field and the first commercial offerings of genotype-based nutrition advice emerged at the same time. Here, we summarize the state of evidence for the effect of genetic and epigenetic factors in the development of obesity, the metabolic syndrome and resulting illnesses such as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. We also critically value the concepts of PN that were built around the new genetic avenue from both the academic and a commercial perspective and their effectiveness in causing sustained changes in diet, lifestyle and for improving health. Despite almost 20 years of research and commercial direct-to-consumer offerings, evidence for the success of gene-based dietary recommendations is still generally lacking. This calls for new concepts of future PN solutions that incorporate more phenotypic measures and provide a panel of instruments (e.g., self- and bio-monitoring tools, feedback systems, algorithms based on artificial intelligence) that increases compliance based on the individual´s physical and social environment and value system. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Holzapfel
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences and Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- Professor emeritus, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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12
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Sperm Histone H3 Lysine 4 tri-methylation serves as a metabolic sensor of paternal obesity and is associated with the inheritance of metabolic dysfunction. Mol Metab 2022; 59:101463. [PMID: 35183795 PMCID: PMC8931445 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Parental environmental exposures can strongly influence descendant risks for adult disease. How paternal obesity changes the sperm chromatin leading to the acquisition of metabolic disease in offspring remains controversial and ill-defined. The objective of this study was to assess (1) whether obesity induced by a high-fat diet alters sperm histone methylation; (2) whether paternal obesity can induce metabolic disturbances across generations; (3) whether there could be cumulative damage to the sperm epigenome leading to enhanced metabolic dysfunction in descendants; and (4) whether obesity-sensitive regions associate with embryonic epigenetic and transcriptomic profiles. Using a genetic mouse model of epigenetic inheritance, we investigated the role of histone H3 lysine 4 methylation (H3K4me3) in the paternal transmission of metabolic dysfunction. This transgenic mouse overexpresses the histone demethylase enzyme KDM1A in the developing germline and has an altered sperm epigenome at the level of histone H3K4 methylation. We hypothesized that challenging transgenic sires with a high-fat diet would further erode the sperm epigenome and lead to enhanced metabolic disturbances in the next generations. Methods To assess whether paternal obesity can have inter- or transgenerational impacts, and if so to identify potential mechanisms of this non-genetic inheritance, we used wild-type C57BL/6NCrl and transgenic males with a pre-existing altered sperm epigenome. To induce obesity, sires were fed either a control or high-fat diet (10% or 60% kcal fat, respectively) for 10–12 weeks, then bred to wild-type C57BL/6NCrl females fed a regular diet. F1 and F2 descendants were characterized for metabolic phenotypes by examining the effects of paternal obesity by sex, on body weight, fat mass distribution, the liver transcriptome, intraperitoneal glucose, and insulin tolerance tests. To determine whether obesity altered the F0 sperm chromatin, native chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing targeting H3K4me3 was performed. To gain insight into mechanisms of paternal transmission, we compared our sperm H3K4me3 profiles with embryonic and placental chromatin states, histone modification, and gene expression profiles. Results Obesity-induced alterations in H3K4me3 occurred in genes implicated in metabolic, inflammatory, and developmental processes. These processes were associated with offspring metabolic dysfunction and corresponded to genes enriched for H3K4me3 in embryos and overlapped embryonic and placenta gene expression profiles. Transgenerational susceptibility to metabolic disease was only observed when obese F0 had a pre-existing modified sperm epigenome. This coincided with increased H3K4me3 alterations in sperm and more severe phenotypes affecting their offspring. Conclusions Our data suggest sperm H3K4me3 might serve as a metabolic sensor that connects paternal diet with offspring phenotypes via the placenta. This non-DNA-based knowledge of inheritance has the potential to improve our understanding of how environment shapes heritability and may lead to novel routes for the prevention of disease. This study highlights the need to further study the connection between the sperm epigenome, placental development, and children's health. Summary sentence Paternal obesity impacts sperm H3K4me3 and is associated with placenta, embryonic and metabolic outcomes in descendants. Sperm H3K4me3 serves as a metabolic sensor of HFD-induced obesity. Obesity-altered sperm H3K4me3 corresponds to embryonic transcription and chromatin profiles. HFD- and KDM1A-induced cumulative sperm epimutations enhanced F1 metabolic dysfunction. Sperm epimutations may influence placenta function inducing F1 metabolic phenotypes.
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Liu X, Shi Q, Fan X, Chen H, Chen N, Zhao Y, Qi K. Associations of Maternal Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids With Telomere Length in the Cord Blood and Placenta in Chinese Population. Front Nutr 2022; 8:779306. [PMID: 35155512 PMCID: PMC8831827 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.779306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the correlation between maternal polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and telomeres in offspring, and the underlying influential mechanisms. In this study, we assessed the associations of maternal PUFAs with telomere length (TL) and DNA methylation of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter in the cord blood and the placenta. A total of 274 pregnant women and their newborn babies were enrolled in this study. Maternal blood before delivery, the cord blood, and the placenta at birth were collected. Fatty acids in maternal erythrocytes and cord blood cells were measured by gas chromatography (GC). TL in the cord blood and the placenta was determined using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) by calculating the product ratio of telomeric DNA to the single-copy gene β-globin. The TERT promoter methylation was analyzed by DNA bisulfite sequencing. The associations of maternal fatty acids with TL were analyzed by univariate and multivariate regression. We found that low concentrations of docosapentaenoci acid (DPA, C22: 5n-3) and total n-3 PUFAs, adrenic acid (ADA, C22: 4n-6), and osbond acid (OA, C22: 5n-6) and high concentrations of linoleic acid (LA, C18: 2n-6) in maternal erythrocytes were associated with the shortened TL in cord blood cells (estimated difference in univariate analysis −0.36 to −0.46 for extreme quintile compared with middle quintile), and that low concentrations of cord blood docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22: 6n-3) were related to the shortened TL in cord blood cells. Differently, high concentrations of α-linolenic acid (LNA, C18: 3n-3), eicosatrienoic acid (EA, C20: 3n-3), DHA, and γ-linoleic acid (GLA, C18:3n-6) in maternal erythrocytes were associated with the shortened TL in the placenta (estimated difference in univariate analysis −0.36 to −0.45 for higher quintiles compared with the middle quintile). Further examination demonstrated that the concentrations of DHA and total n-3 PUFAs in maternal erythrocytes had positive associations with DNA methylation of the TERT promoter in the cord blood instead of the placenta. These data suggest that maternal PUFAs are closely correlated to infant TL and the TERT promoter methylation, which are differently affected by maternal n-3 PUFAs between the cord blood and the placenta. Therefore, keeping higher levels of maternal n-3 PUFAs during pregnancy may help to maintain TL in the offspring, which is beneficial to long-term health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoyu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuqin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yurong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yurong Zhao
| | - Kemin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- Kemin Qi
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14
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Saadat N, Puttabyatappa M, Elangovan VR, Dou J, Ciarelli JN, Thompson RC, Bakulski KM, Padmanabhan V. Developmental Programming: Prenatal Testosterone Excess on Liver and Muscle Coding and Noncoding RNA in Female Sheep. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6413684. [PMID: 34718504 PMCID: PMC8667859 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal testosterone (T)-treated female sheep manifest peripheral insulin resistance, ectopic lipid accumulation, and insulin signaling disruption in liver and muscle. This study investigated transcriptional changes and transcriptome signature of prenatal T excess-induced hepatic and muscle-specific metabolic disruptions. Genome-wide coding and noncoding (nc) RNA expression in liver and muscle from 21-month-old prenatal T-treated (T propionate 100 mg intramuscular twice weekly from days 30-90 of gestation; term: 147 days) and control females were compared. Prenatal T (1) induced differential expression of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in liver (15 down, 17 up) and muscle (66 down, 176 up) (false discovery rate < 0.05, absolute log2 fold change > 0.5); (2) downregulated mitochondrial pathway genes in liver and muscle; (3) downregulated hepatic lipid catabolism and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling gene pathways; (4) modulated noncoding RNA (ncRNA) metabolic processes gene pathway in muscle; and (5) downregulated 5 uncharacterized long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in the muscle but no ncRNA changes in the liver. Correlation analysis showed downregulation of lncRNAs LOC114112974 and LOC105607806 was associated with decreased TPK1, and LOC114113790 with increased ZNF470 expression. Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis identified mRNAs HADHA and SLC25A45, and microRNAs MIR154A, MIR25, and MIR487B in the liver and ARIH1 and ITCH and miRNAs MIR369, MIR10A, and MIR10B in muscle as potential biomarkers of prenatal T excess. These findings suggest downregulation of mitochondria, lipid catabolism, and PPAR signaling genes in the liver and dysregulation of mitochondrial and ncRNA gene pathways in muscle are contributors of lipotoxic and insulin-resistant hepatic and muscle phenotype. Gestational T excess programming of metabolic dysfunctions involve tissue-specific ncRNA-modulated transcriptional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Saadat
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48019-5718, USA
| | - Muraly Puttabyatappa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48019-5718, USA
| | | | - John Dou
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48019-5718, USA
| | - Joseph N Ciarelli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48019-5718, USA
| | - Robert C Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48019-5718, USA
| | - Kelly M Bakulski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48019-5718, USA
| | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48019-5718, USA
- Correspondence: Vasantha Padmanabhan, PhD, MS, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, 7510 MSRB1, 1150 W Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48019-5718, USA.
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Paternal Exercise Improves the Metabolic Health of Offspring via Epigenetic Modulation of the Germline. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010001. [PMID: 35008427 PMCID: PMC8744992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Epigenetic regulation is considered the main molecular mechanism underlying the developmental origin of health and disease's (DOHAD) hypothesis. Previous studies that have investigated the role of paternal exercise on the metabolic health of the offspring did not control for the amount and intensity of the training or possible effects of adaptation to exercise and produced conflicting results regarding the benefits of parental exercise to the next generation. We employed a precisely regulated exercise regimen to study the transgenerational inheritance of improved metabolic health. METHODS We subjected male mice to a well-controlled exercise -training program to investigate the effects of paternal exercise on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in their adult progeny. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of epigenetic inheritance, we determined chromatin markers in the skeletal muscle of the offspring and the paternal sperm. RESULTS Offspring of trained male mice exhibited improved glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Paternal exercise modulated the DNA methylation profile of PI3Kca and the imprinted H19/Igf2 locus at specific differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in the skeletal muscle of the offspring, which affected their gene expression. Remarkably, a similar DNA methylation profile at the PI3Kca, H19, and Igf2 genes was present in the progenitor sperm indicating that exercise-induced epigenetic changes that occurred during germ cell development contributed to transgenerational transmission. CONCLUSION Paternal exercise might be considered as a strategy that could promote metabolic health in the offspring as the benefits can be inherited transgenerationally.
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16
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Environmental Alterations during Embryonic Development: Studying the Impact of Stressors on Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101564. [PMID: 34680959 PMCID: PMC8536136 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) sauch as diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases are rising rapidly in all countries world-wide. Environmental maternal factors (e.g., diet, oxidative stress, drugs and many others), maternal illnesses and other stressors can predispose the newborn to develop diseases during different stages of life. The connection between environmental factors and NCDs was formulated by David Barker and colleagues as the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis. In this review, we describe the DOHaD concept and the effects of several environmental stressors on the health of the progeny, providing both animal and human evidence. We focus on cardiovascular diseases which represent the leading cause of death worldwide. The purpose of this review is to discuss how in vitro studies with pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), such as embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (ESC, iPSC), can underpin the research on non-genetic heart conditions. The PSCs could provide a tool to recapitulate aspects of embryonic development “in a dish”, studying the effects of environmental exposure during cardiomyocyte (CM) differentiation and maturation, establishing a link to molecular mechanism and epigenetics.
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Weyde KVF, Olsen AK, Duale N, Kamstra JH, Skogheim TS, Caspersen IH, Engel SM, Biele G, Xia Y, Meltzer HM, Aase H, Villanger GD. Gestational blood levels of toxic metal and essential element mixtures and associations with global DNA methylation in pregnant women and their infants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 787:147621. [PMID: 34000534 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant women and their fetuses are exposed to multiple toxic metals that together with variations in essential element levels may alter epigenetic regulation, such as DNA methylation. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate the associations between gestational levels of toxic metals and essential elements and mixtures thereof, with global DNA methylation levels in pregnant women and their newborn children. METHODS Using 631 mother-child pairs from a prospective birth cohort (The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study), we measured maternal blood concentration (gestation week ~18) of five toxic metals and seven essential elements. We investigated associations as individual exposures and two-way interactions, using elastic net regression, and total mixture, using quantile g-computation, with blood levels of 5-methylcytocine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in mothers during pregnancy and their newborn children (cord blood). Multiple testing was adjusted for using the Benjamini and Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) approach. RESULTS The most sensitive marker of DNA methylation appeared to be 5mC levels. In pregnant mothers, elastic net regression indicated associations between 5mC and selenium and lead (non-linear), while in newborns results indicated relationships between maternal selenium, cobalt (non-linear) and mercury and 5mC, as well as copper (non-linear) and 5hmC levels. Several possible two-way interactions were identified (e.g. arsenic and mercury, and selenium and maternal smoking in newborns). None of these findings met the FDR threshold for multiple testing. No net effect was observed in the joint (mixture) exposure-approach using quantile g-computation. CONCLUSION We identified few associations between gestational levels of several toxic metals and essential elements and global DNA methylation in pregnant mothers and their newborn children. As DNA methylation dysregulation might be a key mechanism in disease development and thus of high importance for public health, our results should be considered as important candidates to investigate in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nur Duale
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jorke H Kamstra
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Stephanie M Engel
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Guido Biele
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Heidi Aase
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Bekdash RA. Early Life Nutrition and Mental Health: The Role of DNA Methylation. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093111. [PMID: 34578987 PMCID: PMC8469584 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Does the quality of our diet during early life impact our long-term mental health? Accumulating evidence suggests that nutrition interacts with our genes and that there is a strong association between the quality of diet and mental health throughout life. Environmental influences such as maternal diet during pregnancy or offspring diet have been shown to cause epigenetic changes during critical periods of development, such as chemical modifications of DNA or histones by methylation for the regulation of gene expression. One-carbon metabolism, which consists of the folate and methionine cycles, is influenced by the diet and generates S-Adenosylmethinoine (SAM), the main methyl donor for methylation reactions such as DNA and histone methylation. This review provides current knowledge on how the levels of one-carbon metabolism associated micronutrients such as choline, betaine, folate, methionine and B vitamins that play a role in brain function can impact our well-being and mental health across the lifespan. Micronutrients that act as methyl donors for SAM formation could affect global or gene methylation, altering gene expression and phenotype. Strategies should then be adopted to better understand how these nutrients work and their impact at different stages of development to provide individualized dietary recommendations for better mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola A Bekdash
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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Chiu Y, Fadadu RP, Gaskins AJ, Rifas‐Shiman SL, Laue HE, Moley KH, Hivert M, Baccarelli A, Oken E, Chavarro JE, Cardenas A. Dietary fat intake during early pregnancy is associated with cord blood DNA methylation at IGF2 and H19 genes in newborns. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2021; 62:388-398. [PMID: 34288135 PMCID: PMC8364885 DOI: 10.1002/em.22452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Maternal fat intake during pregnancy affects fetal growth, but mechanisms underlying this relationship are unclear. We performed an exploratory study of the associations of fat consumption during pregnancy with cord blood DNA methylation of the insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and H19 genes. We used data from 96 uncomplicated full-term pregnancies of mothers of whom majority had normal body mass index (BMI) (66%) in Project Viva, a prospective pre-birth cohort. We assessed maternal diet with validated food frequency questionnaires during the first and second trimesters and measured DNA methylation in segments of the IGF2- and H19-differentially methylated regions (DMRs) by pyrosequencing DNA extracted from umbilical cord blood samples. Mean (SD) age was 32.8 (4.1) years and prepregnancy BMI was 24.0 (4.4) kg/m2 . Mean DNA methylation was 56.3% (3.9%) for IGF2-DMR and 44.6% (1.9%) for H19-DMR. Greater first trimester intake of omega-6 polyunsaturated fat (effect per 1% of calories at the expense of carbohydrates) was associated with lower DNA methylation of IGF2-DMR (-1.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -2.2%, -0.2%) and higher DNA methylation at H19-DMR (0.8%; 95% CI: 0.3%, 1.3%). On the other hand, greater first trimester intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fat was associated with lower DNA methylation of the H19-DMR (-4.3%; 95% CI: -7.9%, -0.8%). We did not find significant associations of IGF2 and H19 methylation with IGF2 cord blood levels. Our findings suggest that early prenatal fat intake (omega-3, omega-6, and saturated fatty acids) may influence DNA methylation at the IGF2 and H19 locus, which could impact fetal development and long-term health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Han Chiu
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard TH Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Raj P. Fadadu
- School of MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Division of Environmental Health SciencesUniversity of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Audrey J. Gaskins
- Department of EpidemiologyRollins School of Public Health, Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Sheryl L. Rifas‐Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population MedicineHarvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Hannah E. Laue
- Department of EpidemiologyGeisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth CollegeHanoverNew HampshireUSA
| | - Kelle H. Moley
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Marie‐France Hivert
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population MedicineHarvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Andrea Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health SciencesMailman School of Public Health, Columbia UniversityNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population MedicineHarvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jorge E. Chavarro
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard TH Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NutritionHarvard TH Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Andres Cardenas
- Division of Environmental Health SciencesUniversity of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
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20
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Bacon ER, Brinton RD. Epigenetics of the developing and aging brain: Mechanisms that regulate onset and outcomes of brain reorganization. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:503-516. [PMID: 33657435 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brain development is a life-long process that encompasses several critical periods of transition, during which significant cognitive changes occur. Embryonic development, puberty, and reproductive senescence are all periods of transition that are hypersensitive to environmental factors. Rather than isolated episodes, each transition builds upon the last and is influenced by consequential changes that occur in the transition before it. Epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, provide mechanisms by which early events can influence development, cognition, and health outcomes. For example, parental environment influences imprinting patterns in gamete cells, which ultimately impacts gene expression in the embryo which may result in hypersensitivity to poor maternal nutrition during pregnancy, raising the risks for cognitive impairment later in life. This review explores how epigenetics induce and regulate critical periods, and also discusses how early environmental interactions prime a system towards a particular health outcome and influence susceptibility to disease or cognitive impairment throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza R Bacon
- Department of Neuroscience, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA; The Center for Precision Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Roberta Diaz Brinton
- Department of Neuroscience, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA; Center for Innovation in Brain Science, School of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
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21
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Liu X, Liu X, Shi Q, Fan X, Qi K. Association of telomere length and telomerase methylation with n-3 fatty acids in preschool children with obesity. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:24. [PMID: 33413203 PMCID: PMC7788823 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomeres play a crucial role in cellular survival and its length is a predictor for onset of chronic non-communicable diseases. Studies on association between telomeres and obesity in children have brought discrepant results and the underlying mechanisms and influential factors are to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate changes in telomere length and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) DNA methylation, and further to determine their correlation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in preschool children with obesity. METHODS Forty-six preschool children with obesity aged 3 to 4 years were included in the study, with equal numbers of age- and gender-matched children with normal weight as control. Leukocyte telomere length was determined by the ratio of telomeric product and single copy gene obtained using real-time qPCR. DNA methylation of TERT promoter was analyzed by bisulfite sequencing. Fatty acids in erythrocytes were measured by gas chromatography with a total of 15 fatty acids analyzed. The total saturated fatty acids (SFAs), total n-6 PUFAs, total n-3 PUFAs, and the ratio of arachidonic acid (AA) to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were calculated. Then the correlation between leukocyte telomere length, TERT promoter methylation and fatty acids was determined. RESULTS In preschool children with obesity, leukocyte telomeres were shortened and had a negative association with the body mass index. The methylated fractions in 13 of 25 CpG sites in the TERT promoter were increased by approximately 3 to 35% in the children with obesity compared to the normal weight children. Erythrocyte lauric acid and total SFAs, lenoleic acid and total n-6 PUFAs were higher, and DHA was lower in the children with obesity than those in the children with normal weight. Correlative analysis showed that leukocyte telomere length had a positive association with total SFAs and DHA, and a negative association with the AA/DHA ratio. However, no association between erythrocyte DHA and the TERT promoter methylation was found. CONCLUSION These data indicate that the reduced body DHA content and increased AA/DHA ratio may be associated with shortened leukocyte telomeres in child obesity, which is probably not involved in the TERT promoter methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyi Liu
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No.56 Nan-li-shi Road, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Xiaozhou Liu
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No.56 Nan-li-shi Road, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Qiaoyu Shi
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No.56 Nan-li-shi Road, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Xiuqin Fan
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No.56 Nan-li-shi Road, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Kemin Qi
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No.56 Nan-li-shi Road, Beijing, 100045, China.
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22
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Leachman JR, Rea MD, Cohn DM, Xu X, Fondufe-Mittendorf YN, Loria AS. Exacerbated obesogenic response in female mice exposed to early life stress is linked to fat depot-specific upregulation of leptin protein expression. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E852-E862. [PMID: 32830551 PMCID: PMC7790118 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00243.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) is an independent risk factor for increased BMI and cardiometabolic disease risk later in life. We have previously shown that a mouse model of ELS, maternal separation and early weaning (MSEW), exacerbates high-fat diet (HF)-induced obesity only in adult female mice. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate 1) whether the short- and long-term effects of HF on leptin expression are influenced by MSEW in a sex-specific manner and 2) the potential epigenetic mechanisms underlying the MSEW-induced changes in leptin expression. After 1 wk of HF, both MSEW male and female mice displayed increased fat mass compared with controls (P < 0.05). However, only MSEW female mice showed elevated leptin mRNA expression in gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT; P < 0.05). After 12 wk of HF, fat mass remained increased only in female mice (P < 0.05). Moreover, plasma leptin and both leptin mRNA and protein expression in gWAT were augmented in MSEW female mice compered to controls (P < 0.05), but not in MSEW male mice. This association was not present in subcutaneous WAT. Furthermore, among 16 CpG sites in the leptin promoter, we identified three hypomethylated sites in tissue from HF-fed MSEW female mice compared with controls (3, 15, and 16, P < 0.05). These hypomethylated sites showed greater binding of key adipogenic factors such as PPARγ (P < 0.05). Taken together, our study reveals that MSEW superimposed to HF increases leptin protein expression in a sex- and fat depot-specific fashion. Our data suggest that the mechanism by which MSEW increases leptin expression could be epigenetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline R Leachman
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Mathew D Rea
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Dianne M Cohn
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Xiu Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | | | - Analia S Loria
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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Changes in circulating miRNA19a-3p precede insulin resistance programmed by intra-uterine growth retardation in mice. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101083. [PMID: 32956848 PMCID: PMC7559280 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Individuals born with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) are more prone to cardio-metabolic diseases as adults, and environmental changes during the perinatal period have been identified as potentially crucial factors. We have studied in a preclinical model early-onset molecular alterations present before the development of a clinical phenotype. Methods We used a preclinical mouse model of induced IUGR, in which we modulated the nutrition of the pups during the suckling period, to modify their susceptibility to cardio-metabolic diseases in adulthood. Results Mice born with IUGR that were overfed (IUGR-O) during lactation rapidly developed obesity, hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance, by three months of age, whereas those subjected to nutrition restriction during lactation (IUGR-R) remained permanently thin and highly sensitive to insulin. Mice born with IUGR and fed normally during lactation (IUGR-N) presented an intermediate phenotype and developed insulin resistance by 12 months of age. Molecular alterations to the insulin signaling pathway with an early onset were observed in the livers of adult IUGR-N mice, nine months before the appearance of insulin resistance. The implication of epigenetic changes was revealed by ChIP sequencing, with both posttranslational H3K4me3 histone modifications and microRNAs involved. Conclusions These two changes lead to the coherent regulation of insulin signaling, with a decrease in Akt gene transcription associated with an increase in the translation of its inhibitor, Pten. Moreover, we found that the levels of the implicated miRNA19a-3p also decreased in the blood of young adult IUGR mice nine months before the appearance of insulin resistance, suggesting a possible role for this miRNA as an early circulating biomarker of metabolic fate of potential use for precision medicine. Male mice are highly sensitive to changes in nutrition during the perinatal period. Post-natal nutrition modulates metabolic diseases induced by IUGR in male mice. Metabolic programming by perinatal nutrition involves epigenetic mechanisms. Pre-symptomatic IUGR mice present molecular alterations of the insulin pathway. Plasma miRNA19a-3p levels are associated with the development of insulin resistance.
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24
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Napoli C, Benincasa G, Loscalzo J. Epigenetic Inheritance Underlying Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 39:653-664. [PMID: 30727752 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.312262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), the Warburg effect (glycolytic shift) and mitochondrial fission are determinants of phenotype alterations characteristic of the disease, such as proliferation, apoptosis resistance, migration, endothelial-mesenchymal transition, and extracellular matrix stiffness. Current therapies, focusing largely on vasodilation and antithrombotic protection, do not restore these aberrant phenotypes suggesting that additional pathways need be targeted. The multifactorial nature of PAH suggests epigenetic changes as potential determinants of vascular remodeling. Transgenerational epigenetic changes induced by hypoxia can result in permanent changes early in fetal development increasing PAH risk in adulthood. Unlike genetic mutations, epigenetic changes are pharmacologically reversible, making them an attractive target as therapeutic strategies for PAH. This review offers a landscape of the most current clinical, epigenetic-sensitive changes contributing to PAH vascular remodeling both in early and later life, with a focus on a network medicine strategy. Furthermore, we discuss the importance of the application (from morphogenesis to disease onset) of molecular network-based algorithms to dissect PAH molecular pathobiology. Additionally, we suggest an integrated network-based program for clinical disease gene discovery that may reveal novel biomarkers and novel disease targets, thus offering a truly innovative path toward redefining and treating PAH, as well as facilitating the trajectory of a comprehensive precision medicine approach to PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Napoli
- From the Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic, and Geriatric Sciences (C.N., G.B.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Units AOU (C.N., G.B.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuditta Benincasa
- From the Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic, and Geriatric Sciences (C.N., G.B.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Units AOU (C.N., G.B.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.L.)
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25
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Geurtsen ML, Jaddoe VWV, Salas LA, Santos S, Felix JF. Newborn and childhood differential DNA methylation and liver fat in school-age children. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 12:3. [PMID: 31892367 PMCID: PMC6938624 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0799-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common chronic liver disease in children in western countries. Adverse early-life exposures are associated with higher liver fat percentages in children. Differential DNA methylation may underlie these associations. We aimed to identify differential DNA methylation in newborns and children associated with liver fat accumulation in childhood. We also examined whether DNA methylation at 22 cytosine-phosphate-guanine sites (CpGs) associated with adult non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with liver fat in children. Within a population-based prospective cohort study, we analyzed epigenome-wide DNA methylation data of 785 newborns and 344 10-year-old children in relation to liver fat fraction at 10 years. DNA methylation was measured using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (Illumina). We measured liver fat fraction by Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Associations of single CpG DNA methylation at the two-time points with liver fat accumulation were analyzed using robust linear regression models. We also analyzed differentially methylation regions using the dmrff package. We looked-up associations of 22 known adult CpGs at both ages with liver fat at 10 years. RESULTS The median liver fat fraction was 2.0% (95% range 1.3, 5.1). No single CpGs and no differentially methylated regions were associated with liver fat accumulation. None of the 22 known adult CpGs were associated with liver fat in children. CONCLUSIONS DNA methylation at birth and in childhood was not associated with liver fat accumulation in 10-year-old children in this study. This may be due to modest sample sizes or DNA methylation changes being a consequence rather than a determinant of liver fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelon L Geurtsen
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lucas A Salas
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Susana Santos
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Janine F Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, the Netherlands. .,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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26
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Şanlı E, Kabaran S. Maternal Obesity, Maternal Overnutrition and Fetal Programming: Effects of Epigenetic Mechanisms on the Development of Metabolic Disorders. Curr Genomics 2019; 20:419-427. [PMID: 32476999 PMCID: PMC7235386 DOI: 10.2174/1389202920666191030092225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal obesity and maternal overnutrition, can lead to epigenetic alterations during pregnancy and these alterations can influence fetal and neonatal phenotype which increase the risk of metabolic disorders in later stages of life. OBJECTIVE The effects of maternal obesity on fetal programming and potential mechanisms of maternal epigenetic regulation of gene expression which have persistent effects on fetal health and development were investigated. METHODS Review of the literature was carried out in order to discuss the effects of maternal obesity and epigenetic mechanisms in fetal programming of metabolic disorders. All abstracts and full-text articles were examined and the most relevant articles were included in this review. RESULTS Maternal obesity and maternal overnutrition during fetal period has important overall effects on long-term health. Maternal metabolic alterations during early stages of fetal development can lead to permanent changes in organ structures, cell numbers and metabolism. Epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation, histone modifications, microRNAs) play an important role in disease susceptibility in the later stages of human life. Maternal nutrition alter expression of hypothalamic genes which can increase fetal and neonatal energy intake. Epigenetic modifications may affect the increasing rate of obesity and other metabolic disorders worldwide since the impact of these changes can be passed through generations. CONCLUSION Weight management before and during pregnancy, together with healthy nutritional intakes may improve the maternal metabolic environment, which can reduce the risks of fetal programming of metabolic diseases. Further evidence from long-term follow-up studies are needed in order to determine the role of maternal obesity on epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Şanlı
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, T.R. North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Seray Kabaran
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, T.R. North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey
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27
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Thompson LP, Song H, Polster BM. Fetal Programming and Sexual Dimorphism of Mitochondrial Protein Expression and Activity of Hearts of Prenatally Hypoxic Guinea Pig Offspring. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7210249. [PMID: 31249648 PMCID: PMC6589217 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7210249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic intrauterine hypoxia is a programming stimulus of cardiovascular dysfunction. While the fetal heart adapts to the reduced oxygenation, the offspring heart becomes vulnerable to subsequent metabolic challenges as an adult. Cardiac mitochondria are key organelles responsible for an efficient energy supply but are subject to damage under hypoxic conditions. We propose that intrauterine hypoxia alters mitochondrial function as an underlying programming mechanism of contractile dysfunction in the offspring. Indices of mitochondrial function such as mitochondrial DNA content, Complex (C) I-V expression, and CI/CIV enzyme activity were measured in hearts of male and female offspring at 90 days old exposed to prenatal hypoxia (10.5% O2) for 14 d prior to term (65 d). Both left ventricular tissue and cardiomyocytes exhibited decreased mitochondrial DNA content, expression of CIV, and CI/CIV activity in male hearts. In female cardiomyocytes, hypoxia had no effect on protein expression of CI-CV nor on CI/CIV activity. This study suggests that chronic intrauterine hypoxia alters the intrinsic properties of select respiratory complexes as a programming mechanism of cardiac dysfunction in the offspring. Sex differences in mitochondrial function may underlie the increased vulnerability of age-matched males compared to females in cardiovascular disease and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren P. Thompson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hong Song
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Brian M. Polster
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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28
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Aylwin CF, Toro CA, Shirtcliff E, Lomniczi A. Emerging Genetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying Pubertal Maturation in Adolescence. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2019; 29:54-79. [PMID: 30869843 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The adolescent transition begins with the onset of puberty which, upstream in the brain, is initiated by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generator that activates the release of peripheral sex hormones. Substantial research in human and animal models has revealed a myriad of cellular networks and heritable genes that control the GnRH pulse generator allowing the individual to begin the process of reproductive competence and sexual maturation. Here, we review the latest knowledge in neuroendocrine pubertal research with emphasis on genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying the pubertal transition.
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29
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Monteagudo-Sánchez A, Sánchez-Delgado M, Mora JRH, Santamaría NT, Gratacós E, Esteller M, de Heredia ML, Nunes V, Choux C, Fauque P, de Nanclares GP, Anton L, Elovitz MA, Iglesias-Platas I, Monk D. Differences in expression rather than methylation at placenta-specific imprinted loci is associated with intrauterine growth restriction. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:35. [PMID: 30808399 PMCID: PMC6390544 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0630-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide studies have begun to link subtle variations in both allelic DNA methylation and parent-of-origin genetic effects with early development. Numerous reports have highlighted that the placenta plays a critical role in coordinating fetal growth, with many key functions regulated by genomic imprinting. With the recent description of wide-spread polymorphic placenta-specific imprinting, the molecular mechanisms leading to this curious polymorphic epigenetic phenomenon is unknown, as is their involvement in pregnancies complications. RESULTS Profiling of 35 ubiquitous and 112 placenta-specific imprinted differentially methylated regions (DMRs) using high-density methylation arrays and pyrosequencing revealed isolated aberrant methylation at ubiquitous DMRs as well as abundant hypomethylation at placenta-specific DMRs. Analysis of the underlying chromatin state revealed that the polymorphic nature is not only evident at the level of allelic methylation, but DMRs can also adopt an unusual epigenetic signature where the underlying histones are biallelically enrichment of H3K4 methylation, a modification normally mutually exclusive with DNA methylation. Quantitative expression analysis in placenta identified two genes, GPR1-AS1 and ZDBF2, that were differentially expressed between IUGRs and control samples after adjusting for clinical factors, revealing coordinated deregulation at the chromosome 2q33 imprinted locus. CONCLUSIONS DNA methylation is less stable at placenta-specific imprinted DMRs compared to ubiquitous DMRs and contributes to privileged state of the placenta epigenome. IUGR-associated expression differences were identified for several imprinted transcripts independent of allelic methylation. Further work is required to determine if these differences are the cause IUGR or reflect unique adaption by the placenta to developmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Monteagudo-Sánchez
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, Av. Gran Via de L'Hospotalet 199-203, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Sánchez-Delgado
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, Av. Gran Via de L'Hospotalet 199-203, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Ramon Hernandez Mora
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, Av. Gran Via de L'Hospotalet 199-203, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Tubío Santamaría
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, Av. Gran Via de L'Hospotalet 199-203, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Leibniz Institute on Aging, Jena, Germany
| | - Eduard Gratacós
- Fetal I+D Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, Gran via, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miguel López de Heredia
- Human Molecular Genetics group, Genes, disease and Therapy Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, Av. Gran Via de L'Hospitalet 199-203, 08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virgina Nunes
- Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Human Molecular Genetics group, Genes, disease and Therapy Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, Av. Gran Via de L'Hospitalet 199-203, 08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciòn Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecile Choux
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté - INSERM UMR1231, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Patricia Fauque
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté - INSERM UMR1231, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Guiomar Perez de Nanclares
- (Epi) Genetics Laboratory, BioAraba National Health Institute, Hospital Universitario Araba-Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava, Spain
| | - Lauren Anton
- Maternal and Child Health Research Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Michal A Elovitz
- Maternal and Child Health Research Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Isabel Iglesias-Platas
- GReN (Grup de Reçerca en Neonatologia), BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Institut de Reçerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Monk
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, Av. Gran Via de L'Hospotalet 199-203, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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Jakubowski H. Homocysteine Modification in Protein Structure/Function and Human Disease. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:555-604. [PMID: 30427275 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00003.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies established that elevated homocysteine, an important intermediate in folate, vitamin B12, and one carbon metabolism, is associated with poor health, including heart and brain diseases. Earlier studies show that patients with severe hyperhomocysteinemia, first identified in the 1960s, exhibit neurological and cardiovascular abnormalities and premature death due to vascular complications. Although homocysteine is considered to be a nonprotein amino acid, studies over the past 2 decades have led to discoveries of protein-related homocysteine metabolism and mechanisms by which homocysteine can become a component of proteins. Homocysteine-containing proteins lose their biological function and acquire cytotoxic, proinflammatory, proatherothrombotic, and proneuropathic properties, which can account for the various disease phenotypes associated with hyperhomocysteinemia. This review describes mechanisms by which hyperhomocysteinemia affects cellular proteostasis, provides a comprehensive account of the biological chemistry of homocysteine-containing proteins, and discusses pathophysiological consequences and clinical implications of their formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieronim Jakubowski
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, International Center for Public Health , Newark, New Jersey ; and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland
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Maternal dietary calcium status during pregnancy and lactation affects brain DHA accretion through modifying DNA methylation of fatty acid desaturases in the mouse offspring. Nutr Res 2019; 65:29-42. [PMID: 30954344 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Disturbed calcium homeostasis has detrimental effects on brain development and function, particularly in early life because of epigenetic determination of early nutrition on later health. We hypothesized that the imbalance of calcium status in early life might have long-lasting effects on brain DHA accretion though epigenetic modification on fatty acid desaturases (Fads). Three to four week old C57BL/6J female mice were fed 3 reproductive diets with different calcium concentrations - low (LC, 0.25%), normal (NC, 0.70%) and high-calcium (HC, 1.20%) respectively throughout pregnancy and lactation. Maternal LC diet reduced tissue (brain and hepatic) DHA concentrations in both male and female offsprings at postnatal 21 day, with reductions in male instead of female offsprings in adulthood. Maternal HC diet only reduced hepatic DHA concentration in adult male offsprings. Furthermore, maternal LC diet reduced hepatic but increased brain expressions of Fads1 or Fads2 in 21-days old offsprings, with similar changes in adult male instead of female offsprings. Maternal HC diet reduced hepatic or brain expressions of Fads1 or Fads2 in 21-days old offsprings, and only reduced Fads2 in the liver with adult male offsprings. Determination of DNA methylation (CpG4, CpG5, CpG7,8, CpG14-17 and CpG19) showed that maternal LC diet caused hypermethylation of Fads2 promoter in the liver and hypomethylation in the brain in 21-days old offsprings, as well as in adult male offsprings. These data demonstrate that the imbalance of calcium intake in early life might have long-term gender-specific effects on brain accretion of DHA mediated by altered DNA methylation and associated expressions of Fads.
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Aylwin CF, Vigh-Conrad K, Lomniczi A. The Emerging Role of Chromatin Remodeling Factors in Female Pubertal Development. Neuroendocrinology 2019; 109:208-217. [PMID: 30731454 PMCID: PMC6794153 DOI: 10.1159/000497745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To attain sexual competence, all mammalian species go through puberty, a maturational period during which body growth and development of secondary sexual characteristics occur. Puberty begins when the diurnal pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release from the hypothalamus increases for a prolonged period of time, driving the adenohypophysis to increase the pulsatile release of luteinizing hormone with diurnal periodicity. Increased pubertal GnRH secretion does not appear to be driven by inherent changes in GnRH neuronal activity; rather, it is induced by changes in transsynaptic and glial inputs to GnRH neurons. We now know that these changes involve a reduction in inhibitory transsynaptic inputs combined with increased transsynaptic and glial excitatory inputs to the GnRH neuronal network. Although the pubertal process is known to have a strong genetic component, during the last several years, epigenetics has been implicated as a significant regulatory mechanism through which GnRH release is first repressed before puberty and is involved later on during the increase in GnRH secretion that brings about the pubertal process. According to this concept, a central target of epigenetic regulation is the transcriptional machinery of neurons implicated in stimulating GnRH release. Here, we will briefly review the hormonal changes associated with the advent of female puberty and the role that excitatory transsynaptic inputs have in this process. In addition, we will examine the 3 major groups of epigenetic modifying enzymes expressed in the neuroendocrine hypothalamus, which was recently shown to be involved in pubertal development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Francisco Aylwin
- Division of Genetics, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Katinka Vigh-Conrad
- Division of Genetics, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Alejandro Lomniczi
- Division of Genetics, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), Beaverton, Oregon, USA,
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Gutierrez Sanchez LH, Tomita K, Guo Q, Furuta K, Alhuwaish H, Hirsova P, Baheti S, Alver B, Hlady R, Robertson KD, Ibrahim SH. Perinatal Nutritional Reprogramming of the Epigenome Promotes Subsequent Development of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Hepatol Commun 2018; 2:1493-1512. [PMID: 30556038 PMCID: PMC6287484 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
With the epidemic of obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common pediatric liver disease. The influence of a perinatal obesity‐inducing diet (OID) on the development and progression of NAFLD in offspring is important but incompletely studied. Hence, we fed breeding pairs of C57BL/6J mice during gestation and lactation (perinatally) either chow or an OID rich in fat, fructose, and cholesterol (FFC). The offspring were weaned to either chow or an FFC diet, generating four groups: perinatal (p)Chow‐Chow, pChow‐FFC, pFFC‐Chow, and pFFC‐FFC. Mice were sacrificed at 10 weeks of age. We examined the whole‐liver transcriptome by RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) and whole‐liver genome methylation by reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS). Our results indicated that the pFFC‐FFC mice had a significant increase in hepatic steatosis, injury, inflammation, and fibrosis, as assessed histologically and biochemically. We identified 189 genes that were differentially expressed and methylated in the pFFC‐FFC mice versus the pChow‐FFC mice. Gene set enrichment analysis identified hepatic fibrosis/hepatic stellate cell activation as the top canonical pathway, suggesting that the differential DNA methylation events in the mice exposed to the FFC diet perinatally were associated with a profibrogenic transcriptome. To verify that this finding was consistent with perinatal nutritional reprogramming of the methylome, we exposed pFFC‐Chow mice to an FFC diet in adulthood. These mice developed significant hepatic steatosis, injury, inflammation, and more importantly fibrosis when compared to the appropriate controls. Conclusion: Perinatal exposure to an OID primes the immature liver for an accentuated fibrosing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) phenotype, likely through nutritional reprogramming of the offspring methylome. These data have potential clinical implications for monitoring children of obese mothers and risk stratification of children with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyoko Tomita
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
| | - Kunimaro Furuta
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
| | - Husam Alhuwaish
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
| | - Petra Hirsova
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN.,Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics University Hospital Hradec Kralove Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Saurabh Baheti
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
| | - Bonnie Alver
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
| | - Ryan Hlady
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
| | - Keith D Robertson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
| | - Samar H Ibrahim
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
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Early-life origins of disparities in chronic diseases among Indigenous youth: pathways to recovering health disparities from intergenerational trauma. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2018; 10:115-122. [PMID: 30223914 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174418000661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Indigenous women and children experience some of the most profound health disparities globally. These disparities are grounded in historical and contemporary trauma secondary to colonial atrocities perpetuated by settler society. The health disparities that exist for chronic diseases may have their origins in early-life exposures that Indigenous women and children face. Mechanistically, there is evidence that these adverse exposures epigenetically modify genes associated with cardiometabolic disease risk. Interventions designed to support a resilient pregnancy and first 1000 days of life should abrogate disparities in early-life socioeconomic status. Breastfeeding, prenatal care and early child education are key targets for governments and health care providers to start addressing current health disparities in cardiometabolic diseases among Indigenous youth. Programmes grounded in cultural safety and co-developed with communities have successfully reduced health disparities. More works of this kind are needed to reduce inequities in cardiometabolic diseases among Indigenous women and children worldwide.
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Abbasi IHR, Abbasi F, Wang L, Abd El Hack ME, Swelum AA, Hao R, Yao J, Cao Y. Folate promotes S-adenosyl methionine reactions and the microbial methylation cycle and boosts ruminants production and reproduction. AMB Express 2018; 8:65. [PMID: 29687201 PMCID: PMC5913057 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0592-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Folate has gained significant attention due to its vital role in biological methylation and epigenetic machinery. Folate, or vitamin (B9), is only produced through a de novo mechanism by plants and micro-organisms in the rumen of mature animals. Although limited research has been conducted on folate in ruminants, it has been noted that ruminal synthesis could not maintain folate levels in high yielding dairy animals. Folate has an essential role in one-carbon metabolism and is a strong antiproliferative agent. Folate increases DNA stability, being crucial for DNA synthesis and repair, the methylation cycle, and preventing oxidation of DNA by free radicals. Folate is also critical for cell division, metabolism of proteins, synthesis of purine and pyrimidine, and increasing the de novo delivery of methyl groups and S-adenosylmethionine. However, in ruminants, metabolism of B12 and B9 vitamins are closely connected and utilization of folate by cells is significantly affected by B12 vitamin concentration. Supplementation of folate through diet, particularly in early lactation, enhanced metabolic efficiency, lactational performance, and nutritional quality of milk. Impaired absorption, oxidative degradation, or deficient supply of folate in ruminants affects DNA stability, cell division, homocysteine remethylation to methionine, de novo synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine, and increases DNA hypomethylation, uracil misincorporation into DNA, chromosomal damage, abnormal cell growth, oxidative species, premature birth, low calf weight, placental tube defects, and decreases production and reproduction of ruminant animals. However, more studies are needed to overcome these problems and reduce enormous dietary supplement waste and impaired absorption of folate in ruminants. This review was aimed to highlight the vital role of folic acid in ruminants performance.
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de Brito Alves JL, Costa-Silva JH. Maternal protein malnutrition induced-hypertension: New evidence about the autonomic and respiratory dysfunctions and epigenetic mechanisms. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 45:422-429. [PMID: 29164748 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Maternal protein malnutrition during the critical stages of development (pregnancy, lactation and first infancy) can lead to adult hypertension. Studies have shown that renal and cardiovascular dysfunctions can be associated to the development of hypertension in humans and rats exposed to maternal protein malnutrition. The etiology of hypertension, however, includes a complex network involved in central and peripheral blood pressure control. Recently, the hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system in protein-restricted rats has been reported. Studies have shown that protein malnutrition during pregnancy and/or lactation alters blood pressure control through mechanisms that include central sympathetic-respiratory dysfunctions and epigenetic modifications, which may contribute to adult hypertension. Thus, this review will discuss the historical context, new evidences of neurogenic disruption in respiratory-sympathetic activities and possible epigenetic mechanisms involved in maternal protein malnutrition induced- hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luiz de Brito Alves
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, UFPB, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - João Henrique Costa-Silva
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão-PE, Brazil
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Naumova OY, Dozier M, Dobrynin PV, Grigorev K, Wallin A, Jeltova I, Lee M, Raefski A, Grigorenko EL. Developmental dynamics of the epigenome: A longitudinal study of three toddlers. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2017; 66:125-131. [PMID: 29247702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation plays an important role in development, at the embryonic stages and later during the lifespan. Some epigenetic marks are highly conserved throughout the lifespan whereas others are closely associated with specific age periods and/or particular environmental factors. Little is known about the dynamics of epigenetic regulation during childhood, especially during the period of rapid early development. Our study was aimed to determine whether the developmental program at the early stages of human development is accompanied by significant changes in the systems of genome regulation, specifically, by genome-wide changes in DNA methylation. Using a sequencing approach (MBD-seq) we investigated genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in the T-lymphocytes of three healthy toddlers at two timepoints within the second year of life. Pairwise comparison of the methylation patterns across the individuals and time points was conducted to determine common longitudinal changes in the DNA methylation patterns. Despite relatively high interindividual variability in their epigenetic profiles and the dynamics of these profiles during the second year of life, all children showed consistent changes in the DNA methylation patterns of genes involved in the control of the immune system and genes related to the development of the CNS. Thereby, we provide evidence that early development might be accompanied by epigenetic changes in specific functional groups of genes; many such epigenetic changes appear to be related to the rapid development of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana Yu Naumova
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Dept. of Psychology, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mary Dozier
- Dept. of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Pavel V Dobrynin
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kirill Grigorev
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Allison Wallin
- Dept. of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Ida Jeltova
- Private Psychological Practice, Ridgewood, NJ, USA
| | - Maria Lee
- Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Adam Raefski
- Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elena L Grigorenko
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Dept. of Psychology, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Office of the Rector, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia.
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Sculley DV, Lucock M. Maternal Undernutrition and Type 2 Diabetes in Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People: History and Future Direction. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH AND HYPOTHESIS IN MEDICINE 2017; 2:1-5. [DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2017.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Diehl
- From the Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (A.M.D); and Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (C.D.)
| | - Christopher Day
- From the Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (A.M.D); and Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (C.D.)
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The Role of Malnutrition during Pregnancy and Its Effects on Brain and Skeletal Muscle Postnatal Development. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/jfmk2030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
“Foetal programming” refers to nutritional and hormonal variations during pregnancy. A maternal proper diet has a fundamental role in decreasing pregnancy complications and to prevent possible diseases in postnatal life. In our narrative review, we analyze and discuss the role of malnutrition during pregnancy and its effects on pre- and postnatal development of embryos. Our review proposes a comprehensive and careful analysis of the studies in this field regarding malnutrition and foetal programming. Evidence shows that nutrient imbalance before implantation may result in somatic hypoevolutism at birth, and endocrine and metabolic dysfunctions in postnatal life. In addition, the maternal malnutrition could exert a suppressive effect on the maternal and foetal immune response. It could also affect both the proliferation of myogenic precursors reducing the number of muscle fibres and the future reproductive maturation with possible consequent impaired fertility and quality of gametes. In conclusion, it is necessary to develop dietary strategies to optimize nutrition, not only during pregnancy but already when it is programmed, in order to improve the outcomes of pregnancy, promote growth, healthy child development, reduce the risk of chronic diseases, and slow down the metabolic decline associated with aging.
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Body composition at birth and height at 2 years: a prospective cohort study among children in Jimma, Ethiopia. Pediatr Res 2017; 82:209-214. [PMID: 28422940 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDLow birth weight is associated with childhood stunting, but equivalent associations for birth body composition (BC) remain unknown. The aim of this study was to assess associations between birth BC and height-for-age z-score (HAZ) at 2 years of age.METHODSIn a prospective cohort study, fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were measured using air-displacement plethysmography within 48 h of birth. Linear regression models were applied to study the relationship between BC at birth and HAZ at 24 ±3 months.RESULTSA total of 268 children with height assessment at 2 years were included. Mean±SD HAZ at 2 years of age was -1.2±1.2, with 25.8% classified as stunted (HAZ <-2SD). FFM at birth was positively associated with HAZ at 2 years, independent of length at birth. When adjusted for potential confounders, HAZ at 2 years was 0.73 higher for each additional kg FFM at birth (β=0.73, 95% CI: 0.08, 1.38). FM was not associated with HAZ at 2 years in any model.CONCLUSIONThe FFM component of birth weight, independent of length at birth, explained variability in HAZ at 2 years. Further studies are required to explore how changes in early infant BC are associated with linear growth.
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Kalisch-Smith JI, Simmons DG, Pantaleon M, Moritz KM. Sex differences in rat placental development: from pre-implantation to late gestation. Biol Sex Differ 2017; 8:17. [PMID: 28523122 PMCID: PMC5434533 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-017-0138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A male fetus is suggested to be more susceptible to in utero and birth complications. This may be due in part to altered morphology or function of the XY placenta. We hypothesised that sexual dimorphism begins at the blastocyst stage with sex differences in the progenitor trophectoderm (TE) and its derived trophoblast lineages, as these cells populate the majority of cell types within the placenta. We investigated sex-specific differences in cell allocation in the pre-implantation embryo and further characterised growth and gene expression of the placental compartments from the early stages of the definitive placenta through to late gestation. METHODS Naturally mated Sprague Dawley dams were used to collect blastocysts at embryonic day (E) 5 to characterise cell allocation; total, TE, and inner cell mass (ICM), and differentiation to downstream trophoblast cell types. Placental tissues were collected at E13, E15, and E20 to characterise volumes of placental compartments, and sex-specific gene expression profiles. RESULTS Pre-implantation embryos showed no sex differences in cell allocation (total, TE and ICM) or early trophoblast differentiation, assessed by outgrowth area, number and ploidy of trophoblasts and P-TGCs, and expression of markers of trophoblast stem cell state or differentiation. Whilst no changes in placental structures were found in the immature E13 placenta, the definitive E15 placenta from female fetuses had reduced labyrinthine volume, fetal and maternal blood space volume, as well as fetal blood space surface area, when compared to placentas from males. No differences between the sexes in labyrinth trophoblast volume or interhaemal membrane thickness were found. By E20 these sex-specific placental differences were no longer present, but female fetuses weighed less than their male counterparts. Coupled with expression profiles from E13 and E15 placental samples may suggest a developmental delay in placental differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Although there were no overt differences in blastocyst cell number or early placental development, reduced growth of the female labyrinth in mid gestation is likely to contribute to lower fetal weight in females at E20. These data suggest sex differences in fetal growth trajectories are due at least in part, to differences in placenta growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Kalisch-Smith
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - D G Simmons
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - M Pantaleon
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - K M Moritz
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia.,Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD 4101 Australia
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Gagné-Ouellet V, Houde AA, Guay SP, Perron P, Gaudet D, Guérin R, Jean-Patrice B, Hivert MF, Brisson D, Bouchard L. Placental lipoprotein lipase DNA methylation alterations are associated with gestational diabetes and body composition at 5 years of age. Epigenetics 2017; 12:616-625. [PMID: 28486003 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2017.1322254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with obesity in childhood. This suggests that consequences of in utero exposure to maternal hyperglycemia extend beyond the fetal development, possibly through epigenetic programming. The aims of this study were to assess whether placental DNA methylation (DNAm) marks were associated with maternal GDM status and to offspring body composition at 5 years old in a prospective birth cohort. DNAm levels were measured in the fetal side of the placenta in 66 samples (24 from GDM mothers) using bisDNA-pyrosequencing. Anthropometric and body composition (bioimpedance) were measured in children at 5 years of age. Mann-Whitney and Spearman tests were used to assess associations between GDM, placental DNAm levels at the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) locus and children's weight, height, body mass index (BMI), body fat, and lean masses at 5 years of age. Weight, height, and BMI z-scores were computed according to the World Health Organization growth chart. Analyses were adjusted for gestational age at birth, child sex, maternal age, and pre-pregnancy BMI. LPL DNAm levels were positively correlated with birth weight z-scores (r = 0.252, P = 0.04), and with mid-childhood weight z-scores (r = 0.314, P = 0.01) and fat mass (r = 0.275, P = 0.04), and negatively correlated with lean mass (r = -0.306, P = 0.02). We found a negative correlation between LPL DNAm and mRNA levels in placenta (r = -0.459; P < 0.001), which highlights the regulation of transcriptional activity by these epivariations. We demonstrated that alterations in fetal placental DNAm levels at the LPL gene locus are associated with the anthropometric profile in children at 5 years of age. These findings support the concept of fetal metabolic programming through epigenetic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Gagné-Ouellet
- a Department of Biochemistry , Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke , QC , Canada.,b ECOGENE-21 Biocluster , Chicoutimi , Quebec , Canada , QC , Canada
| | - Andrée-Anne Houde
- c Department of Medicine , Université de Montréal , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Simon-Pierre Guay
- a Department of Biochemistry , Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke , QC , Canada.,b ECOGENE-21 Biocluster , Chicoutimi , Quebec , Canada , QC , Canada.,e Department of Medicine , Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke , QC , Canada
| | - Patrice Perron
- b ECOGENE-21 Biocluster , Chicoutimi , Quebec , Canada , QC , Canada.,e Department of Medicine , Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke , QC , Canada
| | - Daniel Gaudet
- b ECOGENE-21 Biocluster , Chicoutimi , Quebec , Canada , QC , Canada.,f Clinical Lipidology and Rare Lipid Disorders Unit, Department of Medicine , Université de Montréal Community Gene Medicine Center, Chicoutimi Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Renée Guérin
- d Department of Medical Biology , CIUSSS Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean - Chicoutimi Hospital , Saguenay , QC , Canada
| | | | - Marie-France Hivert
- e Department of Medicine , Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke , QC , Canada.,g Department of Population Medicine , Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Diane Brisson
- b ECOGENE-21 Biocluster , Chicoutimi , Quebec , Canada , QC , Canada.,f Clinical Lipidology and Rare Lipid Disorders Unit, Department of Medicine , Université de Montréal Community Gene Medicine Center, Chicoutimi Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Luigi Bouchard
- a Department of Biochemistry , Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke , QC , Canada.,b ECOGENE-21 Biocluster , Chicoutimi , Quebec , Canada , QC , Canada.,d Department of Medical Biology , CIUSSS Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean - Chicoutimi Hospital , Saguenay , QC , Canada
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Prachayasittikul V, Prathipati P, Pratiwi R, Phanus-Umporn C, Malik AA, Schaduangrat N, Seenprachawong K, Wongchitrat P, Supokawej A, Prachayasittikul V, Wikberg JES, Nantasenamat C. Exploring the epigenetic drug discovery landscape. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:345-362. [PMID: 28276705 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1295954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epigenetic modification has been implicated in a wide range of diseases and the ability to modulate such systems is a lucrative therapeutic strategy in drug discovery. Areas covered: This article focuses on the concepts and drug discovery aspects of epigenomics. This is achieved by providing a survey of the following concepts: (i) factors influencing epigenetics, (ii) diseases arising from epigenetics, (iii) epigenetic enzymes as druggable targets along with coverage of existing FDA-approved drugs and pharmacological agents, and (iv) drug repurposing/repositioning as a means for rapid discovery of pharmacological agents targeting epigenetics. Expert opinion: Despite significant interests in targeting epigenetic modifiers as a therapeutic route, certain classes of target proteins are heavily studied while some are less characterized. Thus, such orphan target proteins are not yet druggable with limited report of active modulators. Current research points towards a great future with novel drugs directed to the many complex multifactorial diseases of humans, which are still often poorly understood and difficult to treat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veda Prachayasittikul
- a Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Philip Prathipati
- b National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition , Osaka , Japan
| | - Reny Pratiwi
- a Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Chuleeporn Phanus-Umporn
- a Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Aijaz Ahmad Malik
- a Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Nalini Schaduangrat
- a Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Seenprachawong
- c Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Prapimpun Wongchitrat
- d Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Aungkura Supokawej
- c Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- e Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Jarl E S Wikberg
- f Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Chanin Nantasenamat
- a Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
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Anderson OS, Kim JH, Peterson KE, Sanchez BN, Sant KE, Sartor MA, Weinhouse C, Dolinoy DC. Novel Epigenetic Biomarkers Mediating Bisphenol A Exposure and Metabolic Phenotypes in Female Mice. Endocrinology 2017; 158:31-40. [PMID: 27824486 PMCID: PMC5412976 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that epigenetic modifications link developmental environmental insults to adult disease susceptibility. Animal studies have associated perinatal bisphenol A (BPA) exposure to altered DNA methylation, but these studies are often limited to candidate gene and global non-loci-specific approaches. By using an epigenome-wide discovery platform, we elucidated epigenetic alterations in liver tissue from adult mice offspring (10 months) following perinatal BPA exposure at human physiologically relevant doses (50-ng, 50-μg, and 50-mg BPA/kg diet). Biological pathway analysis identified an enrichment of significant differentially methylated regions in metabolic pathways among females. Furthermore, through the use of top enriched biological pathways, 4 candidate genes were chosen to assess DNA methylation as a mediating factor linking the association of perinatal BPA exposure to metabolic phenotypes previously observed in female offspring. DNA methylation status at Janus kinase-2 (Jak-2), retinoid X receptor (Rxr), regulatory factor x-associated protein (Rfxap), and transmembrane protein 238 (Tmem238) was used within a mediational regression analysis. DNA methylation in all four of the candidate genes was identified as a mediator in the mechanistic pathway of developmental BPA exposure and female-specific energy expenditure, body weight, and body fat phenotypes. Data generated from this study are crucial for deciphering the mechanistic role of epigenetics in the pathogenesis of chronic disease and the development of epigenetic-based prevention and therapeutic strategies for complex human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia S. Anderson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences,
- Department of Nutritional Sciences,
| | - Jung H. Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences,
| | | | | | | | - Maureen A. Sartor
- Department of Biostatistics, and
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | | | - Dana C. Dolinoy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences,
- Department of Nutritional Sciences,
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Early Life Stress Increases Metabolic Risk, HPA Axis Reactivity, and Depressive-Like Behavior When Combined with Postweaning Social Isolation in Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162665. [PMID: 27611197 PMCID: PMC5017766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-life stress is associated with depression and metabolic abnormalities that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Such associations could be due to increased glucocorticoid levels. Periodic maternal separation in the neonate and rearing in social isolation are potent stressors that increase hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis activity. Moreover, social isolation promotes feed intake and body weight gain in rats subjected to periodic maternal separation; however, its effects on metabolic risks have not been described. In the present study, we evaluated whether periodic maternal separation, social isolation rearing, and a combination of these two stressors (periodic maternal separation + social isolation rearing) impair glucose homeostasis and its relation to the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and depressive-like behavior. Periodic maternal separation increased basal corticosterone levels, induced a passive coping strategy in the forced swimming test, and was associated with a mild (24%) increase in fasting glucose, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Rearing in social isolation increased stress reactivity in comparison to both controls and in combination with periodic maternal separation, without affecting the coping strategy associated with the forced swimming test. However, social isolation also increased body weight gain, fasting glucose (120%), and insulin levels in rats subjected to periodic maternal separation. Correlation analyses showed that stress-induced effects on coping strategy on the forced swimming test (but not on metabolic risk markers) are associated with basal corticosterone levels. These findings suggest that maternal separation and postweaning social isolation affect stress and metabolic vulnerability differentially and that early-life stress-related effects on metabolism are not directly dependent on glucocorticoid levels. In conclusion, our study supports the cumulative stress hypothesis, which suggests that metabolic risk markers arise when vulnerable individuals are exposed to social challenges later in life.
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Chriett S, Le Huërou-Luron I, Vidal H, Pirola L. Dysregulation of sirtuins and key metabolic genes in skeletal muscle of pigs with spontaneous intrauterine growth restriction is associated with alterations of circulating IGF-1. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 232:76-85. [PMID: 26769588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal and early postnatal life determines future health, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) - associated low birth weight predisposes to metabolic syndrome in adulthood. We hypothesize here that IUGR might induce hormonal and gene expression alterations predisposing to metabolic disease. Using a porcine model of spontaneous IUGR, we determined in utero (71, 112days post-conception) and early-postnatal (2days post-birth) IGF-1, insulin and leptin levels, and in parallel we investigated, in skeletal muscle, the developmental expression patterns of sirtuins and metabolic and signaling genes IRS1, GLUT4, HK2 and GAPDH. IUGR was associated with impaired IGF-1 plasmatic levels. Gene expression of sirtuin 1, 5, 6, 7, GLUT4 and HK2 exhibited significant correlations with gestational age or body weight. SIRT1 and HK2 expression displayed an age- and weight-dependent downregulation in controls, which was lost in IUGR pigs. Conversely, SIRT2 and GLUT4 were upregulated in IUGR pigs. Within the set of genes studied, we found a significant correlation between IGF-1 levels and gene expression in control, but not IUGR samples, indicating that lower IGF-1 may be a limiting factor in IUGR. IUGR-dependent gene alterations were partly linked to epigenetic changes on histone H3 acetylation and methylation. Overall, our data indicate that several sirtuins and metabolic genes display specific gene expression trajectories during fetal and early postnatal life. Gene expression alterations observed in IUGR are correlated to IGF-1 dysregulation. Given the importance of the genes studied in metabolic control, their perinatal alterations might contribute to the predisposition to metabolic disease of adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Chriett
- Carmen (Cardiology, Metabolism and Nutrition) Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Lyon-1 University, South Lyon Medical Faculty, 69921 Oullins, France
| | | | - Hubert Vidal
- Carmen (Cardiology, Metabolism and Nutrition) Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Lyon-1 University, South Lyon Medical Faculty, 69921 Oullins, France
| | - Luciano Pirola
- Carmen (Cardiology, Metabolism and Nutrition) Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Lyon-1 University, South Lyon Medical Faculty, 69921 Oullins, France.
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Hocher B, Haumann H, Rahnenführer J, Reichetzeder C, Kalk P, Pfab T, Tsuprykov O, Winter S, Hofmann U, Li J, Püschel GP, Lang F, Schuppan D, Schwab M, Schaeffeler E. Maternal eNOS deficiency determines a fatty liver phenotype of the offspring in a sex dependent manner. Epigenetics 2016; 11:539-52. [PMID: 27175980 PMCID: PMC4939931 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1184800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal environmental factors can impact on the phenotype of the offspring via the induction of epigenetic adaptive mechanisms. The advanced fetal programming hypothesis proposes that maternal genetic variants may influence the offspring's phenotype indirectly via epigenetic modification, despite the absence of a primary genetic defect. To test this hypothesis, heterozygous female eNOS knockout mice and wild type mice were bred with male wild type mice. We then assessed the impact of maternal eNOS deficiency on the liver phenotype of wild type offspring. Birth weight of male wild type offspring born to female heterozygous eNOS knockout mice was reduced compared to offspring of wild type mice. Moreover, the offspring displayed a sex specific liver phenotype, with an increased liver weight, due to steatosis. This was accompanied by sex specific differences in expression and DNA methylation of distinct genes. Liver global DNA methylation was significantly enhanced in both male and female offspring. Also, hepatic parameters of carbohydrate metabolism were reduced in male and female offspring. In addition, male mice displayed reductions in various amino acids in the liver. Maternal genetic alterations, such as partial deletion of the eNOS gene, can affect liver metabolism of wild type offspring without transmission of the intrinsic defect. This occurs in a sex specific way, with more detrimental effects in females. This finding demonstrates that a maternal genetic defect can epigenetically alter the phenotype of the offspring, without inheritance of the defect itself. Importantly, these acquired epigenetic phenotypic changes can persist into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berthold Hocher
- a Department of Basic Medicine , Medical College of Hunan Normal University , Changsha , China.,b Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam , Nuthetal , Germany.,c IFLb, Laboratoriumsmedizin Berlin GmbH , Berlin , Germany
| | - Hannah Haumann
- d Department of Internal Medicine IV/Nephrology (UKBF) , Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin , Berlin , Germany.,e Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité Campus Mitte , Berlin , Germany
| | - Jan Rahnenführer
- b Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam , Nuthetal , Germany
| | | | - Philipp Kalk
- d Department of Internal Medicine IV/Nephrology (UKBF) , Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin , Berlin , Germany.,e Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité Campus Mitte , Berlin , Germany
| | - Thiemo Pfab
- d Department of Internal Medicine IV/Nephrology (UKBF) , Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin , Berlin , Germany.,f Diaverum Deutschland , Potsdam , Germany
| | - Oleg Tsuprykov
- b Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam , Nuthetal , Germany.,e Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité Campus Mitte , Berlin , Germany
| | - Stefan Winter
- g Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology , Stuttgart , Germany.,h University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Ute Hofmann
- g Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology , Stuttgart , Germany.,h University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Jian Li
- a Department of Basic Medicine , Medical College of Hunan Normal University , Changsha , China
| | - Gerhard P Püschel
- b Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam , Nuthetal , Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- i Institute of Physiology, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- j Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany.,k Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Matthias Schwab
- g Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology , Stuttgart , Germany.,l Department of Clinical Pharmacology , University Hospital Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany.,m Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry , University Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Elke Schaeffeler
- g Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology , Stuttgart , Germany.,h University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
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Gombeau K, Pereira S, Ravanat JL, Camilleri V, Cavalie I, Bourdineaud JP, Adam-Guillermin C. Depleted uranium induces sex- and tissue-specific methylation patterns in adult zebrafish. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 154:25-33. [PMID: 26829549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effects of chronic exposure to different concentrations (2 and 20 μg L(-)(1)) of environmentally relevant waterborne depleted uranium (DU) on the DNA methylation patterns both at HpaII restriction sites (5'-CCGG-3') and across the whole genome in the zebrafish brain, gonads, and eyes. We first identified sex-dependent differences in the methylation level of HpaII sites after exposure. In males, these effects were present as early as 7 days after exposure to 20 μg L(-)(1) DU, and were even more pronounced in the brain, gonads, and eyes after 24 days. However, in females, hypomethylation was only observed in the gonads after exposure to 20 μg L(-)(1) DU for 24 days. Sex-specific effects of DU were also apparent at the whole-genome level, because in males, exposure to 20 μg L(-)(1) DU for 24 days resulted in cytosine hypermethylation in the brain and eyes and hypomethylation in the gonads. In contrast, in females, hypermethylation was observed in the brain after exposure to both concentrations of DU for 7 days. Based on our current knowledge of uranium toxicity, several hypotheses are proposed to explain these findings, including the involvement of oxidative stress, alteration of demethylation enzymes and the calcium signaling pathway. This study reports, for the first time, the sex- and tissue-specific epigenetic changes that occur in a nonhuman organism after exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of uranium, which could induce transgenerational epigenetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewin Gombeau
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV/SERIS/LECO, Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, 13115, France
| | - Sandrine Pereira
- Neolys Diagnostics, Centre Léon Bérard, Bât Cheney A, 69008 LYON, France
| | - Jean-Luc Ravanat
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SCIB, 38000 Grenoble, France; CEA, INAC-SCIB Laboratoire des Lésions des Acides Nucléiques, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Virginie Camilleri
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV/SERIS/LECO, Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, 13115, France
| | - Isabelle Cavalie
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV/SERIS/LECO, Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, 13115, France
| | | | - Christelle Adam-Guillermin
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV/SERIS/LECO, Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, 13115, France.
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Change of epigenetic modification and human reproduction. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjr.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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