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Morelli M, Madonna S, Albanesi C. SOCS1 and SOCS3 as key checkpoint molecules in the immune responses associated to skin inflammation and malignant transformation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1393799. [PMID: 38975347 PMCID: PMC11224294 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1393799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
SOCS are a family of negative inhibitors of the molecular cascades induced by cytokines, growth factors and hormones. At molecular level, SOCS proteins inhibit the kinase activity of specific sets of receptor-associated Janus Activated Kinases (JAKs), thereby suppressing the propagation of intracellular signals. Of the eight known members, SOCS1 and SOCS3 inhibit activity of JAKs mainly induced by cytokines and can play key roles in regulation of inflammatory and immune responses. SOCS1 and SOCS3 are the most well-characterized SOCS members in skin inflammatory diseases, where their inhibitory activity on cytokine activated JAKs and consequent anti-inflammatory action has been widely investigated in epidermal keratinocytes. Structurally, SOCS1 and SOCS3 share the presence of a N-terminal domain containing a kinase inhibitory region (KIR) motif able to act as a pseudo-substrate for JAK and to inhibit its activity. During the last decades, the design and employment of SOCS1 and SOCS3-derived peptides mimicking KIR domains in experimental models of dermatoses definitively established a strong anti-inflammatory and ameliorative impact of JAK inhibition on skin inflammatory responses. Herein, we discuss the importance of the findings collected in the past on SOCS1 and SOCS3 function in the inflammatory responses associated to skin immune-mediated diseases and malignancies, for the development of the JAK inhibitor drugs. Among them, different JAK inhibitors have been introduced in the clinical practice for treatment of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, and others are being investigated for skin diseases like alopecia areata and vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefania Madonna
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IDI-IRCCS), Rome, Italy
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Cianciulli A, Calvello R, Porro C, Lofrumento DD, Panaro MA. Inflammatory Skin Diseases: Focus on the Role of Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) Proteins. Cells 2024; 13:505. [PMID: 38534350 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory skin diseases include a series of disorders characterized by a strong activation of the innate and adaptive immune system in which proinflammatory cytokines play a fundamental role in supporting inflammation. Skin inflammation is a complex process influenced by various factors, including genetic and environmental factors, characterized by the dysfunction of both immune and non-immune cells. Psoriasis (PS) and atopic dermatitis (AD) are the most common chronic inflammatory conditions of the skin whose pathogeneses are very complex and multifactorial. Both diseases are characterized by an immunological dysfunction involving a predominance of Th1 and Th17 cells in PS and of Th2 cells in AD. Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are intracellular proteins that control inflammatory responses by regulating various signaling pathways activated by proinflammatory cytokines. SOCS signaling is involved in the regulation and progression of inflammatory responses in skin-resident and non-resident immune cells, and recent data suggest that these negative modulators are dysregulated in inflammatory skin diseases such as PS and AD. This review focuses on the current understanding about the role of SOCS proteins in modulating the activity of inflammatory mediators implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases such as PS and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Cianciulli
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa Calvello
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Chiara Porro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, I-71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Dario Domenico Lofrumento
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Panaro
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari, I-70125 Bari, Italy
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Zhu Y, Liu Y, Ma Y, Chen L, Huang H, Huang S, Zhang H, He Y, Tan C, He Y, Qiang L. Macrophage autophagy deficiency-induced CEBPB accumulation alleviates atopic dermatitis via impairing M2 polarization. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113430. [PMID: 37963021 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy plays a pivotal role in immune regulation. Its significance is evident in modulation of immune cell differentiation and maturation, physiologically and pathologically. Here, we investigate the role of macrophage autophagy on the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). By employing an MC903-induced AD mice model, we observe reduced cutaneous inflammation in macrophage Atg5 cKO mice compared with WT mice. Notably, there is a decreased infiltration of M2 macrophages in lesional skin from Atg5 cKO mice. Furthermore, impaired STAT6 phosphorylation and diminished expression of M2 markers are detected in autophagy-deficient macrophages. Our mechanistic exploration reveals that CEBPB drives the transcription of SOCS1/3 and SQSTM1/p62-mediated autophagy degrades CEBPB normally. Autophagy deficiency leads to CEBPB accumulation, and further promotes the expression of SOCS1/3. This process inhibits JAK1-STAT6 pathway activation and M2 marker expression. Together, our study indicates that autophagy is required for M2 activation and macrophage autophagy may be a promising target for AD intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yunyao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Yuxiang Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Liu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - He Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201213, China.
| | - Siting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Huiling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yuying He
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cheng Tan
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Yuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Lei Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China.
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4
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Orzan OA, Țieranu CG, Olteanu AO, Dorobanțu AM, Cojocaru A, Mihai MM, Popa LG, Gheorghiu AM, Giurcăneanu C, Ion A. An Insight on the Possible Association between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Biologic Therapy with IL-17 Inhibitors in Psoriasis Patients. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2171. [PMID: 37631384 PMCID: PMC10458821 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory, multisystemic disease which affects approximately 2-3% of the population globally, whose onset is triggered by genetic and environmental factors which activate both dendritic cells and keratinocytes, resulting in the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 17, interleukin 23, interleukin 22, and interleukin 1β. An in-depth understanding of the pathophysiology of psoriasis led to significant advances in the development of safe and efficient novel therapeutic options, with four classes of biologic therapy being approved for the management of moderate to severe psoriasis: tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors, interleukin 23 inhibitors, anti-interleukin 12/23 agents, anti-interleukin 17 agents, as well as small-molecule inhibitors, such as apremilast. Psoriasis is associated with comorbid conditions, namely psoriatic arthritis, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, psychiatric disorders, malignancy, as well as inflammatory bowel disease. For patients affected by both psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease, there is a strong recommendation to avoid IL-17 inhibitors since they may play a part in the exacerbation of the gastrointestinal disease. Our aim was to perform a thorough literature review regarding the development of inflammatory bowel disease lesions in psoriasis patients treated with IL-17 inhibitors, along with a case presentation to emphasize the need for close follow-up of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olguța Anca Orzan
- Department of Oncologic Dermatology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (O.A.O.); (L.G.P.); (C.G.)
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Elias’ University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.D.); (A.C.); (A.I.)
| | - Cristian George Țieranu
- Department of Gastroenterology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Gastroenterology, ‘Elias’ Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrei Ovidiu Olteanu
- Department of Gastroenterology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Gastroenterology, ‘Elias’ Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Maria Dorobanțu
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Elias’ University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.D.); (A.C.); (A.I.)
| | - Anca Cojocaru
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Elias’ University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.D.); (A.C.); (A.I.)
| | - Mara Mădălina Mihai
- Department of Oncologic Dermatology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (O.A.O.); (L.G.P.); (C.G.)
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Elias’ University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.D.); (A.C.); (A.I.)
| | - Liliana Gabriela Popa
- Department of Oncologic Dermatology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (O.A.O.); (L.G.P.); (C.G.)
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Elias’ University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.D.); (A.C.); (A.I.)
| | - Ana Maria Gheorghiu
- Department of Rheumatology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, ‘Cantacuzino’ Hospital, 011438 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Călin Giurcăneanu
- Department of Oncologic Dermatology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (O.A.O.); (L.G.P.); (C.G.)
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Elias’ University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.D.); (A.C.); (A.I.)
| | - Ana Ion
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Elias’ University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.D.); (A.C.); (A.I.)
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Valenzuela NM. JAKinibs prevent persistent, IFNγ-autonomous endothelial cell inflammation and immunogenicity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C186-C207. [PMID: 37184230 PMCID: PMC10312316 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00298.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The adhesion and subsequent activation of T cells is a critical step in local inflammatory responses, particularly of alloreactive leukocytes in rejection of transplanted donor tissue. Interferon (IFN)γ is an adaptive cytokine that promotes endothelial cell (EC) expression of pro-adhesive factors and costimulatory molecules. We recently reported that IFNγ-induced endothelial cell antigen-presenting capacity was protracted after cytokine withdrawal. This study sought to determine what intracellular signaling mediates this chronic endothelial activation by IFNγ. The durability of interferon signaling in human aortic endothelial activation was tested. Pro-adhesive and costimulatory gene expression, phenotype, secretome, and Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT phosphorylation in human primary endothelial cells were measured under chronic and transient IFNγ stimulation, with various JAK inhibitors. IFNγ reporter cells were tested for STAT1 transcriptional activity with JAK inhibition and suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) overexpression, under continuous and priming conditions. The consequences of even short exposure to IFNγ were long-lasting and broad, with sustained elevation of adhesion molecules and chemokines up to 48 h later. JAK/STAT and interferon response factor expression were likewise durable, dependent on new transcription but autonomous of continuous IFNγ. Persistent STAT new transcription and JAK signaling in the endothelium was required to maintain a pro-adhesive and proimmunogenic phenotype after IFNγ withdrawal since both could be prevented by cycloheximide but only by JAKinibs with potency against JAK2. Finally, the suppressor of cytokine signaling SOCS1 failed to emerge in primed endothelial cells, which likely accounted for prolonged inflammatory gene expression. The results reveal a sustained JAK-dependent perturbation of endothelial function and suggest that JAKinibs may have therapeutic benefits in dampening vascular inflammation and allogeneic leukocyte activation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The central question investigated in this study is why vascular endothelium remains inflamed and what underlying signaling is responsible. The new results show that the resolution of endothelial-controlled inflammation may be impaired or delayed because Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT activation is maintained autonomous of interferon (IFN)γ presence, and the late phase negative regulator suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS)1 fails to be induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Valenzuela
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
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Li Y, Cui H, Li S, Li X, Guo H, Nandakumar KS, Li Z. Kaempferol modulates IFN-γ induced JAK-STAT signaling pathway and ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109585. [PMID: 36527884 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Immune-mediated inflammation contributes to the development of psoriasis. However, long-term treatment with global immunosuppressive agents may cause a variety of side effects including recurrent infections. Kaempferol (KP), a natural flavonol, present in various plants is proposed to be useful for the treatment of psoriasis patients. Nevertheless, an explicit understanding of KP induced mechanisms is a prerequisite for its use in clinics. Therefore, we investigated the therapeutic effects and potential mode of action of KP using IFN-γ induced HaCaT cells and imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in mice. In this study, we found KP reduced intracellular ROS production, inhibited rhIFN-γ-induced IFN-γR1 expression, and up-regulated SOCS1 levels in HaCaT cells. In addition, KP inhibited rhIFN-γ-induced phosphorylation of JAK-STAT signaling molecules in HaCaT cells. Most importantly, KP alleviated imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in mice, histopathology and proportion of DCs in the skin. Besides, it reduced the population of γδT17 cells in the lymph nodes of the psoriatic mice and also decreased the gene expression of many proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin IL-23, IL-17A, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in addition to down-regulation of the proinflammatory JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Thus, KP modulated IFN-γ induced JAK-STAT signaling pathway by inducing IFN-γR1 expression and up-regulating SOCS1 expression. In addition, KP also ameliorated imiquimod-induced psoriasis by reducing the dendritic cell numbers, and γδT17 cell population, along with down- modulation of the JAK-STAT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Haodong Cui
- First Clinical School of Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, 010110 Hohhot, China
| | - Shipeng Li
- School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650093 Kunming, China
| | - Xingyan Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 211199 Nanjing, China
| | - Hongtao Guo
- Nursing Department, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, 010110 Hohhot, China
| | - Kutty Selva Nandakumar
- Department of Environmental and Biosciences, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, Halmstad University, 30118 Halmstad, Sweden; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhilei Li
- Clinical Pharmacy Division of Pharmacy Department, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, 518055 Shenzhen, China.
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Guo WJ, Wang Y, Deng Y, Cheng LY, Liu X, Xi RF, Zhu SJ, Feng XY, Hua L, Ze K, Zhu JY, Guo DJ, Li FL. Therapeutic effects of the extract of Sancao Formula, a Chinese herbal compound, on imiquimod-induced psoriasis via cysteine-rich protein 61. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 20:376-384. [PMID: 35491357 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that is prone to recurrence, and the proinflammatory factor, cysteine-rich protein 61 (Cyr61), is important in its pathophysiology. Long-term clinical practice has shown that Sancao Formula (SC), a Chinese herbal compound, is effective in the treatment of psoriasis, but the precise mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we investigate the mechanism by which SC extract alleviates imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis. METHODS The expression of Cyr61 in psoriatic lesions and normal healthy skin was detected using immunohistochemical analysis to investigate the biological role of Cyr61 in models of psoriatic inflammation. A psoriatic mouse model was established by topical application of IMQ, and the effect of topical application of SC extract was evaluated using the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and histopathological features of the skin. Next, a HaCaT cell inflammation model was established using interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and the effect of SC extract on the mRNA and protein levels of Cyr61 and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was confirmed using Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses. RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of Cyr61 in psoriatic lesions was higher than that in normal skin samples (78.26% vs 41.18%, P < 0.05), and the number of Cyr61-positive cells in psoriatic lesions was also significantly higher than in normal skin (18.66 ± 2.51 vs 4.33 ± 1.52, P < 0.05). Treatment in mice with IMQ-induced psoriasis showed that SC extract could significantly improve the inflammatory phenotype, PASI score (10.875 ± 0.744 vs 3.875 ± 0.582, P < 0.05), and pathological features compared with those in IMQ model group; SC treatment was also associated with decreased levels of Cyr61 and ICAM-1. In the IFN-γ-induced inflammatory cell model, the mRNA and protein levels of Cyr61 and ICAM-1 were upregulated, while the SC extract downregulated the levels of Cyr61 and ICAM-1. CONCLUSION The results provide a theoretical basis for the involvement of Cyr61 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, and suggest that SC should be used to target Cyr61 for the prevention of psoriasis recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Jun Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Yu Deng
- School of Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, China; Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lin-Yan Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Ruo-Fan Xi
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Sheng-Jie Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Xin-Yi Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Liang Hua
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Kan Ze
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Jian-Yong Zhu
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Dong-Jie Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China.
| | - Fu-Lun Li
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China.
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Kocaaga A, Kocaaga M. Psoriasis: An Immunogenetic Perspective. Glob Med Genet 2022; 9:82-89. [PMID: 35707771 PMCID: PMC9192173 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1743259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an erythematous-squamous dermatosis with a polygenic inheritance history. Both environmental and genetic factors play a role in the etiology of the disease. Over the past two decades, numerous linkage analyzes and genome-wide association studies have been conducted to investigate the role of genetic variation in disease pathogenesis and progression. To date, >70 psoriasis susceptibility loci have been identified, including HLA-Cw6, IL12B, IL23R, and LCE3B/3C. Some genetic markers are used in clinical diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and personalized new drug development that can further explain the pathogenesis of psoriasis. This review summarizes the immunological mechanisms involved in the etiopathogenesis of psoriasis and recent advances in susceptibility genes and highlights new potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayca Kocaaga
- Department of Medical Genetics, Eskişehir City Hospital, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kocaaga
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Yunus Emre State Hospital, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Gu H, Zhang Y, Zeng W, Xia Y. Participation of interferons in psoriatic inflammation. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 64:12-20. [PMID: 34953718 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Interferons are multifunctional cytokines not expressed in the skin under normal physiological conditions. However, they are overexpressed in serum and skin lesions of patients with psoriasis and play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Interferons act directly on skin resident cells and recruit and modulate inflammatory cells, thereby exacerbating psoriatic inflammation. They upregulate the expression of relevant cytokines and chemokines, facilitate excessive proliferation of keratinocytes, and enhance the formation of poorly differentiated dermal microvessels. In this review, we summarized the pathogenic effect of interferons on psoriasis and also discussed the therapeutic strategies targeting interferons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjiang Gu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weihui Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yumin Xia
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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Mercurio L, Morelli M, Scarponi C, Scaglione GL, Pallotta S, Albanesi C, Madonna S. PI3Kδ Sustains Keratinocyte Hyperproliferation and Epithelial Inflammation: Implications for a Topically Druggable Target in Psoriasis. Cells 2021; 10:2636. [PMID: 34685616 PMCID: PMC8534452 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent signaling pathway is aberrantly activated in psoriatic lesions and contributes to disease pathogenesis. Among PI3Ks enzymes, PI3Kα, β, and δ isoforms are known to bind the p85 regulatory subunit and mediate activation of AKT and other downstream effectors. In this study, we deepened our understanding of the expression and function of PI3Kδ in skin lesions of patients affected by psoriasis. For the first time, we found that PI3Kδ is overexpressed in psoriatic plaques, and its expression is not only confined to infiltrating immune cells but also accumulates in proliferating keratinocytes of the epidermal basal layer. We investigated the function of PI3Kδ in psoriatic skin by evaluating the impact of seletalisib, a newly developed selective PI3Kδ inhibitor, in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models of psoriasis. Of note, we found that PI3Kδ sustains keratinocyte hyperproliferation and impaired terminal differentiation induced by IL-22, as well as induces epithelial inflammation and resistance to apoptosis mediated by TNF-α in human keratinocytes. Mechanistically, PI3Kδ promotes PDK1 phosphorylation and signals through AKT-dependent or -independent pathways. It is worth mentioning that PI3Kδ inhibition by seletalisib attenuates the severity of psoriasiform phenotype induced in the Imiquimod-induced mouse model of psoriasis by restoring the physiological proliferation and differentiation programs in epidermal keratinocytes and contrasting the cutaneous inflammatory responses. Therefore, we suggest PI3Kδ as a potential topically druggable target in psoriasis and skin diseases characterized by epidermal hyperproliferation and skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mercurio
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta, 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (C.S.); (G.L.S.); (C.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Martina Morelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta, 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (C.S.); (G.L.S.); (C.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Claudia Scarponi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta, 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (C.S.); (G.L.S.); (C.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Giovanni Luca Scaglione
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta, 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (C.S.); (G.L.S.); (C.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Sabatino Pallotta
- Integrated Center for Research in Psoriasis (CRI-PSO), Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta, 104, 00167 Rome, Italy;
| | - Cristina Albanesi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta, 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (C.S.); (G.L.S.); (C.A.); (S.M.)
- Integrated Center for Research in Psoriasis (CRI-PSO), Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta, 104, 00167 Rome, Italy;
| | - Stefania Madonna
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta, 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (C.S.); (G.L.S.); (C.A.); (S.M.)
- Integrated Center for Research in Psoriasis (CRI-PSO), Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta, 104, 00167 Rome, Italy;
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11
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Mann JE, Ludwig ML, Kulkarni A, Scheftz EB, Murray IR, Zhai J, Gensterblum-Miller E, Jiang H, Brenner JC. Microbe-Mediated Activation of Toll-like Receptor 2 Drives PDL1 Expression in HNSCC. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194782. [PMID: 34638266 PMCID: PMC8508280 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumors use immunosuppressive signals to evade detection by the immune system. While recurrent and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma has historically carried a poor prognosis, therapies targeting the immunosuppressive PD1:PDL1 axis have improved survival in certain patients. Defining mechanisms regulating PDL1 in various contexts may inform refinement of immunotherapy protocols. We identified a role for Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling in driving PDL1 expression. In antigen-presenting cells, TLR2 functions to initiate response to pathogens, and it is overexpressed or genetically altered in some tumors. We found that the synthetic TLR2 ligand Pam3CSK4, as well as whole bacteria, induced PDL1 expression in specific HNSCC cell line models, suggesting that TLR2 may contribute to immune evasion in chronically inflamed tissues. Abstract As immunotherapies targeting the PDL1 checkpoint have become a mainstay of treatment for a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms underlying PDL1-mediated immune evasion is needed. To elucidate factors regulating expression of PDL1 in HNSCC cells, a genome-wide CRISPR profiling approach was implemented to identify genes and pathways conferring altered PDL1 expression in an HNSCC cell line model. Our screen nominated several candidate PDL1 drivers, including Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2). Depletion of TLR2 blocks interferon-γ-induced PDL1 expression, and stimulation of TLR2 with either Staphylococcus aureus or a bacterial lipopeptide mimetic, Pam3CSK4, enhanced PDL1 expression in multiple models. The data herein demonstrate a role for TLR2 in modulating the expression of PDL1 in HNSCC models and suggest that microbiota may directly modulate immunosuppression in cancer cells. Our study represents a step toward disentangling the diverse pathways and stimuli regulating PDL1 expression in HNSCC and underscores a need for future work to characterize the complex microbiome in HNSCC patients treated with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline E Mann
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (J.E.M.); (M.L.L.); (A.K.); (E.B.S.); (I.R.M.); (E.G.-M.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Megan L Ludwig
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (J.E.M.); (M.L.L.); (A.K.); (E.B.S.); (I.R.M.); (E.G.-M.)
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Aditi Kulkarni
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (J.E.M.); (M.L.L.); (A.K.); (E.B.S.); (I.R.M.); (E.G.-M.)
| | - Erin B Scheftz
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (J.E.M.); (M.L.L.); (A.K.); (E.B.S.); (I.R.M.); (E.G.-M.)
| | - Isabel R Murray
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (J.E.M.); (M.L.L.); (A.K.); (E.B.S.); (I.R.M.); (E.G.-M.)
| | - Jingyi Zhai
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (J.Z.); (H.J.)
| | - Elizabeth Gensterblum-Miller
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (J.E.M.); (M.L.L.); (A.K.); (E.B.S.); (I.R.M.); (E.G.-M.)
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (J.Z.); (H.J.)
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - J Chad Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (J.E.M.); (M.L.L.); (A.K.); (E.B.S.); (I.R.M.); (E.G.-M.)
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence:
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12
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Melnichenko OO, Denisova EV, Zhukova OV, Potekaev NN. Basic genetic and biological markers of psoriasis. CONSILIUM MEDICUM 2021. [DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2021.8.201188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by an excessively aberrant hyperproliferation of keratinocytes. The pathogenesis of psoriasis is complex, and the exact mechanism, despite numerous studies, is still unclear. Complex genetic relationships play an important role in the pathogenesis of this skin disease. A large number of genes that are also associated with other diseases are involved in the development of psoriasis. The variety of comorbidities in patients with psoriasis often present challenges to the treatment for dermatosis. Understanding the role of certain genes in the pathogenesis of psoriasis will contribute the development of more effective targeted therapy aimed at blocking the corresponding inflammatory signaling pathways and molecules.
Aim. To analyze and systematize the basic genetic and biological markers of psoriasis.
Materials and methods. The study included research articles on the genetic analysis of psoriasis. The ResNet, PubMed and eLibrary databases were used.
Results and discussion. Basic genetic and biological markers were identified by analysis of literature sources devoted to psoriasis. Attention is paid to the role and effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms, which make it possible to establish a clear association of a number of genes involved in the development of psoriasis. Genes with altered expression in the psoriatic process were considered separately.
Conclusion. The identified biomarkers can be used in targeted biological therapy of psoriasis using biological modulators that block signaling.
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13
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Enhanced NAMPT-Mediated NAD Salvage Pathway Contributes to Psoriasis Pathogenesis by Amplifying Epithelial Auto-Inflammatory Circuits. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136860. [PMID: 34202251 PMCID: PMC8267663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated cross-talk between immune cells and epithelial compartments is responsible for the onset and amplification of pathogenic auto-inflammatory circuits occurring in psoriasis. NAMPT-mediated NAD salvage pathway has been recently described as an immunometabolic route having inflammatory function in several disorders, including arthritis and inflammatory bowel diseases. To date, the role of NAD salvage pathway has not been explored in the skin of patients affected by psoriasis. Here, we show that NAD content is enhanced in lesional skin of psoriatic patients and is associated to high NAMPT transcriptional levels. The latter are drastically reduced in psoriatic skin following treatment with the anti-IL-17A biologics secukinumab. We provide evidence that NAMPT-mediated NAD+ metabolism fuels the immune responses executed by resident skin cells in psoriatic skin. In particular, intracellular NAMPT, strongly induced by Th1/Th17-cytokines, acts on keratinocytes by inducing hyper-proliferation and impairing their terminal differentiation. Furthermore, NAMPT-mediated NAD+ boosting synergizes with psoriasis-related cytokines in the upregulation of inflammatory chemokines important for neutrophil and Th1/Th17 cell recruitment. In addition, extracellular NAMPT, abundantly released by keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts, acts in a paracrine manner on endothelial cells by inducing their proliferation and migration, as well as the expression of ICAM-1 membrane molecule and chemokines important for leukocyte recruitment into inflamed skin. In conclusion, our results showed that NAMPT-mediated NAD salvage pathway contributes to psoriasis pathogenic processes by amplifying epithelial auto-inflammatory responses in psoriasis.
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14
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Gocher AM, Workman CJ, Vignali DAA. Interferon-γ: teammate or opponent in the tumour microenvironment? Nat Rev Immunol 2021; 22:158-172. [PMID: 34155388 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-021-00566-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy offers substantive benefit to patients with various tumour types, in some cases leading to complete tumour clearance. However, many patients do not respond to immunotherapy, galvanizing the field to define the mechanisms of pre-existing and acquired resistance. Interferon-γ (IFNγ) is a cytokine that has both protumour and antitumour activities, suggesting that it may serve as a nexus for responsiveness to immunotherapy. Many cancer immunotherapies and chemotherapies induce IFNγ production by various cell types, including activated T cells and natural killer cells. Patients resistant to these therapies commonly have molecular aberrations in the IFNγ signalling pathway or express resistance molecules driven by IFNγ. Given that all nucleated cells can respond to IFNγ, the functional consequences of IFNγ production need to be carefully dissected on a cell-by-cell basis. Here, we review the cells that produce IFNγ and the different effects of IFNγ in the tumour microenvironment, highlighting the pleiotropic nature of this multifunctional and abundant cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Gocher
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Creg J Workman
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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15
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Bozó R, Flink LB, Belső N, Gubán B, Széll M, Kemény L, Bata-Csörgő Z. Could basement membrane alterations, resembling micro-wounds at the dermo-epidermal junction in psoriatic non-lesional skin, make the skin susceptible to lesion formation? Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:765-772. [PMID: 33348435 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Current data suggest that tissue microenvironment control immune functions. Therefore, understanding the tissue environment in which immune activation occurs will enhance our capability to interfere with abnormal immune pathology. Here, we argue that studying the constitutively abnormal functions of clinically uninvolved psoriatic skin in patients with plaque type psoriasis is very important to better understand psoriasis pathobiology, because non-lesional skin provides the tissue environment in which the psoriatic lesion develops. A key question in psoriasis is what initiates the abnormal, uncontrolled immune activation in the first place and the answer may lie in the skin. In light of this concept, we summarize abnormalities at the dermal-epidermal junction region which shows a special "non-healing-like" micro-wound phenotype in the psoriatic non-lesional skin that may act as a crucial susceptibility factor in the development of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renáta Bozó
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,HCEMM-SZTE Skin Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lili Borbála Flink
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nóra Belső
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,HCEMM-SZTE Skin Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Barbara Gubán
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Márta Széll
- MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lajos Kemény
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,HCEMM-SZTE Skin Research Group, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Bata-Csörgő
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,HCEMM-SZTE Skin Research Group, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
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16
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Satoh TK, Mellett M, Meier-Schiesser B, Fenini G, Otsuka A, Beer HD, Rordorf T, Maul JT, Hafner J, Navarini AA, Contassot E, French LE. IL-36γ drives skin toxicity induced by EGFR/MEK inhibition and commensal Cutibacterium acnes. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:1417-1430. [PMID: 31805013 PMCID: PMC7269569 DOI: 10.1172/jci128678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and MEK inhibitors (EGFRi/MEKi) are beneficial for the treatment of solid cancers but are frequently associated with severe therapy-limiting acneiform skin toxicities. The underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Using gene expression profiling we identified IL-36γ and IL-8 as candidate drivers of EGFRi/MEKi skin toxicity. We provide molecular and translational evidence that EGFRi/MEKi in concert with the skin commensal bacterium Cutibacterium acnes act synergistically to induce IL-36γ in keratinocytes and subsequently IL-8, leading to cutaneous neutrophilia. IL-36γ expression was the combined result of C. acnes–induced NF-κB activation and EGFRi/MEKi–mediated expression of the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), due to the presence of both NF-κB and KLF4 binding sites in the human IL-36γ gene promoter. EGFRi/MEKi increased KLF4 expression by blockade of the EGFR/MEK/ERK pathway. These results provide an insight into understanding the pathological mechanism of the acneiform skin toxicities induced by EGFRi/MEKi and identify IL-36γ and the transcription factor KLF4 as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi K Satoh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mark Mellett
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Gabriele Fenini
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Atsushi Otsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hans-Dietmar Beer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Medical Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tamara Rordorf
- Clinic for Oncology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Jürg Hafner
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Medical Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander A Navarini
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Medical Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Contassot
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Medical Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lars E French
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Medical Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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17
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Intracellular Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) contributes to the senescence of keratinocytes in psoriasis by stabilizing cytoplasmic p21. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:6823-6851. [PMID: 32302288 PMCID: PMC7202509 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic Th1/Th17 lymphocytes-mediated inflammatory skin disease, in which epidermal keratinocytes exhibit a peculiar senescent state, resistance to apoptosis and the acquisition of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). SASP consists of the release of soluble factors, including IGFBPs, that exert extracellular and intracellular functions in IGF-dependent or independent manner.In this report, we investigated the expression and function of IGFBP2 in senescent keratinocytes isolated from the skin of patients with plaque psoriasis. We found that IGFBP2 is aberrantly expressed and released by these cells in vivo, as well as in vitro in keratinocyte cultures undergoing progressive senescence, and it associates with the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p16 expression. For the first time, we provide evidence for a dual action of IGFBP2 in psoriatic keratinocytes during growth and senescence processes. While extracellular IGFBP2 counter-regulates IGF-induced keratinocyte hyper-proliferation, intracellular IGFBP2 inhibits apoptosis by interacting with p21 and protecting it from ubiquitin-dependent degradation. Indeed, we found that cytoplasmic p21 sustains anti-apoptotic processes, by inhibiting pro-caspase 3 cleavage and JNK phosphorylation in senescent psoriatic keratinocytes. As a consequence, abrogation of p21, as well as that of IGFBP2, found to stabilize cytoplasmic p21 levels, lead to the restoration of apoptosis mechanisms in psoriatic keratinocytes, commonly observed in healthy cells.
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18
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Ali G, Elsayed AK, Nandakumar M, Bashir M, Younis I, Abu Aqel Y, Memon B, Temanni R, Abubaker F, Taheri S, Abdelalim EM. Keratinocytes Derived from Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Recapitulate the Genetic Signature of Psoriasis Disease. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:383-400. [PMID: 31996098 PMCID: PMC7153648 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is characterized by hyperproliferation and defective differentiation of keratinocytes (KCs). Patients with psoriasis are at a high risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The debate on the genetic origin of psoriasis pathogenesis remains unresolved due to lack of suitable in vitro human models mimicking the disease phenotypes. In this study, we provide the first human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) model for psoriasis carrying the genetic signature of the patients. iPSCs were generated from patients with psoriasis (PsO-iPSCs) and healthy donors (Ctr-iPSCs) and were efficiently differentiated into mature KCs. RNA sequencing of KCs derived from Ctr-iPSCs and PsO-iPSCs identified 361 commonly upregulated and 412 commonly downregulated genes. KCs derived from PsO-iPSCs showed dysregulated transcripts associated with psoriasis and KC differentiation, such as HLA-C, KLF4, chemokines, type I interferon-inducible genes, solute carrier family, IVL, DSG1, and HLA-DQA1, as well as transcripts associated with insulin resistance, such as IRS2, GDF15, GLUT10, and GLUT14. Our data suggest that the KC abnormalities are the main driver triggering psoriasis pathology and highlights the substantial contribution of genetic predisposition in the development of psoriasis and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowher Ali
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed K Elsayed
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Manjula Nandakumar
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Bashir
- Department of Endocrinology, Qatar Metabolic Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ihab Younis
- Biological Sciences Program, Carnegie Mellon University in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yasmin Abu Aqel
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar.,College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Bushra Memon
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar.,College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ramzi Temanni
- Biomedical Informatics Division, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fadhil Abubaker
- Computer Sciences Program, Carnegie Mellon University in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahrad Taheri
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Research Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Essam M Abdelalim
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar.,College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
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19
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Chandrakar P, Parmar N, Descoteaux A, Kar S. Differential Induction of SOCS Isoforms by Leishmania donovani Impairs Macrophage–T Cell Cross-Talk and Host Defense. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 204:596-610. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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21
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Mercurio L, Morelli M, Scarponi C, Eisenmesser EZ, Doti N, Pagnanelli G, Gubinelli E, Mazzanti C, Cavani A, Ruvo M, Dinarello CA, Albanesi C, Madonna S. IL-38 has an anti-inflammatory action in psoriasis and its expression correlates with disease severity and therapeutic response to anti-IL-17A treatment. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1104. [PMID: 30377293 PMCID: PMC6207563 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1143-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
IL-36 cytokines, a subgroup of IL-1 family, comprise IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ agonists, abundantly expressed in psoriatic skin, and IL-36RA and IL-38 antagonists. In psoriatic skin, IL-36 cytokines interfere with keratinocyte cornification programs and induce the release of antimicrobial peptides and chemokines active on neutrophils and Th17 lymphocytes. To date, the role of IL-38 antagonist in psoriasis remains to be defined. Here, we demonstrate that skin and circulating IL-38 levels are reduced in psoriatic patients and in other skin diseases characterized by neutrophilic infiltrate. In psoriasis, the balance of IL-36γ agonist/IL-38 antagonist serum levels is in favor of agonists and is closely associated with disease severity. Interestingly, IL-38 is upregulated by anti-IL-17A biological treatment and positively correlates with the therapeutic efficacy of secukinumab in psoriatic patients. The downregulation of IL-38 expression is strictly related to keratinocyte de-differentiation triggered by the inflammatory cytokines IL-36γ, IL-17, and IL-22. Finally, we demonstrate that administration of recombinant full-length IL-38 counteracts in vitro the biological processes induced by IL-36γ in human keratinocytes and endothelial cells and attenuates in vivo the severity of the psoriasiform phenotype induced by IMQ in mice. Such effects are achieved by restoring the physiological programs of keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, and reducing the immune cell infiltrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mercurio
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Integrated Research Center for PSOriasis (CRI-PSO), Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, via Monti di Creta, 104, ROME, Italy
| | - Martina Morelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Integrated Research Center for PSOriasis (CRI-PSO), Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, via Monti di Creta, 104, ROME, Italy
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, P.zza Stefani, 1, Verona, 37126, Italy
| | - Claudia Scarponi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Integrated Research Center for PSOriasis (CRI-PSO), Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, via Monti di Creta, 104, ROME, Italy
| | - Elan Z Eisenmesser
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Campus, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Nunzianna Doti
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR and CIRPEB, Via Mezzocannone, 16, Naples, 80134, Italy
| | - Gianluca Pagnanelli
- 1st Division of Dermatology and CRI-PSO, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, via Monti di Creta, 104, Rome, 00167, Italy
| | - Emanuela Gubinelli
- CRI-PSO Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, via Monti di Creta, 104, Rome, 00167, Italy
| | - Cinzia Mazzanti
- 1st Division of Dermatology and CRI-PSO, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, via Monti di Creta, 104, Rome, 00167, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavani
- INMP/NIHMP, via di S.Gallicano, 25, Rome, 00153, Italy
| | - Menotti Ruvo
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR and CIRPEB, Via Mezzocannone, 16, Naples, 80134, Italy
| | - Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 HP, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Anschutz Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Cristina Albanesi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Integrated Research Center for PSOriasis (CRI-PSO), Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, via Monti di Creta, 104, ROME, Italy
| | - Stefania Madonna
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Integrated Research Center for PSOriasis (CRI-PSO), Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, via Monti di Creta, 104, ROME, Italy.
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Shen Y, Wang S, Sun F, Zheng G, Wu T, Du Y, Zhang S, Qian J, Sun R. Inhibition of murine herpesvirus-68 replication by IFN-gamma in macrophages is counteracted by the induction of SOCS1 expression. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007202. [PMID: 30075008 PMCID: PMC6093694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) is known to negatively regulate murine gammaherpesvirus-68 (MHV-68 or γHV-68) replication. This process involves the suppression of the viral gene replication and transcription activator (RTA) promoter, as well as activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT1). Notably, this effect is gradually attenuated during MHV-68 infection of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs), which raised the possibility that the virus may utilize a mechanism that counteracts the antiviral effect of IFN-γ. By identifying the cellular factors that negatively regulate JAK-STAT1 signaling, we revealed that the infection of BMMs by MHV-68 induces the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) and that depletion of SOCS1 restores the inhibitory effect of IFN-γ on virus replication. Moreover, we demonstrated that the expression of SOCS1 was induced as a result of the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) mediated activation of the NF-κB signaling cascade. In conclusion, we report that TLR3-TRAF-NF-κB signaling pathway play a role in the induction of SOCS1 that counteracts the antiviral effect of IFN-γ during MHV-68 infection. This process is cell type-specific: it is functional in macrophages, but not in epithelial cells or fibroblasts. Our study reveals a mechanism that balances the immune responses and the escape of a gamma-herpesvirus in some antigen-presenting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Shen
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Research Center of Infection and Immunity, ZJU-UCLA Joint Center for Medical Education and Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Saisai Wang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Research Center of Infection and Immunity, ZJU-UCLA Joint Center for Medical Education and Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Sun
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Research Center of Infection and Immunity, ZJU-UCLA Joint Center for Medical Education and Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Gang Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Research Center of Infection and Immunity, ZJU-UCLA Joint Center for Medical Education and Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Yushen Du
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Research Center of Infection and Immunity, ZJU-UCLA Joint Center for Medical Education and Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Suzhan Zhang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jing Qian
- Research Center of Infection and Immunity, ZJU-UCLA Joint Center for Medical Education and Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ren Sun
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Research Center of Infection and Immunity, ZJU-UCLA Joint Center for Medical Education and Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Carlin AF, Plummer EM, Vizcarra EA, Sheets N, Joo Y, Tang W, Day J, Greenbaum J, Glass CK, Diamond MS, Shresta S. An IRF-3-, IRF-5-, and IRF-7-Independent Pathway of Dengue Viral Resistance Utilizes IRF-1 to Stimulate Type I and II Interferon Responses. Cell Rep 2018; 21:1600-1612. [PMID: 29117564 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon-regulatory factors (IRFs) are a family of transcription factors (TFs) that translate viral recognition into antiviral responses, including type I interferon (IFN) production. Dengue virus (DENV) and other clinically important flaviviruses are suppressed by type I IFN. While mice lacking the type I IFN receptor (Ifnar1-/-) succumb to DENV infection, we found that mice deficient in three transcription factors controlling type I IFN production (Irf3-/-Irf5-/-Irf7-/- triple knockout [TKO]) survive DENV challenge. DENV infection of TKO mice resulted in minimal type I IFN production but a robust type II IFN (IFN-γ) response. Using loss-of-function approaches for various molecules, we demonstrate that the IRF-3-, IRF-5-, IRF-7-independent pathway predominantly utilizes IFN-γ and, to a lesser degree, type I IFNs. This pathway signals via IRF-1 to stimulate interleukin-12 (IL-12) production and IFN-γ response. These results reveal a key antiviral role for IRF-1 by activating both type I and II IFN responses during DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron F Carlin
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emily M Plummer
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Edward A Vizcarra
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Sheets
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yunichel Joo
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - William Tang
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy Day
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jay Greenbaum
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Immunology, and Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sujan Shresta
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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24
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Li T, Gu M, Liu P, Liu Y, Guo J, Zhang W, Qian C, Deng A. Clinical Significance of Decreased Interleukin-35 Expression in Patients with Psoriasis. Microbiol Immunol 2018; 62:454-461. [PMID: 29802736 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In psoriasis, a chronic, recurrent, inflammatory skin disease, CD4+T cells and their related cytokines play an important role in its pathogenesis. The role of interleukin (IL)-35, an immunosuppressive cytokine involved in many autoimmune diseases, is unclear in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. This study evaluated IL-35 expression and clinical significance in psoriasis. Protein and mRNA levels of specified markers were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), respectively. Results showed that plasma IL-35 concentrations were lower in patients with psoriasis than in healthy individuals (Z = -6.525, P < .0001). Ebi3 and p35 showed lower mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with psoriasis than in healthy individuals (Z = -5.078, P < .0001, Z = -2.609, P = .009, respectively). The areas under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves of IL-35, Ebi3, and p35 for patients with psoriasis versus the control were 0.86, 0.78, and 0.64, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that plasma IL-35 expression negatively correlated with interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, levels of IL-23, -17, and -22, or the Psoriasis Activity and Severity Index and positively correlated with levels of transforming growth factor beta and IL-10 levels in patients with psoriasis. Summarily, IL-35 might mediate psoriasis pathogenesis by influencing the expression of Th1/Th17/Treg -related cytokines and might be a putative target in monitoring or treating psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengda Li
- Center of Clinical Experiments, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingli Gu
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Center of Clinical Experiments, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- The 100th Hospital of PLA, Suzhou 215007, China
| | - Anmei Deng
- Center of Clinical Experiments, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Wang H, Wang J, Xia Y. Defective Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Signaling Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1292. [PMID: 29085365 PMCID: PMC5650678 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease involving injuries in multiple organs and systems. Exaggerated inflammatory responses are characterized as end-organ damage in patients with SLE. Although the explicit pathogenesis of SLE remains unclear, increasing evidence suggests that dysregulation of cytokine signals contributes to the progression of SLE through the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway. Activated STAT proteins translocate to the cell nucleus and induce transcription of target genes, which regulate downstream cytokine production and inflammatory cell infiltration. The suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) is considered as a classical inhibitor of cytokine signaling. Recent studies have demonstrated that SOCS1 expression is decreased in patients with SLE and in murine lupus models, and this negatively correlates with the magnitude of inflammation. Dysregulation of SOCS1 signals participates in various pathological processes of SLE such as hematologic abnormalities and autoantibody generation. Lupus nephritis is one of the most serious complications of SLE, and it correlates with suppressed SOCS1 signals in renal tissues. Moreover, SOCS1 insufficiency affects the function of several other organs, including skin, central nervous system, liver, and lungs. Therefore, SOCS1 aberrancy contributes to the development of both systemic and local inflammation in SLE patients. In this review, we discuss recent studies regarding the roles of SOCS1 in the pathogenesis of SLE and its therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yumin Xia
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Madonna S, Scarponi C, Morelli M, Sestito R, Scognamiglio PL, Marasco D, Albanesi C. SOCS3 inhibits the pathological effects of IL-22 in non-melanoma skin tumor-derived keratinocytes. Oncotarget 2017; 8:24652-24667. [PMID: 28445952 PMCID: PMC5421877 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and squamous-cell carcinomas (SCC) are common malignancies in humans, caused by neoplastic transformation of keratinocytes of the basal or suprabasal layers of epidermis, respectively. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are frequently found in BCC and SCC, and functionally promote epithelial carcinogenesis. TILs secreting IL-22, in particular, participate to BCC and SCC growth by inducing keratinocyte proliferation and migration, as well as the expression of inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and pro-angiogenic genes.In this study, we identified SOCS3 as a valid candidate to be manipulated for suppressing tumorigenic functions in BCC and SCC. We found that SOCS3 and SOCS1 expression was reduced in vivo, in tumor lesions of BCC and SCC, as compared to other skin inflammatory conditions such as psoriasis, despite the high number of IL-22-secreting TILs. Moreover, IL-22 was not able to induce in vitro the transcriptional expression of SOCS3 in BCC-or SCC-derived keratinocytes, contrarily to healthy cells. Aimed at rescuing SOCS3 activity in these tumor contexts, a SOCS3-derived peptide, named KIR-ESS, was synthesized, and its ability in suppressing IL-22-induced responses was evaluated in healthy and transformed keratinocytes. We found that KIR-ESS peptide efficiently suppressed the IL-22 molecular signaling in keratinocytes, by acting on STAT3 and Erk1/2 cascade, as well as on the expression of STAT3-dependent downstream genes. Interestingly, after treatment with peptide, both healthy and transformed keratinocytes could no longer aberrantly proliferate and migrate in response to IL-22. Finally, treatment of athymic nude mice bearing SCC xenografts with KIR-ESS peptide concomitantly reduced tumor growth and activated STAT3 levels. As a whole, these data provides the rationale for the use in BCC and SCC skin tumors of SOCS3 mimetics, being able to inhibit the deleterious effects of IL-22 in these contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Madonna
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, IDI-IRCCS, Fondazione “Luigi M. Monti” (FLMM), Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Scarponi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, IDI-IRCCS, Fondazione “Luigi M. Monti” (FLMM), Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Morelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, IDI-IRCCS, Fondazione “Luigi M. Monti” (FLMM), Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Sestito
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, IDI-IRCCS, Fondazione “Luigi M. Monti” (FLMM), Rome, Italy
- Current address: Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Marasco
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Albanesi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, IDI-IRCCS, Fondazione “Luigi M. Monti” (FLMM), Rome, Italy
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27
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Seifert SM, Castillo-Mancilla JR, Erlandson KM, Anderson PL. Inflammation and pharmacokinetics: potential implications for HIV-infection. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2017; 13:641-650. [PMID: 28335648 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2017.1311323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The physiological changes accompanying inflammation may alter the pharmacokinetics (PK) of certain medications. Individuals infected with HIV have chronically elevated inflammatory markers despite viral suppression following effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), as well as age-related inflammation. Understanding the potential clinical implications of inflammation on the PK of medications is important for understanding dose-response relationships and necessitates future research. Areas covered: An extensive literature search was carried out using PubMed and associated bibliographies to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding altered PK in response to inflammation and its application to the field of HIV. Expert opinion: Preclinical and clinical studies show that inflammation leads to a downregulation of certain drug metabolizing enzymes and both up and down regulation of transporters depending on the transporter and cell type. Decreased gastric acidity, fluid shifts, and plasma protein alterations also occur with inflammation, leading to potential absorption, distribution, and clearance changes. More research is needed including controlled PK studies to address the clinical relevance of these observations, especially in the aging HIV-infected population. Results from future studies will enable us to better predict drug concentrations in individuals with inflammation, in line with efforts to provide personalized pharmacotherapy in our healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Seifert
- a Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Colorado , Anschutz Medical Campus, USA
| | - Jose R Castillo-Mancilla
- b School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases , University of Colorado , Anschutz Medical Campus, USA
| | - Kristine M Erlandson
- b School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases , University of Colorado , Anschutz Medical Campus, USA
| | - Peter L Anderson
- a Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Colorado , Anschutz Medical Campus, USA
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28
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Deng Y, Chang C, Lu Q. The Inflammatory Response in Psoriasis: a Comprehensive Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2017; 50:377-89. [PMID: 27025861 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-016-8535-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by an excessively aberrant hyperproliferation of keratinocytes. The pathogenesis of psoriasis is complex and the exact mechanism remains elusive. However, psoriasis is thought to result from a combination of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental influences. Recent studies have identified that epigenetic factors including dysregulated DNA methylation levels, abnormal histone modification and microRNAs expressions are involved in the development of psoriasis. The interplay of immune cells and cytokines is another critical factor in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. These factors or pathways include Th1/Th2 homeostasis, the Th17/Treg balance and the IL-23/Th17 axis. Th17 is believed particularly important in psoriasis due to its pro-inflammatory effects and its involvement in an integrated inflammatory loop with dendritic cells and keratinocytes, contributing to an overproduction of antimicrobial peptides, inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines that leads to amplification of the immune response. In addition, other pathways and signaling molecules have been found to be involved, including Th9, Th22, regulatory T cells, γδ T cells, CD8(+) T cells, and their related cytokines. Understanding the pathogenesis of psoriasis will allow us to develop increasingly efficient targeted treatment by blocking relevant inflammatory signaling pathways and molecules. There is no cure for psoriasis at the present time, and much of the treatment involves managing the symptoms. The biologics, while lacking the adverse effects associated with some of the traditional medications such as corticosteroids and methotrexate, have their own set of side effects, which may include reactivation of latent infections. Significant challenges remain in developing safe and efficacious novel targeted therapies that depend on a better understanding of the immunological dysfunction in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxiong Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Christopher Chang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Suite 6510, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, #139 Renmin Middle Rd, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
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29
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McCormick SM, Gowda N, Fang JX, Heller NM. Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS)1 Regulates Interleukin-4 (IL-4)-activated Insulin Receptor Substrate (IRS)-2 Tyrosine Phosphorylation in Monocytes and Macrophages via the Proteasome. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:20574-87. [PMID: 27507812 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.746164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic lung disease initiated and driven by Th2 cytokines IL-4/-13. In macrophages, IL-4/-13 bind IL-4 receptors, which signal through insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-2, inducing M2 macrophage differentiation. M2 macrophages correlate with disease severity and poor lung function, although the mechanisms that regulate M2 polarization are not understood. Following IL-4 exposure, suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)1 is highly induced in human monocytes. We found that siRNA knockdown of SOCS1 prolonged IRS-2 tyrosine phosphorylation and enhanced M2 differentiation, although siRNA knockdown of SOCS3 did not affect either. By co-immunoprecipitation, we found that SOCS1 complexes with IRS-2 at baseline, and this association increased after IL-4 stimulation. Because SOCS1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase, we examined the effect of proteasome inhibitors on IL-4-induced IRS-2 phosphorylation. Proteasomal inhibition prolonged IRS-2 tyrosine phosphorylation, increased ubiquitination of IRS-2, and enhanced M2 gene expression. siRNA knockdown of SOCS1 inhibited ubiquitin accumulation on IRS-2, although siRNA knockdown of SOCS3 had no effect on ubiquitination of IRS-2. Monocytes from healthy and allergic individuals revealed that SOCS1 is induced by IL-4 in healthy monocytes but not allergic cells, whereas SOCS3 is highly induced in allergic monocytes. Healthy monocytes displayed greater ubiquitination of IRS-2 and lower M2 polarization than allergic monocytes in response to IL-4 stimulation. Here, we identify SOCS1 as a key negative regulator of IL-4-induced IRS-2 signaling and M2 differentiation. Our findings provide novel insight into how dysregulated expression of SOCS increases IL-4 responses in allergic monocytes, and this may represent a new therapeutic avenue for managing allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M McCormick
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Nagaraj Gowda
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Jessie X Fang
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Nicola M Heller
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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30
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Huang Y, Wang L, Zan ALS. ARN: analysis and prediction by adipogenic professional database. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2016; 10:57. [PMID: 27503118 PMCID: PMC4977645 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-016-0321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adipogenesis is the process of cell differentiation by which mesenchymal stem cells become adipocytes. Extensive research is ongoing to identify genes, their protein products, and microRNAs that correlate with fat cell development. The existing databases have focused on certain types of regulatory factors and interactions. However, there is no relationship between the results of the experimental studies on adipogenesis and these databases because of the lack of an information center. This information fragmentation hampers the identification of key regulatory genes and pathways. Thus, it is necessary to provide an information center that is quickly and easily accessible to researchers in this field. We selected and integrated data from eight external databases based on the results of text-mining, and constructed a publicly available database and web interface (URL: http://210.27.80.93/arn/ ), which contained 30873 records related to adipogenic differentiation. Then, we designed an online analysis tool to analyze the experimental data or form a scientific hypothesis about adipogenesis through Swanson's literature-based discovery process. Furthermore, we calculated the "Impact Factor" ("IF") value that reflects the importance of each node by counting the numbers of relation records, expression records, and prediction records for each node. This platform can support ongoing adipogenesis research and contribute to the discovery of key regulatory genes and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - And Lin-Sen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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31
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Gubán B, Vas K, Balog Z, Manczinger M, Bebes A, Groma G, Széll M, Kemény L, Bata-Csörgő Z. Abnormal regulation of fibronectin production by fibroblasts in psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2016; 174:533-41. [PMID: 26471375 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data indicate that in psoriasis, abnormalities are already present in nonlesional skin. Transforming growth factor-β and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), together with fibronectin and α5β1 integrin, were suggested to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis by influencing inflammation and keratinocyte hyperproliferation. OBJECTIVES To investigate the expression of KGF, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)2, fibronectin (FN) and extra domain A (EDA)-positive FN in healthy and nonlesional psoriatic skin, and to study the effect of KGF on the regulation of FN and EDA(+) FN production by fibroblasts. METHODS Healthy, nonlesional psoriatic skin and lesional psoriatic skin were immunostained for α5 integrin, KGF, FGFR2, EDA(+) FN and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1. KGF-treated cell cultures were analysed for FN and EDA(+) FN mRNA and protein by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry, respectively. The major downstream signalling of KGF was investigated by blocking experiments using inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase (MEK1), AKT1/2, STAT1 and STAT3. RESULTS The expression of α5 integrin, EDA(+) FN, KGF and its receptor FGFR2 is elevated in psoriatic nonlesional skin compared with healthy skin. KGF mildly induced EDA(+) FN, but not FN expression in healthy fibroblasts through MAPK signalling. Fibroblasts express the FGFR2-IIIc splice variant. STAT1 negatively regulates both FN and EDA(+) FN expression in healthy fibroblasts, and this regulation is compromised in fibroblasts derived from nonlesional psoriatic dermis. We detected active STAT1 in healthy and lesional skin, similarly to a previous report. However, in the nonlesional skin STAT1 activation was absent in tissues far away from lesions. CONCLUSIONS The production of FN and EDA(+) FN by fibroblasts and the signalling of STAT1 are abnormally regulated in psoriatic nonlesional skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gubán
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - K Vas
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Z Balog
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - M Manczinger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - A Bebes
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - G Groma
- MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - M Széll
- MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - L Kemény
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Z Bata-Csörgő
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
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Mahil SK, Capon F, Barker JN. Update on psoriasis immunopathogenesis and targeted immunotherapy. Semin Immunopathol 2015; 38:11-27. [PMID: 26573299 PMCID: PMC4706579 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-015-0539-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over recent years, significant progress has been made in characterisation of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms in psoriasis, a common cutaneous disease that is associated with major systemic co-morbidity and reduced life expectancy. Basic science discoveries have informed the design of novel therapeutic approaches, many of which are now under evaluation in late-stage clinical trials. Here we describe the complex interplay between immune cell types and cytokine networks that acts within self-perpetuating feedback loops to drive cutaneous inflammation in psoriasis. Genetic studies have been pivotal in the construction of the disease model and more recently have uncovered a distinct aetiology for rare, pustular variants of psoriasis. The translation of mechanistic insights into potential advancements in clinical care will also be described, including several treatments that target the interleukin-23 (IL-23)/T17 immune axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satveer K Mahil
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Francesca Capon
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan N Barker
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
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Kim KJ, Park S, Park YH, Ku SH, Cho EB, Park EJ, Kim KH. The expression and role of krüppel-like factor 4 in psoriasis. Ann Dermatol 2014; 26:675-80. [PMID: 25473217 PMCID: PMC4252662 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2014.26.6.675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a transcription factor that regulates a diverse array of cellular processes, including development, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Although its function in keratinocytes has been widely studied, its exact role in psoriasis has not been elucidated. Objective We designed this study to investigate epidermal expression levels of KLF4 and the change in KLF4 expression after treatment in patients with psoriasis. Methods We compared the expression levels of KLF4 in the basal, suprabasal, and superficial epidermal layers, in psoriatic lesional, non-lesional, and normal skin, using an immunoreactivity intensity distribution index (IRIDI). In addition, we measured the change in KLF4 expression on the basis of the IRIDI and by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis after treatment. Results The combined IRIDI scores in psoriatic lesional skin were significantly higher than the scores in both non-lesional and normal skin. The psoriatic epidermis, particularly the suprabasal layer, showed a significantly increased IRIDI score compared to that of non-lesional and normal skin, which was significantly decreased after treatment. RT-PCR analysis exhibited a slight increase in KLF4 mRNA expression level after treatment; however, this increase was not significant. Conclusion These data indicate that KLF4 could regulate epidermal proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, we believe that KLF4 may play an important role in the physiological reaction to counteract abnormal differentiation and proliferation of keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Joong Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Saebomi Park
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Young Han Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Sang Hyeon Ku
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Eun Byul Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Eun Joo Park
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Kwang Ho Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
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Si LF, Zhang SY, Gao CS, Chen SL, Zhao J, Cheng XC. Effects of IFN-γ on IL-18 Expression in Pregnant Rats and Pregnancy Outcomes. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 26:1399-405. [PMID: 25049723 PMCID: PMC4093076 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study focused on establishing the effects of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) on interleukin-18 (IL-18) expression patterns and pregnancy outcomes in pregnant rats. Pregnant rats at the post-implantation stage were randomized into control, low IFN-γ (L-IFN-γ) and high IFN-γ groups (H-IFN-γ) that received normal saline, 100 IU/g of IFN-γ and 500 IU/g of IFN-γ vaginal muscular injection, respectively. The effects of IFN-γ on IL-18 expression and pregnancy outcomes were assessed systematically using several methods, including immunohistochemistry streptavidin-perosidase (SP), image pattern analysis, enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA), whole blood count (WBC) count, microscopy and visual observation. IL-18 was detected in the uteri of all pregnant rats, and mainly distributed in the endometrium, decidual cells, vascular endothelium and myometrium. Immunohistochemistry and image pattern analyses revealed significantly lower IL-18 expression in the H-IFN-γ group compared to the L-IFN-γ and control groups (p<0.01), indicating that high doses of IFN-γ induce downregulation of IL-18 in the uterus of pregnant rats. ELISA results disclosed that IL-18 expression in peripheral blood of the H-IFN-γ group was lower than that of the L-IFN-γ group (p<0.05), and significantly reduced compared to the control group (p<0.01). Moreover, the number of peripheral leukocytes in the H-IFN-γ group was significantly higher than those in the control and L-IFN-γ groups (p<0.01). Morphology analysis showed no evident differences between the L-IFN-γ and control groups. However, for the H-IFN-γ group, uterine mucosa bleeding, necrosis and excoriation were observed using microscopy. Visual observation revealed marroon, swelling, crassitude and no embryo in the uterus, which are obvious indicators of abortion. These results indicate that IFN-γ plays a regulatory role in IL-18 expression in the uterus and peripheral blood of pregnant rats at the post-implantation stage. Moreover, high levels (500 IU/g) of IFN-γ influence normal pregnancy at the early stages in rats by downregulating IL-18 expression in the uterus and peripheral blood and increasing the number of peripheral leukocytes, consequently triggering termination of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fang Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China
| | - Shou-Yan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China
| | - Chun-Sheng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China
| | - Shu-Lin Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China
| | - Xiang-Chao Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China
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Liang Y, Xu WD, Peng H, Pan HF, Ye DQ. SOCS signaling in autoimmune diseases: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:1265-75. [PMID: 24595859 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are mainly induced by various cytokines and have been described as classical inhibitors of cytokine signaling. SOCS signaling is involved in the regulation of immune cells, and recent findings suggest that SOCS proteins, especially SOCS1 and SOCS3, are often dysregulated in a wide variety of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, psoriasis, and multiple sclerosis. Recent studies suggest that SOCS signaling could be therapeutically targeted in various autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss recent studies on the role of SOCS proteins in the development and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, as well as their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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36
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Bigley NJ. Complexity of Interferon-γ Interactions with HSV-1. Front Immunol 2014; 5:15. [PMID: 24567732 PMCID: PMC3915238 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intricacies involving the role of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in herpesvirus infection and persistence are complex. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) uses a variety of receptors to enter cells and is transported to and from the host cell nucleus over the microtubule railroad via retrograde and anterograde transport. IFN-γ exerts dual but conflicting effects on microtubule organization. IFN-γ stimulates production of suppressors of cytokine signaling 1 and 3 (SOCS1 and SOCS3), which are involved in microtubule stability and are negative regulators of IFN-γ signaling when overexpressed. IFN-γ also interferes with the correct assembly of microtubules causing them to undergo severe bundling, contributing to its anti-viral effect. Factors leading to the decision for a replicative virus lytic cycle or latency in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) occur on histone 3 (H3), involve IFN-γ produced by natural killer cells and non-cytolytic CD8+T cells, SOCS1, SOCS3, and M2 anti-inflammatory microglia/macrophages maintained by inhibitory interleukin 10 (IL-10). Both M2 microglia and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells produce IL-10. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are epigenetic regulators maintaining chromatin in an inactive state necessary for transcription of IFN-γ-activated genes and their anti-viral effect. Following inhibition of HDACs by stressors such as ultraviolet light, SOCS1 and SOCS3 are acetylated, and chromatin is relaxed and available for virus replication. SOCS1 prevents expression of MHC class 1 molecules on neuronal cells and SOCS3 attenuates cytokine-induced inflammation in the area. A model is presented to unify the effects of IFN-γ, SOCS1, SOCS3, and HSV-1 on H3 and chromatin structure in virus latency or reactivation. HSV-1 latency in the TG is viewed as an active ongoing process involving maintenance of microglia in an M2 anti-inflammatory state by IL-10. IL-10 is produced in an autocrine manner by the M2 microglia/macrophages and by virus-specific CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells interacting with virus-specific non-cytolytic CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy J Bigley
- Microbiology and Immunology Program, Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University , Dayton, OH , USA
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38
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Manczinger M, Kemény L. Novel factors in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and potential drug candidates are found with systems biology approach. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80751. [PMID: 24303025 PMCID: PMC3841158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a multifactorial inflammatory skin disease characterized by increased proliferation of keratinocytes, activation of immune cells and susceptibility to metabolic syndrome. Systems biology approach makes it possible to reveal novel important factors in the pathogenesis of the disease. Protein-protein, protein-DNA, merged (containing both protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions) and chemical-protein interaction networks were constructed consisting of differentially expressed genes (DEG) between lesional and non-lesional skin samples of psoriatic patients and/or the encoded proteins. DEGs were determined by microarray meta-analysis using MetaOMICS package. We used STRING for protein-protein, CisRED for protein-DNA and STITCH for chemical-protein interaction network construction. General network-, cluster- and motif-analysis were carried out in each network. Many DEG-coded proteins (CCNA2, FYN, PIK3R1, CTGF, F3) and transcription factors (AR, TFDP1, MEF2A, MECOM) were identified as central nodes, suggesting their potential role in psoriasis pathogenesis. CCNA2, TFDP1 and MECOM might play role in the hyperproliferation of keratinocytes, whereas FYN may be involved in the disturbed immunity in psoriasis. AR can be an important link between inflammation and insulin resistance, while MEF2A has role in insulin signaling. A controller sub-network was constructed from interlinked positive feedback loops that with the capability to maintain psoriatic lesional phenotype. Analysis of chemical-protein interaction networks detected 34 drugs with previously confirmed disease-modifying effects, 23 drugs with some experimental evidences, and 21 drugs with case reports suggesting their positive or negative effects. In addition, 99 unpublished drug candidates were also found, that might serve future treatments for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Manczinger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| | - Lajos Kemény
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Dermatological Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
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Madonna S, Scarponi C, Doti N, Carbone T, Cavani A, Scognamiglio PL, Marasco D, Albanesi C. Therapeutical potential of a peptide mimicking the SOCS1 kinase inhibitory region in skin immune responses. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:1883-95. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Madonna
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology; Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI)-IRCCS; Rome; Italy
| | - Claudia Scarponi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology; Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI)-IRCCS; Rome; Italy
| | - Nunzianna Doti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR; Naples; Italy
| | - Teresa Carbone
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology; Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI)-IRCCS; Rome; Italy
| | - Andrea Cavani
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology; Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI)-IRCCS; Rome; Italy
| | | | | | - Cristina Albanesi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology; Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI)-IRCCS; Rome; Italy
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Caporali S, Levati L, Graziani G, Muzi A, Atzori MG, Bonmassar E, Palmieri G, Ascierto PA, D'Atri S. NF-κB is activated in response to temozolomide in an AKT-dependent manner and confers protection against the growth suppressive effect of the drug. J Transl Med 2012; 10:252. [PMID: 23259744 PMCID: PMC3551789 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Most DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic agents activate the transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). However, NF-κB activation can either protect from or contribute to the growth suppressive effects of the agent. We previously showed that the DNA-methylating drug temozolomide (TMZ) activates AKT, a positive modulator of NF-κB, in a mismatch repair (MMR) system-dependent manner. Here we investigated whether NF-κB is activated by TMZ and whether AKT is involved in this molecular event. We also evaluated the functional consequence of inhibiting NF-κB on tumor cell response to TMZ. Methods AKT phosphorylation, NF-κB transcriptional activity, IκB-α degradation, NF-κB2/p52 generation, and RelA and NF-κB2/p52 nuclear translocation were investigated in TMZ-treated MMR-deficient (HCT116, 293TLα-) and/or MMR-proficient (HCT116/3-6, 293TLα+, M10) cells. AKT involvement in TMZ-induced activation of NF-κB was addressed in HCT116/3-6 and M10 cells transiently transfected with AKT1-targeting siRNA or using the isogenic MMR-proficient cell lines pUSE2 and KD12, expressing wild type or kinase-dead mutant AKT1. The effects of inhibiting NF-κB on sensitivity to TMZ were investigated in HCT116/3-6 and M10 cells using the NF-κB inhibitor NEMO-binding domain (NBD) peptide or an anti-RelA siRNA. Results TMZ enhanced NF-κB transcriptional activity, activated AKT, induced IκB-α degradation and RelA nuclear translocation in HCT116/3-6 and M10 but not in HCT116 cells. In M10 cells, TMZ promoted NF-κB2/p52 generation and nuclear translocation and enhanced the secretion of IL-8 and MCP-1. TMZ induced RelA nuclear translocation also in 293TLα+ but not in 293TLα- cells. AKT1 silencing inhibited TMZ-induced IκB-α degradation and NF-κB2/p52 generation. Up-regulation of NF-κB transcriptional activity and nuclear translocation of RelA and NF-κB2/p52 in response to TMZ were impaired in KD12 cells. RelA silencing in HCT116/3-6 and M10 cells increased TMZ-induced growth suppression. In M10 cells NBD peptide reduced basal NF-κB activity, abrogated TMZ-induced up-regulation of NF-κB activity and increased sensitivity to TMZ. In HCT116/3-6 cells, the combined treatment with NBD peptide and TMZ produced additive growth inhibitory effects. Conclusion NF-κB is activated in response to TMZ in a MMR- and AKT-dependent manner and confers protection against drug-induced cell growth inhibition. Our findings suggest that a clinical benefit could be obtained by combining TMZ with NF-κB inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Caporali
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Because of their genetically determined capacity to respond to pro-inflammatory stimuli, keratinocytes have a crucial role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Upon IFN-γ and TNF-α exposure, psoriatic keratinocytes express exaggerated levels of inflammatory mediators, and show aberrant hyperproliferation and terminal differentiation. The thickening of psoriasic skin also results from a peculiar resistance of keratinocytes to cytokine-induced apoptosis. In this study, we investigated on the molecular mechanisms concurring to the resistance of psoriatic keratinocytes to cell death, focusing on the role having suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)1 and SOCS3, two molecules abundantly expressed in IFN-γ/TNF-α-activated psoriatic keratinocytes, in sustaining anti-apoptotic pathways. We found that SOCS1 and SOCS3 suppress cytokine-induced apoptosis by sustaining the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in keratinocytes. The latter determines the activation of the anti-apoptotic NF-κB cascade and, in parallel, the inhibition of the pro-apoptotic BAD function in keratinocytes. For the first time, we report that phosphorylated AKT and phosphorylated BAD are strongly expressed in lesional psoriatic skin, compared with healthy or not lesional skin, and they strictly correlate to the high expression of SOCS1 and SOCS3 molecules in the psoriatic epidermis. Finally, the depletion of SOCS1 and SOCS3, as well as the chemical inactivation of PI3K activity in psoriatic keratinocytes, definitively unveils the role of PI3K/AKT cascade on the resistance of diseased keratinocytes to apoptosis.
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New mimetic peptides of the kinase-inhibitory region (KIR) of SOCS1 through focused peptide libraries. Biochem J 2012; 443:231-40. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20111647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
SOCS (suppressor of cytokine signalling) proteins are negative-feedback regulators of the JAK (Janus kinase)/STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) pathway. Their expression levels are low under physiological conditions, but they are up-regulated in response to cytokine stimulation in many immune and inflammatory processes. Overexpression of SOCS1 in keratinocyte clones abrogates the IFNγ (interferon γ)-induced expression of many pro-inflammatory genes and the release of related chemokines by blocking the JAK/STAT pathway. SOCS1 inhibits JAK2 kinase activity by binding the catalytic site of JAK2, with its KIR (kinase-inhibitory region) acting as a pseudo-substrate of the enzyme. In the present study, we screened a focused combinatorial peptide library of KIR to identify new peptides able to mimic its function with an improved affinity towards the JAK2 catalytic site. Using an alanine-scanning method, KIR residues that are crucial for the interaction with JAK2 were unveiled. In this way, the KIR sequence was restricted to a shorter segment and ‘non-essential’ residues were replaced by different amino acids following a simplified combinatorial approach. We selected a new unnatural sequence able to bind to JAK2 with Kd values in the nanomolar range. This peptide was tested in human keratinocyte cultures and reduced the phosphorylation of STAT1 and the expression levels of IRF-1 (interferon regulatory factor-1).
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Abstract
Psoriasis is a common relapsing and remitting immune-mediated inflammatory disease that affects the skin and joints. This review focuses on current immunogenetic concepts, key cellular players, and axes of cytokines that are thought to contribute to disease pathogenesis. We highlight potential therapeutic targets and give an overview of the currently used immune-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri K Perera
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
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Liptrott NJ, Owen A. The role of cytokines in the regulation of drug disposition: extended functional pleiotropism? Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2011; 7:341-52. [PMID: 21299442 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2011.553600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug disposition, metabolism and drug-drug interactions are important considerations for most drugs. Cytokines are integral to the successful resolution of many diseases. Data are emerging on a role for cytokines in regulation of the expression and activity of drug transporters and drug metabolising enzymes. Investigation of the interaction between pharmacological and immunological responses is key to understanding the complex relationships involved in patient response to therapy. AREAS COVERED Evidence detailing the ability of cytokines to regulate drug disposition and metabolism is reviewed in the context of different cell and tissue types. The literature search undertaken provides an overview of the current understanding of the interrelationship between pharmacological and immunological factors which may influence successful drug therapy. EXPERT OPINION Dysregulation of cytokines and cytokine networks is a hallmark of a number of diseases such as HIV and cancer. The mechanisms by which the immune system can influence drug disposition are relatively understudied but recent work has highlighted the necessity for examining its impact on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. A more comprehensive approach in clinical studies will allow better determination of the impact of cytokines on drug disposition. In addition, determining the mechanisms that underpin the differential effects of cytokines across different cell types will clarify the responses reported in these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neill James Liptrott
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Microbial Disease, Royal Liverpool & Broadgreen University Hospitals Trust, Liverpool, UK
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Garcia-Valladares I, Cuchacovich R, Espinoza LR. Comparative assessment of biologics in treatment of psoriasis: drug design and clinical effectiveness of ustekinumab. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2011; 5:41-9. [PMID: 21267358 PMCID: PMC3023274 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s10494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis is a multistep process that leads to chronic or recurrent inflammation. Recent studies have suggested the importance of T helper (TH)1 and TH17 cells, accessory cells, and proinflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of the enthesis, synovium, and skin involvement in psoriasis in the presence of susceptibility genes that remain quiescent until triggered. Biologics, such as soluble CTLA-4 immunoglobulin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, and ustekinumab, inhibit T cell activation which eventually leads to further stimulation of the interleukin 12, 17, and 23 axis, TNF-α, and lymphotoxin-α. Treatment with TNF-α blockers has been effective in refractory psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, but there is still a subgroup of patients who do not respond to TNF inhibitors and, paradoxically, when treated, may develop TNF-induced psoriasis. Ustekinumab, because of its different mechanism of action at the level of the interleukin 12, 17, and 23 pathways, is an alternative treatment for this group of patients.
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Strebovsky J, Walker P, Lang R, Dalpke AH. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) limits
NFκB
signaling by decreasing p65 stability within the cell nucleus. FASEB J 2010; 25:863-74. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-170597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Strebovsky
- Department of Infectious Diseases–Medical Microbiology and Hygiene University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Patrick Walker
- Department of Infectious Diseases–Medical Microbiology and Hygiene University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Roland Lang
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology Immunology and Hygiene University Hospital Erlangen Erlangen Germany
| | - Alexander H. Dalpke
- Department of Infectious Diseases–Medical Microbiology and Hygiene University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
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