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Olechno E, Puścion-Jakubik A, Socha K, Pipino C, Zujko ME. Consumption of Chokeberry Bio-Products Improves Specific Metabolic Parameters and Increases the Plasma Antioxidant Status. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:699. [PMID: 38929138 PMCID: PMC11200734 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Because of its high antioxidant activity, chokeberry can be used both in the prevention and treatment of various metabolic disorders. In this study, for the first time, the synergistic effects of chokeberry juice and chokeberry fiber on selected metabolic and anthropometric parameters were assessed during a 90-day intervention including 102 people (67 women and 35 men). After 60 days of intervention with chokeberry juice, statistically significant increases in the muscle mass and antioxidant potential of the serum were observed. In turn, there were decreases in the waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, glycated hemoglobin, glucose, LDL cholesterol, eGFR, and ALT level. The addition of chokeberry fiber for the next 30 days resulted in stabilizations of the diastolic blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin, glucose, and waist circumference, as well as reductions in the values of the heart rate, LDL cholesterol, insulin, and AST level. After 90 days, a significant increase in the FRAP value was also observed. This intervention indicates that chokeberry products may have a beneficial effect on metabolic health and serve as a foundation for developing functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Olechno
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Białystok, Szpitalna 37 Street, 15-295 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Anna Puścion-Jakubik
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Socha
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Caterina Pipino
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. d’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Małgorzata Elżbieta Zujko
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Białystok, Szpitalna 37 Street, 15-295 Białystok, Poland;
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2
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Martchenko A, Papaelias A, Bolz SS. Physiologic effects of the maqui berry ( Aristotelia chilensis): a focus on metabolic homeostasis. Food Funct 2024; 15:4724-4740. [PMID: 38618933 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02524a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence and socioeconomic impact of metabolic diseases is rapidly growing. The limited availability of effective and affordable treatments has fuelled interest in the therapeutic potential of natural compounds as they occur in selected food sources. These compounds might help to better manage the current problems of treatment availability, affordability, and adverse effects that, in combination, limit treatment duration and efficacy at present. Specifically, berries garnered interest given a strong epidemiological link between their consumption and improved metabolic functions, making the analysis of their phytochemical composition and the identification and characterization of biologically active ingredients an emerging area of research. In this regard, the present review focuses on the South American maqui berry Aristotelia chilensis, which has been extensively used by the indigenous Mapuche population for generations to treat a variety of disease conditions. An overview of the maqui plant composition precedes a review of pre-clinical and clinical studies that investigated the effects of maqui berries and their major components on metabolic homeostasis. The final part of the review highlights possible technologies to conserve maqui berry structural and functional integrity during passage through the small intestine, ultimately aiming to augment their systemic and luminal bioavailability and biological effects. The integration of the various aspects discussed herein can assist in the development of effective maqui-based therapies to benefit the growing population of metabolically compromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Martchenko
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Toronto Centre for Microvascular Medicine at The Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research Translational Biology and Engineering Program, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, 14th Floor, Toronto, M5G 1M1, Canada.
| | - Alexandra Papaelias
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Toronto Centre for Microvascular Medicine at The Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research Translational Biology and Engineering Program, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, 14th Floor, Toronto, M5G 1M1, Canada.
| | - Steffen-Sebastian Bolz
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Toronto Centre for Microvascular Medicine at The Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research Translational Biology and Engineering Program, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, 14th Floor, Toronto, M5G 1M1, Canada.
- Heart & Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence for Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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3
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Kumkum R, Aston-Mourney K, McNeill BA, Hernández D, Rivera LR. Bioavailability of Anthocyanins: Whole Foods versus Extracts. Nutrients 2024; 16:1403. [PMID: 38794640 PMCID: PMC11123854 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins have gained significant popularity in recent years for their diverse health benefits, yet their limited bioavailability poses a challenge. To address this concern, technologies have emerged to enhance anthocyanin concentration, often isolating these compounds from other food constituents. However, the extent to which isolated anthocyanins confer health benefits compared to their whole-food counterparts remains unclear. This review explores the current literature on anthocyanin bioavailability and metabolism in the body, with a focus on comparing bioavailability when consumed as extracts versus whole foods rich in anthocyanins, drawing from in vitro, in vivo, and human clinical studies. While direct comparisons between anthocyanin bioavailability in whole foods versus isolates are scarce, prevailing evidence favours whole-food consumption over anthocyanin extracts. Further clinical investigations, preferably with direct comparisons, are needed to validate these findings and elucidate the nuanced interplay between anthocyanins and food matrices, informing future research directions and practical recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Leni R. Rivera
- Institute for Innovation in Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia; (R.K.); (K.A.-M.); (B.A.M.); (D.H.)
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Godyla-Jabłoński M, Raczkowska E, Jodkowska A, Kucharska AZ, Sozański T, Bronkowska M. Effects of Anthocyanins on Components of Metabolic Syndrome-A Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1103. [PMID: 38674794 PMCID: PMC11054851 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a significant health problem. The co-occurrence of obesity, carbohydrate metabolism disorders, hypertension and atherogenic dyslipidaemia is estimated to affect 20-30% of adults worldwide. Researchers are seeking solutions to prevent and treat the conditions related to MetS. Preventive medicine, which focuses on modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, including diet, plays a special role. A diet rich in fruits and vegetables has documented health benefits, mainly due to the polyphenolic compounds it contains. Anthocyanins represent a major group of polyphenols; they exhibit anti-atherosclerotic, antihypertensive, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, as well as beneficial effects on endothelial function and oxidative stress. This review presents recent reports on the mechanisms involved in the protective effects of anthocyanins on the body, especially among people with MetS. It includes epidemiological data, in vivo and in vitro preclinical studies and clinical observational studies. Anthocyanins are effective, widely available compounds that can be used in both the prevention and treatment of MetS and its complications. Increased consumption of anthocyanin-rich foods may contribute to the maintenance of normal body weight and modulation of the lipid profile in adults. However, further investigation is needed to confirm the beneficial effects of anthocyanins on serum glucose levels, improvement in insulin sensitivity and reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Godyla-Jabłoński
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Ewa Raczkowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Anna Jodkowska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wrocław Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Alicja Zofia Kucharska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Sozański
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Pharmacology and Medical Diagnostics, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Monika Bronkowska
- Institute of Health Sciences—Collegium Salutis Humanae, University of Opole, Katowicka 68, 45-060 Opole, Poland;
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Mohammadi N, Farrell M, O'Sullivan L, Langan A, Franchin M, Azevedo L, Granato D. Effectiveness of anthocyanin-containing foods and nutraceuticals in mitigating oxidative stress, inflammation, and cardiovascular health-related biomarkers: a systematic review of animal and human interventions. Food Funct 2024; 15:3274-3299. [PMID: 38482946 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04579j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of chronic health disorders prevalent worldwide that claim millions of lives yearly. Inflammation and oxidative stress are intricately associated with myocardial tissue damage, endothelial dysfunction, and increased odds of heart failure. Thus, dietary strategies aimed at decreasing the odds of CVDs are paramount. In this regard, the consumption of anthocyanins, natural pigments found in edible flowers, fruits, and vegetables, has attracted attention due to their potential to promote cardiovascular health. The main mechanisms of action linked with their protective effects on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, serum lipid profile modulation, and other cardiovascular health parameters are explained and exemplified. However, little is known about the dose-dependency nature of the effects, which anthocyanin has better efficiency, and whether anthocyanin-containing foods display better in vivo efficacy than nutraceuticals (i.e., concentrated extracts containing higher levels of anthocyanins than foods). Thus, this systematic review focused on determining the effects of anthocyanin-containing foods and nutraceuticals on biomarkers associated with CVDs using animal studies and human interventions supported by in vitro mechanistic insights. Overall, the results showed that the regular consumption of anthocyanin-containing foods and nutraceuticals improved vascular function, lipid profile, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The daily dosage, the participants' health status, and the duration of the intervention also significantly influenced the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Mohammadi
- University of Limerick, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Biological Sciences, Bioactivity and Applications Lab, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Michelle Farrell
- University of Limerick, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Biological Sciences, Bioactivity and Applications Lab, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Laura O'Sullivan
- University of Limerick, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Biological Sciences, Bioactivity and Applications Lab, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Andrea Langan
- University of Limerick, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Biological Sciences, Bioactivity and Applications Lab, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Marcelo Franchin
- University of Limerick, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Biological Sciences, Bioactivity and Applications Lab, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Luciana Azevedo
- Federal University of Alfenas, In Vitro and In Vivo Nutritional and Toxicological Analysis Laboratory, Av. Jovino Fernandes Sales, 2600, Bairro Santa Clara - CEP 37133-840, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel Granato
- University of Limerick, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Biological Sciences, Bioactivity and Applications Lab, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
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Stabnikova O, Stabnikov V, Paredes-López O. Fruits of Wild-Grown Shrubs for Health Nutrition. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 79:20-37. [PMID: 38280176 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Cultivated fruits and berries, such as raspberries, strawberries, black currants, cherries, blueberries, are generally recognized sources of antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, and other substances beneficial to human health and well-being. However, there are also wild berries and fruits that are of undoubted interest as food products having valuable medicinal properties due to the presence of phenolic compounds, antioxidants, and vitamins. These fruits have a great potential to be used in functional food making. The present review is dedicated to fruits of wild-grown shrubs Bird cherry (Prunus padus L.), Rowan berry (Sorbus aucuparia L.), Guelder rose (Viburnum opulus L.), Black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.), and Barberry (Berberis vulgaris L.) The chemical compositions of these wild berries are described as well as their effects on the improvement of human health proved by clinical trials and epidemiological studies. The possibilities of using the fruits of wild-grown shrubs in the preparation of functional foods and examples of their implementation for the manufacturing of dairy, bakery and meat products are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Stabnikova
- Advanced Research Laboratory, National University of Food Technologies, 68 Volodymyrska Street, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine.
| | - Viktor Stabnikov
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, National University of Food Technologies, 68 Volodymyrska Street, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Octavio Paredes-López
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, the National Polytechnic Institute, Guanajuato, 36824, Mexico
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7
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Shareef SM, Khaleel RA, Maryoosh TM. Nephroprotective effect of cranberry ( Vaccinium oxycoccos) in streptozocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in mice. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2024; 39:35-45. [PMID: 38469711 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2023-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetic nephropathy is a chief reason of mortality particularly in individuals with renal dysfunction. The current research was aimed to assess the nephroprotective portion of Vaccinium oxycoccos toward mice diabetic nephropathy induced by streptozotocin (STZ). V. oxycoccos was purchased and used for hydroalcoholic extraction. METHODS Sixty male mice were subjected to STZ-intraperitoneal injection (45 mg/kg). After diabetes induction, mice were divided into five groups of diabetic control (received only STZ), non-diabetic control (received only citrate buffer), two V. oxycoccos treatment (received V. oxycoccos extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) oral daily by gavage), and metformin treatment (received metformin (500 mg/kg) oral daily by gavage). Glucose and weight of mice were checked weekly. RESULTS After 28 days, the effect of V. oxycoccos extract on serum and urine parameters were assessed. STZ caused significant decreased in the mice body weight. Mice treated with the V. oxycoccos (400 mg/kg) harbored the lowest weight loss at day 28 (70.2±1.38 g). STZ caused significant increase in the mice FBS. Mice treated with the V. oxycoccos (400 mg/kg) harbored the lowest FBS at day 28 (189.2±1.20 mg/dL). Treatment of mice with V. oxycoccos (400 mg/kg) caused the lowest increase in the levels of cholesterol, HbA1c and triglycerides compared to the diabetic control mice. Compared to the diabetic control group, mice treated with V. oxycoccos (400 mg/kg) had the highest HDL, insulin, SOD, and GSH (p<0.05). The lowest serum BUN, CR, and UR were found in mice treated with V. oxycoccos (400 mg/kg). Anti-inflammatory effects of V. oxycoccos (400 mg/kg) was shown by the lowest TNF-α, IL-6, and TGF-β1 concentration in mice treated with V. oxycoccos (400 mg/kg). CONCLUSIONS The current study disclosed that treatment with V. oxycoccos resulted in substantial development in the serum and urine parameters and also antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response of STZ-induced diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saja Majeed Shareef
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Collage of Pharmacy, 554706 Al-Esraa University , Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Taif M Maryoosh
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Kut University Collage, Wasit, Iraq
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8
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Hariri M, Amirkalali B, Gholami A. Effects of purified anthocyanins supplementation on serum concentration of inflammatory mediators: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis on randomized clinical trials. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1494-1508. [PMID: 38272574 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanins, due to their antioxidant effects, are candidates to reduce inflammation and the risk of inflammatory diseases. Therefore, through conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis, we tried to find the effect of purified anthocyanins on serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Databases including, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed, and Cochrane Library were searched up to June 2023. The meta-analysis was done by calculating mean differences and their standard deviations. Calculating the statistical heterogeneity of intervention effects was performed through I-squared statistics and Cochran's Q test. The pooled estimate showed a significant decrease in serum levels of CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 (weighted mean difference (WMD) = -0.12 mg/L, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.21 to -0.02, p = 0.013; WMD = -1.37 pg/mL, 95% CI = -1.79 to -0.96; p < 0.001; WMD = -1.43 pg/mL, 95% CI = -1.87 to -1.00; p < 0.001, respectively). Subgroup analysis results revealed purified anthocyanins significantly decreased serum levels of CRP among participants with serum levels of CRP≥1.52 mg/L, at-risk/unhealthy status, and in trials with intervention duration ≥84 days, anthocyanins dose ≥320 mg/day, and sample size ≥85 subjects. Regarding TNF-α and IL-6, out results showed that there was a significant effect of purified anthocyanins on serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in most subgroups. The results of our study indicated that purified anthocyanins significantly decreased serum levels of CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6. However, further high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish the efficacy of purified anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Hariri
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Bahareh Amirkalali
- Gastrointestinal & Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Gholami
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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Hidalgo-Lozada GM, Villarruel-López A, Nuño K, García-García A, Sánchez-Nuño YA, Ramos-García CO. Clinically Effective Molecules of Natural Origin for Obesity Prevention or Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2671. [PMID: 38473918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and incidence of obesity and the comorbidities linked to it are increasing worldwide. Current therapies for obesity and associated pathologies have proven to cause a broad number of adverse effects, and often, they are overpriced or not affordable for all patients. Among the alternatives currently available, natural bioactive compounds stand out. These are frequently contained in pharmaceutical presentations, nutraceutical products, supplements, or functional foods. The clinical evidence for these molecules is increasingly solid, among which epigallocatechin-3-gallate, ellagic acid, resveratrol, berberine, anthocyanins, probiotics, carotenoids, curcumin, silymarin, hydroxy citric acid, and α-lipoic acid stand out. The molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways of these molecules have been shown to interact with the endocrine, nervous, and gastroenteric systems. They can regulate the expression of multiple genes and proteins involved in starvation-satiety processes, activate the brown adipose tissue, decrease lipogenesis and inflammation, increase lipolysis, and improve insulin sensitivity. This review provides a comprehensive view of nature-based therapeutic options to address the increasing prevalence of obesity. It offers a valuable perspective for future research and subsequent clinical practice, addressing everything from the molecular, genetic, and physiological bases to the clinical study of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelica Villarruel-López
- Department of Pharmacobiology, University Center for Exact and Engineering Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico
| | - Karla Nuño
- Department of Psychology, Education and Health, ITESO Jesuit University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 45604, Mexico
| | - Abel García-García
- Institute of Science and Technology for Health Innovation, Guadalajara 44770, Mexico
- Department of Medical Clinic, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Yaír Adonaí Sánchez-Nuño
- Department of Pharmacobiology, University Center for Exact and Engineering Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico
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Macedo C, Costa PC, Rodrigues F. Bioactive compounds from Actinidia arguta fruit as a new strategy to fight glioblastoma. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113770. [PMID: 38129059 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant demand for natural products as a mean of disease prevention or as an alternative to conventional medications. The driving force for this change is the growing recognition of the abundant presence of valuable bioactive compounds in natural products. On recent years Actinia arguta fruit, also known as kiwiberry, has attracted a lot of attention from scientific community due to its richness in bioactive compounds, including phenolic compounds, organic acids, vitamins, carotenoids and fiber. These bioactive compounds contribute to the fruit's diverse outstanding biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, and anti-cancer properties. Due to these properties, the fruit may have the potential to be used in the treatment/prevention of various types of cancer, including glioblastoma. Glioblastoma is the most aggressive form of brain cancer, displaying 90 % of recurrence rate within a span of 2 years. Despite the employment of an aggressive approach, the prognosis remains unfavorable, emphasizing the urgent requirement for the development of new effective treatments. The preclinical evidence suggests that kiwiberry has potential impact on glioblastoma by reducing the cancer self-renewal, modulating the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of the cell phenotype and metabolism, and influencing the consolidation of the tumor microenvironment. Even though, challenges such as the imprecise composition and concentration of bioactive compounds, and its low bioavailability after oral administration may be drawbacks to the development of kiwiberry-based treatments, being urgent to ensure the safety and efficacy of kiwiberry for the prevention and treatment of glioblastoma. This review aims to highlight the potential impact of A. arguta bioactive compounds on glioblastoma, providing novel insights into their applicability as complementary or alternative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Macedo
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; REQUIMTE/UCIBIO, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo C Costa
- REQUIMTE/UCIBIO, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Francisca Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal.
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Jiang Y, Li X, Zhang Y, Wu B, Li Y, Tian L, Sun J, Bai W. Mechanism of action of anthocyanin on the detoxification of foodborne contaminants-A review of recent literature. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13259. [PMID: 38284614 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Foodborne contaminants refer to substances that are present in food and threaten food safety. Due to the progress in detection technology and the rising concerns regarding public health, there has been a surge in research focusing on the dangers posed by foodborne contaminants. These studies aim to explore and implement strategies that are both safe and efficient in mitigating the associated risks. Anthocyanins, a class of flavonoids, are abundantly present in various plant species, such as blueberries, grapes, purple sweet potatoes, cherries, mulberries, and others. Numerous epidemiological and nutritional intervention studies have provided evidence indicating that the consumption of anthocyanins through dietary intake offers a range of protective effects against the detrimental impact of foodborne contaminants. The present study aims to differentiate between two distinct subclasses of foodborne contaminants: those that are generated during the processing of food and those that originate from the surrounding environment. Furthermore, the impact of anthocyanins on foodborne contaminants was also summarized based on a review of articles published within the last 10 years. However, further investigation is warranted regarding the mechanism by which anthocyanins target foodborne contaminants, as well as the potential impact of individual variations in response. Additionally, it is important to note that there is currently a dearth of clinical research examining the efficacy of anthocyanins as an intervention for mitigating the effects of foodborne pollutants. Thus, by exploring the detoxification effect and mechanism of anthocyanins on foodborne pollutants, this review thereby provides evidence, supporting the utilization of anthocyanin-rich diets as a means to mitigate the detrimental effects of foodborne contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xusheng Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Dongguan, PR China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Biyu Wu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food, and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Yuxi Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lingmin Tian
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianxia Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Carvalho F, Lahlou RA, Pires P, Salgado M, Silva LR. Natural Functional Beverages as an Approach to Manage Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16977. [PMID: 38069300 PMCID: PMC10707707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease, commonly associated with unhealthy habits and obesity, and it is becoming a serious health issue worldwide. As a result, new approaches to treat diabetes are required, and a movement towards more natural approaches is emerging. Consuming fruit and vegetables is advised to prevent diabetes since they contain several bioactive compounds. A simple and effective strategy to include them in the diets of diabetic and obese people is through beverages. This review aims to report the anti-diabetic potentials of different vegetable and fruit beverages. These functional beverages demonstrated in vitro potential to inhibit α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes and to improve glucose uptake. In vivo, beverage consumption showed a reduction of blood glucose, increase of insulin tolerance, improvement of lipid profile, control of obesity, and reduction of oxidative stress. This suggests the potential of vegetable- and fruit-based functional beverages to be used as a natural innovative therapy for the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Carvalho
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG—Centro de Potencial e Inovação em Recursos Naturais, Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior do Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; (F.C.); (R.A.L.); (P.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Radhia Aitfella Lahlou
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG—Centro de Potencial e Inovação em Recursos Naturais, Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior do Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; (F.C.); (R.A.L.); (P.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Paula Pires
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG—Centro de Potencial e Inovação em Recursos Naturais, Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior do Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; (F.C.); (R.A.L.); (P.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Manuel Salgado
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG—Centro de Potencial e Inovação em Recursos Naturais, Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior do Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; (F.C.); (R.A.L.); (P.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG—Centro de Potencial e Inovação em Recursos Naturais, Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior do Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; (F.C.); (R.A.L.); (P.P.); (M.S.)
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- CIEPQPF—Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II—Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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13
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Mikhailova DV, Shevchenko OG, Golubev DA, Platonova EY, Zemskaya NV, Shoeva OY, Gordeeva EI, Patov SA, Shaposhnikov MV, Khlestkina EK, Moskalev A. Antioxidant Properties and Geroprotective Potential of Wheat Bran Extracts with Increased Content of Anthocyanins. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2010. [PMID: 38001863 PMCID: PMC10669849 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12112010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a focus on breeding wheat with high anthocyanin levels in order to improve food quality and human health. The objective of this study was to examine the antioxidant and geroprotective properties of wheat bran extracts using both in vitro and in vivo research methods. Two wheat lines were used: one with uncolored pericarp (anthocyanin-free) and another with colored pericarp (anthocyanin-containing). These lines differed in a specific region of chromosome 2A containing the Pp3/TaMyc1 gene, which regulates anthocyanin production. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed the presence of cyanidin glucoside and cyanidin arabinoside in the anthocyanin-containing wheat bran extract (+AWBE), while no anthocyanins were found in the anthocyanin-free wheat bran extract (-AWBE). The +AWBE showed higher radical scavenging activity (DPPH and ABTS assays) and membrane protective activity (AAPH oxidative hemolysis model) compared to the -AWBE. Both extracts extended the lifespan of female Drosophila, indicating geroprotective properties. This study demonstrates that wheat bran extracts with high anthocyanin levels have antioxidant and geroprotective effects. However, other secondary metabolites in wheat bran can also contribute to its antioxidant and geroprotective potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V. Mikhailova
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the RAS, 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Oksana G. Shevchenko
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the RAS, 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Denis A. Golubev
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the RAS, 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Elena Y. Platonova
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the RAS, 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V. Zemskaya
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the RAS, 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
- Federal Research Center N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), 190031 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olesya Yu. Shoeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena I. Gordeeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Patov
- Institute of Chemistry of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the RAS, 167000 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Mikhail V. Shaposhnikov
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the RAS, 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
- Federal Research Center N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), 190031 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena K. Khlestkina
- Federal Research Center N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), 190031 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the RAS, 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
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14
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Fragoso-Medina JA, López Vaquera SR, Domínguez-Uscanga A, Luna-Vital D, García N. Single anthocyanins effectiveness modulating inflammation markers in obesity: dosage and matrix composition analysis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1255518. [PMID: 38024376 PMCID: PMC10651755 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1255518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins (ACNs) are phytochemicals with numerous bioactivities, e.g., antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Health benefits from consuming ACN-rich foods, extracts, and supplements have been studied in clinical trials (CT). However, the individual effect of single ACNs and their correlation with doses and specific bioactivities or molecular targets have not been thoroughly analyzed. This review shows a recompilation of single anthocyanins composition and concentrations used in CT, conducted to investigate the effect of these anti-inflammatory derivatives in obese condition. Single anthocyanin doses with changes in the levels of frequently monitored markers were correlated. In addition, the analysis was complemented with reports of studies made in vitro with single ACNs. Anthocyanins' efficacy in diseases with high baseline obesity-related inflammation markers was evidenced. A poor correlation was found between most single anthocyanin doses and level changes of commonly monitored markers. Correlations between cyanidin, delphinidin, and pelargonidin derivatives and specific molecular targets were proposed. Our analysis showed that knowledge of specific compositions and anthocyanin concentrations determined in future studies would provide more information about mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Alberto Fragoso-Medina
- Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Selma Romina López Vaquera
- Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Astrid Domínguez-Uscanga
- Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Diego Luna-Vital
- Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Noemí García
- Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- Preclinical Research Unit, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
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15
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Liu Y, Wang Q, Wu K, Sun Z, Tang Z, Li X, Zhang B. Anthocyanins' effects on diabetes mellitus and islet transplantation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12102-12125. [PMID: 35822311 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2098464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes mellitus is dramatically increasing every year, causing a huge global burden. Moreover, existing anti-diabetic drugs inevitably bring adverse reactions, and the application of islet transplantation is often limited by the damage caused by oxidative stress after transplantation. Thus, new approaches are needed to combat the growing burden of diabetes mellitus. Anthocyanins are of great nutritional interest and have been documented that have beneficial effects on chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus. Here, we describe the health effects of anthocyanins on diabetes mellitus and islet transplantation. Epidemiological studies demonstrated that moderate intake of anthocyanins leading to a reduction in risk of diabetes mellitus. Numerous experiments both animal and clinical studies also showed positive effects of anthocyanins on prevention and treatment of diabetes and diabetic complications. These effects of anthocyanins may be related to mechanisms of improving glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin resistance, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. In addition, damage and function of pancreatic islets after transplantation are also improved by anthocyanins. These findings suggest that daily intake of anthocyanins may not only improve nutritional metabolism in healthy individuals to prevent from diabetes, but also as a supplementary treatment of diabetes mellitus and islet transplantation. Thus, more evidence is needed to better understand the potential health benefits of anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Qianwen Wang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Kangze Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhouyi Sun
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Zhe Tang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Xian Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Nosal BM, Sakaki JR, Mofrad MD, Macdonald Z, Mahoney KJ, Thornton SN, Patel D, Drossman J, Lee ECH, Chun OK. Blackcurrant Anthocyanins Improve Blood Lipids and Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Healthy Women in Menopause Transition without Changing Body Composition. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2834. [PMID: 37893207 PMCID: PMC10604580 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent cell and animal studies suggest the potential of blackcurrants (BCs; Ribes nigrum) as a dietary agent that may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) by improving dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This study aimed to examine the effects of BC anthocyanin (ACN) extract supplementation on biomarkers of CVD risk in healthy adult women in menopause transition. The effects of BC ACN supplementation on body composition, fasting blood lipids and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress were evaluated using anthropometric measures and blood samples collected from a pilot randomized controlled clinical trial in peri- and early postmenopausal women. Thirty-eight eligible peri- and early postmenopausal women aged 45-60 completed the entire trial, in which they were randomly assigned into one of three treatment groups: placebo (control group), 392 mg/day (low BC group), or 784 mg/day (high BC group) for six months. The significance of differences in outcomes was tested using repeated-measures ANOVA. Overall, following six-month BC consumption, significantly decreased triglyceride (TG) levels were observed between treatment groups (p < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. Plasma interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was significantly reduced in a dose and time dependent manner (p < 0.05). Significant decreases in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels were also observed between treatment groups (p < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. Six-month change in oxidized LDL was inversely correlated with changes in catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (p < 0.05), while C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) change was positively correlated with changes in TG and IL-1β (p < 0.01). Together, these findings suggest that daily BC consumption for six months effectively improved dyslipidemia, inflammation, and lipid peroxidation, thus potentially mitigating the risk of postmenopausal CVD development in study participants. Future studies with larger sample sizes and at-risk populations are warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana M. Nosal
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (B.M.N.); (J.R.S.); (M.D.M.); (D.P.); (J.D.)
| | - Junichi R. Sakaki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (B.M.N.); (J.R.S.); (M.D.M.); (D.P.); (J.D.)
| | - Manije Darooghegi Mofrad
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (B.M.N.); (J.R.S.); (M.D.M.); (D.P.); (J.D.)
| | - Zachary Macdonald
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (Z.M.); (K.J.M.); (S.N.T.); (E.C.-H.L.)
| | - Kyle J. Mahoney
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (Z.M.); (K.J.M.); (S.N.T.); (E.C.-H.L.)
| | - Staci N. Thornton
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (Z.M.); (K.J.M.); (S.N.T.); (E.C.-H.L.)
| | - Dave Patel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (B.M.N.); (J.R.S.); (M.D.M.); (D.P.); (J.D.)
| | - Joseph Drossman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (B.M.N.); (J.R.S.); (M.D.M.); (D.P.); (J.D.)
| | - Elaine Choung-Hee Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (Z.M.); (K.J.M.); (S.N.T.); (E.C.-H.L.)
| | - Ock K. Chun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (B.M.N.); (J.R.S.); (M.D.M.); (D.P.); (J.D.)
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17
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Alfahel R, Sawicki T, Jabłońska M, Przybyłowicz KE. Anti-Hyperglycemic Effects of Bioactive Compounds in the Context of the Prevention of Diet-Related Diseases. Foods 2023; 12:3698. [PMID: 37835351 PMCID: PMC10572282 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet-related diseases are health conditions primary caused by poor nutrition. These diseases encompass obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, and certain types of cancer. Functional foods and nutraceuticals offer a promising dietary approach to addressing diet-related diseases across various clinical contexts. The bioactive compounds found in these foods are the subject of intensive studies aimed at discovering their anti-hyperglycemic effects, which are beneficial in alleviating chronic diseases and protecting human health. Hyperglycemia is a common risk factor for metabolic disease and mortality worldwide. Chronic hyperglycemic states can lead to many long-term complications, such as retinopathy, neuropathy, kidney disease, heart disease, cancer, and diabetes. This review explores the potential anti-hyperglycemic effects of bioactive compounds, specifically flavonoids and phenolic acids, and their proposed roles in mitigating chronic diseases and promoting human health. By thoroughly examining the existing literature, we investigated the potential anti-hyperglycemic effects of these bioactive compounds and their proposed roles in managing chronic diseases. The goal of this paper was to enhance our comprehension of how these compounds modulate glucose transporters, with the ultimate aim of identifying effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of diet-related diseases. Overall, this review investigated the use of bioactive compounds from functional foods as potential inhibitors of glucose transporters in the context of prevention/treatment of diet-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Katarzyna E. Przybyłowicz
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 45f Słoneczna Street, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (R.A.); (T.S.); (M.J.)
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18
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Nna VU, McGrowder D, Nwokocha C. Nutraceutical management of metabolic syndrome as a palliative and a therapeutic to coronavirus disease (COVID) crisis. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:1123-1142. [PMID: 33770443 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1903041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The global market for medicinal plants and herbs is on the increase due to their desirability, efficacy, and less adverse effects as complementary and alternative medications to the orthodox pharmaceuticals, perhaps due to their natural components and qualities. Metabolic syndromes are managed with changes in diet, exercise, lifestyle modifications and the use of pharmacological agents. Plants are now known to have potent antioxidant and cholinergic activities which are relevant to the management of several metabolic syndromes, which are unfortunately, co-morbidity factors in the coronavirus disease crisis. This review will focus on the biological activities of some plant products used as complementary and alternative medicines in the management of metabolic syndromes, and on their reported antiviral, antithrombotic, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory properties, which are integral to their usage in the management of viral infections and may give an avenue for prophylactic and therapeutics especially in the absence of vaccines/formulated antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Udo Nna
- Department of Physiology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Donovan McGrowder
- Department of Pathology, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Chukwuemeka Nwokocha
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences (Physiology Section), The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
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19
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Mao T, Akshit FNU, Mohan MS. Effects of anthocyanin supplementation in diet on glycemic and related cardiovascular biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1199815. [PMID: 37810926 PMCID: PMC10556752 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1199815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study is the first systematic review and meta-analysis based on RCTs on the effects of anthocyanins on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the effect on T2DM-related cardiovascular disease. Methods RCTs published in English from five electronic databases were evaluated for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-h postprandial blood glucose, fasting insulin, model assessment for insulin resistance, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. The quality of the studies was rated (Cochrane Risk of Bias tool) and weighted mean differences were calculated (DerSimonian-Laird model with random effects). Leave-one-out sensitivity, subgroup, and publication bias analyses were conducted. The strength of the evidence was rated according to the GRADE guidelines. Results In all, 13 RCTs were analyzed out of the 239 identified studies, with a duration longer than 4 weeks (703 participants with T2DM). Our findings indicate that a median dose of 320 mg/day anthocyanins, either from fruit extracts or pure supplements, for a median intervention length of 8 weeks significantly reduced HbA1c [Weighted Mean Difference (WMD) -0.31, p = 0.00], FBG (WMD -0.63, p = 0.00), 2-h postprandial glucose (WMD -1.60, p = 0.00), TG (WMD -0.45, p = 0.01), and LDL (WMD -0.26 p = 0.02). However, the effects of anthocyanins on fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, TC, HDL cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure in patients with T2DM were not statistically significant. Anthocyanins from fruit extracts or powder exhibited a higher reduction of HbA1c compared to pure anthocyanin supplements. Conclusion The significant improvements in glycemic parameters and lipid profile, suggest the benefits of anthocyanins, especially from fruit extract or powder, in the management of T2DM, and their ability to delay the onset of lipid disorder-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease associated with T2DM. The mechanism behind this reduction in glycemic markers could be attributed to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of anthocyanins. Further research with well-designed RCTs is required to determine the optimal dosage of anthocyanins for the treatment of T2DM and to comprehend the consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maneesha S. Mohan
- Alfred Dairy Science Laboratory, Department of Dairy and Food Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
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20
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Luo Y, Zeng Y, Peng J, Zhang K, Wang L, Feng T, Nhamdriel T, Fan G. Phytochemicals for the treatment of metabolic diseases: Evidence from clinical studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115274. [PMID: 37542856 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With the continuous improvement of people's living standard, the incidence of metabolic diseases is gradually increasing in recent years. There is growing interest in finding drugs to treat metabolic diseases from natural compounds due to their good efficacy and limited side effects. Over the past few decades, many phytochemicals derived from natural plants, such as berberine, curcumin, quercetin, resveratrol, rutin, and hesperidin, have been shown to have good pharmacological activity against metabolic diseases in preclinical studies. More importantly, clinical trials using these phytochemicals to treat metabolic diseases have been increasing. This review comprehensively summarizes the clinical progress of phytochemicals derived from natural plants in the treatment of several metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Accumulating clinical evidence shows that a total of 18 phytochemicals have good therapeutic effects on the three metabolic diseases by lowering blood glucose and lipid levels, reducing insulin resistance, enhancing insulin sensitivity, increasing energy expenditure, improving liver function, and relieving inflammation and oxidative stress. The information will help us better understand the medicinal value of these phytochemicals and promote their clinical application in the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yujiao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jiayan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Tu Feng
- School of Ecological Engineering, Guizhou University of Engineering Science, Bijie 551700, China.
| | - Tsedien Nhamdriel
- Department of Tibetan medicine, University of Tibetan Medicine, Lhasa 850000, China.
| | - Gang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan 620010, China.
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21
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Szekeres R, Priksz D, Kiss R, Romanescu DD, Bombicz M, Varga B, Gesztelyi R, Szilagyi A, Takacs B, Tarjanyi V, Pelles-Tasko B, Forgacs I, Remenyik J, Szilvassy Z, Juhasz B. Therapeutic Aspects of Prunus cerasus Extract in a Rabbit Model of Atherosclerosis-Associated Diastolic Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13253. [PMID: 37686067 PMCID: PMC10488229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the potential therapeutic effects of anthocyanin-rich Prunus cerasus (sour cherry) extract (PCE) on atherosclerosis-associated cardiac dysfunction, described by the impairment of the NO-PKG (nitric oxide-protein kinase G) pathway and the antioxidant capacity. Initially, a rabbit model of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease was established by administering a cholesterol-rich diet, enabling the examination of the impact of 9 g/kg PCE on the pre-existing compromised cardiovascular condition. After that, the animals were divided into four groups for 12 weeks: the (1) untreated control group; (2) PCE-administered healthy rabbits; (3) hypercholesterolemic (HC) group kept on an atherogenic diet; and (4) PCE-treated HC group. Dyslipidemia, impaired endothelial function, and signs of diastolic dysfunction were evident in hypercholesterolemic rabbits, accompanied by a reduced cardiac expression of eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase), PKG, and SERCA2a (sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a). Subsequent PCE treatment improved the lipid profile and the cardiac function. Additionally, PCE administration was associated with elevated myocardial levels of eNOS, PKG, and SERCA2a, while no significant changes in the vascular status were observed. Western blot analysis further revealed hypercholesterolemia-induced increase and PCE-associated reduction in heme oxygenase-1 expression. The observed effects of anthocyanins indicate their potential as a valuable addition to the treatment regimen for atherosclerosis-associated cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reka Szekeres
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (R.S.); (D.P.); (R.K.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (R.G.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (V.T.); (B.P.-T.); (Z.S.)
| | - Daniel Priksz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (R.S.); (D.P.); (R.K.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (R.G.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (V.T.); (B.P.-T.); (Z.S.)
| | - Rita Kiss
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (R.S.); (D.P.); (R.K.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (R.G.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (V.T.); (B.P.-T.); (Z.S.)
| | - Dana Diana Romanescu
- Department of Diabetology, Pelican Clinical Hospital, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Mariann Bombicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (R.S.); (D.P.); (R.K.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (R.G.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (V.T.); (B.P.-T.); (Z.S.)
| | - Balazs Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (R.S.); (D.P.); (R.K.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (R.G.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (V.T.); (B.P.-T.); (Z.S.)
| | - Rudolf Gesztelyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (R.S.); (D.P.); (R.K.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (R.G.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (V.T.); (B.P.-T.); (Z.S.)
| | - Anna Szilagyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (R.S.); (D.P.); (R.K.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (R.G.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (V.T.); (B.P.-T.); (Z.S.)
| | - Barbara Takacs
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (R.S.); (D.P.); (R.K.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (R.G.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (V.T.); (B.P.-T.); (Z.S.)
| | - Vera Tarjanyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (R.S.); (D.P.); (R.K.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (R.G.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (V.T.); (B.P.-T.); (Z.S.)
| | - Beata Pelles-Tasko
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (R.S.); (D.P.); (R.K.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (R.G.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (V.T.); (B.P.-T.); (Z.S.)
| | - Ildiko Forgacs
- Center for Complex Systems and Microbiome Innovations, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.F.); (J.R.)
| | - Judit Remenyik
- Center for Complex Systems and Microbiome Innovations, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.F.); (J.R.)
| | - Zoltan Szilvassy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (R.S.); (D.P.); (R.K.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (R.G.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (V.T.); (B.P.-T.); (Z.S.)
| | - Bela Juhasz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (R.S.); (D.P.); (R.K.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (R.G.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (V.T.); (B.P.-T.); (Z.S.)
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22
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Jang HH, Hwang IG, Lee YM. Effects of anthocyanin supplementation on blood lipid levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1207751. [PMID: 37649528 PMCID: PMC10463756 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1207751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dyslipidemia is a major cardiovascular disease risk factor associated with increased mortality. The intake of plant food-derived bioactive compounds is associated with beneficial cardiovascular effects, including decreased blood lipid levels and cardiovascular risk. We aimed to evaluate the effects of anthocyanin intake on blood lipid levels by analyzing relevant randomized controlled trials. Methods We searched the PubMed and Embase databases using the "Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcomes" format to determine whether anthocyanin supplementation intervention affected blood lipid levels compared with placebo supplementation in human participants. Results A total of 41 studies with 2,788 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Anthocyanin supplementation significantly reduced triglyceride [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.18, -0.01) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (SMD = -0.16; 95% CI -0.26, -0.07) levels and increased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels (SMD = 0.42; 95% CI 0.20, 0.65). Discussion Anthocyanin supplementation significantly improved blood lipid component levels in the included studies. Larger, well-designed clinical trials are needed to further investigate the effects of anthocyanin intake on blood lipid levels and the safety of anthocyanin supplementation for treating dyslipidemia. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021257087, identifier: CRD42021257087.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan-Hee Jang
- Functional Food Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Guk Hwang
- Functional Food Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Lee
- Department of Practical Science Education, Gyeongin National University of Education, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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23
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Dudek A, Strugała-Danak P, Kral T, Hof M, Pruchnik H. An analysis of interactions between three structurally diverse anthocyanidins, as well as their glucosides, and model biological membranes, albumin, and plasmid DNA. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12883. [PMID: 37558717 PMCID: PMC10412636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39470-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study is to investigate the differences in the interaction of three structurally diverse anthocyanidins, namely peonidin, petunidin, and delphinidin, as well as their glucosides with model biological membranes, human albumin, and plasmid DNA in order to look into their structure-activity relationships. Fluorimetric studies, as well as ATR-FTIR analyses, were jointly used in order to determine the changes observed in both the hydrophilic and hydrophobic layers of cell-mimic membranes (MM) which reflected the membrane lipid composition of tumour cells and red blood cell membranes (RBCM). Our results showed that anthocyanins and anthocyanidins can cause an increase in the packing order of the polar heads of lipids, as well as interact with their deeper layers by reducing the fluidity of lipid chains. The results presented here indicate that all compounds tested here possessed the ability to bind to human serum albumin (HSA) and the presence of a glucose molecule within the structures formed by anthocyanidin reduces their ability to bind to proteins. Using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, it was demonstrated that the compounds tested here were capable of forming stable complexes with plasmid DNA and, particularly, strong DNA conformational changes were observed in the presence of petunidin and corresponding glucoside, as well as delphinidin. The results we obtained can be useful in comprehending the anthocyanins therapeutic action as molecular antioxidants and provide a valuable insight into their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Dudek
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paulina Strugała-Danak
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Teresa Kral
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejskova 3, 18223, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hof
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejskova 3, 18223, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Hanna Pruchnik
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
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24
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Blanton C, Ghimire B, Khajeh Pour S, Aghazadeh-Habashi A. Circadian Modulation of the Antioxidant Effect of Grape Consumption: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6502. [PMID: 37569042 PMCID: PMC10419126 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20156502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Grape consumption acts on the immune system to produce antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Since immune activity demonstrates circadian rhythmicity, with peak activity occurring during waking hours, the timing of grape intake may influence the magnitude of its antioxidant effect. This study followed a 2 × 2 factorial randomized, controlled design wherein healthy men and women (n = 32) consumed either a grape or placebo drink with a high-fat meal in the morning or evening. Urine was collected for measurements of biomarkers of oxidative stress and grape metabolites at baseline and post-meal at hour 1 and hours 1-6. F-2 isoprostane levels showed main effects of time period (baseline < hour 1 < hours 1-6, p < 0.0001), time (a.m. > p.m., p = 0.008) and treatment (placebo > grape, p = 0.05). Total F2-isoprostane excretion expressed as % baseline was higher in the a.m. vs. p.m. (p = 0.004) and in the a.m. placebo vs. all other groups (p < 0.05). Tartaric acid and resveratrol excretion levels were higher in the grape vs. placebo group (p < 0.05) but were not correlated with F-2 isoprostane levels. The findings support a protective effect of grape consumption against morning sensitivity to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Blanton
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA
| | - Biwash Ghimire
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA; (B.G.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Sana Khajeh Pour
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA; (B.G.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Ali Aghazadeh-Habashi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA; (B.G.); (S.K.P.)
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25
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Song W, Yuan Q, Wang Y, Mai M, Luo M, Guo H. Anthocyanin supplementation improves obesity-related inflammatory characteristics: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Res 2023; 116:1-11. [PMID: 37320946 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between anthocyanin intake and obesity-related inflammatory markers remains unclear in existing research. To investigate this, we hypothesized that anthocyanin supplementation could reduce plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and other cytokines in obesity. We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SinoMed, and other related literature and identified 16 randomized controlled trials that met our inclusion criteria. Our findings showed that anthocyanin intake was significantly associated with a reduction in vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 mean plasma concentrations (-53.56 ng/mL; 95% confidence interval [CI], -82.10 to -25.03). We also observed a modest decrease in CRP (-0.27 ng/mL; 95% CI, -0.58 to 0.05), TNF-α (-0.20 ng/mL; 95% CI, -0.54 to 0.15), and IL-6 (-0.53 ng/mL; 95% CI, -1.16 to 0.10) mean plasma concentrations. Subgroup analysis revealed that anthocyanin intake tended to decrease CRP and IL-6 concentrations in overweight or dyslipidemic individuals. Additionally, the intervention duration subgroup analysis showed that anthocyanin supplementation had a stronger effect on plasma IL-6 and TNF-α in participants after 8 to 12 weeks of intervention. In conclusion, our meta-analysis indicated that anthocyanin supplementation can effectively reduce obesity-related inflammatory markers associated with chronic low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhan Song
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Qianhua Yuan
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Meiqing Mai
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Mengliu Luo
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Honghui Guo
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
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26
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Pasdaran A, Zare M, Hamedi A, Hamedi A. A Review of the Chemistry and Biological Activities of Natural Colorants, Dyes, and Pigments: Challenges, and Opportunities for Food, Cosmetics, and Pharmaceutical Application. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300561. [PMID: 37471105 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Natural pigments are important sources for the screening of bioactive lead compounds. This article reviewed the chemistry and therapeutic potentials of over 570 colored molecules from plants, fungi, bacteria, insects, algae, and marine sources. Moreover, related biological activities, advanced extraction, and identification approaches were reviewed. A variety of biological activities, including cytotoxicity against cancer cells, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, anti-microbial, antiviral, and anti-protozoal activities, have been reported for different pigments. Considering their structural backbone, they were classified as naphthoquinones, carotenoids, flavonoids, xanthones, anthocyanins, benzotropolones, alkaloids, terpenoids, isoprenoids, and non-isoprenoids. Alkaloid pigments were mostly isolated from bacteria and marine sources, while flavonoids were mostly found in plants and mushrooms. Colored quinones and xanthones were mostly extracted from plants and fungi, while colored polyketides and terpenoids are often found in marine sources and fungi. Carotenoids are mostly distributed among bacteria, followed by fungi and plants. The pigments isolated from insects have different structures, but among them, carotenoids and quinone/xanthone are the most important. Considering good manufacturing practices, the current permitted natural colorants are: Carotenoids (canthaxanthin, β-carotene, β-apo-8'-carotenal, annatto, astaxanthin) and their sources, lycopene, anthocyanins, betanin, chlorophyllins, spirulina extract, carmine and cochineal extract, henna, riboflavin, pyrogallol, logwood extract, guaiazulene, turmeric, and soy leghemoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardalan Pasdaran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Zare
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student research committee, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azar Hamedi
- School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azadeh Hamedi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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27
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Kiani Z, Amini S, Askari G, Kesharwani P, Bagherniya M, Sahebkar A. The effect of phytochemicals in prediabetic patients: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2023; 37:3239-3261. [PMID: 37246835 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to perform a systematic review to evaluate the effect of phytochemical consumption on the cardiometabolic parameters of prediabetic patients. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus and ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar up to June 2022 to find randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of phytochemicals alone or in combination with other nutraceuticals on prediabetic patients. Twenty-three studies with 31 treatment arms comprising 2177 individuals were included in this study. Totally, in 21 arms, phytochemicals had positive effects on at least one measured cardiometabolic factor. In 13 out of 25 arms, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and in 10 out of 22 arms, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) significantly decreased compared with the control group. Furthermore, phytochemicals had beneficial effects on 2-h postprandial and postprandial glucose, serum insulin, insulin sensitivity, and insulin resistance as well as inflammatory factors including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Triglyceride (TG) was the abundant improved factor in the lipid profile. However, no sufficient evidence for notable positive effects of phytochemicals on blood pressure and anthropometry indices was observed. Phytochemical supplementation may have beneficial impacts on prediabetic patients by ameliorating glycemic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Kiani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sepide Amini
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, India
| | - Mohammad Bagherniya
- Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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28
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Ansari P, Samia JF, Khan JT, Rafi MR, Rahman MS, Rahman AB, Abdel-Wahab YHA, Seidel V. Protective Effects of Medicinal Plant-Based Foods against Diabetes: A Review on Pharmacology, Phytochemistry, and Molecular Mechanisms. Nutrients 2023; 15:3266. [PMID: 37513684 PMCID: PMC10383178 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) comprises a range of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood glucose levels caused by defects in insulin release, insulin action, or both. DM is a widespread condition that affects a substantial portion of the global population, causing high morbidity and mortality rates. The prevalence of this major public health crisis is predicted to increase in the forthcoming years. Although several drugs are available to manage DM, these are associated with adverse side effects, which limits their use. In underdeveloped countries, where such drugs are often costly and not widely available, many people continue to rely on alternative traditional medicine, including medicinal plants. The latter serves as a source of primary healthcare and plant-based foods in many low- and middle-income countries. Interestingly, many of the phytochemicals they contain have been demonstrated to possess antidiabetic activity such as lowering blood glucose levels, stimulating insulin secretion, and alleviating diabetic complications. Therefore, such plants may provide protective effects that could be used in the management of DM. The purpose of this article was to review the medicinal plant-based foods traditionally used for the management of DM, including their therapeutic effects, pharmacologically active phytoconstituents, and antidiabetic mode of action at the molecular level. It also presents future avenues for research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prawej Ansari
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Jannatul F Samia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Joyeeta T Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Musfiqur R Rafi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sifat Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Akib B Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | | | - Veronique Seidel
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
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29
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Merecz-Sadowska A, Sitarek P, Kowalczyk T, Zajdel K, Jęcek M, Nowak P, Zajdel R. Food Anthocyanins: Malvidin and Its Glycosides as Promising Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Agents with Potential Health Benefits. Nutrients 2023; 15:3016. [PMID: 37447342 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are flavonoid compounds that are abundantly present in fruits and vegetables. These compounds contribute to the color of these foods and offer various health benefits to consumers due to their biological properties. There are more than 1000 types of anthocyanins in nature, all derived from 27 anthocyanidin aglycones that have different glycosylations and acylations. Malvidin is one of the most well-known anthocyanidins. Several studies, including those conducted on cell lines, animals, and humans, have suggested that malvidin and its glycosides possess anti-carcinogenic, diabetes-control, cardiovascular-disease-prevention, and brain-function-improvement properties. These health benefits are primarily attributed to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which are influenced by the molecular mechanisms related to the expression and modulation of critical genes. In this article, we review the available information on the biological activity of malvidin and its glycosides concerning their health-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Merecz-Sadowska
- Department of Economic and Medical Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Zajdel
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-645 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mariusz Jęcek
- Department of Economic and Medical Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Nowak
- Department of Economic and Medical Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland
| | - Radosław Zajdel
- Department of Economic and Medical Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland
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30
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Cheng MZSZ, Amin FAZ, Zawawi N, Chan KW, Ismail N, Ishak NA, Esa NM. Stingless Bee ( Heterotrigona Itama) Honey and Its Phenolic-Rich Extract Ameliorate Oxidant-Antioxidant Balance via KEAP1-NRF2 Signalling Pathway. Nutrients 2023; 15:2835. [PMID: 37447162 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants, leading to oxidative stress. This imbalance contributes to the development and progression of diabetic complications. Similarly, renal and liver diseases are characterised by oxidative stress, where an excess of oxidants overwhelms the antioxidant defense mechanisms, causing tissue damage and dysfunction. Restoring the oxidant-antioxidant balance is essential for mitigating oxidative stress-related damage under these conditions. In this current study, the efficacy of stingless bee honey (SBH) and its phenolic-rich extract (PRE) in controlling the oxidant-antioxidant balance in high-fat diet- and streptozotocin/nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats was investigated. The administration of SBH and PRE improved systemic antioxidant defense and oxidative stress-related measures without compromising liver and renal functioning. Analyses of the liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissues revealed differences in their capacities to scavenge free radicals and halt lipid peroxidation. Transcriptional alterations hypothesised tissue-specific control of KEAP1-NRF2 signalling by upregulation of Nrf2, Ho1 and Sod1 in a tissue-specific manner. In addition, hepatic translational studies demonstrated the stimulation of downstream antioxidant-related protein with upregulated expression of SOD-1 and HOD-1 protein. Overall, the results indicated that PRE and SBH can be exploited to restore the oxidant-antioxidant imbalance generated by diabetes via regulating the KEAP1-NRF2 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatin Aina Zulkhairi Amin
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norhasnida Zawawi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kim Wei Chan
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norsharina Ismail
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Akmal Ishak
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Center of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norhaizan Mohd Esa
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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Alruhaimi RS, Mostafa-Hedeab G, Abduh MS, Bin-Ammar A, Hassanein EHM, Kamel EM, Mahmoud AM. A flavonoid-rich fraction of Euphorbia peplus attenuates hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress in a type 2 diabetes rat model. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1204641. [PMID: 37397470 PMCID: PMC10311489 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1204641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance (IR) and hyperglycemia. Plants are valuable sources of therapeutic agents for the management of T2D. Euphorbia peplus has been widely used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases, but its beneficial role in T2D has not been fully explored. Methods: The anti-diabetic efficacy of E. peplus extract (EPE) was studied using rats with T2D induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ). The diabetic rats received 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg EPE for 4 weeks. Results: Phytochemical fractionation of the aerial parts of E. peplus led to the isolation of seven known flavonoids. Rats with T2D exhibited IR, impaired glucose tolerance, decreased liver hexokinase and glycogen, and upregulated glycogen phosphorylase, glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase), and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (F-1,6-BPase). Treatment with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg EPE for 4 weeks ameliorated hyperglycemia, IR, liver glycogen, and the activities of carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes. EPE attenuated dyslipidemia, serum transaminases, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and liver lipid accumulation, nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65, and lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide and enhanced antioxidants. All EPE doses upregulated serum adiponectin and liver peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in HFD/STZ-induced rats. The isolated flavonoids showed in silico binding affinity toward hexokinase, NF-κB, and PPARγ. Conclusion: E. peplus is rich in flavonoids, and its extract ameliorated IR, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, inflammation and redox imbalance, and upregulated adiponectin and PPARγ in rats with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem S. Alruhaimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab
- Pharmacology Department, Medical College, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Maisa Siddiq Abduh
- Immune Responses in Different Diseases Research Group, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Albandari Bin-Ammar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad H. M. Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Emadeldin M. Kamel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ayman M. Mahmoud
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Neyestani TR, Yari Z, Rasekhi H, Nikooyeh B. How effective are anthocyanins on healthy modification of cardiometabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:106. [PMID: 37221605 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this meta-analysis, findings from recent studies on the preventive properties of anthocyanins (ACN) against cardiovascular disease are summarized. METHODS MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched and 2512 studies were found in a preliminary search. After screening of titles and abstracts, 47 studies met the inclusion criteria (randomized clinical trial design and sufficient data of outcomes). Studies were excluded based on the following criteria: incomplete data; obscurely reported outcomes, or lack of control groups; and animal studies. RESULTS The results showed that intervention with ACNs resulted in a significant decrease in body mass index ((MD),- 0.21; 95% CI, - 0.38, - 0.04; P < 0.001) and body fat mass (MD: - 0.3%, 95% CI - 0.42 to - 0.18%, p < 0.001). Pooled data comparing ACN with control showed statistically significant effect on fasting blood sugar and HbA1c. However, the reductions were significantly more in the subjects with type 2 diabetes and in those who used ACN as supplement/extract. The subgroup analysis test showed that there was a significant effect of ACN on triglyceride concentrations, total cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C concentrations in all subgroups of participants (with vs. without dyslipidemia at baseline) and intervention type (supplement/extract vs. food). However, we did not observe any significant effect on apo A and apo B concentrations. CONCLUSIONS ACN intake in the forms of natural foods and supplements can induce healthy changes in body fat mass, glycemic and lipidemic status and these effects are more prominent in the subjects with above-normal values. This meta-analysis was registered at http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/Prospero (Registration no. CRD42021286466).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirang R Neyestani
- Nutrition Research Department, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 198161957, Iran
| | - Zahra Yari
- Nutrition Research Department, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 198161957, Iran
| | - Hamid Rasekhi
- Nutrition Research Department, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 198161957, Iran
| | - Bahareh Nikooyeh
- Nutrition Research Department, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 198161957, Iran.
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Naz R, Saqib F, Awadallah S, Wahid M, Latif MF, Iqbal I, Mubarak MS. Food Polyphenols and Type II Diabetes Mellitus: Pharmacology and Mechanisms. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28103996. [PMID: 37241737 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28103996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II diabetes mellitus and its related complications are growing public health problems. Many natural products present in our diet, including polyphenols, can be used in treating and managing type II diabetes mellitus and different diseases, owing to their numerous biological properties. Anthocyanins, flavonols, stilbenes, curcuminoids, hesperidin, hesperetin, naringenin, and phenolic acids are common polyphenols found in blueberries, chokeberries, sea-buckthorn, mulberries, turmeric, citrus fruits, and cereals. These compounds exhibit antidiabetic effects through different pathways. Accordingly, this review presents an overview of the most recent developments in using food polyphenols for managing and treating type II diabetes mellitus, along with various mechanisms. In addition, the present work summarizes the literature about the anti-diabetic effect of food polyphenols and evaluates their potential as complementary or alternative medicines to treat type II diabetes mellitus. Results obtained from this survey show that anthocyanins, flavonols, stilbenes, curcuminoids, and phenolic acids can manage diabetes mellitus by protecting pancreatic β-cells against glucose toxicity, promoting β-cell proliferation, reducing β-cell apoptosis, and inhibiting α-glucosidases or α-amylase. In addition, these phenolic compounds exhibit antioxidant anti-inflammatory activities, modulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, optimize oxidative stress, reduce insulin resistance, and stimulate the pancreas to secrete insulin. They also activate insulin signaling and inhibit digestive enzymes, regulate intestinal microbiota, improve adipose tissue metabolism, inhibit glucose absorption, and inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products. However, insufficient data are available on the effective mechanisms necessary to manage diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Naz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Saqib
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Samir Awadallah
- Department of Medical Lab Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan
| | - Muqeet Wahid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farhaj Latif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Iram Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
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Wang Y, Sui Z, Wang M, Liu P. Natural products in attenuating renal inflammation via inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome in diabetic kidney disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1196016. [PMID: 37215100 PMCID: PMC10196020 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1196016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a prevalent and severe complications of diabetes and serves as the primary cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) globally. Increasing evidence indicates that renal inflammation is critical in the pathogenesis of DKD. The nucleotide - binding oligomerization domain (NOD) - like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is the most extensively researched inflammasome complex and is considered a crucial regulator in the pathogenesis of DKD. The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is regulated by various signaling pathways, including NF- κB, thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), and non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), among others. Natural products are chemicals extracted from living organisms in nature, and they typically possess pharmacological and biological activities. They are invaluable sources for drug design and development. Research has demonstrated that many natural products can alleviate DKD by targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome. In this review, we highlight the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in DKD, and the pathways by which natural products fight against DKD via inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome activation, so as to provide novel insights for the treatment of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhun Sui
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Beijing, China
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Posadino AM, Giordo R, Ramli I, Zayed H, Nasrallah GK, Wehbe Z, Eid AH, Gürer ES, Kennedy JF, Aldahish AA, Calina D, Razis AFA, Modu B, Habtemariam S, Sharifi-Rad J, Pintus G, Cho WC. An updated overview of cyanidins for chemoprevention and cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114783. [PMID: 37121149 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are colored polyphenolic compounds that belong to the flavonoids family and are largely present in many vegetables and fruits. They have been used in traditional medicine in many cultures for a long time. The most common and abundant anthocyanins are those presenting an O-glycosylation at C-3 (C ring) of the flavonoid skeleton to form -O-β-glucoside derivatives. The present comprehensive review summarized recent data on the anticancer properties of cyanidings along with natural sources, phytochemical data, traditional medical applications, molecular mechanisms and recent nanostrategies to increase the bioavailability and anticancer effects of cyanidins. For this analysis, in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies published up to the year 2022 were sourced from scientific databases and search engines such as PubMed/Medline, Google scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, Wiley and TRIP database. Cyanidins' antitumor properties are exerted during different stages of carcinogenesis and are based on a wide variety of biological activities. The data gathered and discussed in this review allows for affirming that cyanidins have relevant anticancer activity in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. Future research should focus on studies that bring new data on improving the bioavailability of anthocyanins and on conducting detailed translational pharmacological studies to accurately establish the effective anticancer dose in humans as well as the correct route of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Posadino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberta Giordo
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 505055 Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Iman Ramli
- Département de Biologie Animale, Université des frères Mentouri Constantine 1, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zena Wehbe
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Research Institute, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eda Sönmez Gürer
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Sivas, Turkey
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories, Advanced Science and Technology Institute, Kyrewood House, Tenbury Wells, Worcs WR15 8FF, UK
| | - Afaf Ahmed Aldahish
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Asir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Babagana Modu
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, 1069 Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research & Herbal Analysis Services UK, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | | | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Huang H, Luo Y, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Li Z, He R, Chen X, Dong Z. Vaccinium as Potential Therapy for Diabetes and Microvascular Complications. Nutrients 2023; 15:2031. [PMID: 37432140 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most critical global health concerns, with a fast-growing prevalence. The incidence of diabetic vascular complications is also rapidly increasing, exacerbating the burden on individuals with diabetes and the consumption of public medical resources. Despite the overall improvements in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diabetic microvascular complications in recent years, safe and effective alternative or adjunctive therapies are urgently needed. The mechanisms underlying diabetic vascular complications are complex, with hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and inflammation being the leading causes. Therefore, glycemic control, antioxidation, and anti-inflammation are considered the main targets for the treatment of diabetes and its vascular comorbidities. Vaccinium L. (Ericaceae) is a genus of plants enriched with polyphenolic compounds in their leaves and fruits. Vaccinium and its extracts have demonstrated good bioactivity in reducing blood glucose, oxidative stress, and inflammation, making them excellent candidates for the management of diabetes and diabetic vascular complications. Here, we review recent preclinical and clinical studies on the potential effect of Vaccinium on ameliorating diabetes and diabetic complications, particularly diabetic kidney disease and diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yayong Luo
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, No. 3 Kehui 3rd Street, No. 99 Kexue Avenue Central, Huangpu District, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Zhongxia Li
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, No. 3 Kehui 3rd Street, No. 99 Kexue Avenue Central, Huangpu District, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Ruikun He
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, No. 3 Kehui 3rd Street, No. 99 Kexue Avenue Central, Huangpu District, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zheyi Dong
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
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Essa MM, Bishir M, Bhat A, Chidambaram SB, Al-Balushi B, Hamdan H, Govindarajan N, Freidland RP, Qoronfleh MW. Functional foods and their impact on health. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:820-834. [PMID: 36908338 PMCID: PMC9998796 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05193-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Functional foods play an important role in maintaining a healthy lifestyle and reducing the risk factors of various diseases. Most foods have a functional element which is responsible for improving the healthy state. All food substances such as fruits, vegetables, cereals, meat, fish, dairy contain functional ingredients. A wide range of naturally occurring substances from plant and animal sources having active components which play a role in physiological actions deserve attention for their optimal use in maintaining health. The market for functional food is keep on expanding, and the global market is projected to reach a value of at least 91 billion USD soon. Overwhelming evidence from preclinical (in vitro and in vivo) and clinical studies have shown that intake of functional foods could have an impact on the prevention of chronic diseases, especially cancer, cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal tract disorders and neurological diseases. Extensive research needs to be done to determine the potential health benefits for the proper application of these foods to improve health state and combat chronic disease progression. The aim of this review is to conduct a thorough literature survey, to understand the various classification of functional foods and their health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O 34, Al-Khoud, Muscat, 123 Sultanate of Oman
| | - Muhammed Bishir
- Dept. of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Abid Bhat
- Dept. of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Dept. of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Buthaina Al-Balushi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Hamdan Hamdan
- Department of Physiology, Al Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Nagamaniammai Govindarajan
- Department of Food Process Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpettu, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Robert P. Freidland
- Department of Neurology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
| | - M. Walid Qoronfleh
- Q3CG Research Institute (QRI), Research and Policy Division, 7227 Rachel Drive, Ypsilanti, MI 48917 USA
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Sun M, Li D, Hua M, Miao X, Su Y, Chi Y, Li Y, Sun R, Niu H, Wang J. Analysis of the alleviating effect of black bean peel anthocyanins on type 2 diabetes based on gut microbiota and serum metabolome. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
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Dadkhah Tehrani S, Shojaei M, Bagherniya M, Pirro M, Sahebkar A. The effects of phytochemicals on serum triglycerides in subjects with hypertriglyceridemia: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2023; 37:1640-1662. [PMID: 36756995 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of phytochemicals on lipid parameters in patients with hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar from inception up to October 2021 to recognize randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of phytochemicals on lipid profiles in patients with HTG. Forty-eight RCTs including 53 arms and comprising 3,478 HTG patients met the eligibility criteria. Phytochemicals significantly reduced the serum levels of triglycerides in 32 out 53 arms, total cholesterol in 22 out of 51, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in 21 out of 48, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in 1 out of 5, apolipoprotein B in 2 out of 4, and lipoprotein(a) levels in 2 out of 4 arms. Furthermore, phytochemicals supplementation increased the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in 15 out of 48 arms. In brief, phytochemicals supplementation might have beneficial effects on HTG. In most of the studies, phytochemicals had a favorable effect on at least one of the lipid parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Dadkhah Tehrani
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Shojaei
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagherniya
- Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, fahan, Iran
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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40
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Effect of anthocyanins on gut health markers, Firmicutes-Bacteroidetes ratio and short-chain fatty acids: a systematic review via meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1729. [PMID: 36720989 PMCID: PMC9889808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28764-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Researchers discovered that diets rich in anthocyanin-rich fruits and vegetables significantly impacted gut flora. To conclude, large-scale randomized controlled clinical trials are challenging to conduct; therefore, merging data from multiple small studies may aid. A systematic review collects and analyses all research on a particular subject and design. This comprehensive review and meta-analysis examined the influence of dietary anthocyanins on Firmicutes/Bacteroide (Fir/Bac) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) content. The current meta-analysis followed the guidelines of PRISMA-the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Diets high in anthocyanins substantially reduced the Fir/Bac ratio in the assessed trials. Among three SCFAs, the highest impact was observed on acetic acid, followed by propionic acid, and then butanoic acid. The meta-analysis results also obtained sufficient heterogeneity, as indicated by I2 values. There is strong evidence that anthocyanin supplementation improves rodent gut health biomarkers (Fir/Bac and SCFAs), reducing obesity-induced gut dysbiosis, as revealed in this systematic review/meta-analysis. Anthocyanin intervention duration and dosage significantly influenced the Fir/Bac ratio and SCFA. Anthocyanin-rich diets were more effective when consumed over an extended period and at a high dosage.
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Yarhosseini F, Darand M, Sangsefidi ZS, Mozaffari‐Khosravi H, Hosseinzadeh M. Does anthocyanins consumption affect weight and body composition? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obes Sci Pract 2023; 9:42-58. [PMID: 36789026 PMCID: PMC9913187 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Anthocyanins (ACNs) are water-soluble plant pigments belong to flavonoids with beneficial effects on health and disease prevention. Some studies have examined the effect of ACNs on anthropometric and body composition indices, but the findings were inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of ACNs and sources rich in anthocyanins on body mass index (BMI), body weight (BW), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), percentage of fat mass (PFM) and fat free mass (FFM). Methods PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched with no limitation until May 2021 to find relevant randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT). The risk of bias was assessed utilizing Cochrane collaboration's tool. Weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained using a random effects model. Results A total of 31 RCTs (with 0.77-640 mg/day of ACNs supplementation for 28-90 days) with 1438 participants were included. No significant effect was found in BMI, WC, HC, WHR, PFM and FFM after ACNs consumption. Conclusions The results showed that ACNs did not significantly affect anthropometric and body composition parameters. Further high-quality RCTs are required to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Yarhosseini
- Nutrition and Food Security Research CenterShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran,Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
| | - Mina Darand
- Department of Clinical NutritionSchool of Nutrition and Food ScienceFood Security Research CenterIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Zohreh Sadat Sangsefidi
- Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthNorth Khorasan University of Medical SciencesBojnurdIran
| | - Hassan Mozaffari‐Khosravi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research CenterShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran,Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
| | - Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research CenterShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran,Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
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Sangild J, Faldborg A, Schousboe C, Fedder MDK, Christensen LP, Lausdahl AK, Arnspang EC, Gregersen S, Jakobsen HB, Knudsen UB, Fedder J. Effects of Chokeberries ( Aronia spp.) on Cytoprotective and Cardiometabolic Markers and Semen Quality in 109 Mildly Hypercholesterolemic Danish Men: A Prospective, Double-Blinded, Randomized, Crossover Trial. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12010373. [PMID: 36615174 PMCID: PMC9821700 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chokeberries (Aronia spp.) are known to exhibit both direct and indirect antioxidant properties and have been associated with beneficial effects on human health, including cardiovascular risk factors (inflammation, serum lipids, sugars, blood pressure), oxidative stress, and semen quality. This prospective, double-blinded, randomized, crossover clinical trial was conducted to elucidate the effects of Aronia supplementation on these health targets in mildly hypercholesterolemic men. Methods: The standardized Aronia supplementation comprised three wild Aronia spp. (A. arbutifolia, A prunifolia and A. melanocarpa) and the Aronia hybrid × Sorbaronia mitschurinii (standardized to 150 mg anthocyanins daily). Participants (n = 109) were healthy men with respect to all outcome targets except for the total cholesterol level (5.0−7.0 mM). Participants were randomized to supplementation with either Aronia or placebo for 90 days, followed by a wash-out period and lastly the complementary supplementation. Effects on the health parameters were compared among both the whole group of men and in subgroups according to age, body mass index (BMI), lifestyle, dietary habits, and serum glutathione levels at baseline. The study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov.: NCT03405753. Results: Glutathione levels were significantly improved after 90 days intake of Aronia supplementation compared to placebo in the subgroup of men with a low level of glutathione at baseline (p = 0.038) and a high coffee intake (p = 0.045). A significant decrease in levels of sperm DNA fragmentation and an increase in the percentage of motile sperm were observed in men aged >40 and in men with BMI > 25. Further, these parameters were significantly improved in the dietary subgroup defined by a high level of coffee intake. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels decreased significantly in men <40 years after Aronia supplementation. No statistically significant effects were observed regarding blood pressure, markers of blood sugar regulation, hemoglobin A1c, superoxide dismutase, catalase, isoprostane levels, high sensitivity C reactive protein, or other semen parameters. Conclusions: This study demonstrated a significant increase in glutathione levels and improvement of cytoprotective targets following Aronia supplementation in specific subgroups of men >40 years of age and BMI > 25 but did not demonstrate a significant effect in the overall analysis. The observed concurrent increase in glutathione levels and improvement of cytoprotective targets following Aronia supplementation in subgroups of men, suggests that the endogenous phase II antioxidant glutathione is involved in the modulation of the observed cytoprotective effects. This study is a good foundation for further investigation of these cytoprotective effects in groups with oxidative stress in a dose−response study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Sangild
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Faldborg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Schousboe
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Lars Porskjær Christensen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Astrid Komal Lausdahl
- Department of Green Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Eva Christensen Arnspang
- Department of Green Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Søren Gregersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Ulla Breth Knudsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fertility Clinic, Horsens Regional Hospital, DK-8700 Horsens, Denmark
| | - Jens Fedder
- Centre of Andrology, Fertility Clinic, Department D, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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Szewczuk NA, Duchowicz PR, Pomilio AB, Lobayan RM. Resonance structure contributions, flexibility, and frontier molecular orbitals (HOMO-LUMO) of pelargonidin, cyanidin, and delphinidin throughout the conformational space: application to antioxidant and antimutagenic activities. J Mol Model 2022; 29:2. [PMID: 36480114 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05392-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This research refers to the study and understanding of the conformational space of the positive-charged anthocyanidin structures in relation with the known chemical reactivities and bioactivities of these compounds. Therefore, the planar (P) and nonplanar (Z) conformers of the three hydroxylated anthocyanidins pelargonidin, cyanidin, and delphinidin were analyzed throughout the conformational space at the B3LYP/6-311 ++ G** level of theory. The outcome displayed eleven new conformers for pelargonidin, fifty-four for cyanidin, and thirty-one for delphinidin. Positive-charged quinoidal structures showed a significant statistical weight in the conformational space, thus coexisting simultaneously with other resonance structures, such that under certain reaction conditions, the anthocyanidins behave as positive-charged quinoidal structures instead of oxonium salts. The calculations of the permanent dipole moment and the polarizability showed relationships with the quantity and arrangement of hydroxyls in the structure. In addition, theoretical calculations were used to analyze the frontier molecular orbitals (HOMO-LUMO) of the three anthocyanidins. The novel conception of this work lies in the fact that dipole moment, polarizability, and HOMO-LUMO values were related to the reactivity/bioactivity of these three anthocyanidins. HOMO-LUMO energy gaps were useful to explain the antioxidant activity, while the percent atom contributions to HOMO were appropriate to demonstrate the antimutagenic activity as enzyme inhibitors, as well as the steric and electrostatic requirements to form the pharmacophore. Delphinidin was the strongest antioxidant anthocyanidin, and pelargonidin the best anthocyanidin with antimutagenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas A Szewczuk
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Diag. 113 Y 64, C.C. 16, Sucursal 4, B1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Pablo R Duchowicz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Diag. 113 Y 64, C.C. 16, Sucursal 4, B1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Alicia B Pomilio
- Laboratorio de Química y Bioquímica Estructural, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Área Hematología, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120AAF, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosana M Lobayan
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Avda. Libertad 5300, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina.
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Type 2 Diabetes mellitus alters the cargo of (poly)phenol metabolome and the oxidative status in circulating lipoproteins. Redox Biol 2022; 59:102572. [PMID: 36516720 PMCID: PMC9762197 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes on the worldwide population has tripled in the past 5 decades. While drug-based therapies are valuable strategies to treat and ease the socio-economic burden of diabetes, nutritional strategies offer valuable alternatives to prevent and manage diabetes onset and contribute to the sustainability of health budgets. Whilst, intervention studies have shown that (poly)phenol-rich diets improve fasting glucose levels and other blood parameters, very little is known about the distribution of ingested polyphenols in circulation and the impact of diabetes on its cargo. In this study we investigate the impact of type 2 diabetes on the cargo of plasma (poly)phenols. Our results show that phenolic compounds are heterogeneously distributed in circulation though mainly transported by lipoprotein populations. We also found that diabetes has a marked effect on the phenolic content transported by VLDL resulting in the decrease in the content of flavonoids and consequently a decrease in the antioxidant capacity. In addition to the reduced bioavailability of (poly)phenol metabolites and increase of oxidative status in LDL and HDL populations in diabetes, cell-based assays show that sub-micromolar amounts of microbial (poly)phenol metabolites are able to counteract the pro-inflammatory status in glucose-challenged endothelial cells. Our findings highlight the relevance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in the transport and delivery of bioactive plant-based compounds to the endothelium in T2DM supporting the adoption of nutritional guidelines as an alternative strategy to drug-based therapeutic approaches.
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Evaluation of Anti-Hyperglycemia and Complications of Red and Black Thai Jasmine Rice Cultivars in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228043. [PMID: 36432144 PMCID: PMC9699537 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The phytochemical constituents of red (RR) and black (BR) rice extracts were determined using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of catechin, rutin, isoquercetin, cyanidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside, peonidin and quercetin. The anti-diabetic activities of RR and BR extracts on diabetic complications were examined in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. Rats (n = 80) were divided into 10 groups (n = 8 rats per group). Healthy and diabetic RR or BR-treated groups received 10, 50, or 200 mg of RR or BR per kg of body weight daily for 45 days. The results demonstrated significantly improved glucose control in rats administered RR or BR, while triglyceride and cholesterol levels were reduced in the diabetic groups. Moreover, RR or BR treatment led to decreased levels of malondialdehyde, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine. Further, glutathione concentration was significantly increased in both serum and liver tissue from RR- and BR-treated diabetic rats.
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Boscaro V, Rivoira M, Sgorbini B, Bordano V, Dadone F, Gallicchio M, Pons A, Benetti E, Rosa AC. Evidence-Based Anti-Diabetic Properties of Plant from the Occitan Valleys of the Piedmont Alps. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2371. [PMID: 36365189 PMCID: PMC9693256 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Data on urban and rural diabetes prevalence ratios show a significantly lower presence of diabetes in rural areas. Several bioactive compounds of plant origin are known to exert anti-diabetic properties. Interestingly, most of them naturally occur in different plants present in mountainous areas and are linked to traditions of herbal use. This review will aim to evaluate the last 10 years of evidence-based data on the potential anti-diabetic properties of 9 plants used in the Piedmont Alps (North-Western Italy) and identified through an ethnobotanical approach, based on the Occitan language minority of the Cuneo province (Sambucus nigra L., Achillea millefolium L., Cornus mas L., Vaccinium myrtillus L., Fragaria vesca L., Rosa canina L., Rubus idaeus L., Rubus fruticosus/ulmifolius L., Urtica dioica L.), where there is a long history of herbal remedies. The mechanism underlying the anti-hyperglycemic effects and the clinical evidence available are discussed. Overall, this review points to the possible use of these plants as preventive or add-on therapy in treating diabetes. However, studies of a single variety grown in the geographical area, with strict standardization and titration of all the active ingredients, are warranted before applying the WHO strategy 2014-2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Boscaro
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Rivoira
- Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, University of Turin, Via Sant’Ottavio 20, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Atlante Linguistico Italiano (ALI), Via Sant’Ottavio 20, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Sgorbini
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Bordano
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Dadone
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Margherita Gallicchio
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Aline Pons
- Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, University of Turin, Via Sant’Ottavio 20, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Benetti
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Arianna Carolina Rosa
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
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Effects of a (poly)phenol-rich supplement on anthropometric, biochemical, and inflammatory parameters in participants with morbid obesity: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2022; 30:101034. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2022.101034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Aboufarrag H, Hollands WJ, Percival J, Philo M, Savva GM, Kroon PA. No Effect of Isolated Anthocyanins from Bilberry Fruit and Black Rice on LDL Cholesterol or other Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults with Elevated Cholesterol: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2101157. [PMID: 35385209 PMCID: PMC9788215 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Some dietary interventions with berry fruits, berry fruit extracts, and purified anthocyanins have been reported to beneficially alter lipoprotein profiles in hyperlipidemic participants. The major anthocyanins in human diets are glycosides of cyanidin and delphinidin, and structure can influence both absorption and bioactivity. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of two major types of anthocyanins on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and other cardiometabolic markers for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in hyperlipidemic individuals. METHODS AND RESULTS Fifty-two hyperlipidemic participants complete this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, three arm crossover trial. Participants ingest capsules containing 320 mg of anthocyanins (bilberry trihydroxy-type or black rice dihydroxy-type) or placebo once daily for 28 days. Biomarkers of CVD risk are measured before and after the intervention period. Compared to the placebo, neither anthocyanin treatment significantly (p < 0.05) changes circulating levels of lipoproteins (total-/high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-/low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, Apolipoprotein B (ApoB)), biomarkers of glycemic control (fasting glucose, fructosamine), biomarkers of HDL function (ApoA1, HDL3, paraoxonase-1 (PON1) arylesterase, and lactonase activities), or plasma bile acids. CONCLUSIONS These data do not support the notion that regular consumption of anthocyanins beneficially affects glycemic control or lipoprotein profiles or functions. It is possible the no effect observation is due to the relatively short duration of treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Aboufarrag
- Quadram Institute BioscienceNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UQUK,Food Science and Technology DepartmentFaculty of AgricultureAlexandria UniversityAlexandria23511Egypt
| | | | - Jasmine Percival
- Quadram Institute BioscienceNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UQUK
| | - Mark Philo
- Quadram Institute BioscienceNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UQUK
| | - George M. Savva
- Quadram Institute BioscienceNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UQUK
| | - Paul A. Kroon
- Quadram Institute BioscienceNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UQUK
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Shi L, Zhao W, Yang Z, Subbiah V, Suleria HAR. Extraction and characterization of phenolic compounds and their potential antioxidant activities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:81112-81129. [PMID: 36201076 PMCID: PMC9606084 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23337-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
For thousands of years, plant has been widely applied in the medical area and is an important part of human diet. A high content of nutrients could be found in all kinds of plants, and the most outstanding group of nutrients that attracts scientists' attention is the high level of phenolic compounds. Due to the relationship between high phenolic compound content and high antioxidant capacity, plant extracts are expected to become a potential treatment for oxidation stress diseases including diabetes and cancer. However, according to the instability of phenolic compounds to light and oxygen, there are certain difficulties in the extraction of such compounds. But after many years of development, the extraction technology of phenolic compounds has been quite stable, and the only problem is how to obtain high-quality extracts with high efficiency. To further enhance the value of plant extracts, concentration and separation methods are often applied, and when detailed analysis is required, characterization methods including HPLC and LC/GC-MS will be applied to evaluate the number and type of phenolic compounds. A series of antioxidant assays are widely performed in numerous studies to test the antioxidant capacity of the plant extracts, which is also an important basis for evaluating value of extracts. This paper intends to provide a view of a variety of methods used in plants' phenolic compound extraction, separation, and characterization. Furthermore, this review presents the advantages and disadvantages of techniques involved in phenolic compound research and provides selected representative bibliographic examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghong Shi
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Wanrong Zhao
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Zihong Yang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Vigasini Subbiah
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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Vyletelová V, Nováková M, Pašková Ľ. Alterations of HDL's to piHDL's Proteome in Patients with Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, and HDL-Targeted Therapies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1278. [PMID: 36297390 PMCID: PMC9611871 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, steatohepatitis, periodontitis, chronic kidney disease, and others are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which persists even after accounting for traditional cardiac risk factors. The common factor linking these diseases to accelerated atherosclerosis is chronic systemic low-grade inflammation triggering changes in lipoprotein structure and metabolism. HDL, an independent marker of cardiovascular risk, is a lipoprotein particle with numerous important anti-atherogenic properties. Besides the essential role in reverse cholesterol transport, HDL possesses antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antithrombotic properties. Inflammation and inflammation-associated pathologies can cause modifications in HDL's proteome and lipidome, transforming HDL from atheroprotective into a pro-atherosclerotic lipoprotein. Therefore, a simple increase in HDL concentration in patients with inflammatory diseases has not led to the desired anti-atherogenic outcome. In this review, the functions of individual protein components of HDL, rendering them either anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory are described in detail. Alterations of HDL proteome (such as replacing atheroprotective proteins by pro-inflammatory proteins, or posttranslational modifications) in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases and their impact on cardiovascular health are discussed. Finally, molecular, and clinical aspects of HDL-targeted therapies, including those used in therapeutical practice, drugs in clinical trials, and experimental drugs are comprehensively summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ľudmila Pašková
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia
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