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Nimal S, Kumbhar N, Saruchi, Rathore S, Naik N, Paymal S, Gacche RN. Apigenin and its combination with Vorinostat induces apoptotic-mediated cell death in TNBC by modulating the epigenetic and apoptotic regulators and related miRNAs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9540. [PMID: 38664447 PMCID: PMC11045774 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60395-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a metastatic disease and a formidable treatment challenge as it does not respond to existing therapies. Epigenetic regulators play a crucial role in the progression and metastasis by modulating the expression of anti-apoptotic, pro-apoptotic markers and related miRNAs in TNBC cells. We have investigated the anti-TNBC potential of dietary flavonoid 'Apigenin' and its combination with Vorinostat on MDA-MB-231 cells. At Apigenin generated ROS, inhibited cell migration, arrested the cell cycle at subG0/G1 phases, and induced apoptotic-mediated cell death. Apigenin reduced the expression of the class-I HDACs at the transcriptomic and proteomic levels. In the immunoblotting study, Apigenin has upregulated pro-apoptotic markers and downregulated anti-apoptotic proteins. Apigenin inhibited the enzymatic activity of HDAC/DNMT and increased HAT activity. Apigenin has manifested its effect on miRNA expression by upregulating the tumor-suppressor miR-200b and downregulation oncomiR-21. Combination study reduced the growth of TNBC cells synergistically by modulating the expression of epigenetic and apoptotic regulators. Molecular docking and MD simulations explored the mechanism of catalytic inhibition of HDAC1 and HDAC3 and supported the in-vitro studies. The overall studies demonstrated an anti-TNBC potential of Apigenin and may help to design an effective strategy to treat metastatic phenotype of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal Nimal
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (SPPU), Pune, 411007, Maharashtra (MS), India
| | - Navanath Kumbhar
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (SPPU), Pune, 411007, Maharashtra (MS), India
- Medical Information Management, Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, Maharashtra (MS), India
| | - Saruchi
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (SPPU), Pune, 411007, Maharashtra (MS), India
| | - Shriya Rathore
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (SPPU), Pune, 411007, Maharashtra (MS), India
| | - Nitin Naik
- Department of Microbiology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, Maharashtra (MS), India
| | - Sneha Paymal
- Department of Microbiology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, Maharashtra (MS), India
| | - Rajesh N Gacche
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (SPPU), Pune, 411007, Maharashtra (MS), India.
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Fan L, Liu J, Ju B, Lou D, Tian Y. A deep learning based holistic diagnosis system for immunohistochemistry interpretation and molecular subtyping. Neoplasia 2024; 50:100976. [PMID: 38412576 PMCID: PMC10904904 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2024.100976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer in different molecular subtypes, which is determined by the overexpression rates of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and Ki67, exhibit distinct symptom characteristics and sensitivity to different treatment. The immunohistochemical method, one of the most common detecting tools for tumour markers, is heavily relied on artificial judgment and in clinical practice, with an inherent limitation in interpreting stability and operating efficiency. Here, a holistic intelligent breast tumour diagnosis system has been developed for tumour-markeromic analysis, combining the automatic interpretation and clinical suggestion. METHODS The holistic intelligent breast tumour diagnosis system included two main modules. The interpreting modules were constructed based on convolutional neural network, for comprehensively extracting and analyzing the multi-features of immunostaining. Referring to the clinical classification criteria, the interpreting results were encoded in a low-dimensional feature representation in the subtyping module, to efficiently output a holistic detecting result of the critical tumour-markeromic with diagnosis suggestions on molecular subtypes. RESULTS The overexpression rates of HER2, ER, PR, and Ki67, as well as an effective determination of molecular subtypes were successfully obtained by this diagnosis system, with an average sensitivity of 97.6 % and an average specificity of 96.1 %, among those, the sensitivity and specificity for interpreting HER2 were up to 99.8 % and 96.9 %. CONCLUSION The holistic intelligent breast tumour diagnosis system shows improved performance in the interpretation of immunohistochemical images over pathologist-level, which can be expected to overcome the limitations of conventional manual interpretation in efficiency, precision, and repeatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fan
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering (Industry-Education Integration School), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China; Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
| | - Jiahe Liu
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering (Industry-Education Integration School), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Baoyang Ju
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering (Industry-Education Integration School), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Doudou Lou
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, PR China
| | - Yushen Tian
- School of Electrical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110870, PR China.
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Li J, Liang Y, Zhou S, Chen J, Wu C. UCHL1 contributes to insensitivity to endocrine therapy in triple-negative breast cancer by deubiquitinating and stabilizing KLF5. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:44. [PMID: 38468288 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) is a deubiquitinating enzyme that regulates ERα expression in triple-negative cancer (TNBC). This study aimed to explore the deubiquitination substrates of UCHL1 related to endocrine therapeutic responses and the mechanisms of UCHL1 dysregulation in TNBC. METHODS Bioinformatics analysis was conducted using online open databases. TNBC representative MDA-MB-468 and SUM149 cells were used for in vitro and in-vivo studies. Co-immunoprecipitation was used to explore the interaction between UCHL1 and KLF5 and UCHL1-mediated KIF5 deubiquitination. CCK-8, colony formation and animal studies were performed to assess endocrine therapy responses. The regulatory effect of TET1/3 on UCHL1 promoter methylation and transcription was performed by Bisulfite sequencing PCR and ChIP-qPCR. RESULTS UCHL1 interacts with KLF5 and stabilizes KLF5 by reducing its polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. The UCHL1-KLF5 axis collaboratively upregulates EGFR expression while downregulating ESR1 expression at both mRNA and protein levels in TNBC. UCHL1 knockdown slows the proliferation of TNBC cells and sensitizes the tumor cells to Tamoxifen and Fulvestrant. KLF5 overexpression partially reverses these trends. Both TET1 and TET3 can bind to the UCHL1 promoter region, reducing methylation of associated CpG sites and enhancing UCHL1 transcription in TNBC cell lines. Additionally, TET1 and TET3 elevates KLF5 protein level in a UCHL1-dependent manner. CONCLUSION UCHL1 plays a pivotal role in TNBC by deubiquitinating and stabilizing KLF5, contributing to endocrine therapy resistance. TET1 and TET3 promote UCHL1 transcription through promoter demethylation and maintain KLF5 protein level in a UCHL1-dependent manner, implying their potential as therapeutic targets in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, School of Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Department of Health Management & Institute of Health Management, School of Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shijie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, School of Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Chihua Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, School of Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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Abu Bakar NFAB, Yeo ZL, Hussin F, Madhavan P, Lim V, Jemon K, Prabhakaran P. Synergistic effects of combined cisplatin and Clinacanthus nutans extract on triple negative breast cancer cells. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2023; 18:1220-1236. [PMID: 37250812 PMCID: PMC10209459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most invasive breast cancer subtype enriched with cancer stem cells. TNBCs do not express estrogen, progesterone, or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) receptors, making them difficult to be targeted by existing chemotherapy treatments. In this study, we attempted to identify the effects of combined cisplatin and Clinacanthus nutans treatment on MDA-MD-231 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells, which represent TNBC subtypes. Methods The phytochemical fingerprint of C. nutans ethanolic leaf extract was evaluated by LC-MS/MS analysis. We investigated the effects of cisplatin (0-15.23 μg/mL), C. nutans (0-50 μg/mL), and a combination of cisplatin (3.05 μg/mL) and C. nutans (0-50 μg/mL), on cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, mRNA expression in cancer stem cells (CD49f, KLF4), and differentiation markers (TUBA1A, KRT18) in TNBC cells. In addition, we also studied the interaction between cisplatin and C. nutans. Results Derivatives of fatty acids, carboxylic acid ester, and glycosides, were identified as the major bioactive compounds with potential anticancer properties in C. nutans leaf extract. Reductions in cell viability (0-78%) and proliferation (2-77%), as well as a synergistic anticancer effect, were identified in TNBC cells when treated with a combination of cisplatin and C. nutans. Furthermore, apoptotic induction via increased caspase-3/7 activity (MDA-MB-231: 2.73-fold; MDA-MB-468: 3.53-fold), and a reduction in cell invasion capacity to 36%, were detected in TNBC cells when compared to single cisplatin and C. nutans treatments. At the mRNA level, cisplatin and C. nutans differentially regulated specific genes that are responsible for proliferation and differentiation. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that the combination of cisplatin and C. nutans represents a potential treatment for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhin Leng Yeo
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Faisal Hussin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Priya Madhavan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Vuanghao Lim
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Khairunadwa Jemon
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Praseetha Prabhakaran
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
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Khan SU, Rayees S, Sharma P, Malik F. Targeting redox regulation and autophagy systems in cancer stem cells. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:1405-1423. [PMID: 36473988 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00955-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a dysregulated cellular level pathological condition that results in tumor formation followed by metastasis. In the heterogeneous tumor architecture, cancer stem cells (CSCs) are essential to push forward the progression of tumors due to their strong pro-tumor properties such as stemness, self-renewal, plasticity, metastasis, and being poorly responsive to radiotherapy and chemotherapeutic agents. Cancer stem cells have the ability to withstand various stress pressures by modulating transcriptional and translational mechanisms, and adaptable metabolic changes. Owing to CSCs heterogeneity and plasticity, these cells display varied metabolic and redox profiles across different types of cancers. It has been established that there is a disparity in the levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generated in CSCs vs Non-CSC and these differential levels are detected across different tumors. CSCs have unique metabolic demands and are known to change plasticity during metastasis by passing through the interchangeable epithelial and mesenchymal-like phenotypes. During the metastatic process, tumor cells undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) thus attaining invasive properties while leaving the primary tumor site, similarly during the course of circulation and extravasation at a distant organ, these cells regain their epithelial characteristics through Mesenchymal to Epithelial Transition (MET) to initiate micrometastasis. It has been evidenced that levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and associated metabolic activities vary between the epithelial and mesenchymal states of CSCs. Similarly, the levels of oxidative and metabolic states were observed to get altered in CSCs post-drug treatments. As oxidative and metabolic changes guide the onset of autophagy in cells, its role in self-renewal, quiescence, proliferation and response to drug treatment is well established. This review will highlight the molecular mechanisms useful for expanding therapeutic strategies based on modulating redox regulation and autophagy activation to targets. Specifically, we will account for the mounting data that focus on the role of ROS generated by different metabolic pathways and autophagy regulation in eradicating stem-like cells hereafter referred to as cancer stem cells (CSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Ullah Khan
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar, 190005, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sheikh Rayees
- PK PD Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar, 190005, India
| | - Fayaz Malik
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar, 190005, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Coria-Rodríguez H, Ochoa S, de Anda-Jáuregui G, Hernández-Lemus E. Drug repurposing for Basal breast cancer subpopulations using modular network signatures. Comput Biol Chem 2023; 105:107902. [PMID: 37348299 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2023.107902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is characterized as being a heterogeneous pathology with a broad phenotype variability. Breast cancer subtypes have been developed in order to capture some of this heterogeneity. Each of these breast cancer subtypes, in turns retains varied characteristic features impacting diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutics. Basal breast tumors, in particular have been challenging in these regards. Basal breast cancer is often more aggressive, of rapid evolution and no tailor-made targeted therapies are available yet to treat it. Arguably, epigenetic variability is behind some of these intricacies. It is possible to further classify basal breast tumor in groups based on their non-coding transcriptome and methylome profiles. It is expected that these groups will have differences in survival as well as in sensitivity to certain classes of drugs. With this in mind, we implemented a computational learning approach to infer different subpopulations of basal breast cancer (from TCGA multi-omic data) based on their epigenetic signatures. Such epigenomic signatures were associated with different survival profiles; we then identified their associated gene co-expression network structure, extracted a signature based on modules within these networks, and use these signatures to find and prioritize drugs (in the LINCS dataset) that may be used to target these types of cancer. In this way we are introducing the analytical workflow for an epigenomic signature-based drug repurposing structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiram Coria-Rodríguez
- Computational Genomics Division, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Periferico Sur 4809, Mexico City, 14610, Mexico
| | - Soledad Ochoa
- Computational Genomics Division, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Periferico Sur 4809, Mexico City, 14610, Mexico
| | - Guillermo de Anda-Jáuregui
- Computational Genomics Division, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Periferico Sur 4809, Mexico City, 14610, Mexico; Center for Complexity Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico; Catedras Conacyt, National Council on Science and Technology, Insurgentes Sur, Mexico City, 03940, Mexico.
| | - Enrique Hernández-Lemus
- Computational Genomics Division, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Periferico Sur 4809, Mexico City, 14610, Mexico; Center for Complexity Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.
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Li M, Lin C, Cai Z. Breast cancer stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles transfer ARRDC1-AS1 to promote breast carcinogenesis via a miR-4731-5p/AKT1 axis-dependent mechanism. Transl Oncol 2023; 31:101639. [PMID: 36801666 PMCID: PMC9971553 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Deregulation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been frequently reported in breast cancer (BC). This goes to show the importance of understanding its significant contribution towards breast carcinogenesis. In the present study, we clarified a carcinogenic mechanism based on the ARRDC1-AS1 delivered by breast cancer stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles (BCSCs-EVs) in BC. METHODS The isolated and well characterized BCSCs-EVs were co-cultured with BC cells. The expression of ARRDC1-AS1, miR-4731-5p, and AKT1 was determined in BC cell lines. BC cells were assayed for their viability, invasion, migration and apoptosis in vitro by CCK-8, Transwell and flow cytometry, as well as tumor growth in vivo after loss- and gain-of function assays. Dual-luciferase reporter gene, RIP and RNA pull-down assays were performed to determine the interactions among ARRDC1-AS1, miR-4731-5p, and AKT1. RESULTS Elevation of ARRDC1-AS1 and AKT1 as well as miR-4731-5p downregulation were observed in BC cells. ARRDC1-AS1 was enriched in BCSCs-EVs. Furthermore, EVs containing ARRDC1-AS1 enhanced the BC cell viability, invasion and migration and glutamate concentration. Mechanistically, ARRDC1-AS1 elevated the expression of AKT1 by competitively binding to miR-4731-5p. ARRDC1-AS1-containing EVs were also found to enhance tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSION Collectively, BCSCs-EVs-mediated delivery of ARRDC1-AS1 may promote the malignant phenotypes of BC cells via the miR-4731-5p/AKT1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Li
- Area N4 of Surgical Oncology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 1028, Anji South Road, Fengze District, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China.
| | - Conglin Lin
- Area N4 of Surgical Oncology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 1028, Anji South Road, Fengze District, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Zhibing Cai
- Area N4 of Surgical Oncology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 1028, Anji South Road, Fengze District, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
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Akhouayri L, Ostano P, Mello-Grand M, Gregnanin I, Crivelli F, Laurora S, Liscia D, Leone F, Santoro A, Mulè A, Guarino D, Maggiore C, Carlino A, Magno S, Scatolini M, Di Leone A, Masetti R, Chiorino G. Identification of a minimum number of genes to predict triple-negative breast cancer subgroups from gene expression profiles. Hum Genomics 2022; 16:70. [PMID: 36536459 PMCID: PMC9764480 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-022-00436-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a very heterogeneous disease. Several gene expression and mutation profiling approaches were used to classify it, and all converged to the identification of distinct molecular subtypes, with some overlapping across different approaches. However, a standardised tool to routinely classify TNBC in the clinics and guide personalised treatment is lacking. We aimed at defining a specific gene signature for each of the six TNBC subtypes proposed by Lehman et al. in 2011 (basal-like 1 (BL1); basal-like 2 (BL2); mesenchymal (M); immunomodulatory (IM); mesenchymal stem-like (MSL); and luminal androgen receptor (LAR)), to be able to accurately predict them. METHODS Lehman's TNBCtype subtyping tool was applied to RNA-sequencing data from 482 TNBC (GSE164458), and a minimal subtype-specific gene signature was defined by combining two class comparison techniques with seven attribute selection methods. Several machine learning algorithms for subtype prediction were used, and the best classifier was applied on microarray data from 72 Italian TNBC and on the TNBC subset of the BRCA-TCGA data set. RESULTS We identified two signatures with the 120 and 81 top up- and downregulated genes that define the six TNBC subtypes, with prediction accuracy ranging from 88.6 to 89.4%, and even improving after removal of the least important genes. Network analysis was used to identify highly interconnected genes within each subgroup. Two druggable matrix metalloproteinases were found in the BL1 and BL2 subsets, and several druggable targets were complementary to androgen receptor or aromatase in the LAR subset. Several secondary drug-target interactions were found among the upregulated genes in the M, IM and MSL subsets. CONCLUSIONS Our study took full advantage of available TNBC data sets to stratify samples and genes into distinct subtypes, according to gene expression profiles. The development of a data mining approach to acquire a large amount of information from several data sets has allowed us to identify a well-determined minimal number of genes that may help in the recognition of TNBC subtypes. These genes, most of which have been previously found to be associated with breast cancer, have the potential to become novel diagnostic markers and/or therapeutic targets for specific TNBC subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Akhouayri
- grid.412148.a0000 0001 2180 2473Department of Biomedical Sciences, Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II-Casablanca University, Casablanca, Morocco ,grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Ostano
- grid.452265.2Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Gregnanin
- grid.452265.2Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | - Francesca Crivelli
- grid.452265.2Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy ,Clinical Research Division, “Degli Infermi” Hospital, Ponderano, BI Italy
| | - Sara Laurora
- grid.452265.2Molecular Oncology Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | - Daniele Liscia
- Pathology Department, “Degli Infermi” Hospital, Ponderano, BI Italy
| | - Francesco Leone
- Oncology Department, “Degli Infermi” Hospital, Ponderano, BI Italy
| | - Angela Santoro
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Mulè
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Guarino
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Maggiore
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Carlino
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Magno
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Scatolini
- grid.452265.2Molecular Oncology Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | - Alba Di Leone
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Masetti
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- grid.452265.2Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
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Analysis of Intrinsic Breast Cancer Subtypes: The Clinical Utility of Epigenetic Biomarkers and TP53 Mutation Status in Triple-Negative Cases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315429. [PMID: 36499753 PMCID: PMC9741387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at analyzing the DNA methylation pattern and TP53 mutation status of intrinsic breast cancer (BC) subtypes for improved characterization and survival prediction. DNA methylation of 17 genes was tested by methylation-specific PCR in 116 non-familial BRCA mutation-negative BC and 29 control noncancerous cases. At least one gene methylation was detected in all BC specimens and a 10-gene panel statistically significantly separated tumors from noncancerous breast tissues. Methylation of FILIP1L and MT1E was predominant in triple-negative (TN) BC, while other BC subtypes were characterized by RASSF1, PRKCB, MT1G, APC, and RUNX3 hypermethylation. TP53 mutation (TP53-mut) was found in 38% of sequenced samples and mainly affected TN BC cases (87%). Cox analysis revealed that TN status, age at diagnosis, and RUNX3 methylation are independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) in BC. The combinations of methylated biomarkers, RUNX3 with MT1E or FILIP1L, were also predictive for shorter OS, whereas methylated FILIP1L was predictive of a poor outcome in the TP53-mut subgroup. Therefore, DNA methylation patterns of specific genes significantly separate BC from noncancerous breast tissues and distinguishes TN cases from non-TN BC, whereas the combination of two-to-three epigenetic biomarkers can be an informative tool for BC outcome predictions.
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Jia X, Wang K, Xu L, Li N, Zhao Z, Li M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of BRCA1/2 mutation for predicting the effect of platinum-based chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer. Breast 2022; 66:31-39. [PMID: 36096071 PMCID: PMC9471971 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Platinum-based chemotherapy (PBC) remains the mainstay of treatments for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). TNBC is a heterogeneous group, the issue of whether BRCA1/2 mutation carriers have a particular sensitivity to platinum agents is inconclusive. We conducted a meta-analysis to explore the relationship between BRCA1/2 mutation and PBC susceptibility in individuals with TNBC, aiming to gain more information on the size of the benefit of PBC in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. MATERIALS AND METHODS All studies applying PBC with a subgroup of BRCA1/2 status were included. All endpoints, including pCR and RCB in the neoadjuvant phase, DFS in the adjuvant phase, ORR, PFS, and OS in the advanced phase, were assessed using HRs and 95% Cl. RESULTS From the 22 studies included, there were 2158 patients with TNBC, with 392 (18%) bearing the BRCA1/2 gene mutation. Based on 13 studies applying neoadjuvant PBC, we discovered that BRCA1/2 mutation was substantially associated with a 17.6% increased pCR rate (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.17-1.49, p < 0.00001; I2 = 51%). Same result was observed in RCB0/I index (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.08-1.76, P = 0.009; I2 = 0%). The meta-analysis of 6 trials addressing advanced therapy revealed that ORR rates were significantly higher in patients with BRCA1/2 mutation (HR 1.91, 95% CI 1.48-2.47, p < 0.00001; I2 = 32%), as well as PFS(HR 1.13, 95% CI 0.81-1.57, P = 0.47; I2 = 0%) and OS (HR 1.89, 95% CI 1.22-2.92, P = 0.004; I2 = 0%). CONCLUSION According to our meta-analysis of 22 trials in TNBC, BRCA1/2 mutation carriers were significantly more sensitive to PBC regimens, especially in neoadjuvant and advanced therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Jia
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Kainan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingzhi Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Foreign Language, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116050, China
| | - Zuowei Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Man Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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11
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Pharmacological and analytical aspects of alkannin/shikonin and their derivatives: An update from 2008 to 2022. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2022; 14:511-527. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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12
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Fultang N, Chakraborty M, Peethambaran B. Regulation of cancer stem cells in triple negative breast cancer. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2022; 4:321-342. [PMID: 35582030 PMCID: PMC9019272 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is the most lethal subtype of breast cancer. Despite the successes of emerging targeted therapies, relapse, recurrence, and therapy failure rates in TNBC significantly outpace other subtypes of breast cancer. Mounting evidence suggests accumulation of therapy resistant Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) populations within TNBCs contributes to poor clinical outcomes. These CSCs are enriched in TNBC compared to non-TNBC breast cancers. The mechanisms underlying CSC accumulation have been well-characterized and discussed in other reviews. In this review, we focus on TNBC-specific mechanisms that allow the expansion and activity of self-renewing CSCs. We highlight cellular signaling pathways and transcription factors, specifically enriched in TNBC over non-TNBC breast cancer, contributing to stemness. We also analyze publicly available single-cell RNA-seq data from basal breast cancer tumors to highlight the potential of emerging bioinformatic approaches in identifying novel drivers of stemness in TNBC and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Fultang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Madhuparna Chakraborty
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Bela Peethambaran
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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13
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Muhammad A, Forcados GE, Katsayal BS, Bako RS, Aminu S, Sadiq IZ, Abubakar MB, Yusuf AP, Malami I, Faruk M, Ibrahim S, Pase PA, Ahmed S, Abubakar IB, Abubakar M, Yates C. Potential epigenetic modifications implicated in triple- to quadruple-negative breast cancer transition: a review. Epigenomics 2022; 14:711-726. [PMID: 35473304 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2022-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Current research on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has resulted in delineation into the quadruple-negative breast cancer (QNBC) subgroup. Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, histone posttranslational modifications and associated changes in chromatin architecture have been implicated in breast cancer pathogenesis. Herein, the authors highlight genes with observed epigenetic modifications that are associated with more aggressive TNBC/QNBC pathogenesis and possible interventions. Advanced literature searches were done on PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Google Scholar. The results suggest that nine epigenetically altered genes/differentially expressed proteins in addition to the downregulated androgen receptor are associated with TNBC aggressiveness and could be implicated in the TNBC to QNBC transition. Thus, restoring the normal expression of these genes via epigenetic reprogramming could be therapeutically beneficial to TNBC and QNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliyu Muhammad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.,Center for Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | | | - Babangida Sanusi Katsayal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Rabiatu Suleiman Bako
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Suleiman Aminu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Idris Zubairu Sadiq
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Murtala Bello Abubakar
- Department of Physiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B 2254, Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria.,Centre for Advanced Medical Research & Training (CAMRET), Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B 2254, Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria
| | | | - Ibrahim Malami
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B 2254, Sokoto, Nigeria.,Centre for Advanced Medical Research & Training (CAMRET), Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B 2254, Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Faruk
- Department of Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Sani Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Peter Abur Pase
- Department of Surgery, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Saad Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Babangida Abubakar
- Deparment of Biochemistry, Kebbi State University of Science & Technology, PMB 1144, Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria
| | - Murtala Abubakar
- Department of Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Clayton Yates
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
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14
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Role of histone demethylases and histone methyltransferases in triple-negative breast cancer: Epigenetic mnemonics. Life Sci 2022; 292:120321. [PMID: 35031259 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a particularly lethal subtype of breast cancer owing to its heterogeneity, high drug resistance, poor prognosis and lack of therapeutic targets. Recent insights into the complexity of TNBC have been explained by epigenetic regulation and its ability to modulate certain oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. This has opened an emerging area in anti-cancer therapy using epigenetic modulating drugs, highlighting the epigenetic reprogramming during tumorigenesis and tumour development. Histone methylation and demethylation are such dynamic epigenetic mechanisms mediated by histone methyltransferases (HMTs) and histone demethylases (HDMs), respectively. The interplay between HMTs and HDMs in histone methylation extrapolates their viability as druggable epigenetic targets in TNBC. In this review, we aim to summarize recent progress in the field of epigenetics focusing on HMTs and HDMs in TNBC development and their potential use in targeted therapy for TNBC management.
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15
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Zhang M, Meng M, Liu Y, Qi J, Zhao Z, Qiao Y, Hu Y, Lu W, Zhou Z, Xu P, Zhou Q. Triptonide effectively inhibits triple-negative breast cancer metastasis through concurrent degradation of Twist1 and Notch1 oncoproteins. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:116. [PMID: 34922602 PMCID: PMC8684143 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01488-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly metastatic and lethal. Due to a lack of druggable targets for this disease, there are no effective therapies in the clinic. Methods We used TNBC cells and xenografted mice as models to explore triptonide-mediated inhibition of TNBC metastasis and tumor growth. Colony formation assay was used to quantify the tumorigenesis of TNBC cells. Wound-healing and cell trans-well assays were utilized to measure cell migration and invasion. Tube formation assay was applied to access tumor cell-mediated vasculogenic mimicry. Western blot, quantitative-PCR, immunofluorescence imaging, and immunohistochemical staining were used to measure the expression levels of various tumorigenic genes in TNBC cells. Results Here, we showed that triptonide, a small molecule from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, potently inhibited TNBC cell migration, invasion, and vasculogenic mimicry, and effectively suppressed TNBC tumor growth and lung metastasis in xenografted mice with no observable toxicity. Molecular mechanistic studies revealed that triptonide strongly triggered the degradation of master epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-inducing protein Twist1 through the lysosomal system and reduced Notch1 expression and NF-κB phosphorylation, which consequently diminished the expression of pro-metastatic and angiogenic genes N-cadherin, VE-cadherin, and vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). Conclusions Triptonide effectively suppressed TNBC cell tumorigenesis, vasculogenic mimicry, and strongly inhibited the metastasis of TNBC via degradation of Twist1 and Notch1 oncoproteins, downregulation of metastatic and angiogenic gene expression, and reduction of NF-κB signaling pathway. Our findings provide a new strategy for treating highly lethal TNBC and offer a potential new drug candidate for combatting this aggressive disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13058-021-01488-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Meng
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxi Liu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jindan Qi
- School of Nursing, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingnan Qiao
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxing Hu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Lu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Xu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Quansheng Zhou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Ray SK, Mukherjee S. Epigenetic Reprogramming and Landscape of Transcriptomic Interactions: Impending Therapeutic Interference of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Molecular Medicine. Curr Mol Med 2021; 22:835-850. [PMID: 34872474 DOI: 10.2174/1566524021666211206092437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms governing the development and progression of cancers are believed to be the consequence of hereditary deformities and epigenetic modifications. Accordingly, epigenetics has become an incredible and progressively explored field of research to discover better prevention and therapy for neoplasia, especially triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). It represents 15-20% of all invasive breast cancers and will, in general, have bellicose histological highlights and poor clinical outcomes. In the early phases of triple-negative breast carcinogenesis, epigenetic deregulation modifies chromatin structure and influences the plasticity of cells. It up-keeps the oncogenic reprogramming of malignant progenitor cells with the acquisition of unrestrained selfrenewal capacities. Genomic impulsiveness in TNBC prompts mutations, copy number variations, as well as genetic rearrangements, while epigenetic remodeling includes an amendment by DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs of gene expression profiles. It is currently evident that epigenetic mechanisms assume a significant part in the pathogenesis, maintenance, and therapeutic resistance of TNBC. Although TNBC is a heterogeneous malaise that is perplexing to describe and treat, the ongoing explosion of genetic and epigenetic research will help to expand these endeavors. Latest developments in transcriptome analysis have reformed our understanding of human diseases, including TNBC at the molecular medicine level. It is appealing to envision transcriptomic biomarkers to comprehend tumor behavior more readily regarding its cellular microenvironment. Understanding these essential biomarkers and molecular changes will propel our capability to treat TNBC adequately. This review will depict the different aspects of epigenetics and the landscape of transcriptomics in triple-negative breast carcinogenesis and their impending application for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment decision with the view of molecular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sukhes Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry All India Institute of Medical Sciences. Bhopal, Madhya pradesh-462020. India
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17
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Rezaei M, Shahouzehi B, Rahemi S, Fallah H, Salarkarimi M. Effect of IRAK1/4 inhibitor on IL-1β, IL-6, INF-γ and TNF-α expression in breast cancer cells of several lines. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj93.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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18
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Shahouzehi B, Masoumi-Ardakani Y, Aminizadeh S, Nasri H. Expression of antioxidant enzymes genes in the liver and cardiac tissues of rats under L-carnitine administration and high-intensity. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj93.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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19
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Molecular epigenetic dynamics in breast carcinogenesis. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:741-763. [PMID: 34392501 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer has become one of the most common dreadful diseases that target women across the globe. The most obvious reasons we associate with it are either genetic mutations or dysregulation of pathways. However, there is yet another domain that has a significant role in influencing the genetic mutations and pathways. Epigenetic mechanisms influence these pathways either independently or in association with genetic mutations, thereby expediting the process of breast carcinogenesis. Breast cancer is governed by various transduction pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, NOTCH, β Catenin, NF-kB, Hedgehog, etc. There are many proteins as well that serve to be tumor suppressors but somehow lose their ability to function. This may be because of either genetic mutation or a process that represses their function. Apart from these, there are a lot of individual factors like puberty, breastfeeding, abortion, parity, circadian rhythm, alcohol consumption, pollutants, and obesity that drive these mutations and hence alter the pathways. Epigenetic mechanisms like DNA methylation, histone modifications, and lncRNAs directly or indirectly bring alterations in the proteins that are involved in the pathways. They do this by either promoting the transcription of genes or by repressing it at the ground genetic level that advances breast carcinogenesis. Epigenetics precedes genetic mutation in driving carcinogenesis and so, it needs to be explored further to diversify the possibilities of target specific treatments. In this review, the general role of DNA methylation, histone modification, and lncRNAs in breast cancer and their role in influencing the oncogenic signaling pathways along with the various factors governing them have been discussed for a better understanding of the role of epigenetics in breast carcinogenesis.
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20
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Kaleem M, Perwaiz M, Nur SM, Abdulrahman AO, Ahmad W, Al-Abbasi FA, Kumar V, Kamal MA, Anwar F. Epigenetics of Triple-negative breast cancer via natural compounds. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1436-1458. [PMID: 34238140 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210707165530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly resistant, lethal, and metastatic sub-division of breast carcinoma, characterized by the deficiency of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). In women, TNBC shows a higher aggressive behavior with poor patient prognosis and a higher recurrence rate during reproductive age. TNBC is defined by the presence of epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT), which shows a significant role in cancer progression. At the epigenetic level, TNBC is characterized by epigenetic signatures, such as DNA methylation, histone remodeling, and a host of miRNA, MiR-193, LncRNA, HIF-2α, eEF2K, LIN9/NEK2, IMP3, LISCH7/TGF-β1, GD3s and KLK12 mediated regulation. These modifications either are silenced or activate the necessary genes that are prevalent in TNBC. The review is based on epigenetic mediated mechanistic changes in TNBC. Furthermore, Thymoquinone (TQ), Regorafenib, Fangjihuangqi decoction, Saikosaponin A, and Huaier, etc., are potent antitumor natural compounds extensively reported in the literature. Further, the review emphasizes the role of these natural compounds in TNBC and their possible epigenetic targets, which can be utilized as a potential therapeutic strategy in treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Kaleem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam Perwaiz
- Department of Sciences, University of Toronto. Mississauga. Canada
| | - Suza Mohammad Nur
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Kuliyate Tib, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Kottigepalya, Bengaluru, India
| | - Fahad A Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Natural Product Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health and Allied Sciences. SHUATS, Naini, Prayagraj, India
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- West China School of Nursing / Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Firoz Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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The Roles of DNA Demethylases in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070628. [PMID: 34209564 PMCID: PMC8308559 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are very heterogenous, molecularly diverse, and are characterized by a high propensity to relapse or metastasize. Clinically, TNBC remains a diagnosis of exclusion by the lack of hormone receptors (Estrogen Receptor (ER) and Progesterone Receptor (PR)) as well as the absence of overexpression and/or amplification of HER2. DNA methylation plays an important role in breast cancer carcinogenesis and TNBCs have a distinct DNA methylation profile characterized by marked hypomethylation and lower gains of methylations compared to all other subtypes. DNA methylation is regulated by the balance of DNA methylases (DNMTs) and DNA demethylases (TETs). Here, we review the roles of TETs as context-dependent tumor-suppressor genes and/or oncogenes in solid tumors, and we discuss the current understandings of the oncogenic role of TET1 and its therapeutic implications in TNBCs.
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Mueller S, Dennison G, Liu S. An Assessment on Ethanol-Blended Gasoline/Diesel Fuels on Cancer Risk and Mortality. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6930. [PMID: 34203568 PMCID: PMC8297295 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although cancer is traditionally considered a genetic disease, the epigenetic abnormalities, including DNA hypermethylation, histone deacetylation, and/or microRNA dysregulation, have been demonstrated as a hallmark of cancer. Compared with gene mutations, aberrant epigenetic changes occur more frequently, and cellular epigenome is more susceptible to change by environmental factors. Excess cancer risks are positively associated with exposure to occupational and environmental chemical carcinogens, including those from gasoline combustion exhausted in vehicles. Of note, previous studies proposed particulate matter index (PMI) as a measure for gasoline sooting tendency, and showed that, compared with the other molecules in gasoline, 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene, 2-methylnaphthalene and toluene significantly contribute to PMI of the gasoline blends. Mechanistically, both epigenome and genome are important in carcinogenicity, and the genotoxicity of chemical agents has been thoroughly studied. However, less effort has been put into studying the epigenotoxicity. Moreover, as the blending of ethanol into gasoline substitutes for carcinogens, like benzene, toluene, xylene, butadiene, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, etc., a reduction of secondary aromatics has been achieved in the atmosphere. This may lead to diminished cancer initiation and progression through altered cellular epigenetic landscape. The present review summarizes the most important findings in the literature on the association between exposures to carcinogens from gasoline combustion, cancer epigenetics and the potential epigenetic impacts of biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Mueller
- Energy Resources Center, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
| | - Gail Dennison
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA;
| | - Shujun Liu
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA;
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Hamadneh L, Abu-Irmaileh B, Al-Majawleh M, Bustanji Y, Jarrar Y, Al-Qirim T. Doxorubicin-paclitaxel sequential treatment: insights of DNA methylation and gene expression changes of luminal A and triple negative breast cancer cell lines. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3647-3654. [PMID: 34050450 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04191-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the significant causes of death among women diagnosed with cancer worldwide. Even though several chemotherapy combinations are still the primary treatment of breast cancer, unsuccessful treatments, and poor prognostic outcomes are still being reported. DNA methylation and gene expression changes among two breast cancer cell lines representing luminal A (MCF-7) and triple-negative (MDA-MB-231) cancers were determined after sequential combination treatment of doxorubicin and paclitaxel and analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Promoter methylation changes were seen in different treated MCF-7 cells and accompanied by changes in the gene expression of CCNA1 and PTGS2. In MDA-MB-231 cells, the hypomethylation of ESR1 was not accompanied by an increase in its gene expression in any treated cells. The hypomethylation of GSTP1 and MGMT was accompanied by an increase in gene expression levels in the group treated with doxorubicin only. Also, significant downregulation of several genes like MUC1 and MKI67 in MCF-7 cells treated with doxorubicin showed much lower gene expression (- 37.63, - 10.88 folds) when compared with cells treated with paclitaxel (- 2.47, - 2.05 folds) or the combination treatment (- 18.99, - 2.81 folds), respectively. On the other hand, a synergistic effect on MMP9 gene expression was significantly seen in MDA-MB-231 cells treated with the combination (- 9.99 folds) in comparison with the cells treated with doxorubicin (- 3.62 folds) or paclitaxel (1.75 folds) alone. Chemotherapy combinations do not always augment the molecular changes seen in each drug alone, and these changes could be utilized as treatment response markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama Hamadneh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AL-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, 11733, Jordan.
| | - Bashaer Abu-Irmaileh
- Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - May Al-Majawleh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AL-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, 11733, Jordan
| | - Yasser Bustanji
- Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AL-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, 11733, Jordan
| | - Tariq Al-Qirim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AL-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, 11733, Jordan
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24
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Noureddine LM, Trédan O, Hussein N, Badran B, Le Romancer M, Poulard C. Glucocorticoid Receptor: A Multifaceted Actor in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094446. [PMID: 33923160 PMCID: PMC8123001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide. Even though the role of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is extensively documented in the development of breast tumors, other members of the nuclear receptor family have emerged as important players. Synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) such as dexamethasone (dex) are commonly used in BC for their antiemetic, anti-inflammatory, as well as energy and appetite stimulating properties, and to manage the side effects of chemotherapy. However, dex triggers different effects depending on the BC subtype. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is also an important marker in BC, as high GR expression is correlated with a poor and good prognosis in ERα-negative and ERα-positive BCs, respectively. Indeed, though it drives the expression of pro-tumorigenic genes in ERα-negative BCs and is involved in resistance to chemotherapy and metastasis formation, dex inhibits estrogen-mediated cell proliferation in ERα-positive BCs. Recently, a new natural ligand for GR called OCDO was identified. OCDO is a cholesterol metabolite with oncogenic properties, triggering mammary cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we summarize recent data on GR signaling and its involvement in tumoral breast tissue, via its different ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Malik Noureddine
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France; (L.M.N.); (O.T.); (M.L.R.)
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadat-Beirut 90656, Lebanon; (N.H.); (B.B.)
| | - Olivier Trédan
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France; (L.M.N.); (O.T.); (M.L.R.)
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
- Centre Leon Bérard, Oncology Department, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Nader Hussein
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadat-Beirut 90656, Lebanon; (N.H.); (B.B.)
| | - Bassam Badran
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadat-Beirut 90656, Lebanon; (N.H.); (B.B.)
| | - Muriel Le Romancer
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France; (L.M.N.); (O.T.); (M.L.R.)
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Coralie Poulard
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France; (L.M.N.); (O.T.); (M.L.R.)
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-478-786-663; Fax: +33-478-782-720
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25
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The Anticancer Effects of Flavonoids through miRNAs Modulations in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041212. [PMID: 33916931 PMCID: PMC8067583 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple- negative breast cancer (TNBC) incidence rate has regularly risen over the last decades and is expected to increase in the future. Finding novel treatment options with minimum or no toxicity is of great importance in treating or preventing TNBC. Flavonoids are new attractive molecules that might fulfill this promising therapeutic option. Flavonoids have shown many biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. In addition to their anticancer effects by arresting the cell cycle, inducing apoptosis, and suppressing cancer cell proliferation, flavonoids can modulate non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) function. Several preclinical and epidemiological studies indicate the possible therapeutic potential of these compounds. Flavonoids display a unique ability to change miRNAs' levels via different mechanisms, either by suppressing oncogenic miRNAs or activating oncosuppressor miRNAs or affecting transcriptional, epigenetic miRNA processing in TNBC. Flavonoids are not only involved in the regulation of miRNA-mediated cancer initiation, growth, proliferation, differentiation, invasion, metastasis, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), but also control miRNAs-mediated biological processes that significantly impact TNBC, such as cell cycle, immune system, mitochondrial dysregulation, modulating signaling pathways, inflammation, and angiogenesis. In this review, we highlighted the role of miRNAs in TNBC cancer progression and the effect of flavonoids on miRNA regulation, emphasizing their anticipated role in the prevention and treatment of TNBC.
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26
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Shailesh H, Siveen KS, Sif S. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) activates WNT/β-catenin signalling in breast cancer cells via epigenetic silencing of DKK1 and DKK3. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:1583-1600. [PMID: 33462997 PMCID: PMC7875925 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) activity is dysregulated in many aggressive cancers and its enhanced levels are associated with increased tumour growth and survival. However, the role of PRMT5 in breast cancer remains underexplored. In this study, we show that PRMT5 is overexpressed in breast cancer cell lines, and that it promotes WNT/β-CATENIN proliferative signalling through epigenetic silencing of pathway antagonists, DKK1 and DKK3, leading to enhanced expression of c-MYC, CYCLIN D1 and SURVIVIN. Through chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) studies, we found that PRMT5 binds to the promoter region of WNT antagonists, DKK1 and DKK3, and induces symmetric methylation of H3R8 and H4R3 histones. Our findings also show that PRMT5 inhibition using a specific small molecule inhibitor, compound 5 (CMP5), reduces PRMT5 recruitment as well as methylation of H3R8 and H4R3 histones in the promoter regions of DKK1 and DKK3, which consequently results in reduced expression CYCLIN D1 and SURVIVIN. Furthermore, CMP5 treatment either alone or in combination with 5-Azacytidine and Trichostatin A restored expression of DKK1 and DKK3 in TNBCs. PRMT5 inhibition also altered the growth characteristics of breast cancer cells and induced their death. Collectively, these results show that PRMT5 controls breast cancer cell growth through epigenetic silencing of WNT/β-CATENIN pathway antagonists, DKK1 and DKK3, resulting in up-regulation of WNT/β-CATENIN proliferative signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Shailesh
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kodappully S Siveen
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Saïd Sif
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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27
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Ming Z, Zou Z, Cai K, Xu YI, Chen X, Yi W, Luo J, Luo Z. ARG1 functions as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:1257-1264. [PMID: 33128544 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginase I (ARG1) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-arginine to L-ornithine and urea. The association of ARG1 with cancer has mostly been focused on the ARG1 released by tumor-associated myeloid cells in tumor microenvironment. However, the role of ARG1 expressed in cancer cells is unclear. Here, we showed that the expression of ARG1 in human breast cancer (BC) is related to a good prognosis in BC patients. Overexpression of ARG1 suppresses BC cell proliferation and migration in vitro and xenograft tumor growth and development in mouse models. Furthermore, ARG1 expression down-regulates the expression of p-AKT, leading to the de-activation of AKT signal pathway in BC cells. Thus, our results established that in contrast to the role of ARG1 released from tumor-associated myeloid cells in tumor microenvironment that promotes tumor immune escape, ARG1 expressed in BC cells suppresses AKT signaling pathway and functions as a tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengnan Ming
- Molecular Biology Research Centre, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- The Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zizheng Zou
- Molecular Biology Research Centre, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Kaimei Cai
- The Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Y i Xu
- The Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xueyan Chen
- The Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wenjun Yi
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Junli Luo
- The Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zhiyong Luo
- Molecular Biology Research Centre, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
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28
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Castro-Piedras I, Vartak D, Sharma M, Pandey S, Casas L, Molehin D, Rasha F, Fokar M, Nichols J, Almodovar S, Rahman RL, Pruitt K. Identification of Novel MeCP2 Cancer-Associated Target Genes and Post-Translational Modifications. Front Oncol 2020; 10:576362. [PMID: 33363010 PMCID: PMC7758440 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.576362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal regulation of DNA methylation and its readers has been associated with a wide range of cellular dysfunction. Disruption of the normal function of DNA methylation readers contributes to cancer progression, neurodevelopmental disorders, autoimmune disease and other pathologies. One reader of DNA methylation known to be especially important is MeCP2. It acts a bridge and connects DNA methylation with histone modifications and regulates many gene targets contributing to various diseases; however, much remains unknown about how it contributes to cancer malignancy. We and others previously described novel MeCP2 post-translational regulation. We set out to test the hypothesis that MeCP2 would regulate novel genes linked with tumorigenesis and that MeCP2 is subject to additional post-translational regulation not previously identified. Herein we report novel genes bound and regulated by MeCP2 through MeCP2 ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses in two breast cancer cell lines representing different breast cancer subtypes. Through genomics analyses, we localize MeCP2 to novel gene targets and further define the full range of gene targets within breast cancer cell lines. We also further examine the scope of clinical and pre-clinical lysine deacetylase inhibitors (KDACi) that regulate MeCP2 post-translationally. Through proteomics analyses, we identify many additional novel acetylation sites, nine of which are mutated in Rett Syndrome. Our study provides important new insight into downstream targets of MeCP2 and provide the first comprehensive map of novel sites of acetylation associated with both pre-clinical and FDA-approved KDACi used in the clinic. This report examines a critical reader of DNA methylation and has important implications for understanding MeCP2 regulation in cancer models and identifying novel molecular targets associated with epigenetic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Castro-Piedras
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - David Vartak
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Monica Sharma
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Somnath Pandey
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Laura Casas
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Deborah Molehin
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Fahmida Rasha
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Mohamed Fokar
- Center for Biotechnology & Genomics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Jacob Nichols
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Sharilyn Almodovar
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | | | - Kevin Pruitt
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
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29
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Amirkhani Namagerdi A, d'Angelo D, Ciani F, Iannuzzi CA, Napolitano F, Avallone L, De Laurentiis M, Giordano A. Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Comparison With Canine Mammary Tumors From Light Microscopy to Molecular Pathology. Front Oncol 2020; 10:563779. [PMID: 33282730 PMCID: PMC7689249 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.563779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many similar characteristics in human and dog cancers including, spontaneous development, clinical presentation, tumor heterogeneity, disease progression, and response to standard therapies have promoted the approval of this comparative model as an alternative to mice. Breast cancer represents the second most frequent neoplasm in humans after lung cancer. Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) constitute around 15% of all cases of breast cancer and do not express estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and do not overexpress human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). As a result, they do not benefit from hormonal or trastuzumab-based therapy. Patients with TNBC have worse overall survival than patients with non-TNBC. Lehmann and collaborators described six different molecular subtypes of TNBC which further demonstrated its transcriptional heterogeneity. This six TNBC subtype classification has therapeutic implications. Breast cancer is the second most frequent neoplasm in sexually intact female dogs after skin cancer. Canine mammary tumors are a naturally occurring heterogeneous group of cancers that have several features in common with human breast cancer (HBC). These similarities include etiology, signaling pathway activation, and histological classification. Molecularly CMTs are more like TNBCs, and therefore dogs are powerful spontaneous models of cancer to test new therapeutic approaches, particularly for human TNBCs. More malignant tumors of the breast are more often ER and PR negative in both humans and dogs. Promising breast cancer biomarkers in both humans and canines are cancer-associated stroma (CAS), circulating tumor cells and tumor DNA (ctDNA), exosomes and miRNAs, and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danila d'Angelo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Ciani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Napolitano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CCEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Avallone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Michelino De Laurentiis
- Breast Oncology Division, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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30
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Farcas CG, Dehelean C, Pinzaru IA, Mioc M, Socoliuc V, Moaca EA, Avram S, Ghiulai R, Coricovac D, Pavel I, Alla PK, Cretu OM, Soica C, Loghin F. Thermosensitive Betulinic Acid-Loaded Magnetoliposomes: A Promising Antitumor Potential for Highly Aggressive Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cells Under Hyperthermic Conditions. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:8175-8200. [PMID: 33122905 PMCID: PMC7591238 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s269630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer presents one of the highest rates of prevalence around the world. Despite this, the current breast cancer therapy is characterized by significant side effects and high risk of recurrence. The present work aimed to develop a new therapeutic strategy that may improve the current breast cancer therapy by developing a heat-sensitive liposomal nano-platform suitable to incorporate both anti-tumor betulinic acid (BA) compound and magnetic iron nanoparticles (MIONPs), in order to address both remote drug release and hyperthermia-inducing features. To address the above-mentioned biomedical purposes, the nanocarrier must possess specific features such as specific phase transition temperature, diameter below 200 nm, superparamagnetic properties and heating capacity. Moreover, the anti-tumor activity of the developed nanocarrier should significantly affect human breast adenocarcinoma cells. METHODS BA-loaded magnetoliposomes and corresponding controls (BA-free liposomes and liposomes containing no magnetic payload) were obtained through the thin-layer hydration method. The quality and stability of the multifunctional platforms were physico-chemically analysed by the means of RAMAN, scanning electron microscopy-EDAX, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential and DSC analysis. Besides this, the magnetic characterization of magnetoliposomes was performed in terms of superparamagnetic behaviour and heating capacity. The biological profile of the platforms and controls was screened through multiple in vitro methods, such as MTT, LDH and scratch assays, together with immunofluorescence staining. In addition, CAM assay was performed in order to assess a possible anti-angiogenic activity induced by the test samples. RESULTS The physico-chemical analysis revealed that BA-loaded magnetoliposomes present suitable characteristics for the purpose of this study, showing biocompatible phase transition temperature, a diameter of 198 nm, superparamagnetic features and heating capacity. In vitro results showed that hyperthermia induces enhanced anti-tumor activity when breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells were exposed to BA-loaded magnetoliposomes, while a low cytotoxic rate was exhibited by the non-tumorigenic breast epithelial MCF 10A cells. Moreover, the in ovo angiogenesis assay endorsed the efficacy of this multifunctional platform as a good strategy for breast cancer therapy, under hyperthermal conditions. Regarding the possible mechanism of action of this multifunctional nano-platform, the immunocytochemistry of the MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells revealed a microtubule assembly modulatory activity, under hyperthermal conditions. CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings indicate that BA-loaded magnetoliposomes, under hyperthermal conditions, might serve as a promising strategy for breast adenocarcinoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Geanina Farcas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj Napoca, Cluj Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Iulia Andreea Pinzaru
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Marius Mioc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Vlad Socoliuc
- Laboratory of Magnetic Fluids, Center for Fundamental and Advanced Technical Research, Romanian Academy – Timisoara Branch, Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Complex Fluids Systems Engineering, Politehnica University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Elena-Alina Moaca
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Stefana Avram
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Ghiulai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dorina Coricovac
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Pavel
- Department of Chemistry, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | | | - Octavian Marius Cretu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Codruta Soica
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Felicia Loghin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj Napoca, Cluj Napoca, Romania
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31
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Dees S, Ganesan R, Singh S, Grewal IS. Bispecific Antibodies for Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Trends Cancer 2020; 7:162-173. [PMID: 33041246 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive breast cancer subtype lacking estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression, is associated with heightened metastatic potential and poor prognosis. While systemic chemotherapy, radiation, and surgical excision remain the current treatment modalities for patients with TNBC, the immunogenic nature of this aggressive disease has presented opportunity for the development of TNBC-targeting immunotherapies. Bispecific antibody-based therapeutics for the treatment of TNBC have gained recent attention in the scientific community. Clinical precedent has been previously established for the FDA-approved bispecific T cell engager, blinatumomab, for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The present review discusses novel bispecific antibodies for TNBC and emerging TNBC targets for future bispecific antibody development.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Bispecific/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Bispecific/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Camptothecin/analogs & derivatives
- Camptothecin/pharmacology
- Camptothecin/therapeutic use
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Female
- Humans
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Immunoconjugates/pharmacology
- Immunoconjugates/therapeutic use
- Medical Oncology/methods
- Medical Oncology/trends
- Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods
- Survival Rate
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Treatment Outcome
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/mortality
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundee Dees
- Janssen Biotherapeutics, The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Rajkumar Ganesan
- Janssen Biotherapeutics, The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Sanjaya Singh
- Janssen Biotherapeutics, The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Iqbal S Grewal
- Janssen Biotherapeutics, The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA.
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32
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Zhu M, Yu Y, Shao X, Zhu L, Wang L. Predictors of Response and Survival Outcomes of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy. Chemotherapy 2020; 65:101-109. [PMID: 32894832 DOI: 10.1159/000509638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), pre-treatment predictors for pathological complete response (pCR) have been reported; however, those for progressive disease (PD) remain unidentified. METHODS We investigated pre-treatment clinicopathological predictors associated with pCR and PD by retrospectively reviewing data for 165 patients treated between 2015 and 2018. Patients with pCR and PD were compared to those without pCR and PD, respectively, using logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier methods. RESULTS Lack of androgen receptor (AR) was an independent predictor of pCR, while high histological grade, low Ki-67 index, and incomplete NACT courses were independent predictors of PD. Mean disease-free survival and overall survival were significantly poorer in PD patients than in pCR patients (15.7, 21.3 vs. 52.4, 56.3 months). CONCLUSIONS Insights into the chemo-resistance mechanisms and exploration of novel targeted agents in subgroups as per AR and Ki-67 status are needed to improve survival outcomes in TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhen Zhu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiying Shao
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linbo Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,
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Long non-coding RNA LRRC75A-AS1 facilitates triple negative breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion via functioning as a ceRNA to modulate BAALC. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:643. [PMID: 32811810 PMCID: PMC7434919 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As a common female malignancy, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most serious subtype in breast cancer (BC). BAALC binder of MAP3K1 and KLF4 (BAALC) is a common oncogene in acute myelocytic leukemia (AML). We sought to explore the role of BAALC in TNBC. In this study, BAALC was significantly upregulated in TNBC tissues and cells. Then, the results of functional assays disclosed that BAALC facilitated cell proliferation, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) processes, but repressed cell apoptosis in TNBC. Next, miR-380–3p was identified as the upstream of BAALC in TNBC cells. Moreover, LRRC75A-AS1 (also named small nucleolar RNA host gene 29: SNHG29) was verified to act as the sponge of miR-380–3p to elevate BAALC expression in TNBC. Besides, LRRC75A-AS1 could negatively regulate miR-380–3p but positively regulate BAALC expression. Finally, rescue assays elucidated that LRRC75A-AS1 facilitated cell proliferation, invasion, and EMT processes in TNBC by targeting miR-380–3p/BAALC pathway. Taken together, our study revealed a novel ceRNA network of LRRC75A-AS1/miR-380–3p/BAALC in accelerating TNBC development, indicating new promising targets for TNBC treatment.
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Arif T, Anwar N. Promoter Hypermethylation and Expression Changes of BRCA1 Gene in a Cohort of Sporadic Breast Cancer Cases among Pakistani Population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:2395-2401. [PMID: 32856871 PMCID: PMC7771953 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.8.2395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of our study was to determine the frequency of BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation and its association with expression changes of BRCA1 and main morphological features in sporadic breast cancer. Methods: A retrospective review of cases was performed to select those with specific morphological features suggestive of breast cancer. BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation and changes in protein expression were evaluated in 30 cancerous and 30 non-cancerous tissue samples. A tissue microarray containing samples from normal and tumor tissue was prepared and stained for BRCA1 protein expression using a commercially available monoclonal antibody against BRCA1 (Ab-1) clone MS110 (mAb). DNA was extracted using modified protocol of Qiagen minikit. DNA was modified using a Bisulfite conversion kit and BRCA1 hypermethylation was detected using a methylation specific PCR. Results: Promoter hypermethylation was negative in 30 non-cancerous samples with retained BRCA1 protein expression. Methylation was positive in 82.6% (n=19/23) of the sporadic cancer samples that had loss of BRCA1 expression and 50% (n=2/4) of the samples with equivocal protein expression. Methylation was negative in all the sporadic breast cancer samples (n=3/3) with retained protein expression. Chi-square analysis showed significant association of BRCA1 promoter methylation with decreased protein expression (P=0.016) and co-existence of loss of BRCA1 and Her2neu at chromosome 17 (P=0.026) respectively. There was no significant association of BRCA1 methylation with morphological features excluding necrosis (P=0.035). Promoter hypermethylation was found to be most common (68.75%) among Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) females less than 45 years old. Conclusion: Our study suggests that BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation has significant contribution in sporadic breast carcinogenesis. This was our preliminary study in Pakistan. Further studies aimed to determine the in-depth mechanisms of BRCA1 epigenetics in TNBC. BRCAness enriched phenotype in TNBC might be used as a biomarker for the exploitation of therapeutic and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taqdees Arif
- MPhil Molecular Pathology and Genomics, Department of Biological Sciences, Forman Christian College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Natasha Anwar
- Consultant Molecular Pathologist, Agha Khan University Hospital Lahore Stat Lab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Zhao B, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Shen S, Sun Q. Identification of Potential Key Genes Associated With the Pathogenesis, Metastasis, and Prognosis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer on the Basis of Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:856. [PMID: 32596149 PMCID: PMC7304260 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Breast cancer is the most common solid tumor affecting women and the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most lethal subtype of breast cancer. We aimed to identify potential TNBC-specific therapeutic targets by performing an integrative analysis on previously published TNBC transcriptome microarray data. Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between TNBC and normal breast tissues were screened using six Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets, and DEGs between metastatic TNBC and non-metastatic TNBC were screened using one GEO dataset. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses were performed on the overlapping DEGs. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) TNBC data were used to identify candidate genes that were strongly associated with survival. Expression of the candidate genes in TNBC cell lines was blocked or augmented using a lentivirus system, and transwell assays were used to determine their effect on TNBC migration. Results: Eight upregulated genes and nine downregulated genes were found to be differentially expressed both between TNBC and normal breast tissues and between metastatic TNBC and non-metastatic TNBC. Among them, S100P and SDC1 were identified as poor prognostic genes. Furthermore, compared with control cells, SDC1-overexpressing TNBC cells showed enhanced migration ability, whereas SDC1 knockdown markedly reduced the migration of TNBC cells. Conclusion: Our study determined that S100P and SDC1 may be potential treatment targets as well as prognostic biomarkers of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Songjie Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
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Rahemi S, Nematollahi-Mahani SN, Rajaie A, Fallah H. Inhibitor of Interleukin-1 Receptor-associated Kinases 1/4, Can Increase the Sensitivity of Breast Cancer Cells to Methotrexate. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2020; 8:200-209. [PMID: 32489949 PMCID: PMC7241845 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.8.3.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women. Chemotherapy is one of the main methods of breast cancer treatment, but this method is increasingly affected due to drug resistance. One of the newly discovered factors associated with drug resistance in cancer cells is interleukin receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between IRAK1 inhibition and sensitivity to methotrexate (MTX). Effects of various concentrations of MTX and constant concentration (1μg/ml) of IRAK1/4 inhibitor was examined on MCF-7, BT-20, BT-549, MB-468 cell lines. Cell viability was examined by water soluble tetrazole -1, and cell apoptosis by flow cytometry. The expression of IRAK1 and BCRP genes was also assessed by real-time PCR method. IRAK1 inhibitor decreased IC50 in all examined cell lines, but the most prominent effect was observed in MB-468. 72 h incubation of cell lines with IRAK inhibitor and MTX, significantly increased the annexin-V and annexin-V/7AAD positive cells, suggesting an apoptotic effect of IRAK on all examined breast cancer cell lines. RT-qPCR test results showed that the IRAK inhibitor had no effect on the expression of BCRP at any time. Our results showed that IRAK inhibitor can increase the chemosensitivity of breast cancer cell lines without effect on BCRP mRNA expression. IRAK inhibitor in combination with MTX can induce apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Rahemi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Athena Rajaie
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hossein Fallah
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Wu Y, Tao L, Liang J, Qiao Y, Liu W, Yu H, Yu X, Liu L. miR-187-3p increases gemcitabine sensitivity in breast cancer cells by targeting FGF9 expression. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:952-960. [PMID: 32765654 PMCID: PMC7388565 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of malignancy in women, which remains a significant health concern worldwide. Gemcitabine is a frequently applied anticancer pharmacological agent. However, the efficacy of gemcitabine is limited by chemoresistance. In the present study, a combination of reverse transcription quantitative-PCR, cell viability, flow cytometry, luciferase reporter assay and western blot analysis were performed to elucidate the potential effects of miR-187-3p on gemcitabine sensitivity in the breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231. The results revealed that miR-187-3p was significantly decreased in the breast cancer tumor tissues. Moreover, the overexpression of miR-187-3p significantly inhibited cell viability and promoted apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, miR-187-3p overexpression enhanced the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of gemcitabine, indicating that miR-187-3p regulated gemcitabine sensitivity in breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, miR-187-3p negatively regulated the expression of fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) by binding to its 3'-untranslated region. Overexpression of FGF9 reversed the aforementioned effects of miR-187-3p overexpression on cell viability and apoptosis in the presence of gemcitabine. In conclusion, the present study indicated that miR-187-3p increased gemcitabine sensitivity in breast cancer cells by targeting FGF9 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Wu
- Breast Surgery Department, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia 024000, P.R. China
| | - Li Tao
- Breast Surgery Department, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia 024000, P.R. China
| | - Junwei Liang
- Oncology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Yashun Qiao
- Breast Surgery Department, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia 024000, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Oncology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Haina Yu
- Breast Surgery Department, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia 024000, P.R. China
| | - Xinghui Yu
- Breast Surgery Department, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia 024000, P.R. China
| | - Lanfang Liu
- Oncology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
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38
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Wang N, Li K, Huang W, Kong W, Liu X, Shi W, Xie F, Jiang H, Song G, Di L, Wang Q, Yu J, Li H. Efficacy of platinum in advanced triple-negative breast cancer with germline BRCA mutation determined by next generation sequencing. Chin J Cancer Res 2020; 32:149-162. [PMID: 32410793 PMCID: PMC7219102 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2020.02.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare the efficacy of platinum- and non-platinum-based regimens as first-line treatment for advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and analyze the relationship between their efficacy and BRCA gene status.
Methods Retrospectively analyze clinical data of 220 patients diagnosed pathologically with advanced TNBC and treated at the Department of Breast Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital from 2013 to 2018 and evaluate the efficacy of chemotherapy. A total of 114 patients had BRCA1/2 gene tested by next generation sequencing (NGS) using peripheral blood, and we analyzed the correlation between their efficacy and BRCA1/2 gene status.
Results Non-platinum-based chemotherapy (NPCT) was administered to 129 and platinum-based chemotherapy (PBCT) to 91 study patients. The clinical benefit rate (CBR) and median progression-free survival (PFS) were not statistically different between NPCT and PBCT groups. The median overall survival (OS) was 30.0 and 22.5 months for PBCT and NPCT group, respectively [P=0.090, hazard ratios (HR)=0.703]. BRCA status was assessed in 114 patients, 14 of whom had deleterious germline BRCA1/2 (gBRCA) mutations (seven in each group). In PBCT group, the CBR was 85.7% and 35.1% for patients with and without deleterious gBRCA mutations, respectively (P=0.039). The median PFS were 14.9 and 5.3 months and median OS were 26.5 and 15.5 months for patients with and without deleterious gBRCA mutations, respectively (P=0.001, P=0.161, respectively). Patients in PBCT group had significantly greater rates of grade 3−4 anemia (5.5%vs. 0%) and thrombocytopenia (8.8% vs. 0%), whereas palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (12.4% vs. 0%) and peripheral neuropathy (8.6% vs. 1.1%) occurred more frequently in NPCT group.
Conclusions Platinum-based regimens are more effective in patients with deleterious gBRCA mutations, but no difference in patients without BRCA gene mutations, so non-platinum is an option in patients without BRCA gene mutations considering the toxicity and side effect. And we recommend that patients with advanced TNBC should have BRCA gene test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Breast Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Breast Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Wenfa Huang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Breast Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Weiyao Kong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Breast Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xiaoran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Breast Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Weijie Shi
- Huidu Shanghai Medical Sciences, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Feng Xie
- Huidu Shanghai Medical Sciences, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Hanfang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Breast Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Guohong Song
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Breast Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Lijun Di
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Breast Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Quanren Wang
- Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jianjun Yu
- Huidu Shanghai Medical Sciences, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Huiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Breast Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
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Idrissou M, Sanchez A, Penault-Llorca F, Bignon YJ, Bernard-Gallon D. Epi-drugs as triple-negative breast cancer treatment. Epigenomics 2020; 12:725-742. [PMID: 32396394 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) types with poor prognosis are due to the absence of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors and HEGFR-2. The lack of suitable therapy for TNBC has led the research community to turn toward epigenetic regulation and its protagonists that can modulate certain oncogenes and tumor suppressors. This has opened an important new field of therapy using epi-drugs, in preclinical and clinical trials. The epi-drugs are natural or synthetic molecules capable of inhibiting or modulating the activity of epigenetic proteins such as DNA methyltransferases, modulating the expression of interferon microRNAs, as well as histone methyltransferases, demethylases, acetyltransferases and deacetylases. This review investigated the epi-drugs used in the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouhamed Idrissou
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, 28 place Henri-Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France.,INSERM U 1240 Molecular Imagery & Theranostic Strategies (IMoST), 58 Rue Montalembert, Clermont-Ferrand 63005, France
| | - Anna Sanchez
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, 28 place Henri-Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France.,INSERM U 1240 Molecular Imagery & Theranostic Strategies (IMoST), 58 Rue Montalembert, Clermont-Ferrand 63005, France
| | - Frédérique Penault-Llorca
- INSERM U 1240 Molecular Imagery & Theranostic Strategies (IMoST), 58 Rue Montalembert, Clermont-Ferrand 63005, France.,Department of Biopathology, Centre Jean Perrin, 58 Rue Montalembert, Clermont-Ferrand 63011, France
| | - Yves-Jean Bignon
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, 28 place Henri-Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France.,INSERM U 1240 Molecular Imagery & Theranostic Strategies (IMoST), 58 Rue Montalembert, Clermont-Ferrand 63005, France
| | - Dominique Bernard-Gallon
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, 28 place Henri-Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France.,INSERM U 1240 Molecular Imagery & Theranostic Strategies (IMoST), 58 Rue Montalembert, Clermont-Ferrand 63005, France
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Menbari MN, Rahimi K, Ahmadi A, Mohammadi-Yegane S, Elyasi A, Darvishi N, Hosseini V, Abdi M. Association of HDAC8 Expression with Pathological Findings in Triple Negative and Non-Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Implications for Diagnosis. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2020; 24:288-94. [PMID: 32429642 PMCID: PMC7392136 DOI: 10.29252/ibj.24.5.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Previous data have shown the tumorigenicity roles of HDAC8 in breast cancer. More recently, the oncogenic effects of this molecule have been revealed in TNBC. The present study aimed to determine the diagnostic value of HDAC8 for the differentiation of TNBC from nTNBC tumors. Methods: A total of 50 cancerous and normal adjacent tumor specimens were obtained, and the clinical and pathological findings of studied subjects were recorded. The expression of HDAC8 gene was determined by qRT-PCR. Also, immunohistochemical staining was performed on tissue samples. Results: Our results showed that the expression of HDAC8 in breast cancer tissues was significantly higher than the normal adjacent tissues (p = 0.0011). HDAC8 expression was also observed to be higher in TNBC patients than nTNBC group (p = 0.0013). In addition, in the TNBC group, there was a significant association between the HDAC8 overexpression and tumor characteristics, including tumor size (p = 0.039), lymphatic invasion (p = 0.01), tumor grade (p = 0.02), and perineural invasion (p < 0.05). The cut-off value was fixed at 0.6279 r.u., and the corresponding sensitivity and specificity were found to be 73.91% and 70.37%, respectively. Conclusion: According to the findings, among the other markers, HDAC8 oncogene may be used as a potential tumor marker in diagnosis of TNBC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Nazir Menbari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Karim Rahimi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gene Expression and Gene Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Abbas Ahmadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Samira Mohammadi-Yegane
- Medical Nanotechnology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anvar Elyasi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Nikoo Darvishi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Vahedeh Hosseini
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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Tečić Vuger A, Šeparović R, Vazdar L, Pavlović M, Lepetić P, Šitić S, Bajić Ž, Šarčević B, Vrbanec D. CHARACTERISTICS AND PROGNOSIS OF TRIPLE-NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER PATIENTS: A CROATIAN SINGLE INstitution RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY. Acta Clin Croat 2020; 59:97-108. [PMID: 32724280 PMCID: PMC7382886 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2020.59.01.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) occurs in around one-sixth of all breast cancer (BC) patients, with the most aggressive behavior and worst prognosis of all BC subtypes. It is a heterogeneous disease, with specific molecular characteristics and natural dynamics of early recurrence and fast progression. Due to the lack of biomarkers or any valid treatment targets, it can only be treated with classic cytotoxic chemotherapy. We analyzed a cohort of 152 patients, median age 58 years, diagnosed with and treated for early stage TNBC at the University Hospital for Tumors, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia, during the 2009-2012 period. Patients were treated with primary surgical approach, adjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant irradiation. We observed a relatively large proportion of locally advanced TNBC at diagnosis, with large tumor size and nodal involvement, with high grade and high proliferation index Ki67. Patient age, tumor size and lymph node involvement, as expected, were significant and clinically most important prognostic factors for 5-year disease-free survival (67%; 95% CI 60%-75%) and overall absolute survival rate (74%; 95% CI 66%-81%).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Šeparović
- 1Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Radiotherapy and Medical Oncology, University Hospital for Tumors, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Oncologic Cytology and Pathology, University Hospital for Tumors, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 3Dr. Mirko Grmek Scientific Unit, Sveti Ivan Psychiatric Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 5School of Medicine, Juraj Dobrila University, Pula, Croatia
| | - Ljubica Vazdar
- 1Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Radiotherapy and Medical Oncology, University Hospital for Tumors, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Oncologic Cytology and Pathology, University Hospital for Tumors, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 3Dr. Mirko Grmek Scientific Unit, Sveti Ivan Psychiatric Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 5School of Medicine, Juraj Dobrila University, Pula, Croatia
| | - Mirjana Pavlović
- 1Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Radiotherapy and Medical Oncology, University Hospital for Tumors, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Oncologic Cytology and Pathology, University Hospital for Tumors, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 3Dr. Mirko Grmek Scientific Unit, Sveti Ivan Psychiatric Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 5School of Medicine, Juraj Dobrila University, Pula, Croatia
| | - Petra Lepetić
- 1Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Radiotherapy and Medical Oncology, University Hospital for Tumors, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Oncologic Cytology and Pathology, University Hospital for Tumors, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 3Dr. Mirko Grmek Scientific Unit, Sveti Ivan Psychiatric Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 5School of Medicine, Juraj Dobrila University, Pula, Croatia
| | - Sanda Šitić
- 1Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Radiotherapy and Medical Oncology, University Hospital for Tumors, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Oncologic Cytology and Pathology, University Hospital for Tumors, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 3Dr. Mirko Grmek Scientific Unit, Sveti Ivan Psychiatric Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 5School of Medicine, Juraj Dobrila University, Pula, Croatia
| | - Žarko Bajić
- 1Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Radiotherapy and Medical Oncology, University Hospital for Tumors, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Oncologic Cytology and Pathology, University Hospital for Tumors, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 3Dr. Mirko Grmek Scientific Unit, Sveti Ivan Psychiatric Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 5School of Medicine, Juraj Dobrila University, Pula, Croatia
| | - Božena Šarčević
- 1Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Radiotherapy and Medical Oncology, University Hospital for Tumors, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Oncologic Cytology and Pathology, University Hospital for Tumors, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 3Dr. Mirko Grmek Scientific Unit, Sveti Ivan Psychiatric Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 5School of Medicine, Juraj Dobrila University, Pula, Croatia
| | - Damir Vrbanec
- 1Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Radiotherapy and Medical Oncology, University Hospital for Tumors, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Oncologic Cytology and Pathology, University Hospital for Tumors, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 3Dr. Mirko Grmek Scientific Unit, Sveti Ivan Psychiatric Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 5School of Medicine, Juraj Dobrila University, Pula, Croatia
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Ma Y, Yu J, Li Q, Su Q, Cao B. Addition of docosahexaenoic acid synergistically enhances the efficacy of apatinib for triple-negative breast cancer therapy. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 84:743-756. [PMID: 31889475 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1709789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the antitumor and antiangiogenesis effects of apatinib in triple-negative breast cancer in vitro and also whether the combination of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and apatinib is more effective than apatinib monotherapy. The cell counting kit-8 assay was used to measure cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was utilized to determine the cell apoptosis rate. A wound healing assay was utilized to assess cell migration. Western blot analysis was carried out to determine the effects of apatinib and DHA on Bcl-2, BAX, cleaved caspase-3, caspase-3, phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt), and Akt expression. DHA in combination with apatinib showed enhanced inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and migration compared with apatinib or DHA monotherapy. Meanwhile, DHA combined with apatinib strongly increased the cell apoptosis percentage. DHA was observed to enhance the antitumor and antiangiogenesis effects of apatinib via further downregulation of p-Akt expression.Abbreviations: FITC: fluorescein isothiocyanate; PI: propidium iodide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Ma
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Junxian Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qin Li
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Su
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Bangwei Cao
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Yu J, Zayas J, Qin B, Wang L. Targeting DNA methylation for treating triple-negative breast cancer. Pharmacogenomics 2019; 20:1151-1157. [PMID: 31755366 PMCID: PMC7026764 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2019-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 15-20% of all invasive breast cancers and tends to have aggressive histological features and poor clinical outcomes. Unlike, estrogen receptor- or HER2-positive diseases, TNBC patients currently lack the US FDA-approved targeted therapies. DNA methylation is a critical mechanism of epigenetic modification. It is well known that aberrant DNA methylation contributes to the malignant transformation of cells by silencing critical tumor suppressor genes. DNA methyltransferase inhibitors reactivate silenced tumor suppressor genes and result in tumor growth arrest, with therapeutic effects observed in patients with hematologic malignancies. The antitumor effect of these DNA methyltransferase inhibitors has also been explored in solid tumors, especially in TNBC that currently lacks targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jacqueline Zayas
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine & The Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Bo Qin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Liewei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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LncRNA HEIH regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis through miR-4458/SOCS1 axis in triple-negative breast cancer. Hum Cell 2019; 32:522-528. [DOI: 10.1007/s13577-019-00273-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Shikonin inhibits triple-negative breast cancer-cell metastasis by reversing the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via glycogen synthase kinase 3β-regulated suppression of β-catenin signaling. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 166:33-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Nek2B activates the wnt pathway and promotes triple-negative breast cancer chemothezrapy-resistance by stabilizing β-catenin. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:243. [PMID: 31174562 PMCID: PMC6556028 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1231-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The chemotherapy-resistance of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a major challenge. The Nek2B kinase and β-catenin serve as crucial regulators of mitotic processes. The aim of this study was to test the correlation between Nek2B and TNBC chemotherapy sensitivity, and to determine the regulation of Nek2B on β-catenin and wnt/β-catenin signal pathway. Methods Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO) databases were used to gather gene exprsssion data of TNBC patients who undergoing chemotherapy. The co-expression of Nek2B and β-catenin in TNBC surgical sections and cells were analysed by immunohistochemistry, Q-RT-PCR, Western-blot and immunofluorescent staining. The impact of the expression of Nek2B and β-catenin in prognosis was also assessed using the Kaplan-Meier curves. CCK8 assay was used to detect the IC50 value of TNBC cell line. The endogenous binding capacity of Nek2B and β-catenin and phosphorylation of β-catenin by Nek2B were detected using co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP). Chromatin immune-precipitation (ChIP) analysis and Luciferase Assays were used to evaluate the binding ability of the Nek2B, β-catenin and TCF4 complex with LEF-1 promoter. Nek2B-siRNA and Nek2B plasmid were injected into nude mice, and tumorigenesis was monitored. Results We found that overexpression of Nek2B and β-catenin in TNBC samples, was associated with patients poor prognosis. Patients with positive Nek2B expression were less sensitive to paclitaxel-containing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Interestingly, in a panel of established TNBC cell line, Nek2B and β-catenin were highly expressed in cells exhibiting paclitaxel resistance. Our data also suggest that β-catenin binded to and was phosphorylated by Nek2B, and was in a complex with TCF4. Nek2B mainly regulates the expression of β-catenin in TNBC nucleus. Nek2B, β-catenin and TCF4 can be binded with the WRE functional area of LEF-1 promoter. Nek2B can activite wnt signaling pathway and wnt downstream target genes. The tumors treated by Nek2B siRNA associated with paclitaxel were the smallest in nude mouse, and Nek2B can regulate the expression of β-catenin and wnt downstream target genes in vivo. Conclusion Our study suggested that Nek2B can bind to β-catenin and the co-expression correlated with TNBC patients poor prognosis. It appears that Nek2B and β-catenin might synergize to promote chemotherapy resistance.
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Liu X, Wang J, Zhang G. miR‐4458 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis through targeting SOCS1 in triple‐negative breast cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:12943-12948. [PMID: 30873664 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery Jining No.1 People's Hospital Jining Shandong China
| | - Jianling Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery Jining No.1 People's Hospital Jining Shandong China
| | - Guochao Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery Jining No.1 People's Hospital Jining Shandong China
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