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Madani Hosseini M, Zargoush M, Ghazalbash S. Climate crisis risks to elderly health: strategies for effective promotion and response. Health Promot Int 2024; 39:daae031. [PMID: 38568732 PMCID: PMC10989664 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daae031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The climate crisis significantly impacts the health and well-being of older adults, both directly and indirectly. This issue is of growing concern in Canada due to the country's rapidly accelerating warming trend and expanding elderly population. This article serves a threefold purpose: (i) outlining the impacts of the climate crisis on older adults, (ii) providing a descriptive review of existing policies with a specific focus on the Canadian context, and (iii) promoting actionable recommendations. Our review reveals the application of current strategies, including early warning systems, enhanced infrastructure, sustainable urban planning, healthcare access, social support systems, and community engagement, in enhancing resilience and reducing health consequences among older adults. Within the Canadian context, we then emphasize the importance of establishing robust risk metrics and evaluation methods to prepare for and manage the impacts of the climate crisis efficiently. We underscore the value of vulnerability mapping, utilizing geographic information to identify regions where older adults are most at risk. This allows for targeted interventions and resource allocation. We recommend employing a root cause analysis approach to tailor risk response strategies, along with a focus on promoting awareness, readiness, physician training, and fostering collaboration and benchmarking. These suggestions aim to enhance disaster risk management for the well-being and resilience of older adults in the face of the climate crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Madani Hosseini
- Ted Rogers School of Management, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Manaf Zargoush
- Health Policy & Management, DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M4, Canada
| | - Somayeh Ghazalbash
- Management Analytics, Smith School of Business, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
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AYTA S. The Effect of Air Pollution and Climate Change on Sleep. Noro Psikiyatr Ars 2024; 61:73-76. [PMID: 38496226 PMCID: PMC10943933 DOI: 10.29399/npa.28523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Research has shown that air pollution and climate change affect both the duration and quality of sleep; threatens physical and mental health especially through respiratory, cardiovascular, and nervous systems; and shortens life expectancy. This review will begin with overall information on air pollution, climate change and sleep. Then, it will proceed with the effects of these two environmental issues on sleep, in the light of previous research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semih AYTA
- Spastic Children’s Foundation of Turkey, Consultant Neurologist, İstanbul, Turkey Right to Clean Air Platform - Turkish Neurological Society Representative, Ankara, Turkey
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Zeng J, Lin G, Dong H, Li M, Ruan H, Yang J. Association Between Nitrogen Dioxide Pollution and Cause-Specific Mortality in China: Cross-Sectional Time Series Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e44648. [PMID: 38315528 PMCID: PMC10877496 DOI: 10.2196/44648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) has been frequently linked to a range of diseases and associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity worldwide. However, there is limited evidence regarding the risk of NO2 on a spectrum of causes of mortality. Moreover, adjustment for potential confounders in NO2 analysis has been insufficient, and the spatial resolution of exposure assessment has been limited. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to quantitatively assess the relationship between short-term NO2 exposure and death from a range of causes by adjusting for potential confounders in Guangzhou, China, and determine the modifying effect of gender and age. METHODS A time series study was conducted on 413,703 deaths that occurred in Guangzhou during the period of 2010 to 2018. The causes of death were classified into 10 categories and 26 subcategories. We utilized a generalized additive model with quasi-Poisson regression analysis using a natural cubic splines function with lag structure of 0 to 4 days to estimate the potential lag effect of NO2 on cause-specific mortality. We estimated the percentage change in cause-specific mortality rates per 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2 levels. We stratified meteorological factors such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and air pressure into high and low levels with the median as the critical value and analyzed the effects of NO2 on various death-causing diseases at those high and low levels. To further identify potentially vulnerable subpopulations, we analyzed groups stratified by gender and age. RESULTS A significant association existed between NO2 exposure and deaths from multiple causes. Each 10 μg/m3 increment in NO2 density at a lag of 0 to 4 days increased the risks of all-cause mortality by 1.73% (95% CI 1.36%-2.09%) and mortality due to nonaccidental causes, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, endocrine disease, and neoplasms by 1.75% (95% CI 1.38%-2.12%), 2.06% (95% CI 1.54%-2.59%), 2.32% (95% CI 1.51%-3.13%), 2.40% (95% CI 0.84%-3.98%), and 1.18% (95% CI 0.59%-1.78%), respectively. Among the 26 subcategories, mortality risk was associated with 16, including intentional self-harm, hypertensive disease, and ischemic stroke disease. Relatively higher effect estimates of NO2 on mortality existed for low levels of temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and air pressure than with high levels, except a relatively higher effect estimate was present for endocrine disease at a high air pressure level. Most of the differences between subgroups were not statistically significant. The effect estimates for NO2 were similar by gender. There were significant differences between the age groups for mortality due to all causes, nonaccidental causes, and cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS Short-term NO2 exposure may increase the risk of mortality due to a spectrum of causes, especially in potentially vulnerable populations. These findings may be important for predicting and modifying guidelines for NO2 exposure in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zeng
- Department of Internet Medical Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guozhen Lin
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University and Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hang Dong
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University and Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honglian Ruan
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Yang
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Davis CD, Frazier C, Guennouni N, King R, Mast H, Plunkett EM, Quirk ZJ. Community Health Impacts From Natural Gas Pipeline Compressor Stations. GEOHEALTH 2023; 7:e2023GH000874. [PMID: 37915956 PMCID: PMC10616731 DOI: 10.1029/2023gh000874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Compressor stations maintain pressure along natural gas pipelines to sustain gas flow. Unfortunately, they present human health concerns as they release chemical pollutants into the air, sometimes at levels higher than national air quality standards. Further, compressor stations are often placed in rural areas with higher levels of poverty and/or minority populations, contributing to environmental justice concerns. In this paper we investigate what chemical pollutants are emitted by compressor stations, the impacts of emitted pollutants on human health, and local community impacts. Based on the information gained from these examinations, we provide the following policy recommendations with the goal of minimizing harm to those affected by natural gas compressor stations: the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and relevant state agencies must increase air quality monitoring and data transparency; the EPA should direct more resources to monitoring programs specifically at compressor stations; the EPA should provide free indoor air quality monitoring to homes near compressor stations; the EPA needs to adjust its National Ambient Air Quality Standards to better protect communities and assess cumulative impacts; and decision-makers at all levels must pursue meaningful involvement from potentially affected communities. We find there is substantial evidence of negative impacts to strongly support these recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis D. Davis
- Virginia Scientist‐Community Interface
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Clara Frazier
- Virginia Scientist‐Community Interface
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Nihal Guennouni
- Virginia Scientist‐Community Interface
- Virginia Institute of Marine ScienceWilliam and MaryWilliamsburgVAUSA
| | - Rachael King
- Virginia Scientist‐Community Interface
- Virginia Institute of Marine ScienceWilliam and MaryWilliamsburgVAUSA
| | - Hannah Mast
- Virginia Scientist‐Community Interface
- Department of Environmental SciencesUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Emily M. Plunkett
- Virginia Scientist‐Community Interface
- Department of ChemistryVirginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA
| | - Zack J. Quirk
- Virginia Scientist‐Community Interface
- Department of Earth & Environmental SciencesUniversity of Michigan Ann ArborAnn ArborMIUSA
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Podstawski R, Omelan A, Borysławski K, Wąsik J. Relationships between anthropometric and body composition characteristics and age in Polish women over 60 as affected by their socioeconomic and health status and physical activity levels. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1198485. [PMID: 37440998 PMCID: PMC10333718 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1198485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Little is known about changes in anthropometric and body composition (A&BC) characteristics during the aging process. Research indicates that body composition can be linked with socioeconomic status (SES), health status (HS), and physical activity (PA) levels. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate age-related changes in A&BC characteristics in female seniors aged 60+ in view of their SES, HS, and PA levels. Methods: The survey was conducted in November and December 2022 on a total of 661 female seniors. A questionnaire survey was conducted to obtain information about the participants' socioeconomic status (chronic diseases, health status, marital status, membership in social organizations, financial status, place of residence, education). The respondents' PA levels were assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and their A&BC characteristics were determined in a bioelectrical impedance analysis with the InBody 270 body composition analyzer. The relationships between A&BC characteristics and age were evaluated based on the values of the Pearson correlation coefficient (r). Results: The mean values of Percent Body Fat (PBF), Body Mass Index (BMI), and the waist-hip ratio (WHR) were relatively high (37.2%, 28.5 kg/m2, and 0.8, respectively) and indicative of overweight and gynoid obesity. A higher number of significant negative correlations between A&BC characteristics and age were observed in seniors with lower values of SES, HS, and PA, which points to more rapid involutional changes in this group of respondents. A segmental analysis also revealed significantly lower values of fat-free mass (FFM) and body fat mass (BFM) (both indicators were calculated in percentage and kg), in particular in the upper limbs, in women with lower SES, HS, and PA levels. Conclusion: Environmental factors, including biological, physiological, environmental, psychological, behavioral, and social factors, are significantly associated with aging in women. Age-related changes in A&BC characteristics tend to proceed more rapidly in female seniors with low values of SES and HE and insufficient PA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Podstawski
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Aneta Omelan
- Department of Tourism, Recreation and Ecology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Borysławski
- Institute of Health, The Angelus Silesius University of Applied Sciences, Wałbrzych, Poland
| | - Jacek Wąsik
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Prevention, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Czestochowa, Poland
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Badeenezhad A, Parseh I, Veisi A, Rostami S, Ghelichi-Ghojogh M, Badfar G, Abbasi F. Short-term exposure to some heavy metals carried with PM 10 and cardiovascular system biomarkers during dust storm. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6146. [PMID: 37061544 PMCID: PMC10105359 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31978-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of short-term exposure to heavy metals (HM) extracted from PM10 on CB in workers' population in an outdoor space located in southern Iran during a dust storm. At first, 44 healthy and non-smoking workers were selected. Then PM10 and Blood samples were collected before and after the dust storm. Finally, HMs associated with PM10 measured by ICP-MS and its effect on the CB, including fibrinogen, CRP, TNF-α, and BP were estimated by ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and Odd Ratio (OR) in SPSS23. Based on the results, the concentration of PM10 and extracted HM such as Cr, As, and Cd was higher than the WHO/EPA standards in dust storms they increased the CB and BP remarkably. Moreover, the level of fibrinogen, blood pressure (BP) and TNF-α in dust storms were higher than in normal conditions (p < 0.05, OR > 3). In addition, As and Cd decreased fibrinogen concentration and systolic BP, respectively. Whereas, TNF-α was associated with concentration of Pb (R = - 0.85) on normal days. Consequently, the HM on PM10 such as As, interferes with the level of investigated CB. These results considered a potential risk for the residents in the southern regions of Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Badeenezhad
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Medical Sciences, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Iman Parseh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Medical Sciences, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Ali Veisi
- Department of Physiology, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Saeid Rostami
- Environmental Health Engineering, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Gholamreza Badfar
- Department of Pediatrics, Abuzar Children's Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fariba Abbasi
- Environmental Health Engineering, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Leirião L, de Oliveira M, Martins T, Miraglia S. A Multi-Pollutant and Meteorological Analysis of Cardiorespiratory Mortality among the Elderly in São Paulo, Brazil-An Artificial Neural Networks Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20085458. [PMID: 37107740 PMCID: PMC10138542 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20085458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, studies that associate air pollution with health effects relate individual pollutants to outcomes such as mortality or hospital admissions. However, models capable of analyzing the effects resulting from the atmosphere mixture are demanded. In this study, multilayer perceptron neural networks were evaluated to associate PM10, NO2, and SO2 concentrations, temperature, wind speed, and relative air humidity with cardiorespiratory mortality among the elderly in São Paulo, Brazil. Daily data from 2007 to 2019 were considered and different numbers of neurons on the hidden layer, algorithms, and a combination of activation functions were tested. The best-fitted artificial neural network (ANN) resulted in a MAPE equal to 13.46%. When individual season data were analyzed, the MAPE decreased to 11%. The most influential variables in cardiorespiratory mortality among the elderly were PM10 and NO2 concentrations. The relative humidity variable is more important during the dry season, and temperature is more important during the rainy season. The models were not subjected to the multicollinearity issue as with classical regression models. The use of ANNs to relate air quality to health outcomes is still very incipient, and this work highlights that it is a powerful tool that should be further explored.
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Andrade A, D’Oliveira A, De Souza LC, Bastos ACRDF, Dominski FH, Stabile L, Buonanno G. Effects of Air Pollution on the Health of Older Adults during Physical Activities: Mapping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3506. [PMID: 36834200 PMCID: PMC9960154 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric pollutants present environmental threats to health and have been investigated in different environments, such as highways, squares, parks, and gyms. These environments are frequented by older adults, who are considered fragile to the harmful impacts of pollution present in the air. The aim was to analyze the state of the art on the effects of air pollution on the health of older adults during physical activities (PAs) through a mapping review. The search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cinahl databases until June 2022. Of the 10,109 studies initially identified, 58 met the inclusion criteria. The most investigated health outcome was cardiovascular disease, followed by respiratory outcomes. Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) were the most investigated pollutants. Of the 75 health outcomes investigated, in 29, air pollution had harmful effects on the health of the older adults during the practice of PA, more frequently in cardiovascular diseases. In 25 outcomes, the beneficial effects of PA to the health of the older adults remained, despite exposure to high and low concentrations of pollutants, most often in terms of mental disorders. We conclude that poor air quality is a harmful factor for the health of older adults during the practice of PAs, more frequently in cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. On the other hand, for mental-health-related outcomes (depression and cognition), in most studies, the beneficial effects of PA in older adults were maintained, even after exposure to pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandro Andrade
- Health and Sports Science Center, Department of Physical Education, CEFID, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis 88035-901, Brazil
| | - Anderson D’Oliveira
- Health and Sports Science Center, Department of Physical Education, CEFID, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis 88035-901, Brazil
| | - Loiane Cristina De Souza
- Health and Sports Science Center, Department of Physical Education, CEFID, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis 88035-901, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Hech Dominski
- Department of Physical Education, Univille University, Joinville 89219-710, Brazil
| | - Luca Stabile
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via Di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Buonanno
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via Di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino, Italy
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4001, Australia
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Comparison of static and dynamic exposures to air pollution, noise, and greenness among seniors living in compact-city environments. Int J Health Geogr 2023; 22:3. [PMID: 36709304 PMCID: PMC9884423 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-023-00325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
GPS technology and tracking study designs have gained popularity as a tool to go beyond the limitations of static exposure assessments based on the subject's residence. These dynamic exposure assessment methods offer high potential upside in terms of accuracy but also disadvantages in terms of cost, sample sizes, and types of data generated. Because of that, with our study we aim to understand in which cases researchers need to use GPS-based methods to guarantee the necessary accuracy in exposure assessment. With a sample of 113 seniors living in Barcelona (Spain) we compare their estimated daily exposures to air pollution (PM2.5, PM10, NO2), noise (dB), and greenness (NDVI) using static and dynamic exposure assessment techniques. Results indicate that significant differences between static and dynamic exposure assessments are only present in selected exposures, and would thus suggest that static assessments using the place of residence would provide accurate-enough values across a number of exposures in the case of seniors. Our models for Barcelona's seniors suggest that dynamic exposure would only be required in the case of exposure to smaller particulate matter (PM2.5) and exposure to noise levels. The study signals to the need to consider both the mobility patterns and the built environment context when deciding between static or dynamic measures of exposure assessment.
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Northeim K, Oppong JR. Mapping Health Fragility and Vulnerability in Air Pollution-Monitoring Networks in Dallas-Fort Worth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1807. [PMID: 36767174 PMCID: PMC9914925 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Environmental air pollution remains a major contributor to negative health outcomes and mortality, but the relationship between socially vulnerable populations and air pollution is not well understood. Although air pollution potentially affects everyone, the combination of underlying health, socioeconomic, and demographic factors exacerbate the impact for socially vulnerable population groups, and the United States Clean Air Act (CAA) describes an obligation to protect these populations. This paper seeks to understand how air pollution monitor placement strategies and policy may neglect social vulnerabilities and therefore potentially underestimate exposure burdens in vulnerable populations. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the association between being in an ozone-monitored area or not on 15 vulnerability indicators. It was found that the odds of not being in an ozone-monitored area (not covered, outside) increased for the predictor mobile homes (OR = 4.831, 95% CI [2.500-9.338] and OR = 8.066, 95% CI [4.390-14.820] for the 10 and 20 km spatial units, respectively) and decreased for the predictor multiunit structures (OR = 0.281, 95% CI [0.281-0.548] and OR = 0.130, 95% CI [0.037, 0.457] for the 10 and 20 km spatial units, respectively) and the predictor speaks English "less than well" (OR = 0.521, 95% CI [0.292-0.931] for 10 km). These results indicate that existing pollution sensor coverage may neglect areas with concentrations of highly vulnerable populations in mobile homes, and future monitoring placement policy decisions must work to address this imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Northeim
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Sciences Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA
| | - Joseph R. Oppong
- Department of Geography and the Environment, University of North Texas, 1704 W. Mulberry, Denton, TX 76203, USA
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Aminuddin M, Sargowo D, Sardjono TW, Widjiati W. Curcuma longa supplementation reduces MDA, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels in a rat model exposed to soot particulates. Open Vet J 2023; 13:11-19. [PMID: 36777433 PMCID: PMC9897504 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Particulate matter (PM) is one of the important components in air pollution that can cause endothelial vascular dysfunction through exacerbation of atherosclerosis and inflammation of the respiratory system. Increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in blood plasma can be an indicator of oxidative stress. Then, macrophages can secrete proinflammatory cytokines that will stimulate immune cells and vascular endothelial cells to release inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrotic factor-α (TNF-α). Curcuma longa works by scavenging the active free radicals involved in the peroxidation process. Aims This study aims to prove that the administration of C. longa can reduce MDA, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels in Rattus norvegicus exposed to soot particulates. Methods The subjects of this study were 30 male rats which were divided into 5 treatment groups with the following: (C0): negative control; (C+): positive control; (T1): Treatment group 2, rats exposed to particulate soot at a concentration of 1,064 mg/m3 for 8 hours and given C. longa at a dose of 1 mg/kg bw; (T2): Treatment group 3 was rats exposed to soot particulates at a concentration of 1,064 mg/m3 for 8 hours and given C. longa at a dose of 2 mg/kg bw; (T3): Treatment group 4 was rats exposed to soot particulates at a concentration of 1,064 mg/m3 for 8 hours and given C. longa at a dose of 3 mg/kg bw.Giving the C. longa extract orally with a probe every day for 30 days after treatment of exposure to soot. Examination of MDA, TNF-, and IL-6 levels with the ELISA method. Results The administration of C. longa can reduce MDA while the lowest MDA levels were obtained in the T3 treatment with an average of 1.542 ± 0.231. The results of the description of the lowest levels of TNF-α were obtained in the C-treatment with an average of 55.981 ± 4.689. Then, the lowest levels of IL-6 were obtained in the C-treatment with an average of 2.292 ± 0.461. Conclusion The results stated that the administration of C. longa could reduce MDA levels, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels. Curcuma longa as an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant play an effective role in inhibiting inflammation by decreasing IL-6 cytokine and TNF-α. Curcuma longa can inhibit lipid peroxidation initiated by free radicals and then reduce MDA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aminuddin
- Postgraduate Program Students, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Djanggan Sargowo
- Department of Internal Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Teguh Wahju Sardjono
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Widjiati Widjiati
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia,Corresponding Author: Widjiati Widjiati. Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
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Tang C, Tang Y, Wang Q, Chu D, Zhou J, Zhou Y. Yangyinqingfei decoction attenuates PM2.5-induced lung injury by enhancing arachidonic acid metabolism. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1056078. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1056078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Yangyinqingfei Decoction (YYQFD), a traditional Chinese prescription, is well known in the treatment of diphtheria and lung-related diseases in clinic. However, whether it can be used to block the lung injury caused by air pollutant remains unclear. In the present study, the effect of YYQFD was addressed using a PM2.5-induced lung injury mice model. It was shown that YYQFD significantly improved pulmonary functions of mice exposed to PM2.5, the levels of IL-6, TNF-α and MDA were decreased while SOD levels were increased in serum and bronchoalveolar fluid. The potential mechanism of YYQFD was then delved using metabolomic and proteomic techniques. The protein-metabolite joint analysis showed that YYQFD regulated the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid and arachidonic acid metabolism, causing a significant decrement of pro-inflammatory mediator arachidonic acid with its downstream metabolites like 20-HETE, prostaglandin E2, accompanied by the up-regulation of PTGES2, GPX2 and CBR3 in lung tissue. These data were used to construct a regulatory metabolic network map in terms of the therapeutic role of YYQFD in PM2.5-induced lung injury, thereby provided a novel insight into potential application in the respiratory diseases caused by air pollutants.
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Álvaro-Meca A, Sepúlveda-Crespo D, Resino R, Ryan P, Martínez I, Resino S. Neighborhood environmental factors linked to hospitalizations of older people for viral lower respiratory tract infections in Spain: a case-crossover study. Environ Health 2022; 21:107. [PMID: 36348411 PMCID: PMC9640778 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00928-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower respiratory tract viral infection (LRTI) is a significant cause of morbidity-mortality in older people worldwide. We analyzed the association between short-term exposure to environmental factors (climatic factors and outdoor air pollution) and hospital admissions with a viral LRTI diagnosis in older adults. METHODS We conducted a bidirectional case-crossover study in 6367 patients over 65 years of age with viral LRTI and residential zip code in the Spanish Minimum Basic Data Set. Spain's State Meteorological Agency was the source of environmental data. Associations were assessed using conditional logistic regression. P-values were corrected for false discovery rate (q-values). RESULTS Almost all were hospital emergency admissions (98.13%), 18.64% were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), and 7.44% died. The most frequent clinical discharge diagnosis was influenza (90.25%). LRTI hospital admissions were more frequent when there were lower values of temperature and O3 and higher values of relative humidity and NO2. The regression analysis adjusted by temperatures and relative humidity showed higher concentrations at the hospital admission for NO2 [compared to the lag time of 1-week (q-value< 0.001) and 2-weeks (q-value< 0.001)] and O3 [compared to the lag time of 3-days (q-value< 0.001), 1-week (q-value< 0.001), and 2-weeks (q-value< 0.001)] were related to a higher odds of hospital admissions due to viral LRTI. Moreover, higher concentrations of PM10 at the lag time of 1-week (q-value = 0.023) and 2-weeks (q-value = 0.002), and CO at the lag time of 3-days (q-value = 0.023), 1-week (q-value< 0.001) and 2-weeks (q-value< 0.001)], compared to the day of hospitalization, were related to a higher chances of hospital admissions with viral LRTI. CONCLUSION Unfavorable environmental factors (low temperatures, high relative humidity, and high concentrations of NO2, O3, PM10, and CO) increased the odds of hospital admissions with viral LRTI among older people, indicating they are potentially vulnerable to these environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Álvaro-Meca
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Sepúlveda-Crespo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Resino
- Departamento de Geografía, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Ryan
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidoro Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Resino
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
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VoPham T, Kim NJ, Berry K, Mendoza JA, Kaufman JD, Ioannou GN. PM 2.5 air pollution exposure and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113611. [PMID: 35688225 PMCID: PMC9378584 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease. Particulate matter air pollution <2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) is a ubiquitous exposure primarily produced from fossil fuel combustion. Previous epidemiologic studies have been mixed. The objective of this study was to examine the association between ambient PM2.5 exposure and NAFLD among hospitalized patients in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS). METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of hospitalizations from 2001 to 2011 using the NIS, the largest nationally representative all-payer inpatient care administrative database in the United States. Average annual PM2.5 exposure was estimated by linking census tracts (based on NIS-provided hospital ZIP Codes) with a spatiotemporal exposure model. Clinical conditions were identified using hospital discharge diagnosis codes. Multivariable logistic regression incorporating discharge weights was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between PM2.5 exposure and odds of NAFLD among hospitalized patients adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, year, individual- and area-level socioeconomic status, urbanicity, region, obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, impaired fasting glucose, dyslipidemia, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, and smoking. RESULTS There were 269,705 hospitalized patients with NAFLD from 2001 to 2011 (total unweighted n = 45,433,392 hospitalizations). Higher ambient PM2.5 exposure was associated with increased odds of NAFLD among hospitalized patients (adjusted OR: 1.24 per 10 μg/m3 increase, 95% CI 1.15-1.33, p < 0.01). There were statistically significant interactions between PM2.5 exposure and age, race/ethnicity, diabetes, smoking, and region, with stronger positive associations among patients who were aged ≥45 years, non-Hispanic White or Asian/Pacific Islander, non-diabetics, non-smokers, or in the Midwest and West regions, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In this nationwide cross-sectional analysis of the NIS database, there was a positive association between ambient PM2.5 exposure and odds of NAFLD among hospitalized patients. Future research should examine the effects of long-term historical PM2.5 exposure and incident NAFLD cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang VoPham
- Epidemiology Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Nicole J Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Healthcare System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kristin Berry
- Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jason A Mendoza
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Nutritional Sciences Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - George N Ioannou
- Epidemiology Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Healthcare System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, WA, USA
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15
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Kim JH, Woo HD, Choi S, Song DS, Lee JH, Lee K. Long-Term Effects of Ambient Particulate and Gaseous Pollutants on Serum High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Levels: A Cross-Sectional Study Using KoGES-HEXA Data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191811585. [PMID: 36141854 PMCID: PMC9517608 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ambient air pollutants reportedly increase inflammatory responses associated with multiple chronic diseases. We investigated the effects of long-term exposure to ambient air pollution on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) using data from 60,581 participants enrolled in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study-Health Examinees Study between 2012 and 2017. Community Multiscale Air Quality System with surface data assimilation was used to estimate the participants' exposure to criteria air pollutants based on geocoded residential addresses. Long-term exposure was defined as the 2-year moving average concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, and O3. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were utilized to estimate the percent changes in hs-CRP and odds ratios of systemic low-grade inflammation (hs-CRP > 3 mg/L) per interquartile range increment in air pollutants. We identified positive associations between hs-CRP and PM10 (% changes: 3.75 [95% CI 2.68, 4.82]), PM2.5 (3.68, [2.57, 4.81]), SO2 (1.79, [1.10, 2.48]), and NO2 (3.31, [2.12, 4.52]), while negative association was demonstrated for O3 (-3.81, [-4.96, -2.65]). Elevated risks of low-grade inflammation were associated with PM10 (odds ratio: 1.07 [95% CI 1.01, 1.13]), PM2.5 (1.08 [1.02, 1.14]), and SO2 (1.05 [1.01, 1.08]). The odds ratios reported indicated that the exposures might be risk factors for inflammatory conditions; however, they did not reflect strong associations. Our findings suggest that exposure to air pollutants may play a role in the inflammation process.
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16
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Anand K, Vieira CLZ, Garshick E, Wang V, Blomberg A, Gold DR, Schwartz J, Vokonas P, Koutrakis P. Solar and geomagnetic activity reduces pulmonary function and enhances particulate pollution effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156434. [PMID: 35660608 PMCID: PMC9552041 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased solar and geomagnetic activity (SGA) may alter sympathetic nervous system activity, reduce antioxidant activity, and modulate physiochemical processes that contribute to atmospheric aerosols, all which may reduce pulmonary function. OBJECTIVES Investigate associations between forced expiratory volume at 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) with SGA, and assess whether SGA enhances adverse effects of particulate pollution, black carbon (BC) and particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5). METHODS We conducted a repeated measures analysis in 726 Normative Aging Study participants (Boston, Massachusetts, USA) between 2000 and 2017, using interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), planetary K index (Kp), and sunspot number (SSN) as SGA measures. Linear mixed effects models were used to assess exposure moving averages up to 28 days for both SGA and pollution. RESULTS Increases in IMF, Kp Index and SSN from the day of the pulmonary function test averaged through day 28 of were associated with a significant decrement in FEV1 and FVC, after adjusting for potential confounders. There were greater effects for longer moving averages and enhanced effects of PM2.5 and BC on FEV1 and FVC with increased SGA. For example, for each inter-quartile increase (4.55 μg/m3) in average PM2.5 28 days before testing, low IMF (10th percentile: 3.2 nT) was associated with a -21.4 ml (95 % CI: -60.8, 18.1) and -7.1 ml (95 % CI: -37.7, 23·4) decrease in FVC and FEV1, respectively; high IMF (90th percentile: 9.0 nT) was associated with a -120.7 ml (95 % CI:-166.5, -74.9) and -78.6 ml (95 % CI: -114.3, -42·8) decrease in FVC and FEV1, respectively. DISCUSSION Increased periods of solar and geomagnetic activity may directly contribute to impaired pulmonary function and also enhance effects of PM2.5 and BC. Since exposure to solar activity is ubiquitous, stricter measures in reducing air pollution exposures are warranted, particularly in elderly populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Anand
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Carolina L Z Vieira
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric Garshick
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine Section, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Veronica Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Annelise Blomberg
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Diane R Gold
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pantel Vokonas
- VA Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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An R, Kang H, Cao L, Xiang X. Engagement in outdoor physical activity under ambient fine particulate matter pollution: A risk-benefit analysis. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2022; 11:537-544. [PMID: 33035708 PMCID: PMC7537654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outdoor physical activity (PA) brings important health benefits, but exposure to polluted air increases health risks. This study aimed to quantify the tradeoff of PA under fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution by estimating the optimal PA duration under various pollution levels. METHODS A risk-benefit analysis was performed to estimate the optimal outdoor moderate-intensity PA (MPA) duration under varying PM2.5 concentrations. RESULTS An inverse nonlinear relationship was identified between optimal MPA duration and background PM2.5 concentration levels. When background PM2.5 concentration increased to 186 µg/m3, the optimal outdoor MPA duration decreased to 2.5 h/week, the minimum level recommended by current PA guidelines. When background PM2.5 concentration further increased to 235 µg/m3, the optimal outdoor MPA duration decreased to 1 h/week. The relationship between optimal MPA duration and background PM2.5 concentration levels was stronger when exercising at a location closer to a source of air pollution. Compared to the general adult population, adults aged 60 years and older had substantially steeper curves-the optimal outdoor MPA duration decreased to 2.5 h/week when background PM2.5 concentration reached 45 µg/m3. CONCLUSION The health benefit of outdoor MPA by far outweighs the health risk of PM2.5 pollution for the global average urban background concentration (22 μg/m3). This modeling study examined a single type of air pollutant and suffered from measurement errors and estimation uncertainties. Future research should examine other air pollutants and indoor PA, incorporate short- and mid-term health effects of MPA and air pollution into the risk-benefit analysis, and provide estimates specific for high-risk subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruopeng An
- Brown School, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Hyojung Kang
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Lianzhong Cao
- School of Management and Journalism, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang 110102, China.
| | - Xiaoling Xiang
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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18
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Cortés S, Leiva C, Ojeda MJ, Bustamante-Ara N, Wambaa W, Dominguez A, Pasten Salvo C, Rodriguez Peralta C, Rojas Arenas B, Vargas Mesa D, Ahumada-Padilla E. Air Pollution and Cardiorespiratory Changes in Older Adults Living in a Polluted Area in Central Chile. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2022; 16:11786302221107136. [PMID: 35782316 PMCID: PMC9243574 DOI: 10.1177/11786302221107136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
One recognized cause of cardiorespiratory diseases is air pollution. Older adults (OA) are one of the most vulnerable groups that suffer from its adverse effects. The objective of the study was to analyze the association between exposure to air pollution and changes in cardiorespiratory variables in OA. Observational prospective cohort study. Health questionnaires, blood pressure (BP) measurements, lung functions, respiratory symptoms, physical activity levels, and physical fitness in high and low exposure to air pollution were all methods used in evaluating OAs in communes with high contamination rates. Linear and logistic models were created to adjust for variables of interest. A total of 92 OA participated in this study. 73.9% of the subjects were women with 72.3 ± 5.6 years. 46.7% were obese, while 12.1% consumed tobacco. The most prevalent diseases found were hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Adjusted linear models maintained an increase for systolic BP of 6.77 mmHg (95% CI: 1.04-12.51), and diastolic of 3.51 mmHg (95% CI: 0.72-6.29), during the period of high exposure to air pollution. The adjusted logistic regression model indicated that, during the period of high exposure to air pollution increase the respiratory symptoms 4 times more (OR: 4.43, 95% CI: 2.07-10.04) in the OA. The results are consistent with an adverse effect on cardiorespiratory variables in periods of high exposure to air pollution in the OA population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cortés
- Department of Public Health, Pontificia
Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases
(ACCDIS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Sustainable Urban
Development (CEDEUS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago,
Chile
| | - Cinthya Leiva
- Department of Public Health, Pontificia
Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Sustainable Urban
Development (CEDEUS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago,
Chile
| | - María José Ojeda
- Department of Public Health, Pontificia
Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Alan Dominguez
- Department of Public Health, Pontificia
Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Experimental and Health
Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, España
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Muhammad T, Srivastava S, Hossain B, Paul R, Sekher TV. Decomposing rural-urban differences in successful aging among older Indian adults. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6430. [PMID: 35440788 PMCID: PMC9018817 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09958-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The modernization and shift towards urbanized lifestyles have triggered several diseases, and the context of aging varies in urban and rural settings in India. The study aimed to investigate the urban-rural differences in successful ageing among older adults in India and the contributing factors in those differences. The study utilizes data from nationally representative Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI, 2017-18). The analytical sample size for the study was 31,464 older adults aged 60 years and above. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were carried out to present the initial results. Multivariable logistic regression and decomposition analysis was used to find the associations between explanatory variables and successful aging and to identify the contributions of covariates that explain the rural-urban differences in successful ageing. A proportion of 32% and 24% of older adults from rural and urban areas were successful agers with an urban disadvantage. Urban-dwelling older adults had 0.67 times [95% confidence interval (CI): (0.64, 0.71)] lower unadjusted odds of successful ageing than rural older adults. Again, after adjusting for the effect of other explanatory variables, urban older adults had 0.92 times [CI: (0.87, 0.98)] lower odds of being successful agers than their rural counterparts. The major contributors to the rural-urban inequality in successful aging were differences in regional distribution (17% contribution), waist circumference (16%), working status (16%), body mass index (13%) and physical activity (8%) among rural and urban older adults. The urban disadvantage in aging successfully may reflect the higher prevalence of adverse lifestyle behaviours in urban dwellers and under-diagnosis and under-reporting of many diseases in rural areas, particularly non-communicable diseases, suggesting the need for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Muhammad
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400088, India
| | - Shobhit Srivastava
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400088, India.
| | - Babul Hossain
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400088, India
| | - Ronak Paul
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400088, India
| | - T V Sekher
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400088, India
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Global, regional, and national burden of diseases and injuries for adults 70 years and older: systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study. BMJ 2022; 376:e068208. [PMID: 35273014 PMCID: PMC9316948 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2021-068208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To use data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) to estimate mortality and disability trends for the population aged ≥70 and evaluate patterns in causes of death, disability, and risk factors. DESIGN Systematic analysis. SETTING Participants were aged ≥70 from 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES Years of life lost, years lived with disability, disability adjusted life years, life expectancy at age 70 (LE-70), healthy life expectancy at age 70 (HALE-70), proportion of years in ill health at age 70 (PYIH-70), risk factors, and data coverage index were estimated based on standardised GBD methods. RESULTS Globally the population of older adults has increased since 1990 and all cause death rates have decreased for men and women. However, mortality rates due to falls increased between 1990 and 2019. The probability of death among people aged 70-90 decreased, mainly because of reductions in non-communicable diseases. Globally disability burden was largely driven by functional decline, vision and hearing loss, and symptoms of pain. LE-70 and HALE-70 showed continuous increases since 1990 globally, with certain regional disparities. Globally higher LE-70 resulted in higher HALE-70 and slightly increased PYIH-70. Sociodemographic and healthcare access and quality indices were positively correlated with HALE-70 and LE-70. For high exposure risk factors, data coverage was moderate, while limited data were available for various dietary, environmental or occupational, and metabolic risks. CONCLUSIONS Life expectancy at age 70 has continued to rise globally, mostly because of decreases in chronic diseases. Adults aged ≥70 living in high income countries and regions with better healthcare access and quality were found to experience the highest life expectancy and healthy life expectancy. Disability burden, however, remained constant, suggesting the need to enhance public health and intervention programmes to improve wellbeing among older adults.
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21
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Peterson JR, Howell BM, Hahn MB. Utilizing the "One Health" Model to Study Human Aging in Urban Environments. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2022; 8:23337214221116946. [PMID: 36046575 PMCID: PMC9421012 DOI: 10.1177/23337214221116946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The "One Health" concept has resulted in a rich research literature that integrates human and animal systems, with a focus on zoonotic diseases; however, this narrow focus is at the expense of one of the leading causes of global human mortality: non-infectious, chronic diseases. Here, we provide a viewpoint that applying the integrated One Health framework to public health issues such as the impact of stressful urban environments on the process of human aging has the potential to elucidate potential causal mechanisms that have previously gone unnoticed. Given the success of the One Health paradigm in studying human health in rural areas, we posit that this model would be a useful tool for studying human, animal, and environmental interactions in urban settings.
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22
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Linares C, Culqui D, Belda F, López-Bueno JA, Luna Y, Sánchez-Martínez G, Hervella B, Díaz J. Impact of environmental factors and Sahara dust intrusions on incidence and severity of COVID-19 disease in Spain. Effect in the first and second pandemic waves. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:51948-51960. [PMID: 33993402 PMCID: PMC8124022 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Scientific evidence suggests that Saharan dust intrusions in Southern Europe contribute to the worsening of multiple pathologies and increase the concentrations of particulate matter (PM) and other pollutants. However, few studies have examined whether Saharan dust intrusions influence the incidence and severity of COVID-19 cases. To address this question, in this study we carried out generalized linear models with Poisson link between incidence rates and daily hospital admissions and average daily concentrations of PM10, NO2, and O3 in nine Spanish regions for the period from February 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020. The models were adjusted by maximum daily temperature and average daily absolute humidity. Furthermore, we controlled for trend, seasonality, and the autoregressive nature of the series. The variable relating to Saharan dust intrusions was introduced using a dichotomous variable, NAF, averaged across daily lags in ranges of 0-7 days, 8-14 days, 14-21 days, and 22-28 days. The results obtained in this study suggest that chemical air pollutants, and especially NO2, are related to the incidence and severity of COVID-19 in Spain. Furthermore, Saharan dust intrusions have an additional effect beyond what is attributable to the variation in air pollution; they are related, in different lags, to both the incidence and hospital admissions rates for COVID-19. These results serve to support public health measures that minimize population exposure on days with particulate matter advection from the Sahara.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Linares
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII), Avda Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dante Culqui
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII), Avda Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José Antonio López-Bueno
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII), Avda Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Luna
- State Meteorological Agency (AEMET), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Julio Díaz
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII), Avda Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Vali M, Hassanzadeh J, Mirahmadizadeh A, Hoseini M, Dehghani S, Maleki Z, Méndez-Arriaga F, Ghaem H. Effect of meteorological factors and Air Quality Index on the COVID-19 epidemiological characteristics: an ecological study among 210 countries. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:53116-53126. [PMID: 34024000 PMCID: PMC8140752 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The survival of COVID-19 in different environments may be affected by a variety of weather, pollution, and seasonal parameters. Therefore, the present study aims to conduct an ecological investigation on COVID-19 average growth rate of daily cases and deaths influenced by environmental factors (temperature, humidity, and air pollution) using a sample size of adjusted cumulative incidence of daily cases and deaths based on five 60-day periods. Research data was gathered on official websites, including information on COVID-19, meteorological data, and air pollution indicators from December 31, 2019, to October 12, 2020, from 210 countries. Spearman correlation and generalized additive model (GAM) were used to analyze the data. During the observed period, the COVID-19 average growth rate of daily cases (r = -0.08, P =0.151) and deaths (r= -0.09, P = 0.207) were not correlated with humidity. Also, there was a negative relationship between the COVID-19 average growth rate of new cases and deaths with the Air Quality Index (AQI) and wind (new cases and wind: r=-0.25, P= 0.04). Furthermore, the data related to the first and second 60 day of the adjusted cumulative incidence of COVID-19 daily cases and deaths were not associated with humidity and Air Quality Index (AQI). The result of GAM showed the effect of AQI on the average growth rate of COVID-19 new cases and deaths. This study provides evidence for a positive relationship between COVID-19 daily cases, deaths, and AQI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohebat Vali
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jafar Hassanzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Mirahmadizadeh
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hoseini
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samaneh Dehghani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Maleki
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fabiola Méndez-Arriaga
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Haleh Ghaem
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Chen JM, Zovko M, Šimurina N, Zovko V. Fear in a Handful of Dust: The Epidemiological, Environmental, and Economic Drivers of Death by PM 2.5 Pollution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8688. [PMID: 34444435 PMCID: PMC8393768 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates numerous epidemiological, environmental, and economic factors affecting morbidity and mortality from PM2.5 exposure in the 27 member states of the European Union. This form of air pollution inflicts considerable social and economic damage in addition to loss of life and well-being. This study creates and deploys a comprehensive data pipeline. The first step consists of conventional linear models and supervised machine learning alternatives. Those regression methods do more than predict health outcomes in the EU-27 and relate those predictions to independent variables. Linear regression and its machine learning equivalents also inform unsupervised machine learning methods such as clustering and manifold learning. Lower-dimension manifolds of this dataset's feature space reveal the relationship among EU-27 countries and their success (or failure) in managing PM2.5 morbidity and mortality. Principal component analysis informs further interpretation of variables along economic and health-based lines. A nonlinear environmental Kuznets curve may describe the fuller relationship between economic activity and premature death from PM2.5 exposure. The European Union should bridge the historical, cultural, and economic gaps that impair these countries' collective response to PM2.5 pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Ming Chen
- College of Law, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Mira Zovko
- Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Nika Šimurina
- Faculty of Economics & Business, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Vatroslav Zovko
- Faculty of Teacher Education, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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Mak HWL, Ng DCY. Spatial and Socio-Classification of Traffic Pollutant Emissions and Associated Mortality Rates in High-Density Hong Kong via Improved Data Analytic Approaches. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6532. [PMID: 34204413 PMCID: PMC8296480 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Excessive traffic pollutant emissions in high-density cities result in thermal discomfort and are associated with devastating health impacts. In this study, an improved data analytic framework that combines geo-processing techniques, social habits of local citizens like traffic patterns and working schedule and district-wise building morphologies was established to retrieve street-level traffic NOx and PM2.5 emissions in all 18 districts of Hong Kong. The identification of possible human activity regions further visualizes the intersection between emission sources and human mobility. The updated spatial distribution of traffic emission could serve as good indicators for better air quality management, as well as the planning of social infrastructures in the neighborhood environment. Further, geo-processed traffic emission figures can systematically be distributed to respective districts via mathematical means, while the correlations of NOx and mortality within different case studies range from 0.371 to 0.783, while varying from 0.509 to 0.754 for PM2.5, with some assumptions imposed in our study. Outlying districts and good practices of maintaining an environmentally friendly transportation network were also identified and analyzed via statistical means. This newly developed data-driven framework of allocating and quantifying traffic emission could possibly be extended to other dense and heavily polluted cities, with the aim of enhancing health monitoring campaigns and relevant policy implementations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Wai Leung Mak
- Department of Mathematics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Geography, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Daisy Chiu Yi Ng
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong;
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Martin PJ, Billet S, Landkocz Y, Fougère B. Inflammation at the Crossroads: the Combined Effects of COVID-19, Ageing, and Air Pollution. J Frailty Aging 2021; 10:281-285. [PMID: 34105713 PMCID: PMC7948651 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2021.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The global COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted different vulnerability profiles among individuals. With the highest mortality rate, the elderly are a very sensitive group. With regard to the main symptoms, a failure of the respiratory system, associated with deregulation of the immune system, has been observed. These symptoms may also be encountered in chronic exposure of susceptible populations to air pollution, including exacerbation of the inflammatory response. Is there a relationship between age, pollution exposure and the severity of COVID-19? Although it is unclear how these parameters are related, the same pathways can be activated and appear to find a common mechanism of action in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Martin
- Dr. Sylvain Billet, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UR 4492, UCEIV, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel 2, 189A, Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France. Phone: +33-3 28 23 76 41, E-mail:
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Li X, Xu J, Wang W, Liang JJ, Deng ZH, Du J, Xie MZ, Wang XR, Liu Y, Cui F, Lu QB. Air pollutants and outpatient visits for influenza-like illness in Beijing, China. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11397. [PMID: 34141466 PMCID: PMC8179240 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Air pollution leads to many adverse health conditions, mainly manifested by respiratory or cardiac symptoms. Previous studies are limited as to whether air pollutants were associated to influenza-like illness (ILI). This study aimed to explore the association between air pollutants and outpatient visits for ILI, especially during an outbreak of influenza. Methods Daily counts of hospital visits for ILI were obtained from Peking University Third Hospital between January 1, 2015, and March 31, 2018. A generalized additive Poisson model was applied to examine the associations between air pollutants concentrations and daily outpatient visits for ILI when adjusted for the meteorological parameters. Results There were 35862 outpatient visits at the fever clinic for ILI cases. Air quality index (AQI), PM2.5, PM10, CO and O3 on lag0 days, as well as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) on lag1 days, were significantly associated with an increased risk of outpatient visits for ILI from January 2015 to November 2017. From December 2017 to March 2018, on lag0 days, air pollutants PM2.5 [risk ratio (RR) = 0.971, 95% CI: 0.963-0.979], SO2 (RR = 0.892, 95% CI: 0.840–0.948) and CO (RR = 0.306, 95% CI: 0.153–0.612) were significantly associated with a decreased risk of outpatient visits for ILI. Interestingly, on the lag2 days, all the pollutants were significantly associated with a reduced risk of outpatient visits for ILI except for O3. We did not observe the linear correlations between the outpatient visits for ILI and any of air pollutants, which were instead associated via a curvilinear relationship. Conclusions We found that the air pollutants may be associated with an increased risk of outpatient visits for ILI during the non-outbreak period and with a decreased risk during the outbreak period, which may be linked with the use of disposable face masks and the change of outdoor activities. These findings expand the current knowledge of ILI outpatient visits correlated with air pollutants during an influenza pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Jin Liang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Laboratorial of Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Zhu Xie
- Department of Laboratorial of Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Rui Wang
- Department of Laboratorial of Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqiong Liu
- Department of Laboratorial of Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuqiang Cui
- Department of Laboratorial of Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Bin Lu
- Department of Laboratorial of Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Effects of PM10 and Weather on Respiratory and Cardiovascular Diseases in the Ciuc Basin (Romanian Carpathians). ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the PM10 concentration, respiratory and cardiovascular disease hospital admissions evolution in the Ciuc basin for a period of 9 years (2008–2016), taking into consideration different meteorological conditions: boundary layer, lifting condensation level, temperature-humidity index, and wind chill equivalent chart index. The PM10 and hospital admissions evolution showed a very fluctuated hourly, weekly, monthly, yearly tendency. The PM10 concentration in winter (34.72 μg/m3) was 82% higher than the multiannual average (19.00 μg/m3), and almost three times higher than in summer (11.71 μg/m3). During the winter, PM10 concentration increased by an average of 9.36 μg/m3 due to the increased household heating. Climatological parameters have a demonstrable effect on the PM10 concentration variation. Children, the elderly and men are more sensitive to air pollution, the calculated relative risk for men was (RR = 1.45), and for women (RR = 1.37), respectively. A moderate correlation (0.51) was found between PM10 and pneumonia (P), while a relatively weak correlation (0.39) was demonstrated in the case of PM10 and upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). Furthermore, except thermal humidity index (THI), strong negative correlations were observed between the multiannual monthly mean PM10 and the meteorological data. The PM10 followed a moderate negative correlation with the boundary layer (−0.61). In the case of URTI and P, the highest number of hospital admissions occurred with a 5 to 7-day lag, while the 10 μg/m3 PM10 increase resulted in a 2.04% and 8.28% morbidity increase. For lung cancer (LC) and cardiovascular diseases (AMI, IHD, CCP), a maximum delay of 5–6 months was found. Three-month delay and an average growth of 1.51% was observed in the case of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Overall, these findings revealed that PM10 was and it is responsible for one-third of the diseases.
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Dragone R, Licciardi G, Grasso G, Del Gaudio C, Chanussot J. Analysis of the Chemical and Physical Environmental Aspects that Promoted the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the Lombard Area. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1226. [PMID: 33573007 PMCID: PMC7908577 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent works have demonstrated that particulate matter (PM) and specific meteorological conditions played an important role in the airborne transmission of the SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. These studies suggest that these parameters could influence the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. In the present investigation, we sought to investigate the association between air pollution, meteorological data, and the Lombardy region COVID-19 outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2. We considered the number of detected infected people at the regional and provincial scale from February to March 2020. Air pollution data were collected over the Lombardy region, nominally, sulphur dioxide, ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen monoxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, and suspended particulate matter measuring less than 10 μm (PM10) and less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5). Meteorological data have been collected over the same region for temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. In this work, we evaluated the combined impact of environmental pollutants and climate conditions on the COVID-19 outbreak. The analysis evidenced a positive correlation between spatial distribution of COVID-19 infection cases with high concentrations of suspended particulate matter and a negative relationship with ozone. Moreover, suspended particulate matter concentration peaks in February correlated positively with infection peaks according to the virus incubation period. The obtained results suggested that seasonal weather conditions and concentration of air pollutants seemed to influence COVID-19 epidemics in Lombardy region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Dragone
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati sede Sapienza, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Licciardi
- Gipsa-lab, Grenoble Institute of Technology, 38031 Grenoble, France; (G.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Gerardo Grasso
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati sede Sapienza, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Jocelyn Chanussot
- Gipsa-lab, Grenoble Institute of Technology, 38031 Grenoble, France; (G.L.); (J.C.)
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Short-Term Effects of Air Pollution on Cardiovascular Hospitalizations in the Pisan Longitudinal Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18031164. [PMID: 33525695 PMCID: PMC7908381 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution effects on cardiovascular hospitalizations in small urban/suburban areas have been scantly investigated. Such effects were assessed among the participants in the analytical epidemiological survey carried out in Pisa and Cascina, Tuscany, Italy (2009–2011). Cardiovascular hospitalizations from 1585 subjects were followed up (2011–2015). Daily mean pollutant concentrations were estimated through random forests at 1 km (particulate matter: PM10, 2011–2015; PM2.5, 2013–2015) and 200 m (PM10, PM2.5, NO2, O3, 2013–2015) resolutions. Exposure effects were estimated using the case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression (odds ratio—OR—and 95% confidence interval—CI—for 10 μg/m3 increase; lag 0–6). During the period 2011–2015 (137 hospitalizations), a significant effect at lag 0 was observed for PM10 (OR = 1.137, CI: 1.023–1.264) at 1 km resolution. During the period 2013–2015 (69 hospitalizations), significant effects at lag 0 were observed for PM10 (OR = 1.268, CI: 1.085–1.483) and PM2.5 (OR = 1.273, CI: 1.053–1.540) at 1 km resolution, as well as for PM10 (OR = 1.365, CI: 1.103–1.690), PM2.5 (OR = 1.264, CI: 1.006–1.589) and NO2 (OR = 1.477, CI: 1.058–2.061) at 200 m resolution; significant effects were observed up to lag 2. Larger ORs were observed in males and in subjects reporting pre-existent cardiovascular/respiratory diseases. Combining analytical and routine epidemiological data with high-resolution pollutant estimates provides new insights on acute cardiovascular effects in the general population and in potentially susceptible subgroups living in small urban/suburban areas.
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Linares C, Belda F, López-Bueno JA, Luna MY, Sánchez-Martínez G, Hervella B, Culqui D, Díaz J. Short-term associations of air pollution and meteorological variables on the incidence and severity of COVID-19 in Madrid (Spain): a time series study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2021; 33:107. [PMID: 34513550 PMCID: PMC8420149 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-021-00548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are studies that analyze the role of meteorological variables on the incidence and severity of COVID-19, and others that explore the role played by air pollutants, but currently there are very few studies that analyze the impact of both effects together. This is the aim of the current study. We analyzed data corresponding to the period from February 1 to May 31, 2020 for the City of Madrid. As meteorological variables, maximum daily temperature (Tmax) in ºC and mean daily absolute humidity (AH) in g/m3 were used corresponding to the mean values recorded by all Spanish Meteorological Agency (AEMET) observatories in the Madrid region. Atmospheric pollutant data for PM10 and NO2 in µg/m3 for the Madrid region were provided by the Spanish Environmental Ministry (MITECO). Daily incidence, daily hospital admissions per 100.000 inhabitants, daily ICU admissions and daily death rates per million inhabitants were used as dependent variables. These data were provided by the ISCIII Spanish National Epidemiology Center. Generalized linear models with Poisson link were performed between the dependent and independent variables, controlling for seasonality, trend and the autoregressive nature of the series. RESULTS The results of the single-variable models showed a negative association between Tmax and all of the dependent variables considered, except in the case of deaths, in which lower temperatures were associated with higher rates. AH also showed the same behavior with the COVID-19 variables analyzed and with the lags, similar to those obtained with Tmax. In terms of atmospheric pollutants PM10 and NO2, both showed a positive association with the dependent variables. Only PM10 was associated with the death rate. Associations were established between lags 12 and 21 for PM10 and between 0 and 28 for NO2, indicating a short-term association of NO2 with the disease. In the two-variable models, the role of NO2 was predominant compared to PM10. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that the environmental variables analyzed are related to the incidence and severity of COVID-19 in the Community of Madrid. In general, low temperatures and low humidity in the atmosphere affect the spread of the virus. Air pollution, especially NO2, is associated with a higher incidence and severity of the disease. The impact that these environmental factors are small (in terms of relative risk) and by themselves cannot explain the behavior of the incidence and severity of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Linares
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José Antonio López-Bueno
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Dante Culqui
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Díaz
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Wyatt LH, Xi Y, Kshirsagar A, Di Q, Ward-Caviness C, Wade TJ, Cascio WE, Rappold AG. Association of short-term exposure to ambient PM 2.5 with hospital admissions and 30-day readmissions in end-stage renal disease patients: population-based retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e041177. [PMID: 33323443 PMCID: PMC7745516 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the effect of short-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on all-cause, cardiovascular and respiratory-related hospital admissions and readmissions among patients receiving outpatient haemodialysis. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Inpatient hospitalisation claims identified from the US Renal Data System in 530 US counties. PARTICIPANTS All patients receiving in-centre haemodialysis between 2008 and 2014. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and respiratory-related hospital admissions and 30-day all-cause and cause-specific readmission following an all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory-related discharges. Readmission risk was evaluated for early (1-7 days postdischarge) and late (8-30 days postdischarge) readmission time periods. Relative risk is expressed per 10 μg/m3 of PM2.5. RESULTS Same-day ambient PM2.5 was associated with increased hospital admission risk for cardiovascular causes (0.9%, 95% CI 0.2 to 1.7). Greater PM2.5-related associations were observed with 30-day readmission risk. Early-readmission risk was increased by 1.6%-1.8% following all-cause (1.6%, 95% CI 0.6% to 2.6%), cardiovascular (1.8%, 95% CI 0.4% to 3.2%) and respiratory (1.8%, 95% CI 0.4% to 3.2%) discharges; while late-readmission risk increased by 1.2%-1.3% following all-cause and cardiovascular discharges. PM2.5-related associations with readmission risk were greatest for certain cause-specific readmissions ranging 4.0%-6.5% for dysrhythmia and conduction disorder, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, other non-cardiac chest pain or respiratory syndrome and pneumonia. Following all-cause discharges, the cause-specific early-readmission risk was increased by 6.5% (95% CI 3.5% to 9.6%) for pneumonia, 4.8% (95% CI 2.3% to 7.4%) for dysrhythmia and conduction disorder, 3.7% (95% CI 1.4% to 6.0%) for heart failure and 2.7% (95% CI 1.2% to 4.2%) for other non-cardiac chest pain or respiratory syndrome-related causes. CONCLUSIONS Daily ambient PM2.5 was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular admissions and 30-day readmissions following cardiopulmonary-related discharges in a vulnerable end-stage renal disease population. In the first week following discharge, greater PM2.5-related risk of rehospitalisation was identified for some diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren H Wyatt
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park Campus, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yuzhi Xi
- US Environmental Protection Agency (ORISE), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Abhijit Kshirsagar
- University of North Carolina Kidney Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Qian Di
- Tsinghua University, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Cavin Ward-Caviness
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park Campus, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Timothy J Wade
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park Campus, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wayne E Cascio
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park Campus, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ana G Rappold
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park Campus, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Ailshire J, Brown LL. The Importance of Air Quality Policy for Older Adults and Diverse Communities. THE PUBLIC POLICY AND AGING REPORT 2020; 31:33-37. [PMID: 33462554 PMCID: PMC7799383 DOI: 10.1093/ppar/praa036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Ailshire
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California, USA
| | - Lauren L Brown
- Division of Health Management & Policy, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
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Accelerated epigenetic age as a biomarker of cardiovascular sensitivity to traffic-related air pollution. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:24141-24155. [PMID: 33289704 PMCID: PMC7762491 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accelerated epigenetic age has been proposed as a biomarker of increased aging, which may indicate disruptions in cellular and organ system homeostasis and thus contribute to sensitivity to environmental exposures. METHODS Using 497 participants from the CATHGEN cohort, we evaluated whether accelerated epigenetic aging increases cardiovascular sensitivity to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) exposure. We used residential proximity to major roadways and source apportioned air pollution models as measures of TRAP exposure, and chose peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and blood pressure as outcomes based on previous associations with TRAP. We used Horvath epigenetic age acceleration (AAD) and phenotypic age acceleration (PhenoAAD) as measures of age acceleration, and adjusted all models for chronological age, race, sex, smoking, and socioeconomic status. RESULTS We observed significant interactions between TRAP and both AAD and PhenoAAD. Interactions indicated that increased epigenetic age acceleration elevated associations between proximity to roadways and PAD. Interactions were also observed between AAD and gasoline and diesel source apportioned PM2.5. CONCLUSION Epigenetic age acceleration may be a biomarker of sensitivity to air pollution, particularly for TRAP in urban cohorts. This presents a novel means by which to understand sensitivity to air pollution and provides a molecular measure of environmental sensitivity.
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Elbarbary M, Oganesyan A, Honda T, Kelly P, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Morgan G, Guo Y, Negin J. Ambient air pollution, lung function and COPD: cross-sectional analysis from the WHO Study of AGEing and adult health wave 1. BMJ Open Respir Res 2020; 7:e000684. [PMID: 33334858 PMCID: PMC7747603 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution leads to respiratory morbidity and mortality; however, the evidence of the effect on lung function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in older adult populations is inconsistent. OBJECTIVE To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the associations between particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure and lung function, as well as COPD prevalence, in older Chinese adults. METHODS We used data from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) China Wave 1, which includes 111 693 participants from 64 townships in China. A cross-sectional analysis explored the association between satellite-based air pollution exposure estimates (PM with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤10 µm [PM10], ≤2.5 µm [PM2.5] and NO2) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), the FEV1/FVC ratio and COPD (defined as post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC <70%). Data on lung function changes were further stratified by COPD status. RESULTS Higher exposure to each pollutant was associated with lower lung function. An IQR (26.1 µg/m3) increase in PM2.5 was associated with lower FEV1 (-71.88 mL, 95% CI -92.13 to -51.64) and FEV1/FVC (-2.81 mL, 95% CI -3.37 to -2.25). For NO2, an IQR increment of 26.8 µg/m3 was associated with decreases in FEV1 (-60.12 mL, 95% CI -84.00 to -36.23) and FVC (-32.33 mL, 95% CI -56.35 to -8.32). A 31.2 µg/m3 IQR increase in PM10 was linked to reduced FEV1 (-8.86 mL, 95% CI -5.40 to 23.11) and FEV1/FVC (-1.85 mL, 95% CI -2.24 to -1.46). These associations were stronger for participants with COPD. Also, COPD prevalence was linked to higher levels of PM2.5 (POR 1.35, 95% CI 1.26 to 1.43), PM10 (POR 1.24, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.29) and NO2 (POR 1.04, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.11). CONCLUSION Ambient air pollution was associated with lower lung function, especially in individuals with COPD, and increased COPD prevalence in older Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Elbarbary
- School of Public health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Artem Oganesyan
- Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, National Institute of Health, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Trenton Honda
- Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrick Kelly
- School of Public health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Public health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash Medical School, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Morgan
- School of Public health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yanfei Guo
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Joel Negin
- School of Public health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Anderson DC, Grey T, Kennelly S, O'Neill D. Nursing Home Design and COVID-19: Balancing Infection Control, Quality of Life, and Resilience. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2020; 21:1519-1524. [PMID: 33138934 PMCID: PMC7603995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Many nursing home design models can have a negative impact on older people and these flaws have been compounded by Coronavirus Disease 2019 and related infection control failures. This article proposes that there is now an urgent need to examine these architectural design models and provide alternative and holistic models that balance infection control and quality of life at multiple spatial scales in existing and proposed settings. Moreover, this article argues that there is a convergence on many fronts between these issues and that certain design models and approaches that improve quality of life, will also benefit infection control, support greater resilience, and in turn improve overall pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Anderson
- Division of Geriatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Thomas Grey
- TrinityHaus Research Centre, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sean Kennelly
- Centre for Aging, Neuroscience and the Humanities, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Desmond O'Neill
- Centre for Aging, Neuroscience and the Humanities, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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Nieckarz Z, Zoladz JA. Low-cost air pollution monitoring system-an opportunity for reducing the health risk associated with physical activity in polluted air. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10041. [PMID: 33062442 PMCID: PMC7533060 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The issue of air pollution by particulate matter (PM) concerns many places in the world. At the same time, many residents undertake physical activity (recreation, rehabilitation, sport) in the open air. Generally, the amount of dust concentration depends on both the place (center or periphery of the city) and the time of day. In the present study we describe the outcome of monitoring of the state of air pollution by particle matter (PM10) in the Kraków agglomeration area in order to show that it can provide information concerning air quality in the area where people practice varied kinds of sports in the open air. The measurements of PM10 have been made by a few stations with identical construction working as one network. The details of the air pollution monitoring system and its data quality verification have been described. The network stations made multipoint observations across the Kraków Metropolitan Area during the year 2017 in eight locations. The locations selected represent a diverse spectrum of terrain conditions in which the Kraków agglomeration community undertakes physical activity. For most months of 2017, the minimum monthly average 4-hour PM10 concentrations were recorded between 10–14 h, regardless of location, whereas the maximum was between 18–22. We also noticed a huge differences in the average monthly value of PM10 in some locations within the Kraków agglomeration—ranging between 4.9–339.0 µg m−3. This indicates that some regions of the city are more suitable for performance of physical activity in the open air than others. In conclusion, we postulate that a low-cost air pollution monitoring system is capable of providing valuable information concerning air quality in a given region, which seems to be of importance also to people who practice varied sports activities in the open air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenon Nieckarz
- Experimental Computer Physics Department, Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Department of Muscle Physiology, Institute of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Rehabilitation, University School of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy A Zoladz
- Department of Muscle Physiology, Institute of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Rehabilitation, University School of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
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Coccia M. Factors determining the diffusion of COVID-19 and suggested strategy to prevent future accelerated viral infectivity similar to COVID. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 729:138474. [PMID: 32498152 PMCID: PMC7169901 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
This study has two goals. The first is to explain the geo-environmental determinants of the accelerated diffusion of COVID-19 that is generating a high level of deaths. The second is to suggest a strategy to cope with future epidemic threats similar to COVID-19 having an accelerated viral infectivity in society. Using data on sample of N = 55 Italian province capitals, and data of infected individuals at as of April 7th, 2020, results reveal that the accelerate and vast diffusion of COVID-19 in North Italy has a high association with air pollution of cities measured with days exceeding the limits set for PM10 (particulate matter 10 μm or less in diameter) or ozone. In particular, hinterland cities with average high number of days exceeding the limits set for PM10 (and also having a low wind speed) have a very high number of infected people on 7th April 2020 (arithmetic mean is about 2200 infected individuals, with average polluted days greater than 80 days per year), whereas coastal cities also having days exceeding the limits set for PM10 or ozone but with high wind speed have about 944.70 average infected individuals, with about 60 average polluted days per year; moreover, cities having more than 100 days of air pollution (exceeding the limits set for PM10), they have a very high average number of infected people (about 3350 infected individuals, 7th April 2020), whereas cities having less than 100 days of air pollution per year, they have a lower average number of infected people (about 1014 individuals). The findings here also suggest that to minimize the impact of future epidemics similar to COVID-19, the max number of days per year that Italian provincial capitals or similar industrialized cities can exceed the limits set for PM10 or for ozone, considering their meteorological conditions, is about 48 days. Moreover, results here reveal that the explanatory variable of air pollution in cities seems to be a more important predictor in the initial phase of diffusion of viral infectivity (on 17th March 2020, b1 = 1.27, p < 0.001) than interpersonal contacts (b2 = 0.31, p < 0.05). In the second phase of maturity of the transmission dynamics of COVID-19, air pollution reduces intensity (on 7th April 2020 with b'1 = 0.81, p < 0.001) also because of the indirect effect of lockdown, whereas regression coefficient of transmission based on interpersonal contacts has a stable level (b'2 = 0.31, p < 0.01). This result reveals that accelerated transmission dynamics of COVID-19 is due to mainly to the mechanism of "air pollution-to-human transmission" (airborne viral infectivity) rather than "human-to-human transmission". Overall, then, transmission dynamics of viral infectivity, such as COVID-19, is due to systemic causes: general factors that are the same for all regions (e.g., biological characteristics of virus, incubation period, etc.) and specific factors which are different for each region and/or city (e.g., complex interaction between air pollution, meteorological conditions and biological characteristics of viral infectivity) and health level of individuals (habits, immune system, age, sex, etc.). Lessons learned for COVID-19 in the case study here suggest that a proactive strategy to cope with future epidemics is also to apply especially an environmental and sustainable policy based on reduction of levels of air pollution mainly in hinterland and polluting cities- (having low wind speed, high percentage of moisture and number of fog days) -that seem to have an environment that foster a fast transmission dynamics of viral infectivity in society. Hence, in the presence of polluting industrialization in regions that can trigger the mechanism of air pollution-to-human transmission dynamics of viral infectivity, this study must conclude that a comprehensive strategy to prevent future epidemics similar to COVID-19 has to be also designed in environmental and socioeconomic terms, that is also based on sustainability science and environmental science, and not only in terms of biology, medicine, healthcare and health sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Coccia
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Research Institute on Sustainable Economic Growth, Collegio Carlo Alberto, Via Real Collegio, 30-10024 Moncalieri, Torino, Italy; Yale School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, Lauder Hall, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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Domingo JL, Rovira J. Effects of air pollutants on the transmission and severity of respiratory viral infections. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 187:109650. [PMID: 32416357 PMCID: PMC7211639 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ozone, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the outdoor air pollutants that are major factors in diseases, causing especially adverse respiratory effects in humans. On the other hand, the role of respiratory viruses in the pathogenesis of severe respiratory infections is an issue of great importance. The present literature review was aimed at assessing the potential effects of air pollutants on the transmission and severity of respiratory viral infections. We have reviewed the scientific literature regarding the association of outdoor air pollution and respiratory viruses on respiratory diseases. Evidence supports a clear association between air concentrations of some pollutants and human respiratory viruses interacting to adversely affect the respiratory system. Given the undoubted importance and topicality of the subject, we have paid special attention to the association between air pollutants and the transmission and severity of the effects caused by the coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2, which causes the COVID-19. Although to date, and by obvious reasons, the number of studies on this issue are still scarce, most results indicate that chronic exposure to air pollutants delays/complicates recovery of patients of COVID-19 and leads to more severe and lethal forms of this disease. This deserves immediate and in-depth experimental investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorens 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Joaquim Rovira
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorens 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avd. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
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Kuźma Ł, Struniawski K, Pogorzelski S, Bachórzewska-Gajewska H, Dobrzycki S. Gender Differences in Association between Air Pollution and Daily Mortality in the Capital of the Green Lungs of Poland-Population-Based Study with 2,953,000 Person-Years of Follow-Up. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2351. [PMID: 32717977 PMCID: PMC7464921 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Introduction: air pollution is considered to be one of the main risk factors for public health. According to the European Environment Agency (EEA), air pollution contributes to the premature deaths of approximately 500,000 citizens of the European Union (EU), including almost 5000 inhabitants of Poland every year. (2) Purpose: to assess the gender differences in the impact of air pollution on the mortality in the population of the city of Bialystok-the capital of the Green Lungs of Poland. (3) Materials and Methods: based on the data from the Central Statistical Office, the number-and causes of death-of Białystok residents in the period 2008-2017 were analyzed. The study utilized the data recorded by the Provincial Inspectorate for Environmental Protection station and the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management during the analysis period. Time series regression with Poisson distribution was used in statistical analysis. (4) Results: A total of 34,005 deaths had been recorded, in which women accounted for 47.5%. The proportion of cardiovascular-related deaths was 48% (n = 16,370). An increase of SO2 concentration by 1-µg/m3 (relative risk (RR) 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.12; p = 0.005) and a 10 °C decrease of temperature (RR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.05; p = 0.005) were related to an increase in the number of daily deaths. No gender differences in the impact of air pollution on mortality were observed. In the analysis of the subgroup of cardiovascular deaths, the main pollutant that was found to have an effect on daily mortality was particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5); the RR for 10-µg/m3 increase of PM2.5 was 1.07 (95% CI 1.02-1.12; p = 0.01), and this effect was noted only in the male population. (5) Conclusions: air quality and atmospheric conditions had an impact on the mortality of Bialystok residents. The main air pollutant that influenced the mortality rate was SO2, and there were no gender differences in the impact of this pollutant. In the male population, an increased exposure to PM2.5 concentration was associated with significantly higher cardiovascular mortality. These findings suggest that improving air quality, in particular, even with lower SO2 levels than currently allowed by the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, may benefit public health. Further studies on this topic are needed, but our results bring questions whether the recommendations concerning acceptable concentrations of air pollutants should be stricter, or is there a safe concentration of SO2 in the air at all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Kuźma
- Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (K.S.); (S.P.); (H.B.-G.); (S.D.)
| | - Krzysztof Struniawski
- Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (K.S.); (S.P.); (H.B.-G.); (S.D.)
| | - Szymon Pogorzelski
- Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (K.S.); (S.P.); (H.B.-G.); (S.D.)
| | - Hanna Bachórzewska-Gajewska
- Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (K.S.); (S.P.); (H.B.-G.); (S.D.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Sławomir Dobrzycki
- Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (K.S.); (S.P.); (H.B.-G.); (S.D.)
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Liu G, Sun B, Yu L, Chen J, Han B, Li Y, Chen J. The Gender-Based Differences in Vulnerability to Ambient Air Pollution and Cerebrovascular Disease Mortality: Evidences Based on 26781 Deaths. Glob Heart 2020; 15:46. [PMID: 32923340 PMCID: PMC7427691 DOI: 10.5334/gh.849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The gender-based differences in the vulnerability to ambient air pollution have not been widely explored. This study aimed to investigate vulnerability differences to the short-term effects of PM2.5, PM10 and O3 between cerebrovascular diseases (CEVD) deaths of men and women. The general additive models (GAMs) and distributed lag non-linear models (DLNMs) were adopted, and both single-pollutant and two-pollutant models were performed to analyze the associations between ambient air pollution and daily CEVD deaths. Both models indicated that O3 was the most suspicious pollutant that could induce excess CEVD deaths, and women tended to be more vulnerable to O3. These results were confirmed by seasonal analysis, in which we also found both genders were more vulnerable to O3 in winter. The exposure-response relationships revealed that women were usually more vulnerable to ambient air pollution than men, and the exposure-response curves differed significantly between genders. Our findings suggested that more attention should be paid on the adverse effects of ambient O3, and the protection of women CEVD population against air pollution should be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcong Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, CN
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Urban Ecology, Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenyang, CN
| | - Baijun Sun
- Shenyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, CN
| | - Lianzheng Yu
- Department of Noncommunicable Chronic Disease Prevention, Liaoning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, CN
| | - Jianping Chen
- Shenyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, CN
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, CN
| | - Yizhuo Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Urban Ecology, Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenyang, CN
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, CN
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Yu W, Guo Y, Shi L, Li S. The association between long-term exposure to low-level PM2.5 and mortality in the state of Queensland, Australia: A modelling study with the difference-in-differences approach. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003141. [PMID: 32555635 PMCID: PMC7302440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, few studies have investigated the causal relationship between mortality and long-term exposure to a low level of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations. METHODS AND FINDINGS We studied 242,320 registered deaths in Queensland between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2013, with satellite-retrieved annual average PM2.5 concentrations to each postcode. A variant of difference-in-differences (DID) approach was used to investigate the association of long-term PM2.5 exposure with total mortality and cause-specific (cardiovascular, respiratory, and non-accidental) mortality. We observed 217,510 non-accidental deaths, 133,661 cardiovascular deaths, and 30,748 respiratory deaths in Queensland during the study period. The annual average PM2.5 concentrations ranged from 1.6 to 9.0 μg/m3, which were well below the current World Health Organization (WHO) annual standard (10 μg/m3). Long-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with increased total mortality and cause-specific mortality. For each 1 μg/m3 increase in annual PM2.5, we found a 2.02% (95% CI 1.41%-2.63%; p < 0.01) increase in total mortality. Higher effect estimates were observed in Brisbane than those in Queensland for all types of mortality. A major limitation of our study is that the DID design is under the assumption that no predictors other than seasonal temperature exhibit different spatial-temporal variations in relation to PM2.5 exposure. However, if this assumption is violated (e.g., socioeconomic status [SES] and outdoor physical activities), the DID design is still subject to confounding. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with total, non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality in Queensland, Australia, where PM2.5 levels were measured well below the WHO air quality standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Liuhua Shi
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Lynch KM, Lyles RH, Waller LA, Abadi AM, Bell JE, Gribble MO. Drought severity and all-cause mortality rates among adults in the United States: 1968-2014. Environ Health 2020; 19:52. [PMID: 32423443 PMCID: PMC7236144 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00597-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the effect of drought on all-cause mortality, especially in higher income countries such as the United States. As the frequency and severity of droughts are likely to increase, understanding the connections between drought and mortality becomes increasingly important. METHODS Our exposure variable was an annual cumulative drought severity score based on the 1-month, county-level Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index. The outcome variables of demographic subgroup-specific all-cause mortality count data per year were obtained from the National Vital Statistics System. Any counts below 10 deaths were censored in that demographic group per county. We modeled county-stratum-year mortality using interval-censored negative binomial regression with county-level random intercepts, for each combined age-race-sex stratum either with or without further stratification by climate regions. Fixed effects meta-regression was used to test the associations between age, race, sex, and region with the drought-mortality regression coefficients. Predictive margins were then calculated from the meta-regression model to estimate larger subgroup (e.g., 'race' or 'sex') associations of drought with mortality. RESULTS Most of the results were null for associations between drought severity and mortality, across joint strata of race, age, sex and region, but incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for 17 subgroups were significant after accounting for the multiple testing; ten were < 1 indicating a possible protective effect of drought on mortality for that particular subpopulation. The meta-regression indicated heterogeneity in the association of drought with mortality according to race, climate region, and age, but not by sex. Marginal means of the estimated log-incidence rate ratios differed significantly from zero for age groups 25-34, 35-44, 45-54 and 55-64; for the white race group; and for the South, West and Southwest regions, in the analysis that included wet county-years. The margin of the meta-regression model suggested a slightly negative, but not statistically significant, association of drought with same-year mortality in the overall population. CONCLUSIONS There were significant, heterogeneous-direction associations in subpopulation-stratified models, after controlling for multiple comparisons, suggesting that the impacts of drought on mortality may not be monolithic across the United States. Meta-regression identified systematic differences in the associations of drought severity with all-cause mortality according to climate region, race, and age. These findings suggest there may be important contextual differences in the effects of drought severity on mortality, motivating further work focused on local mechanisms. We speculate that some of the estimated negative associations of drought severity with same-year mortality could be consistent with either a protective effect of drought on total mortality in the same year, or with a delayed health effect of drought beyond the same year. Further research is needed to clarify associations of drought with more specific causes of death and with sublethal health outcomes, for specific subpopulations, and considering lagged effects occurring beyond the same year as the drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Lynch
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robert H Lyles
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lance A Waller
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Azar M Abadi
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural, and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jesse E Bell
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural, and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Matthew O Gribble
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Coccia M. Two mechanisms for accelerated diffusion of COVID-19 outbreaks in regions with high intensity of population and polluting industrialization: the air pollution-to-human and human-to-human transmission dynamics.. [DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.06.20055657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractWhat is COVID-19?Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is viral infection that generates a severe acute respiratory syndrome with serious pneumonia that may result in progressive respiratory failure and death.What are the goals of this investigation?This study explains the geo-environmental determinants of the accelerated diffusion of COVID-19 in Italy that is generating a high level of deaths and suggests general lessons learned for a strategy to cope with future epidemics similar to COVID-19 to reduce viral infectivity and negative impacts in economic systems and society.What are the results of this study?The main results are:
The accelerate and vast diffusion of COVID-19 in North Italy has a high association with air pollution.Hinterland cities have average days of exceeding the limits set for PM10 (particulate matter 10 micrometers or less in diameter) equal to 80 days, and an average number of infected more than 2,000 individuals as of April 1st, 2020, coastal cities have days of exceeding the limits set for PM10 equal to 60 days and have about 700 infected in average.Cities that average number of 125 days exceeding the limits set for PM10, last year, they have an average number of infected individual higher than 3,200 units, whereas cities having less than 100 days (average number of 48 days) exceeding the limits set for PM10, they have an average number of about 900 infected individuals.The results reveal that accelerated transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in specific environments is due to two mechanisms given by: air pollution-to-human transmission and human-to-human transmission; in particular, the mechanisms of air pollution-to-human transmission play a critical role rather than human-to-human transmission.The finding here suggests that to minimize future epidemic similar to COVID-19, the max number of days per year in which cities can exceed the limits set for PM10 or for ozone, considering their meteorological condition, is less than 50 days. After this critical threshold, the analytical output here suggests that environmental inconsistencies because of the combination between air pollution and meteorological conditions (with high moisture%, low wind speed and fog) trigger a take-off of viral infectivity (accelerated epidemic diffusion) with damages for health of population, economy and society.What is a socioeconomic strategy to prevent future epidemics similar to COVID-19?Considering the complex interaction between air pollution, meteorological conditions and biological characteristics of viral infectivity, lessons learned for COVID-19 have to be applied for a proactive socioeconomic strategy to cope with future epidemics, especially an environmental policy based on reduction of air pollution mainly in hinterland zones of countries, having low wind speed, high percentage of moisture and fog that create an environment that can damage immune system of people and foster a fast transmission of viral infectivity similar to the COVID-19.This study must conclude that a strategy to prevent future epidemics similar to COVID 19 has also to be designed in environmental and sustainability science and not only in terms of biology.
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The Association of Ambient Air Pollution with Sleep Apnea: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2020; 16:363-370. [PMID: 30571166 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201804-248oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Air pollution may influence sleep through airway inflammation or autonomic nervous system pathway alterations. Epidemiological studies may provide evidence of relationships between chronic air pollution exposure and sleep apnea. OBJECTIVES To determine whether ambient-derived pollution exposure is associated with obstructive sleep apnea and objective sleep disruption. METHODS We analyzed data from a sample of participants in MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) who participated in both the Sleep and Air studies. Mean annual and 5-year exposure levels to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) were estimated at participants' homes using spatiotemporal models based on cohort-specific monitoring. Participants completed in-home full polysomnography and 7 days of wrist actigraphy. We used multivariate models, adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, socioeconomic factors, and site, to assess whether air pollution was associated with sleep apnea (apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 15) and actigraphy-measured sleep efficiency. RESULTS The participants (n = 1,974) were an average age of 68 (±9) years, 46% male, 36% white, 24% Hispanic, 28% black, and 12% Asian; 48% had sleep apnea and 25% had a sleep efficiency of ≤88%. A 10 ppb annual increase in NO2 exposure was associated with 39% greater adjusted odds of sleep apnea (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.87). A 5 μg/m3 greater annual PM2.5 exposure was also associated with 60% greater odds of sleep apnea (95% CI, 0.98-2.62). Sleep efficiency was not associated with air pollution levels in fully adjusted models. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with higher annual NO2 and PM2.5 exposure levels had a greater odds of sleep apnea. These data suggest that in addition to individual risk factors, environmental factors also contribute to the variation of sleep disorders across groups, possibly contributing to health disparities.
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Sarkar S, Khanna P, Garg R. Air pollution: A new challenge for anaesthesiologists! Indian J Anaesth 2020; 64:333-337. [PMID: 32489211 PMCID: PMC7259419 DOI: 10.4103/ija.ija_927_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Sarkar
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Dr. BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Puneet Khanna
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Dr. BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Garg
- Department of Onco-anaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, Dr. BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Rakesh Garg, Room No 139, Fist Floor, Department of Onco-anaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, Dr. BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi - 110 029, India. E-mail:
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Zhang J, Feng L, Hou C, Gu Q. Health benefits on cardiocerebrovascular disease of reducing exposure to ambient fine particulate matter in Tianjin, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:13261-13275. [PMID: 32020454 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07910-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With the development of the industrialization level in China, high concentrations of fine particulate matter (≤ 2.5 μg/m3 in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5)) could have a great impact on the health of the population. Our study is to quantify the health benefits on cardiocerebrovascular disease of reducing exposure to PM2.5 in Tianjin, China. We obtained the data on cardiovascular disease (CVD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), and cerebrovascular disease (CD) mortalities to quantify the association between CVD, CD, and IHD mortalities and PM2.5 and calculate health and economic benefits when the annual average concentration of PM2.5 was reduced to National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines by using our concentration response (C-R) functions. There were 435.22 (95% CI 253.86 to 616.57) all-cause, 130.22 (95% CI 66.34 to194.09) IHD, and 204.07 (95% CI 111.66 to 296.47) CD deaths attributed to PM2.5 and the economic benefits obtained by preventing all-cause, IHD, and CD mortalities were equivalent to be 2.79%, 0.83%, and 1.31% of Baodi's GDP in Tianjin in 2017, respectively. PM2.5 concentration was positive with all-cause, IHD, and CD mortalities in rural, suburban, and urban area of Tianjin, China. Meanwhile, the number of avoidable deaths and economic cost of reducing PM2.5 concentrations to NAAQS and WHO guidelines was highest in the rural area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 6 Huayue Rd., Tianjin, China
| | - Lihong Feng
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 6 Huayue Rd., Tianjin, China
| | - Changchun Hou
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 6 Huayue Rd., Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Gu
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 6 Huayue Rd., Tianjin, China.
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Rd., Tianjin, China.
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Shen Y, Chen Y, Huang Z, Huang J, Li X, Tian Z, Li J. Associations between untraditional risk factors, pneumonia/lung cancer, and hospital fatality among hypertensive men in Guangzhou downtown. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1425. [PMID: 31996724 PMCID: PMC6989521 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58207-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mortality of primary hypertension is high worldwide. Whether untraditional factors exist in modern life and affect the mortality is not well studied. The aim of the study was to evaluate the risk factors for fatality rate of hypertensive men in downtown area. A cross-sectional study was performed on hypertensive men, who were hospitalized into our hospital and lived in eligible urban areas. The characteristics of the patients and factors for the fatality were analyzed and of the risks or the contributors on the status were investigated. 14354 patients were identified. Mean age was 68.9 ± 12.4 year old (y) and dead ones was 75.9 ± 9.5 y. The overall hospitalized fatality was 5.9%, which was increased with age: fatality with 0.7%, 2.2%, 2.9%, 7.1%, 11.1% and 16.6% was for age group ≦ 49 y, 50–59 y, 60–69 y, 70–79 y, 80–89 y and ≧ 90 y respectively. The increased fatality was significantly positively correlated with the incidence of pneumonia, P < 0.05, r = 0.99. Pneumonia was prone to involve in men with older age and severer organ damage by hypertension. Similar to traditional risks such as coronary heart disease and stroke, pneumonia and lung cancer were also significantly associated with the fatality. Odds ratio (95% CI) for pneumonia and lung cancer were 6.18 (4.35–8.78) and 1.55 (1.14–2.11). The study provides evidence that pneumonia and lung cancer are highly associated with fatality of hypertensive men in downtown area, indicating that in order to reduce the fatality of hypertension, these lung diseases should be prevented and treated intensively in modern life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuechun Shen
- Departments of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuelin Chen
- Departments of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Huang
- Departments of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyao Huang
- Departments of Statistics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinchun Li
- Departments of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuojun Tian
- Departments of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Departments of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Levy I, Karakis I, Berman T, Amitay M, Barnett-Itzhaki Z. A hybrid model for evaluating exposure of the general population in Israel to air pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 192:4. [PMID: 31797164 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to air pollution is associated with a wide range of health effects, including increased respiratory symptoms, cancer, reproductive and birth defects, and premature death. Air quality measurements by standardized measuring equipment, although accurate, can only provide an estimate for part of the population, with decreasing accuracy further away from the monitoring sites. Estimating pollution levels over large geographical domains requires the use of air quality models which ideally incorporate air quality measurements. In order to estimate actual exposure of the population to air pollution (population-weighted concentrations of air pollutants), there is a need to combine data from air quality models with population density data. Here we present the results of exposure estimates for the entire population of Israel using a chemical transport model combined with measurements from the national monitoring network. We evaluated the individual exposure levels for the entire population to several air pollutants based on census tract units. Using this hybrid model, we found that the entire population of Israel is exposed to concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 that exceed the target values but are below the environmental values according to the Israeli Clean Air Law. In addition, we found and that over 1.5 million residents are exposed to NOx at concentrations higher than the target values. This data may help decision makers develop targeted interventions to reduce the concentrations of specific pollutants, based on population-weighted exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Levy
- Division of Air Quality and Climate Change, Ministry of Environmental Protection, 125 Menachem Begin Road, 61071, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Isabella Karakis
- Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, 39 Yirmiyahu Street, 9446724, Jerusalem, Israel
- Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Tamar Berman
- Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, 39 Yirmiyahu Street, 9446724, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Moshe Amitay
- School of Engineering, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel
- Research Center for Health Informatics, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel
| | - Zohar Barnett-Itzhaki
- Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, 39 Yirmiyahu Street, 9446724, Jerusalem, Israel.
- School of Engineering, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel.
- Research Center for Health Informatics, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel.
- Bioinformatics Department, School of Life and Health Science, Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Lee H, Lee E, Jang IY. Air Pollutants and Frailty in Older Adults: A Geriatrician's Perspective. Ann Geriatr Med Res 2019; 23:212-213. [PMID: 32743314 PMCID: PMC7370762 DOI: 10.4235/agmr.19.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heayon Lee
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunju Lee
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il-Young Jang
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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