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Waterman HL, Moore MC, Smith MS, Farmer B, Scott M, Edgerton DS, Cherrington AD. Duration of Morning Hyperinsulinemia is Key to the Enhancement of Hepatic Glucose Uptake and Glycogen Storage Later in the Day. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.10.593551. [PMID: 38798653 PMCID: PMC11118521 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.10.593551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The second meal phenomenon refers to the improvement in glucose tolerance seen following a second identical meal. We previously showed that 4 hours of morning (AM) hyperinsulinemia, but not hyperglycemia, enhanced hepatic glucose uptake (HGU) and glycogen storage during an afternoon (PM) hyperinsulinemic hyperglycemic clamp (HIHG). Our current aim was to determine if the duration or pattern of morning hyperinsulinemia is important for the PM response to a HIHG clamp. To determine this, we administered the same total amount of insulin either over 2h in the first half of the morning (Ins2h-A), over 2h in the 2nd half of the morning (Ins2h-B), or over the entire 4h (Ins4h) of the morning. In the 4h PM period, all three groups had 4x basal insulin, 2x basal glycemia, and portal glucose infusion to simulate a meal. During the PM clamp, there was a marked increase in the mean hepatic glucose uptake and hepatic glycogen synthesis in the Ins4h group compared to the Ins2h-A and Ins2h-B groups, despite matched hepatic glucose and insulin loads. Thus, the longer duration (Ins4h) of mild hyperinsulinemia in the morning seems to be the key to much greater liver glucose uptake during the PM clamp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Waterman
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
| | - Mary Courtney Moore
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
| | - Marta S Smith
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
| | - Ben Farmer
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
| | - Melanie Scott
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
| | - Dale S Edgerton
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
| | - Alan D Cherrington
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
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Cândido ACDO, Neves FS, Fontes VS, Melo AST, de Faria ER, Netto MP, Oliveira RMS, Machado-Coelho GLL, Cândido APC. Frequency of breakfast consumption and its associations with food consumption by degree of industrial processing and with indicators of overweight in Brazilian adolescents (EVA-JF Study). Nutrition 2024; 117:112226. [PMID: 37897985 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of breakfast consumption and estimate its associations with the consumption of food at different degrees of industrial processing and with overweight indicators in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved a probabilistic sample of 14- to 19-y-old adolescents enrolled in 29 public schools in the municipality of Juiz de Fora, MG, Southeast Brazil (n = 805). The frequency of breakfast consumption was evaluated via a questionnaire (classified into "do not consume", "sometimes consume", and "regularly consume"). The evaluation of food consumption involved two 24-h dietary recalls, the items of which were analyzed according to the NOVA classification system. Overweight indicators (waist circumference, body mass index for age (BMI-for-age), and body fat percentage) were evaluated according to a standard protocol. Linear regression models were performed, first without and then with adjustments for sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS We found that 20% of adolescents skipped breakfast, and ∼46% of the caloric intake came from ultra-processed foods. Breakfast omission was associated with a mean increase of 3.02% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52-5.53) in energy intake from ultra-processed foods, in addition to a mean increase of 0.28 z-score (95% CI, 0.05- 0.52) of BMI-for-age and of 1.64% (95% CI, 0.21-3.08) in body fat. CONCLUSIONS We verified that the omission of breakfast was associated with higher consumption of ultra-processed foods, as well as a higher BMI-for-age and higher percentage of body fat, reinforcing the importance of actions to encourage the consumption of this meal and the adoption of healthy eating practices in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainoã Cristina de Oliveira Cândido
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Public Health, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Silva Neves
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Public Health, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil; General Coordination for Surveillance of Noncommunicable Diseases and Injuries - CGDANT, Department of Epidemiological Analysis and Surveillance of Noncommunicable Diseases - DAENT, Secretariat of Health and Environment Surveillance - SVSA, Ministry of Health - MS, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Sequeira Fontes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Public Health, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Adriana Soares Torres Melo
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Public Health, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Eliane Rodrigues de Faria
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Michele Pereira Netto
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Public Health, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata Maria Souza Oliveira
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Public Health, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Carlos Cândido
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Public Health, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
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Saintila J, Baquedano-Santana LE, Calizaya-Milla YE, Ramos-Vera C, Barrientos AS, Carranza-Esteban RF. Association between frequency of breakfast consumption and cardiometabolic risk in Peruvian university teachers, 2019-2020. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1238223. [PMID: 37575324 PMCID: PMC10419266 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1238223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although the relationship between health status and dietary intake has been extensively studied in the general population, there is a lack of research that has specifically examined the association between frequency of breakfast consumption and cardiometabolic risk in university teachers. Objective To determine the association between the frequency of breakfast consumption and cardiometabolic risk in university teachers. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 176 teachers from a private university located in the eastern region of Lima, Peru (Mage: 37.0 years; SD: 0.8, range: 24-59 years). The study was conducted during the period from December 2019 to February 2020. Information was collected on anthropometric and biochemical parameters and frequency of breakfast consumption. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to explore the association between frequency of breakfast with sociodemographic, anthropometric, and biochemical variables. Results The highest prevalence of excess body weight (44.4%) was observed in those who consumed breakfast 0 to 2 days/week, but without statistical differences. Those who reported Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) < 160 mg/dL were 77% less likely to fall into the 3-5 day/week breakfast frequency category than those who reported a regular frequency of breakfast (6 to 7 days/week) (Adjusted OR = 0.23, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.73; p < 0.05). In addition, teachers who reported a breakfast frequency of 3 to 5 days/week were 83% more likely to have a glucose concentration < 110 mg/dL compared to those who consumed breakfast of 6 to 7 days/week (Adjusted OR = 0.17, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.75; p < 0.05). Conclusion Skipping breakfast for an extended period of time can have detrimental effects on cardiometabolic health. Promoting the benefits of breakfast could be a health message of great public health interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura E. Baquedano-Santana
- Research and Development Laboratories, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | | | - Renzo F. Carranza-Esteban
- Grupo de Investigación Avances en Investigación Psicológica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
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Matsumoto Y, Sasaki H, Masutomi H, Ishihara K, Shibata S, Hirao K, Furutani A. Effects of Additional Granola in Children's Breakfast on Nutritional Balance, Sleep and Defecation: An Open-Label Randomized Cross-Over Trial. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10050779. [PMID: 37238327 DOI: 10.3390/children10050779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of breakfast to daily nutrient intake is low, particularly among children, at only about 20%, and it is difficult to determine whether children are receiving adequate nutrients at breakfast. Although alterations in breakfast content are considered to affect lifestyle habits such as sleep and defecation, there have been few intervention studies in children. The relationship between nutritional balance, dietary intake, and lifestyle habits in children remains unclear. We conducted an intervention study on elementary school children's breakfasts and observed the effects of improving the nutritional balance of breakfast on sleep parameters and defecation status. An intervention study was conducted with 26 elementary school students in Tokyo. The study design was an open-label randomized cross-over trial. Subjects consumed their usual breakfast during the control period and a granola snack containing soy protein in addition to their usual breakfast during the intervention period. Questionnaires regarding breakfast, sleep, and bowel movements were administered during each period. Based on the answers to these questionnaires, we compared the nutritional sufficiency of macronutrients, vitamins, and minerals (29 in total), as well as changes in sleep parameters and defecation status. The additional consumption of granola snacks increased the breakfast intake of 15 nutrients. The changes were particularly significant for iron, vitamin B1, vitamin D, and dietary fiber. During the intervention, sleep duration was decreased and wake-up time became earlier. In terms of defecation, the intervention did not change stool characteristics, but the frequency of defecations per week increased on average by 1.2 per week. These results suggest that the nutritional balance and the amount of breakfast are linked to sleep and defecation and that improving breakfast content can lead to lifestyle improvements in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Matsumoto
- Research & Development Division, Calbee, Inc., 23-6 Kiyohara-Kogyodanchi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-3231, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sasaki
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Masutomi
- Research & Development Division, Calbee, Inc., 23-6 Kiyohara-Kogyodanchi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-3231, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Ishihara
- Research & Development Division, Calbee, Inc., 23-6 Kiyohara-Kogyodanchi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-3231, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Kazuko Hirao
- Division of Home Economics, Aikoku Gakuen Junior College, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 133-0057, Japan
| | - Akiko Furutani
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
- Division of Home Economics, Aikoku Gakuen Junior College, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 133-0057, Japan
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Describing the longitudinal breakfast quality index trajectories in early childhood: results from Melbourne InFANT program. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:363-369. [PMID: 36494475 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breakfast quality in early childhood remains understudied. This study describes the changes in breakfast quality index (BQI) (i.e. trajectory) in early childhood and assesses its associations with obesity outcomes. METHODS Data from children who participated in the Melbourne InFANT Program were used (n = 328). The Melbourne InFANT Program was a 15-month early obesity prevention intervention conducted from 2008 to 2013. Dietary intakes at ages 1.5, 3.5 and 5.0 years were assessed using three parent-proxy reported 24 h recalls. A revised nine-item BQI tool developed based on Australian dietary recommendations for young children was used to calculate BQI scores. Group-based trajectory modelling identified BQI trajectory groups. Multivariable linear and logistic regression examined the associations between identified BQI trajectory groups and obesity outcomes at age 5 years. RESULTS Mean BQI at ages 1.5, 3.5 and 5.0 years was 4.8, 4.8, 2.7 points, respectively. Two BQI trajectory groups were identified, and both showed a decline in BQI. The mean BQI of most children (74%) decreased from 5.0 to 4.0 points from ages 1.5 to 5.0 years (referred as "High BQI" group). The remaining children (26%) had a mean BQI of 4.8 and 1.2 points at age 1.5 and 5.0 years, respectively (referred as "Low BQI" group). The "Low BQI" group appeared to show higher risk of overweight (OR:1.30, 95% CI: 0.60, 2.81, P = 0.66) at age 5 years than the "High BQI" group. No difference in body mass index (BMI) z-score was found between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Two BQI trajectory groups were identified. Both groups showed a decline in breakfast quality from ages 1.5 to 5.0 years. Our study highlights the need for early health promotion interventions and strategies to improve and maintain breakfast quality across early childhood.
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Salas-González MD, Lozano-Estevan MDC, Aparicio A, Bermejo LM, Loria-Kohen V, Ortega RM, López-Sobaler AM. Breakfast Quality and Insulin Resistance in Spanish Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1181. [PMID: 36673935 PMCID: PMC9859171 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Breakfast has traditionally been considered one of the most important meals of the day; however, there is little evidence for the influence of breakfast quality and insulin resistance (IR). This study aimed to assess the quality of breakfast in a group of schoolchildren, and its association with IR. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 852 children (8−13 years) was carried out. Fasting plasma glucose, insulin and anthropometric parameters were measured. A three-day dietary record was used to assess their diet and to calculate the Breakfast Quality Index (BQI). The sample was divided into tertiles according to the BQI (tertile 3: better breakfast quality). The homeostatic model was used to assess insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and IR was defined as HOMA-IR > 3.16. Results: The prevalence of IR was 5.2%. The mean BQI score was 4.50 ± 1.25, and boys had lower scores than girls. Children in the BQI tertile 3 had a better global diet quality. In boys, being in the BQI tertile 3 was associated with a lower risk of IR (OR [95% CI]: 0.10 [0.01−0.77], p < 0.05). Conclusions: A higher-quality breakfast was associated with better overall diet quality and a lower risk of IR, especially in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Dolores Salas-González
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María del Carmen Lozano-Estevan
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Aparicio
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura M. Bermejo
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Viviana Loria-Kohen
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Ortega
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M. López-Sobaler
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Suhett LG, Juvanhol LL, Silva MA, Ribeiro SAV, Hermsdorff HHM, Shivappa N, Hébert JR, de Novaes JF. Interaction effect between breakfast skipping and sedentary behavior in the dietary inflammatory potential in Brazilian schoolchildren. Nutrition 2022; 102:111749. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kabakuş Aykut M, Bilici S. The relationship between the risk of eating disorder and meal patterns in University students. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:579-587. [PMID: 33881762 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was carried out to evaluate the relation between meal patterns and the risk of eating disorders in university students. METHODS The study was conducted on a total of 331 volunteer students with a mean age of 22.08 ± 1.80 years, 56.5% female. Participants' sociodemographic characteristics, health information and eating habits like meal skipping and dieting were questioned. Sick, Control, One stone, Fat, Food (SCOFF) Eating Disorders Scale and Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) were used to determine eating behavior disorders, with face to face interviews by the researches. RESULTS A significant correlation was found between dieting and skipping meals and the risk of eating disorders in both genders (p < 0.05). In addition, when the reasons for skipping meals were questioned, a significant relationship was detected between skipping meals and eating behaviour disorders by 3.285 times (p = 0.000). Also, every unit of increase in body mass index (BMI) values of individuals who participated to the study led to an increase in eating disorders by a factor of 1.262 (p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support concerns about the negative health effects of increasing overweight among university students in accordance with the data that the increase in BMI values led to an increase in eating disorders. Notably a significant correlation was found between dieting, skipping meals and the risk of eating disorders in both genders it is highlighting the need for monitoring and early diagnosis of eating disorders in youth with simple scales like SCOFF. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Memnune Kabakuş Aykut
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gümüşhane University, Gümüşhane, Turkey
| | - Saniye Bilici
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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Kim HS, Jung SJ, Jang S, Kim MJ, Cha YS. Rice-based breakfast improves fasting glucose and HOMA-IR in Korean adolescents who skip breakfast, but breakfast skipping increases aromatic amino acids associated with diabetes prediction in Korean adolescents who skip breakfast: a randomized, parallel-group, controlled trial. Nutr Res Pract 2022; 16:450-463. [PMID: 35919293 PMCID: PMC9314192 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2022.16.4.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Suk Kim
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Jung
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Soyoung Jang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Youn-Soo Cha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Department of Obesity Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
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10
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Guan D, Lazar MA. Interconnections between circadian clocks and metabolism. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e148278. [PMID: 34338232 DOI: 10.1172/jci148278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms evolved through adaptation to daily light/dark changes in the environment; they are believed to be regulated by the core circadian clock interlocking feedback loop. Recent studies indicate that each core component executes general and specific functions in metabolism. Here, we review the current understanding of the role of these core circadian clock genes in the regulation of metabolism using various genetically modified animal models. Additionally, emerging evidence shows that exposure to environmental stimuli, such as artificial light, unbalanced diet, mistimed eating, and exercise, remodels the circadian physiological processes and causes metabolic disorders. This Review summarizes the reciprocal regulation between the circadian clock and metabolism, highlights remaining gaps in knowledge about the regulation of circadian rhythms and metabolism, and examines potential applications to human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyin Guan
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Skipping breakfast is associated with the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents: Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents - ERICA. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:276-284. [PMID: 33040745 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520003992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breakfast is considered as the most important meal of the day. The habit of skipping this meal in adolescence tends to remain until adulthood and has been associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. The present study estimated the prevalence of skipping breakfast and its association with cardiometabolic risk factors. This is a cross-sectional study with data from the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), with a nationally representative sample of 36 956 Brazilian adolescents, aged 12-17 years, enrolled in public and private schools. The outcomes were excess body weight (BMI), central obesity (waist circumference and waist:height ratio), lipid profile (total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and TAG) and glycidic profile (fasting glycaemia, fasting insulin and glycated Hb). The association between skipping breakfast and each outcome was estimated using multiple Poisson regression models (prevalence ratio (PR) and 95 % CI). Prevalence of skipping breakfast was 68·7 % and, after adjustments, it was associated with excess body weight (PR = 1·30; 95 % CI 1·18, 1·43), central obesity both by waist circumference (PR = 1·27; 95 % CI 1·00, 1·61) and by waist:height ratio (PR = 1·32; 95 % CI 1·13, 1·54) and high fasting glucose levels (PR = 1·54; 95 % CI 1·09, 2·18), fasting insulin (PR = 1·64; 95 % CI 1·21, 2·22), glycated Hb (PR = 1·16; 95 % CI 1·03, 1·31) and total cholesterol (PR = 1·14; 95 % CI 1·02, 1·27). Skipping breakfast was associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescence. In this context, the school environment is an ideal space to promote healthy eating habits, favouring the implementation of food and nutrition education activities to make adolescents aware of the importance of consuming breakfast daily.
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Jalloun RA, Alfadhli EM. Breakfast Location Effect on Breakfast Quality and Obesity Risk in Saudi Female College Students. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401316999201023152539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
There is a lack of data regarding breakfast consumption and quality
among college students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Objective:
The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of breakfast consumption and
examine the effect of breakfast location on breakfast nutritional quality and obesity risk among female
college students at Taibah University.
Methods:
A total of 658 students participated in this cross-sectional study. Based on the Child and Adult Care Food
Program (CACFP) recommendations, breakfast quality scores were computed by summing the individual food
components and categorizing participants according to tertiles of the breakfast score distribution. Mixed-effects repeatedmeasures models were used to examine BMI categories with increasing tertiles of breakfast quality scores, stratified by
breakfast location.
Results and Discussion:
Approximately 68% of the participants reported having breakfast regularly.
The mean breakfast quality score was determined for students who had breakfast at home (12.5
± 0.11), at college (10.41± 0.06), and in other places (8.19± 0.48). Obesity was associated with lower
average breakfast quality scores based on breakfast location [mean quintile 3 compared with 1
difference: home 13.6 (P < 0.001), college 9.1 (P < 0.001), other 8.6 (P < 0.001)].
Conclusion:
The findings presented here indicated that a high percentage of students consume
breakfast regularly. Students who had breakfast at home had high scores, which indicated good
breakfast quality and a decreased risk of obesity. Further research on breakfast quality is needed in
this area, as it affects the nutritional status and quality of life of the younger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola A. Jalloun
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman M. Alfadhli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Section, Taibah University Medical College, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
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Cadenas-Sanchez C, Medrano M, Arenaza L, Amasene M, Osés M, Labayen I. Association between Mediterranean Dietary Pattern and Breakfast Quality with Physical Fitness in School Children: The HIIT Project. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041353. [PMID: 33919630 PMCID: PMC8072945 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary habits have been linked with health in childhood. However, few studies have examined the association between healthy dietary patterns and physical fitness. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the associations of adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) and breakfast quality with physical fitness in children. Further to this, we examined the role of physical activity in these associations. A total of 175 children (86 girls, 9.7 ± 0.3 years) participated. Adherence to MDP and breakfast quality were assessed by the KIDMED questionnaire and 24 h recall, respectively. Cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and speed–agility were assessed. Physical activity was evaluated by wrist-worn accelerometers. Greater adherence to the MDP was related with higher cardiorespiratory fitness, lower-limbs muscular strength, and speed–agility (all β ≥ 0.189, all p ≤ 0.02). No significant associations were observed between breakfast quality and physical fitness (all p > 0.05). However, all the significant associations disappeared after adjusting for physical activity (all p > 0.05). Our study sheds light on the relevance of adhering to the MDP over physical fitness in school children. However, there is no association between breakfast quality and physical fitness. Furthermore, physical activity seems to explain, at least partially, these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (M.M.); (L.A.); (M.O.); (I.L.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - María Medrano
- Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (M.M.); (L.A.); (M.O.); (I.L.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lide Arenaza
- Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (M.M.); (L.A.); (M.O.); (I.L.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Amasene
- Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;
| | - Maddi Osés
- Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (M.M.); (L.A.); (M.O.); (I.L.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Idoia Labayen
- Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (M.M.); (L.A.); (M.O.); (I.L.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Kim HS, Jung SJ, Mun EG, Kim MS, Cho SM, Cha YS. Effects of a Rice-Based Diet in Korean Adolescents Who Habitually Skip Breakfast: A Randomized, Parallel Group Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030853. [PMID: 33807703 PMCID: PMC8002194 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During adolescence, healthy eating habits are important, and regular meal intake has an especially positive effect on future health. However, the rate of skipping breakfast has gradually increased. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the positive effects of a rice-based breakfast in Korean adolescents who usually skip breakfast. In this open parallel-group, randomized controlled trial, 105 middle and high school students aged 12-18 years who habitually skipped breakfast were recruited. They were randomly divided into three groups: the rice meal group (RMG, n = 35), wheat meal group (WMG, n = 35), and general meal group (GMG, n = 35). The RMG and WMG received a rice-based breakfast and wheat-based breakfast, respectively, for 12 weeks. After a 12-week intervention, the body fat mass (p < 0.05) and body mass index (p < 0.05) in the RMG were significantly lower than those in the other two groups, and the stress score was also significantly lower in the RMG (p < 0.05). Moreover, after the intervention, in the RMG only, compared to baseline levels, the relative theta (RT) wave activity significantly decreased in eight electrode sites, and the relative alpha (RA) wave activity increased significantly. Eating a rice-based breakfast has positive effects on body fat accumulation and cognitive function in Korean adolescents. Furthermore, a rice-based breakfast plan that is preferred by adolescents should be developed to assist them in developing healthy eating habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Suk Kim
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (H.-S.K.); (E.-G.M.)
| | - Su-Jin Jung
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
| | - Eun-Gyung Mun
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (H.-S.K.); (E.-G.M.)
| | - Myung-Sunny Kim
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea;
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Soo-Muk Cho
- Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea;
| | - Youn-Soo Cha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (H.-S.K.); (E.-G.M.)
- Department of Obesity Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-270-3822
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Cross-Sectional Associations Between Mothers and Children's Breakfast Routine-The Feel4Diabetes-Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030720. [PMID: 33668380 PMCID: PMC7996176 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive influences of family members have been associated with a high probability of children’s daily breakfast consumption. Therefore, the aim of this study was to scrutinize the association of breakfast routines between mothers and their children. The baseline data of the Feel4Diabetes-study was obtained in 9760 children (49.05% boys)–mother pairs in six European countries. A parental self-reported questionnaire gauging the frequency of breakfast consumption and of breakfast´ foods and beverages consumption was used. Agreement in routines of mothers and their children’s breakfast consumption was analyzed in sex-specific crosstabs. The relationship of breakfast routine and food groups’ consumption between mothers and their children was assessed with analysis of covariance. The highest proportion of children who always consumed breakfast were those whose mothers always consumed it. Children consuming breakfast regularly had a higher intake of milk or unsweetened dairy products and all kind of cereal products (low fiber and whole-grain) than occasional breakfast consumers (p < 0.05). The strong similarity between mothers and children suggests a transfer of breakfast routine from mothers to their children, as a high proportion of children who usually consume breakfast were from mothers also consuming breakfast. All breakfast foods and beverages consumption frequencies were similar between children and their mothers.
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16
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[Role of breakfast and its quality in the health of children and adolescents in Spain]. NUTR HOSP 2021; 38:396-409. [PMID: 33724048 DOI: 10.20960/nh.03398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Eating breakfast is a healthy habit that should be encouraged since childhood. When it provides nutritional quality, it is an important daily meal. The consumption of dairy products, cereals, and fruits at breakfast is associated with healthier dietary patterns, with a beneficial impact on the overall quality of the diet. In Spain, as in many other countries, the proportion of children who eat breakfast daily is very high, decreasing somewhat in adolescence. However, the quality of breakfast leaves room for improvement, with a low proportion of children/adolescents with high nutritional quality breakfasts. Children/adolescents who eat breakfast regularly have a higher intake of various nutrients (especially vitamins and minerals) than those who do not eat breakfast. Although the evidence is not entirely conclusive, numerous studies have shown various benefits when comparing the population that eats breakfast regularly versus those who do not, such as cardiometabolic risk parameters (obesity, diabetes, blood pressure and lipid profile) and cognitive functions. Breakfast should be included in healthy eating plans, since it allows incorporating foods that are difficult to consume in other meals and may contribute to reducing the risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases. In order to promote the intake of a healthy breakfast, it is essential to act on the sociodemographic and cultural factors that influence compliance and quality, such as age, nutritional education (mainly parents and children/adolescents, but also other family members, school mates, friends...), carrying it out as a family, adapting it to the tastes of each population and balancing quality and costs.
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17
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Tsukamoto H, Ishibashi A, Marley CJ, Shinohara Y, Ando S, Bailey DM, Hashimoto T, Ogoh S. Plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor and dynamic cerebral autoregulation in acute response to glycemic control following breakfast in young men. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 320:R69-R79. [PMID: 33112655 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00059.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We examined the acute impact of both low- and high-glycemic index (GI) breakfasts on plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) compared with breakfast omission. Ten healthy men (age 24 ± 1 yr) performed three trials in a randomized crossover order; omission and Low-GI (GI = 40) and High-GI (GI = 71) breakfast conditions. Middle cerebral artery velocity (transcranial Doppler ultrasonography) and arterial pressure (finger photoplethysmography) were continuously measured for 5 min before and 120 min following breakfast consumption to determine dCA using transfer function analysis. After these measurements of dCA, venous blood samples for the assessment of plasma BDNF were obtained. Moreover, blood glucose was measured before breakfast and every 30 min thereafter. The area under the curve of 2 h postprandial blood glucose in the High-GI trial was higher than the Low-GI trial (P < 0.01). The GI of the breakfast did not affect BDNF. In addition, both very-low (VLF) and low-frequency (LF) transfer function phase or gains were not changed during the omission trial. In contrast, LF gain (High-GI P < 0.05) and normalized gain (Low-GI P < 0.05) were decreased by both GI trials, while a decrease in VLF phase was observed in only the High-GI trial (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that breakfast consumption augmented dCA in the LF range but High-GI breakfast attenuated cerebral blood flow regulation against slow change (i.e., the VLF range) in arterial pressure. Thus we propose that breakfast and glycemic control may be an important strategy to optimize cerebrovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Tsukamoto
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Aya Ishibashi
- Japan Institute of Sports Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christopher J Marley
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, United Kingdom
| | - Yasushi Shinohara
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Soichi Ando
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Damian M Bailey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, United Kingdom
| | - Takeshi Hashimoto
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shigehiko Ogoh
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toyo University, Saitama, Japan
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18
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Use of workplace foodservices is associated with reduced meal skipping in Korean adult workers: A nationwide cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243160. [PMID: 33270703 PMCID: PMC7714101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skipping meals is a poor eating behaviour known to result in poor diet quality and health outcomes. Nevertheless, it has become increasingly common over the past few decades in many countries. This study aimed to examine the potential association between the use of workplace foodservices and skipping meals among Korean adult workers using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2018, a nationwide cross-sectional survey of a representative Korean population. A total of 5,137 workers aged 20–64 years were included. Dietary assessment was conducted using a 24-hour dietary recall. In total, 41.2% participants skipped one meal or more per day. The percentage of workers who skipped meals was 43.1±1.0% among participants who did not use workplace foodservices compared to 31.8±1.9% among those who did (P<0.01). Skipping meals was significantly associated with not using workplace foodservices, after adjusting for other confounders including sociodemographic variables, health-related variables, and meal procurement source (odds ratio = 3.4; 95% confidence interval = 2.6–4.4; P<0.01). We found a significant association between using workplace foodservices and reduced skipping meals in Korean adult workers. This study suggests the importance of the provision of workplace foodservices for workers to potentially reduce poor eating behaviours such as skipping meals.
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Kennedy SJ, Ryan L, Clegg ME. The Effects of a Functional Food Breakfast on Gluco-Regulation, Cognitive Performance, Mood, and Satiety in Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102974. [PMID: 33003338 PMCID: PMC7600660 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A whole diet which combines multiple functional foods benefits metabolic risk factors and cognition, but evidence supporting meal to meal benefits, which individuals may find easier to implement, is limited. This study developed a functional food breakfast (FB), using polyphenol-rich ingredients selected for their gluco-regulating and cognitive-enhancing properties, and compared it to a control breakfast (CB). For study 1, total polyphenols were determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method, and sugar release by in vitro digestion, in frozen and fresh samples. In study 2, healthy adults (n = 16) consumed an FB, CB and ready-to-eat breakfast cereal (RTEC) in a randomised crossover design. Glucose (GR) and insulin response (IR), satiety, mood and memory were measured over 180 min. The FB was a rich source of polyphenols (230 mg) compared to the CB (147 mg) (p < 0.05), and using frozen muffins did not compromise the polyphenol content or sugar release. Peak GR was highest after the RTEC (p < 0.05), and the insulin area under the curve (AUC) was lowest in the FB at 60, 120, 180 min and peak (p < 0.05). There were no effects on GR AUC, mood, satiety or memory. Reductions in GR peak and IR following consumption of the FB support the inclusion of functional ingredients at breakfast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Kennedy
- Functional Food Centre, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK;
| | - Lisa Ryan
- School of Science and Computing, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, H91 T8NW Galway, Ireland;
| | - Miriam E. Clegg
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK
- Correspondence:
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20
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Breloff SP, Bachman JL, Lugade VA, Stuka AD. THE EFFECT OF BLOOD GLUCOSE ON QUIET STANDING BALANCE IN YOUNG HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING-APPLICATIONS BASIS COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 32. [PMID: 32831529 DOI: 10.4015/s1016237220500167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Falling is one of the leading causes of accidental injury and death among elderly adults and construction workers, with costs exceeding US$31 billion each year. Having good balance reduces the likelihood of falling - therefore it is important to determine which possible factors might influence balance. The purpose of this study was to determine if consuming three different types of breakfast altered blood glucose levels in such a way that young healthy individual's balance control was compromised. Balance was then measured while the subjects completed single- and dual-task standing trials with eyes open and closed. Although changing blood glucose did alter quiet standing balance - as measured by the separation distance between the COG and COP, the velocity of the COM, and the total distance traveled by the COG and COP along the anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) axes - the results were contradictory to what was hypothesized. Subjects with lower blood glucose swayed less than those with higher blood glucose. This could potentially be due to the habitual skipping of breakfast in young adults. Though the changing of blood glucose did influence quiet standing balance of young healthy adults, it was not in a way which increased the risk of falling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott P Breloff
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 1095 Willowdale Road, MS L-2027 Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.,The University of Scranton Scranton, PA 18510, USA
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Breakfast Consumption in Low-Income Hispanic Elementary School-Aged Children: Associations with Anthropometric, Metabolic, and Dietary Parameters. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072038. [PMID: 32659982 PMCID: PMC7400815 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breakfast consumption is associated with lower obesity prevalence and cardiometabolic risk and higher dietary quality (DQ) in children. Low-income, Hispanic populations are disproportionately affected by obesity and cardiometabolic risks. This study examined the relationship between breakfast consumption groups (BCG) on anthropometric, metabolic, and dietary parameters in predominately low-income, Hispanic children from 16 Texas schools. Cross-sectional data were from TX Sprouts, a school-based gardening, nutrition, and cooking randomized controlled trial. Anthropometric measurements included height, weight, body mass index, body fat percent via bioelectrical impedance, waist circumference, and blood pressure. Metabolic parameters included fasting plasma glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, cholesterol, and triglycerides. DQ and BCG were assessed via two 24-h dietary recalls. Multivariate multiple regression examined relationships between BCG and anthropometric, metabolic, and dietary parameters. This study included 671 students (mean age 9 years, 58% Hispanic, 54% female, 66% free/reduced lunch, 17% breakfast skippers). No relationships were observed between BCG and anthropometric or metabolic parameters. BCG had higher DQ; higher daily protein, total sugar, and added sugar intake; and lower daily fat intake. Skipping breakfast was associated with lower DQ; higher daily fat intake; and lower daily protein intake. Longitudinal research examining breakfast quality on cardiometabolic outcomes in low-income, Hispanic children is warranted.
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Association between Frequency of Breakfast Consumption and Insulin Resistance Using Triglyceride-Glucose Index: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016-2018). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093322. [PMID: 32397662 PMCID: PMC7246451 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is an important chronic disease causing economic and social burden. Insulin resistance is a determinant of diabetes, and regular eating patterns are an important factor in blood sugar control. This study investigated the association between breakfast frequency and the risk of increased insulin resistance in Koreans. Data for 12,856 participants without diabetes in the 2016–2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Insulin resistance was assessed using the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, while the median TyG index value was used to define higher (≥8.5) vs. lower (<8.5) insulin resistance. Association between breakfast frequency and risk of increased insulin resistance was investigated using multiple logistic regression. Compared with those who had regular breakfast 5–7 times per week, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of individuals who did not eat breakfast were the highest at 1.42 (95% CI = 1.24–1.64, p ≤ 0.0001). Those who had breakfast 1–4 times per week had an odds ratio of 1.17 (95% CI = 1.03–1.32, p = 0.0153). We found that a lower weekly breakfast consumption was associated with a higher risk of insulin resistance in Koreans. Promoting the benefits of breakfast can be an important message to improve the health of the population.
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Dietary Patterns of Breakfast Consumption Among Chilean University Students. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020552. [PMID: 32093261 PMCID: PMC7071493 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Breakfast is one of the most important meals of the day. A good quality breakfast must include dairy products, cereals, and fruits. The aim of this study is to determine breakfast dietary patterns and their nutritional quality among Chilean university students. A cross-sectional non-probabilistic study was conducted in 200 university students between 18 and 27 years in Santiago, Chile. To identify dietary patterns and breakfast quality, a breakfast food survey was conducted. Patterns were identified by factor analysis. Most of the subjects (53%) ate breakfast daily, with a higher prevalence among females (60.2% vs. 43.7%, p < 0.05); 68% did not consume fruits and 17.5% had good breakfast quality, with no differences by sex. Four breakfast dietary patterns were identified: “dairy & cereals”, “healthy”, “traditional salty” and “traditional sweet” that together explained 35.6% of the total variance. There was no sex difference in predominant dietary patterns. The “dairy & cereals” and “traditional sweet” patterns were associated with regularly eating breakfast (β: −0.47, p = 0.001; β: −0.32, p = 0.020) and the “healthy” pattern with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (β: 0.35, p = 0.024). In conclusion, breakfast quality was inadequate due to low fruit consumption and energy intake. The four identified patterns included cereals, bread, dairy, fats and sugars. Results may be usual in the planning of future interventions aimed at improving breakfast consumption and quality in university students.
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Becerra MB, Bol BS, Granados R, Hassija C. Sleepless in school: The role of social determinants of sleep health among college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2020; 68:185-191. [PMID: 30489219 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1538148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sleep health is a public health concern and has been linked to an increased risk of number of deleterious health outcomes. Poor sleep health has been documented among college student populations; however, few studies have examined the social determinants of deficient sleep. The present study aims to address this gap, with emphasis on food insecurity, psychological distress, everyday discrimination, and academic performance. Participants (n = 282) completed self-report measures online assessing the variables of interest for the present study. Results revealed that the majority of college students in our sample reported feeling tired, fatigue, or daytime sleepiness and sleeping less than eight hours per night during the school week. Poor sleep health was significantly associated with being food insecurity, serious psychological distress, and poorer self-rated mental and physical health. Results have important implications for the development of targeted evidence-based interventions to improve sleep health among college populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monideepa B Becerra
- Department of Health Science and Human Ecology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | - Brittny S Bol
- Department of Health Science and Human Ecology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | - Rochelle Granados
- Department of Health Science and Human Ecology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | - Christina Hassija
- Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA, USA
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25
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Durocher E, Gauvin L. Adolescents' Weight Management Goals: Healthy and Unhealthy Associations with Eating Habits and Physical Activity. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2020; 90:15-24. [PMID: 31813165 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to quantify associations between one's weight management goal and eating behaviors and physical activity among teenagers. METHODS Weighted logistic regressions were performed predicting healthy behaviors from weight goal separately for boys and girls while controlling for age, body mass index, socioeconomic indicators, school type, and region using data from the 2010 to 2011 Enquête québécoise sur la santé des jeunes du secondaire, a survey of a representative sample of Quebec adolescents (N = 32,040). RESULTS About 18%, 31%, 19%, and 34% of boys and 32%, 34%, 5%, and 25% of girls were respectively trying to lose weight, maintain their weight, gain weight, and not trying to do anything about their weight. Trying to lose weight was associated with lower likelihood of eating breakfast daily (boys: odds ratio [OR] = 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.61, 0.84 girls: OR = 0.61; 95% CI = 0.54, 0.70). Among girls, trying to lose weight was also associated with higher likelihood of consuming at least 5 portions of fruits and vegetables (OR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.04, 1.37), lower likelihood of drinking sugar-sweetened beverages daily (OR = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.66, 0.90). Each weight-related goal was associated with unhealthy behaviors but most of them were also associated with adoption of healthier ones. CONCLUSION Having a weight related goal cannot inherently be thought of as health promoting goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse Durocher
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 125 University (418A), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1H 8M5
| | - Lise Gauvin
- École de santé publique de l'Université de Montréal, Researcher & Associate Scientific Director, Population Health Research, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 850 St-Denis Street, 1st Floor, S01-118, Montréal Québéc, Canada, H2X 0A9
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The nutritional content of children's breakfast cereals: a cross-sectional analysis of New Zealand, Australia, the UK, Canada and the USA. Public Health Nutr 2019; 23:1589-1598. [PMID: 31847924 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019003537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the Nutrition Information Panel (NIP) content, serving size and package size of children's ready-to-eat breakfast cereals (RTEC) available in five different Western countries. DESIGN NIP label information was collected from RTEC available for purchase in major supermarket chains. Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U and χ2 tests were applied to detect differences between countries on manufacturer-declared serving size, total energy (kJ), total protein, fat, saturated fat, carbohydrate, total sugar, Na and fibre content. The Nutrient Profiling Scoring Criterion (NPSC) was used to evaluate the number of products deemed to be 'unhealthy'. SETTING Supermarkets in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the UK and the USA. PARTICIPANTS Children's breakfast cereals (n 636), including those with and without promotional characters. RESULTS The majority of children's RTEC contained substantial levels of total sugar and differences were apparent between countries. Median sugar content per serving was higher in US cereals than all other countries (10·0 v. 7·7-9·1 g; P < 0·0001). Median fat and saturated fat content were lowest in Australia and New Zealand RTEC, while the Na content of RTEC was 60-120 % higher in the USA and Canada than in Australia and the UK (all P ≤ 0·01). CONCLUSIONS Across all countries, there was a high proportion of RTEC marketed for children that had an unhealthy nutrient profile. Strategies and policies are needed to improve the nutrient value of RTEC for children, so they provide a breakfast food that meets nutrition guidelines.
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Tani Y, Fujiwara T, Doi S, Isumi A. Home Cooking and Child Obesity in Japan: Results from the A-CHILD Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2859. [PMID: 31766554 PMCID: PMC6950631 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between the frequency of home cooking and obesity among children in Japan. We used cross-sectional data from the Adachi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty study, a population-based sample targeting all fourth-grade students aged 9 to 10 in Adachi City, Tokyo, Japan. Frequency of home cooking was assessed by a questionnaire for 4258 caregivers and classified as high (almost every day), medium (4-5 days/week), or low (≤3 days/week). School health checkup data on height and weight were used to calculate body mass index z-scores. Overall, 2.4% and 10.8% of children were exposed to low and medium frequencies of home cooking, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, children with a low frequency of home cooking were 2.27 times (95% confidence interval: 1.16-4.45) more likely to be obese, compared with those with a high frequency of home cooking. After adjustment for children's obesity-related eating behaviors (frequency of vegetable and breakfast intake and snacking habits) as potential mediating factors, the relative risk ratio of obesity became statistically non-significant (1.90; 95% confidence interval: 0.95-3.82). A low frequency of home cooking is associated with obesity among children in Japan, and this link may be explained by unhealthy eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (Y.T.); (S.D.); (A.I.)
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Rodrigues LL, Cooper JA, Paton CM. Acute consumption of Black walnuts increases fullness and decreases lipid peroxidation in humans. Nutr Res 2019; 71:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Zappalá G, Platania A, Bellia MA, Ragusa R, Marranzano M. Eating habits and food intake in relation to adherence to the mediterranean diet, in adults living in the Island of Sicily. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-190306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Zappalá
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Armando Platania
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Alessandra Bellia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalia Ragusa
- Clinical Directorate, University Hospital “G. Rodolico” Catania, Italy
| | - Marina Marranzano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Skipping Breakfast and a Meal at School: Its Correlates in Adiposity Context. Report from the ABC of Healthy Eating Study of Polish Teenagers. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071563. [PMID: 31336699 PMCID: PMC6682891 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known on skipping breakfast and a meal at school, especially considered together. The study identified nutrition knowledge-related, lifestyle (including diet quality, physical activity, and screen time) and socioeconomic correlates of skipping breakfast and a meal at school, considered together or alone and assessed the association of skipping these meals with adiposity markers in Polish teenagers. The sample consisted of 1566 fourth and fifth grade elementary school students (11–13 years). The study was designed as a cross-sectional study. Data related to the consumption of selected food items and meals, physical activity, screen time, sociodemographic factors, and nutrition knowledge (all self-reported) were collected (in 2015–2016) with a short form of a food frequency questionnaire. Respondents reported the usual consumption of breakfast (number of days/week) and a meal or any food eaten at school (number of school days/week) labelled as ‘a meal at school’. The measurements of body weight, height, and waist circumference were taken. BMI-for-age ≥25 kg/m2 was considered as a marker of overweight/obesity (general adiposity), while waist-to-height ratio ≥0.5 as a marker of central obesity (central adiposity). A multivariate logistic regression was applied to verify the association between variables. A total of 17.4% of teenagers frequently skipped breakfast (4–7 days/week), 12.9% frequently skipped a meal at school (3–5 school days/week), while 43.6% skipped both of these meals a few times a week. Predictors of skipping breakfast and/or a meal at school were female gender, age over 12 years, urban residence, lower family affluence, lower nutrition knowledge, higher screen time, and lower physical activity. In comparison to “never-skippers,” “frequent breakfast skippers” were more likely to be overweight/obese (odds ratio, OR 1.89; 95% confidence interval, 95%CI 1.38, 2.58) and centrally obese (OR 1.63; 95%CI 1.09, 2.44), while skippers a few times a week of both of these meals were more likely to be overweight/obese (OR 1.37; 95%CI 1.06, 1.78). Concluding, we estimated that a large percentage of Polish teenagers (approx. 44%) usually skipped both breakfast and a meal at school a few times a week. Similar predictors of skipping breakfast and predictors of skipping a meal at school were identified. Special attention should be paid to promoting shortening screen time and increasing physical activity and teenagers’ nutrition knowledge which are relatively easily modifiable correlates. The study shows that skipping both of these meals a few times a week was associated with general adiposity and also strengthens previous evidence showing the association of frequent skipping breakfast with general and central adiposity.
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Oikonomou E, Lazaros G, Christoforatou E, Chasikidis C, Vavouranaki G, Vogiatzi G, Papamikroulis GA, Tsalamandris S, Gergiopoulos G, Mazaris S, Theofilis P, Anastasiou M, Galiatsatos N, Tousoulis D. Breakfast association with arterial stiffness and carotid atherosclerotic burden. Insights from the 'Corinthia' study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:744-750. [PMID: 31138498 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The role of dietary patterns, in cardiovascular diseases has been challenged. The role of breakfast as an element of balance energy intake has gained research interest. However, the effects of dietary patterns related to breakfast consumption on vascular function are unknown. We explored the association of breakfast consumption habits with arterial wall elastic properties and carotid atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS In this cross-sectional study we enrolled 2043 inhabitants of the Corinthia region in Greece. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) was used to assess arterial stiffness. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) was measured and the mean and the maximum cIMT were calculated. According to food frequency questionnaires, breakfast contribution in total daily energy intake (>20%; 5-20% and <5%) was estimated. Subjects were categorized as high-energy breakfast consumers (HeBC), low-energy breakfast consumers (LeBC) and those skipping breakfast (SBf) respectively. From the study population 240 subjects were categorized as HeBC, 897 as LeBC, and 681 as SBf. The mean cf-PWV was significantly higher in subjects SBf compared to LeBC and HeBC (9.35 ± 2.82 m/s vs. 9.09 ± 2.77 m/s vs. 8.76 ± 2.69 m/s, p = 0.02). The mean cIMT was significantly higher in subjects SBf compared to LeBC and HeBC (1.04 ± 0.46 mm vs. 0.99 ± 0.43 mm vs. 0.92 ± 0.39 mm, p = 0.01). Even after adjustment for potential confounders and cardiovascular risk factors SBf subjects have significantly increased mean cIMT and cf-PWV. CONCLUSION Skipping breakfast has an adverse effect on arterial stiffness and carotid atheromatic burden. Increased breakfast total energy intake may act protectively against atherosclerosis, a finding worth of further pathophysiologic exploration with potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Oikonomou
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - George Lazaros
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Christoforatou
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Chasikidis
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Vavouranaki
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Vogiatzi
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.
| | - George A Papamikroulis
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios Tsalamandris
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Gergiopoulos
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Savvas Mazaris
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Theofilis
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Myriam Anastasiou
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Galiatsatos
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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Breakfast Intake and Factors Associated with Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet among Lebanese High School Adolescents. J Nutr Metab 2019; 2019:2714286. [PMID: 31275644 PMCID: PMC6589235 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2714286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet has shown to have positive health impacts on metabolic diseases and cognitive performance. However, Mediterranean countries have witnessed a decreased adherence during the past years and the adoption of a more westernized dietary pattern. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of Mediterranean diet adherence with sociodemographic, lifestyle, and anthropometric factors among Lebanese high school adolescents. Specifically, we aimed to analyse in this group the association between low adherence and breakfast intake. A cross-sectional survey was carried out on randomly selected students (268 boys and 332 girls), aged between 15 and 18 years old, from private and public schools in Beirut and Mount Lebanon. Data were obtained from self-administered questionnaires and anthropometric measurements. The Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for children and adolescents was used to assess the adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The results showed a high percentage of adolescents having a low adherence (43%), with girls (64.2%) having a significant (p < 0.001) higher adherence than boys (35.8%). Furthermore, the study proved that a lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet was significantly associated with a higher risk of obesity (15.5%), breakfast skipping (69.4%), and an unhealthy breakfast options (17.4%). Younger adolescents (47.4%), students from public schools (92.6%), and students with the highest grades (25.3%) had a significantly higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet than those from private schools (7.4%) and older adolescents (18.9%). In conclusion, results should plead for an increased awareness in Lebanese schools, supporting students to be more adherent to the Mediterranean diet, in order to prevent a further increase in metabolic diseases later in adulthood.
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Seedat R, Pillay K. Breakfast consumption and its relationship to sociodemographic and lifestyle factors of undergraduate students in the School of Health Sciences at the University of KwaZulu-Natal. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2018.1564470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raeesa Seedat
- Dietetics and Human Nutrition, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Kirthee Pillay
- Dietetics and Human Nutrition, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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Ballon A, Neuenschwander M, Schlesinger S. Breakfast Skipping Is Associated with Increased Risk of Type 2 Diabetes among Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. J Nutr 2019; 149:106-113. [PMID: 30418612 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiologic studies have indicated that breakfast skipping is associated with risk of type 2 diabetes. However, the shape of the dose-response relation and the influence of adiposity on this association have not been reported. Objective We investigated the association between breakfast skipping and risk of type 2 diabetes by considering the influence of the body mass index (BMI). Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed and Web of Science were searched up to August 2017. Prospective cohort studies on breakfast skipping and risk of type 2 diabetes in adults were included. Summary RRs and 95% CIs, without and with adjustment for BMI, were estimated with the use of a random-effects model in pairwise and dose-response meta-analyses. Results In total 6 studies, based on 96,175 participants and 4935 cases, were included. The summary RR for type 2 diabetes comparing ever with never skipping breakfast was 1.33 (95% CI: 1.22, 1.46, n = 6 studies) without adjustment for BMI, and 1.22 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.34, n = 4 studies) after adjustment for BMI. Nonlinear dose-response meta-analysis indicated that risk of type 2 diabetes increased with every additional day of breakfast skipping, but the curve reached a plateau at 4-5 d/wk, showing an increased risk of 55% (summary RR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.41, 1.71). No further increase in risk of type 2 diabetes was observed after 5 d of breakfast skipping/wk (P for nonlinearity = 0.08). Conclusions This meta-analysis provides evidence that breakfast skipping is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, and the association is partly mediated by BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Ballon
- Institute for Biometry and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Manuela Neuenschwander
- Institute for Biometry and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schlesinger
- Institute for Biometry and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Wadolowska L, Hamulka J, Kowalkowska J, Kostecka M, Wadolowska K, Biezanowska-Kopec R, Czarniecka-Skubina E, Kozirok W, Piotrowska A. Prudent-Active and Fast-Food-Sedentary Dietary-Lifestyle Patterns: The Association with Adiposity, Nutrition Knowledge and Sociodemographic Factors in Polish Teenagers-The ABC of Healthy Eating Project. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1988. [PMID: 30558296 PMCID: PMC6315952 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A holistic approach to understanding the relationship between diet, lifestyle and obesity is a better approach than studying single factors. This study presents the clustering of dietary and lifestyle behaviours to determine the association of these dietary-lifestyle patterns (DLPs) with adiposity, nutrition knowledge, gender and sociodemographic factors in teenagers. The research was designed as a cross-sectional study with convenience sampling. The sample consisted of 1549 Polish students aged 11⁻13 years. DLPs were identified with cluster analysis. Logistic regression modelling with adjustment for confounders was applied. Three dietary-lifestyle patterns were identified: Prudent-Active (29.3% of the sample), Fast-food-Sedentary (13.8%) and notPrudent-notFast-food-lowActive (56.9%). Adherence to Prudent-Active pattern (reference: notPrudent-notFast-food-lowActive) was 29% or 49% lower in 12-year-old or 13-year-old teenagers than in 11-year-old teenagers, respectively, and higher by 57% or 2.4 times in the middle or the upper tertile than the bottom tertile of the nutrition knowledge score. To the contrary, adherence to Fast-food-Sedentary (reference: notPrudent-notFast-food-lowActive) was lower by 41% or 58% in the middle or the upper tertile than the bottom tertile of the nutrition knowledge score, respectively. In Prudent-Active, the chance of central obesity (waist-to-height ratio ≥0.5) was lower by 47% and overweight/obesity was lower by 38% or 33% (depending on which standard was used: International Obesity Task Force, 2012: BMI (body mass index)-for-age ≥ 25 kg/m² or Polish standards, 2010: BMI-for-age ≥ 85th percentile) when compared with the notPrudent-notFast-food-lowActive pattern. In Fast-food-Sedentary, the chance of central obesity was 2.22 times higher than the Prudent-Active pattern. The study identified a set of characteristics that decreased the risk of general and central adiposity in teenagers, which includes health-promoting behaviours related to food, meal consumption and lifestyle. Avoiding high-energy dense foods is insufficient to prevent obesity, if physical activity and the consumption frequency of health-promoting foods are low and breakfast and a school meal are frequently skipped. The results highlight the importance of the nutrition knowledge of teenagers in shaping their health-promoting dietary habits and active lifestyle to decrease adiposity risk and negative aspects of lower family affluence which promotes unhealthy behaviours, both related to diet and lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Wadolowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Cieszynski 1, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Jadwiga Hamulka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Science (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Kowalkowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Cieszynski 1, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata Kostecka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences, 15 Akademicka Street, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Wadolowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Cieszynski 1, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Renata Biezanowska-Kopec
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 122 Balicka Street, 30-149 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Ewa Czarniecka-Skubina
- Department of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Science (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Witold Kozirok
- Department of Commodity and Quality Management, Faculty of Entrepreneurship and Quality Science, Gdynia Maritime University, 81-87 Morska Street, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Anna Piotrowska
- Department of Functional Food, Ecological Food and Commodities, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Science (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
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Cornford E, Metcalfe R. Omission of carbohydrate-rich breakfast impairs evening 2000-m rowing time trial performance. Eur J Sport Sci 2018; 19:133-140. [PMID: 30431398 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1545052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effect of breakfast omission on evening high-intensity exercise performance has not previously been studied. METHODS In a randomised and counterbalanced cross-over design, 10 competitive rowers (2 male, 8 female; mean ± SD: age 21 ± 2 y, height 176 ± 7 cm, weight 76 ± 12 kg, body fat 19.7 ± 6.8%) completed two trials (individualised carbohydrate-rich breakfast (BT; 831 ± 67 kcal eaten before 09:00) and no-breakfast (NBT; extended overnight fast until 12:00)). Following ad libitum afternoon food intake, participants completed a 2000-m time-trial on a rowing ergometer between 16:30 and 18:00. Appetite and energy intake were measured throughout the day, whilst power output, time, heart rate, blood lactate, blood glucose and RPE were assessed during the time trial. RESULTS Appetite ratings were higher throughout the morning in NBT compared with BT, but there were no differences in ratings in the afternoon. Energy intake at lunch was greater NBT compared with BT (1236 ± 594 vs 836 ± 303 kcal, p < .05), which partly compensated for breakfast omission, although overall energy intake tended to be lower in NBT compared with BT (1236 ± 594 vs 1589 ± 225 kcal, p = .08). The time taken to complete the 2000-m time trial was greater in NBT compared with BT (469.2 ± 43.4 vs 465.7 ± 43.3 s; p < .05). No differences in heart rate, blood glucose and blood lactate responses were apparent, but overall RPE was higher in NBT compared with BT (17.8 ± 0.9 vs 16.7 ± 0.7 au, p < .05). CONCLUSION The omission of a carbohydrate-rich breakfast impaired evening performance during a 2000-m rowing time trial. This finding has implications for optimising evening high-intensity exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Cornford
- a Applied Sport Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre , Swansea University , Swansea , UK
| | - Richard Metcalfe
- a Applied Sport Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre , Swansea University , Swansea , UK
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Nakajima K. Unhealthy eating habits around sleep and sleep duration: To eat or fast? World J Diabetes 2018; 9:190-194. [PMID: 30479684 PMCID: PMC6242722 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v9.i11.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, breakfast skipping (BS), and recently late-night dinner eating (LNDE), have attracted attention in public health because they can predispose to cardiometabolic conditions such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Intriguingly, it has become evident that short duration of sleep elicits similar health risks. As LNDE, BS, and short sleep can be closely related and can aggravate each other, these three should not be considered separately. In this context, LNDE (or its equivalents, snacking or heavy alcohol consumption after dinner) and BS may be representative unhealthy eating habits around sleep (UEHAS). While it is important to take energy in the early morning for physical and intellectual activities, attaining a fasting state is essential for metabolic homeostasis. Our previous UEHAS studies have shown that BS without LNDE, i.e., BS alone, is not associated with obesity and diabetes, suggesting the possibility that BS or taking a very low energy breakfast, which could yield fasting for a while, may prevent obesity and diabetes in people with inevitable LNDE. Further studies considering UEHAS and short sleep simultaneously are needed to elucidate the effects of these unhealthy lifestyles on cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Nakajima
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health and Social Services, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Yokosuka 238-8522, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe 350-8550, Saitama, Japan
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Regularity of Breakfast Consumption and Diet: Insights from National Adult Nutrition Survey. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111578. [PMID: 30373105 PMCID: PMC6267347 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breakfast is considered to be one of the most important meals of the day. Its omission has been reported to be associated with increased disease risk, such as obesity, diabetes, and coronary heart disease, as well as unhealthy lifestyle and lower dietary quality. Using data from the National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS)-a food consumption survey conducted among 1500 Irish men and women over 18 years of age, residing in the Republic of Ireland at the time the survey was conducted-we aimed to characterize breakfast regularity, identify dietary patterns associated with regular breakfast consumption, and assess the nutritional quality of such dietary patterns, using the nutrient-rich food index score NRF9.3. We determined two breakfast regularity categories and assessed dietary quality, by means of adherence to the principal component analysis derived dietary patterns and the NRF9.3 dietary index. Regular breakfast consumers were identified as those who consumed breakfast 3⁻4 times out of the 4 days of the collection period; such consumers comprised the majority of the population (94.4%). They had the highest adherence to healthier dietary patterns, namely, the "vegetarian" (odds ratio (OR): 2.59: 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.40, 4.77), "fish and vegetables" (OR: 2.88: 95% CI: 1.63, 5.10), and "breakfast cereals" (OR: 4.62: 95% CI: 2.43, 8.79) dietary patterns. Breakfast significantly contributed to the daily micronutrient intake by providing, on average, 24% of dietary fiber, 32% of iron, 30% of calcium, 32% of folate, and 37% of riboflavin. The importance of regular breakfast consumption on those who skip breakfast should be highlighted, in order to improve compliance with nutritional recommendations and adherence to a healthy lifestyle.
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Effect of an Education Program on Nutrition Knowledge, Attitudes toward Nutrition, Diet Quality, Lifestyle, and Body Composition in Polish Teenagers. The ABC of Healthy Eating Project: Design, Protocol, and Methodology. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101439. [PMID: 30720795 PMCID: PMC6213798 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To increase teenagers’ nutrition knowledge is an important target and has the potential to improve their dietary habits and lifestyle while reducing incidences of obesity-related non-communicable diseases throughout the whole lifespan. This study protocol presents the general approach and details of an assessment of nutritional knowledge, attitudes toward nutrition, diet quality, lifestyle and body composition that have been used to comprehensively evaluate the cross-behavioral patterns covering dietary and lifestyle behaviors in Polish teenagers. The study was designed in two paths as: a cross-sectional study (covering 1569 students) and an education-based intervention study (464 students) with a 9-month follow-up. We describe a short form of the food frequency questionnaire (SF-FFQ4PolishChildren) used to collect data and details of diet-related and lifestyle-related education program, which was developed and implemented by academic researchers involved in the study. We also describe details of the data development and statistical analysis, including multidimensional methods of clustering variables to identify cross-behavioral patterns covering diet and lifestyle. The results of the study will provide evidence-based support for preventive health care to promote normal growth and development of young population and reduce the risk of diet-related diseases in adulthood, by early shaping of adequate dietary and lifestyle behaviors. In the future, well-tailored education programs addressed to teenagers can be created as an important public health action, based on our results.
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Association of Breakfast Quality and Energy Density with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Overweight/Obese Children: Role of Physical Activity. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10081066. [PMID: 30103429 PMCID: PMC6116118 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a general belief that having breakfast is an important healthy lifestyle factor; however, there is scarce evidence on the influence of breakfast quality and energy density on cardiometabolic risk in children, as well as on the role of physical activity in this association. The aims of this paper were (i) to examine the associations of breakfast quality and energy density from both solids and beverages with cardiometabolic risk factors, and (ii) to explore whether physical activity levels may attenuate these relationships in children with overweight/obesity from two projects carried out in the north and south of Spain. Breakfast consumption, breakfast quality index (BQI) score, BEDs/BEDb (24 h-recalls and the KIDMED questionnaire), and physical activity (PA; accelerometry) were assessed, in 203 children aged 8–12 years who were overweight or obese. We measured body composition (Dual X-ray Absorptiometry), uric acid, blood pressure, lipid profile, gamma-glutamyl-transferase (GGT), glucose, and insulin, and calculated the HOMA and metabolic syndrome z-score. The BQI score was inversely associated with serum uric acid independently of a set of relevant confounders (β = −0.172, p = 0.028), but the relationship was attenuated after further controlling for total PA (p < 0.07). BEDs was positively associated with total and HDL cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure regardless of confounders (all p < 0.05), while BEDb was positively associated with HOMA in either active/inactive children (all p < 0.03). In conclusion, higher breakfast quality and lower breakfast energy density should be promoted in overweight/obesity children to improve their cardiometabolic health.
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CNOP MLDE, MONTEIRO LS, RODRIGUES PRM, ESTIMA CCP, VEIGA GVD, PEREIRA RA. Meal habits and anthropometric indicators in adolescents from public and private schools of the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro. REV NUTR 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-98652018000100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective To describe meal consumption habits and assess their associations with anthropometric indicators. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on 1,749 elementary and high school students from public and private schools in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (mean age=15.3 years), who were selected for the baseline of the Longitudinal Study for Nutritional Assessment of Adolescents. Meal habits and meals consumed in the company of parents were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. The consumption of the main meals was categorized as regular (daily) or irregular (≤6 times a week). The meal consumption profile was considered either satisfactory (breakfast, lunch, and dinner consumed on a daily basis) or unsatisfactory. Body Mass Index, waist-to-height ratio, and body fat percentage were calculated. The association between meal consumption habits and anthropometric indicators was estimated using multivariate logistic regression models, adjusted for age and sex and stratified according to the type of school. Results Regular lunch consumption was more frequent among private schools students, who also had higher frequency of eating dinner irregularly. Among students from private schools, the unsatisfactory meal consumption profile and irregular meal habits were associated with being overweight, having a high waist-to-height ratio, and increased body fat percentage. Among students from public schools, it was observed association between being overweight with irregular breakfast habits. Conclusion In adolescents, the association between meal habits and weight status may be modulated by socioeconomic condition.
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Skipping breakfast is associated with lower diet quality in young US children. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 72:548-556. [PMID: 29367733 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0084-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Breakfast consumption has been shown to impact children's growth and development, but the influence of breakfast skipping on total daily intakes is not known. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in nutritional intakes and food consumption between children who consume breakfast versus those who do not. SUBJECTS/METHODS Dietary recall data were assessed for 2-year-old to 5-year-old children (n = 3443) and 6-year-old to 12-year-old children (n = 5147) from NHANES 2005-2012. Dietary intakes and diet quality scores were compared across breakfast consumption and skipping with means and 95% confidence interval. RESULTS Children who skipped breakfast on the day of intake had significantly lower energy intakes for the total day (5911 vs 6723 kJ) but had greater energy intakes from non-breakfast meals and snacks. Children who skipped breakfast consumed nearly 40% of the day's intake (2332 kJ of 5911 kJ) from snacks, with 586 kJ from snacks as added sugars. Breakfast skipping was also related to significantly lower intakes of fiber, folate, iron, and calcium intakes. Overall diet quality scores, as well as fruit, whole fruit, whole grains, dairy and empty calorie subscale scores were significantly better in children who ate breakfast. CONCLUSIONS Children who skipped breakfast presented poorer overall diet quality and lower total intakes commonly obtained at breakfast. To address missed opportunities, nutrition professionals should encourage children's consumption of a nutritious breakfast to support overall diet quality.
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Gouda M, Matsukawa M, Iijima H. Associations between eating habits and glycemic control and obesity in Japanese workers with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2018; 11:647-658. [PMID: 30410377 PMCID: PMC6199223 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s176749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the impact of poor eating habits on glycemic and metabolic control, we analyzed the associations between eating behaviors and HbA1c and body mass index (BMI) in Japanese workers with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). SUBJECTS AND METHODS The Japan Medical Data Center database of workers' medical health insurance claims was used to identify individuals with T2DM who were receiving antidiabetic medication between April 2012 and March 2015 (the primary analysis population). The database included routine medical check-up results and responses to questions on lifestyle and eating habits. Using these, we retrospectively analyzed the associations between the individuals' eating habits and their HbA1c levels and BMIs. RESULTS In total, 31,722 individuals were included in the primary analysis. The mean values of HbA1c and BMI were 7.27% and 26.29 kg/m2, respectively; these tended to be higher among the younger population. Approximately 36% of the individuals regularly ate supper within 2 hours of bedtime, 14.5% regularly consumed late-night snacks, and 13.4% regularly skipped breakfast. Each of these eating habits correlated significantly with higher HbA1c and BMI. In addition, the population with two or all three of these poor dietary habits showed the highest association with HbA1c ≥7.0% and BMI ≥25 kg/m2. Approximately 38% of workers ate fast. Fast eating was significantly associated with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 but not with HbA1c ≥7.0%. CONCLUSION Poor eating habits were significantly associated with poor glycemic and body weight control in Japanese workers with T2DM. Improved eating habits may help with glycemic and body weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Gouda
- Medical Intelligence Department, Ikuyaku. Integrated Value Development Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Miyuki Matsukawa
- Data Science Department, Ikuyaku. Integrated Value Development Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation,Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Iijima
- Medical Affairs Department, Ikuyaku. Integrated Value Development Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
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Mineral availability is modified by tannin and phytate content in sorghum flaked breakfast cereals. Food Res Int 2018; 103:509-514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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FIUZA RFDP, MURARO AP, RODRIGUES PRM, SENA EDMS, FERREIRA MG. Skipping breakfast and associated factors among Brazilian adolescents. REV NUTR 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-98652017000500007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the prevalence and factors associated with breakfast skipping among adolescents. Methods Cross-sectional study, with adolescents aged 10-17 years, evaluated between 2009 and 2011, belonging to a cohort study in the Central-West region of Brazil. Breakfast skipping was considered as not having breakfast every day. Demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors were evaluated through a questionnaire. Anthropometric assessment included measurement of weight and height, which were used to classify weight status using body mass index. Poisson regression was used to assess the association of breakfast skipping with demographic and socioeconomic variables, lifestyle factors, and weight status. Results Among 1,716 Brazilian adolescents evaluated, 36.2% reported not consuming breakfast every day, with the highest prevalence among girls (p=0.03). After adjusting for age and economic class, breakfast skipping was associated with not consuming breakfast with parents and morning shift at school, in both genders, and with obesity only in boys. Lifestyle factors such as alcohol consumption, physical activity, diet quality, and smoking were not associated with skipping breakfast. Conclusion The omission of breakfast was observed in more than a third of adolescents, being associated with demographic and lifestyle factors. In the public health perspective, the importance of encouraging the consumption of this meal is highlighted, with actions involving the school environment and the family.
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Baum JI, Gaines BL, Kubas GC, Mitchell CF, Russell SL. Educational nutrition messaging at breakfast reduces snack intake and influences snack preferences in adult men and women. Appetite 2017; 117:67-73. [PMID: 28627401 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Breakfast skipping is associated with increased risk of weight gain and obesity in young adults, possibly due to increased snacking later in the day. Recent research suggests that providing and animal versus a plant source of protein at breakfast can reduce snack intake later in the day. In addition, providing nutrition information via a nutrition label, front-of-pack information, or via text messaging has been shown to help individuals make healthier food choices. The objective of this study was to determine if educational nutrition messaging and protein source influenced snack intake 2 h following the breakfast meal. Participants (n = 33) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: educational nutrition messaging (EM; n = 16) or no messaging (NM; n = 17) group. The study was conducted using a randomized, cross-over design in which each participant received each of two breakfast beverages, whey protein- (WP) and pea protein (PP)- based. Appetite was assessed at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after each test breakfast using visual analog scales. Participants were then provided with a selection of healthy and unhealthy snacks for 60 min. There was no effect of protein source on appetite or snack intake. However, participants presented with EM had reduced snack intake over the snacking period compared to NM (P = 0.058) and, of the snacks consumed, the EM group consumed a higher percentage of healthy versus unhealthy snacks compared to NM (P < 0.0001), resulting in lower calorie intake. Taken together these data suggest that protein source, as part of a higher protein breakfast, does not affect appetite response or snack intake, but EM may help play a role in reducing snack intake between meals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie I Baum
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Center for Human Nutrition, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, United States.
| | - Brianna L Gaines
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Center for Human Nutrition, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, United States
| | - Gabrielle C Kubas
- Department of Biology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
| | - Charlayne F Mitchell
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Center for Human Nutrition, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, United States
| | - Sarah L Russell
- Department of Biology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
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Employment status and temporal patterns of energy intake: Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan, 2005–2008. Public Health Nutr 2017; 20:3295-3303. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980017002476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo (i) identify the major temporal patterns of energy intake among adults; (ii) examine the association between employment status and the patterns; and (iii) examine the association between dietary quality and the patterns.DesignSecondary analysis based on the cross-sectional population-based nutrition survey in Taiwan, 2005–2008. Based on energy intake levels at six time intervals of a day derived from 24 h recall data, we applied cluster analysis to identify major temporal patterns of energy intake. Self-reported employment status was categorized into six groups: full-time, part-time, no job, student, homemaker and retired. Multinomial logistic regression models were fitted to test the association between temporal patterns of energy intake and employment groups.SettingNon-institutionalized community dwellers.SubjectsNon-pregnant adults (≥19 years old) with total energy intake between 2092 and 20920 kJ/d (500 and 5000 kcal/d; n 4508).ResultsFive major patterns were identified, which can be seen as the traditional meal pattern and its variants. About 20 % of adults had the traditional pattern. The most prevalent pattern was the delayed morning meal pattern (33 %), which had lower Ca and P intakes than the traditional pattern. About 14 % of adults had the delayed lunchtime pattern, which had lower protein, PUFA, fibre, Ca, P, vitamin D and vitamin E intakes than the traditional. Adjusted prevalence of the delayed lunchtime pattern was highest among full-time students (34 %), followed by part-time workers (24 %), and was lower in retired (8 %), homemakers (11 %) and full-time employed adults (12 %).ConclusionAdults’ temporal patterns of energy intake, which varied with their employment status, affected their dietary quality.
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Kahleova H, Lloren JI, Mashchak A, Hill M, Fraser GE. Meal Frequency and Timing Are Associated with Changes in Body Mass Index in Adventist Health Study 2. J Nutr 2017; 147:1722-1728. [PMID: 28701389 PMCID: PMC5572489 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.244749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Scientific evidence for the optimal number, timing, and size of meals is lacking.Objective: We investigated the relation between meal frequency and timing and changes in body mass index (BMI) in the Adventist Health Study 2 (AHS-2), a relatively healthy North American cohort.Methods: The analysis used data from 50,660 adult members aged ≥30 y of Seventh-day Adventist churches in the United States and Canada (mean ± SD follow-up: 7.42 ± 1.23 y). The number of meals per day, length of overnight fast, consumption of breakfast, and timing of the largest meal were exposure variables. The primary outcome was change in BMI per year. Linear regression analyses (stratified on baseline BMI) were adjusted for important demographic and lifestyle factors.Results: Subjects who ate 1 or 2 meals/d had a reduction in BMI per year (in kg · m-2 · y-1) (-0.035; 95% CI: -0.065, -0.004 and -0.029; 95% CI: -0.041, -0.017, respectively) compared with those who ate 3 meals/d. On the other hand, eating >3 meals/d (snacking) was associated with a relative increase in BMI (P < 0.001). Correspondingly, the BMI of subjects who had a long overnight fast (≥18 h) decreased compared with those who had a medium overnight fast (12-17 h) (P < 0.001). Breakfast eaters (-0.029; 95% CI: -0.047, -0.012; P < 0.001) experienced a decreased BMI compared with breakfast skippers. Relative to subjects who ate their largest meal at dinner, those who consumed breakfast as the largest meal experienced a significant decrease in BMI (-0.038; 95% CI: -0.048, -0.028), and those who consumed a big lunch experienced a smaller but still significant decrease in BMI than did those who ate their largest meal at dinner.Conclusions: Our results suggest that in relatively healthy adults, eating less frequently, no snacking, consuming breakfast, and eating the largest meal in the morning may be effective methods for preventing long-term weight gain. Eating breakfast and lunch 5-6 h apart and making the overnight fast last 18-19 h may be a useful practical strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kahleova
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA;,Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic; and
| | | | - Andrew Mashchak
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA
| | - Martin Hill
- Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gary E Fraser
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA;
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Breakfast quality and cardiometabolic risk profiles in an upper middle-aged German population. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:1312-1320. [PMID: 28745333 PMCID: PMC5672061 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Little is known about relation of overall breakfast quality with cardiometabolic risk factors. Therefore, this study aimed to explore sex-specific associations between breakfast quality and cardiometabolic risk profiles in a sample of an upper middle-aged German population. Subjects/Methods: Cardiometabolic profiles of 339 men and 329 women were cross-sectionally assessed using an overall biomarker score (BScore), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), blood pressure, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Overall breakfast quality was assessed by using (i) an a-priori defined breakfast quality score (BQS) and (ii) data-driven breakfast patterns based on principal component analysis (PCA). Multiple linear regression models for association of breakfast quality with all outcomes were adjusted for all potential confounders including overall diet quality. Results: After adjustment for all potential confounders the BQS was inversely associated with the BScore (regression beta with 95% Confidence Interval: −0.29 (052−0.06)) and HbA1c (−0.12 (−0.21, −0.04)) in men; whereas no such associations were observed in women. Four breakfast (B) patterns were identified: B-processed-food pattern, B-cereal pattern, B-high fat pattern and B-dairy & cereal pattern. The B-processed-food pattern was positively associated with HbA1c (0.09(0.01, 0.18)), BMI (0.16 (0.06, 0.26)), and WC (0.17 (0.8, 0.26)) in men, and BMI (0.13 (0.1, 0.25)) and WC (0.11(0.01.0.22)) in women. The B-cereal pattern was inversely associated with BScore (−0.23 (−0.45, −0.01)) and BMI (-0.11 (−0.20, −0.01)) in men and WC(−0.16 (−0.27, −0.05)) in women. The B-dairy & cereal pattern was also inversely associated with BScore (−0.26 (−0.48, −0.04)) in men but not in women. Conclusions: The overall breakfast quality was cross-sectionally associated with a healthier cardiometabolic profile, especially in upper-middle age men, independent of overall dietary quality. Such analyses should be supplemented by studies investigating the circadian sequence of food intake and metabolic consequences including hard disease endpoints.
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Dietary Behaviors, Psychological Well-Being, and Mental Distress Among University Students in ASEAN. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/ijpbs.10118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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