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Matin M, Matin FB, Ksepka N, Wysocki K, Mickael ME, Wieczorek M, Horbańczuk JO, Jóźwik A, Atanasov AG. The Clinical Research on Ginger (Zingiber officinale): Insights from ClinicalTrials.gov analysis. PLANTA MEDICA 2024. [PMID: 38944033 DOI: 10.1055/a-2357-7064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) has a rich history of traditional medicinal use and has attracted a global interest in its health benefits. This study aims to provide insights into the clinical research landscape on ginger, focusing on its pharmacological effects and studied health-related outcomes. The study design involves systematic analysis of data from clinical trials available on ClinicalTrials.gov and discussion of findings in the context of the existing scientific knowledge. A comprehensive analysis of clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov related to ginger was first conducted, and the scientific background related to specific ginger clinical research avenues was further evaluated through PubMed searches. A variety of trial designs were identified, including treatment, prevention, and supportive care objectives. A total of 188 studies were identified on ClinicalTrials.gov, of which 89 met the inclusion criteria. Among the 89 trials, treatment objectives were predominant (47.2%), and dietary supplements (40.4%) and drugs (27%) were the most prevalent intervention types. These trials covered various health outcomes, such as antiemetic activity, analgesic function, effects on health-related quality of life, blood pressure variation, energy expenditure, and reduction in xerostomia. This study analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the clinical trials landscape on ginger, focusing on its broad spectrum of potential health benefits. While individual trials show promising results, a significant gap in the available data with a low reporting rate of final results is identified, underscoring the need for further research to establish conclusive evidence of ginger's therapeutic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maima Matin
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Farhan Bin Matin
- Department of Pharmacy, East West University, Aftabnagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Natalia Ksepka
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Kamil Wysocki
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Michel-Edwar Mickael
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Marek Wieczorek
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jarosław Olav Horbańczuk
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Artur Jóźwik
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Magdalenka, Poland
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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2
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Kuttithodi AM, Narayanankutty A, Visakh NU, Job JT, Pathrose B, Olatunji OJ, Alfarhan A, Ramesh V. Chemical Composition of the Cinnamomum malabatrum Leaf Essential Oil and Analysis of Its Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibitory and Antibacterial Activities. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050940. [PMID: 37237843 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cinnamomum species are a group of plants belonging to the Lauraceae family. These plants are predominantly used as spices in various food preparations and other culinary purposes. Furthermore, these plants are attributed to having cosmetic and pharmacological potential. Cinnamomum malabatrum (Burm. f.) J. Presl is an underexplored plant in the Cinnamomum genus. The present study evaluated the chemical composition by a GC-MS analysis and antioxidant properties of the essential oil from C. malabatrum (CMEO). Further, the pharmacological effects were determined as radical quenching, enzyme inhibition and antibacterial activity. The results of the GC-MS analysis indicated the presence of 38.26 % of linalool and 12.43% of caryophyllene in the essential oil. Furthermore, the benzyl benzoate (9.60%), eugenol (8.75%), cinnamaldehyde (7.01%) and humulene (5.32%) were also present in the essential oil. The antioxidant activity was indicated by radical quenching properties, ferric-reducing potential and lipid peroxidation inhibition ex vivo. Further, the enzyme-inhibitory potential was confirmed against the enzymes involved in diabetes and diabetic complications. The results also indicated the antibacterial activity of these essential oils against different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration analysis revealed a higher antibacterial potential for C. malabatrum essential oil. Overall, the results identified the predominant chemical compounds of C. malabatrum essential oil and its biological and pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathi Moothakoottil Kuttithodi
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, PG & Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Devagiri, Calicut 673008, Kerala, India
| | - Arunaksharan Narayanankutty
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, PG & Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Devagiri, Calicut 673008, Kerala, India
| | - Naduvilthara U Visakh
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur 680656, Kerala, India
| | - Joice Tom Job
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, PG & Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Devagiri, Calicut 673008, Kerala, India
| | - Berin Pathrose
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur 680656, Kerala, India
| | - Opeyemi Joshua Olatunji
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand
| | - Ahmed Alfarhan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Varsha Ramesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3217, Australia
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3
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Saldanha LG, Dwyer JT, Hardy CJ, MacKay DJ. Perspectives on the Use of Proprietary Blends in Dietary Supplements. J Nutr 2023; 153:1305-1308. [PMID: 37004873 PMCID: PMC10196566 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper discusses the rationale for use of proprietary blends on dietary supplement labels, and their implications for researchers and consumers. The Dietary Supplement Health Education Act of 1994 allows the listing of nonnutrient dietary ingredients as proprietary blends on dietary supplement labels for companies to protect their unique formulas. The weight of the blend and names of the ingredients within the blends must be declared, but not the amounts of the individual ingredients within the proprietary blend. Thus, from label information, the amount of a dietary ingredient in a proprietary blend is not available for calculating exposures in assessments of intakes or for determining doses in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila G Saldanha
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Johanna T Dwyer
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Constance J Hardy
- Office of Dietary Supplement Programs, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Douglas J MacKay
- Consumer Healthcare Products Association (CHPA), Washington, DC, United States
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4
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González-Gómez L, Gañán J, Morante-Zarcero S, Pérez-Quintanilla D, Sierra I. Atropine and scopolamine occurrence in spices and fennel infusions. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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5
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Dwyer JT, Saldanha LG, Bailen R. Dietary supplement databases: Public health tools. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Saldanha LG, Dwyer JT, Bailen RA. Modernization of the National Institutes of Health Dietary Supplement Label Database. J Food Compost Anal 2021; 102. [PMID: 34366563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Launched in 2008, NIH's DSLD (https://dsld.nlm.nih.gov/dsld/) currently catalogs information printed on over 125,000 (historical and current) labels of dietary supplement products sold in the U.S.. The database is maintained and updated continuously, and new versions deployed regularly. The new home page includes a prominent search bar and counter that displays the number of searchable labels in the database. The redesigned website yields near-instantaneous label retrieval, a more attractive layout of information, tailored search filters and download options, and the ability to view data in pictorial formats resulting in a much-improved user experience. The modernization of the DSLD ensures that this NIH resource has new forms of data delivery to meet the needs of App developers and data scientists, and improved performance for users. The DSLD is updated frequently to reflect the products sold in the rapidly evolving U.S. dietary supplement market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila G Saldanha
- Office of Dietary Supplements National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 6100 Executive Blvd Bethesda MD USA 20892
| | - Johanna T Dwyer
- Office of Dietary Supplements National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 6100 Executive Blvd Bethesda MD USA 20892
| | - Richard A Bailen
- Office of Dietary Supplements National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 6100 Executive Blvd Bethesda MD USA 20892
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Slavova-Kazakova A, Janiak MA, Sulewska K, Kancheva VD, Karamać M. Synergistic, additive, and antagonistic antioxidant effects in the mixtures of curcumin with (-)-epicatechin and with a green tea fraction containing (-)-epicatechin. Food Chem 2021; 360:129994. [PMID: 33989877 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The combinations of curcumin with green tea flavan-3-ols produce various synergistic biological effects. This study aimed to verify the antioxidant effects in mixtures of curcumin with (-)-epicatechin (EC) or with EC fraction from green tea in a non-polar lipid system (triacylglycerol autoxidation) and in a polar conditions (ABTS assay). Curcumin was 2.5-2.6 and 2.9-3.6 times weaker antioxidant than EC and EC fraction, respectively. The synergism was found in mixtures using the isobologram analysis of ABTS•+ scavenging activity results. The strongest effect with a combination index of 0.751 was in the equimolar mixture of pure compounds. In the lipid system, antagonism occurred for curcumin and EC fraction combination. However, an additive effect was found between curcumin and EC. In conclusion, the antioxidant effects in the curcumin and EC mixtures depended on the polarity of the assay media, the ratio of antioxidants, and presence other phenolics in the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Slavova-Kazakova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Michał A Janiak
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Sulewska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Vessela D Kancheva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Magdalena Karamać
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
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Stuby J, Gravestock I, Wolfram E, Pichierri G, Steurer J, Burgstaller JM. Appetite-Suppressing and Satiety-Increasing Bioactive Phytochemicals: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092238. [PMID: 31533291 PMCID: PMC6769678 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide. Bioactive phytochemicals in food supplements are a trending approach to facilitate dieting and to improve patients' adherence to reducing food and caloric intake. The aim of this systematic review was to assess efficacy and safety of the most commonly used bioactive phytochemicals with appetite/hunger-suppressing and/or satiety/fullness-increasing properties. To be eligible, studies needed to have included at least 10 patients per group aged 18 years or older with no serious health problems except for overweight or obesity. Of those studies, 32 met the inclusion criteria, in which 27 different plants were tested alone or as a combination, regarding their efficacy in suppressing appetite/hunger and/or increasing satiety/fullness. The plant extracts most tested were derived from Camellia sinensis (green tea), Capsicum annuum, and Coffea species. None of the plant extracts tested in several trials showed a consistent positive treatment effect. Furthermore, only a few adverse events were reported, but none serious. The findings revealed mostly inconclusive evidence that the tested bioactive phytochemicals are effective in suppressing appetite/hunger and/or increasing satiety/fullness. More systematic and high quality clinical studies are necessary to determine the benefits and safety of phytochemical complementary remedies for dampening the feeling of hunger during dieting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Stuby
- Horten Centre for Patient Oriented Research and Knowledge Transfer, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (I.G.); (G.P.); (J.S.); (J.M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-44-255-7503
| | - Isaac Gravestock
- Horten Centre for Patient Oriented Research and Knowledge Transfer, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (I.G.); (G.P.); (J.S.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Evelyn Wolfram
- ZHAW Life Sciences und Facility Management, Phytopharmacy & Natural Product Research Group, 8820 Waedenswil, Switzerland;
| | - Giuseppe Pichierri
- Horten Centre for Patient Oriented Research and Knowledge Transfer, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (I.G.); (G.P.); (J.S.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Johann Steurer
- Horten Centre for Patient Oriented Research and Knowledge Transfer, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (I.G.); (G.P.); (J.S.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Jakob M. Burgstaller
- Horten Centre for Patient Oriented Research and Knowledge Transfer, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (I.G.); (G.P.); (J.S.); (J.M.B.)
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9
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Bailey RL, Dodd KW, Gahche JJ, Dwyer JT, Cowan AE, Jun S, Eicher-Miller HA, Guenther PM, Bhadra A, Thomas PR, Potischman N, Carroll RJ, Tooze JA. Best Practices for Dietary Supplement Assessment and Estimation of Total Usual Nutrient Intakes in Population-Level Research and Monitoring. J Nutr 2019; 149:181-197. [PMID: 30753685 PMCID: PMC6374152 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of dietary supplements (DS) is pervasive and can provide substantial amounts of micronutrients to those who use them. Therefore when characterizing dietary intakes, describing the prevalence of inadequacy or excess, or assessing relations between nutrients and health outcomes, it is critical to incorporate DS intakes to improve exposure estimates. Unfortunately, little is known about the best methods to assess DS, and the structure of measurement error in DS reporting. Several characteristics of nutrients from DS are salient to understand when comparing to those in foods. First, DS can be consumed daily or episodically, in bolus form and can deliver discrete and often very high doses of nutrients that are not limited by energy intakes. These characteristics contribute to bimodal distributions and distributions severely skewed to the right. Labels on DS often provide nutrient forms that differ from those found in conventional foods, and underestimate analytically derived values. Finally, the bioavailability of many nutrient-containing DS is not known and it may not be the same as the nutrients in a food matrix. Current methods to estimate usual intakes are not designed specifically to handle DS. Two temporal procedures are described to refer to the order that nutrient intakes are combined relative to usual intake procedures, referred to as a "shrinking" the distribution to remove random error. The "shrink then add" approach is preferable to the "add then shrink" approach when users and nonusers are combined for most research questions. Stratifying by DS before usual intake methods is another defensible option. This review describes how to incorporate nutrient intakes from DS to usual intakes from foods, and describes the available methods and fit-for-purpose of different analytical strategies to address research questions where total usual intakes are of interest at the group level for use in nutrition research and to inform policy decisions. Clinical Trial Registry: NCT03400436.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regan L Bailey
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN,Address correspondence to RLB (e-mail: )
| | - Kevin W Dodd
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Jaime J Gahche
- National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD
| | - Johanna T Dwyer
- National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alexandra E Cowan
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Shinyoung Jun
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | | | - Patricia M Guenther
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Anindya Bhadra
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Paul R Thomas
- National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nancy Potischman
- National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD
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10
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Bailey RL. Current regulatory guidelines and resources to support research of dietary supplements in the United States. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 60:298-309. [PMID: 30421981 PMCID: PMC6513729 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1524364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The U.S. Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) established the regulatory framework for dietary supplements as foods through the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). DSHEA outlined the legal definition, labeling requirements, and process for adverse event reporting for dietary supplements. FDA also issued formal guidance on current Good Manufacturing Practice to ensure that processes for preparation, packaging, labeling, and storage of supplements and ingredients are documented and meet specifications to ensure purity, composition, and strength. However, efficacy of dietary supplements is not required under U.S. law. Despite regulations to improve the marketplace, many challenges remain; as a result, the quality and safety of products available can be highly variable, especially for botanical and herbal products. The ability of regulators to successfully carry out their mission is hampered by the sheer number of products and manufacturing facilities and a lack of analytical methods for all ingredients and products in the marketplace, this is especially difficult for herbal and botanical dietary supplements. Safety issues continue to exist such as adulteration and contamination, especially with specific product types (i.e. body building, sexual enhancement). Thus, a need remains for continued efforts and improved techniques to assess the quality of dietary supplements, especially with regard to purity, bioavailability, and safety. This review will highlight the existing American regulatory framework for dietary supplements and will describe the remaining regulatory barriers to ensuring that safe and high-quality dietary supplements are offered in the marketplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regan L Bailey
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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11
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Dwyer JT, Bailen RA, Saldanha LG, Gahche JJ, Costello RB, Betz JM, Davis CD, Bailey RL, Potischman N, Ershow AG, Sorkin BC, Kuszak AJ, Rios-Avila L, Chang F, Goshorn J, Andrews KW, Pehrsson PR, Gusev PA, Harnly JM, Hardy CJ, Emenaker NJ, Herrick KA. The Dietary Supplement Label Database: Recent Developments and Applications. J Nutr 2018; 148:1428S-1435S. [PMID: 31249427 PMCID: PMC6597011 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To describe the history, key features, recent enhancements, and common applications of the Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD). Background and History Although many Americans use dietary supplements, databases of dietary supplements sold in the United States have not been widely available. The DSLD, an easily accessible public-use database was created in 2008 to provide information on dietary supplement composition for use by researchers and consumers. Rationale Accessing current information easily and quickly is crucial for documenting exposures to dietary supplements because they contain nutrients and other bioactive ingredients that may have beneficial or adverse effects on human health. This manuscript details recent developments with the DSLD to achieve this goal and provides examples of how the DSLD has been used. Recent Developments With periodic updates to track changes in product composition and capture new products entering the market, the DSLD currently contains more than 71,000 dietary supplement labels. Following usability testing with consumer and researcher user groups completed in 2016, improvements to the DSLD interface were made. As of 2017, both a desktop and mobile device version are now available. Since its inception in 2008, the use of the DSLD has included research, exposure monitoring, and other purposes by users in the public and private sectors. Future Directions Further refinement of the user interface and search features to facilitate ease of use for stakeholders is planned. Conclusions The DSLD can be used to track changes in product composition and capture new products entering the market. With over 71,000 DS labels it is a unique resource that policymakers, researchers, clinicians, and consumers may find valuable for multiple applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna T Dwyer
- Office of Dietary Supplement, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Richard A Bailen
- Office of Dietary Supplement, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Leila G Saldanha
- Office of Dietary Supplement, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jaime J Gahche
- Office of Dietary Supplement, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Rebecca B Costello
- Office of Dietary Supplement, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Joseph M Betz
- Office of Dietary Supplement, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Cindy D Davis
- Office of Dietary Supplement, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Regan L Bailey
- Office of Dietary Supplement, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nancy Potischman
- Office of Dietary Supplement, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Abby G Ershow
- Office of Dietary Supplement, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Barbara C Sorkin
- Office of Dietary Supplement, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Adam J Kuszak
- Office of Dietary Supplement, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Luisa Rios-Avila
- Office of Dietary Supplement, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Florence Chang
- National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jeanne Goshorn
- National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Karen W Andrews
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville, MD
| | - Pamela R Pehrsson
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville, MD
| | - Pavel A Gusev
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville, MD
| | - James M Harnly
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville, MD
| | - Constance J Hardy
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD
| | - Nancy J Emenaker
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kirsten A Herrick
- Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys/Analysis Branch, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD
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12
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Saldanha LG, Dwyer JT, Bailen RA, Andrews KW, Betz JW, Chang HF, Costello RB, Ershow AG, Goshorn J, Hardy CJ, Coates PM. Characteristics and Challenges of Dietary Supplement Databases Derived from Label Information. J Nutr 2018; 148:1422S-1427S. [PMID: 31505680 PMCID: PMC6857608 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Launched in 2008, the Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) permits the search of any term that appears anywhere on product labels. Since then, the database's search and download features have been periodically improved to enhance use for researchers and consumers. In this review, we describe how to customize searches and identify products and ingredients of interest to users in the DSLD, and provide the limitations of working with information derived from dietary supplement product labels. This article describes how data derived from information printed on product labels are entered and organized in the DSLD. Among the challenges are determining the chemical forms, types of extract, and amounts of dietary ingredients, especially when these are components of proprietary blends. The FDA announced new dietary supplement labeling regulations in May 2016. The 2017 DSLD has been updated to reflect them. These new regulations and examples cited in this article refer to this redesigned version of the DSLD. Search selection characteristics such as for product type and intended user group are as described in FDA guidance and regulations for dietary supplements. For this reason, some age groups (such as teens and seniors) and marketing recommendations for use (e.g., weight loss, performance, and other disease- or condition-specific claims) are not included in the search selections. The DSLD user interface features will be revised periodically to reflect regulatory and technologic developments to enhance user experience. A comprehensive database derived from analytically verified data on composition would be preferable to label data, but is not feasible for technical, logistic, and financial reasons. Therefore, a database derived from information printed on product labels is the only practical option at present for researchers, clinicians, and consumers interested in the composition of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila G Saldanha
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD,Address correspondence to LGS (e-mail: )
| | - Johanna T Dwyer
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Richard A Bailen
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Karen W Andrews
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD
| | - Joseph W Betz
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Hua F Chang
- MEDLINE/PubMed Database, National Institutes of Health Library, Bethesda, MD
| | - Rebecca B Costello
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Abby G Ershow
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jeanne Goshorn
- MEDLINE/PubMed Database, National Institutes of Health Library, Bethesda, MD
| | - Constance J Hardy
- Office of Dietary Supplement Programs, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD
| | - Paul M Coates
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Saldanha LG, Dwyer JT, Andrews KW, Brown LL, Costello RB, Ershow AG, Gusev PA, Hardy CJ, Pehrsson PR. Is Nutrient Content and Other Label Information for Prescription Prenatal Supplements Different from Nonprescription Products? J Acad Nutr Diet 2017; 117:1429-1436. [PMID: 28571654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal supplements are often recommended to pregnant women to help meet their nutrient needs. Many products are available, making it difficult to choose a suitable supplement because little is known about their labeling and contents to evaluate their appropriateness. OBJECTIVE To determine differences between prescription and nonprescription prenatal supplements available in the United States regarding declared nutrient and nonnutrient ingredients and the presence of dosing and safety-related information. DESIGN Using two publicly available databases with information about prenatal supplement products, information from prescription and nonprescription product labels were extracted and evaluated. For the 82 prescription and 132 nonprescription products, declared label amounts of seven vitamins and minerals, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the presence of other nonnutrient components, and the presence of key safety and informational elements as identified in two Department of Health and Human Services Office of Inspector General (OIG)'s 2003 reports were compiled and compared. RESULTS Compared with nonprescription products, prescription products contained significantly fewer vitamins (9±0.2 vs 11±0.3; P≤0.05) and minerals (4±0.1 vs 8±0.3; P≤0.05). Declared amounts of folic acid were higher in prescription products, whereas vitamin A, vitamin D, iodine, and calcium were higher in the nonprescription products. Amounts of iron, zinc, and DHA were similar. Virtually all products contained levels of one or more nutrients that exceeded the Recommended Dietary Allowances for pregnant and/or lactating women. Product type also influenced ingredients added. Fewer prescription products contained botanical ingredients (6% prescription vs 33% nonprescription) and probiotics (2% prescription vs 8% nonprescription). Only prescription products contained the stool softener docusate sodium. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis of prenatal supplements indicates that prescription and nonprescription supplements differ in terms of declared composition and nutrient strength, but have labels that are similarly sparse regarding aspects of use such as dosing information.
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