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Longtine AG, Greenberg NT, Bernaldo de Quirós Y, Brunt VE. The gut microbiome as a modulator of arterial function and age-related arterial dysfunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H986-H1005. [PMID: 38363212 PMCID: PMC11279790 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00764.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The arterial system is integral to the proper function of all other organs and tissues. Arterial function is impaired with aging, and arterial dysfunction contributes to the development of numerous age-related diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. The gut microbiome has emerged as an important regulator of both normal host physiological function and impairments in function with aging. The purpose of this review is to summarize more recently published literature demonstrating the role of the gut microbiome in supporting normal arterial development and function and in modulating arterial dysfunction with aging in the absence of overt disease. The gut microbiome can be altered due to a variety of exposures, including physiological aging processes. We explore mechanisms by which the gut microbiome may contribute to age-related arterial dysfunction, with a focus on changes in various gut microbiome-related compounds in circulation. In addition, we discuss how modulating circulating levels of these compounds may be a viable therapeutic approach for improving artery function with aging. Finally, we identify and discuss various experimental considerations and research gaps/areas of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail G Longtine
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Nathan T Greenberg
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Yara Bernaldo de Quirós
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Vienna E Brunt
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
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Clayton EJ, Islam NS, Pannunzio K, Kuflu K, Sirjani R, Kohalmi SE, Dhaubhadel S. Soybean AROGENATE DEHYDRATASES (GmADTs): involvement in the cytosolic isoflavonoid metabolon or trans-organelle continuity? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1307489. [PMID: 38322824 PMCID: PMC10845154 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1307489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) produces a class of phenylalanine (Phe) derived specialized metabolites, isoflavonoids. Isoflavonoids are unique to legumes and are involved in defense responses in planta, and they are also necessary for nodule formation with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Since Phe is a precursor of isoflavonoids, it stands to reason that the synthesis of Phe is coordinated with isoflavonoid production. Two putative AROGENATE DEHYDRATASE (ADT) isoforms were previously co-purified with the soybean isoflavonoid metabolon anchor ISOFLAVONE SYNTHASE2 (GmIFS2), however the GmADT family had not been characterized. Here, we present the identification of the nine member GmADT family. We determined that the GmADTs share sequences required for enzymatic activity and allosteric regulation with other characterized plant ADTs. Furthermore, the GmADTs are differentially expressed, and multiple members have dual substrate specificity, also acting as PREPHENATE DEHYDRATASES. All GmADT isoforms were detected in the stromules of chloroplasts, and they all interact with GmIFS2 in the cytosol. In addition, GmADT12A interacts with multiple other isoflavonoid metabolon members. These data substantiate the involvement of GmADT isoforms in the isoflavonoid metabolon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Clayton
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Nishat S. Islam
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kelsey Pannunzio
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kuflom Kuflu
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ramtin Sirjani
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Susanne E. Kohalmi
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sangeeta Dhaubhadel
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Schlepphorst KI, Clark BE, Pope L, Donahue R, Belarmino EH. Perceptions and knowledge of protein in dairy and plant-based alternatives among stakeholders in the US marketplace. NUTR BULL 2023; 48:343-352. [PMID: 37470088 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
This study explores beliefs about protein in dairy and plant-based (PB) alternatives among stakeholders in the US marketplace and whether beliefs are associated with product preferences. Eight thousand and fifty-two unique comments submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in response to a request for public input on the labelling of PB dairy alternatives (FDA-2018-N-3522) were coded. Of these, 383 (4.8%) discussed protein and were analysed for protein-specific themes. Themes were examined in relation to the submitter's product preference. Most comments that discussed protein focused on protein content and/or health outcomes believed to be associated with intake. Only one commenter who preferred dairy demonstrated an inaccurate understanding of protein content in dairy and PB alternatives, although nearly all failed to identify fortified soy beverage as an appropriate protein replacement; meanwhile, 14.2% who preferred PB alternatives demonstrated an inaccurate understanding regarding protein content in dairy and PB products. The results suggest knowledge gaps exist regarding protein in PB dairy alternatives, especially among those who prefer non-dairy options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bridget E Clark
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Lizzy Pope
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Reilly Donahue
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Emily H Belarmino
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
- Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
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Naaz S, Ahmad N, Jameel MR, Al-Huqail AA, Khan F, Qureshi MI. Impact of Some Toxic Metals on Important ABC Transporters in Soybean ( Glycine max L.). ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:27597-27611. [PMID: 37546587 PMCID: PMC10399161 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
In plants, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters facilitate the movement of substrates across membranes using ATP for growth, development, and defense. Soils contaminated with toxic metals such as cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) might adversely affect the metabolism of plants and humans. In this study, a phylogenetic relationship among soybeans' (Glycine max) ATP binding cassette (GmABCs) and other plant ABCs was analyzed using sequence information, gene structure, chromosomal distribution, and conserved motif-domain. The ontology of GmABCs indicated their active involvement in trans-membrane transport and ATPase activity. Thirty-day-old soybean plants were exposed to 100 μM CdCl2 and 100 μM HgCl2 for 10 days. Physiological and biochemical traits were altered under stress conditions. Compared to Control, GmABC transporter genes were differentially expressed in response to Cd and Hg. The qRT-PCR data showed upregulation of seven ABC transporter genes in response to Cd stress and three were downregulated. On the other hand, Hg stress upregulated four GmABC genes and downregulated six. It could be concluded that most of the ABCB and ABCG subfamily members were actively involved in heavy metal responses. Real-time expression studies suggest the function of specific ABC transporters in Cd and Hg stress response and are helpful in future research to develop stress-tolerant varieties of soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeba Naaz
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
- Department
of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Nadeem Ahmad
- Department
of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - M. Rizwan Jameel
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Faculty of Natural
Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central
University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Asma A. Al-Huqail
- Chair
of Climate Change, Environmental Development and Vegetation Cover,
Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faheema Khan
- Chair
of Climate Change, Environmental Development and Vegetation Cover,
Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Irfan Qureshi
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
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Isoflavone and Antioxidant of Instant Cream Soup Made from Pumpkin and Tempeh and Their Active Compound in Ovariohysterectomy Rat-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2022; 2022:8051624. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/8051624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Menopause period associated with brain function disorders can caused by decreasing estradiol levels and increasing oxidative stress in the body. Antioxidant agents are required to balance oxidative stress in the body. Instant cream soup made from pumpkin and tempeh is a supplementary food containing isoflavone and antioxidant agents. This study is aimed at analyzing the content of antioxidant level and isoflavones (genistein and daidzein) in instant cream soup and their effect on ovariohysterectomy (OVx) rats. Instant pumpkin cream soup with and without tempeh were subjected to isoflavone content and antioxidant analysis. Serum estradiol was analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Liver concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured by spectrophotometric methods. The study showed that the isoflavone content (genistein 370.86 g/100 g, daidzein 185.61 g/100 g) was only present in the pumpkin instant cream soup with tempeh (IPTS). IPTS has higher antioxidant levels (134.25 mg AEAC/100 g) than instant pumpkin cream soup without tempeh (IPS). In vivo study, experimental rats showed that OVx increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels up to 5.85-6.07 nmol mL-1 as compared to control (4.47 nmol mL-1). Moreover, instant pumpkin cream soup with tempeh treatments significantly increased serum estradiol levels (2.37–3.63 μg) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels of 497.49-558.89 U mL-1. This study concluded that instant pumpkin cream soup and tempeh contained isoflavone and antioxidant, and it increased estradiol serum and SOD level.
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Kioka K, Aikawa Y, Wakasugi Y, Narukawa T, Fukuyasu T, Ohtsuki M, Yamashita T, Sasai N, Omi N. Soy protein intake increased bone mineral density under non-energy deficiency conditions but decreased it under energy deficiency conditions in young female rats. Nutr Res 2022; 106:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Yasin HK, Taylor AH, Ayakannu T. A Narrative Review of the Role of Diet and Lifestyle Factors in the Development and Prevention of Endometrial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092149. [PMID: 33946913 PMCID: PMC8125712 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The incidence and prevalence of endometrial cancer is increasing globally. The main factors involved in this increase have been the way women live today and what they eat and drink. In fact, the obesity pandemic that is sweeping across the planet is considered to be the main contributory feature. This review aims to introduce to a new audience, those that are not experts in the field, what is known about the different types of endometrial cancer and the mechanisms for their induction and protection. We also seek to summarise the existing knowledge on dietary and lifestyle factors that prevent endometrial development in susceptible populations and identify the main problem in this arena; the paucity of research studies and clinical trials that investigate the interaction(s) between diet, lifestyle and endometrial cancer risk whilst highlighting those areas of promise that should be further investigated. Abstract Endometrial cancer is the most common cancer affecting the reproductive organs of women living in higher-income countries. Apart from hormonal influences and genetic predisposition, obesity and metabolic syndrome are increasingly recognised as major factors in endometrial cancer risk, due to changes in lifestyle and diet, whereby high glycaemic index and lipid deposition are prevalent. This is especially true in countries where micronutrients, such as vitamins and minerals are exchanged for high calorific diets and a sedentary lifestyle. In this review, we will survey the currently known lifestyle factors, dietary requirements and hormonal changes that increase an individual’s risk for endometrial cancer and discuss their relevance for clinical management. We also examine the evidence that everyday factors and clinical interventions have on reducing that risk, such that informed healthy choices can be made. In this narrative review, we thus summarise the dietary and lifestyle factors that promote and prevent the incidence of endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Ku Yasin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Cumberland Infirmary, Carlisle CA2 7HY, UK;
| | - Anthony H. Taylor
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK;
| | - Thangesweran Ayakannu
- Gynaecology Oncology Cancer Centre, Liverpool Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool Women’s Hospital, Liverpool L8 7SS, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)-151-708-9988 (ext. 4531)
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Nile SH, Nile A, Oh JW, Kai G. Soybean processing waste: Potential antioxidant, cytotoxic and enzyme inhibitory activities. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Lu LJW, Chen NW, Nayeem F, Nagamani M, Anderson KE. Soy isoflavones interact with calcium and contribute to blood pressure homeostasis in women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:2369-2381. [PMID: 31535213 PMCID: PMC7416691 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogens and calcium regulate vascular health but caused adverse cardiovascular events in randomized trials. OBJECTIVES Whether phytoestrogenic soy isoflavones modulate the physiological effects of calcium on blood pressure was explored. DESIGN A double-blind, randomized study assigned 99 premenopausal women to 136.6 mg isoflavones (as aglycone equivalents) and 98 to placebo for 5 days per week for up to 2 years. Blood pressure, serum calcium and urinary excretion of daidzein (DE) and genistein (GE) were measured repeatedly before and during treatment. RESULTS Isoflavones did not affect blood pressure per intake dose assignment (i.e. intention-to-treat, n = 197), but significantly affected blood pressure per measured urinary excretion of isoflavones (i.e. per protocol analysis, n = 166). Isoflavones inversely moderated calcium effects on systolic blood pressure (SBP) (interaction term β-estimates: - 3.1 for DE, - 12.86 for GE, all P < 0.05), and decreased diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (β-estimates: - 0.84 for DE, - 2.82 for GE, all P < 0.05) after controlling for calcium. The net intervention effects between the maximum and no isoflavone excretion were - 17.7 and + 13.8 mmHg changes of SBP, respectively, at serum calcium of 10.61 and 8.0 mg/dL, and about 2.6 mmHg decrease of DBP. CONCLUSIONS Moderation by isoflavones of the physiological effect of calcium tends to normalize SBP, and this effect is most significant when calcium concentrations are at the upper and lower limits of the physiological norm. Isoflavones decrease DBP independent of calcium levels. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of this novel micronutrient effect on blood pressure homeostasis and cardiovascular health. TRIAL REGISTRATION www.clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00204490.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Jane W Lu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 700 Harborside Dr., Galveston, TX, 77555-1109, USA.
| | - Nai-Wei Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 700 Harborside Dr., Galveston, TX, 77555-1109, USA
| | - Fatima Nayeem
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 700 Harborside Dr., Galveston, TX, 77555-1109, USA
| | - Manubai Nagamani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Houston Bay Area Fertility Center, Webster, TX, 77598, USA
| | - Karl E Anderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 700 Harborside Dr., Galveston, TX, 77555-1109, USA.
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Mishra AK, Choi J, Rabbee MF, Baek KH. In Silico Genome-Wide Analysis of the ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter Gene Family in Soybean ( Glycine max L.) and Their Expression Profiling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8150523. [PMID: 30766888 PMCID: PMC6350567 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8150523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters constitute one of the largest gene families in all living organisms, most of which mediate transport across biological membranes by hydrolyzing ATP. However, detailed studies of ABC transporter genes in the important oil crop, soybean, are still lacking. In the present study, we carried out genome-wide identification and phylogenetic and transcriptional analyses of the ABC gene family in G. max. A total of 261 G. max ABC (GmABCs) genes were identified and unevenly localized onto 20 chromosomes. Referring to protein-domain orientation and phylogeny, the GmABC family could be classified into eight (ABCA-ABCG and ABCI) subfamilies and ABCG were the most abundantly present. Further, investigation of whole genome duplication (WGD) signifies the role of segmental duplication in the expansion of the ABC transporter gene family in soybean. The Ka/Ks ratio indicates that several duplicated genes are governed by intense purifying selection during evolution. In addition, in silico expression analysis based on RNA-sequence using publicly available database revealed that ABC transporters are differentially expressed in tissues and developmental stages and in dehydration. Overall, we provide an extensive overview of the GmABC transporter gene family and it promises the primary basis for the study in development and response to dehydration tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awdhesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Fazle Rabbee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
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Sekikawa A, Ihara M, Lopez O, Kakuta C, Lopresti B, Higashiyama A, Aizenstein H, Chang YF, Mathis C, Miyamoto Y, Kuller L, Cui C. Effect of S-equol and Soy Isoflavones on Heart and Brain. Curr Cardiol Rev 2019; 15:114-135. [PMID: 30516108 PMCID: PMC6520578 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x15666181205104717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies in Asia show that dietary intake of soy isoflavones had a significant inverse association with coronary heart disease (CHD). A recent randomized controlled trial (RCT) of soy isoflavones on atherosclerosis in the US, however, failed to show their benefit. The discrepancy may be due to the much lower prevalence of S-equol producers in Westerners: Only 20-30% of Westerners produce S-equol in contrast to 50-70% in Asians. S-equol is a metabolite of dietary soy isoflavone daidzein by gut microbiome and possesses the most antiatherogenic properties among all isoflavones. Several short-duration RCTs documented that soy isoflavones improves arterial stiffness. Accumulating evidence shows that both atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness are positively associated with cognitive decline/dementia. Therefore, potentially, soy isoflavones, especially S-equol, are protective against cognitive decline/dementia. METHODS/RESULTS This narrative review of clinical and epidemiological studies provides an overview of the health benefits of soy isoflavones and introduces S-equol. Second, we review recent evidence on the association of soy isoflavones and S-equol with CHD, atherosclerosis, and arterial stiffness as well as the association of atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness with cognitive decline/ dementia. Third, we highlight recent studies that report the association of soy isoflavones and S-equol with cognitive decline/dementia. Lastly, we discuss the future directions of clinical and epidemiological research on the relationship of S-equol and CHD and dementia. CONCLUSIONS Evidence from observational studies and short-term RCTs suggests that S-equol is anti-atherogenic and improves arterial stiffness and may prevent CHD and cognitive impairment/ dementia. Well-designed long-term (≥ 2years) RCTs should be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sekikawa
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 North Bellefield Avenue, Suite 336, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Tel: 412-383-1063; Fax: 412-648-4401;
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12
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Lu LJW, Chen NW, Nayeem F, Ramanujam VMS, Kuo YF, Brunder DG, Nagamani M, Anderson KE. Novel effects of phytoestrogenic soy isoflavones on serum calcium and chloride in premenopausal women: A 2-year double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Clin Nutr 2018; 37:1862-1870. [PMID: 29183775 PMCID: PMC5948121 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soy phytoestrogens are potential alternatives to postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Adverse effects of HRT such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and pulmonary embolism are mediated by calcium-induced signaling. OBJECTIVE To determine whether soy isoflavones affect serum calcium in healthy female subjects. DESIGN In a double-blind trial, 197 premenopausal women were randomly assigned to either isoflavone (N = 99) or placebo pills (N = 98) 5 days per week for up to 2 years, plus prenatal vitamins. Isoflavone pills contained 60 mg genistein, 60 mg daidzein and 16.6 mg glycitein (expressed as aglycone equivalents). All pills contained 15 mg riboflavin as an adherence marker. Blood chemistries and urinary daidzein, genistein and riboflavin were measured multiple times during the luteal phase before and during treatment. RESULTS Analysis of the adherent population (N = 83 per group), revealed significantly strong associations between urinary levels of isoflavones and serum concentrations of calcium (regression coefficients 0.082 for daidzein and 0.229 for genistein, all P < 0.01) and chloride (regression coefficient, -1.537 for genistein, P < 0.0001), mediated in part by albumin. The effects amounted to mean changes of +0.24 mg/dL for calcium and -1.45 mEq/L for chloride, with each visit for subjects excreting the most vs. the least amounts of isoflavones. These associations were not evident in the intention-to-treat analysis (N = 197) that did not assess expected variations in isoflavone levels within and between subjects from metabolism and adherence. CONCLUSIONS These novel and strong effects of soy isoflavones on calcium homeostasis have important implications for long term effects of these natural substances on cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Jane W Lu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Nai-Wei Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Fatima Nayeem
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - V-M Sadagopa Ramanujam
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Yong-Fang Kuo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Donald G Brunder
- Department of Academic Computing, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Manubai Nagamani
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Karl E Anderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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Hinton PS, Ortinau LC, Dirkes RK, Shaw EL, Richard MW, Zidon TZ, Britton SL, Koch LG, Vieira-Potter VJ. Soy protein improves tibial whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties in ovariectomized and ovary-intact, low-fit female rats. Bone Rep 2018; 8:244-254. [PMID: 29922706 PMCID: PMC6005802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis and related fractures, decreased physical activity, and metabolic dysfunction are serious health concerns for postmenopausal women. Soy protein might counter the negative effects of menopause on bone and metabolic health due to the additive or synergistic effects of its bioactive components. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of ovariectomy (OVX) and a soy-protein diet (SOY) on bone outcomes in female, low-capacity running (LCR) rats selectively bred for low aerobic fitness as a model of menopause. METHODS At 27 weeks of age, LCR rats (N = 40) underwent OVX or sham (SHAM) surgery and were randomized to one of two isocaloric and isonitrogenous plant-protein-based dietary treatments: 1) soy-protein (SOY; soybean meal); or, 2) control (CON, corn-gluten meal), resulting in four treatment groups. During the 30-week dietary intervention, animals were provided ad libitum access to food and water; body weight and food intake were measured weekly. At completion of the 30-week intervention, body composition was measured using EchoMRI; animals were fasted overnight, euthanized, and blood and hindlimbs collected. Plasma markers of bone formation (osteocalcin, OC; N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen, P1NP) and resorption (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, TRAP5b; C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, CTx) were measured using ELISA. Tibial trabecular microarchitecture and cortical geometry were evaluated using μCT; and torsional loading to failure was used to assess cortical biomechanical properties. Advanced glycation end-product (AGE) content of the femur was measured using a fluorimetric assay, and was expressed relative to collagen content measured by a colorimetric OH-proline assay. Two-factor ANOVA or ANOVCA was used to test for significant main and interactive effects of ovarian status (OV STAT: OVX vs. SHAM) and DIET (SOY vs. CON); final body weight was included as a covariate for body-weight-dependent cortical geometry and biomechanical properties. RESULTS OVX had significantly greater CTx than SHAM; SOY did not affect bone turnover markers. OVX adversely affected trabecular microarchitecture as evidenced by reduced BV/TV, trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N), and connectivity density (Conn.D), and by increased trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) and structural model index (SMI). SOY increased BV/TV only in ovary-intact animals. There was no effect of OVX or SOY on tibial cortical geometry. In SHAM and OVX rats, SOY significantly improved whole-bone strength and stiffness; SOY also increased tissue-level stiffness and tended to increase tissue-level strength (p = 0.067). There was no effect of OVX or SOY on AGE content. CONCLUSION Soy protein improved cortical bone biomechanical properties in female low-fit rats, regardless of ovarian hormone status.
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Key Words
- Bone
- CON, control diet
- CTx, C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen
- Conn.D, connectivity density
- G, shear modulus of elasticity
- Ks, torsional stiffness
- LCR, low-capacity runners
- Menopause
- OC, osteocalcin
- OVX, ovariectomy
- Osteoporosis
- Ovariectomy
- P1NP, N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen
- SHM, Sham
- SOY, Soy-protein-based diet
- Soy protein
- Su, ultimate tensile strength
- TRAP5b, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
- Tb.N, trabecular number
- Tb.Sp, trabecular separation
- Tb.Th, trabecular thickness
- Tmax, maximal torque
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela S. Hinton
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Laura C. Ortinau
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Rebecca K. Dirkes
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Emily L. Shaw
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Matthew W. Richard
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Terese Z. Zidon
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Steven L. Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lauren G. Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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14
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Dirkes RK, Richard MW, Meers GM, Butteiger DN, Krul ES, Thyfault JP, Rector RS, Hinton PS. Soy Protein Isolate Suppresses Bone Resorption and Improves Trabecular Microarchitecture in Spontaneously Hyperphagic, Rapidly Growing Male OLETF Rats. Curr Dev Nutr 2018; 2:nzy010. [PMID: 30019033 PMCID: PMC6041976 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzy010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditionally, milk proteins have been recommended for skeletal health; recently, soy proteins have emerged as popular alternatives. Excess adiposity appears detrimental to skeletal health, as obese adolescents have increased fracture rates compared with healthy controls. However, soy protein effects on skeletal health during excess adiposity remain unknown. OBJECTIVE The study objective was to examine the effects of isocaloric diets containing milk protein isolate (MPI), soy protein isolate (SPI), or a 50/50 combination (MIX) as the sole protein source on metabolic health indicators and bone outcomes in rapidly growing, hyperphagic, male Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. METHODS OLETF rats, aged 4 wk, were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups (MPI, SPI, or MIX, n = 20 per group) and provided with access to experimental diets ad libitum for 16 wk. RESULTS Body mass did not differ between the groups, but SPI had lower percentage body fat than MPI (P = 0.026). Insulin was lower in MPI than in MIX (P = 0.033) or SPI (P = 0.044), but fasting blood glucose was not different between the groups. SPI significantly reduced serum cholesterol compared with MPI (P = 0.001) and MIX (P = 0.002). N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP) was higher in MIX than MPI (P = 0.05); C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTx) was higher in MPI than SPI (P < 0.001) and MIX (P < 0.001); the P1NP to CTx ratio was significantly higher in SPI and MIX than in MPI (P < 0.001). Trabecular separation was reduced in SPI compared with MPI (P = 0.030) and MIX (P = 0.008); trabecular number was increased in SPI compared with MIX (P = 0.038). No differences were seen in cortical geometry and biomechanical properties. CONCLUSIONS In the context of excess adiposity, soy- and milk-based proteins have comparable effects on cortical bone geometry and biomechanical properties, whereas soy-based proteins favorably affect the trabecular microarchitecture, and the combination of both proteins may offer additional benefits to bone remodeling in rapidly growing male OLETF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Dirkes
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Matthew W Richard
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Grace M Meers
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | | | | | - John P Thyfault
- University of Kansas Medical Center and Kansas City VA, Kansas City, MO
| | - R Scott Rector
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Pamela S Hinton
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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Ajdžanovic VZ, Trifunovic S, Miljic D, Šošic-Jurjevic B, Filipovic B, Miler M, Ristic N, Manojlovic-Stojanoski M, Miloševic V. Somatopause, weaknesses of the therapeutic approaches and the cautious optimism based on experimental ageing studies with soy isoflavones. EXCLI JOURNAL 2018; 17:279-301. [PMID: 29743865 PMCID: PMC5938552 DOI: 10.17179/excli2017-956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pathological phenomenon of somatopause, noticeable in hypogonadal ageing subjects, is based on the growth hormone (GH) production and secretion decrease along with the fall in GH binding protein and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels, causing different musculoskeletal, metabolic and mental issues. From the perspective of safety and efficacy, GH treatment is considered to be highly controversial, while some other therapeutic approaches (application of IGF-1, GH secretagogues, gonadal steroids, cholinesterase-inhibitors or various combinations) exhibit more or less pronounced weaknesses in this respect. Soy isoflavones, phytochemicals that have already demonstrated the health benefits in treated elderly, at least experimentally reveal their potential for the somatopausal symptoms remediation. Namely, genistein enhanced GHRH-stimulated cAMP accumulation and GH release in rat anterior pituitary cells; refreshed and stimulated the somatotropic system (hypothalamic nuclei and pituitary GH cells) function in a rat model of the mild andropause, and stimulated the GH output in ovariectomized ewes as well as the amplitude of GH pulses in the rams. Daidzein, on the other hand, increased body mass, trabecular bone mass and decreased bone turnover in the animal model of severe andropause, while both isoflavones demonstrated blood cholesterol-lowering effect in the same model. These data, which necessarily need to be preclinically and clinically filtered, hint some cautious optimism and call for further innovative designing of balanced soy isoflavone-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Z Ajdžanovic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Trifunovic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Miljic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Diseases of Metabolism, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Šošic-Jurjevic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Filipovic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Miler
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Ristic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Manojlovic-Stojanoski
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica Miloševic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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16
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An R, Xiang X, Liu J, Guan C. Diet and self-rated health among oldest-old Chinese. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2018; 76:125-132. [PMID: 29499528 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dietary behavior is a central modifiable risk factor for human health. This study examined the longitudinal relationship between dietary habits and self-rated health among the oldest-old Chinese. METHODS Participants aged 80 years and above (N = 7273) were first interviewed in 1998 and followed in subsequent waves 2-3 years apart till 2011-2012 in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Cox proportional hazards regressions were performed to estimate the effects of dietary habits on poor self-rated health, adjusting for various individual characteristics. RESULTS Compared to those who rarely/never consumed fruit, vegetable, meat, egg, and soybean-derived product, participants consuming such products almost every day were 28%, 20%, 32%, 16%, and 16% less likely to report poor self-rated health during follow-up, respectively. Compared to those who rarely/never consumed fruit, meat, fish, soybean-derived product, and tea, participants consuming such products occasionally were 12%, 24%, 11%, 15%, and 14% less likely to report poor self-rated health during follow-up, respectively. Compared to those who rarely/never consumed sugar, participants consuming sugar almost every day were 14% more likely to report poor self-rated health during follow-up. The effects of dietary habits on self-rated health to some extent differed by sex. CONCLUSIONS Oldest-old Chinese could gain health benefit from regular consumption of fruit, vegetable, meat, fish, egg, soybean-derived product, and tea; whereas their sugar consumption may need to be reduced. Future research is warranted to establish the recommended daily nutrient allowances for the oldest-old adults and better address the nutritional needs of this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruopeng An
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
| | - Xiaoling Xiang
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Junyi Liu
- Soka University of America, Aliso Viejo, CA, USA
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17
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Mejía W, Córdoba D, Durán P, Chacón Y, Rosselli D. Effect of Daily Exposure to an Isolated Soy Protein Supplement on Body Composition, Energy and Macronutrient Intake, Bone Formation Markers, and Lipid Profile in Children in Colombia. J Diet Suppl 2018; 16:1-13. [PMID: 29336700 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2017.1409851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A soy protein-based supplement may optimize bone health, support physical growth, and stimulate bone formation. This study aimed to assess the effect of a daily soy protein supplement (SPS) on nutritional status, bone formation markers, lipid profile, and daily energy and macronutrient intake in children. One hundred seven participants (62 girls), ages 2 to 9, started the study and were randomly assigned to lunch fruit juice with (n = 57, intervention group) or without (n = 50, control group) addition of 45 g (230 Kcal) of a commercial SPS during 12 months; 84 children (51 girls, 33 boys) completed the study (45 and 39 intervention and control, respectively). Nutritional assessment included anthropometry and nutrient intakes; initial and final blood samples were taken; insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), osteocalcin, bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were analyzed. Statistically significant changes (p < .05) in body mass index and weight for age Z scores were observed between groups while changes in body composition were not. Changes in energy, total protein, and carbohydrate intakes were significantly higher in the intervention group (p < .01). Calorie intake changes were statistically significant between groups (p < .001), and BAP decreased in both groups, with values within normal ranges. Osteocalcin, IGFBP-3, and lipid profile were not different between groups. IGF-I levels and IGF/IGFBP-3 ratio increased significantly in both groups. In conclusion, changes in macronutrient and energy intake and nutritional status in the intervention group compared to control group may ensure harmonious and adequate bone health and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Mejía
- a Pontificia Universidad Javeriana , Nutrition Biochemistry Department , Bogota , Colombia
| | - Diana Córdoba
- a Pontificia Universidad Javeriana , Nutrition Biochemistry Department , Bogota , Colombia
| | - Paola Durán
- b Centro de Endocrinología Pediátrica y del Adolescente , Bogota , Colombia
| | | | - Diego Rosselli
- d Pontificia Universidad Javeriana , Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Medical School , Bogota , Colombia
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18
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Bian S, Li X, Mainali H, Chen L, Dhaubhadel S. Genome-wide analysis of DWD proteins in soybean (Glycine max): Significance of Gm08DWD and GmMYB176 interaction in isoflavonoid biosynthesis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178947. [PMID: 28586359 PMCID: PMC5460815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A subset of WD40 proteins with DWD motif has been proposed to serve as substrate receptor of DDB-CUL4-ROC1 complex, thereby getting involved in protein degradation via ubiquitination pathway. Here, we identified a total of 161 potential DWD proteins in soybean (Glycine max) by searching DWD motif against the genome-wide WD40 repeats, and classified them into 20 groups on the basis of their functional domains and annotations. These putative DWD genes in soybean displayed tissue-specific expression patterns, and their genome localization and analysis of evolutionary relationship identified 48 duplicated gene pairs within 161 GmDWDs. Among the 161 soybean DWD proteins, Gm08DWD was previously found to interact with an isoflavonoid regulator, GmMYB176. Therefore, Gm08DWD and its homologue Gm05DWD were further investigated. Expression profile of both genes in different soybean tissues revealed that Gm08DWD was expressed higher in embryo, while Gm05DWD exhibited maximum transcript accumulation in leaf. Our protein-protein interaction studies demonstrated that Gm08DWD interacts with GmMYB176. Although Gm08DWD was localized both in nucleus and cytoplasm, the resulting complex of Gm08DWD and GmMYB176 was mainly observed in the nucleus. This finding is consistent with the functional localization of CUL4-E3 ligase complex. In conclusion, the survey on soybean potential DWD protein is useful reference for the further functional investigation of their DDB1-binding ability. Based on the functional investigation of Gm08DWD, we speculate that protein-protein interaction between Gm08DWD and GmMYB176 may lead to the degradation of GmMYB176 through CUL4-DDB1complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Bian
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Xuyan Li
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Hemanta Mainali
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ling Chen
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sangeeta Dhaubhadel
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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19
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Significant inverse association of equol-producer status with coronary artery calcification but not dietary isoflavones in healthy Japanese men. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:260-266. [PMID: 28205492 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451600458x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Equol, a metabolite of the dietary isoflavone daidzein, is produced by the action of gut bacteria in some individuals who are termed as equol-producers. It is proposed to have stronger atheroprotective properties than dietary isoflavones. We examined a cross-sectional association of dietary isoflavones and equol-producer status with coronary artery calcification (CAC), a biomarker of coronary atherosclerosis, among men in Japan. A population-based sample of 272 Japanese men aged 40-49 years recruited from 2004 to 2007 was examined for serum isoflavones, serum equol, CAC and other factors. Equol-producers were classified as individuals having a serum level of equol >83 nm. The presence of CAC was defined as a coronary Ca score ≥10 Agatston units. The associations of dietary isoflavones and equol-producers with CAC were analysed using multiple logistic regression. The median of dietary isoflavones, equol and CAC were 512·7 (interquartile range (IQR) 194·1, 1170·0), 9·1 (IQR 0·10, 33·1) and 0·0 (IQR 0·0, 1·0) nm, respectively. Prevalence of CAC and equol-producers was 9·6 and 16·0 %, respectively. Dietary isoflavones were not significantly associated with CAC. After multivariable adjustment, the OR for the presence of CAC in equol-producers compared with equol non-producers was 0·10 (95 % CI 0·01, 0·90, P<0·04). Equol-producers had significantly lower CAC than equol non-producers, but there was no significant association between dietary isoflavones and CAC, suggesting that equol may be a key factor for atheroprotective properties of isoflavones in Japanese men. This finding must be confirmed in larger studies or clinical trials of equol that is now available as a dietary supplement.
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20
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Sagara T, Fiechter G, Pachner M, Mayer HK, Vollmann J. Soybean spermidine concentration: Genetic and environmental variation of a potential ‘anti-aging’ constituent. J Food Compost Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Nelson AW, Groen AJ, Miller JL, Warren AY, Holmes KA, Tarulli GA, Tilley WD, Katzenellenbogen BS, Hawse JR, Gnanapragasam VJ, Carroll JS. Comprehensive assessment of estrogen receptor beta antibodies in cancer cell line models and tissue reveals critical limitations in reagent specificity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 440:138-150. [PMID: 27889472 PMCID: PMC5228587 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen Receptor-β (ERβ) has been implicated in many cancers. In prostate and breast cancer its function is controversial, but genetic studies implicate a role in cancer progression. Much of the confusion around ERβ stems from antibodies that are inadequately validated, yet have become standard tools for deciphering its role. Using an ERβ-inducible cell system we assessed commonly utilized ERβ antibodies and show that one of the most commonly used antibodies, NCL-ER-BETA, is non-specific for ERβ. Other antibodies have limited ERβ specificity or are only specific in one experimental modality. ERβ is commonly studied in MCF-7 (breast) and LNCaP (prostate) cancer cell lines, but we found no ERβ expression in either, using validated antibodies and independent mass spectrometry-based approaches. Our findings question conclusions made about ERβ using the NCL-ER-BETA antibody, or LNCaP and MCF-7 cell lines. We describe robust reagents, which detect ERβ across multiple experimental approaches and in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Nelson
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 ORE, UK; Academic Urology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK; Department of Urology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Arnoud J Groen
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 ORE, UK
| | - Jodi L Miller
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 ORE, UK
| | - Anne Y Warren
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Kelly A Holmes
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 ORE, UK
| | - Gerard A Tarulli
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Hanson Institute Building, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Wayne D Tilley
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Hanson Institute Building, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Benita S Katzenellenbogen
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - John R Hawse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Vincent J Gnanapragasam
- Academic Urology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK; Department of Urology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jason S Carroll
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 ORE, UK.
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Chen JR, Lazarenko OP, Blackburn ML, Shankar K. Dietary factors during early life program bone formation in female rats. FASEB J 2016; 31:376-387. [PMID: 27733448 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600703r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional status during intrauterine and early postnatal life impacts the risk of chronic diseases; however, evidence for an association between early-life dietary factors and bone health in adults is limited. Soy protein isolate (SPI) may be one such dietary factor that promotes bone accretion during early life with persistent effects into adulthood. In the present study, we fed postnatal day (PND) 24 weanling female rats an SPI diet for 30 d [short-term SPI (ST-SPI)], and on PND 55, we switched SPI diet to control Cas diet until age 6 mo. Rats then underwent either ovariectomy (OVX) or sham surgery and thereafter either continued to be fed an SPI diet or control diet for 1 or 3 wk. We showed significantly increased bone mass in 30-d SPI-fed young rats compared with controls. OVX-induced bone loss was associated with increased osteoblastic cell senescence. On the one hand, both long-term SPI (continuous SPI diet throughout life) and ST-SPI diet only in early life protected against 1 wk post-OVX-associated bone loss. On the other hand, long-term SPI diet diminished the loss of total, trabecular, and cortical bone mineral density, whereas ST-SPI diet only reduced cortical bone mineral density loss 3 wk post-OVX. Persistent and protective effects of SPI diets on OVX-induced bone loss were associated with down-regulation of the caveolin-1/p53-mediated senescence pathway in bone. We recapitulated these results in cell cultures. Reprogramming of cellular senescence signaling by SPI-associated isoflavones in osteoblastic cells may explain the persistent effects of SPI on bone. These results suggest that OVX-induced bone loss, in part, is a result of increased osteoblastic cell senescence, and that ST-SPI diet early in life has modest but persistent programming effects on bone formation to prevent OVX-induced bone loss in adult female rats.-Chen, J.-R., Lazarenko, O. P., Blackburn, M. L., Shankar, K. Dietary factors during early life program bone formation in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ran Chen
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; and .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Oxana P Lazarenko
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; and.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Michael L Blackburn
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; and.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; and.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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Nishimura M, Ohkawara T, Sato Y, Satoh H, Takahashi Y, Hajika M, Nishihira J. Improvement of Triglyceride Levels through the Intake of Enriched-β-Conglycinin Soybean (Nanahomare) Revealed in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2016; 8:E491. [PMID: 27529274 PMCID: PMC4997404 DOI: 10.3390/nu8080491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean is recognized as a beneficial food with various functional components, such as β-conglycinin, which improves lipid metabolism. We evaluated the effects of the β-conglycinin-rich soybean Nanahomare on triglyceride (TG) levels. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we divided 134 adult subjects into test and placebo groups that consumed processed food containing enriched-β-conglycinin soybean or low-β-conglycinin soybean. Hematological tests and body composition measurements were performed at weeks 0 (baseline), 4, 8, and 12 of the study period. TG levels significantly decreased in the test group compared with the placebo group at weeks 4 (change from baseline to week 4, placebo: 0.27 ± 44.13 mg/dL, test: -20.31 ± 43.74 mg/dL, p = 0.035) and 12 (change from baseline to week 12, placebo: -0.14 ± 65.83 mg/dL, test: -21.30 ± 46.21 mg/dL, p = 0.041). In addition, among subjects whose baseline TG levels were ≥100 mg/dL, the levels significantly improved in the test group at weeks 4 (p = 0.010) and 12 (p = 0.030), whereas the levels were not different between the test and placebo groups among those whose baseline levels were <100 mg/dL. These results suggest that the ingestion of enriched-β-conglycinin soybean improves serum TG levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Nishimura
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8585, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Ohkawara
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8585, Japan.
| | - Yuji Sato
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8585, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Satoh
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8585, Japan.
| | - Yoko Takahashi
- Division of Food Function Research, Food Research Institute, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan.
| | - Makita Hajika
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan.
| | - Jun Nishihira
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8585, Japan.
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van der Velpen V, van 't Veer P, Islam MA, Ter Braak CJF, van Leeuwen FXR, Afman LA, Hollman PC, Schouten EG, Geelen A. A risk assessment-driven quantitative comparison of gene expression profiles in PBMCs and white adipose tissue of humans and rats after isoflavone supplementation. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 95:203-10. [PMID: 27424125 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative insight into species differences in risk assessment is expected to reduce uncertainty and variability related to extrapolation from animals to humans. This paper explores quantification and comparison of gene expression data between tissues and species from intervention studies with isoflavones. Gene expression data from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and white adipose tissue (WAT) after 8wk isoflavone interventions in postmenopausal women and ovariectomized F344 rats were used. A multivariate model was applied to quantify gene expression effects, which showed 3-5-fold larger effect sizes in rats compared to humans. For estrogen responsive genes, a 5-fold greater effect size was found in rats than in humans. For these genes, intertissue correlations (r = 0.23 in humans, r = 0.22 in rats) and interspecies correlation in WAT (r = 0.31) were statistically significant. Effect sizes, intertissue and interspecies correlations for some groups of genes within energy metabolism, inflammation and cell cycle processes were significant, but weak. Quantification of gene expression data reveals differences between rats and women in effect magnitude after isoflavone supplementation. For risk assessment, quantification of gene expression data and subsequent calculation of intertissue and interspecies correlations within biological pathways will further strengthen knowledge on comparability between tissues and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera van der Velpen
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Pieter van 't Veer
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Ariful Islam
- Sub-Department of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - C J F Ter Braak
- Biometris, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lydia A Afman
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C Hollman
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands; RIKILT Wageningen UR, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Evert G Schouten
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk Geelen
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Hazim S, Curtis PJ, Schär MY, Ostertag LM, Kay CD, Minihane AM, Cassidy A. Acute benefits of the microbial-derived isoflavone metabolite equol on arterial stiffness in men prospectively recruited according to equol producer phenotype: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:694-702. [PMID: 26843154 PMCID: PMC4763500 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.125690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is much speculation with regard to the potential cardioprotective benefits of equol, a microbial-derived metabolite of the isoflavone daidzein, which is produced in the large intestine after soy intake in 30% of Western populations. Although cross-sectional and retrospective data support favorable associations between the equol producer (EP) phenotype and cardiometabolic health, few studies have prospectively recruited EPs to confirm this association. OBJECTIVE The aim was to determine whether the acute vascular benefits of isoflavones differ according to EP phenotype and subsequently investigate the effect of providing commercially produced S-(-)equol to non-EPs. DESIGN We prospectively recruited male EPs and non-EPs (n = 14/group) at moderate cardiovascular risk into a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study to examine the acute effects of soy isoflavones (80-mg aglycone equivalents) on arterial stiffness [carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity (cfPWV)], blood pressure, endothelial function (measured by using the EndoPAT 2000; Itamar Medical), and nitric oxide at baseline (0 h) and 6 and 24 h after intake. In a separate assessment, non-EPs consumed 40 mg S-(-)equol with identical vascular measurements performed 2 h after intake. RESULTS After soy intake, cfPWV significantly improved in EPs at 24 h (cfPWV change from 0 h: isoflavone, -0.2 ± 0.2 m/s; placebo, 0.6 ± 0.2 m/s; P < 0.01), which was significantly associated with plasma equol concentrations (R = -0.36, P = 0.01). No vascular effects were observed in EPs at 6 h or in non-EPs at any time point. Similarly, no benefit of commercially produced S-(-)equol was observed in non-EPs despite mean plasma equol concentrations reaching 3.2 μmol/L. CONCLUSIONS Acute soy intake improved cfPWV in EPs, equating to an 11-12% reduced risk of cardiovascular disease if sustained. However, a single dose of commercially produced equol had no cardiovascular benefits in non-EPs. These data suggest that the EP phenotype is critical in unlocking the vascular benefits of equol in men, and long-term trials should focus on confirming the implications of EP phenotype on cardiovascular health. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01530893.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hazim
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Curtis
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Y Schär
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Luisa M Ostertag
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Colin D Kay
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Marie Minihane
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Aedín Cassidy
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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Pan SY, Gao SH, Lin RC, Zhou SF, Dong HG, Tang MK, Yu ZL, Ko KM. New perspectives on dietary-derived treatments and food safety-antinomy in a new era. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 55:1836-59. [PMID: 24915382 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.654286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the advances in science and technology and wide use of chemical drugs, dietary intervention (or food therapy) remains useful in preventing or treating many human diseases. A huge body of evidence shows that the dietary pattern or habit is also an important contributing factor to the development of chronic diseases such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and cancers. In recent years, over-the-counter health foods, nutraceuticals, and plant-derived medicinal products have been gaining popularity all over the world, particularly in developed countries. Unfortunately, owing to the contamination with various harmful substances in foods and the presence of toxic food components, food-borne diseases have also become increasingly problematic. Incidents of food poisonings or tainted food have been increasing worldwide, particularly in China and other developing countries. Therefore, the government should put in a greater effort in enforcing food safety by improving the surveillance mechanism and exerting highest standards of quality control for foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Pan
- a Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing , China
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Physical and nutritional properties of edamame seeds as influenced by stage of development. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-015-9293-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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van de Schans MGM, Ritschel T, Bovee TFH, Sanders MG, de Waard P, Gruppen H, Vincken JP. Involvement of a Hydrophobic Pocket and Helix 11 in Determining the Modes of Action of Prenylated Flavonoids and Isoflavonoids in the Human Estrogen Receptor. Chembiochem 2015; 16:2668-77. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milou G. M. van de Schans
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry; Wageningen University; P. O. Box 17 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Tina Ritschel
- Computational Discovery and Design Group; Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics; Radboudumc; P. O. Box 9101 6500 HB Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Toine F. H. Bovee
- Business Unit of Toxicology and Bioassays; RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety; P. O. Box 230 6700 AE Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Mark G. Sanders
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry; Wageningen University; P. O. Box 17 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Pieter de Waard
- Wageningen NMR Centre; Wageningen University; P. O. Box 8128 6700 ET Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Harry Gruppen
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry; Wageningen University; P. O. Box 17 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Vincken
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry; Wageningen University; P. O. Box 17 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
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Xu Y, Barbaro J, Reese F, Langaigne A, Rutto L, Kering M. Physicochemical, functional and microstructural characteristics of vegetable soybean (Glycine max) as affected by variety and cooking process. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-015-9255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Dastmalchi M, Dhaubhadel S. Proteomic insights into synthesis of isoflavonoids in soybean seeds. Proteomics 2015; 15:1646-57. [PMID: 25757747 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Soybean seeds are the major human dietary source of isoflavonoids, a class of plant natural products almost entirely exclusive to legumes. Isoflavonoids reduce the risk of a number of chronic human illnesses. Biosynthesis and accumulation of this class of compounds is a multigenic and complex trait, with a great deal of variability among soybean cultivars and with respect to the environment. There is a wealth of genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomics data regarding isoflavonoid biosynthesis, but the connection between multigene families and their cognate proteins is a missing link that could provide us with a great deal of functional information. The changing proteome of the developing seed can shed light on the correlative increase in isoflavonoids, while the maternal seed coat proteome can provide the link with inherited metabolic and signaling machinery. In this effort, 'seed-filling' proteomics has revealed key secondary metabolite enzymes that quantitatively vary throughout seed development. Seed coat proteomics has revealed the existence of metabolic apparatus specific to isoflavonoid biosynthesis (isoflavonoid reductase) that could potentially influence the chemical content of this organ. The future of proteomic analysis of isoflavonoid biosynthesis should be centered on the development of quantitative, tissue-specific proteomes that emphasize low-abundance metabolic proteins to extract the whole suite of factors involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Dastmalchi
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Canada
| | - Sangeeta Dhaubhadel
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Canada
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31
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The influence of product- and person-related factors on consumer hedonic responses to soy products. Food Qual Prefer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Intake patterns and dietary associations of soya protein consumption in adults and children in the Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2.2. Br J Nutr 2015; 113:299-309. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514003638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Soya foods are one of the recommended alternatives to meat in many dietary guidelines. While this is expected to increase the intake of some nutrients, potential concerns regarding others have been raised. The purpose of the present study was to examine the prevalence and the association of soya food consumption with nutrient intakes and dietary patterns of Canadians (age ≥ 2 years). Cross-sectional data from the 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey (Cycle 2.2; n 33 218) were used to classify soya consumers and non-consumers. Soya consumers were further divided into two groups based on their soya protein intake. Sample weights were applied and logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association between nutrient intakes and soya consumption, with cultural background, sex, age and economic status being included as covariates. On any given day, 3·3 % (n 1085) of Canadians consume soya foods, with females, Asian Canadians and adults with post-secondary education being more likely to be soya consumers. As a whole, adolescent and adult respondents who had consumed at least one soya food during their 24 h dietary recall had higher energy intakes, as well as increased intakes of nutrients such as protein, fibre, vitamin C, vitamin B6, naturally occurring folate, thiamin, Ca, P, Mg, PUFA, Fe and K and lowered intakes of saturated fat. These data indicate that soya food consumption is associated with improved diet quality of Canadians. However, future research is necessary to investigate the association between increased energy intake and soya consumption.
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van der Velpen V, Geelen A, Hollman PCH, Schouten EG, van 't Veer P, Afman LA. Isoflavone supplement composition and equol producer status affect gene expression in adipose tissue: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 100:1269-77. [PMID: 25332325 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.088484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoflavone supplements, consumed by women experiencing menopausal symptoms, are suggested to have positive effects on menopause-related adiposity and cardiovascular disease risk profile, but discussions about their safety are still ongoing. OBJECTIVE The objective was to study the effects of an 8-wk consumption of 2 different isoflavone supplements compared with placebo on whole-genome gene expression in the adipose tissue of postmenopausal women. DESIGN This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover intervention consisted of 2 substudies, one with a low-genistein (LG) supplement (56% daidzein + daidzin, 16% genistein + genistin, and 28% glycitein + glycitin) and the other with a high-genistein (HG) supplement (49% daidzein + daidzin, 41% genistein + genistin, and 10% glycitein + glycitin). Both supplements provided ∼ 100 mg isoflavones/d (aglycone equivalents). After the 8-wk isoflavone and placebo period, whole-genome arrays were performed in subcutaneous adipose tissue of postmenopausal women (n = 26 after LG, n = 31 after HG). Participants were randomized by equol-producing phenotype, and data analysis was performed per substudy for equol producers and nonproducers separately. RESULTS Gene set enrichment analysis showed downregulation of expression of energy metabolism-related genes after LG supplementation (n = 24) in both equol-producing phenotypes and oppositely regulated expression for equol producers (down) and nonproducers (up) after HG supplementation (n = 31). Expression of inflammation-related genes was upregulated in equol producers but downregulated in nonproducers, independent of supplement type. Only 4.4-7.0% of the genes with significantly changed expression were estrogen responsive. Body weight, adipocyte size, and plasma lipid profile were not affected by isoflavone supplementation. CONCLUSIONS Effects of isoflavones on adipose tissue gene expression were influenced by supplement composition and equol-producing phenotype, whereas estrogen-responsive effects were lacking. LG isoflavone supplementation resulted in a caloric restriction-like gene expression profile for both producer phenotypes and pointed toward a potential beneficial effect, whereas both supplements induced anti-inflammatory gene expression in equol producers. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01556737.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera van der Velpen
- From the Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands (VvdV, AG, PCHH, EGS, PvtV, and LAA), and Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University & Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands (PCHH)
| | - Anouk Geelen
- From the Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands (VvdV, AG, PCHH, EGS, PvtV, and LAA), and Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University & Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands (PCHH)
| | - Peter C H Hollman
- From the Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands (VvdV, AG, PCHH, EGS, PvtV, and LAA), and Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University & Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands (PCHH)
| | - Evert G Schouten
- From the Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands (VvdV, AG, PCHH, EGS, PvtV, and LAA), and Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University & Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands (PCHH)
| | - Pieter van 't Veer
- From the Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands (VvdV, AG, PCHH, EGS, PvtV, and LAA), and Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University & Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands (PCHH)
| | - Lydia A Afman
- From the Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands (VvdV, AG, PCHH, EGS, PvtV, and LAA), and Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University & Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands (PCHH)
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Abstract
Prostate cancer is the commonest, non-cutaneous cancer in men. At present, there is no cure for the advanced, castration-resistant form of the disease. Estrogen has been shown to be important in prostate carcinogenesis, with evidence resulting from epidemiological, cancer cell line, human tissue and animal studies. The prostate expresses both estrogen receptor alpha (ERA) and estrogen receptor beta (ERB). Most evidence suggests that ERA mediates the harmful effects of estrogen in the prostate, whereas ERB is tumour suppressive, but trials of ERB-selective agents have not translated into improved clinical outcomes. The role of ERB in the prostate remains unclear and there is increasing evidence that isoforms of ERB may be oncogenic. Detailed study of ERB and ERB isoforms in the prostate is required to establish their cell-specific roles, in order to determine if therapies can be directed towards ERB-dependent pathways. In this review, we summarise evidence on the role of ERB in prostate cancer and highlight areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Nelson
- Cancer Research UKCambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UKDepartment of UrologyAddenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKDame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research LaboratoriesFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Level 4, Hanson Institute Building, DX Number 650 801, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, AustraliaDepartment of OncologyUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UKCancer Research UKCambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UKDepartment of UrologyAddenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKDame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research LaboratoriesFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Level 4, Hanson Institute Building, DX Number 650 801, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, AustraliaDepartment of OncologyUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Wayne D Tilley
- Cancer Research UKCambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UKDepartment of UrologyAddenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKDame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research LaboratoriesFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Level 4, Hanson Institute Building, DX Number 650 801, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, AustraliaDepartment of OncologyUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UKCancer Research UKCambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UKDepartment of UrologyAddenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKDame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research LaboratoriesFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Level 4, Hanson Institute Building, DX Number 650 801, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, AustraliaDepartment of OncologyUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - David E Neal
- Cancer Research UKCambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UKDepartment of UrologyAddenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKDame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research LaboratoriesFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Level 4, Hanson Institute Building, DX Number 650 801, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, AustraliaDepartment of OncologyUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UKCancer Research UKCambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UKDepartment of UrologyAddenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKDame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research LaboratoriesFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Level 4, Hanson Institute Building, DX Number 650 801, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, AustraliaDepartment of OncologyUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UKCancer Research UKCambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UKDepartment of UrologyAddenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKDame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research LaboratoriesFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Level 4, Hanson Institute Building, DX Number 650 801, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, AustraliaDepartment of OncologyUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Jason S Carroll
- Cancer Research UKCambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UKDepartment of UrologyAddenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKDame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research LaboratoriesFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Level 4, Hanson Institute Building, DX Number 650 801, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, AustraliaDepartment of OncologyUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UKCancer Research UKCambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UKDepartment of UrologyAddenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKDame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research LaboratoriesFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Level 4, Hanson Institute Building, DX Number 650 801, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, AustraliaDepartment of OncologyUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
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Choi MS, Ryu R, Seo YR, Jeong TS, Shin DH, Park YB, Kim SR, Jung UJ. The beneficial effect of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) leaf extracts in adults with prediabetes: a randomized placebo controlled trial. Food Funct 2014; 5:1621-30. [PMID: 24873894 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00199k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of soybean leaf extracts (SLEs) on blood glucose, insulin resistance, body fat and dyslipidemia in prediabetes subjects, and compared them with the effects of banaba extracts (BE) which is known to ameliorate diabetes in several animals and clinical studies. Overweight subjects with mild hyperglycemia (fasting blood glucose level of 100-125 mg dL(-1)) were randomly assigned to three groups and administered four capsules containing starch (2 g per day, Placebo), BE (300 mg per day, 0.3% corosolic acid) or SLE (2 g per day) during regular meals for 12 weeks. The SLE as well as BE significantly decreased the baseline-adjusted final blood glucose, HbA1c, HOMA-IR and transaminase levels compared to the placebo group. The body weight, BMI and WHR were not different between the groups, but the baseline-adjusted final body fat content and waist circumference were lower in the BE and SLE groups than in the placebo group. Furthermore, the baseline-adjusted final plasma triglyceride concentration was lower in the BE and SLE groups compared to the placebo group. There were no significant differences in plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations between the groups. However, the SLE, but not the BE, significantly increased the plasma HDL-cholesterol concentration and the ratio of HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol after 12 weeks of supplementation compared to the placebo group, while the atherogenic index was decreased. Taken together, these data suggest that SLE may play an important role in improving blood glucose, insulin resistance, adiposity, and dyslipidemia in prediabetes subjects consuming their habitual diet, similar to or better than BE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Sook Choi
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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van der Velpen V, Hollman PC, van Nielen M, Schouten EG, Mensink M, Van't Veer P, Geelen A. Large inter-individual variation in isoflavone plasma concentration limits use of isoflavone intake data for risk assessment. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 68:1141-7. [PMID: 24939433 PMCID: PMC4197455 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background/objectives: Isoflavones are present in soy foods and soy-based supplements. Despite low plasma isoflavone concentrations in the general Western population, concentrations in supplement users exceed those suggested to be beneficial for health in Asian populations, raising concerns for adverse effects. To aid risk assessment, quantification of the relation between isoflavone intake and plasma concentrations is essential. Subjects/methods: Plasma samples were collected from postmenopausal women in three placebo-controlled crossover studies with 8-week periods for supplements (two studies, ~100 mg isoflavones/day, n=88) or 4-week periods for soy foods (one study, ~48 mg isoflavones/day, n=15). Plasma isoflavone concentrations (daidzein, equol, genistein and glycitein) were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection. The association between plasma concentrations and isoflavone intake, equol producer status, intake–producer interaction and background dietary intake was assessed based on the assumption of a log-linear relation. Results: Median plasma total isoflavone concentrations after the soy food and supplement interventions were respectively 2.16 and 3.47 μmol/l for equol producers and 1.30 and 2.39 μmol/l for non-producers. Regression analysis showed that doubling isoflavone intake increased plasma concentrations by 55–62% (±s.e. 1–2%, R2>0.87) for daidzein, genistein, equol (only for producers) and total isoflavones; for glycitein the association was weaker (15±1%, R2=0.48). Adjustments for energy, carbohydrate and fat intake did not affect these estimates. Inter-individual variation, estimated based on repeated measures in one of the studies, was 30–96%. Conclusions: Although the relation between isoflavone intake and plasma concentrations was adequately quantified, the use of isoflavone intake data for risk assessment needs caution due to large inter-individual variation in plasma concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- V van der Velpen
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - P C Hollman
- 1] Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands [2] RIKILT, Wageningen University & Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M van Nielen
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - E G Schouten
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Mensink
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - P Van't Veer
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - A Geelen
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Šošić-Jurjević B, Filipović B, Wirth EK, Živanović J, Radulović N, Janković S, Milošević V, Köhrle J. Soy isoflavones interfere with thyroid hormone homeostasis in orchidectomized middle-aged rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 278:124-34. [PMID: 24793811 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that genistein (G) and daidzein (D) administered subcutaneously (10mg/kg) induce changes in the angio-follicular units of the thyroid gland, reduce concentration of total thyroid hormones (TH) and increase thyrotropin (TSH) in serum of orchidectomized middle-aged (16-month-old) rats. To further investigate these effects, we now examined expression levels of the thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroperoxidase (Tpo), vascular endothelial growth factor A (Vegfa) and deiodinase type 1 (Dio 1) genes in the thyroid; in the pituitary, genes involved in TH feedback control (Tsh β, Dio 1, Dio 2, Trh receptor); and in the liver and kidney, expression of T3-activated genes Dio 1 and Spot 14, as well as transthyretin (Ttr), by quantitative real-time PCR. We also analyzed TPO-immunopositivity and immunofluorescence of T4 bound to Tg, determined thyroid T4 levels and measured deiodinase enzyme activities in examined organs. Decreased expression of Tg and Tpo genes (p<0.05) correlated with immunohistochemical staining results, and together with decreased serum total T4 levels, indicates decreased Tg and TH synthesis following treatments with both isoflavones. However, expression of Spot 14 (p<0.05) gene in liver and kidney was up-regulated, and liver Dio 1 expression and activity (p<0.05) increased. At the level of pituitary, no significant change in gene expression levels, or Dio 1 and 2 enzyme activities was observed. In conclusion, both G and D impaired Tg and TH synthesis, but at the same time increased tissue availability of TH in peripheral tissues of Orx middle-aged rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branka Šošić-Jurjević
- Institute for Biological Research, Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Branko Filipović
- Institute for Biological Research, Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Eva Katrin Wirth
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jasmina Živanović
- Institute for Biological Research, Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Niko Radulović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Snežana Janković
- Institute for Science Application in Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 68b, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica Milošević
- Institute for Biological Research, Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Josef Köhrle
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
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Zhang J, Lazarenko OP, Blackburn ML, Badger TM, Ronis MJJ, Chen J. Soy protein isolate down‐regulates caveolin‐1 expression to suppress osteoblastic cell senescence pathways. FASEB J 2014; 28:3134-45. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-243659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition CenterLittle RockArkansasUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Oxana P. Lazarenko
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition CenterLittle RockArkansasUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Michael L. Blackburn
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition CenterLittle RockArkansasUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Thomas M. Badger
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition CenterLittle RockArkansasUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Martin J. J. Ronis
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition CenterLittle RockArkansasUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Jin‐Ran Chen
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition CenterLittle RockArkansasUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
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Jacobsen BK, Jaceldo-Siegl K, Knutsen SF, Fan J, Oda K, Fraser GE. Soy isoflavone intake and the likelihood of ever becoming a mother: the Adventist Health Study-2. Int J Womens Health 2014; 6:377-84. [PMID: 24741329 PMCID: PMC3982974 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s57137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives As little is known about the possible relationship between the intake of phytoestrogens and female fertility, we investigated the relationship between soy isoflavone intake and the risk of nulliparity and nulligravidity. Methods A cross-sectional study of 11,688 North American Adventist women aged 30–50 years old with data regarding childbearing. These women were, as a group, characterized by a high proportion (54%) of vegetarians and a healthy lifestyle with a very low prevalence of smoking and alcohol use. Results The mean isoflavone intake (17.9 mg per day) was very high compared to other Western populations. Only 6% of the women indicated no intake of isoflavones. We found, after adjustment for age, marital status, and educational level, an inverse relationship (P=0.05) between isoflavone intake and the likelihood of ever having become a mother. In women with high (≥40 mg/day) isoflavone intake (12% of this group of women), the adjusted lifetime probability of giving birth to a live child was reduced by approximately 3% (95% CI: 0, 7) compared to women with low (<10 mg/day) intake. No relationships were found between the isoflavone intake and parity or age at first delivery in parous women. A similar inverse relationship (P=0.03) was found between the isoflavone intake and the risk of nulligravidity with a 13% (95% CI: 2, 26) higher risk of never have been pregnant in women with high (≥40 mg/day) isoflavone intake. These relationships were found mainly in women who reported problems becoming pregnant. Conclusion The findings suggest that a high dietary isoflavone intake may have significant impact on fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjarne K Jacobsen
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Karen Jaceldo-Siegl
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Population Medicine, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Synnøve F Knutsen
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Population Medicine, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jing Fan
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Population Medicine, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Keiji Oda
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Population Medicine, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Gary E Fraser
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Population Medicine, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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40
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Ajdžanović VZ, Medigović IM, Pantelić JB, Milošević VL. Soy isoflavones and cellular mechanics. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2014; 46:99-107. [PMID: 24346760 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-013-9536-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Soy isoflavones are diphenolic compounds that are frequently used for alternative treatment of ageing symptoms in both genders. They operate at principally two hierarchical levels of functional organization - cellular and molecular, while these 'types' of action appear to have indefinite borders. Soy isoflavone action at the cellular level involves inter alia the effects on cell mechanics. This epigenetic and modular determinant of cell function and fate is defined by: the anchorage to extracellular matrix (ECM) and neighboring cells, cytoskeleton organization, membrane tension and vesicle trafficking. Soy isoflavones have been reported to: (i) generally fashion an inert cell phenotype in some cancers and enhance the cell anchorage in connective tissues, via the effects on ECM proteins, focal adhesion kinases-mediated events and matrix metalloproteinases inhibition; (ii) affect cytoskeleton integrity, the effects being related to Ca(2+) ions fluxes and involving cell retraction or differentiation/proliferation-related variations in mechanical status; (iii) increase, remain "silent" or decrease membrane tension/fluidity, which depends on polarity and a number and arrangement of functional groups in applied isoflavone; (iv) provoke inhibitory effects on vesicle trafficking and exo-/endocytosis, which are usually followed by changed cell morphology. Here we present and discuss the abundance of effects arising from cells' "encounter" with soy isoflavones, focusing on different morphofunctional definers of cell mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Z Ajdžanović
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., 11060, Belgrade, Serbia,
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Meier T, Christen O, Semler E, Jahreis G, Voget-Kleschin L, Schrode A, Artmann M. Balancing virtual land imports by a shift in the diet. Using a land balance approach to assess the sustainability of food consumption. Germany as an example. Appetite 2014; 74:20-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Rouy E, Vico L, Laroche N, Benoit V, Rousseau B, Blachier F, Tomé D, Blais A. Protein quality affects bone status during moderate protein restriction in growing mice. Bone 2014; 59:7-13. [PMID: 24495359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Adequate protein intake during development is critical to ensure optimal bone gain and to attain a higher peak bone mass later on. We hypothesized that the quality of the dietary protein is of prime importance for bone physiology during moderate protein restriction. The target population was growing Balb/C mice. We compared two protein restricted diets (6% of total energy as protein), one based on soy (LP-SOY) and one based on casein (LP-CAS). For comparison, a normal protein soy-based control group (NP-SOY) and a low protein group receiving an anabolic daily parathyroid hormone (PTH) 1-34 injection (LP-SOY+PTH) were included in the protocol. After 8weeks, LP-SOY mice had reduced body weights related to a lower lean mass whereas LP-CAS mice were not different from the NP-SOY group. LP-SOY mice were characterized by lower femoral cortical thickness, bone volume, trabecular number and thickness and increased medullar adiposity when compared to both the LP-CAS and NP-SOY groups. However, the dietary intervention had no effect on the vertebral parameters. The negative effect of the LP-SOY diet was correlated to an impaired bone formation as shown by the reduced P1NP serum level as well as the reduced osteoid surfaces and bone formation rate in the femur. PTH injection in LP-SOY mice had no effect on total weight or lean mass, but improved all bone parameters at both femoral and vertebral sites, suggesting that amino acid deficiency was not the primary reason for degraded bone status in mice consuming soy protein. In conclusion, our study showed that under the same protein restriction (6% of energy), a soy diet leads to impaired bone health whereas a casein diet has little effect when compared to a normal protein control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilien Rouy
- UMR 914 INRA-AgroParisTech, Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, 75005 Paris, France; Yoplait France, 92641 Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
| | - Laurence Vico
- INSERM U1059/LBTO, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Norbert Laroche
- INSERM U1059/LBTO, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France
| | | | | | - François Blachier
- UMR 914 INRA-AgroParisTech, Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Tomé
- UMR 914 INRA-AgroParisTech, Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anne Blais
- UMR 914 INRA-AgroParisTech, Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, 75005 Paris, France
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Thelen P, Wuttke W, Seidlová-Wuttke D. Phytoestrogens selective for the estrogen receptor beta exert anti-androgenic effects in castration resistant prostate cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 139:290-3. [PMID: 23872207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in men of the Western world. A castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) eventually will arise when a local restricted prostate carcinoma was not cured duly by radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy. Although androgen ablation therapies are considered the gold standard for treatments of advanced prostate cancer there is no curative therapy available at present. In previous pre-clinical and clinical trials several phytoestrogens were investigated for their anticancer potential in various models for prostate cancer. Phytoestrogens feature tumour preventive characteristics and most probably are involved in the low incidence rate of hormone related cancers in Asian countries. Phytoestrogens such as isoflavones can have a marked impact on the most essential therapy target of CRPC i.e. the androgen receptor. Furthermore, functional analyses solidified the notion of such drugs as androgen antagonistic. Phytoestrogens commonly feature low toxicity combined with a potential of targeted therapy. Thus, these drugs qualify for conceivable implementation in prostate cancer patients under active surveillance. In addition, relapse prevention with these drugs after radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy might be considered. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Phytoestrogens'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Thelen
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Department of Urology, 37099 Göttingen, Germany.
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Bedell S, Nachtigall M, Naftolin F. The pros and cons of plant estrogens for menopause. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 139:225-36. [PMID: 23270754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Concerns pertaining to the risk of estrogen exposure through HT have prompted an increase in the use of natural alternatives. Phytoestrogens may provide postmenopausal women with a practical alternative and many women have already begun to utilize phytoestrogen supplements. However, research regarding the efficacy of phytoestrogens as a hormone therapy alternative has been previously pessimistic or questionable at best. This review scrutinizes the most current research regarding the efficacy of three types of phytoestrogens, isoflavones, lignans and coumestans, and their specific effect on the reduction of climacteric symptoms, specifically vasomotor symptoms, vaginal atrophy, insomnia and osteoporosis. A discussion of the research pertaining to the relative safety of each phytoestrogen in terms of breast and endometrial health is also included. Overall, current research demonstrates that phytoestrogens are effective in reducing the intensity of hot flushes, and some phytoestrogen combinations result in a decreased frequency. Certain phytoestrogens have also been shown to decrease vaginal atrophy, improve sleep and cognition, and positively affect bone health. Even though initial research was generally unconvincing, the more recent evidence reviewed here is rather positive. In terms of safety and reports of adverse reactions, trials have not shown an increase in breast cancer risk or increase in endometrial hyperplasia following phytoestrogen use, but trials explicitly designed to find neoplasia have not been reported. Moreover, unlike hormone therapy, lignans may not increase clotting risk in postmenopausal women, thus supplements may serve as a treatment option for patients who have contraindications to hormone therapy. Phytoestrogens may provide a safe and partially effective alternative to HT. However, because research regarding phytoestrogens is relatively new, pharmaco-vigilence is still required, as these products are not yet FDA-approved. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Phytoestrogens'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bedell
- Interdisciplinary Program in Menopausal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York 10016, United States
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45
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Abstract
The high global incidence of prostate cancer has led to a focus on chemoprevention strategies to reduce the public health impact of the disease. Early studies indicating that selenium and vitamin E might protect against prostate cancer encouraged large-scale studies that produced mixed clinical results. Next-generation prostate cancer prevention trials validated the impact of 5α-reductase inhibitors in hormone-responsive prostate cancer, and these results were confirmed in follow-up studies. Other interventions on the horizon, involving both dietary and pharmacological agents, hold some promise but require further investigation to validate their efficacy. In this Review, we discuss the clinical and preclinical evidence for dietary and pharmacological prevention of prostate cancer and give an overview of future opportunities for chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Thompson
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Mail Code 8026, 7979 Wurzbach, Suite 627, Zeller Building, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - April B Cabang
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Mail Code 8026, 7979 Wurzbach, Suite 627, Zeller Building, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Michael J Wargovich
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Mail Code 8026, 7979 Wurzbach, Suite 627, Zeller Building, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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van der Velpen V, Geelen A, Schouten EG, Hollman PC, Afman LA, van 't Veer P. Estrogen receptor-mediated effects of isoflavone supplementation were not observed in whole-genome gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in postmenopausal, equol-producing women. J Nutr 2013; 143:774-80. [PMID: 23616509 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.174037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, and glycitein) are suggested to have benefits as well as risks for human health. Approximately one-third of the Western population is able to metabolize daidzein into the more potent metabolite equol. Having little endogenous estradiol, equol-producing postmenopausal women who use isoflavone supplements to relieve their menopausal symptoms could potentially be at high risk of adverse effects of isoflavone supplementation. The current trial aimed to study the effects of intake of an isoflavone supplement rich in daidzein compared with placebo on whole-genome gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in equol-producing, postmenopausal women. Thirty participants received an isoflavone supplement or a placebo for 8 wk each in a double-blind, randomized cross-over design. The isoflavone supplement was rich in daidzein (60%) and provided 94 mg isoflavones (aglycone equivalents) daily. Gene expression in PBMCs was significantly changed (P < 0.05) in 357 genes after the isoflavone intervention compared with placebo. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed downregulated clusters of gene sets involved in inflammation, oxidative phosphorylation, and cell cycle. The expression of estrogen receptor (ER) target genes and gene sets related to ER signaling were not significantly altered, which may be explained by the low ERα and ERβ expression in PBMCs. The observed downregulated gene sets point toward potential beneficial effects of isoflavone supplementation with respect to prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease. However, whether ER-related effects of isoflavones are beneficial or harmful should be studied in tissues that express ERs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera van der Velpen
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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47
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Lai YP, Mondor M, Moresoli C, Drolet H, Gros-Louis M, Ippersiel D, Lamarche F, Arcand Y. Production of soy protein isolates with low phytic acid content by membrane technologies: Impact of the extraction and ultrafiltration/diafiltration conditions. J FOOD ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bédard K, Bédard J, Rocheleau G, Ferland G, Gaudreau P. Aging and diets regulate the rat anterior pituitary and hypothalamic transcriptome. Neuroendocrinology 2013; 97:146-59. [PMID: 22538389 DOI: 10.1159/000338411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dietary interventions involving caloric restriction represent a powerful strategy to prevent or delay age-related deteriorations and diseases. Their beneficial effects have been observed in several tissues and species. This microarray study investigated the effects of aging, long-term moderate caloric restriction (LTMCR) and long-term dietary soy on the regulation of gene expression in the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus of 20-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats. In both tissues, aging regulated genes mainly involved in cell defense and repair mechanisms related to apoptosis, DNA repair, cellular stress, inflammatory and immune response. In the aging pituitary, the highest upregulated gene was the regenerating islet-derived 3β (5.77-fold), coding for a secretory protein involved in acute stress and inflammation. A protective effect of LTMCR on age-related change of gene expression was observed for 35 pituitary genes. In addition, beneficial effects of LTMCR in the pituitary were observed on new regulated genes mainly involved in cell death and cell stress response. In the hypothalamus, the effects of LTMCR on age-related changes were modest. Finally, changing the quality of dietary protein (20% casein for soy) had a low impact on the regulation of mRNA levels in both tissues. Genes associated with the somatotroph function were also differentially expressed in the aging pituitary. Interestingly, LTMCR prevented the effect of aging on insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 gene. Altogether, this study proposes novel pituitary and hypothalamic molecular targets and signaling pathways to help in understanding the mechanisms involved in aging processes and LTMCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Bédard
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of Aging, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, Qué., Canada
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Abstract
Soybeans are rich in immuno-modulatory isoflavones such as genistein, daidzein, and glycitein. These isoflavones are well-known antioxidants, chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory agents. Several epidemiological studies suggest that consumption of traditional soy food containing isoflavones is associated with reduced prevalence of chronic health disorders. Isoflavones are considered to be phytoestrogens because of their ability to bind to estrogen receptors. The literature is extensive on the chemistry, bio-availability, and bio-activity of isoflavones. However, their effects on immune response are yet to be fully understood, but are beginning to be appreciated. We review the role of isoflavones in regulation of the immune response and their potential clinical applications in immune-dysfunction. Special emphasis will be made regarding in vivo studies including humans and animal model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhan Masilamani
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Anbg 17-40G, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Fernandez-Raudales D, Hoeflinger JL, Bringe NA, Cox SB, Dowd SE, Miller MJ, Gonzalez de Mejia E. Consumption of different soymilk formulations differentially affects the gut microbiomes of overweight and obese men. Gut Microbes 2012; 3:490-500. [PMID: 22895080 PMCID: PMC3495786 DOI: 10.4161/gmic.21578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of consuming foods on the intestinal microbiome of obese individuals remain unclear. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of consuming low glycinin soymilk (LGS, 49.5% β-conglycinin/6% glycinin), conventional soymilk (S, 26.5% β-conglycinin/38.7% glycinin) or bovine milk (M, 0% β-conglycinin/0% glycinin) on the intestinal microbiome in overweight and obese men. In a randomized double-blind study, participants (64 men, BMI > 25, 20-45 y old), organized in three groups, consumed 500 mL of LGS, S or M daily for 3 mo. Three fecal samples were collected before (baseline) and after 3 mo of consumption. Dietary energy and macronutrient intake were monitored monthly and remained constant throughout the study (p > 0.05). Microbial composition was analyzed with qPCR and bTEFAP. Within groups, qPCR analysis showed that the total bacteria increased in all treatments over time (p < 0.001). Bacteroides-Prevotella (p = 0.001) and Lactobacillus (p < 0.001) increased in LGS and M, respectively. Bifidobacterium was significantly reduced in LGS (p = 0.003) and S (p < 0.001). Bacterial diversity decreased for LGS, S and M (p = 0.004, 0.005, 0.001; respectively). Unweighted UniFrac analysis revealed that the microbial communities were more similar within than between individuals. The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio decreased in both LGS and S groups and remained relatively unchanged in the M group (Time p = 0.012; Interaction p = 0.059). Indicator analysis revealed several genera that were indicative of each treatment including Lactobacillus and Prevotella. Consumption of the three beverages differentially altered the microbiota in overweight and obese men including a potentially beneficial alteration of the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio in both soymilk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Fernandez-Raudales
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign; Urbana, IL USA
| | - Jennifer L. Hoeflinger
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign; Urbana, IL USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael J. Miller
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign; Urbana, IL USA,Correspondence to: Michael J. Miller, and Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia,
| | - Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign; Urbana, IL USA,Correspondence to: Michael J. Miller, and Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia,
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