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Spezzini J, Ciccone V, Macaluso M, Pieracci Y, Flamini G, Donnini S, Calderone V, Testai L, Zinnai A. Citrus reticulata Olive Oil: Production and Nutraceutical Effects on the Cardiovascular System in an In Vivo Rat Model of Metabolic Disorder. Nutrients 2024; 16:3172. [PMID: 39339772 PMCID: PMC11435420 DOI: 10.3390/nu16183172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been significant exploration into the utilization of food by-products as natural reservoirs of bioactive substances, particularly in the creation of functional foods naturally enriched with antioxidants. Citrus peels represent a viable option for formulating enhanced olive oils that contribute to a healthier diet, due to their bioactive compound content. This study aimed to (i) ascertain the compositional characteristics of Citrus reticulata olive oil (CrOO) and (ii) assess its nutraceutical properties in rats with metabolic disorder induced by 3 weeks of feeding with a high-fat diet (HFD). The results showed a peculiar phytochemical composition, thanks to the contribution of citrus peels, which are excellent bio-products. In addition, it demonstrated HFD-induced weight gain (18 ± 2% for HFD vs. 13 ± 0.9% for CrOO) and showed protective effects on fasting blood glucose levels (90.2 ± 3.8 mg/dL for HFD vs. 72.3 ± 2.6 for CrOO). Furthermore, a reduction in cardiovascular risk (total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol = 5.0 ± 0.3 for HFD vs. 3.8 ± 0.3 for CrOO) and an improvement in myocardial tissue function were observed, as well as a significant reduction in inflammatory mediators such as iNOS, COX-2, and mPGES-1 in aortic vessel tissues, thus preserving endothelial function at the vascular level.
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Grants
- This research was funded by FERS-TOSCANA 2014-2020, LONG LIFE OIL, Bando 1: Progetti strategici di ricerca e sviluppo This research was funded by FERS-TOSCANA 2014-2020, LONG LIFE OIL, Bando 1: Progetti strategici di ricerca e sviluppo
- TEQEVO, PSR 2014-2020 Tuscany region, 16.2, Bando GAL F.A.R Maremma. TEQEVO, PSR 2014-2020 Tuscany region, 16.2, Bando GAL F.A.R Maremma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Spezzini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (J.S.); (Y.P.); (G.F.); (V.C.); (L.T.)
| | - Valerio Ciccone
- Department of Life Science, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Monica Macaluso
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Ylenia Pieracci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (J.S.); (Y.P.); (G.F.); (V.C.); (L.T.)
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Guido Flamini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (J.S.); (Y.P.); (G.F.); (V.C.); (L.T.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sandra Donnini
- Department of Life Science, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (J.S.); (Y.P.); (G.F.); (V.C.); (L.T.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (J.S.); (Y.P.); (G.F.); (V.C.); (L.T.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Zinnai
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Bouayed J, Vahid F. Carotenoid pattern intake and relation to metabolic status, risk and syndrome, and its components - divergent findings from the ORISCAV-LUX-2 survey. Br J Nutr 2024; 132:50-66. [PMID: 38639131 PMCID: PMC11420883 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524000758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Carotenoids are generally associated with health-beneficial effects; however, their intake patterns related to the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components remain controversial. This cross-sectional study investigated associations between dietary intakes of individual carotenoids, fruits and vegetables, and the MetS and its components. Dietary intakes of 1346 participants of the Observation des Risques et de la Santé Cardio-Vasculaire au Luxembourg (ORISCAV-LUX-2) study were investigated by a 174-item FFQ, and carotenoid intake was determined by linking findings using mainly the USDA food databases. Components of MetS and complementary variables, including anthropometric (BMI, waist circumferences and waist:hip ratio) and biological parameters (TAG, HDL-cholesterol, fasting blood glucose and blood pressure), were measured. Logistic (for MetS) and linear multivariable regression models (including assessing MetS as scores) adjusted for various confounders were created. α-and β-Carotene, as well as lutein + zeaxanthin, were inversely associated with MetS (also when it was measured on a continuous scale), reducing the odds for MetS by up to 48 %. However, lycopene, phytoene and phytofluene were rather positively associated with MetS scores and its components, though these adverse effects disappeared, at least for lycopene, when controlling for intakes of tomato-based convenience foods, in line with indicating a rather unhealthy/westernised diet. All these associations remained significant when including fruits and vegetables as confounders, suggesting that carotenoids were related to MetS independently from effects within fruits and vegetables. Thus, a high intake of carotenoids was bidirectionally associated with MetS, its severity, risk and its components, depending on the type of carotenoid. Future investigations are warranted to explore the inverse role that tomato-based carotenoids appear to suggest in relation to the MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaouad Bouayed
- Université de Lorraine, LCOMS/Neurotoxicologie Alimentaire et Bioactivité, 57000Metz, France
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Farhad Vahid
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
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Koós N, Vahid F, Bohn T. Protective effect of provitamin A dietary carotenoid intake on overweight/obesity and their relation to inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers - a case-control study. Food Funct 2024; 15:5510-5526. [PMID: 38690968 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05648a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
This investigation assessed associations between dietary carotenoid intake and the odds of overweight/obesity, as well as inflammatory/oxidative stress biomarkers, in 851 participants with overweight/obesity (BMI ≥25 kg m-2) and 754 normal-weight controls. A 124-item food-frequency-questionnaire (FFQ) and food composition databases were employed to estimate carotenoid intake. Binary logistic regressions assessed the association of carotenoid intake with the odds of overweight/obesity, adjusting for several potential confounders. Multiple linear regression models revealed associations between carotenoid intake and biomarkers (anthropometrics, blood lipids, inflammation, antioxidant status). Logistic regression models adjusted for various confounders and fruits and vegetables showed protective associations for provitamin A carotenoids (i.e., β-carotene + α-carotene + β-cryptoxanthin; odds ratio (OR): 0.655, p = 0.041) and astaxanthin (OR: 0.859, p = 0.017). Similarly adjusted multiple linear regressions revealed significant associations between several carotenoids and lower levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α and increased IL-10 and total antioxidant capacity. Further analysis revealed that lycopene was significantly associated with increased odds of overweight/obesity (OR: 1.595, p = 0.032) in a model adjusted for various confounders and vegetables (i.e., unadjusted for fruits). A protective association between the sum of provitamin A carotenoid and astaxanthin dietary intake and the odds of having overweight/obesity was found. The findings that carotenoids other than lycopene were not or inversely associated with the odds of overweight/obesity may point toward differentiating effects of various carotenoids or their associations with different food groups. Provitamin A rich food items including fruits and vegetables appear to be a prudent strategy to reduce inflammation and the odds of having overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Koós
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg.
| | - Farhad Vahid
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg.
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg.
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Donghia R, Campanella A, Bonfiglio C, Cuccaro F, Tatoli R, Giannelli G. Protective Role of Lycopene in Subjects with Liver Disease: NUTRIHEP Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:562. [PMID: 38398886 PMCID: PMC10892188 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver diseases are constantly increasing throughout the world and are often associated with other diseases, but above all they are caused by improper diet. Adherence to a diet with abundant vegetables has now been widely demonstrated to be important in combating this pathological condition. The aim of this study was to explore the protective role of lycopene (LYC) extracts from cooked and fresh tomato. METHODS The study cohort included 969 participants assessed in the NUTRIHEP cohort (2005-2006) and the associated follow-up (2014-2016), divided into two groups, based on liver condition: NAFLD, or AFLD and FLD. RESULTS The results indicated a statistical significance of LYC consumption, showing a protective role against liver disease, the best concentration being 9.50 mg/die, with an RR value of 0.59, p = 0.01, 0.39 to 0.90 at 95% C.I., and RRR = 0.40, p = 0.002, 0.22 to 0.71 at 95% C.I. CONCLUSIONS The protective role of LYC extracts from tomato has not been amply demonstrated in humans. We conclude that this is one of the few papers in the literature to evaluate the protective effect of LYC against liver disease, as well as how this molecule could be used in future possible treatments. Utilizing lycopene as a supplement alone or in combination with other foods could be useful for developing treatments with reduced contraindications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Donghia
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (A.C.); (C.B.); (R.T.); (G.G.)
| | - Angelo Campanella
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (A.C.); (C.B.); (R.T.); (G.G.)
| | - Caterina Bonfiglio
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (A.C.); (C.B.); (R.T.); (G.G.)
| | | | - Rossella Tatoli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (A.C.); (C.B.); (R.T.); (G.G.)
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (A.C.); (C.B.); (R.T.); (G.G.)
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Nikparast A, Etesami E, Rahmani J, Rafiei N, Ghanavati M. The association between plant-based diet indices and metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1305755. [PMID: 38260063 PMCID: PMC10800435 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1305755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim/introduction The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components have markedly increased worldwide. Among lifestyle factors introduced to lower the risk of MetS, healthy dietary patterns have gained considerable attention. This study aimed to assess the association between adherence to plant-based diet indices including O-PDI (overall plant-based diet index), H-PDI (healthy plant-based diet index), U-PDI (unhealthy plant-based diet index), and risk of MetS development. Methods To find related observational studies which assessed the association between Plant-based Diet indices and risk of MetS development, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched from January 2016 to November 2023. A random effects model was used to estimate pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). To assess the heterogeneity of included studies, the I2 index was used. Results Nine studies including 34,953 participants from the initial 288 studies were recognized to include in this meta-analysis study. According to pooled analysis, there was a significant relationship between the adherence to H-PDI and the lower risk of MetS (ES: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.97; I2 = 77.2%, p < 0.001), while greater adherence to U-PDI was associated with 27% increases in the risk of MetS (ES: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.54; I2 = 76.8%, p < 0.001). According to our analysis of the association between adherence to PDIs and the risk of MetS components, greater adherence to O-PDI and H-PDI was significantly associated with a higher risk of elevated FBS and obesity, respectively. As well, greater adherence to U-PDI was significantly associated with a higher risk of obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-C, and elevated FBS. Conclusion Our results highlighted the importance of food choices in the context of a plant-based dietary pattern, indicating that adherence to unhealthy plant-based dietary patterns rich in less healthful carbohydrates may induce the risk of MetS development. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42023428981.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nikparast
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Pediatrics Centre of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Etesami
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Rahmani
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazgoli Rafiei
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Matin Ghanavati
- Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bakac ER, Percin E, Gunes-Bayir A, Dadak A. A Narrative Review: The Effect and Importance of Carotenoids on Aging and Aging-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15199. [PMID: 37894880 PMCID: PMC10607816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is generally defined as a time-dependent functional decline that affects most living organisms. The positive increase in life expectancy has brought along aging-related diseases. Oxidative stress caused by the imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants can be given as one of the causes of aging. At the same time, the increase in oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) is main reason for the increase in aging-related diseases such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, liver, skin, and eye diseases and diabetes. Carotenoids, a natural compound, can be used to change the course of aging and aging-related diseases, thanks to their highly effective oxygen-quenching and ROS-scavenging properties. Therefore, in this narrative review, conducted using the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases and complying with the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) guidelines, the effects of carotenoids on aging and aging-related diseases were analyzed. Carotenoids are fat-soluble, highly unsaturated pigments that occur naturally in plants, fungi, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. A large number of works have been conducted on carotenoids in relation to aging and aging-related diseases. Animal and human studies have found that carotenoids can significantly reduce obesity and fatty liver, lower blood sugar, and improve liver fibrosis in cirrhosis, as well as reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and erythema formation, while also lowering glycated hemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose levels. Carotenoid supplementation may be effective in preventing and delaying aging and aging-related diseases, preventing and treating eye fatigue and dry eye disease, and improving macular function. These pigments can be used to stop, delay, or treat aging-related diseases due to their powerful antioxidant, restorative, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties. As an increasingly aging population emerges globally, this review could provide an important prospective contribution to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Rabia Bakac
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34065 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ece Percin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34065 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Gunes-Bayir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34065 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Agnes Dadak
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
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Jin Y, Arroo R. The protective effects of flavonoids and carotenoids against diabetic complications-A review of in vivo evidence. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1020950. [PMID: 37032781 PMCID: PMC10080163 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1020950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder caused either by inadequate insulin secretion, impaired insulin function, or both. Uncontrolled diabetes is characterized by hyperglycemia which over time leads to fatal damage to both macro-and microvascular systems, causing complications such as cardiovascular diseases, retinopathy and nephropathy. Diabetes management is conventionally delivered through modifications of diet and lifestyle and pharmacological treatment, using antidiabetic drugs, and ultimately insulin injections. However, the side effects and financial cost of medications often reduce patient compliance to treatment, negatively affecting their health outcomes. Natural phytochemicals from edible plants such as fruits and vegetables (F&V) and medicinal herbs have drawn a growing interest as potential therapeutic agents for treating diabetes and preventing the onset and progression of diabetic complications. Flavonoids, the most abundant polyphenols in the human diet, have shown antidiabetic effects in numerous in vitro and preclinical studies. The underlying mechanisms have been linked to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Carotenoids, another major group of dietary phytochemicals, have also shown antidiabetic potential in recent in vitro and in vivo experimental models, possibly through a mechanism of action similar to that of flavonoids. However, scientific evidence on the efficacy of these phytochemicals in treating diabetes or preventing the onset and progression of its complications in clinical settings is scarce, which delays the translation of animal study evidence to human applications and also limits the knowledge on their modes of actions in diabetes management. This review is aimed to highlight the potential roles of flavonoids and carotenoids in preventing or ameliorating diabetes-related complications based on in vivo study evidence, i.e., an array of preclinical animal studies and human intervention trials. The current general consensus of the underlying mechanisms of action exerted by both groups of phytochemicals is that their anti-inflammatory action is key. However, other potential mechanisms of action are considered. In total, 50 in vivo studies were selected for a review after a comprehensive database search via PubMed and ScienceDirect from January 2002 to August 2022. The key words used for analysis are type-2 diabetes (T2DM), diabetic complications, flavonoids, carotenoids, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, mechanisms of prevention and amelioration, animal studies and human interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Jin
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Yannan Jin,
| | - Randolph Arroo
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Nanoscale Delivery Systems of Lutein: An Updated Review from a Pharmaceutical Perspective. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091852. [PMID: 36145601 PMCID: PMC9501598 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are natural lipid-soluble pigments that produce yellow to red colors in plants as well as providing bright coloration in vegetables and fruits. Lutein belongs to the xanthophyll subgroup of the carotenoid family, which plays an essential role in photosynthesis and photoprotection in nature. In the human body, lutein, together with its isomer zeaxanthin and its metabolite meso-zeaxanthin, accumulates in the macula of the eye retina, which is responsible for central, high-resolution, and color vision. As a bioactive phytochemical, lutein has essential physiological functions, providing photoprotection against damaging blue light, along with the neutralization of oxidants and the preservation of the structural and functional integrity of cellular membranes. As a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, lutein unfortunately has a low bioavailability because of its lipophilicity and a low stability as a result of its conjugated double bonds. In order to enhance lutein stability and bioavailability and achieve its controlled delivery to a target, nanoscale delivery systems, which have great potential for the delivery of bioactive compounds, are starting to be employed. The current review highlights the advantages and innovations associated with incorporating lutein within promising nanoscale delivery systems, such as liposomes, nanoemulsions, polymer nanoparticles, and polymer–lipid hybrid nanoparticles, as well as their unique physiochemical properties.
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Ren T, Lin W, He S, Yang X, Xian M, Zhang Z, Luo W, Nie Q, Zhang X. Integrative Analysis of Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Data Reveals the Antioxidant Potential of Dietary Lutein in Chickens. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:906853. [PMID: 35812876 PMCID: PMC9260106 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.906853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lutein can increase the body's skin color and has antioxidant potential. However, how it affects lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in chickens remains unknown. In this study, 74-day-old male chickens raised on feed supplemented with lutein had higher hip, back, breast, leg, shin and abdominal fat yellowness than the control group, and the livers of chickens in the lutein group had higher superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and lower malondialdehyde activities. To clarify the potential regulatory network regulated by lutein, we used RNA-seq and nontargeted metabolomics to detect changes in the male chicken liver and plasma, respectively. A total of 243 differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction signaling pathways, among others. A total of 237 significantly different metabolites were enriched in lysine biosynthesis and degradation and glycerophospholipid metabolism signaling pathways, among others. Finally, we comprehensively analyzed metabolome and transcriptome data and found that many differentially expressed genes and significantly different metabolites play crucial roles in lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. In summary, dietary lutein can improve male chicken skin yellowness and antioxidant indices and affect liver gene expression and plasma metabolites and may help improve the health of chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuanhui Ren
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wujian Lin
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shizi He
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuxian Yang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingjian Xian
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Luo
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiquan Zhang
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Relationships between Skin Carotenoid Levels and Metabolic Syndrome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010014. [PMID: 35052521 PMCID: PMC8772725 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids have potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects; their protective roles are of particular interest in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The reflection spectroscopy method has been recently developed to noninvasively measure skin carotenoid (SC) levels, which highly correlates with serum concentration of carotenoids. The relationship between SC levels and metabolic syndrome has been investigated. We aimed to identify the differences in patient characteristics and SC levels between participants with and without MetS in a large health examination population. In addition, the relationships between SC levels and various clinical parameters related to MetS were investigated. SC levels were measured using a reflection spectroscopy. A total of 1812 Japanese participants (859 male, 953 female; mean age ± standard deviation (SD), 57.8 ± 11.0 years) comprised the study population, i.e., participants with MetS (n = 151) and those without MetS (n = 1661). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify variables associated with MetS. Compared to controls (377.3 ± 122.8), SC indices were significantly lower in patients with MetS (340.7 ± 112.5, p = 0.0004). Multivariate models also suggested that lower SC was significantly associated with MetS after adjustment for age, sex, smoking habit, and other potential risk factors for MetS. Furthermore, male gender (p < 0.0001), smoking habit (p < 0.0001) and worse lipid profiles (i.e., serum triglyceride (r = -0.1039, p < 0.0001), high-density lipoprotein (r = 0.1259, p < 0.0001), and usage of hypolipidemic agents (p = 0.0340)) were significantly associated with lower SC levels. The current study indicated that lower SC levels were significantly associated with MetS. This study highlights the antioxidant capacity of carotenoids in patients with MetS and the clinical utility of non-invasive and cost-effective SC measurement to detect participants who are at risk of developing MetS in a large population.
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Leh HE, Mohd Sopian M, Abu Bakar MH, Lee LK. The role of lycopene for the amelioration of glycaemic status and peripheral antioxidant capacity among the Type II diabetes mellitus patients: a case-control study. Ann Med 2021; 53:1059-1065. [PMID: 34180336 PMCID: PMC8245064 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1943515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of lycopene as a complementary medicine for Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is limited and controversial. This study evaluated the effect of lycopene intake on the changes of glycaemic status and antioxidant capacity among the T2DM patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS This case-control study involved the participation of 87 patients and 122 healthy individuals. Lycopene intake was assessed by using a food frequency questionnaire. The peripheral antioxidant capacity among the T2DM patients was evaluated. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were measured as indications of glycaemic status. RESULTS Peripheral antioxidant capacity was significantly lower in the T2DM group. Direct positive correlations were found between the lycopene intake and peripheral antioxidant level among the T2DM patients. Contrarily, HbA1c and FPG levels decreased significantly with the higher lycopene intake. CONCLUSIONS T2DM patients with a higher lycopene intake showed a greater peripheral antioxidant capacity and better glycaemic control. Lycopene may act to ameliorate oxidative stress and improve the pathophysiology of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Eng Leh
- Food Technology Program, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mastura Mohd Sopian
- Oncology and Radiological Sciences Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Hafizi Abu Bakar
- Bioprocess Technology Program, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Lai Kuan Lee
- Food Technology Program, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- CONTACT Lai Kuan Lee Food Technology Program, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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12
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Senkus KE, Zhang Y, Wang H, Tan L, Crowe-White KM. Lycopene supplementation of maternal and weanling high-fat diets influences adipose tissue development and metabolic outcomes of Sprague-Dawley offspring. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e96. [PMID: 34804517 PMCID: PMC8596078 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary patterns high in fat contribute to the onset of cardiometabolic disease through the accrual of adipose tissue (AT). Lycopene, a carotenoid shown to exert multiple health benefits, may disrupt these metabolic perturbations. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate AT development and obesity-associated metabolic outcomes in the neonate and weanling offspring of Sprague-Dawley mothers fed a high-fat diet (HFD = 50 % fat) with and without lycopene supplementation. Sprague-Dawley rats consumed either a normal fat diet (NFD; 25 % fat) or HFD throughout gestation. Upon delivery, half of HFD mothers were transitioned to an HFD supplemented with 1 % lycopene (HFDL). At postnatal day 14 (P14), P25, and P35, pups were euthanised, body weight was recorded, and visceral white AT (WAT) and brown AT (BAT) mass were determined. Serum redox status, adipokines, glucose and inflammatory biomarkers were evaluated, as well as BAT mRNA expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). The HFD was effective in inducing weight gain as evident by significantly greater BW and WAT in the HFD group compared to the NFD group across all time points. Compared to HFD, the HFDL group exhibited significantly greater BAT with concomitant reductions in WAT mass, serum lipid peroxides and serum glucose. No significant differences were observed in serum adipokines, inflammatory markers or UCP1 expression despite the aforementioned alterations in AT development. Results suggest that dietary lycopene supplementation may influence metabolic outcomes during the weaning and post-weaning periods. Additional research is warranted to elucidate molecular mechanisms by which lycopene influences AT biology.
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Key Words
- AC, Antioxidant Capacity
- AI, Adiposity Index
- AT, adipose tissue
- BAT, brown adipose tissue
- BW, body weight
- Brown adipose tissue
- HFD, high-fat diet
- HFDL, HFD supplemented with 1% lycopene
- High-fat diet
- Lycopene
- MDA, Malondialdehyde
- Maternal obesity
- Metabolic health
- NFD, normal fat diet
- Redox status
- UCP1, uncoupling protein 1
- WAT, white adipose tissue
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn E. Senkus
- Department of Human Nutrition, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Yanqi Zhang
- Department of Human Nutrition, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Human Nutrition, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Libo Tan
- Department of Human Nutrition, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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Zhang Y, Knol LL, Tan L. Association between Dietary Lutein/Zeaxanthin Intake and Metabolic Syndrome among US Females: An Analysis of National Health and Examination Surveys 2015-2018. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab123. [PMID: 34729448 PMCID: PMC8557647 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is greater among US females than males, mainly due to higher risks of dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia. Lutein and zeaxanthin (L/Z) are carotenoids that can alter the composition of lipoproteins, which may affect components of MetS. However, little is known about the association between L/Z intake and MetS, especially in females. The purpose of this study was to explore the relation between dietary L/Z or dietary plus supplemental L/Z intakes and MetS in women (n = 630), aged 20-50 y, participating in the NHANES 2015-2018. Compared with the lowest quartile, women in the highest quartile of dietary L/Z intake had significantly lower risk of MetS after adjusting for confounders (OR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.98). No significant relation was noted between dietary plus supplemental L/Z intake and MetS. Future cohort studies should investigate the effects of L/Z on MetS development in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Zhang
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Linda L Knol
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Libo Tan
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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Ahn YJ, Kim H. Lutein as a Modulator of Oxidative Stress-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091448. [PMID: 34573081 PMCID: PMC8470349 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lutein is a xanthophyll carotenoid obtained from various foods, such as dark green leafy vegetables and egg yolk. Lutein has antioxidant activity and scavenges reactive oxygen species such as singlet oxygen and lipid peroxy radicals. Oxidative stress activates inflammatory mediators, leading to the development of metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Thus, recent basic and clinical studies have investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of lutein based on its antioxidant activity and modulation of oxidant-sensitive inflammatory signaling pathways. Lutein suppresses activation of nuclear factor-kB and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and induction of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattratant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-α) and inflammatory enzymes (cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase). It also maintains the content of endogenous antioxidant (glutathione) and activates nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Nrf2 signaling-related antioxidant enzymes (hemeoxygenase-1, NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1, glutathione-s-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase). In this review, we have discussed the current knowledge regarding the anti-inflammatory function of lutein against inflammatory diseases in various organs, including neurodegenerative disorders, eye diseases, diabetic retinopathy, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, skin diseases, liver injury, obesity, and colon diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2123-3125; Fax: +82-2-364-5781
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15
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Inoue T, Yoshida K, Sasaki E, Aizawa K, Kamioka H. Effects of lycopene intake on HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels: A systematic review with meta-analysis. J Food Sci 2021; 86:3285-3302. [PMID: 34268742 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lycopene is a lipophilic unsaturated carotenoid and has a very strong singlet oxygen-quenching ability. Increased serum or plasma lycopene levels have been reported to be associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome. We aimed to investigate the effects of lycopene intake on blood HDL-cholesterol (HCL-c) and triglyceride (TG) levels, which are metabolic syndrome biomarkers, by systematic review and meta-analyses of human interventional trials. We searched 15 databases and included studies that assessed the effects of oral lycopene intake on blood HDL-c and TG levels of participants ≥18 years of age. Three reviewers independently selected applicable studies, then assessed study qualities. Data were pooled as standardized mean difference (SMD) and analyzed by random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed by I2 statistics. Meta-analysis including 12 trial arms (n = 781) revealed a significantly increased HDL-c level in the lycopene group compared with that in the control group (SMD = 0.33 [95% CI: 0.12, 0.54], p = 0.002) and moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 45%). Most subgroup meta-analyses (restricted to study design, test food type, intake period, and participants' characteristics) showed similar results for HDL-c level. On the other hand, meta-analysis including 11 studies (n = 854) revealed no significant difference in TG level between the lycopene and control groups. Most studies which met eligibility criteria had moderate risk of bias. Funnel plots for HDL-c and TG suggested an absence of publication bias. In conclusion, this systematic review and meta-analyses suggested that lycopene intake significantly improved blood HDL-c levels but not TG levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Inoue
- Nature & Wellness Research Department, Innovation Division, KAGOME CO., LTD., Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan.,Department of Ecological Symbiotic Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Yoshida
- Nature & Wellness Research Department, Innovation Division, KAGOME CO., LTD., Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Nature & Wellness Research Department, Innovation Division, KAGOME CO., LTD., Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Koichi Aizawa
- Nature & Wellness Research Department, Innovation Division, KAGOME CO., LTD., Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroharu Kamioka
- Department of Ecological Symbiotic Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Ugwor EI, James AS, Akamo AJ, Akinloye DI, Ezenandu EO, Emmanuel EA, Ugbaja RN. Lycopene alleviates western diet-induced elevations in anthropometrical indices of obesity, adipose lipids, and other nutritional parameters. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2021:1-9. [PMID: 34190627 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Given the unrelenting surge in the prevalence of obesity and the intensified efforts aimed at elucidating underlying mechanisms and proffering effective treatments, this study investigated the effects of lycopene on various anthropometrical indices of obesity. Methods: Thirty female Wistar rats were equally divided into two groups and fed either control diet or Western diet. After eight weeks, obese rats (fed Western diet) were divided into three groups (n=5); obese control received the vehicle, while the other two received lycopene (0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg body weight, respectively). Normal rats were grouped into three (n=5) and treated similarly. This treatment lasted for another two weeks, in addition to their respective diets. Afterwards, anthropometrical indices were taken. Results: The weight gain, adiposity index, abdominal and thoracic circumference, body mass index, and Lee index were significantly increased (p<0.05) in the obese rats compared to the normal control, by 108.3%, 102.1%, 81.5%, 97.6%, 47.4%, and 13.9%, respectively. The obese rats had significantly (p<0.05) higher adipose tissue lipid contents, daily feed (37.4%) and energy intake (66.0%), daily weight gain (108.3%), and feed efficiency (25.5%) compared to control. However, the treatment of obese rats with lycopene occasioned a dose-dependent reduction in the elevated anthropometrical and nutritional parameters. In addition, lycopene elicited significant reductions (p<0.05), ranging from 16-54%, in the adipose lipid contents. Conclusion: The data presented here illustrate the positive effects of lycopene on indices of obesity and other anthropometric parameters in obese female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Ifeanyichukwu Ugwor
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Adewale Segun James
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Adio Jamiu Akamo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Dorcas Ibukun Akinloye
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Obinna Ezenandu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Esther Ayobami Emmanuel
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Regina Ngozi Ugbaja
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.,Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Augustine University, Ilara-Epe, Lagos State, Nigeria
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17
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Abstract
Dietary intake and tissue levels of carotenoids have been associated with a reduced risk of several chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obesity, brain-related diseases and some types of cancer. However, intervention trials with isolated carotenoid supplements have mostly failed to confirm the postulated health benefits. It has thereby been speculated that dosing, matrix and synergistic effects, as well as underlying health and the individual nutritional status plus genetic background do play a role. It appears that our knowledge on carotenoid-mediated health benefits may still be incomplete, as the underlying mechanisms of action are poorly understood in relation to human relevance. Antioxidant mechanisms - direct or via transcription factors such as NRF2 and NF-κB - and activation of nuclear hormone receptor pathways such as of RAR, RXR or also PPARs, via carotenoid metabolites, are the basic principles which we try to connect with carotenoid-transmitted health benefits as exemplified with described common diseases including obesity/diabetes and cancer. Depending on the targeted diseases, single or multiple mechanisms of actions may play a role. In this review and position paper, we try to highlight our present knowledge on carotenoid metabolism and mechanisms translatable into health benefits related to several chronic diseases.
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18
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Armstrong AJS, Quinn K, Fouquier J, Li SX, Schneider JM, Nusbacher NM, Doenges KA, Fiorillo S, Marden TJ, Higgins J, Reisdorph N, Campbell TB, Palmer BE, Lozupone CA. Systems Analysis of Gut Microbiome Influence on Metabolic Disease in HIV-Positive and High-Risk Populations. mSystems 2021; 6:e01178-20. [PMID: 34006628 PMCID: PMC8269254 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01178-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor metabolic health, characterized by insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, is higher in people living with HIV and has been linked with inflammation, antiretroviral therapy (ART) drugs, and ART-associated lipodystrophy (LD). Metabolic disease is associated with gut microbiome composition outside the context of HIV but has not been deeply explored in HIV infection or in high-risk men who have sex with men (HR-MSM), who have a highly altered gut microbiome composition. Furthermore, the contribution of increased bacterial translocation and associated systemic inflammation that has been described in HIV-positive and HR-MSM individuals has not been explored. We used a multiomic approach to explore relationships between impaired metabolic health, defined using fasting blood markers, gut microbes, immune phenotypes, and diet. Our cohort included ART-treated HIV-positive MSM with or without LD, untreated HIV-positive MSM, and HR-MSM. For HIV-positive MSM on ART, we further explored associations with the plasma metabolome. We found that elevated plasma lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) was the most important predictor of impaired metabolic health and network analysis showed that LBP formed a hub joining correlated microbial and immune predictors of metabolic disease. Taken together, our results suggest the role of inflammatory processes linked with bacterial translocation and interaction with the gut microbiome in metabolic disease among HIV-positive and -negative MSM.IMPORTANCE The gut microbiome in people living with HIV (PLWH) is of interest since chronic infection often results in long-term comorbidities. Metabolic disease is prevalent in PLWH even in well-controlled infection and has been linked with the gut microbiome in previous studies, but little attention has been given to PLWH. Furthermore, integrated analyses that consider gut microbiome, together with diet, systemic immune activation, metabolites, and demographics, have been lacking. In a systems-level analysis of predictors of metabolic disease in PLWH and men who are at high risk of acquiring HIV, we found that increased lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, an inflammatory marker indicative of compromised intestinal barrier function, was associated with worse metabolic health. We also found impaired metabolic health associated with specific dietary components, gut microbes, and host and microbial metabolites. This study lays the framework for mechanistic studies aimed at targeting the microbiome to prevent or treat metabolic endotoxemia in HIV-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail J S Armstrong
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers the State University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kevin Quinn
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jennifer Fouquier
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sam X Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Nichole M Nusbacher
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Katrina A Doenges
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Suzanne Fiorillo
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Tyson J Marden
- Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Janine Higgins
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Nichole Reisdorph
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Thomas B Campbell
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Brent E Palmer
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Matsumoto M, Suganuma H, Ozato N, Shimizu S, Katashima M, Katsuragi Y, Mikami T, Itoh K, Nakaji S. Association between Serum Concentration of Carotenoid and Visceral Fat. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030912. [PMID: 33799771 PMCID: PMC7999533 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of fruits and vegetables rich in carotenoids has been widely reported to prevent cardiovascular diseases. However, the relationship between serum carotenoid concentrations and visceral fat area (VFA), which is considered a better predictor of cardiovascular diseases than the body-mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, remains unclear. Therefore, we examined the relationship in healthy individuals in their 20s or older, stratified by sex and age, to compare the relationship between serum carotenoid concentrations and VFA and BMI. The study was conducted on 805 people, the residents in Hirosaki city, Aomori prefecture, who underwent a health checkup. An inverse relationship between serum carotenoid concentrations and VFA and BMI was observed only in women. In addition, the results were independent of the intake of dietary fiber, which is mainly supplied from vegetables as well as carotenoids. This suggests that consumption of a diet rich in carotenoids (especially lutein and beta-carotene) is associated with lower VFA, which is a good predictor of cardiovascular disease, especially in women. This study is the first to comprehensively evaluate the association between serum carotenoid levels and VFA in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Matsumoto
- Innovation Division, KAGOME CO. LTD., 17 Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2762, Japan; (H.S.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-80-1581-1874
| | - Hiroyuki Suganuma
- Innovation Division, KAGOME CO. LTD., 17 Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2762, Japan; (H.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Naoki Ozato
- Department of Active Life Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan; (N.O.); (M.K.); (Y.K.)
- Health & Wellness Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo 131-8501, Japan
| | - Sunao Shimizu
- Innovation Division, KAGOME CO. LTD., 17 Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2762, Japan; (H.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Vegetable Life Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan;
- Innovation Center for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan; (T.M.); (S.N.)
| | - Mitsuhiro Katashima
- Department of Active Life Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan; (N.O.); (M.K.); (Y.K.)
- Health & Wellness Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo 131-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Katsuragi
- Department of Active Life Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan; (N.O.); (M.K.); (Y.K.)
- Health & Wellness Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo 131-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Mikami
- Innovation Center for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan; (T.M.); (S.N.)
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Vegetable Life Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan;
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Nakaji
- Innovation Center for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan; (T.M.); (S.N.)
- Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
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Iqbal WA, Mendes I, Finney K, Oxley A, Lietz G. Reduced plasma carotenoids in individuals suffering from metabolic diseases with disturbances in lipid metabolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2021; 72:879-891. [PMID: 33586569 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2021.1882962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This review summarises the association between serum carotenoids, serum retinoids and dietary intake outcomes with obesity/overweight and individuals with metabolic diseases with disturbances in lipid metabolism. Observational studies reporting dietary intakes and serum concentrations of carotenoids and retinol were collected from Medline and Web of Science. Mean differences were calculated between "cases" (classified as obese, overweight or having a metabolic disease with disturbances in lipid metabolism; i.e. non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia or metabolic syndrome) and "comparator group" (classified as normal weight healthy individuals) and summarised in meta-analyses. Significant summary measures were observed for most serum provitamin A and non-provitamin A carotenoids. Studies reporting total serum carotenoids had shown the greatest decrease (-0.28 µmol/l [-0.33, -0.23], p<.001, I2=62.5%, n = 7). There were no significant summary measures for dietary outcomes, suggesting a physiological role of low serum carotenoids in the development of obesity and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim A Iqbal
- Plant and Microbe Group, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ines Mendes
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Divino Espírito Santo Hospital, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Kieran Finney
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anthony Oxley
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Georg Lietz
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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Marcelino G, Machate DJ, Freitas KDC, Hiane PA, Maldonade IR, Pott A, Asato MA, Candido CJ, Guimarães RDCA. β-Carotene: Preventive Role for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245803. [PMID: 33316948 PMCID: PMC7763535 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are vital antioxidants for plants and animals. They protect cells from oxidative events and act against the inflammatory process and carcinogenesis. Among the most abundant carotenoids in human and foods is β-carotene. This carotenoid has the highest level of provitamin A activity, as it splits into two molecules of retinol through the actions of the cytosolic enzymes: β-carotene-15,15′-monooxygenase (β-carotene-15,15′-oxygenase 1) and β-carotene-9′,10′-dioxygenase (β-carotene-9′,10′-oxygenase 2). The literature supports the idea that β-carotene acts against type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Due to the many processes involved in β-carotene biosynthesis and metabolic function, little is known about such components, since many mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, our study concisely described the relationships between the consumption of carotenoids, with emphasis on β-carotene, and obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated parameters in order to understand the preventive role of carotenoids better and encourage their consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Marcelino
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (G.M.); (P.A.H.); (C.J.C.); (R.d.C.A.G.)
| | - David Johane Machate
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), Graduate Program in Science of Materials, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil;
| | - Karine de Cássia Freitas
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (G.M.); (P.A.H.); (C.J.C.); (R.d.C.A.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Priscila Aiko Hiane
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (G.M.); (P.A.H.); (C.J.C.); (R.d.C.A.G.)
| | - Iriani Rodrigues Maldonade
- Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Vegetables), Brasília 70275-970, Brazil;
| | - Arnildo Pott
- Laboratory of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil;
| | - Marcel Arakaki Asato
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil;
| | - Camila Jordão Candido
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (G.M.); (P.A.H.); (C.J.C.); (R.d.C.A.G.)
| | - Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (G.M.); (P.A.H.); (C.J.C.); (R.d.C.A.G.)
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Akbarzade Z, Amini MR, Djafari F, Yarizadeh H, Mohtashaminia F, Majdi M, Bazshahi E, Djafarian K, Clark CCT, Shab-Bidar S. Association of Nutrient Patterns with Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Iranian Adults. Clin Nutr Res 2020; 9:318-331. [PMID: 33204671 PMCID: PMC7644369 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2020.9.4.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to examine the association between nutrient patterns and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Iranian adults. In a cross-sectional study of 850 self-certified healthy women and men aged 20-59 years old, dietary data were assessed using three 24-hour recall. Anthropometric measures were done and blood samples were collected to measure serum fasting serum glucose and lipid profile. The MetS was defined using the International Diabetes Federation. Major nutrient patterns were identified using principle competent analysis. In the first nutrient pattern, the individuals in the fifth quintile had a higher intake of vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, zinc, iron, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), and protein. In the second nutrient pattern, individuals in the first quintile had lower consumption of zinc, SFAs, vitamin E, α-tocopherol, oleic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids, β-carotene, linolenic acid, and monounsaturated fatty acids, compared to the fifth quintile. Furthermore, in the third nutrient pattern, the individuals in the fifth quintile had a higher intake of potassium, magnesium, phosphorous, calcium, protein, carbohydrate, vitamin C, and folate compared to other quintiles. We identified the second pattern had an indirect association with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, fasting blood sugar (p < 0.001 for all), and total cholesterol (p = 0.04) when it was controlled for body weight. Our findings showed that nutrient patterns may have an association with MetS components with mediating body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Akbarzade
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Amini
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) 14167-53955, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhang Djafari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Habib Yarizadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohtashaminia
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Maryam Majdi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Elham Bazshahi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Sport, Exercise, and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
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Castellano JM, Espinosa JM, Perona JS. Modulation of Lipid Transport and Adipose Tissue Deposition by Small Lipophilic Compounds. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:555359. [PMID: 33163484 PMCID: PMC7591460 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.555359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Small lipophilic molecules present in foods of plant origin have relevant biological activities at rather low concentrations. Evidence suggests that phytosterols, carotenoids, terpenoids, and tocopherols can interact with different metabolic pathways, exerting beneficial effects against a number of metabolic diseases. These small molecules can modulate triacylglycerol absorption in the intestine and the biosynthesis of chylomicrons, the lipid carriers in the blood. Once in the bloodstream, they can impact lipoprotein clearance from blood, thereby affecting fatty acid release, incorporation into adipocytes and triglyceride reassembling and deposit. Consequently, some of these molecules can regulate pathophysiological processes associated to obesity and its related conditions, such as insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and type-2 diabetes. The protective capacity of some lipophilic small molecules on oxidative and chemotoxic stress, can modify the expression of key genes in the adaptive cellular response, such as transcription factors, contributing to prevent the inflammatory status of adipose tissue. These small lipophilic compounds can be incorporated into diet as natural parts of food but they can also be employed to supplement other dietary and pharmacologic products as nutraceuticals, exerting protective effects against the development of metabolic diseases in which inflammation is involved. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of the influence of dietary lipophilic small biomolecules (phytosterols, carotenoids, tocopherols, and triterpenes) on lipid transport, as well as on the effects they may have on pathophysiological metabolic states, related to obesity, insulin resistance and inflammation, providing an evidence-based summary of their main beneficial effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Castellano
- Group of Bioactive Compounds, Nutrition and Health, Department of Food and Health, Instituto de la Grasa-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan M Espinosa
- Group of Bioactive Compounds, Nutrition and Health, Department of Food and Health, Instituto de la Grasa-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
| | - Javier S Perona
- Group of Bioactive Compounds, Nutrition and Health, Department of Food and Health, Instituto de la Grasa-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
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Association between unhealthy plant-based diets and the metabolic syndrome in adult men and women: a population-based study in South Korea. Br J Nutr 2020; 125:577-590. [PMID: 32713361 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520002895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
No studies have investigated the associations between established plant-based diet indices and the metabolic syndrome (MetS). We evaluated the associations between an overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthy PDI (hPDI), unhealthy PDI (uPDI) and the MetS in a nationally representative sample using data from 14 450 Korean adults (≥19 years) in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2012-2016. Dietary intakes were assessed by a semi-quantitative FFQ. In the PDI, all plant foods received positive scores. In the hPDI, only healthy plant foods received positive scores. In the uPDI, only unhealthy plant foods received positive scores. All indices reverse scored animal food intake. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between three PDI and the MetS by sex, adjusting for potential risk factors. A total of 23·3 % of Korean adults had the MetS. In the overall study population, individuals in the highest quintile of uPDI had greater odds (OR 1·54, 95 % CI 1·28, 1·86, Ptrend < 0·001) of the MetS than those in the lowest quintile. Higher uPDI score was associated with higher odds of hypertriacylglycerolaemia in men and abdominal obesity, high fasting glucose and hypertriacylglycerolaemia in women. No significant associations were observed between PDI, hPDI and the MetS. Greater adherence to unhealthy plant-based diets was associated with greater odds of the MetS and its components suggesting the importance of the quality of plant-based diet in South Korean adults. Sex differences may be considered when recommending plant-based diets for the prevention and management of metabolic diseases.
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Medication Intake Is Associated with Lower Plasma Carotenoids and Higher Fat-Soluble Vitamins in the Cross-Sectional MARK-AGE Study in Older Individuals. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072072. [PMID: 32630295 PMCID: PMC7408954 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The regular use of medication may interfere with micronutrient metabolism on several levels, such as absorption, turnover rate, and tissue distribution, and this might be amplified during aging. This study evaluates the impact of self-reported medication intake on plasma micronutrients in the MARK-AGE Project, a cross-sectional observational study in 2217 subjects (age- and sex-stratified) aged 35-75 years from six European countries that were grouped according to age. Polypharmacy as possible determinant of micronutrient concentrations was assessed using multiple linear regression models adjusted for age-group, dietary fruit, vegetables, and juice intake, and other confounders. Younger participants reported taking fewer drugs than older participants. Inverse associations between medication intake and lutein (-3.31% difference per increase in medication group), β-carotene (-11.44%), α-carotene (-8.50%) and positive associations with retinol (+2.26%), α-tocopherol/cholesterol (+2.89%) and γ-tocopherol/cholesterol (+1.36%) occurred in multiple adjusted regression models. Combined usage of a higher number of medical drugs was associated with poorer status of carotenoids on the one hand and higher plasma concentrations of retinol, α- and γ-tocopherol on the other hand. Our results raise concerns regarding the safety of drug combinations via the significant and surprisingly multifaceted disturbance of the concentrations of relevant micronutrients.
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26
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Lycopene in protection against obesity and diabetes: A mechanistic review. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104966. [PMID: 32535223 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lycopene, a natural pigment that mainly exists in the mature fruit of tomatoes, has gained increasing attention due to its protective effects against obesity and diabetes. The aim of this review is to summarize the potential mechanisms in which lycopene exerts protection against obesity and diabetes, along with highlighting its bioavailability, synthesis and safety. Literature sources used in this review were from the PubMed Database, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database, National Science and Technology Library, Wanfang Data, and the Web of Science. For the inquiries, keywords such as lycopene, properties, synthesis, diabetes, obesity, and safety were used in various combinations. About 200 articles and reviews were evaluated. Lycopene exhibits anti-obesity and anti-diabetic activities in different organs and/or tissues, including adipose tissue, liver, kidney, pancreas, brain, ovaries, intestine, and eyes. The underlying mechanism may be attributed to its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and through its ability to regulate of AGE/RAGE, JNK/MAPK, PI3K/Akt, SIRT1/FoxO1/PPARγ signaling pathways and AchE activity. The epidemiological investigations support that lycopene consumption may contribute to lowering the risk of obesity and diabetes. The cis-isomers of lycopene are more bioavailable and better absorbed than trans-lycopene, and mainly distribute in liver and adipose tissue. Lycopene exhibits a good margin of safety and can be obtained by plant extraction, chemical synthesis and microbial fermentation. In summary, lycopene consumption beneficially contributes to protecting against diabetes and obesity in animal studies and epidemiological investigations, which supports the potential of this compound as a preventive/therapeutic agent against these disorders. Well-designed, prospective clinical studies are warranted to evaluate the potential therapeutic effect of lycopene against common metabolic diseases.
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Vajdi M, Farhangi MA, Nikniaz L. Diet-derived nutrient patterns and components of metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional community- based study. BMC Endocr Disord 2020; 20:69. [PMID: 32429966 PMCID: PMC7236137 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-020-0547-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is one of the main public health problems worldwide. Although some relations between dietary intakes and MetS have been found, few studies have focused on association between dietary nutrients interactions and the risk of the MetS and its components. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between nutrient patterns and MetS and its components among Iranian adult population. METHODS A total of 588 subjects (aged 18-64 years, 271 males and 317 females) enrolled in the cross sectional study. Dietary consumption was evaluated using an 80-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Biochemical assessments including fasting blood sugar (FBS), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and serum lipids were performed by enzymatic methods. Nutrient patterns were obtained by factor analysis procedure using principal component method. Multinational logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between nutrient patterns and MetS and its components. RESULTS Three nutrient patterns explaining 53.66% of the variance in dietary nutrients intake, were recognized in the current study. Animal-sourced nutrient pattern was significantly associated with the higher odds of MetS and high triglyceride (TG) levels. Plant-sourced nutrient pattern (high intake of fiber, carbohydrate, vitamins B6, B3, C, B1, E, D, magnesium, potassium, and linoleic acid) was significantly associated with lower risk of MetS and lower blood pressure (p < 0.05). Third nutrient pattern (mixed-source) was significantly related to higher risk of MetS, high waist circumference (WC) and high systolic blood pressure (SBP). CONCLUSION This present study confirms the important effect of nutrients and their patterns on MetS risk. Our results suggest that adherence to the nutrient pattern rich in fiber, carbohydrate, vitamins D, B6, B3, C, B1, E, magnesium, potassium, linoleic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is associated with a lower risk of MetS, while animal- and mixed-sourced nutrient patterns are positively associated with greater odds of MetS; However, further longitudinal and interventional studies are required to make a clear conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Vajdi
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Leila Nikniaz
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Moslehi N, Golzarand M, Hosseinpanah F, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Dietary intakes of flavonoids and carotenoids and the risk of developing an unhealthy metabolic phenotype. Food Funct 2020; 11:3451-3458. [PMID: 32236240 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02852h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate prospective associations between dietary habitual intakes of flavonoids and carotenoids and the development of an unhealthy metabolic phenotype. In this study 1114 adults, who had a healthy metabolic phenotype in the third examination cycle (2005-2008) participated. Dietary intakes of flavonoids and carotenoids were estimated using valid food frequency questionnaires evaluated during the study. Joint Scientific Statement criteria were used to define a metabolic unhealthy phenotype as meeting at least two criteria. During a median follow-up of 5.4 years, one standard deviation increase in total flavonoids reduced the risk of developing an unhealthy phenotype by 50% (95% CIs: 0.42-0.59), and inverse associations were observed for individual classes except anthocyanins, being the strongest for flavan-3-ols. Among carotenoid classes, a significant inverse association was only observed between lutein + zeaxanthin (HRs: 0.87, 95% CIs: 0.77-0.98) and the occurrence of an unhealthy phenotype. When data were stratified by baseline BMI, total flavonoids and individual classes of flavan-3-ols, flavonols, and flavones among both normal weight and overweight/obese individuals, isoflavones in those with excess weight and anthocyanins in normal weight individuals were inversely associated with the development of an unhealthy phenotype. Total carotenoids, β-carotene and lutein + zeaxanthin were significantly associated with the lower likelihood of the occurrence of an unhealthy phenotype, only among normal weight individuals. Higher intakes of flavonoids and their individual classes may contribute to the lower risk of a metabolic unhealthy phenotype in both normal weight and overweight/obese adults. Flavonoids may have more favorable metabolic health effects than carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Moslehi
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahdieh Golzarand
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Hosseinpanah
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. and Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wang D, Lu C, Yu J, Zhang M, Zhu W, Gu J. Chinese Medicine for Psoriasis Vulgaris Based on Syndrome Pattern: A Network Pharmacological Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:5239854. [PMID: 32419809 PMCID: PMC7204377 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5239854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term use of conventional therapy for psoriasis vulgaris remains a challenge due to limited or no patient response and severe side effects. Complementary and alternative treatments such as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are widely used in East Asia. TCM treatment is based on individual syndrome types. Three TCM formulae, Compound Qingdai Pills (F1), Yujin Yinxie Tablets (F2), and Xiaoyin Tablets (F3), are used for blood heat, blood stasis, and blood dryness type of psoriasis vulgaris, respectively. OBJECTIVES To explore the mechanism of three TCM formulae for three syndrome types of psoriasis vulgaris. METHODS The compounds of the three TCM formulae were retrieved from the Psoriasis Database of Traditional Chinese Medicine (PDTCM). Their molecular properties of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADME/T), and drug-likeness were compared by analyzing the distribution of compounds in the chemical space. The cellular targets of the compounds were predicted by molecular docking. By constructing the compound-target network and analyzing network centrality, key targets and compounds for each formula were screened. Three syndrome types of psoriasis vulgaris related pathways and biological processes (BPs) were enriched by the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) v6.8. RESULTS The compounds of the three formulae exhibited structural diversity, good drug-like properties, and ADME/T properties. A total of 72, 97 and 85 targets were found to have interactions with compounds of F1, F2, and F3, respectively. The three formulae were all related to 53 targets, 8 pathways, 9 biological processes, and 10 molecular functions (MFs). In addition, each formula had unique targets and regulated different pathways and BPs. CONCLUSION The three TCM formulae exhibited common mechanisms to some extent. The differences at molecular and systems levels may contribute to their unique applications in individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wang
- Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, China
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuanjian Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, China
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingjie Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, China
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, China
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, China
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiangyong Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, China
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Beydoun MA, Chen X, Jha K, Beydoun HA, Zonderman AB, Canas JA. Carotenoids, vitamin A, and their association with the metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2020; 77:32-45. [PMID: 30202882 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuy044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Modifiable factors that reduce the burden of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), particularly plant-derived biomarkers, have been a recent focus of rising interest. Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis, which follows PRISMA guidelines, evaluates evidence from a period of 20 years that links vitamin A and carotenoids with the occurrence of MetS and following the PRISMA guidelines. Data Sources PubMed and Cochrane databases (January 1997 through March 2017) were systematically assessed for studies, including case-control, cross-sectional, and cohort studies, that evaluated the associations of MetS with carotenoids and retinyl esters and retinol (vitamin A). Data Extraction Key measures of associations were harmonized into odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of MetS per 1 standard deviation (SD) of exposure using forest plots and random effects models that pooled data points from 11 cross-sectional studies. Begg's funnel and harvest plots were constructed. Results An inverse association between total carotenoids and MetS was found [ORpooled, 0.66; 95%CI, 0.56-0.78; 1 SD ∼ 0.82 µmol/L; n = 5 studies]. This association was the strongest for β-carotene, followed by α-carotene and β-crypotoxanthin. No association was detected between retinol and MetS (ORpooled, 1.00; 95%CI, 0.88-1.13; 1 SD ∼ 2.14 µmol/L; n = 6 studies). Publication bias was absent, and harvest plots indicated consistency upon replication for β-carotene and total carotenoid exposures. Conclusions This review and meta-analysis suggests that, unlike retinol, total and individual carotenoids were inversely related to MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- May A Beydoun
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kanishk Jha
- Nemours Children's Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Hind A Beydoun
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jose A Canas
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
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Weber D, Kochlik B, Demuth I, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Grune T, Norman K. Plasma carotenoids, tocopherols and retinol - Association with age in the Berlin Aging Study II. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101461. [PMID: 32086165 PMCID: PMC7030983 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular consumption of fruits and vegetables, which is related to high plasma levels of lipid-soluble micronutrients such as carotenoids and tocopherols, is linked to lower incidences of various age-related diseases. Differences in lipid-soluble micronutrient blood concentrations seem to be associated with age. Our retrospective analysis included men and women aged 22-37 and 60-85 years from the Berlin Aging Study II. Participants with simultaneously available plasma samples and dietary data were included (n = 1973). Differences between young and old groups were found for plasma lycopene, α-carotene, α-tocopherol, β-cryptoxanthin (only in women), and γ-tocopherol (only in men). β-Carotene, retinol and lutein/zeaxanthin did not differ between young and old participants regardless of the sex. We found significant associations for lycopene, α-carotene (both inverse), α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, and β-carotene (all positive) with age. Adjusting for BMI, smoking status, season, cholesterol and dietary intake confirmed these associations, except for β-carotene. These micronutrients are important antioxidants and associated with lower incidence of age-related diseases, therefore it is important to understand the underlying mechanisms in order to implement dietary strategies for the prevention of age-related diseases. To explain the lower lycopene and α-carotene concentration in older subjects, bioavailability studies in older participants are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Weber
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Bastian Kochlik
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Ilja Demuth
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Lipid Clinic at the Interdisciplinary Metabolism Center, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BCRT - Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Lipid Clinic at the Interdisciplinary Metabolism Center, Germany; University Medicine Greifswald and Kreiskrankenhaus Wolgast, Altersmedizinisches Zentrum, 17438 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 13347 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Kristina Norman
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; Geriatrics Research Group, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13347 Berlin, Germany; Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
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Zhou J, Zhao D, Wang N, Zeng Z, Wang C, Hao L, Peng X. Effects of lutein supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers and metabolic risk factors in adults with central obesity: study protocol for a randomised controlled study. Trials 2020; 21:32. [PMID: 31907080 PMCID: PMC6945790 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3998-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of central obesity is constantly increasing, and visceral fat is associated with increased production of inflammatory factors and metabolic risk factors. Lutein might retard the development of metabolic disease through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, epidemiological studies have associated higher dietary intake and serum levels of lutein with decreased adiposity. However, few randomised controlled trials have shown the effects of lutein supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers and metabolic risk factors, especially in adults with central obesity. Methods This study will be conducted as a double-blind, parallel placebo-controlled clinical trial in which 120 people who have central obesity, are 18 to 60 years old and are willing to provide informed consent will be randomly assigned to the intervention or placebo group in a 1:1 ratio according to sex, age and waist circumference. The intervention group will receive 10 mg daily lutein supplementation for 12 weeks to explore the effect of lutein supplementation on serum lutein, glycaemic and lipid profiles, inflammatory factors and body composition. Two populations (intention-to-treat population and per-protocol population) will be used in the data analyses. Discussion Our findings from this trial will contribute to the knowledge of the association between lutein supplementation and inflammatory biomarkers and metabolic risk factors in people with central obesity and will offer a possibility for the prevention of inflammatory diseases. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR1800018098. Registered on 30 August 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhou
- Shenzhen Nanshan Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, 518054, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Shenzhen Nanshan Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, 518054, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhiwei Zeng
- Shenzhen Nanshan Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, 518054, China
| | - Changyi Wang
- Shenzhen Nanshan Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, 518054, China
| | - Liping Hao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaolin Peng
- Shenzhen Nanshan Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, 518054, China. .,Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, 7 Hua Ming Road, Shenzhen, 518054, China.
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Ozato N, Saito S, Yamaguchi T, Katashima M, Tokuda I, Sawada K, Katsuragi Y, Imoto S, Ihara K, Nakaji S. Association between Nutrients and Visceral Fat in Healthy Japanese Adults: A 2-Year Longitudinal Study Brief Title: Micronutrients Associated with Visceral Fat Accumulation. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112698. [PMID: 31703461 PMCID: PMC6893766 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
High visceral fat area (VFA) is a stronger predictor of cardiovascular disease and overall mortality than body mass index or waist circumference. VFA may be decreased by proper dietary habits. Although previous epidemiologic studies demonstrated an association between nutritional components or foodstuffs and VFA, only the associations of a few nutrients, such as dietary fiber and calcium, are reported. We performed a comprehensive 2-year longitudinal study in more than 624 healthy people and analyzed 33 micronutrients to investigate nutrients that contribute to changes in visceral fat. Our analyses revealed that “macronutrients” and “micronutrients” were “mutual confounders”. Therefore, when evaluating the association between VFA and micronutrients, associations were adjusted by macronutrients. The ingestion of 7 nutrients: soluble dietary fiber, manganese, potassium, magnesium, vitamin K, folic acid, and pantothenic acid, which are abundant components in vegetable diets, was significantly inversely correlated with a change in VFA. Additionally, a change in the ingestion of one nutrient, monounsaturated fat, was significantly positively correlated with a change in VFA. These associations were independent of body mass index and waist circumference. Thus, a predominantly vegetable diet may decrease VFA. In addition, adjusting the intake of macronutrients might help to clarify the association of micronutrients with VFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ozato
- Department of Active Life Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 0368562, Japan; (M.K.); (Y.K.)
- Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo 1318501, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-(0)-17-239-5041
| | - Shinichiro Saito
- Biological Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo 1318501, Japan;
| | - Tohru Yamaguchi
- Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo 1318501, Japan;
| | - Mitsuhiro Katashima
- Department of Active Life Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 0368562, Japan; (M.K.); (Y.K.)
- Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo 1318501, Japan;
| | - Itoyo Tokuda
- Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 0368562, Japan; (I.T.); (K.S.); (K.I.); (S.N.)
| | - Kaori Sawada
- Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 0368562, Japan; (I.T.); (K.S.); (K.I.); (S.N.)
| | - Yoshihisa Katsuragi
- Department of Active Life Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 0368562, Japan; (M.K.); (Y.K.)
- Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo 1318501, Japan;
| | - Seiya Imoto
- Health Intelligence Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1088639, Japan;
| | - Kazushige Ihara
- Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 0368562, Japan; (I.T.); (K.S.); (K.I.); (S.N.)
| | - Shigeyuki Nakaji
- Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 0368562, Japan; (I.T.); (K.S.); (K.I.); (S.N.)
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The Second-Generation Biomethane from Mandarin Orange Peel under Cocultivation with Methanogens and the Armed Clostridium cellulovorans. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation5040095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates that the consortium, which consists of the microbial flora of methane production (MFMP) and Clostridium cellulovorans grown with cellulose, can perform the direct conversion of cellulosic biomass to methane. The MFMP was taken from a commercial methane fermentation tank and was extremely complicated. Therefore, C. cellulovorans grown with cellobiose could not perform high degradation ability on cellulosic biomass due to competition by various microorganisms in MFMP. Focusing on the fact that C. cellulovorans was cultivated with cellulose, which is armed with cellulosome, so that it is now armed C. cellulovorans; the direct conversion was carried out by the consortium which consisted of MFMP and the armed C. cellulovorans. As a result, the consortium of C. cellulovorans grown with cellobiose and MFMP (CCeM) could not degrade the purified cellulose and mandarin orange peel. However, MFMP and the armed C. cellulovorans reduced 78.4% of the total sugar of the purified cellulose such as MN301, and produced 6.89 mL of methane simultaneously. Furthermore, the consortium consisted of MFMP and the armed C. cellulovorans degraded mandarin orange peel without any pretreatments and produced methane that was accounting for 66.2% of the total produced gas.
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Chen G, Ni Y, Nagata N, Zhuge F, Xu L, Nagashimada M, Yamamoto S, Ushida Y, Fuke N, Suganuma H, Kaneko S, Ota T. Lycopene Alleviates Obesity‐Induced Inflammation and Insulin Resistance by Regulating M1/M2 Status of Macrophages. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900602. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanliang Chen
- Department of Cell Metabolism and NutritionAdvanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research CenterKanazawa University Kanazawa 920–8640 Japan
| | - Yinhua Ni
- Department of Cell Metabolism and NutritionAdvanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research CenterKanazawa University Kanazawa 920–8640 Japan
| | - Naoto Nagata
- Department of Cell Metabolism and NutritionAdvanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research CenterKanazawa University Kanazawa 920–8640 Japan
| | - Fen Zhuge
- Department of Cell Metabolism and NutritionAdvanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research CenterKanazawa University Kanazawa 920–8640 Japan
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Cell Metabolism and NutritionAdvanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research CenterKanazawa University Kanazawa 920–8640 Japan
| | - Mayumi Nagashimada
- Department of Cell Metabolism and NutritionAdvanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research CenterKanazawa University Kanazawa 920–8640 Japan
| | - Sayo Yamamoto
- Innovation Division KAGOME CO., LTD. Nasushiobara 329–2762 Japan
| | - Yusuke Ushida
- Innovation Division KAGOME CO., LTD. Nasushiobara 329–2762 Japan
| | - Nobuo Fuke
- Innovation Division KAGOME CO., LTD. Nasushiobara 329–2762 Japan
| | | | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Cell Metabolism and NutritionAdvanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research CenterKanazawa University Kanazawa 920–8640 Japan
| | - Tsuguhito Ota
- Department of Cell Metabolism and NutritionAdvanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research CenterKanazawa University Kanazawa 920–8640 Japan
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of MedicineAsahikawa Medical University Asahikawa 078–8510 Japan
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Senkus KE, Tan L, Crowe-White KM. Lycopene and Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:19-29. [PMID: 30475939 PMCID: PMC6370260 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic risk factors increase the likelihood of cardiovascular disease development by 2-fold. Lycopene, a potent lipophilic antioxidant, may be able to mediate oxidative stress, a mechanism underpinning metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its risk factors. This is, to our knowledge, the first systematic review of the literature with the purpose of investigating the relation between circulating lycopene or dietary intake of lycopene and MetS as well as its risk factors. The review was conducted using PubMed and EBSCOhost databases with the search terms "lycopene" and "metabolic syndrome." Inclusion criteria included human studies published in English in a scholarly, peer-reviewed journal and evaluation of lycopene in relation to ≥3 of the 5 MetS risk factors as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) report. The process identified 11 studies, including 8 cross-sectional and 3 intervention studies. Cross-sectional studies were grouped into 3 categories, with several studies falling into >1 category, based on results reporting associations of lycopene with the prevalence and outcomes of MetS (5 studies), presence of ATP III risk factors (4 studies), and variables mediating lycopene's influence on MetS risk (3 studies). All studies in each category reported significant protective associations. Of the 3 intervention studies, all reported significant protective effects from a lycopene-rich beverage, despite varying doses and durations of intake. Although a protective relation between lycopene and MetS was generally supported, different MetS components appeared to be influenced by lycopene rather than demonstrating consistent improvement in a single component. Thus, additional research is needed to elucidate the mechanistic effects of lycopene on MetS, as well as to determine evidence-based recommendations concerning dose-durational effects of lycopene and MetS risk reduction. In conclusion, the evidence of lycopene's benefit exists such that lycopene status or lycopene consumption may be associated with favorable alterations to the components of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn E Senkus
- Department of Human Nutrition, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL
| | - Libo Tan
- Department of Human Nutrition, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL
| | - Kristi M Crowe-White
- Department of Human Nutrition, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL
- Address correspondence to KMC-W (e-mail: )
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Fenni S, Astier J, Bonnet L, Karkeni E, Gouranton E, Mounien L, Couturier C, Tourniaire F, Böhm V, Hammou H, Landrier JF. (all-E)- and (5Z)-Lycopene Display Similar Biological Effects on Adipocytes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 63:e1800788. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumia Fenni
- Aix-Marseille Université; INSERM, INRA, C2VN 13385 Marseille France
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Nutrition et Sécurité Alimentaire Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie; Université Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella; 31000 Oran Algérie
| | - Julien Astier
- Aix-Marseille Université; INSERM, INRA, C2VN 13385 Marseille France
| | - Lauriane Bonnet
- Aix-Marseille Université; INSERM, INRA, C2VN 13385 Marseille France
| | - Esma Karkeni
- Aix-Marseille Université; INSERM, INRA, C2VN 13385 Marseille France
| | - Erwan Gouranton
- Aix-Marseille Université; INSERM, INRA, C2VN 13385 Marseille France
| | - Lourdes Mounien
- Aix-Marseille Université; INSERM, INRA, C2VN 13385 Marseille France
| | | | - Franck Tourniaire
- Aix-Marseille Université; INSERM, INRA, C2VN 13385 Marseille France
- CriBioM, Criblage Biologique Marseille; Faculté de Médecine de la Timone; 13385 Marseille France
| | - Volker Böhm
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Habib Hammou
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Nutrition et Sécurité Alimentaire Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie; Université Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella; 31000 Oran Algérie
| | - Jean-François Landrier
- Aix-Marseille Université; INSERM, INRA, C2VN 13385 Marseille France
- CriBioM, Criblage Biologique Marseille; Faculté de Médecine de la Timone; 13385 Marseille France
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Koochakpoor G, Mirmiran P, Daneshpour MS, Hosseini-Esfahani F, Sedaghati-Khayat B, Hosseini SA, Azizi F. Dietary factors influence the association of cyclin D2 polymorphism rs11063069 with the risk of metabolic syndrome. Nutr Res 2017; 52:48-56. [PMID: 29764627 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The relationship of CCND2 gene variation, rs11063069 with metabolic syndrome (MetS) modulates by dietary factors but enough data are not available on this issue. So, the hypothesis, which assumes that dietary factors modulate the relationship of CCND2 polymorphisms with the risk of MetS was investigated in our study. Subjects of this nested case-control study were selected from participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Each case (n=974) was pair-matched individually with a control by age, sex and the follow-up duration. Dietary patterns were determined using factor analysis. CCND2 rs11063069 was genotyped by the ARMS-polymerase chain reaction analysis. Two dietary patterns were extracted: the healthy dietary pattern (HDP) and the Western dietary pattern; among G allele carriers, being in the highest quartiles of HDP score decreased risk of MetS (OR, Q1:3.01 [1.95-6.15], Q4:0.88 [0.39-1.78], P trend=.001), compared with those in the lowest quartile. In addition, the consumption of some vegetables, red-yellow vegetable (tomatoes, squash and carrots) and fruits by G allele carriers could decrease the risk of high fasting plasma glucose (P interaction=.003), low HDL-C (P interaction=.03) and high blood pressure (P interaction=.01) respectively. No significant interaction was observed in this study between nutrients (macronutrients, zinc, magnesium and iron) and CCND2 rs11063069 in relation to MetS or its components in this study. Our findings showed that by promoting adherence to HDP and increasing intake of some vegetables and fruits, the risk of MetS or its components reduced in G allele carriers; these associations were not observed in the AA genotype group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam S Daneshpour
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bahareh Sedaghati-Khayat
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Hosseini
- Department of nutrition, School of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bahari T, Uemura H, Katsuura-Kamano S, Yamaguchi M, Nakamoto M, Miki K, Ishizu M, Arisawa K. Nutrient-Derived Dietary Patterns and Their Association With Metabolic Syndrome in a Japanese Population. J Epidemiol 2017; 28:194-201. [PMID: 29151477 PMCID: PMC5865010 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20170010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nutrients have been proposed to be related to metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aims of this study were to identify dietary patterns that correlated with several nutrients using reduced rank regression (RRR) and to examine the association between extracted dietary patterns and prevalence of MetS in a Japanese population. Methods The study population comprised 1,092 Japanese men and women (35–69 years old) who had participated in the baseline survey of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study in Tokushima Prefecture. Dietary patterns were derived with RRR using 46 food items as predictors and six established nutrients (potassium, calcium, vitamin D, vitamin C, insoluble dietary fiber, and carotene) as response variables. Associations between extracted dietary patterns and MetS were then examined with logistic regression models. Results Among the six dietary patterns, dietary pattern 1 (DP1) explained the largest proportion (60.1%) of variance in the six nutrients. Therefore, only DP1 was selected for further analysis. DP1 was characterized by high intake frequency of vegetables, fruits, fish and small fish, natto (fermented soybeans), and deep-fried tofu. After adjustment for potential confounders, significant inverse associations were found between DP1 score and MetS (odds ratio [OR] for each quartile: 1.00, 0.58, 0.60, 0.52; Ptrend = 0.02); DP1 and high blood pressure (Ptrend = 0.0002); and DP1 and high blood glucose (Ptrend = 0.02). Conclusion A dietary pattern characterized by high intake of vegetables, fruits, fish and small fish, natto, and deep-fried tofu was associated with reduced prevalence of MetS in a Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirani Bahari
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School
| | - Hirokazu Uemura
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School
| | - Sakurako Katsuura-Kamano
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School
| | - Miwa Yamaguchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School
| | - Mariko Nakamoto
- Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School
| | - Keisuke Miki
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School
| | - Masashi Ishizu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School
| | - Kokichi Arisawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School
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Fenni S, Hammou H, Astier J, Bonnet L, Karkeni E, Couturier C, Tourniaire F, Landrier JF. Lycopene and tomato powder supplementation similarly inhibit high-fat diet induced obesity, inflammatory response, and associated metabolic disorders. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28267248 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201601083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Several studies have linked the high intake of lycopene or tomatoes products with lower risk for metabolic diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and to compare the effect of lycopene and tomato powder on obesity-associated disorders. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/J6 mice were assigned into four groups to receive: control diet (CD), high fat diet (HFD), high fat diet supplemented with lycopene or with tomato powder (TP) for 12 weeks. In HFD condition, lycopene and TP supplementation significantly reduced adiposity index, organ, and relative organ weights, serum triglycerides, free fatty acids, 8-iso-prostaglandin GF2α and improved glucose homeostasis, but did not affect total body weight. Lycopene and TP supplementation prevented HFD-induced hepatosteatosis and hypertrophy of adipocytes. Lycopene and TP decreased HFD-induced proinflammatory cytokine mRNA expression in the liver and in the epididymal adipose tissue. The anti-inflammatory effect of lycopene and TP was related to a reduction in the phosphorylation levels of IκB, and p65, and resulted in a decrease of inflammatory proteins in adipose tissue. CONCLUSION These results suggest that lycopene or TP supplementation display similar beneficial health effects that could be particularly relevant in the context of nutritional approaches to fight obesity-associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumia Fenni
- NORT, Aix-Marseille Université, INRA, INSERM, Marseille, France.,LPNSA, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université d'Oran 1 Ahmed Benbella, Oran, Algérie
| | - Habib Hammou
- LPNSA, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université d'Oran 1 Ahmed Benbella, Oran, Algérie
| | - Julien Astier
- NORT, Aix-Marseille Université, INRA, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Lauriane Bonnet
- NORT, Aix-Marseille Université, INRA, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Esma Karkeni
- NORT, Aix-Marseille Université, INRA, INSERM, Marseille, France
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Matos J, Cardoso C, Bandarra NM, Afonso C. Microalgae as healthy ingredients for functional food: a review. Food Funct 2017; 8:2672-2685. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00409e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are very interesting and valuable natural sources of highly valuable bioactive compounds, such as vitamins, essential amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, minerals, carotenoids, enzymes and fibre.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Matos
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading
- Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere
- IPMA
- 1449-006 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - C. Cardoso
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading
- Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere
- IPMA
- 1449-006 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - N. M. Bandarra
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading
- Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere
- IPMA
- 1449-006 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - C. Afonso
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading
- Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere
- IPMA
- 1449-006 Lisboa
- Portugal
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Plasma Carotenoids, Tocopherols, and Retinol in the Age-Stratified (35-74 Years) General Population: A Cross-Sectional Study in Six European Countries. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8100614. [PMID: 27706032 PMCID: PMC5084002 DOI: 10.3390/nu8100614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood micronutrient status may change with age. We analyzed plasma carotenoids, α-/γ-tocopherol, and retinol and their associations with age, demographic characteristics, and dietary habits (assessed by a short food frequency questionnaire) in a cross-sectional study of 2118 women and men (age-stratified from 35 to 74 years) of the general population from six European countries. Higher age was associated with lower lycopene and α-/β-carotene and higher β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, α-/γ-tocopherol, and retinol levels. Significant correlations with age were observed for lycopene (r = -0.248), α-tocopherol (r = 0.208), α-carotene (r = -0.112), and β-cryptoxanthin (r = 0.125; all p < 0.001). Age was inversely associated with lycopene (-6.5% per five-year age increase) and this association remained in the multiple regression model with the significant predictors (covariables) being country, season, cholesterol, gender, smoking status, body mass index (BMI (kg/m²)), and dietary habits. The positive association of α-tocopherol with age remained when all covariates including cholesterol and use of vitamin supplements were included (1.7% vs. 2.4% per five-year age increase). The association of higher β-cryptoxanthin with higher age was no longer statistically significant after adjustment for fruit consumption, whereas the inverse association of α-carotene with age remained in the fully adjusted multivariable model (-4.8% vs. -3.8% per five-year age increase). We conclude from our study that age is an independent predictor of plasma lycopene, α-tocopherol, and α-carotene.
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Han GM, Soliman GA, Meza JL, Islam KMM, Watanabe-Galloway S. The influence of BMI on the association between serum lycopene and the metabolic syndrome. Br J Nutr 2016; 115:1292-300. [PMID: 26857614 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Overweight and obese individuals have an increased risk of developing the metabolic syndrome because of subsequent chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, which the antioxidant nutrient lycopene can reduce. However, studies indicate that different BMI statuses can alter the positive effects of lycopene. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine how BMI influences the association between serum lycopene and the metabolic syndrome. The tertile rank method was used to divide 13 196 participants, aged 20 years and older, into three groups according to serum concentrations of lycopene. The associations between serum lycopene and the metabolic syndrome were analysed separately for normal-weight, overweight and obese participants. Overall, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was significantly higher in the first tertile group (OR 38·6%; 95% CI 36·9, 40·3) compared with the second tertile group (OR 29·3%; 95% CI 27·5, 31·1) and the third tertile group (OR 26·6%; 95% CI 24·9, 28·3). However, the associations between lycopene and the metabolic syndrome were only significant for normal-weight and overweight participants (P0·05), even after adjusting for possible confounding variables. In conclusion, BMI appears to strongly influence the association between serum lycopene and the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Ming Han
- 1Department of Epidemiology,College of Public Health,University of Nebraska Medical Center,Omaha,NE 68198USA
| | - Ghada A Soliman
- 2Department of Health Promotion,Social & Behavioral Health,College of Public Health,University of Nebraska Medical Center,Omaha,NE 68198,USA
| | - Jane L Meza
- 3Department of Biostatistics,College of Public Health,University of Nebraska Medical Center,Omaha,NE 68198,USA
| | - K M Monirul Islam
- 1Department of Epidemiology,College of Public Health,University of Nebraska Medical Center,Omaha,NE 68198USA
| | - Shinobu Watanabe-Galloway
- 1Department of Epidemiology,College of Public Health,University of Nebraska Medical Center,Omaha,NE 68198USA
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Endogenous Generation of Singlet Oxygen and Ozone in Human and Animal Tissues: Mechanisms, Biological Significance, and Influence of Dietary Components. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:2398573. [PMID: 27042259 PMCID: PMC4799824 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2398573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that exposing antibodies or amino acids to singlet oxygen results in the formation of ozone (or an ozone-like oxidant) and hydrogen peroxide and that human neutrophils produce both singlet oxygen and ozone during bacterial killing. There is also mounting evidence that endogenous singlet oxygen production may be a common occurrence in cells through various mechanisms. Thus, the ozone-producing combination of singlet oxygen and amino acids might be a common cellular occurrence. This paper reviews the potential pathways of formation of singlet oxygen and ozone in vivo and also proposes some new pathways for singlet oxygen formation. Physiological consequences of the endogenous formation of these oxidants in human tissues are discussed, as well as examples of how dietary factors may promote or inhibit their generation and activity.
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Leermakers ET, Darweesh SK, Baena CP, Moreira EM, Melo van Lent D, Tielemans MJ, Muka T, Vitezova A, Chowdhury R, Bramer WM, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Felix JF, Franco OH. The effects of lutein on cardiometabolic health across the life course: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:481-94. [PMID: 26762372 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.120931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antioxidant lutein is suggested as being beneficial to cardiometabolic health because of its protective effect against oxidative stress, but evidence has not systematically been evaluated. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate systematically the effects of lutein (intake or concentrations) on cardiometabolic outcomes in different life stages. DESIGN This is a systematic review with meta-analysis of literature published in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar up to August 2014. Included were trials and cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies in which the association between lutein concentrations, dietary intake, or supplements and cardiometabolic outcomes was reported. Two independent investigators reviewed the articles. RESULTS Seventy-one relevant articles were identified that included a total of 387,569 participants. Only 1 article investigated the effects of lutein during pregnancy, and 3 studied lutein in children. Furthermore, 31 longitudinal, 33 cross-sectional, and 3 intervention studies were conducted in adults. Meta-analysis showed a lower risk of coronary heart disease (pooled RR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.80, 0.98) and stroke (pooled RR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.93) for the highest compared with the lowest tertile of lutein blood concentration or intake. There was no significant association with type 2 diabetes mellitus (pooled RR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.77, 1.22), but higher lutein was associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome (pooled RR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.92) for the highest compared with the lowest tertile. The literature on risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases showed that lutein might be beneficial for atherosclerosis and inflammatory markers, but there were inconsistent associations with blood pressure, adiposity, insulin resistance, and blood lipids. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that higher dietary intake and higher blood concentrations of lutein are generally associated with better cardiometabolic health. However, evidence mainly comes from observational studies in adults, whereas large-scale intervention studies and studies of lutein during pregnancy and childhood are scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristina P Baena
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rajiv Chowdhury
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Wichor M Bramer
- Medical Library, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Abstract
Cell, animal and human studies dealing with carotenoids and carotenoid derivatives as nutritional regulators of adipose tissue biology with implications for the etiology and management of obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases are reviewed. Most studied carotenoids in this context are β-carotene, cryptoxanthin, astaxanthin and fucoxanthin, together with β-carotene-derived retinoids and some other apocarotenoids. Studies indicate an impact of these compounds on essential aspects of adipose tissue biology including the control of adipocyte differentiation (adipogenesis), adipocyte metabolism, oxidative stress and the production of adipose tissue-derived regulatory signals and inflammatory mediators. Specific carotenoids and carotenoid derivatives restrain adipogenesis and adipocyte hypertrophy while enhancing fat oxidation and energy dissipation in brown and white adipocytes, and counteract obesity in animal models. Intake, blood levels and adipocyte content of carotenoids are reduced in human obesity. Specifically designed human intervention studies in the field, though still sparse, indicate a beneficial effect of carotenoid supplementation in the accrual of abdominal adiposity. In summary, studies support a role of specific carotenoids and carotenoid derivatives in the prevention of excess adiposity, and suggest that carotenoid requirements may be dependent on body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luisa Bonet
- Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra. Valldemossa Km 7.5. 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Jose A Canas
- Metabolism and Diabetes, Nemours Children's Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32207, USA
| | - Joan Ribot
- Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra. Valldemossa Km 7.5. 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra. Valldemossa Km 7.5. 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Moehninsi, Navarre DA, Brown CR. Phytonutrient content of Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. berries. J Food Compost Anal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kanagasabai T, Ardern CI. Contribution of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants to the Relationship between Sleep Duration and Cardiometabolic Health. Sleep 2015; 38:1905-12. [PMID: 26237775 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.5238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the interrelationship and mediating effect of factors that are beneficial (i.e., antioxidants) and harmful (i.e., inflammation and oxidative stress) to the relationship between sleep and cardiometabolic health. DESIGN Cross-sectional data from the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. SETTING Nationally representative population sample from the US. PARTICIPANTS Age ≥ 20 y with sleep data; final analytical sample of n = 2,079. INTERVENTIONS N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Metabolic syndrome was classified according to the Joint Interim Statement, and sleep duration was categorized as very short, short, adequate, and long sleepers (≤ 4, 5-6, 7-8, and ≥ 9 h per night, respectively). The indirect mediation effect was quantified as large (≥ 0.25), moderate (≥ 0.09), modest (≥ 0.01), and weak (< 0.01). In general, inflammation was above the current clinical reference range across all sleep duration categories, whereas oxidative stress was elevated among short and very short sleepers. Select sleep duration- cardiometabolic health relationships were mediated by C-reactive protein (CRP), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), carotenoids, uric acid, and vitamins C and D, and were moderated by sex. Specifically, moderate-to-large indirect mediation by GGT, carotenoids, uric acid, and vitamin D were found for sleep duration-waist circumference and -systolic blood pressure relationships, whereas vitamin C was a moderate mediator of the sleep duration-diastolic blood pressure relationship. CONCLUSIONS Several factors related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and antioxidant status were found to lie on the casual pathway of the sleep duration-cardiometabolic health relationship. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris I Ardern
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Silveira JQ, Dourado GKZS, Cesar TB. Red-fleshed sweet orange juice improves the risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2015; 66:830-6. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2015.1093610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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50
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High serum carotenoids associated with lower risk for the metabolic syndrome and its components among Japanese subjects: Mikkabi cohort study. Br J Nutr 2015; 114:1674-82. [PMID: 26365147 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515003268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recent epidemiological studies show the association of carotenoids with the metabolic syndrome (MetS), but thorough longitudinal cohort studies regarding this association have not been well conducted. The objective of this study was to investigate longitudinally whether serum carotenoids are associated with the risk of developing the MetS and its components in Japanese subjects. We conducted a follow-up study on 1073 men and women aged 30-79 years at the baseline from the Mikkabi prospective cohort study. Those who participated in the baseline and completed follow-up surveys were examined longitudinally. Over the 10-year period, 910 subjects (295 men and 615 women) took part in the follow-up survey at least once. Over a mean follow-up period of 7·8 (sd 2·9) years, thirty-six men and thirty-one women developed new MetS. After adjustments for confounders, the hazard ratio (HR) for the MetS in the highest tertile of serum β-carotene against the lowest tertile was 0·47 (95 % CI 0·23, 0·95). On the other hand, significantly lower risks for dyslipidaemia were observed in the highest tertiles of serum α- and β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin (HR 0·66; 95 % CI 0·46, 0·96; HR, 0·54; 95 % CI 0·37, 0·79; and HR 0·66; 95 % CI 0·44, 0·99, respectively). Other significant associations between the risks for obesity, high blood pressure and hyperglycaemia with serum carotenoids were not observed. Our results further support the hypothesis that eating a diet rich in carotenoids might help prevent the development of the MetS and its complications in Japanese subjects.
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