1
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Tian W, Blomberg AL, Steinberg KE, Henriksen BL, Jørgensen JS, Skovgaard K, Skovbakke SL, Goletz S. Novel genetically glycoengineered human dendritic cell model reveals regulatory roles of α2,6-linked sialic acids in DC activation of CD4+ T cells and response to TNFα. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae042. [PMID: 38873803 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are central for the initiation and regulation of appropriate immune responses. While several studies suggest important regulatory roles of sialoglycans in DC biology, our understanding is still inadequate primarily due to a lack of appropriate models. Previous approaches based on enzymatic- or metabolic-glycoengineering and primary cell isolation from genetically modified mice have limitations related to specificity, stability, and species differences. This study addresses these challenges by introducing a workflow to genetically glycoengineer the human DC precursor cell line MUTZ-3, described to differentiate and maturate into fully functional dendritic cells, using CRISPR-Cas9, thereby providing and validating the first isogenic cell model for investigating glycan alteration on human DC differentiation, maturation, and activity. By knocking out (KO) the ST6GAL1 gene, we generated isogenic cells devoid of ST6GAL1-mediated α(2,6)-linked sialylation, allowing for a comprehensive investigation into its impact on DC function. Glycan profiling using lectin binding assay and functional studies revealed that ST6GAL1 KO increased the expression of important antigen presenting and co-stimulatory surface receptors and a specifically increased activation of allogenic human CD4 + T cells. Additionally, ST6GAL1 KO induces significant changes in surface marker expression and cytokine response to TNFα-induced maturation, and it affects migration and the endocytic capacity. These results indicate that genetic glycoengineering of the isogenic MUTZ-3 cellular model offers a valuable tool to study how specific glycan structures influence human DC biology, contributing to our understanding of glycoimmunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Tian
- Biotherapeutic Glycoengineering and Immunology, Section for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Kgs Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Anne Louise Blomberg
- Biotherapeutic Glycoengineering and Immunology, Section for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Kgs Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Kaylin Elisabeth Steinberg
- Biotherapeutic Glycoengineering and Immunology, Section for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Kgs Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Betina Lyngfeldt Henriksen
- Biotherapeutic Glycoengineering and Immunology, Section for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Kgs Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Josefine Søborg Jørgensen
- Biotherapeutic Glycoengineering and Immunology, Section for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Kgs Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Kerstin Skovgaard
- Biotherapeutic Glycoengineering and Immunology, Section for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Kgs Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Sarah Line Skovbakke
- Biotherapeutic Glycoengineering and Immunology, Section for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Kgs Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Steffen Goletz
- Biotherapeutic Glycoengineering and Immunology, Section for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Kgs Lyngby 2800, Denmark
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2
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Domma AJ, Henderson LA, Nurdin JA, Kamil JP. Uncloaking the viral glycocalyx: How do viruses exploit glycoimmune checkpoints? Adv Virus Res 2024; 119:63-110. [PMID: 38897709 PMCID: PMC11192240 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The surfaces of cells and enveloped viruses alike are coated in carbohydrates that play multifarious roles in infection and immunity. Organisms across all kingdoms of life make use of a diverse set of monosaccharide subunits, glycosidic linkages, and branching patterns to encode information within glycans. Accordingly, sugar-patterning enzymes and glycan binding proteins play integral roles in cell and organismal biology, ranging from glycoprotein quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum to lymphocyte migration, coagulation, inflammation, and tissue homeostasis. Unsurprisingly, genes involved in generating and recognizing oligosaccharide patterns are playgrounds for evolutionary conflicts that abound in cross-species interactions, exemplified by the myriad plant lectins that function as toxins. In vertebrates, glycans bearing acidic nine-carbon sugars called sialic acids are key regulators of immune responses. Various bacterial and fungal pathogens adorn their cells in sialic acids that either mimic their hosts' or are stolen from them. Yet, how viruses commandeer host sugar-patterning enzymes to thwart immune responses remains poorly studied. Here, we review examples of viruses that interact with sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs), a family of immune cell receptors that regulate toll-like receptor signaling and govern glycoimmune checkpoints, while highlighting knowledge gaps that merit investigation. Efforts to illuminate how viruses leverage glycan-dependent checkpoints may translate into new clinical treatments that uncloak viral antigens and infected cell surfaces by removing or masking immunosuppressive sialoglycans, or by inhibiting viral gene products that induce their biosynthesis. Such approaches may hold the potential to unleash the immune system to clear long intractable chronic viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Domma
- LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | | | - Jeffery A Nurdin
- LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Jeremy P Kamil
- LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States.
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3
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Liu B, Lv Y, Hu W, Huang Y, Ying X, Chen C, Zhang H, Ji W. m 6A modification mediates SLC3A2/SLC7A5 translation in 3-methylcholanthrene-induced uroepithelial transformation. Cell Biol Toxicol 2024; 40:5. [PMID: 38267663 PMCID: PMC10808315 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-024-09846-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
3-Methylcholanthracene (3-MC) is one of the most carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Long-term exposure to PAHs has been thought of as an important factor in urothelial tumorigenesis. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) exists widely in eukaryotic organisms and regulates the expression level of specific genes by regulating mRNA stability, translation efficiency, and nuclear export efficiency. Currently, the potential molecular mechanisms that regulate m6A modification for 3-MC carcinogenesis remain unclear. Here, we profiled mRNA, m6A, translation and protein level using "-omics" methodologies, including transcriptomes, m6A profile, translatomes, and proteomics in 3-MC-transformed urothelial cells and control cells. The key molecules SLC3A2/SLC7A5 were screened and identified in 3-MC-induced uroepithelial transformation. Moreover, SLC7A5/SLC3A2 promoted uroepithelial cells malignant phenotype in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, METTL3 and ALKBH5 mediated m6A modification of SLC3A2/SLC7A5 mRNA in 3-MC-induced uroepithelial transformation by upregulating the translation of SLC3A2/SLC7A5. Furthermore, programmable m6A modification of SLC3A2/SLC7A5 mRNA affected the expression of its proteins. Taken together, our results revealed that the m6A modification-mediated SLC3A2/SLC7A5 translation promoted 3-MC-induced uroepithelial transformation, suggesting that targeting m6A modification of SLC3A2/SLC7A5 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for bladder cancer related to PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bixia Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yifan Lv
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wenyu Hu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yapeng Huang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiaoling Ying
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Haiqing Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Weidong Ji
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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4
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Yang Y, Wang Y, Chao Z, Yang Y, Fang Y, Liu Y, Ding L, Chen Y, Ju H. Triply Enhanced Immunotherapy via Dual Glycan Reforming Integrated with Perforation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304971. [PMID: 37870206 PMCID: PMC10787084 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The enhancement of immunotherapy is an emerging direction to develop highly effective and practical cancer therapeutic methods. Here a triply enhanced immunotherapy drug (TEID) is designed for ingeniously integrating in situ dual glycan reforming with perforation on cell membrane. The TEID is composed of galactose and neuraminidase conjugated streptolysin O (SLO-Gal and SLO-NEU), which are encapsulated in a hyaluronic acid (HA) shell for targeted recognition to tumor tissue via cell surface CD44. After targeted delivery and HAase-mediated degradation in the tumor region, the TEID releases SLO-Gal and SLO-NEU, which can easily anchor Gal and NEU on the tumor cell membrane via the perforation of SLO to perform dual glycan reforming for the introduction of Gal and the cleavage of sialic acid. The former can activate immune cells to secret cytokines for immune-killing, and the latter can weaken the immune inhibition to improve the immunotherapeutic efficacy. Meanwhile, the perforation of SLO can promote the delivery of cytokines into the tumor cells to further enhance the efficacy. The designed triply enhanced immunotherapy strategy opens a significant and promising route to promote clinical immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China
| | - Yuru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China
| | - Zhicong Chao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China
| | - Yuhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China
| | - Yanyun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China
| | - Lin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China
| | - Yunlong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China
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5
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Bouti P, Blans C, Klein BJAM, Shome D, Nadafi R, Van Houdt M, Schornagel K, Verkuijlen PJJH, Roos V, Reijmers RM, Van Bruggen R, Kuijpers TW, Matlung HL. SIGLEC-5/14 Inhibits CD11b/CD18 Integrin Activation and Neutrophil-Mediated Tumor Cell Cytotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17141. [PMID: 38138970 PMCID: PMC10742634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the successful introduction of checkpoint inhibitors targeting the adaptive immune system, monoclonal antibodies inhibiting CD47-SIRPα interaction have shown promise in enhancing anti-tumor treatment efficacy. Apart from SIRPα, neutrophils express a broad repertoire of inhibitory receptors, including several members of the sialic acid-binding receptor (SIGLEC) family. Here, we demonstrate that interaction between tumor cell-expressed sialic acids and SIGLEC-5/14 on neutrophils inhibits antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). We observed that conjugate formation and trogocytosis, both essential processes for neutrophil ADCC, were limited by the sialic acid-SIGLEC-5/14 interaction. During neutrophil-tumor cell conjugate formation, we found that inhibition of the interaction between tumor-expressed sialic acids and SIGLEC-5/14 on neutrophils increased the CD11b/CD18 high affinity conformation. By dynamic acoustic force measurement, the binding between tumor cells and neutrophils was assessed. The interaction between SIGLEC-5/14 and the sialic acids was shown to inhibit the CD11b/CD18-regulated binding between neutrophils and antibody-opsonized tumor cells. Moreover, the interaction between sialic acids and SIGLEC-5/14-consequently hindered trogocytosis and tumor cell killing. In summary, our results provide evidence that the sialic acid-SIGLEC-5/14 interaction is an additional target for innate checkpoint blockade in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Bouti
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Colin Blans
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart J. A. M. Klein
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Debarati Shome
- LUMICKS, Paalbergweg 3, 1105 AG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reza Nadafi
- LUMICKS, Paalbergweg 3, 1105 AG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Van Houdt
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Schornagel
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J. J. H. Verkuijlen
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Virginie Roos
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Robin Van Bruggen
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taco W. Kuijpers
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanke L. Matlung
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Wu Z, Wang Z, Wu H, Zheng N, Huang D, Huang Z, Han H, Bao J, Xu H, Zhang R, Du Z, Wu D. The pan-cancer multi-omics landscape of key genes of sialylation combined with RNA-sequencing validation. Comput Biol Med 2023; 166:107556. [PMID: 37801920 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sialylation, the process of salivary acid glycan synthesis, plays a pivotal function in tumor growth, immune escape, tumor metastasis, and resistance to drugs. However, the association between sialylation and prognosis, tumor microenvironment (TME), and treatment response in a variety of cancers remains unclear. METHODS A comprehensive survey of the expression profile, prognostic value, and genetic and epigenetic alterations of sialylation-related genes was performed in pan-cancer. Subsequently, the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm was used to compute sialylation pathway scores in pan-cancer. Correlations of sialylation pathway scores with clinical features, prognosis, and TME were evaluated using multiple algorithms. Finally, the efficacy of the sialylation pathway score in determining the effect of immunotherapy was evaluated. The expression of sialylation-related genes were verified by RNA-sequencing. RESULTS Significant differences were observed in sialylation-related genes expression between tumors and adjacent normal tissues for most cancer types. Sialylation pathway scores differed according to the type of tumor, where the poor prognosis was correlated with high sialylation pathway scores in uveal melanoma (UVM) and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). In addition, sialylation pathway scores were positively associated with the ImmuneScore, StromalScore and immune-related pathways. Moreover, the level of immune cells infiltration was higher in tumors with higher sialylation pathway scores. Finally, patients with high sialylation pathway scores were more sensitive to immunotherapy. CONCLUSION Sialylation-related genes are essential in pan-cancer. The sialylation pathway score may be used as a biomarker in oncology patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixuan Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqiong Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haodong Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Zheng
- Department of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Huang
- Department of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Huang
- Department of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxia Bao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjie Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhou Du
- Department of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dazhou Wu
- Department of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Stanczak MA, Läubli H. Siglec receptors as new immune checkpoints in cancer. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 90:101112. [PMID: 35948467 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy in the form of immune checkpoint inhibitors and cellular therapies has improved the treatment and prognosis of many patients. Nevertheless, most cancers are still resistant to currently approved cancer immunotherapies. New approaches and rational combinations are needed to overcome these resistances. There is emerging evidence that Siglec receptors could be regarded as new immune checkpoints and targets for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the experimental evidence supporting Siglec receptors as new immune checkpoints in cancer and discuss their mechanisms of action, as well as current efforts to target Siglec receptors and their interactions with sialoglycan Siglec-ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal A Stanczak
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Heinz Läubli
- Laboratory for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Division of Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland.
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8
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Huang J, Huang J, Zhang G. Insights into the Role of Sialylation in Cancer Metastasis, Immunity, and Therapeutic Opportunity. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235840. [PMID: 36497322 PMCID: PMC9737300 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialylation is an enzymatic process that covalently attaches sialic acids to glycoproteins and glycolipids and terminates them by creating sialic acid-containing glycans (sialoglycans). Sialoglycans, usually located in the outmost layers of cells, play crucial biological roles, notably in tumor transformation, growth, metastasis, and immune evasion. Thus, a deeper comprehension of sialylation in cancer will help to facilitate the development of innovative cancer therapies. Cancer sialylation-related articles have consistently increased over the last four years. The primary subjects of these studies are sialylation, cancer, immunotherapy, and metastasis. Tumor cells activate endothelial cells and metastasize to distant organs in part by the interactions of abnormally sialylated integrins with selectins. Furthermore, cancer sialylation masks tumor antigenic epitopes and induces an immunosuppressive environment, allowing cancer cells to escape immune monitoring. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes develop different recognition epitopes for glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. Therefore, targeting tumor-derived sialoglycans is a promising approach to cancer treatments for limiting the dissemination of tumor cells, revealing immunogenic tumor antigens, and boosting anti-cancer immunity. Exploring the exact tumor sialoglycans may facilitate the identification of new glycan targets, paving the way for the development of customized cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Huang
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Jianming Huang
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sichuan Cancer Institute, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guonan Zhang
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence:
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9
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Aberrant Sialylation in Cancer: Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174248. [PMID: 36077781 PMCID: PMC9454432 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface of every eukaryotic cell is coated in a thick layer of glycans that acts as a key interface with the extracellular environment. Cancer cells have a different ‘glycan coat’ to healthy cells and aberrant glycosylation is a universal feature of cancer cells linked to all of the cancer hallmarks. This means glycans hold huge potential for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. One key change in tumour glycosylation is increased sialylation, both on N-glycans and O-glycans, which leads to a dense forest of sialylated structures covering the cell surface. This hypersialylation has far-reaching consequences for cancer cells, and sialylated glycans are fundamental in tumour growth, metastasis, immune evasion and drug resistance. The development of strategies to inhibit aberrant sialylation in cancer represents an important opportunity to develop new therapeutics. Here, I summarise recent advances to target aberrant sialylation in cancer, including the development of sialyltransferase inhibitors and strategies to inhibit Siglecs and Selectins, and discuss opportunities for the future.
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10
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Sialic acids: An Avenue to Target Cancer Progression, Metastasis, and Resistance to Therapy. FORUM OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/fco-2021-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Sialic acids are alpha-keto acids with nine carbons that are commonly present in the terminal sugars of glycans on glycoproteins and glycolipids on the cell surface. Sialic acids have a role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes by interacting with carbohydrates and proteins, communicating between cells, and acting as cell surface receptors for viruses and bacteria. Several studies have shown the aberrant pattern of sialic acids on cancer cells due to change in their glycosylation status. This pattern may be attributed to various physiological and pathological changes occurring in tumour cells. Hypersialylation in tumours, its involvement in tumour growth, immune evasion and escape from the apoptotic pathway, metastasis formation, and therapeutic resistance have all been fairly well investigated.
Methods
A PubMed search was conducted and published articles in different studies from 2000 to 2020 were included and reviewed. Here, we discuss current outcomes that emphasize the unfavourable effects of hypersialylation on multiple aspects of tumour genesis, immune evasion, metastasis and resistance to therapy.
Conclusion
These recent investigations have found that aberrant sialylation is an essential process for tumour cells to evade immune surveillance and maintain their malignancy. Together, these noteworthy views provide a solid platform for designing and developing therapeutic approaches that target hypersialylation of cancer cells.
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11
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Moons SJ, Rossing E, Janssen MACH, Heise T, Büll C, Adema GJ, Boltje TJ. Structure-Activity Relationship of Metabolic Sialic Acid Inhibitors and Labeling Reagents. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:590-597. [PMID: 35179348 PMCID: PMC8938927 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Sialic acids cap
the glycans of cell surface glycoproteins and
glycolipids. They are involved in a multitude of biological processes,
and aberrant sialic acid expression is associated with several pathologies,
such as cancer. Strategies to interfere with the sialic acid biosynthesis
can potentially be used for anticancer therapy. One well-known class
of sialylation inhibitors is peracetylated 3-fluorosialic acids. We
synthesized 3-fluorosialic acid derivatives modified at the C-4, C-5,
C-8, and C-9 position and tested their inhibitory potency in vitro.
Modifications at C-5 lead to increased inhibition, compared to the
natural acetamide at this position. These structure–activity
relationships could also be applied to improve the efficiency of sialic
acid metabolic labeling reagents by modification of the C-5 position.
Hence, these results improve our understanding of the structure–activity
relationships of sialic acid glycomimetics and their metabolic processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam J. Moons
- Cluster of Molecular Chemistry, Institue for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Emiel Rossing
- Cluster of Molecular Chemistry, Institue for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Mathilde A. C. H. Janssen
- Cluster of Molecular Chemistry, Institue for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Torben Heise
- Cluster of Molecular Chemistry, Institue for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Büll
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Gosse J. Adema
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J. Boltje
- Cluster of Molecular Chemistry, Institue for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
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12
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Ko CY, Chu TH, Hsu CC, Chen HP, Huang SC, Chang CL, Tzou SJ, Chen TY, Lin CC, Shih PC, Lin CH, Chang CF, Lee YK. Bioinformatics Analyses Identify the Therapeutic Potential of ST8SIA6 for Colon Cancer. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12030401. [PMID: 35330401 PMCID: PMC8953768 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12030401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialylation of glycoproteins is modified by distinct sialyltransferases such as ST3Gal, ST6Gal, ST6GalNAc, or ST8SIA with α2,3-, α2,6-, or α2,8-linkages. Alteration of these sialyltransferases causing aberrant sialylation is associated with the progression of colon cancer. However, among the ST8- sialyltransferases, the role of ST8SIA6 in colon cancer remains poorly understood. In this study, we explored the involvement of ST8SIA6 in colon cancer using multiple gene databases. The relationship between ST8SIA6 expression and tumor stages/grades was investigated by UALCAN analysis, and Kaplan–Meier Plotter analysis was used to analyze the expression of ST8SIA6 on the survival outcome of colon cancer patients. Moreover, the biological functions of ST8SIA6 in colon cancer were explored using LinkedOmics and cancer cell metabolism gene DB. Finally, TIMER and TISMO analyses were used to delineate ST8SIA6 levels in tumor immunity and immunotherapy responses, respectively. ST8SIA6 downregulation was associated with an advanced stage and poorly differentiated grade; however, ST8SIA6 expression did not affect the survival outcomes in patients with colon cancer. Gene ontology analysis suggested that ST8SIA6 participates in cell surface adhesion, angiogenesis, and membrane vesicle trafficking. In addition, ST8SIA6 levels affected immunocyte infiltration and immunotherapy responses in colon cancer. Collectively, these results suggest that ST8SIA6 may serve as a novel therapeutic target towards personalized medicine for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chou-Yuan Ko
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan;
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (C.-L.C.); (S.-J.T.)
| | - Tian-Huei Chu
- Medical Laboratory, Medical Education and Research Center, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Cheng Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (P.-C.S.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Hsin-Pao Chen
- Department of Surgery, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Chung Huang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (C.-L.C.); (S.-J.T.)
- Medical Laboratory, Medical Education and Research Center, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan;
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Lin Chang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (C.-L.C.); (S.-J.T.)
- Medical Laboratory, Medical Education and Research Center, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan;
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Jyu Tzou
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (C.-L.C.); (S.-J.T.)
- Medical Laboratory, Medical Education and Research Center, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan;
- Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yuan Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Chen Lin
- Clinical Pathology Department, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Shih
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (P.-C.S.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Chung-Hsien Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (P.-C.S.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Chuan-Fa Chang
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (P.-C.S.); (C.-H.L.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-F.C.); (Y.-K.L.); Tel.: +886-6-235-3535 (ext. 5796) (C.-F.C.); +886-7-749-6751 (ext. 726201) (Y.-K.L.)
| | - Yung-Kuo Lee
- Medical Laboratory, Medical Education and Research Center, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (C.-F.C.); (Y.-K.L.); Tel.: +886-6-235-3535 (ext. 5796) (C.-F.C.); +886-7-749-6751 (ext. 726201) (Y.-K.L.)
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13
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Balneger N, Cornelissen LAM, Wassink M, Moons SJ, Boltje TJ, Bar-Ephraim YE, Das KK, Søndergaard JN, Büll C, Adema GJ. Sialic acid blockade in dendritic cells enhances CD8 + T cell responses by facilitating high-avidity interactions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:98. [PMID: 35089436 PMCID: PMC8799591 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids are negatively charged carbohydrates that cap the glycans of glycoproteins and glycolipids. Sialic acids are involved in various biological processes including cell-cell adhesion and immune recognition. In dendritic cells (DCs), the major antigen-presenting cells of the immune system, sialic acids emerge as important regulators of maturation and interaction with other lymphocytes including T cells. Many aspects of how sialic acids regulate DC functions are not well understood and tools and model systems to address these are limited. Here, we have established cultures of murine bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) that lack sialic acid expression using a sialic acid-blocking mimetic Ac53FaxNeu5Ac. Ac53FaxNeu5Ac treatment potentiated BMDC activation via toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation without affecting differentiation and viability. Sialic acid blockade further increased the capacity of BMDCs to induce antigen-specific CD8+ T cell proliferation. Transcriptome-wide gene expression analysis revealed that sialic acid mimetic treatment of BMDCs induces differential expression of genes involved in T cell activation, cell-adhesion, and cell-cell interactions. Subsequent cell clustering assays and single cell avidity measurements demonstrated that BMDCs with reduced sialylation form higher avidity interactions with CD8+ T cells. This increased avidity was detectable in the absence of antigens, but was especially pronounced in antigen-dependent interactions. Together, our data show that sialic acid blockade in BMDCs ameliorates maturation and enhances both cognate T cell receptor-MHC-dependent and independent T cell interactions that allow for more robust CD8+ T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Balneger
- Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 32, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - L A M Cornelissen
- Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 32, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Wassink
- Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 32, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S J Moons
- Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - T J Boltje
- Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Y E Bar-Ephraim
- LUMICKS, Pilotenstraat 41, 1059 CH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K K Das
- LUMICKS, Pilotenstraat 41, 1059 CH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J N Søndergaard
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - C Büll
- Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 32, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - G J Adema
- Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 32, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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14
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Zhou ZR, Wang XY, Jiang L, Li DW, Qian RC. Sialidase-Conjugated "NanoNiche" for Efficient Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:5735-5741. [PMID: 35006749 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Reactivation of T-cell immunity by blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint has been considered a promising strategy for cancer treatment. However, the recognition of PD-L1 by antibodies is usually suppressed due to the N-linked glycosylation of PD-L1. In this study, we present an effective PD-L1-blocking strategy based on a sialidase-conjugated "NanoNiche" to improve the antitumor effect via T-cell reactivation. Molecularly imprinted by PD-L1 N-glycans, NanoNiche can specifically recognize glycosylated PD-L1 on the tumor cell surface, thereby resulting in more efficient PD-L1 blockade. Moreover, sialidase modified on the surface of NanoNiche can selectively strip sialoglycans from tumor cells, enhancing immune cell infiltration. In vitro studies confirmed that NanoNiche can specifically bind with PD-L1 while also desialylate the tumor cell surface. The proliferation of PD-L1-positive MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells under T-cell killing was significantly inhibited after NanoNiche treatment. In vivo experiments in solid tumors show enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Thus, the NanoNiche-sialidase conjugate represents a promising approach for immune checkpoint blockade therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Rui Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Ruo-Can Qian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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15
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Metcalf KJ, Alazzeh A, Werb Z, Weaver VM. Leveraging microenvironmental synthetic lethalities to treat cancer. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:143765. [PMID: 33720045 PMCID: PMC7954586 DOI: 10.1172/jci143765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment resistance leads to cancer patient mortality. Therapeutic approaches that employ synthetic lethality to target mutational vulnerabilities in key tumor cell signaling pathways have proven effective in overcoming therapeutic resistance in some cancers. Yet, tumors are organs composed of malignant cells residing within a cellular and noncellular stroma. Tumor evolution and resistance to anticancer treatment are mediated through a dynamic and reciprocal dialogue with the tumor microenvironment (TME). Accordingly, expanding tumor cell synthetic lethality to encompass contextual synthetic lethality has the potential to eradicate tumors by targeting critical TME circuits that promote tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. In this Review, we summarize current knowledge about the TME and discuss its role in treatment. We outline the concept of tumor cell-specific synthetic lethality and describe therapeutic approaches to expand this paradigm to leverage TME synthetic lethality to improve cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zena Werb
- Department of Anatomy
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Valerie M. Weaver
- Department of Surgery
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, and
- Radiation Oncology, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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16
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Smith BAH, Bertozzi CR. The clinical impact of glycobiology: targeting selectins, Siglecs and mammalian glycans. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:217-243. [PMID: 33462432 PMCID: PMC7812346 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-020-00093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates - namely glycans - decorate every cell in the human body and most secreted proteins. Advances in genomics, glycoproteomics and tools from chemical biology have made glycobiology more tractable and understandable. Dysregulated glycosylation plays a major role in disease processes from immune evasion to cognition, sparking research that aims to target glycans for therapeutic benefit. The field is now poised for a boom in drug development. As a harbinger of this activity, glycobiology has already produced several drugs that have improved human health or are currently being translated to the clinic. Focusing on three areas - selectins, Siglecs and glycan-targeted antibodies - this Review aims to tell the stories behind therapies inspired by glycans and to outline how the lessons learned from these approaches are paving the way for future glycobiology-focused therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A H Smith
- Department of Chemical & Systems Biology and ChEM-H, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemical & Systems Biology and ChEM-H, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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17
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Abstract
Introduction: Targeting immune checkpoints with antibodies has significantly improved the outcome of cancer patients, but only few patients have long-term benefits from currently used PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors. New approaches are needed to increase the number of patients going into long-term remission after cancer immunotherapy. Glyco-immune checkpoints are new targets for cancer immunotherapy. They are defined as immune-modulatory pathways including interactions of glycans with glycan-binding proteins or lectins. The most prominent pathway is the sialoglycan-Siglec axis and inhibitors of this axis are already successfully tested in early clinical trials.Area covered: Here, we summarize the current knowledge on glyco-immune checkpoints with a focus on the sialoglycan-Siglec axis. We also provide an overview on current approaches to clinically target glyco-immune checkpoints and give an outlook for the further clinical development of glyco-immune checkpoint targeting agents.Expert opinion: Glyco-immune checkpoints are interesting new targets to improve cancer immunotherapy. Antibodies targeting the sialoglycan-Siglec axis are already in clinical development. Other approaches with higher risk of toxicity including tumor-targeted sialidases are in late stage pre-clinical development. Despite the challenges, targeting of glyco-immune checkpoints could lead to the development of a new class of drugs providing improved anti-cancer immunity and eventually benefit cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Manni
- Laboratory for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, and Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Läubli
- Laboratory for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, and Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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18
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Rosenstock P, Kaufmann T. Sialic Acids and Their Influence on Human NK Cell Function. Cells 2021; 10:263. [PMID: 33572710 PMCID: PMC7911748 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids are sugars with a nine-carbon backbone, present on the surface of all cells in humans, including immune cells and their target cells, with various functions. Natural Killer (NK) cells are cells of the innate immune system, capable of killing virus-infected and tumor cells. Sialic acids can influence the interaction of NK cells with potential targets in several ways. Different NK cell receptors can bind sialic acids, leading to NK cell inhibition or activation. Moreover, NK cells have sialic acids on their surface, which can regulate receptor abundance and activity. This review is focused on how sialic acids on NK cells and their target cells are involved in NK cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Rosenstock
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Hollystr. 1, D-06114 Halle/Saale, Germany;
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19
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Gray MA, Stanczak MA, Mantuano NR, Xiao H, Pijnenborg JFA, Malaker SA, Miller CL, Weidenbacher PA, Tanzo JT, Ahn G, Woods EC, Läubli H, Bertozzi CR. Targeted glycan degradation potentiates the anticancer immune response in vivo. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:1376-1384. [PMID: 32807964 PMCID: PMC7727925 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-0622-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Currently approved immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies targeting the PD-1 and CTLA-4 receptor pathways are powerful treatment options for certain cancers; however, most patients across cancer types still fail to respond. Consequently, there is interest in discovering and blocking alternative pathways that mediate immune suppression. One such mechanism is an upregulation of sialoglycans in malignancy, which has been recently shown to inhibit immune cell activation through multiple mechanisms and therefore represents a targetable glycoimmune checkpoint. Since these glycans are not canonically druggable, we designed an αHER2 antibody-sialidase conjugate that potently and selectively strips diverse sialoglycans from breast cancer cells. In syngeneic breast cancer models, desialylation enhanced immune cell infiltration and activation and prolonged the survival of mice, an effect that was dependent on expression of the Siglec-E checkpoint receptor found on tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells. Thus, antibody-sialidase conjugates represent a promising modality for glycoimmune checkpoint therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Allografts
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- B7-H1 Antigen/genetics
- B7-H1 Antigen/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Humans
- Hydrolysis
- Immunoconjugates/chemistry
- Immunoconjugates/metabolism
- Immunoconjugates/pharmacology
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Killer Cells, Natural/cytology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/genetics
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/mortality
- Melanoma, Experimental/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Neuraminidase/chemistry
- Neuraminidase/genetics
- Neuraminidase/immunology
- Polysaccharides/chemistry
- Polysaccharides/immunology
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/genetics
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology
- Protein Binding
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Receptor, ErbB-2/chemistry
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/immunology
- Sialic Acid Binding Immunoglobulin-like Lectins/chemistry
- Sialic Acid Binding Immunoglobulin-like Lectins/genetics
- Sialic Acid Binding Immunoglobulin-like Lectins/immunology
- Survival Analysis
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Gray
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michal A Stanczak
- Cancer Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Natália R Mantuano
- Cancer Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Stacy A Malaker
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Caitlyn L Miller
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Julia T Tanzo
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Green Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elliot C Woods
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Heinz Läubli
- Cancer Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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20
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Bartish M, Del Rincón SV, Rudd CE, Saragovi HU. Aiming for the Sweet Spot: Glyco-Immune Checkpoints and γδ T Cells in Targeted Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:564499. [PMID: 33133075 PMCID: PMC7550643 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.564499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Though a healthy immune system is capable of recognizing and eliminating emergent cancerous cells, an established tumor is adept at escaping immune surveillance. Altered and tumor-specific expression of immunosuppressive cell surface carbohydrates, also termed the “tumor glycocode,” is a prominent mechanism by which tumors can escape anti-tumor immunity. Given their persistent and homogeneous expression, tumor-associated glycans are promising targets to be exploited as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. However, the exploitation of these glycans has been a challenge due to their low immunogenicity, immunosuppressive properties, and the inefficient presentation of glycolipids in a conventional major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted manner. Despite this, a subset of T-cells expressing the gamma and delta chains of the T-cell receptor (γδ T cells) exist with a capacity for MHC-unrestricted antigen recognition and potent inherent anti-tumor properties. In this review, we discuss the role of tumor-associated glycans in anti-tumor immunity, with an emphasis on the potential of γδ T cells to target the tumor glycocode. Understanding the many facets of this interaction holds the potential to unlock new ways to use both tumor-associated glycans and γδ T cells in novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Bartish
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Translational Center for Research in Cancer, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sonia V Del Rincón
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Translational Center for Research in Cancer, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Oncology and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christopher E Rudd
- Division of Immuno-Oncology, Research Center Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - H Uri Saragovi
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Translational Center for Research in Cancer, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Oncology and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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21
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van de Wall S, Santegoets KC, van Houtum EJ, Büll C, Adema GJ. Sialoglycans and Siglecs Can Shape the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:274-285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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Rossi GR, Trindade ES, Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F. Tumor Microenvironment-Associated Extracellular Matrix Components Regulate NK Cell Function. Front Immunol 2020; 11:73. [PMID: 32063906 PMCID: PMC7000552 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is composed of multiple infiltrating host cells (e.g., endothelial cells, fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and myeloid cells), extracellular matrix, and various secreted or cell membrane-presented molecules. Group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), which includes natural killer (NK) cells and ILC1, contribute to protecting the host against cancer and infection. Both subsets are able to quickly produce cytokines such as interferon gamma (IFN-γ), chemokines, and other growth factors in response to activating signals. However, the TME provides many molecules that can prevent the potential effector function of these cells, thereby protecting the tumor. For example, TME-derived tumor growth factor (TGF)-β and associated members of the superfamily downregulate NK cell cytotoxicity, cytokine secretion, metabolism, proliferation, and induce effector NK cells to upregulate ILC1-like characteristics. In concert, a family of carbohydrate-binding proteins called galectins, which can be produced by different cells composing the TME, can downregulate NK cell function. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) are also enzymes that can remodel the extracellular matrix and shred receptors from the tumor cell surface, impairing the activation of NK cells and leading to less effective effector functions. Gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of the TME and its associated factors, such as infiltrating cells and extracellular matrix, could lead to tailoring of new personalized immunotherapy approaches. This review provides an overview of our current knowledge on the impact of the TME and extracellular matrix-associated components on differentiation, impairment, and function of NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edvaldo S Trindade
- Cellular Biology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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23
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Peixoto A, Relvas-Santos M, Azevedo R, Santos LL, Ferreira JA. Protein Glycosylation and Tumor Microenvironment Alterations Driving Cancer Hallmarks. Front Oncol 2019; 9:380. [PMID: 31157165 PMCID: PMC6530332 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of research have disclosed a plethora of alterations in protein glycosylation that decisively impact in all stages of disease and ultimately contribute to more aggressive cell phenotypes. The biosynthesis of cancer-associated glycans and its reflection in the glycoproteome is driven by microenvironmental cues and these events act synergistically toward disease evolution. Such intricate crosstalk provides the molecular foundations for the activation of relevant oncogenic pathways and leads to functional alterations driving invasion and disease dissemination. However, it also provides an important source of relevant glyco(neo)epitopes holding tremendous potential for clinical intervention. Therefore, we highlight the transversal nature of glycans throughout the currently accepted cancer hallmarks, with emphasis on the crosstalk between glycans and the tumor microenvironment stromal components. Focus is also set on the pressing need to include glycans and glycoconjugates in comprehensive panomics models envisaging molecular-based precision medicine capable of improving patient care. We foresee that this may provide the necessary rationale for more comprehensive studies and molecular-based intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Peixoto
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Tumour and Microenvironment Interactions Group, INEB-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Relvas-Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Azevedo
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcio Lara Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Alexandre Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
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A Novel Chimeric Oncolytic Virus Vector for Improved Safety and Efficacy as a Platform for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.01386-18. [PMID: 30232179 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01386-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses represent an exciting new aspect of the evolving field of cancer immunotherapy. We have engineered a novel hybrid vector comprising vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV), named recombinant VSV-NDV (rVSV-NDV), wherein the VSV backbone is conserved but its glycoprotein has been replaced by the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and the modified, hyperfusogenic fusion (F) envelope proteins of recombinant NDV. In comparison to wild-type VSV, which kills cells through a classical cytopathic effect, the recombinant virus is able to induce tumor-specific syncytium formation, allowing efficient cell-to-cell spread of the virus and a rapid onset of immunogenic cell death. Furthermore, the glycoprotein exchange substantially abrogates the off-target effects in brain and liver tissue associated with wild-type VSV, resulting in a markedly enhanced safety profile, even in immune-deficient NOD.CB17-prkdcscid/NCrCrl (NOD-SCID) mice, which are highly susceptible to wild-type VSV. Although NDV causes severe pathogenicity in its natural avian hosts, the incorporation of the envelope proteins in the chimeric rVSV-NDV vector is avirulent in embryonated chicken eggs. Finally, systemic administration of rVSV-NDV in orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-bearing immune-competent mice resulted in significant survival prolongation. This strategy, therefore, combines the beneficial properties of the rapidly replicating VSV platform with the highly efficient spread and immunogenic cell death of a fusogenic virus without risking the safety and environmental threats associated with either parental vector. Taking the data together, rVSV-NDV represents an attractive vector platform for clinical translation as a safe and effective oncolytic virus.IMPORTANCE The therapeutic efficacy of oncolytic viral therapy often comes as a tradeoff with safety, such that potent vectors are often associated with toxicity, while safer viruses tend to have attenuated therapeutic effects. Despite promising preclinical data, the development of VSV as a clinical agent has been substantially hampered by the fact that severe neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity have been observed in rodents and nonhuman primates in response to treatment with wild-type VSV. Although NDV has been shown to have an attractive safety profile in humans and to have promising oncolytic effects, its further development has been severely restricted due to the environmental risks that it poses. The hybrid rVSV-NDV vector, therefore, represents an extremely promising vector platform in that it has been rationally designed to be safe, with respect to both the recipient and the environment, while being simultaneously effective, both through its direct oncolytic actions and through induction of immunogenic cell death.
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25
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Interleukin-1α as an intracellular alarmin in cancer biology. Semin Immunol 2018; 38:3-14. [PMID: 30554608 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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26
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Stanczak MA, Siddiqui SS, Trefny MP, Thommen DS, Boligan KF, von Gunten S, Tzankov A, Tietze L, Lardinois D, Heinzelmann-Schwarz V, von Bergwelt-Baildon M, Zhang W, Lenz HJ, Han Y, Amos CI, Syedbasha M, Egli A, Stenner F, Speiser DE, Varki A, Zippelius A, Läubli H. Self-associated molecular patterns mediate cancer immune evasion by engaging Siglecs on T cells. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:4912-4923. [PMID: 30130255 DOI: 10.1172/jci120612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
First-generation immune checkpoint inhibitors, including anti-CTLA-4 and anti-programmed death 1 (anti-PD-1) antibodies, have led to major clinical progress, yet resistance frequently leads to treatment failure. Thus, new targets acting on T cells are needed. CD33-related sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) are pattern-recognition immune receptors binding to a range of sialoglycan ligands, which appear to function as self-associated molecular patterns (SAMPs) that suppress autoimmune responses. Siglecs are expressed at very low levels on normal T cells, and these receptors were not until recently considered as interesting targets on T cells for cancer immunotherapy. Here, we show an upregulation of Siglecs, including Siglec-9, on tumor-infiltrating T cells from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), colorectal, and ovarian cancer patients. Siglec-9-expressing T cells coexpressed several inhibitory receptors, including PD-1. Targeting of the sialoglycan-SAMP/Siglec pathway in vitro and in vivo resulted in increased anticancer immunity. T cell expression of Siglec-9 in NSCLC patients correlated with reduced survival, and Siglec-9 polymorphisms showed association with the risk of developing lung and colorectal cancer. Our data identify the sialoglycan-SAMP/Siglec pathway as a potential target for improving T cell activation for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal A Stanczak
- Cancer Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, and.,Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shoib S Siddiqui
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Marcel P Trefny
- Cancer Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, and.,Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela S Thommen
- Cancer Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, and.,Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Alexandar Tzankov
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Wu Zhang
- USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Adrian Egli
- Applied Microbiology Research, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frank Stenner
- Cancer Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, and.,Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel E Speiser
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ajit Varki
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alfred Zippelius
- Cancer Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, and.,Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Läubli
- Cancer Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, and.,Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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27
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Fusogenic Viruses in Oncolytic Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10070216. [PMID: 29949934 PMCID: PMC6070779 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10070216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are under intense development and have earned their place among the novel class of cancer immunotherapeutics that are changing the face of cancer therapy. Their ability to specifically infect and efficiently kill tumor cells, while breaking immune tolerance and mediating immune responses directed against the tumor, make oncolytic viruses highly attractive candidates for immunotherapy. Increasing evidence indicates that a subclass of oncolytic viruses, which encodes for fusion proteins, could outperform non-fusogenic viruses, both in their direct oncolytic potential, as well as their immune-stimulatory properties. Tumor cell infection with these viruses leads to characteristic syncytia formation and cell death due to fusion, as infected cells become fused with neighboring cells, which promotes intratumoral spread of the infection and releases additional immunogenic signals. In this review, we discuss the potential of fusogenic oncolytic viruses as optimal candidates to enhance immunotherapy and initiate broad antitumor responses. We provide an overview of the cytopathic mechanism of syncytia formation through viral-mediated expression of fusion proteins, either endogenous or engineered, and their benefits for cancer therapy. Growing evidence indicates that fusogenicity could be an important feature to consider in the design of optimal oncolytic virus platforms for combinatorial oncolytic immunotherapy.
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28
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Matveeva OV, Kochneva GV, Zainutdinov SS, Ilyinskaya GV, Chumakov PM. Oncolytic Paramyxoviruses: Mechanism of Action, Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Mol Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s002689331803010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Ilyinskaya GV, Mukhina EV, Soboleva AV, Matveeva OV, Chumakov PM. Oncolytic Sendai Virus Therapy of Canine Mast Cell Tumors (A Pilot Study). Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:116. [PMID: 29915788 PMCID: PMC5995045 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Canine mastocytomas (mast cell tumors) represent a common malignancy among many dog breeds. A typical treatment strategy for canine mastocytomas includes surgery, chemo- and radio-therapy, although in many cases the therapy fails and the disease progression resumes. New treatment approaches are needed. Aims: The goal of this pilot study was to examine safety and efficacy of oncolytic Sendai virus therapy administered to canine patients with cutaneous or subcutaneous mastocytomas. Materials and Methods: Six canine patients, with variable grades and stages of the disease, received virus therapy, either as a monotherapy, or in combination with surgery. The therapy included two or more virus applications administered weekly or biweekly. Each application of Sendai virus (107-108.6 EID50) consisted of multiple individual 0.01-0.1 ml injections delivered intratumorally, intradermally around a tumor, and under a tumor bed. Results: The treatment was well tolerated, with minor transitory side effects. Of the six dogs, two did not receive surgery or any other treatment besides the virus injections. The other four animals underwent radical or debulking surgeries, and in three of them the subsequent administration of Sendai virus completely cleared locally recurrent or/and remaining tumor masses. Five dogs demonstrated a complete response to the treatment, the animals remained disease free during the time of observation (2-3 years). One dog responded only partially to the virotherapy; its after-surgical recurrent tumor and some, but not all, metastases were cleared. This dog had the most advanced stage of the disease with multiple enlarged lymph nodes and cutaneous metastases. Conclusion: The results of the pilot study suggest that Sendai virus injections could be safe and efficient for the treatment of dogs affected by mastocytomas.They also suggest the need of further studies for finding optimal schemes and schedules for this kind of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina V. Ilyinskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia
- Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V. Mukhina
- Veterinary Clinic of Herzen Oncology Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alesya V. Soboleva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Peter M. Chumakov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Moscow, Russia
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30
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Büll C, Boltje TJ, Balneger N, Weischer SM, Wassink M, van Gemst JJ, Bloemendal VR, Boon L, van der Vlag J, Heise T, den Brok MH, Adema GJ. Sialic Acid Blockade Suppresses Tumor Growth by Enhancing T-cell-Mediated Tumor Immunity. Cancer Res 2018; 78:3574-3588. [PMID: 29703719 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acid sugars on the surface of cancer cells have emerged as potent immune modulators that contribute to the immunosuppressive microenvironment and tumor immune evasion. However, the mechanisms by which these sugars modulate antitumor immunity as well as therapeutic strategies directed against them are limited. Here we report that intratumoral injections with a sialic acid mimetic Ac53FaxNeu5Ac block tumor sialic acid expression in vivo and suppress tumor growth in multiple tumor models. Sialic acid blockade had a major impact on the immune cell composition of the tumor, enhancing tumor-infiltrating natural killer cell and CD8+ T-cell numbers while reducing regulatory T-cell and myeloid regulatory cell numbers. Sialic acid blockade enhanced cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell-mediated killing of tumor cells in part by facilitating antigen-specific T-cell-tumor cell clustering. Sialic acid blockade also synergized with adoptive transfer of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in vivo and enhanced CpG immune adjuvant therapy by increasing dendritic cell activation and subsequent CD8+ T-cell responses. Collectively, these data emphasize the crucial role of sialic acids in tumor immune evasion and provide proof of concept that sialic acid blockade creates an immune-permissive tumor microenvironment for CD8+ T-cell-mediated tumor immunity, either as single treatment or in combination with other immune-based intervention strategies.Significance: Sialic acid sugars function as important modulators of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that limit potent antitumor immunity.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/13/3574/F1.large.jpg Cancer Res; 78(13); 3574-88. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Büll
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Boltje
- Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Natasja Balneger
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah M Weischer
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Melissa Wassink
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper J van Gemst
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Victor R Bloemendal
- Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Johan van der Vlag
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Torben Heise
- Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn H den Brok
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gosse J Adema
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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31
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Abstract
Enzymes are attractive as immunotherapeutics because they can catalyze shifts in the local availability of immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive signals. Clinical success of enzyme immunotherapeutics frequently hinges upon achieving sustained biocatalysis over relevant time scales. The time scale and location of biocatalysis are often dictated by the location of the substrate. For example, therapeutic enzymes that convert substrates distributed systemically are typically designed to have a long half-life in circulation, whereas enzymes that convert substrates localized to a specific tissue or cell population can be more effective when designed to accumulate at the target site. This Topical Review surveys approaches to improve enzyme immunotherapeutic efficacy via chemical modification, encapsulation, and immobilization that increases enzyme accumulation at target sites or extends enzyme half-life in circulation. Examples provided illustrate "replacement therapies" to restore deficient enzyme function, as well as "enhancement therapies" that augment native enzyme function via supraphysiologic doses. Existing FDA-approved enzyme immunotherapies are highlighted, followed by discussion of emerging experimental strategies such as those designed to enhance antitumor immunity or resolve inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheen A Farhadi
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Evelyn Bracho-Sanchez
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Sabrina L Freeman
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Benjamin G Keselowsky
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Gregory A Hudalla
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
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32
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Haas Q, Simillion C, von Gunten S. A Cartography of Siglecs and Sialyltransferases in Gynecologic Malignancies: Is There a Road Towards a Sweet Future? Front Oncol 2018; 8:68. [PMID: 29594046 PMCID: PMC5859025 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered surface glycosylation is a key feature of cancers, including gynecologic malignancies. Hypersialylation, the overexpression of sialic acid, is known to promote tumor progression and to dampen antitumor responses by mechanisms that also involve sialic acid binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs), inhibitory immune receptors. Here, we discuss the expression patterns of Siglecs and sialyltransferases (STs) in gynecologic cancers, including breast, ovarian, and uterine malignancies, based on evidence from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The balance between sialosides generated by specific STs within the tumor microenvironment and Siglecs on leukocytes may play a decisive role for antitumor immunity. An interdisciplinary effort is required to decipher the characteristics and biological impact of the altered tumor sialome in gynecologic cancers and to exploit this knowledge to the clinical benefit of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Haas
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cedric Simillion
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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33
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Barrow AD, Colonna M. Tailoring Natural Killer cell immunotherapy to the tumour microenvironment. Semin Immunol 2017; 31:30-36. [PMID: 28935344 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic and cytokine-secreting cells that can mediate potent anti-tumour activity. Accumulating evidence indicates that NK cell functions are severely compromised within the confines of the tumour microenvironment thus impairing the efficacy and development of NK cell-based therapies. Here we review the various cellular and molecular pathways that tumours have supplanted to evade NK cell surveillance. We highlight novel strategies designed to alleviate or circumvent the immunosuppressive conditions of the tumour microenvironment in order to emancipate NK cell function and stifle the inexorable growth and metastasis of malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander David Barrow
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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34
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Abbina S, Siren EMJ, Moon H, Kizhakkedathu JN. Surface Engineering for Cell-Based Therapies: Techniques for Manipulating Mammalian Cell Surfaces. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 4:3658-3677. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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35
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Wilkie KP, Hahnfeldt P. Modeling the Dichotomy of the Immune Response to Cancer: Cytotoxic Effects and Tumor-Promoting Inflammation. Bull Math Biol 2017; 79:1426-1448. [PMID: 28585066 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-017-0291-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although the immune response is often regarded as acting to suppress tumor growth, it is now clear that it can be both stimulatory and inhibitory. The interplay between these competing influences has complex implications for tumor development, cancer dormancy, and immunotherapies. In fact, early immunotherapy failures were partly due to a lack in understanding of the nonlinear growth dynamics these competing immune actions may cause. To study this biological phenomenon theoretically, we construct a minimally parameterized framework that incorporates all aspects of the immune response. We combine the effects of all immune cell types, general principles of self-limited logistic growth, and the physical process of inflammation into one quantitative setting. Simulations suggest that while there are pro-tumor or antitumor immunogenic responses characterized by larger or smaller final tumor volumes, respectively, each response involves an initial period where tumor growth is stimulated beyond that of growth without an immune response. The mathematical description is non-identifiable which allows an ensemble of parameter sets to capture inherent biological variability in tumor growth that can significantly alter tumor-immune dynamics and thus treatment success rates. The ability of this model to predict non-intuitive yet clinically observed patterns of immunomodulated tumor growth suggests that it may provide a means to help classify patient response dynamics to aid identification of appropriate treatments exploiting immune response to improve tumor suppression, including the potential attainment of an immune-induced dormant state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen P Wilkie
- Center of Cancer Systems Biology, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Mathematics, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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36
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Perdicchio M, Cornelissen LAM, Streng-Ouwehand I, Engels S, Verstege MI, Boon L, Geerts D, van Kooyk Y, Unger WWJ. Tumor sialylation impedes T cell mediated anti-tumor responses while promoting tumor associated-regulatory T cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:8771-82. [PMID: 26741508 PMCID: PMC4891003 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased presence of sialylated glycans on the tumor surface has been linked to poor prognosis, yet the effects on tumor-specific T cell immunity are hardly studied. We here show that hypersialylation of B16 melanoma substantially influences tumor growth by preventing the formation of effector T cells and facilitating the presence of high regulatory T cell (Treg) frequencies. Knock-down of the sialic acid transporter created "sialic acid low" tumors, that grew slower in-vivo than hypersialylated tumors, altered the Treg/Teffector balance, favoring immunological tumor control. The enhanced effector T cell response in developing "sialic acid low" tumors was preceded by and dependent on an increased influx and activity of Natural Killer (NK) cells. Thus, tumor hypersialylation orchestrates immune escape at the level of NK and Teff/Treg balance within the tumor microenvironment, herewith dampening tumor-specific T cell control. Reducing sialylation provides a therapeutic option to render tumors permissive to immune attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Perdicchio
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lenneke A M Cornelissen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingeborg Streng-Ouwehand
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steef Engels
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen I Verstege
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Louis Boon
- EPIRUS Biopharmaceuticals, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Geerts
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy W J Unger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, ErasmusMC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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37
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Metabolic sialic acid blockade lowers the activation threshold of moDCs for TLR stimulation. Immunol Cell Biol 2016; 95:408-415. [PMID: 27874015 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2016.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acid sugars cover the surface of dendritic cells (DCs) and have been suggested to impact several aspects of DC biology. Research into the role of sialic acids in DCs, however, is complicated by the limited number of tools available to modulate sialic acid expression. Here we report on a synthetic, fluorinated sialic acid mimetic, Ac53FaxNeu5Ac, which potently blocks sialic acid expression in human monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs). Sialic acid blockade enhanced the responsiveness of moDCs to Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation as measured by increased maturation marker expression and cytokine production. Consequently, the T-cell activation capacity of Ac53FaxNeu5Ac-treated moDCs was strongly increased. In addition to sialic acids, moDCs also expressed the sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) -3, -5, -7, -9 and -10, immune inhibitory receptors recognizing these sialic acids. Treatment with Ac53FaxNeu5Ac abrogated putative cis and trans interactions between sialic acids and Siglec-7/-9. Together, these data indicate that sialic acids limit the activation of moDCs via the TLR pathway, potentially by interacting with Siglec-7 or Siglec-9. Metabolic sialic acid blockade with Ac53FaxNeu5Ac could therefore potentially be used to generate more potent DC-based vaccines for induction of robust anti-viral or anti-tumor immune responses.
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Abstract
Cell surface sialosides constitute a central axis of immune modulation that is exploited by tumors to evade both innate and adaptive immune destruction. Therapeutic strategies that target tumor-associated sialosides may therefore potentiate antitumor immunity. Here, we report the development of antibody-sialidase conjugates that enhance tumor cell susceptibility to antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) by selective desialylation of the tumor cell glycocalyx. We chemically fused a recombinant sialidase to the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-specific antibody trastuzumab through a C-terminal aldehyde tag. The antibody-sialidase conjugate desialylated tumor cells in a HER2-dependent manner, reduced binding by natural killer (NK) cell inhibitory sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin (Siglec) receptors, and enhanced binding to the NK-activating receptor natural killer group 2D (NKG2D). Sialidase conjugation to trastuzumab enhanced ADCC against tumor cells expressing moderate levels of HER2, suggesting a therapeutic strategy for cancer patients with lower HER2 levels or inherent trastuzumab resistance. Precision glycocalyx editing with antibody-enzyme conjugates is therefore a promising avenue for cancer immune therapy.
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A Bitter Sweet Symphony: Immune Responses to Altered O-glycan Epitopes in Cancer. Biomolecules 2016; 6:biom6020026. [PMID: 27153100 PMCID: PMC4919921 DOI: 10.3390/biom6020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The appearance of aberrant glycans on the tumor cell surface is one of the emerging hallmarks of cancer. Glycosylation is an important post-translation modification of proteins and lipids and is strongly affected by oncogenesis. Tumor-associated glycans have been extensively characterized regarding their composition and tumor-type specific expression patterns. Nevertheless whether and how tumor-associated glycans contribute to the observed immunomodulatory actions by tumors has not been extensively studied. Here, we provide a detailed overview of the current knowledge on how tumor-associated O-glycans affect the anti-tumor immune response, thereby focusing on truncated O-glycans present on epithelial tumors and mucins. These tumor-associated O-glycans and mucins bind a variety of lectin receptors on immune cells to facilitate the subsequently induction of tolerogenic immune responses. We, therefore, postulate that tumor-associated glycans not only support tumor growth, but also actively contribute to immune evasion.
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Gram AM, Oosenbrug T, Lindenbergh MFS, Büll C, Comvalius A, Dickson KJI, Wiegant J, Vrolijk H, Lebbink RJ, Wolterbeek R, Adema GJ, Griffioen M, Heemskerk MHM, Tscharke DC, Hutt-Fletcher LM, Wiertz EJHJ, Hoeben RC, Ressing ME. The Epstein-Barr Virus Glycoprotein gp150 Forms an Immune-Evasive Glycan Shield at the Surface of Infected Cells. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005550. [PMID: 27077376 PMCID: PMC4831753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-mediated immunity plays a key role in host control of viral infection. This is exemplified by life-threatening reactivations of e.g. herpesviruses in individuals with impaired T-cell and/or iNKT cell responses. To allow lifelong persistence and virus production in the face of primed immunity, herpesviruses exploit immune evasion strategies. These include a reduction in viral antigen expression during latency and a number of escape mechanisms that target antigen presentation pathways. Given the plethora of foreign antigens expressed in virus-producing cells, herpesviruses are conceivably most vulnerable to elimination by cell-mediated immunity during the replicative phase of infection. Here, we show that a prototypic herpesvirus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), encodes a novel, broadly acting immunoevasin, gp150, that is expressed during the late phase of viral replication. In particular, EBV gp150 inhibits antigen presentation by HLA class I, HLA class II, and the non-classical, lipid-presenting CD1d molecules. The mechanism of gp150-mediated T-cell escape does not depend on degradation of the antigen-presenting molecules nor does it require gp150’s cytoplasmic tail. Through its abundant glycosylation, gp150 creates a shield that impedes surface presentation of antigen. This is an unprecedented immune evasion mechanism for herpesviruses. In view of its likely broader target range, gp150 could additionally have an impact beyond escape of T cell activation. Importantly, B cells infected with a gp150-null mutant EBV displayed rescued levels of surface antigen presentation by HLA class I, HLA class II, and CD1d, supporting an important role for iNKT cells next to classical T cells in fighting EBV infection. At the same time, our results indicate that EBV gp150 prolongs the timespan for producing viral offspring at the most vulnerable stage of the viral life cycle. The human herpesvirus Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an important human pathogen involved in infectious mononucleosis and several malignant tumors, including lymphomas in the immunosuppressed. Upon primary infection, a balance between virus and host is established, to which EBV’s capacity to dodge T cell-mediated attack contributes. Here we identify the late protein EBV gp150 as a novel immunoevasin, frustrating antigen presentation by HLA class I, class II, and CD1d molecules. EBV gp150’s many sialoglycans create a shield impeding surface detection of presented antigen. Interestingly, exploiting glycan shielding as a mechanism to mask surface exposed proteins on infected cells could permit EBV to additionally modulate other aspects of host antiviral defense. B cells producing wild-type EBV escaped immune recognition more efficiently than those infected with a gp150-null virus, pointing towards a role for gp150 in natural infection. Our results reveal a novel, broadly active strategy by which a herpesvirus glycoprotein, EBV gp150, blocks antigen presentation to T cells through glycan shielding, a new paradigm in herpesvirus immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Gram
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Timo Oosenbrug
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Christian Büll
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anouskha Comvalius
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kathryn J. I. Dickson
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Joop Wiegant
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Vrolijk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Jan Lebbink
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ron Wolterbeek
- Department of Medical Statistics & Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gosse J. Adema
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Griffioen
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - David C. Tscharke
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Lindsey M. Hutt-Fletcher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | | | - Rob C. Hoeben
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike E. Ressing
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Nardy AFFR, Freire-de-Lima L, Freire-de-Lima CG, Morrot A. The Sweet Side of Immune Evasion: Role of Glycans in the Mechanisms of Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2016; 6:54. [PMID: 27014629 PMCID: PMC4783415 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycans are part of the essential components of a cell. These compounds play a fundamental role in several physiopathological processes, including cell differentiation, adhesion, motility, signal transduction, host-pathogen interactions, tumor cell invasion, and metastasis development. Glycans are also able to exert control over the changes in tumor immunogenecity, interfering with tumor editing events and leading to immune-resistant cancer cells. The involvement of glycans in cancer progression is related to glycosylation alterations. Understanding such changes is, therefore, extremely useful to set the stage for their use as biomarkers, improving the diagnostics and therapeutic strategies. Herein, we discuss the basis of how modifications in glycosylation patterns may contribute to cancer genesis and progression as well as their importance in oncology field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo Freire-de-Lima
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Célio Geraldo Freire-de-Lima
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Alexandre Morrot
- Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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Oncolysis by paramyxoviruses: preclinical and clinical studies. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2015; 2:S2372-7705(16)30019-5. [PMID: 26640815 PMCID: PMC4667943 DOI: 10.1038/mto.2015.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical studies demonstrate that a broad spectrum of human malignant cells can be killed by oncolytic paramyxoviruses, which include cells of ecto-, endo-, and mesodermal origin. In clinical trials, significant reduction in size or even complete elimination of primary tumors and established metastases are reported. Different routes of viral administration (intratumoral, intravenous, intradermal, intraperitoneal, or intrapleural), and single- versus multiple-dose administration schemes have been explored. The reported side effects are grade 1 and 2, with the most common among them being mild fever. Some advantages in using paramyxoviruses as oncolytic agents versus representatives of other viral families exist. The cytoplasmic replication results in a lack of host genome integration and recombination, which makes paramyxoviruses safer and more attractive candidates for widely used therapeutic oncolysis in comparison with retroviruses or some DNA viruses. The list of oncolytic paramyxovirus representatives includes attenuated measles virus (MV), mumps virus (MuV), low pathogenic Newcastle disease (NDV), and Sendai (SeV) viruses. Metastatic cancer cells frequently overexpress on their surface some molecules that can serve as receptors for MV, MuV, NDV, and SeV. This promotes specific viral attachment to the malignant cell, which is frequently followed by specific viral replication. The paramyxoviruses are capable of inducing efficient syncytium-mediated lyses of cancer cells and elicit strong immunomodulatory effects that dramatically enforce anticancer immune surveillance. In general, preclinical studies and phase 1–3 clinical trials yield very encouraging results and warrant continued research of oncolytic paramyxoviruses as a particularly valuable addition to the existing panel of cancer-fighting approaches.
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Matveeva OV, Guo ZS, Shabalina SA, Chumakov PM. Oncolysis by paramyxoviruses: multiple mechanisms contribute to therapeutic efficiency. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2015; 2:15011. [PMID: 26640816 PMCID: PMC4667958 DOI: 10.1038/mto.2015.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic paramyxoviruses include some strains of Measles, Mumps, Newcastle disease, and Sendai viruses. All these viruses are well equipped for promoting highly specific and efficient malignant cell death, which can be direct and/or immuno-mediated. A number of proteins that serve as natural receptors for oncolytic paramyxoviruses are frequently overexpressed in malignant cells. Therefore, the preferential interaction of paramyxoviruses with malignant cells rather than with normal cells is promoted. Due to specific genetic defects of cancer cells in the interferon (IFN) and apoptotic pathways, viral replication has the potential to be promoted specifically in tumors. Viral mediation of syncytium formation (a polykaryonic structure) promotes intratumoral paramyxo-virus replication and spreading, without exposure to host neutralizing antibodies. So, two related processes: efficient intratumoral infection spread as well as the consequent mass malignant cell death, both are enhanced. In general, the paramyxoviruses elicit strong anticancer innate and adaptive immune responses by triggering multiple danger signals. The paramyxoviruses are powerful inducers of IFN and other immuno-stimulating cytokines. These viruses efficiently promote anticancer activity of natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Moreover, a neuraminidase (sialidase), a component of the viral envelope of Newcastle Disease, Mumps, and Sendai viruses, can cleave sialic acids on the surface of malignant cells thereby unmasking cancer antigens and exposing them to the immune system. These multiple mechanisms contribute to therapeutic efficacy of oncolytic paramyxovi-ruses and are responsible for encouraging results in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Matveeva
- Biopolymer Design LLC, Acton, Massachusetts, USA
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zong S Guo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Svetlana A Shabalina
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter M Chumakov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Boligan KF, Mesa C, Fernandez LE, von Gunten S. Cancer intelligence acquired (CIA): tumor glycosylation and sialylation codes dismantling antitumor defense. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1231-48. [PMID: 25487607 PMCID: PMC11113383 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1799-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation is a key feature of malignant transformation and reflects epigenetic and genetic anomalies among the multitude of molecules involved in glycan biosynthesis. Although glycan biosynthesis is not template bound, altered tumor glycosylation is not random, but associated with common glycosylation patterns. Evidence suggests that acquisition of distinct glycosylation patterns evolves from a 'microevolutionary' process conferring advantages in terms of tumor growth, tumor dissemination, and immune escape. Such glycosylation modifications also involve xeno- and hypersialylation. Xeno-autoantigens such as Neu5Gc-gangliosides provide potential targets for immunotherapy. Hypersialylation may display 'enhanced self' to escape immunosurveillance and involves several not mutually exclusive inhibitory pathways that all rely on protein-glycan interactions. A better understanding of tumor 'glycan codes' as deciphered by lectins, such as siglecs, selectins, C-type lectins and galectins, may lead to novel treatment strategies, not only in cancer, but also in autoimmune disease or transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayluz Frias Boligan
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Friedbühlstrasse 49, 3010, Bern, Switzerland,
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Engagement of myelomonocytic Siglecs by tumor-associated ligands modulates the innate immune response to cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:14211-6. [PMID: 25225409 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1409580111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain pathogenic bacteria are known to modulate the innate immune response by decorating themselves with sialic acids, which can engage the myelomonocytic lineage inhibitory receptor Siglec-9, thereby evading immunosurveillance. We hypothesized that the well-known up-regulation of sialoglycoconjugates by tumors might similarly modulate interactions with innate immune cells. Supporting this hypothesis, Siglec-9-expressing myelomonocytic cells found in human tumor samples were accompanied by a strong up-regulation of Siglec-9 ligands. Blockade of Siglec-9 enhanced neutrophil activity against tumor cells in vitro. To investigate the function of inhibitory myelomonocytic Siglecs in vivo we studied mouse Siglec-E, the murine functional equivalent of Siglec-9. Siglec-E-deficient mice showed increased in vivo killing of tumor cells, and this effect was reversed by transgenic Siglec-9 expression in myelomonocytic cells. Siglec-E-deficient mice also showed enhanced immunosurveillance of autologous tumors. However, once tumors were established, they grew faster in Siglec-E-deficient mice. In keeping with this, Siglec-E-deficient macrophages showed a propensity toward a tumor-promoting M2 polarization, indicating a secondary role of CD33-related Siglecs in limiting cancer-promoting inflammation and tumor growth. Thus, we define a previously unidentified impact of inhibitory myelomonocytic Siglecs in cancer biology, with distinct roles that reflect the dual function of myelomonocytic cells in cancer progression. In keeping with this, a human polymorphism that reduced Siglec-9 binding to carcinomas was associated with improved early survival in non-small-cell lung cancer patients, which suggests that Siglec-9 might be therapeutically targeted within the right time frame and stage of disease.
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Büll C, den Brok MH, Adema GJ. Sweet escape: sialic acids in tumor immune evasion. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:238-46. [PMID: 25026312 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids represent a family of sugar molecules derived from neuraminic acid that frequently terminate glycan chains and contribute to many biological processes. Already five decades ago, aberrantly high expression of sialic acids has been proposed to protect cancer cells from recognition and eradication by the immune system. Today, increased understanding at the molecular level demonstrates the broad immunomodulatory capacity of tumor-derived sialic acids that is, at least in part, mediated through interactions with immunoinhibitory Siglec receptors. Here we will review current studies from a sialic acid sugar perspective showing that tumor-derived sialic acids disable major killing mechanisms of effector immune cells, trigger production of immune suppressive cytokines and dampen activation of antigen-presenting cells and subsequent induction of anti-tumor immune responses. Furthermore, strategies to modulate sialic acid expression in cancer cells to improve cancer immunotherapy will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Büll
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn H den Brok
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gosse J Adema
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Jandus C, Boligan KF, Chijioke O, Liu H, Dahlhaus M, Démoulins T, Schneider C, Wehrli M, Hunger RE, Baerlocher GM, Simon HU, Romero P, Münz C, von Gunten S. Interactions between Siglec-7/9 receptors and ligands influence NK cell-dependent tumor immunosurveillance. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:1810-20. [PMID: 24569453 DOI: 10.1172/jci65899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alteration of the surface glycosylation pattern on malignant cells potentially affects tumor immunity by directly influencing interactions with glycan-binding proteins (lectins) on the surface of immunomodulatory cells. The sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectins Siglec-7 and -9 are MHC class I-independent inhibitory receptors on human NK cells that recognize sialic acid-containing carbohydrates. Here, we found that the presence of Siglec-9 defined a subset of cytotoxic NK cells with a mature phenotype and enhanced chemotactic potential. Interestingly, this Siglec-9+ NK cell population was reduced in the peripheral blood of cancer patients. Broad analysis of primary tumor samples revealed that ligands of Siglec-7 and -9 were expressed on human cancer cells of different histological types. Expression of Siglec-7 and -9 ligands was associated with susceptibility of NK cell-sensitive tumor cells and, unexpectedly, of presumably NK cell-resistant tumor cells to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Together, these observations have direct implications for NK cell-based therapies and highlight the requirement to consider both MHC class I haplotype and tumor-specific glycosylation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Female
- Glycosylation
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- K562 Cells
- Killer Cells, Natural/classification
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lectins/metabolism
- Ligands
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Monitoring, Immunologic
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Sialic Acid Binding Immunoglobulin-like Lectins/metabolism
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Amon R, Reuven EM, Leviatan Ben-Arye S, Padler-Karavani V. Glycans in immune recognition and response. Carbohydr Res 2014; 389:115-22. [PMID: 24680512 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycans at the forefront of cells facilitate immune recognition processes. Cancer cells commonly present altered cell surface glycosylation, especially manifested in the expression of sialic acid at the termini of glycolipids and glycoproteins. Although tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) result in expression of altered-self, most such carbohydrates do not elicit strong humoral responses. Various strategies had been devised to elicit increased immunogenicity of such TACA aiming for potent immunotherapeutic antibodies or cancer vaccines. However some carbohydrates are immunogenic in humans and hold potential for novel glycotherapies. N-Glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is a foreign immunogenic sugar in humans originating from the diet (e.g., red meat) and subsequently expressed on the cell surface, especially accumulating on carcinoma. Consequently, the human immune system detects this non-self carbohydrate generating a broad anti-Neu5Gc antibody response. The co-existence of Neu5Gc/anti-Neu5Gc within humans spurs chronic inflammation mediated disease, including cancer. Concurrently, anti-Neu5Gc antibodies hold potential for novel targeted therapy. αGal is another foreign immunogenic carbohydrate antigen in humans and all humans have circulating anti-Gal antibodies. This review aims to describe the immunogenicity of Neu5Gc and its implications for human diseases, highlighting differences and similarities with αGal and its potential for novel targeted theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Amon
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Eliran Moshe Reuven
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Shani Leviatan Ben-Arye
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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50
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Glycocalyx engineering reveals a Siglec-based mechanism for NK cell immunoevasion. Nat Chem Biol 2013; 10:69-75. [PMID: 24292068 PMCID: PMC3893890 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The increase of cell surface sialic acid is a characteristic shared by many tumor types. A correlation between hypersialylation and immunoprotection has been observed, but few hypotheses have provided a mechanistic understanding of this immunosuppressive phenomenon. Here, we show that increasing sialylated glycans on cancer cells inhibits human natural killer (NK) cell activation through the recruitment of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 7 (Siglec-7). Key to these findings was the use of glycopolymers end-functionalized with phospholipids, which enable the introduction of synthetically defined glycans onto cancer cell surfaces. Remodeling the sialylation status of cancer cells affected the susceptibility to NK cell cytotoxicity via Siglec-7 engagement in a variety of tumor types. These results support a model in which hypersialylation offers a selective advantage to tumor cells under pressure from NK immunosurveillance by increasing Siglec ligands. We also exploited this finding to protect allogeneic and xenogeneic primary cells from NK-mediated killing, suggesting the potential of Siglecs as therapeutic targets in cell transplant therapy.
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