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Wang J, Wang H, Yu J, Wang J, Cui Q, Hou L, Tian J. Traditional uses, chemical composition, and pharmacological effects of diaphragma juglandis fructus: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 312:116440. [PMID: 37023838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In traditional Uyghur medicine, diaphragma juglandis fructus (DJF) has been conventionally used in treating insomnia and nourishing the kidneys. According to traditional Chinese medicine, DJF can boosts kidney and astringent essence, strengthen the spleen and kidney, exert diuretic effect, clear heat, stop eructation, and treat vomiting. AIM OF THE REVIEW Research on DJF has increased gradually in recent years, but reviews of its traditional uses, chemical composition, and pharmacological activities are scarce. The purpose of this review is to analyze the traditional uses, chemical composition, and pharmacological activities of DJF and provide an overview of the findings for further research and development of DJF resources. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data on DJF were obtained from different databases, including Scifinder, PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Springer, Wiley, ACS, CNKI, Baidu Scholar, and Google Scholar; books; and Ph.D. and MSc theses. RESULTS According to traditional Chinese medicine, DJF has astringent properties, inhibits bleeding and banding, strengthens the spleen and kidneys, acts as a sleeping aid by reducing anxiety, and relieves dysentery due to heat exposure. The components of DJF include flavonoids, phenolic acids, quinones, steroids, lignans, and volatile oils, which exhibit good antioxidant, antitumor, antidiabetic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and sedative-hypnotic properties, and present therapeutic potential for kidney diseases. CONCLUSIONS Based on its traditional use, chemical composition, and pharmacological activities, DJF is a promising source of natural medicine in the development of functional foods, drugs, and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, 277160, China.
| | - Haiqing Wang
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, 277160, China.
| | - Jian Yu
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, 277160, China.
| | - Jinglong Wang
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, 277160, China.
| | - Qinghua Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Lin Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Jingzhen Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
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Novaj A, Engel MG, Wang R, Mao K, Xue X, Amir Y, Atzmon G, Huffman DM. Dietary Walnuts Preserve Aspects of Health Span and Alter the Hippocampal Lipidome in Aged High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032314. [PMID: 36768636 PMCID: PMC9916809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence continues to accrue that aging and its diseases can be delayed by pharmacologic and dietary strategies that target the underlying hallmarks of the aging process. However, identifying simple, safe, and effective dietary strategies involving the incorporation of whole foods that may confer some protection against the aging process is also needed. Recent observational studies have suggested that nut consumption can reduce mortality risk in humans. Among these, walnuts are particularly intriguing, given their high content of n-3 fatty acids, fiber, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds. To this end, 12-month-old male CB6F1 mice were provided either a defined control low-fat diet (LFD), a control high-fat diet (HFD), or an isocaloric HFD containing 7.67% walnuts by weight (HFD + W), and measures of healthspan and related biochemical markers (n = 10-19 per group) as well as survival (n = 20 per group) were monitored. Mice provided the HFD or HFD + W demonstrated marked weight gain, but walnuts lowered baseline glucose (p < 0.05) and tended to temper the effects of HFD on liver weight gain (p < 0.05) and insulin tolerance (p = 0.1). Additional assays suggested a beneficial effect on some indicators of health with walnut supplementation, including preservation of exercise capacity and improved short-term working memory, as determined by Y maze (p = 0.02). However, no effect was observed via any diet on inflammatory markers, antioxidant capacity, or survival (p = 0.2). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of the hippocampal transcriptome identified two processes predicted to be affected by walnuts and potentially linked to cognitive function, including estrogen signaling and lipid metabolism, with changes in the latter confirmed by lipidomic analysis. In summary, while walnuts did not significantly improve survival on a HFD, they tended to preserve features of healthspan in the context of a metabolic stressor with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardijana Novaj
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Matthew G. Engel
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ruixuan Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Kai Mao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Xiaonan Xue
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Yam Amir
- Department of Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Derek M. Huffman
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-718-430-4278; Fax: +1-718-430-8922
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Wang X, Chan YS, Wong K, Yoshitake R, Sadava D, Synold TW, Frankel P, Twardowski PW, Lau C, Chen S. Mechanism-Driven and Clinically Focused Development of Botanical Foods as Multitarget Anticancer Medicine: Collective Perspectives and Insights from Preclinical Studies, IND Applications and Early-Phase Clinical Trials. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:701. [PMID: 36765659 PMCID: PMC9913787 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression and mortality remain challenging because of current obstacles and limitations in cancer treatment. Continuous efforts are being made to explore complementary and alternative approaches to alleviate the suffering of cancer patients. Epidemiological and nutritional studies have indicated that consuming botanical foods is linked to a lower risk of cancer incidence and/or improved cancer prognosis after diagnosis. From these observations, a variety of preclinical and clinical studies have been carried out to evaluate the potential of botanical food products as anticancer medicines. Unfortunately, many investigations have been poorly designed, and encouraging preclinical results have not been translated into clinical success. Botanical products contain a wide variety of chemicals, making them more difficult to study than traditional drugs. In this review, with the consideration of the regulatory framework of the USFDA, we share our collective experiences and lessons learned from 20 years of defining anticancer foods, focusing on the critical aspects of preclinical studies that are required for an IND application, as well as the checkpoints needed for early-phase clinical trials. We recommend a developmental pipeline that is based on mechanisms and clinical considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology & Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yin S. Chan
- Department of Cancer Biology & Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Kelly Wong
- Department of Cancer Biology & Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ryohei Yoshitake
- Department of Cancer Biology & Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - David Sadava
- Department of Cancer Biology & Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Timothy W. Synold
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Paul Frankel
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Przemyslaw W. Twardowski
- Department of Urologic Oncology, Saint John’s Cancer Institute, 2200 Santa Monica Blvd, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Clayton Lau
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Shiuan Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology & Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Hama JR, Fitzsimmons-Thoss V. Determination of Unsaturated Fatty Acids Composition in Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Oil Using NMR Spectroscopy. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Fang Z, Wu Y, Li Y, Zhang X, Willett WC, Eliassen AH, Rosner B, Song M, Mucci LA, Giovannucci EL. Association of nut consumption with risk of total cancer and 5 specific cancers: evidence from 3 large prospective cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:1925-1935. [PMID: 34582546 PMCID: PMC8634606 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The associations between nut consumption and cancer risk have not been extensively investigated. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the associations between nut consumption, especially specific types of nuts (peanut, tree nut, walnut, and tree nut other than walnut), and cancer risk. METHODS Nut consumption was assessed by FFQ at baseline and updated every 2-4 y in the Nurses' Health Study (1980-2014), the Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2015), and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2018). We examined the associations between the intake of total and specific types of nuts and risk of total cancer and common cancers, including lung, colorectal, breast, bladder, and aggressive prostate cancer. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to obtain the HRs and 95% CIs in each cohort as well as pooled. RESULTS During 5,873,671 person-years of follow-up in 180,832 women and 45,560 men, we documented 44,561 incident cancer cases. As compared with nonconsumers, the pooled multivariable HRs of total nut consumption for ≥5 times/wk were 0.99 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.04; P-trend = 0.54) for total cancer, 0.88 (95% CI: 0.74, 1.04; P-trend = 0.18) for lung cancer, 1.07 (95% CI: 0.92, 1.26; P-trend = 0.89) for colorectal cancer, 0.90 (95% CI: 0.71, 1.14; P-trend = 0.65) for bladder cancer, 0.96 (95% CI: 0.85, 1.08; P-trend = 0.36) for breast cancer, and 1.18 (95% CI: 0.92, 1.51; P-trend = 0.52) for aggressive prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS In 3 large prospective cohorts, frequent nut consumption was not associated with risk of total cancer and common individual cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Fang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - You Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Nogales-Bueno J, Baca-Bocanegra B, Hernández-Hierro JM, Garcia R, Barroso JM, Heredia FJ, Rato AE. Assessment of Total Fat and Fatty Acids in Walnuts Using Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:729880. [PMID: 34567041 PMCID: PMC8459018 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.729880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
"Persian" walnut (Juglans Regia L.) is one of the most consumed tree nuts in the world. It is rich in several bioactive compounds, with polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (PUFA and MUFA) appearing at high concentrations. Walnut consumption protects against cardiovascular, carcinogenic, and neurological disorders. The fatty acid profile has usually been determined by gas chromatography, a reliable and robust tool, but also complex, polluting, and time consuming. In this study, near infrared hyperspectral imaging has been used for the screening of total fat, MUFA, PUFA, saturated, and individual fatty acids in walnuts. Five different walnuts varieties have been considered and modified partial least square (MPLS) regressions have been performed. The SEs of prediction (SEP) in external validation (ranged from 2.12% for PUFA to 13.08% for MUFA) suggest that hyperspectral imaging can be a reliable tool for controlling these parameters in a simple, non-destructive and environmentally friendly way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Nogales-Bueno
- MED – Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & Departamento de Fitotecnia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Évora, Portugal
- Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Berta Baca-Bocanegra
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Garcia
- MED – Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & Departamento de Fitotecnia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Évora, Portugal
| | - João Mota Barroso
- MED – Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & Departamento de Fitotecnia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Évora, Portugal
| | - Francisco José Heredia
- Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Elisa Rato
- MED – Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & Departamento de Fitotecnia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Évora, Portugal
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Sheng F, Hu B, Jin Q, Wang J, Wu C, Luo Z. The Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Walnut Husk and Pellicle by UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS and HPLC. Molecules 2021; 26:3013. [PMID: 34069333 PMCID: PMC8158686 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26103013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Husk and pellicle as the agri-food waste in the walnut-product industry are in soaring demand because of their rich polyphenol content. This study investigated the differential compounds related to walnut polyphenol between husk and pellicle during fruit development stage. By using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-orbitrap (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap), a total of 110 bioactive components, including hydrolysable tannins, flavonoids, phenolic acids and quinones, were tentatively identified, 33 of which were different between husk and pellicle. The trend of dynamic content of 16 polyphenols was clarified during walnut development stage by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This is the first time to comprehensive identification of phenolic compounds in walnut husk and pellicle, and our results indicated that the pellicle is a rich resource of polyphenols. The dynamic trend of some polyphenols was consistent with total phenols. The comprehensive characterization of walnut polyphenol and quantification of main phenolic compounds will be beneficial for understanding the potential application value of walnut and for exploiting its metabolism pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (F.S.); (B.H.)
| | - Bangyan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (F.S.); (B.H.)
| | - Qiang Jin
- College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China; (Q.J.); (J.W.); (C.W.)
| | - Jiangbo Wang
- College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China; (Q.J.); (J.W.); (C.W.)
| | - Cuiyun Wu
- College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China; (Q.J.); (J.W.); (C.W.)
| | - Zhengrong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (F.S.); (B.H.)
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Evaluation of bioactive compounds, phytochemicals profile and antioxidant potential of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of some traditional fruit tree leaves used in Brazilian folk medicine. Food Res Int 2021; 143:110282. [PMID: 33992382 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze eight selected species of leaves, used in the traditional medicine of the Northeast region of Brazil obtained from several fruit trees (grageru, soursop, jambolanum, passion fruit, insulin, nogueira, pedra ume kaá and stévia), regarding their polyphenols contents and antioxidant activity. Condensed and hydrolysable tannins, phenolics and flavonoids contents were determined and the antioxidant activities measured by ABTS, FRAP and ORAC assays. Organic acids were analyzed by HPLC-DAD system. Phenolic compounds of aqueous and ethanolic extracts were determined by UHPLC-DAD-MS. The results revealed high contents of total phenolics (13.34 ± 0.19 - 127.65 ± 0.21 mg.g-1 of GAE:QE (2:1) of sample) and flavonoids (12.30 ± 0.42 - 71.79 ± 0.00 mg.g-1 QE of sample). The ABTS results exhibited extraordinary activity in the extracts (74.48 ± 6.23 - 1487.33 ± 2.67 µmol Trolox.g-1 of sample). Acids quinic, tartaric, citric, gallic, chlorogenic, p-coumaric, ferulic and vanillic along with naringenin, rutin, vanillin, catechin, epicatechin, kaempferol were the most important compounds. Thus, these leaves extracts may be considered as sources of phenolics compounds having a high potential as natural antioxidants. In addition, the polyphenols present in these leaves have many beneficial effects and can also be used in medicinal and nutraceuticals products with enhanced bioactivities.
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Hong Q, Geng S, Ji J, Ye Y, Xu D, Zhang Y, Sun X. Separation and identification of antioxidant chemical components in Diaphragma juglandis Fructus and functional evaluation in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Mithul Aravind S, Wichienchot S, Tsao R, Ramakrishnan S, Chakkaravarthi S. Role of dietary polyphenols on gut microbiota, their metabolites and health benefits. Food Res Int 2021; 142:110189. [PMID: 33773665 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial health roles of dietary polyphenols in preventing oxidative stress related chronic diseases have been subjected to intense investigation over the last two decades. As our understanding of the role of gut microbiota advances our knowledge of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions of polyphenols accumulates, there emerges a need to examine the prebiotic role of dietary polyphenols. This review focused onthe role of different types and sources of dietary polyphenols on the modulation of the gut microbiota, their metabolites and how they impact on host health benefits. Inter-dependence between the gut microbiota and polyphenol metabolites and the vital balance between the two in maintaining the host gut homeostasis were discussed with reference to different types and sources of dietary polyphenols. Similarly, the mechanisms behind the health benefits by various polyphenolic metabolites bio-transformed by gut microbiota were also explained. However, further research should focus on the importance of human trials and profound links of polyphenols-gut microbiota-nerve-brain as they provide the key to unlock the mechanisms behind the observed benefits of dietary polyphenols found in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mithul Aravind
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology and Entrepreneurship Management, Haryana, India
| | - Santad Wichienchot
- Center of Excellence in Functional Food and Gastronomy, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Korhong, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada.
| | - S Ramakrishnan
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - S Chakkaravarthi
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology and Entrepreneurship Management, Haryana, India.
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H. D. Sagawa C, de A. B. Assis R, Zaini PA, Wilmarth PA, Phinney BS, Moreira LM, Dandekar AM. Proteome Analysis of Walnut Bacterial Blight Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7453. [PMID: 33050347 PMCID: PMC7593943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the plant host, walnut (Juglans regia; Jr), and a deadly pathogen (Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis 417; Xaj) can lead to walnut bacterial blight (WB), which depletes walnut productivity by degrading the nut quality. Here, we dissect this pathosystem using tandem mass tag quantitative proteomics. Walnut hull tissues inoculated with Xaj were compared to mock-inoculated tissues, and 3972 proteins were identified, of which 3296 are from Jr and 676 from Xaj. Proteins with differential abundance include oxidoreductases, proteases, and enzymes involved in energy metabolism and amino acid interconversion pathways. Defense responses and plant hormone biosynthesis were also increased. Xaj proteins detected in infected tissues demonstrate its ability to adapt to the host microenvironment, limiting iron availability, coping with copper toxicity, and maintaining energy and intermediary metabolism. Secreted proteases and extracellular secretion apparatus such as type IV pilus for twitching motility and type III secretion effectors indicate putative factors recognized by the host. Taken together, these results suggest intense degradation processes, oxidative stress, and general arrest of the biosynthetic metabolism in infected nuts. Our results provide insights into molecular mechanisms and highlight potential molecular tools for early detection and disease control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cíntia H. D. Sagawa
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.H.D.S.); (R.d.A.B.A.); (P.A.Z.)
| | - Renata de A. B. Assis
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.H.D.S.); (R.d.A.B.A.); (P.A.Z.)
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil;
| | - Paulo A. Zaini
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.H.D.S.); (R.d.A.B.A.); (P.A.Z.)
| | - Phillip A. Wilmarth
- Proteomics Shared Resource, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Brett S. Phinney
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Leandro M. Moreira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil;
| | - Abhaya M. Dandekar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.H.D.S.); (R.d.A.B.A.); (P.A.Z.)
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Ho KV, Roy A, Foote S, Vo PH, Lall N, Lin CH. Profiling Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities of Phenolic Compounds Present in Black Walnuts ( Juglans nigra) Using a High-Throughput Screening Approach. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194516. [PMID: 33023106 PMCID: PMC7583942 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our recent studies have demonstrated multiple health-promoting benefits from black walnut kernels. These biological functions of black walnuts are likely associated with their bioactive constituents. Characterization of phenolic compounds found in black walnut could point out underexplored bioactive activities of black walnut extracts and promote the development of novel applications of black walnut and its by-products. In the present study, we assessed bioactivity profiles of phenolic compounds identified in the kernels of black walnuts using a high-throughput screening (HTS) approach. Black walnut phenolic compounds were evaluated in terms of their total antioxidant capacity, antioxidant response element (ARE) induction, and anticancer activities. The anticancer activities were identified by evaluating the effects of the phenolic compounds on the growth of the tumorigenic alveolar epithelial cells (A549) and non-tumorigenic lung fibroblast cells (MRC-5). Out of 16 phenolic compounds tested, several compounds (penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose, epicatechin gallate, quercetin, (–)-epicatechin, rutin, quercetin 3-β-d-glucoside, gallic acid, (+)-catechin, ferulic acid, syringic acid) exerted antioxidant activities that were significantly higher compared to Trolox, which was used as a control. Two phenolic compounds, penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose and quercetin 3-β-d-glucoside, exhibited antiproliferative activities against both the tumorigenic alveolar epithelial cells (A549) and non-tumorigenic lung fibroblast cells (MRC-5). The antioxidant activity of black walnut is likely driven not only by penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose but also by a combination of multiple phenolic compounds. Our findings suggested that black walnut extracts possibly possess anticancer activities and supported that penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose could be a potential bioactive agent for the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh-Van Ho
- Center for Agroforestry, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (K.-V.H.); (P.H.V.); (N.L.)
- Department of Food Technology, Can Tho University, Can Tho 90000, Vietnam
| | - Anuradha Roy
- High Throughput Screening Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA;
| | | | - Phuc H. Vo
- Center for Agroforestry, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (K.-V.H.); (P.H.V.); (N.L.)
| | - Namrita Lall
- Center for Agroforestry, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (K.-V.H.); (P.H.V.); (N.L.)
- Department of Plants and Soil Sciences, Plant Science Complex, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Chung-Ho Lin
- Center for Agroforestry, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (K.-V.H.); (P.H.V.); (N.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: + 573-884-6302
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13
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Dietary walnut as food factor to rescue from NSAID-induced gastrointestinal mucosal damages. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 689:108466. [PMID: 32590067 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf-2) is transcription factor implicated in the antioxidant response element-mediated induction of endogenous antioxidant enzyme such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutamate-cysteine ligase, and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1, among which HO-1 is an enzyme catalyzing the degradation of heme.producing biliverdin, ferrous iron, and carbon monoxide. In the stomach, as much as regulating gastric acid secretions, well-coordinated establishment of defense system stands for maintaining gastric integrity. In previous study, author et al. for the first time discovered HO-1 induction was critical in affording faithful gastric defense against various irritants including Helicobacter pylori infection, stress, alcohol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin, and toxic bile acids. In this review article, we can add the novel evidence that dietary walnut intake can be reliable way to rescue from NSAIDs-induced gastrointestinal damages via the induction of HO-1 transcribed with Nrf-2 through specific inactivation of Keap-1. From molecular exploration to translational animal model of indomethacin-induced gastrointestinal damages, significant induction of HO-1 contributed to rescuing from damages. In addition to HO-1 induction action relevant to walnut, we added the description the general actions of walnut extracts or dietary intake of walnut regarding cytoprotection and why we have focused on to NSAID damages.
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Gencoglu H, Orhan C, Tuzcu M, Sahin N, Juturu V, Sahin K. Effects of walnut oil on metabolic profile and transcription factors in rats fed high-carbohydrate-/-fat diets. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13235. [PMID: 32424831 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of walnut oil (WO) on metabolic profile and transcription factors in rats fed high carbohydrate (HCD) and high-fat diet (HFD). Forty-two male rats were divided in to six groups: (a) Control, (b) WO (20 mg/kg BW), (c) HCD (20% of sucrose), (d) HCD + WO (e) HFD (42% of calories as fat), and (f) HFD + WO. HFD and HCD intake increased final body weights by 19% and 23% and visceral fat weights by 3- and 5-fold, respectively (p < .05 for all). In addition, serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and free fatty acids (FFA) insulin, leptin, and MDA levels increased in rats fed with HFD and HCD. WO supplementation improved these metabolic parameters (p < .05 for all). HFD + WO and HCD + WO treated groups had a significant reduction in serum and liver malondialdehyde (MDA) levels by 12% or 15% (p < .05 for both). In addition, WO supplementation lowered the levels of hepatic nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and NADPH oxidase subunit p22phox , whereas increased the endothelial-NO synthase (e-NOS), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2, and sirtuin-1 levels. In conclusion, WO supplementation could alleviate the adverse impacts of both HCD and HFD in the rats. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This study suggests that WO intake can modulate carbohydrate metabolism and increase antioxidant capacity. These properties might be partially mediated through the regulation of the transcription factors and some proteins involved in energy metabolism, as well as a balance of oxidative stress, and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Gencoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tuzcu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Vijaya Juturu
- Research and Development, OmniActives Health Technologies Inc., Morristown, NJ, USA
| | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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15
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Liu B, Liang J, Zhao D, Wang K, Jia M, Wang J. Morphological and Compositional Analysis of Two Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Cultivars Growing in China. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 75:116-123. [PMID: 31925636 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-019-00794-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Two selected walnut cultivars (Xiangling and Jizhaomian) growing in China were analyzed in terms of proximate and mineral composition, fatty acid and amino acid profile. According to the higher kernel rate (61.22%), thinner shell (1.03 mm), higher content of fat (66.93%), protein (20.97%), essential amino acids (29.31% of total amino acids) and minerals such as manganese, zinc and copper, Xiangling would be the more nutritive cultivar with more commercial value. However, Jizhaomian would be the more healthful cultivar based on the higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (79.39% of total fatty acids), and it would be more sensitive to rancidity. Jizhaomian also showed higher content in potassium, calcium, magnesium and iron. Genotype is the major source of variability in morphology and chemical compositions. Regardless of the cultivar, consumption of walnuts is desirably encouraged, since all of them contain compounds potentially beneficial to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghua Liu
- Shandong Academy of Forestry, 42, East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Jing Liang
- Shandong Academy of Forestry, 42, East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Dengchao Zhao
- Shandong Academy of Forestry, 42, East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Kaifang Wang
- Shandong Academy of Forestry, 42, East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Jia
- Shandong Academy of Forestry, 42, East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Shandong Academy of Forestry, 42, East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
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16
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Croitoru A, Ficai D, Craciun L, Ficai A, Andronescu E. Evaluation and Exploitation of Bioactive Compounds of Walnut, Juglans regia. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:119-131. [PMID: 30931854 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190329150825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the last few years, great importance has been given to natural materials (such as walnuts, peanuts, chestnuts) due to their medicinal and pharmaceutical uses induced by the presence of natural agents, including polyphenols. Juglans regia is a traditional plant that has been used since ancient times in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases like microbial infections, stomach ache, thyroid dysfunctions, cancer, heart diseases and sinusitis. Recently, scientific attention for the phytochemical profile of walnut by-products is increasing due to their valuable active constituents. Natural polyphenols are important compounds present in walnut with valuable properties that have been studied for the treatment of inflammation, cancer or anti-ageing effect. The use of nanocarriers as a drug delivery system is now a promising strategy to get more stable products and is easier to apply in a medical, therapeutic and pharmaceutical environment. The aim of this work was to review the latest information provided by scientific investigators regarding the nutritional value, bioactive compounds, antioxidant and antitumor activity of walnut by-product extracts. Moreover, this review provides comprehensive information on the nanoencapsulation of bioactive constituents for application in clinical medicine, particularly in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Croitoru
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh Polizu St 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Denisa Ficai
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh Polizu St 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luminiţa Craciun
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh Polizu St 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anton Ficai
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh Polizu St 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.,Academy of Romanian Scientists, Spl. Independenţei 54, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ecaterina Andronescu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh Polizu St 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.,Academy of Romanian Scientists, Spl. Independenţei 54, Bucharest, Romania
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17
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Vu DC, Nguyen THD, Ho TL. An overview of phytochemicals and potential health-promoting properties of black walnut. RSC Adv 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05714b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Black walnut contains a diverse mixture of bioactive compounds, including phenolics, phytosterols, unsaturated fatty acids, and tocopherols potentially important to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danh C. Vu
- Faculty of Technology
- Van Lang University
- Ho Chi Minh City
- Vietnam
| | - Trang H. D. Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Technology
- Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City
- Vietnam
| | - Thi L. Ho
- Cuu Long Delta Rice Research Institute
- Can Tho
- Vietnam
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18
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Abstract
Nuts are fruits composed of two parts: an inedible hard shell and an edible seed. Nuts are known as an energy-dense and nutrient-rich food source. In general, nuts are recognized as a good source of fat, fiber, and protein. Nuts are extremely beneficial parts of any diet since their consumption may lower risk for some diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. They are acknowledged for their low glycemic index owning to high unsaturated fat and protein content and relatively low carbohydrate content. They have been shown to increase cognitive function as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan G Mohammed
- Qatar Research Leadership Program (QRLP), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - M Walid Qoronfleh
- Research & Policy Department, World Innovation Summit for Health (WISH), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
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19
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Koss-Mikołajczyk I, Baranowska M, Todorovic V, Albini A, Sansone C, Andreoletti P, Cherkaoui-Malki M, Lizard G, Noonan D, Sobajic S, Bartoszek A. Prophylaxis of Non-communicable Diseases: Why Fruits and Vegetables may be Better Chemopreventive Agents than Dietary Supplements Based on Isolated Phytochemicals? Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:1847-1860. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190702093301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) report from 2014 documented that non-communicable socalled civilization diseases such as cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory diseases, cancer or type 2 diabetes are responsible for over 50% of all premature deaths in the world. Research carried out over the past 20 years has provided data suggesting that diet is an essential factor influencing the risk of development of these diseases. The increasing knowledge on chemopreventive properties of certain food ingredients, in particular, those of plant origin, opened the discussion on the possibility to use edible plants or their active components in the prevention of these chronic diseases. Health-promoting properties of plant foods are associated with the presence of secondary metabolites that can affect many biological mechanisms of critical importance to the proper functioning of the human organism. Particularly, there have been numerous investigations indicating strong physiological effects of bioactive plant phenols belonging to the flavonoid family. These observations initiated mass production of dietary supplements containing flavonoids commercialized under the name antioxidants, even if their chemical properties did not justify such a term. However, epidemiological studies revealed that isolated bioactive phytochemicals are not as effective as fruits and vegetables containing these substances whereas they are of interest of the functional food industry. In this paper, the critical assessment of reasons for this turn of events has been attempted and the concept of food synergy has been suggested as a future strategy of dietary chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Koss-Mikołajczyk
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Baranowska
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Vanja Todorovic
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 1, Beograd, GabrielaNarutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdanski, Serbia
| | - Adriana Albini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Gérard Lizard
- BioPeroxIL Laboratory, Universite de Bourgogne-Franche Comte, France
| | | | - Sladjana Sobajic
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 1, Beograd, GabrielaNarutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdanski, Serbia
| | - Agnieszka Bartoszek
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
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20
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Liu M, Yang S, Yang J, Lee Y, Kou J, Wang C. Neuroprotective and Memory-Enhancing Effects of Antioxidant Peptide From Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Protein Hydrolysates. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19865838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides have been reported to possess interesting biological properties. The present study was designed to evaluate neuroprotective and memory-enhancing effects of antioxidant peptide from walnut ( Juglans regia L.) protein hydrolysates. The neuroprotective effect of walnut peptide (WP) against oxidative stress on PC12 cells was evaluated. And zebrafish was used as the model to corroborate the effect. Its effect on learning and memory of mice using the Morris water maze and the step-down passive avoidance tests were performed. Moreover, the acute toxicity of WP was carried out to assess its safety profile. It was found that WP was able to suppress H2O2-induced cell death in PC12 cells. In the zebrafish model, WP had an obvious neuroprotective effect, and the ratio reached 42% at 222 µg/mL. The mechanism study revealed that WP could inhibit the activity of caspases 3/7 and 8, reduce the mRNA expression levels of Bax and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, and improve the mRNA expression level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor significantly. Besides, the treatment of mice with WP shortened the escape latency and exhibited much longer target time and more crossing times significantly, compared with untreated control groups in the Morris water maze test. Similarly, the step-down passive avoidance test showed that WP could ameliorate memory impairments. The administrated dose (20.1 g/kg body weight [BW]) did not produce mortality or treatment-related adverse effects with regard to BW, general behavior, or relative organ weights of the tested male and female mice. The current results indicated that WP could exert neuroprotective effect, and attenuated learning and memory impairments. These ameliorating effects of WP may be useful for treatment of memory impairment in Alzheimer’s and its related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchuan Liu
- R&D Center, Sinphar Tian-Li Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengjie Yang
- R&D Center, Sinphar Tian-Li Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinping Yang
- R&D Center, Sinphar Tian-Li Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Yita Lee
- R&D Center, Sinphar Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ilan, Republic of China
| | - Junping Kou
- Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaojih Wang
- R&D Center, Sinphar Tian-Li Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
- R&D Center, Sinphar Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ilan, Republic of China
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21
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Ozyigit II, Uras ME, Yalcin IE, Severoglu Z, Demir G, Borkoev B, Salieva K, Yucel S, Erturk U, Solak AO. Heavy Metal Levels and Mineral Nutrient Status of Natural Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Populations in Kyrgyzstan: Nutritional Values of Kernels. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 189:277-290. [PMID: 30146669 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, mineral nutrient and heavy metal (Al, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, and Zn) contents of the walnut kernels and their co-located soil samples collected from the four different zones of natural walnut forests (Sary-Chelek, Arslanbap, and Kara-Alma in Jalal-Abad Region and Kara-Shoro in Osh Region) in Kyrgyzstan were investigated. The highest concentrations for all elements determined in the soil samples were observed in the Sary-Chelek zone whereas the Arslanbap zone was found to be having the lowest concentrations except Fe and Zn. The highest concentrations in the kernels of walnut samples were found to be in the Sary-Chelek zone for Ca, Fe, K, Mg, and Zn; in the Kara-Shoro zone for Cu; in the Arslanbap zone for Mn; and in the Kara-Alma zone for Na whereas the lowest concentrations were found to be in the Arslanbap zone for Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, and Zn and in the Sary-Chelek zone for Cu and Mn, respectively. Also, the levels of Al, Cd, Ni, and Pb in kernel samples could not be detected by ICP-OES because their levels were lower than the threshold detection point (10 μg.kg-1). Additionally, our data indicated that the walnut kernels from Kyrgyzstan have higher values for RDA (recommended daily allowances) in comparison with the walnut kernels from other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Ilker Ozyigit
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Marmara University, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
| | - Mehmet Emin Uras
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Marmara University, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Ertugrul Yalcin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeki Severoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Marmara University, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Goksel Demir
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Architecture, Kirklareli University, Kayali, Kirklareli, Turkey
| | - Bakyt Borkoev
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Kalipa Salieva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Sevil Yucel
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Umran Erturk
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ali Osman Solak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
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22
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Li L, Song L, Sun X, Yan S, Huang W, Liu P. Characterisation of phenolics in fruit septum of Juglans regia Linn. by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with Orbitrap mass spectrometer. Food Chem 2019; 286:669-677. [PMID: 30827662 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is an abundant source of polyphenols. Although phenolic species in the walnut kernel have been studied comprehensively, their compositional profile in the internal fruit septum, a traditional nutraceutical material in China, has been rarely explored. In the current study, the methanolic extract of the walnut septum was analysed by Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Totally seventy-five phenolics belonging to flavonoids, tannins and phenolic acids were identified based on mass spectra, references and literatures. Among them, quercetin-3-O-galactoside, quercetin-rhamnose-pentoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-rhamnose-hexoside, kaempferol-rhamnoside, and two isomers of quercetin-rhamnoside were reported for the first time in walnut. The total polyphenol content was found to be 122.78 ± 2.55 mg GAE/g dry weight in septum. This study is the first to comprehensively investigate and identify phenolic compounds in the fruit septum of walnut and indicates that the septum to be a rich resource of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, China
| | - Lijun Song
- School of Food Science and Engineering & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, China; College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China.
| | - Xiaotao Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shijuan Yan
- Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Pengzhan Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, China.
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23
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Yan M, Chen M, Zhou F, Cai D, Bai H, Wang P, Lei H, Ma Q. Separation and analysis of flavonoid chemical constituents in flowers of Juglans regia L. by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 164:734-741. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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24
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Lee HJ, Han YM, An JM, Kang EA, Park YJ, Cha JY, Hahm KB. Role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in preventing gastrointestinal cancers: current status and future perspectives. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2018; 18:1189-1203. [DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2018.1524299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Jae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Young-Min Han
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Min An
- CHA Cancer Preventive Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, Pangyo, Korea
| | - Eun A. Kang
- CHA Cancer Preventive Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, Pangyo, Korea
| | | | - Ji-Young Cha
- Department of Biochemistry, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ki Baik Hahm
- CHA Cancer Preventive Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, Pangyo, Korea
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
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Guan F, Tabrizian T, Novaj A, Nakanishi M, Rosenberg DW, Huffman DM. Dietary Walnuts Protect Against Obesity-Driven Intestinal Stem Cell Decline and Tumorigenesis. Front Nutr 2018; 5:37. [PMID: 29904634 PMCID: PMC5990619 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity can negatively impact intestinal homeostasis, and increase colon cancer risk and related mortality. Thus, given the alarmingly high rates of obesity in the US and globally, it is critical to identify practical strategies that can break the obesity-cancer link. Walnuts have been increasingly recognized to mitigate cancer risk, and contain many bioactive constituents with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that could potentially counteract pathways thought to be initiators of obesity-related cancer. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if walnuts could preserve intestinal homeostasis, and attenuate tumorigenesis and growth in the context of obesity and a high calorie diet. To this end, we studied effects of walnuts on these parameters under different dietary conditions in wildtype mice, two independent Apc models (Apc1638N/+ and ApcΔ14), and in MC38 colon cancer cells in vivo, respectively. Walnuts did not alter the metabolic phenotype or intestinal morphology in normal mice fed either a low-fat diet (LFD), LFD with 6% walnuts (LFD+W), high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD with 7.6% walnuts (HFD+W). However, walnuts did lead to a significant reduction in circulating CCL5 and preserved intestinal stem cell (ISC) function under HFD-fed conditions. Furthermore, walnuts reduced tumor multiplicity in Apc1638N/+ male HFD+W animals, as compared to HFD controls (3.7 ± 0.5 vs. 2.5 ± 0.3; P = 0.015), tended to reduce the number of adenocarcinomas (0.67 ± 0.16 vs. 0.29 ± 0.12; P = 0.07), and preferentially limited tumor growth in ApcΔ14 male mice (P = 0.019) fed a high-calorie western-style diet. In summary, these data demonstrate that walnuts confer significant protection against intestinal tumorigenesis and growth and preserve ISC function in the context of a high-calorie diet and obesity. Thus, these data add to the accumulating evidence connecting walnuts as a potentially effective dietary strategy to break the obesity-colon cancer link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxia Guan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tahmineh Tabrizian
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Ardijana Novaj
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Masako Nakanishi
- School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Daniel W Rosenberg
- School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Derek M Huffman
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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Seiler A, Chen MA, Brown RL, Fagundes CP. Obesity, Dietary Factors, Nutrition, and Breast Cancer Risk. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2018; 10:14-27. [PMID: 30662586 PMCID: PMC6335046 DOI: 10.1007/s12609-018-0264-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To synthesize the critical role of obesity-associated inflammation, dietary factors, and nutrition in determining breast cancer risk. RECENT FINDINGS Obesity-associated inflammation is strongly linked to breast cancer risk and progression, largely via two processes: inflammatory pathways and dysregulated metabolism. Cytokine production in excess adipose tissues creates a chronic inflammatory microenvironment, which favors tumor development. Lifestyle factors, including diet, have long been recognized as important determinants of breast cancer risk and mortality. SUMMARY Obesity increases the risk of developing breast cancer in both pre- and postmenopausal women and also negatively affects breast cancer recurrence and survival. Poor dietary habits characterized by the high intake of refined starches, sugar, and both saturated and trans-saturated fats, as well as the low intake of omega-3 fatty acids, natural antioxidants, and fiber, modulate inflammation and, thereby, appear to be linked to increased risk of breast cancer and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annina Seiler
- Department of Consultation-Liaison-Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Haldenbachstrasse 18, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ryan L Brown
- Department of Psychology, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher P Fagundes
- Department of Psychology, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Sánchez-González C, Ciudad CJ, Noé V, Izquierdo-Pulido M. Health benefits of walnut polyphenols: An exploration beyond their lipid profile. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:3373-3383. [PMID: 26713565 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1126218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Walnuts are commonly found in our diet and have been recognized for their nutritious properties for a long time. Traditionally, walnuts have been known for their lipid profile, which has been linked to a wide array of biological properties and health-promoting effects. In addition to essential fatty acids, walnuts contain a variety of other bioactive compounds, such as vitamin E and polyphenols. Among common foods and beverages, walnuts represent one of the most important sources of polyphenols, hence their effect over human health warrants attention. The main polyphenol in walnuts is pedunculagin, an ellagitannin. After consumption, ellagitannins are hydrolyzed to release ellagic acid, which is converted by gut microflora to urolithin A and other derivatives such as urolithins B, C, and D. Ellagitannins possess well known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory bioactivity, and several studies have assessed the potential role of ellagitannins against disease initiation and progression, including cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this review is to summarize current available information relating to the potential effect of walnut polyphenols in health maintenance and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sánchez-González
- a Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy , Facultad de Farmacia y Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Carlos J Ciudad
- b Department of Biochemistry Physiology, Facultad de Farmacia y Ciencias de la Alimentación , Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona , Spain
| | - Véronique Noé
- b Department of Biochemistry Physiology, Facultad de Farmacia y Ciencias de la Alimentación , Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona , Spain
| | - Maria Izquierdo-Pulido
- a Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy , Facultad de Farmacia y Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
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Pandareesh MD, Chauhan V, Chauhan A. Walnut Supplementation in the Diet Reduces Oxidative Damage and Improves Antioxidant Status in Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 64:1295-1305. [PMID: 30040727 PMCID: PMC6087457 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study has shown beneficial effects of walnuts on memory and learning skills in transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD-tg). To understand underlying mechanism, we studied here whether walnuts can reduce oxidative stress in AD. From 4 months of age, experimental AD-tg mice were fed diets containing 6% (T6) or 9% walnuts (T9) (equivalent to 1 or 1.5 oz, of walnuts per day in humans) for 5, 10, or 15 months. The control groups, i.e., AD-tg (T0) and wild-type (Wt) mice, were fed diets without walnuts. Free radicals, i.e., reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and antioxidant enzymes were assessed in these mice at different ages. AD-tg mice on control diet (T0) showed significant age-dependent increase in ROS levels, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation coupled with impaired activities of antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase] compared to Wt mice. Oxidative stress was significantly reduced in AD-tg mice on diets with walnuts (T6, T9), as evidenced by decreased levels of ROS, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation, as well as by enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes compared to T0 mice. Long-term supplementation with walnuts for 10 or 15 months was more effective in reducing oxidative stress in AD-tg mice. Our findings indicate that walnuts can reduce oxidative stress, not only by scavenging free radicals, but also by protecting antioxidant status, thus leading to reduced oxidative damage to lipids and proteins in AD. Therefore, by reducing oxidative stress, a walnut-enriched diet may help reduce the risk or delay the onset and progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirazkar D. Pandareesh
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Ved Chauhan
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Abha Chauhan
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
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Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of polysaccharides isolated and purified from Diaphragma juglandis fructus. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 105:431-437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Abstract
Nut consumption is clearly related to human health outcomes. Its beneficial effects have been mainly attributed to nut fatty acid profiles and content of vegetable protein, fiber, vitamins, minerals, phytosterols and phenolics. However, in this review we focus on the prebiotics properties in humans of the non-bioaccessible material of nuts (polymerized polyphenols and polysaccharides), which provides substrates for the human gut microbiota and on the formation of new bioactive metabolites and the absorption of that may partly explain the health benefits of nut consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M. Lamuel-Raventos
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science-XARTA-INSA, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marie-Pierre St. Onge
- Department of Medicine and Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Calcabrini C, De Bellis R, Mancini U, Cucchiarini L, Stocchi V, Potenza L. Protective Effect of Juglans regia L. Walnut Extract Against Oxidative DNA Damage. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 72:192-197. [PMID: 28401378 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-017-0609-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Walnuts (Juglans regia L.) are relevant components of the Mediterranean diet providing important macronutrients, micronutrients and other bioactive constituents including unsaturated fatty acids, proteins, fiber, vitamins, minerals, phytosterols and polyphenols. Although the walnut beneficial effects in human health are widely recognized by a lot of epidemiologic studies very little is known regarding its effect on damaged DNA. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Juglans regia L. ethanolic extract from kernel on the induction of DNA strand breaks by thiol/Fe3+/O2 mixed function oxidase, tert-butyl hydroperoxide or UVC radiations in acellular and cellular models. Plasmid DNA cleavage and fast Halo assay were used to monitor oxidative damage to DNA. Both approaches showed protection of oxidatively injured DNA. These results agree with a lot of scientific proofs which recommend walnut as dietary adjunct in health promotion and prevention as well as in treatment of lifestyle-related oxidative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Calcabrini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi 2, I-61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, I 47921, Rimini, RN, Italy
| | - Roberta De Bellis
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi 2, I-61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Umberto Mancini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi 2, I-61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Luigi Cucchiarini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi 2, I-61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Vilberto Stocchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi 2, I-61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Lucia Potenza
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi 2, I-61029, Urbino, PU, Italy.
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Forino M, Stiuso P, Lama S, Ciminiello P, Tenore GC, Novellino E, Taglialatela-Scafati O. Bioassay-guided identification of the antihyperglycaemic constituents of walnut ( Juglans regia ) leaves. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Manral C, Roy S, Singh M, Gautam S, Yadav RK, Rawat JK, Devi U, Ansari MN, Saeedan AS, Kaithwas G. Effect of β-sitosterol against methyl nitrosourea-induced mammary gland carcinoma in albino rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:260. [PMID: 27473871 PMCID: PMC4966711 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1243-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was in quested to study the effects of β-sitosterol on methyl nitrosourea (MNU) induced mammary gland carcinoma in albino wistar rats. METHODS Animals were randomized and divided into four groups of eight animals each. Group I (sham control 1 % CMC in normal saline p.o.); Group II (toxic control, MNU 47 mg/kg, i.v); Group III (MNU 47 mg/kg, i.v + β-sitosterol, 10 mg/kg, p.o); Group IV (MNU 47 mg/kg, i.v + β-sitosterol, 20 mg/kg, p.o). Toxicity was induced by single i.v. injection of MNU followed by β-sitosterol supplementation therapy for 115 days at the dose mentioned above. RESULTS Treatment with β-sitosterol evidenced decrease in the alveolar bud and lobule score in the whole mount of the mammary gland. β-sitosterol exhibited diminishing effect on oxidative stress through synchronizing lipid and enzymatic antioxidant defense. A significant decrease in the saturated and unsaturated fatty acid was evident with the MNU treatment and β-sitosterol demonstrated a marked effect on it. Pgp 9.5 expression was dose dependently upregulated by β-sitosterol treatment in comparison to MNU treatment. On the contrary, downregulated NF-kB expression was perceived, when β-sitosterol was concomitantly administered with MNU. CONCLUSION β-sitosterol afforded significant protection against the deleterious effects of MNU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Manral
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya vihar, Raibareli road, Lucknow, 226025, (U.P.), India
| | - Subhadeep Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya vihar, Raibareli road, Lucknow, 226025, (U.P.), India
| | - Manjari Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya vihar, Raibareli road, Lucknow, 226025, (U.P.), India
| | - Swetlana Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya vihar, Raibareli road, Lucknow, 226025, (U.P.), India
| | - Rajnish K Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya vihar, Raibareli road, Lucknow, 226025, (U.P.), India
| | - Jitendra K Rawat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya vihar, Raibareli road, Lucknow, 226025, (U.P.), India
| | - Uma Devi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, FHMSIASM SHIATS-Deemed University (Formerly Allahabad Agriculture Institute), Naini, Allahabad, 211007, (U.P.), India
| | - Md Nazam Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, KSA
| | - Abdulaziz S Saeedan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, KSA
| | - Gaurav Kaithwas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya vihar, Raibareli road, Lucknow, 226025, (U.P.), India.
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Nakanishi M, Chen Y, Qendro V, Miyamoto S, Weinstock E, Weinstock GM, Rosenberg DW. Effects of Walnut Consumption on Colon Carcinogenesis and Microbial Community Structure. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2016; 9:692-703. [PMID: 27215566 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-16-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Walnuts are composed of a complex array of biologically active constituents with individual cancer-protective properties. Here, we assessed the potential benefit of whole walnut consumption in a mouse tumor bioassay using azoxymethane. In study 1, a modest reduction (1.3-fold) in tumor numbers was observed in mice fed a standard diet (AIN-76A) containing 9.4% walnuts (15% of total fat). In study 2, the effects of walnut supplementation was tested in the Total Western Diet (TWD). There was a significant reduction (2.3-fold; P < 0.02) in tumor numbers in male mice fed TWD containing 7% walnuts (10.5% of total fat). Higher concentrations of walnuts lacked inhibitory effects, particularly in female mice, indicating there may be optimal levels of dietary walnut intake for cancer prevention. Since components of the Mediterranean diet have been shown to affect the gut microbiome, the effects of walnuts were therefore tested in fecal samples using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Carcinogen treatment reduced the diversity and richness of the gut microbiome, especially in male mice, which exhibited lower variability and greater sensitivity to environmental changes. Analysis of individual operational taxonomic units (OTU) identified specific groups of bacteria associated with carcinogen exposure, walnut consumption, and/or both variables. Correlation analysis also identified specific OTU clades that were strongly associated with the presence and number of tumors. Taken together, our results indicate that walnuts afford partial protection to the colon against a potent carcinogenic insult, and this may be due, in part, to walnut-induced changes to the gut microbiome. Cancer Prev Res; 9(8); 692-703. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Nakanishi
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Yanfei Chen
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut. State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Veneta Qendro
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Shingo Miyamoto
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Erica Weinstock
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
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Coevolution between Cancer Activities and Food Structure of Human Being from Southwest China. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:497934. [PMID: 26609527 PMCID: PMC4644535 DOI: 10.1155/2015/497934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Yunnan and Tibet are the lowest cancer mortality and the largest producer for anticancer crops (brown rice, barley, buckwheat, tea, walnut, mushrooms, and so forth). Shanghai and Jiangsu province in China have the highest mortality of cancers, which are associated with the sharp decline of barley.
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Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Intake to Regulate Helicobacter pylori-Associated Gastric Diseases as Nonantimicrobial Dietary Approach. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:712363. [PMID: 26339635 PMCID: PMC4538587 DOI: 10.1155/2015/712363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), commonly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been acknowledged as essential long-chain fatty acids imposing either optimal health promotion or the rescuing from chronic inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, fatty liver, and various inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases. Recent studies dealing with EPA and DHA have sparked highest interests because detailed molecular mechanisms had been documented with the identification of its receptor, G protein coupled receptor, and GPR120. In this review article, we have described clear evidences showing that n-3 PUFAs could reduce various Helicobacter pylori- (H. pylori-) associated gastric diseases and extended to play even cancer preventive outcomes including H. pylori-associated gastric cancer by influencing multiple targets, including proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, inflammation, and metastasis. Since our previous studies strongly concluded that nonantimicrobial dietary approach for reducing inflammation, for instance, application of phytoceuticals, probiotics, natural products including Korean red ginseng, and walnut plentiful of n-3 PUFAs, might be prerequisite step for preventing H. pylori-associated gastric cancer as well as facilitating the rejuvenation of precancerous atrophic gastritis, these beneficial lipids can restore or modify inflammation-associated lipid distortion and correction of altered lipid rafts to send right signaling to maintain healthy stomach even after chronic H. pylori infection.
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Todorova T, Guncheva M, Dimitrova R, Momchilova S. Walnut Oil - Unexplored Raw Material for Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Low-Calorie Structured Lipids for Clinical Nutrition. J Food Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetomira Todorova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry; Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; Sofia 1113 Bulgaria
| | - Maya Guncheva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry; Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; Sofia 1113 Bulgaria
| | - Roza Dimitrova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry; Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; Sofia 1113 Bulgaria
| | - Svetlana Momchilova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry; Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; Sofia 1113 Bulgaria
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Toner CD. Communicating clinical research to reduce cancer risk through diet: Walnuts as a case example. Nutr Res Pract 2014; 8:347-51. [PMID: 25110552 PMCID: PMC4122704 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2014.8.4.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is one mechanism through which cancer is initiated and progresses, and is implicated in the etiology of other conditions that affect cancer risk and prognosis, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and visceral obesity. Emerging human evidence, primarily epidemiological, suggests that walnuts impact risk of these chronic diseases via inflammation. The published literature documents associations between walnut consumption and reduced risk of cancer, and mortality from cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, particularly within the context of the Mediterranean Diet. While encouraging, follow-up in human intervention trials is needed to better elucidate any potential cancer prevention effect of walnuts, per se. In humans, the far-reaching positive effects of a plant-based diet that includes walnuts may be the most critical message for the public. Indeed, appropriate translation of nutrition research is essential for facilitating healthful consumer dietary behavior. This paper will explore the translation and application of human evidence regarding connections with cancer and biomarkers of inflammation to the development of dietary guidance for the public and individualized dietary advice. Strategies for encouraging dietary patterns that may reduce cancer risk will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl D. Toner
- CDT Consulting, LLC, 464 Herndon Parkway, Suite 116, Herndon, VA 20171, USA
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Jacobs DR. What comes first: the food or the nutrient? Executive summary of a symposium. J Nutr 2014; 144:543S-546S. [PMID: 24500931 PMCID: PMC3952626 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.182840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This article summarizes background materials and presentations at a symposium that considered the issue of the role of foods and dietary patterns vs. nutrients in relation to chronic disease risk. A model of food synergy is presented as a basis for studying whole foods and dietary patterns. Findings from a series of studies of walnuts were presented and support the concept that walnuts are a healthy food, with specific benefits in a mouse model of breast cancer growth, reductions in cardiovascular disease risk factors in humans, and motor performance and in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo cellular response to challenge in an aged-rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Jacobs
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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